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23  WIST  MA'N  STRiiT 

WIBSTIR.N.'i.  14JS0 
(716)S7a-4S03 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Hittoricai  IMicroraproductiont 


1: 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Inatitut  Canadian  da  microraproductiont  hittoriquaa 


Tschnical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notaa  tacliniquas  at  bibiiographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  hat  anamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibllographically  unlqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  In  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignlflcantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


D 


D 


n 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I    Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaur6a  at/ou  pallicuMa 


I      I    Cover  titia  missing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


r~|    Colourad  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

□   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  at/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blanic  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  ceia  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^iientairas: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'll  lul  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Las  details 
de  cet  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reprodulte,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normale  de  fllmage 
aont  indlqufo  ci-dessous. 


I — I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  do  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtea 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurias  at/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dAcolories.  tachaties  ou  piquias 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparance 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualitd  inigaia  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  matarit 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


r~1  Pages  damaged/ 

I — I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I — It  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r^pjt  Pages  detached/ 

r~yl  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


0 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  4tA  filmAes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  chacited  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dassoua. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  he»  been  reproduced  thenke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library, 

National  Mutauira  of  Canada 

The  imeges  eppeering  here  ere  the  best  quelity 
possible  considering  the  condition  end  legibility 
of  the  originsi  copy  end  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contrsct  specif icetions. 


Originel  copies  in  printed  peper  covers  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  lest  pegs  with  e  printed  or  illustreted  impres- 
sion, or  the  beck  cover  when  sppropriete.  All 
other  originsi  copies  ere  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  psge  with  s  printed  or  illustreted  impres- 
sion, end  ending  on  the  lest  psge  with  e  printed 
or  illustreted  impression. 


The  lest  recorded  freme  on  eech  microfiche 
shell  contsin  the  symbol  — ^  (meening  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  spplies. 

Meps,  pistes,  cherts,  etc.,  msy  be  filmed  st 
different  reduction  retios.  Those  too  lerge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hsnd  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  ss  msny  frsmes  ss 
required.  The  following  disgrsms  illustrste  the 
method: 


L'exempleire  film*  f ut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
gAnArositA  de: 

3iblioth4qua 

Muitei  Nationaux  du  Canada 

Les  imeges  suivsntes  ont  At*  reproduites  evec  le 
plus  grend  soin,  compte  tenu  de  le  condition  et 
de  le  nettetA  de  Texempiaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformi^A  svec  les  conditions  du  contret  de 
filmage. 

Les  exempleires  origineux  dont  le  couverture  en 
pepier  eet  ImprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commenpent 
per  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminent  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreesion  ou  d'illustretion.  soit  per  le  second 
plet,  selon  le  ces.  Tous  les  eutres  exempleires 
origineux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpent  per  la 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreesion  ou  d'illustretion  et  en  terminent  per 
la  derniAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivents  spparattra  sur  la 
derniAre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — »•  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  ie 
symbols  ▼  signifis  'FIN". 

Les  cartes,  pisnchss,  tebleeux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  tsux  ds  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  ie  document  est  trop  grsnd  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  pertir 
de  i'sngle  supArieur  geuche,  de  geuche  A  droite. 
et  de  heut  en  bes,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'imeges  nAcsssairs.  Les  disgrammes  suivents 
illustrent  le  mAthode. 


1  2  3 

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2 

3 

4 

5 

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DEPARTMENT    OF    STAT 


REPORTS 


UPON  TUB 


SURVEY  OF  THE  BOUNDARY 

IIKTWEK.V  inn 

TERRITORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

AND  TUB 

POSSESSIONS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 

FROM  TIIK 

LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS  TO  THE  SUMMIT  OF  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS, 

AUTlIoniZED  BY 

AH  ACT  OF  CONGRESS  APPKOVED  MARCH  19,  1872. 


AKCIIinALD  CAMPBELL,  Esq., 

COMJIISSIONEK. 

Captain  W.  J.  TWINING, 

C0RP8  OP  ENOINKEBS,  BREVET  MAJOU  U.  S.  A.,  cniEF  ASTRONOMER 


^ll^(  /j-       Ji/^^^ir 


^ 


PUBLISHKD  IN  ACCOKDANCE  WITH  AN  ACT  OP  CONGRESS 
APPROVKD  MARCH  :?,  1877. 


WASHINGTON: 

OOVBUNMENT    PRINTING    OKPIOE. 


1878. 


UBR'^^^^i„.U»V 


^^^^^c^]i.^u^ 


OF 


016300 


/ 


^ 


] 


(441.  Congress,  ;Jd  Session.    Senatk  Ex.  Doc.  No.  4 1.  J 


>»' 


MESSAGE 

FIIOM  mic 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


COMMUNICATINd 


INFORMATION  IN  RELATION  TO  THE  BOUNDAKV-I INP  RPTlVp™  thu 
UNITED  STATES  AND  THE  POSSESSIoK' SV  b™ 


fhom  Tns 


NORTHWEST  ANGLE  OP  THE  LAKE  OP  THE  WOODS  TO  THP 
SUMMIT  OP  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAIM 


I'KBRlJAnv  an,  1877.-Bc«.l,  ordered  to  I 


io  nil  tlio  tiil.In  and  I)e  printed. 


V 


[ 


Washington,  Fchrmry  2.'{,  1877.  ^'  ^"  ^^^^'^• 


Department  of  State, 
„      ,  Washhigton,  Fvbruari,  23,   1877 

iJy  tho  act  of  Marcli  19,  1872.  entitled  "A.,  .w.f      *i      •  •        , 
nnrl  ,v.... I  •        r  .1      ,  >  ^°"=;  oiuuitu    All  fict  autliorizuic'  the  survov 

and  iiarkn.gof  tlie  boundary  between  the  territory  of  the  United  i  7 
and  tlie  possessions  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  Lake  o    tt  W     1    f    f 
— t^ftbeRoekyM.^ 

i  1  i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^   ''  ^r '"'''"  '"^ '''  --^p^--"*-"*  «f  ^  Joint  t 

mission  for  determining  such  boi.ndar,-bne  between  these  points 

1  h.s  boundary  to  be  determinod  was  that  defined  in  the  second  artic-le  of 
^convention  between  the  United  States  and  Gi.at  Britain  o^^^^  t 
181N  whereby  it  was  provided  -that  a  lino  drawn  from  the  nios    n  ri^ 


G 


UNITED  8TATE8  NOUTHKllN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


western  point  of  the  Luke  of  tho  Woods,  ulong  the  forty-nintli  jxirulli-l  of 
north  hititude,  or,  if  tho  auid  point  shall  not  bo  in  tho  forty-ninth  purallol  of 
north  latitude,  then  that  u  lino  drawn  from  tho  said  point  duo  north  or  south 
ns  tho  case  umy  be,  until  the  said  lino  shall  intersoct  tho  said  parallel  of 
north  latitudo,  and  from  tho  point  of  such  intersection  due  west  aloiijr  and 
with  tho  said  parallel,  shall  bo  tho  lino  of  domarkation  between  the  territo- 
ries of  tho  United  States,  and  those  of  His  liritannic  Majesty,  and  that  tho 
said  lino  shall  form  tho  northern  boundary  of  tho  said  tenitories  of  tho  United 
States,  and  tho  southern  boundary  of  tho  territories  of  His  Uritannic  Majesty, 
from  the  Lake  of  tho  Woods  to  tho  Stony  Mountains." 

At  tho  time  of  tho  passage  of  the  act  of  1872,  tho  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  had  boon  surveyed  and  adjusted  from  tho 
Atlantic  to  tho  northwest  angle  of  tho  Lake  of  tho  Woods,  and  the  hmd-lino 
had  likewise  boon  surveyed  and  adjusted  from  tho  summit  of  tho  llocky 
Mountains  to  tho  Georgian  Bay,  leaving  undetermined  of  tho  entire  bound- 
ary tho  lino  between  the  northwest  angle  of  tho  Lake  of  tho  Woods  and 
the  summit  of  tho  Rocky  Mountains,  tho  water-boundary  upon  tho  Pacific 
Ocean  provided  for  by  Article  I  of  tho  treaty  of  1H4G,  anu  the  line  between 
that  portion  of  territory  ceded  by  Russia  to  tho  United  States  under  the 
treaty  of  18G7  and  tho  possessions  of  Great  Britain. 

Under  Article  XXXIV  of  the  treaty  of  Washington,  the  (question  as 
to  what  was  the  proper  water-lino  through  tho  channel  which  separates 
Vancouver's  Island  from  the  continent  was  submitted  to  the  arbitration  of 
tho  Emperor  of  Germany,  pursuant  to  whoso  award  and  the  jirotocol  of 
March  10,  1873,  such  lino  was  ultimately  fixed  and  determined. 

The  commission  authorized  under  the  act  of  March  19,  1872,  was 
organized  soon  after  tho  passage  of  tho  act;  Archibald  Campbell  being 
appointed  commissioner  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  the  required 
engineer  officers  being  detailed  for  the  performance  of  the  work. 

From  tho  reports  herewith  transmitted,  it  will  be  seen  that  this  work 
has  boon  entirely  concluded;  the  final  records  and  maps  having  been  signed 
in  London  upon  the  2t)th  of  May  last,  and  a  protocol  having  been  drawn 
and  signed  setting  forth  the  final  proceedings  of  the  conmiission. 

The  report  of  tho  commissioner  has  since  been  prepared  and  submitted 


[ 


UKllBD  STATES  SOUTIIBKN    UOBNDAUI  COMMlftSlOS.  ^ 

'"  "";•"";">.'  j;™ «'  "■"  -."i.io.i,.n  «f  ,i,u  „,„k  ,„„i  ,i,„  n„„i  „,,„„ 

x..c.|,.a.  .„  ,.,„  .„„i.„ry  coded  by  «„..,■„  ,„„,„  „,„„«,,  ,,,':;   ' 

"o". "...  ,o  ii,„„  d„„.ii„i  i„  ,1,0  i«,rto„„„„»  „f  ,;„  „,„k      "'''"'^'*"* 

Kt'spet'tliilly  hubiuittod. 

'v\     u  llAAIljyroN  FJSIJ 

llm  P«E8IUKNT.  **oii. 


RKPORTB 


OF  THE 


COMMISSIONER  MD  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTlMOMEll 


NORTHERN  BOUNDARY. 


United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission, 

Washington,  July  iJ,  1876. 
Sir:  I  huvo  tl.c  honor  to  transmit  herewith  the  original  of  the  final 
ugreement  of  the  eomnnssioners,  the  original  "List  of  astrononm-al  st^itior.s 
observed,  the  original  official  "  List  of  monuments  n.arking  the  interna- 
fonal  boundary-line,"  and  the  maps,  reeords,  and  reports  relating  to  the 
northern  boundary  commission,  as  enumerated  in  the  accompanying  letter 
of  the  chief  asti-onomer. 

I  would  also  respectfully  report  that  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
expenditures  necessary  in  closing  the  office,  not  included  in  my  accounts 
for  the  quarter  ended  June  m,  1876,  but  for  which  vouchers  will  be  rendered 
m  a  tew  days,  all  office-expenses  have  ceased. 

I  have  the  honor  to  bo,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL, 

Commissioner  Northern  Boundary  Survey 
Hon.  Hamilton  Fish, 

Secretary  of  State. 


United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission, 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  30,  1876. 
Sir:  I  respectiully  transmit  the  following  official  records  and  doou- 
ments  relatmg  to  this  survey: 

First.  Portfolio  containing  originals  of  preliminary  maps  of  the  survey. 
Second.  Portfolio  containing  the  joint  maps  signed  by  the  commis- 
sioners and  chief  astronomers, 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER  ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL. 


1873-1876. 


15 


REPORT. 


United  Swm  Norti,e,»  Botodarv  Comm«8,o», 

Tw„..g  Unue    State.  Engineers,  chief  a..ono„..,  as  fa:a  L  X 

Bball  not  be  iu  tho  fortAintb  ,  Ll  el  o( TnrH  ,  ^Tf  '"''*'"''''  "^'  '^  ^^e  said  point 
the  said  poi„t  duo  north  or  soutT  a  ^e  c  1  '  f  ,"'''  ''?  ""**  "  "'"'  '''•awnVroa. 
sect  the  said  parallel  of  north  I    iH.!i  i?       ^  ^•^'  ""*"  ^^"^  ««»'  ""^  sliaM  inter- 

west  alon,  and  wiU.  tt  "^  \ f  ^  ' '.l";;;  J^"'.!",*:  l--^ / -eh  intersection  d'e 
territories  of  the  United  States  and  those  of  (n  ■  ""  "^  '^•''"•'''•'''^"""  I'^t^een  the 
'ine  shall  form  the  northern  bo  nd    v  of  tl^o  ^^  •?'""  ^^•''J''«^J' «"^1  that  the  said 

tl.e  U„l,c,l  Stat    ,"  ,1    Z-  f         '"!"'""  "'  "■"  ''™"'l»'T-line  between 


i;i| 


N  B- 


17 


18 


UNITED  STATES  NOIITIIEUN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


In  April  Inst,  while  engaged  in  locntiiif;  a  military  reNorvation  near  Pembina,  n 
corps  of  United  States  engineers  discovered  that  the  commonly-received  boundary-lino 
between  the  Unite«l  States  and  the  Ibitish  possessions  at  that  place  is  about  lorty- 
seven  hundred  feet  south  of  the  true  position  ol  the  forty  ninth  parallel,  and  that  the 
line,  when  run  on  what  is  now  supposed  to  be  the  true  position  of  the  forty-ninth 
parallel,  would  leave  the  fort  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  at  Pembina,  within  the 
territory  of  the  Uniteil  States.  This  information  being  comniunieated  to  the  British 
Government,  I  was  requested  to  consent,  and  did  consent,  that  the  British  occupation 
of  the  fort  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  should  continue  for  the  present.  I  deem  it 
important,  however,  that  this  part  of  the  boundary-line  should  be  detinitely  fixed  by  a 
Joint  commission  of  the  Iv.'o  governments,  and  I  submit  herewith  estimates  of  the 
expense  of  such  a  commission  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  recommend  that 
an  appropriation  be  made  for  that  i)urpo.se.  The  land-boundary  has  already  been 
fixed  and  n)arked  from  the  summit  of  the  Hocky  Mountains  to  the  Georgian  Bay.  It 
should  now  be  iu  like  manner  marked  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  summit  of 
the  liocky  Mountains. 

The  Prcsick'iit's  mcssjige  is  iicoonipaniecl  l)y  a  corrcspondenco  between 
tlie  State,  Treasury,  and  War  Deiiartiiicnts,  and  between  the  State  Depart- 
ment and  Ikitish  minister,  in  rehition  to  the  dillieidties  on  the  frontier 
arising  irom  the  imeertainty  as  to  the  true  position  ttt"  the  bcnindary  ;  and 
also  by  an  estimate  of  the  probable  cost  of  a  commission  for  surveying  and 
marking  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  IJritish  possessions, 
made  by  General  Humphreys,  Chief  of  Engineers,  in  compliance  with  the 
refpiest  of  the  State   Department.     The  folhnving  is  a  copy  of  the  letter 

transmitting  the  estimate ; 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers, 

]ya.'ihingtoii,  J).  ('.,  }>orciiibvr  -3,  1870. 

Siii:  In  reply  to  the  communication  of  the  7lh  instant  IVoni  the  Department  of 
State  asking  for  an  estimate  of  the  [)robable  cost  of  surveying  and  marking  the  bound- 
ary between  the  United  States  and  the  British  possessions,  (rom  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
to  the  Rocky  .Mountains,  I  beg  to  reply  that  a  i)roperly-orgaiii/.ed  commission,  with  two 
sets  of  astrononncal  and  surveying  parties  to  expedite  tlu  work,  would  require,  from 
the  estimate  hereunto  annexed,  an  expenditure  of  about  6100,(100  yearly  while  actually 
engaged  upon  tield-duties. 

But  it  is  not  possible  to  state  with  certainty  the  length  of  lime  required  to  trace 
an«l  mark  the  whole  line,  as  the  progress  that  would  be  made  depends  upon  the  nalnro 
of  the  country  to  be  pas.sed  over. 

The  line  is  about  eight  hundred  and  sixty  miles  long.  The  season  for  working  to 
advantage  is  .short,  and  although  the  country  is  generally  an  open  one,  the  ninnber  of 
astronomical  stations  to  be  occupied,  upon  which  the  rate  of  progress  mainly  rests, 
depeutls  .so  much  upon  the  distance  of  pruniinent  points  of  elevation  from  each  other, 
that  they  cannot  be  estimated. 

From  one  month  to  six   weeks  would,  no  doubt,  making  due  allowance  for  bad 


KEPOHT  OP  THK  COMMISSIONKIJ. 


19 


weather,  be  required  to  eHtahlisli  astroiiomieiilly  a  point  on  the  paralh'l,  to  truce  its 
connection  with  n  preceding;  one,  antl  to  move  tlie  party  to  the  next.  Should  these 
points  average  fifty  miles  apart,  there  would  lie  some  seventeen  stations,  or,  say,  eight 
stations  for  each  astronoun<iil  party  to  occupy,  uliieli  would  consume  froiu  eight  to 
twelve  mouths'  actual  tieldduty  for  the  completion  of  the  liiu>. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  parties  can  be  kept  in  the  llehl  continuously  for  this 
length  of  time,  but  that  the  work  would  have  to  run  through  two  seasous  at  least,  if 
not  longer. 

The  services  of  the  oilicers  and  the  greater  part  of  the  assistants  would  be  requiretl 
for  another  year  on  oHlce  work  to  complete  the  records  of  the  survey,  so  that  the  prob- 
able expense  which  would  be  incurred  for  completing  the  work  might  be  set  dowu  at 
^325,0(10. 

Officers  of  engineers  have  been  frequently  assigned  to  perform  such  duties  as 
these,  and  if  the  demarkation  of  this  boundary  should  be  coiitiiled  to  them,  the  esti- 
mate should  be  modified. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  A.  IHJMPriREYS, 
lirUiadifr-GcHtral  iind  ChUf  of  Engincem. 
Hon.  W.  W.  Belkxap, 

Secrelary  of  War. 

In  oonipliiiiK'o  with  the  recommeiKhition  of  tho  Prosi<h'nt,  a  joint  reso- 
lution appropriating  $100,000  for  the  survey  of  the  hounchirv-hne  between 
the  United  States  siiul  tlie  Uritish  possessions,  iVoin  tlie  Lake  of  the  Woods 
to  the  Rocky  Jlountains,  was  introdueed  into  and  ])assed  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, but,  from  want  of  time  or  other  cause,  it  faih-d  to  pass  the 
Senate.  At  tlie  succeeding  session  of  ('ungress,  1S7I-'7'J,  the  following  act 
passed  both  houses  and  became  a  law,  viz : 

AN  ACT  autburiziii);  tlio  Hiirvoy  and  nmrkiuf;  tlin  boniiilniy  ImIwc'cii  tlic  tirrilory  of  tlic  United  States  and 
tho  |ios8e»Ni<iiisof  (iri'iit  lirituiii,  from  the  Lake  i  f  the  Wood.t  to  the  Hiiniiiiit  of  the  Ifoeky  MoiiiitaiuH. 

Be  it  enacted  Inj  the  Senate  and  Jlonne  of  Ji'epnseHtatires  of  the  United  Utateit  of  America 
in  Congrens  assembled.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  co-operate  with  the  Gov- 
ernment of  (Ireat  Britain  in  tlie  appointineiit  of  a  Joint  commission,  in  accordance  with 
the  plan  and  estimates  of  Brig.  Gen.  A.  A.  llninphreys,  Chief  of  Engineers,  submitted 
November  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  for  determining  the  boundary- 
line  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  possessions,  between  the  Lake  of  tho 
Woods  and  the  Uocky  Mountains:  Provided,  hoircver,  That  engineers  in  the  regular 
service  of  the  United  States  shall  lie  employed  exclusively  as  engineers  in  the  perforin- 
ancie  of  the  duties  contemplated  by  this  act,  without  any  additional  salary,  and  the 
Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  directed  to  make  the  necessary  detail  of  engineers  for  that 
pur|)ose. 

Sec.  2.  That  fifty  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  re«iuired,  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby,  ai>propriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  to  carry  into  ett'ect  the  object  of  said  joint  commission. 

Ajiproved  RFarch  1!),  1S72. 


20 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTOERN    BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


Tho  amount  of  tho  appropriation  for  ono  year,  accordin}^  to  the  esti- 
mato  of  General  Ilunipln-eys,  hIiouM  have  been  $100,000,  but  it  was  re- 
tluceil  by  Congress  to  850,000,  a  sum  insuflicicut  for  a  vigorous  and  eeo- 
noniical  prosecution  of  the  work,  partieularly  during  the  first  year,  as  many 
purchases  had  to  be  nuide  for  an  outfit.  In  consequence  of  tliis  reduction, 
tho  organization  of  the  conmiission  was  deferred  by  the  Department  until 
the  month  of  June,  when  I  received  tho  appointment  of  connnissiojier,  with 
instructions  to  organize  a  party  for  the  survey  of  tho  boundary,  in  accord- 
ance with  tho  means  provided  by  Congress. 

In  compliance  witli  tlie  terms  of  the  act  creating  the  commission,  tho 
Chief  of  Engineers,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  detailed  tho 
following  engineer  officers  for  duty  with  tho  commission,  viz :  Capt.  and 
Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  F.  U.  Farquhar,  Capt.  and  Hvt.  3\Iaj.  W.  J.  Twining,  Capt. 
(then  Lieut.)  James  F.  Gregory,  and  Lieut.  F.  ^^  Greene. 

An  office  was  temporarily  rented  in  Wasliington  for  tho  necessary 
preparations  for  tlie  survey.  Earl}-  in  Jul}',  CV»lonel  Farquliar,  with  the 
engineer  officers  and  civil  assistants  attached  to  the  conmiission,  left  Wash- 
ington for  Saint  Paul,  Minn.,  and  tliere  organized  a  party  for  field  operations. 

Previously  to  leaving  Washington,  ujjon  a  request  made  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  the  Quartermaster-General  was  directed  to  furnish  the  com- 
mission with  the  necessary  means  of  transportation  for  the  field-work  of 
the  survey,  Avith  the  understanding  that  the  nniles,  wagons,  &c.,  furnished 
were  to  be  returned  in  good  condition  at  tho  close  of  the  work  in  the  field. 
The  train  was  directed  to  assemble  at  Fort  Abercrombie,  on  Red  River, 
there  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  commission. 

On  my  airival  in  Saint  Paul,  Second  Lieut.  O.  D.  Ladloy,  Twenty- 
second  Infantry,  who  had  been  detailed  by  Maj.  Gen.  W.  S.  Hancock,  then 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  Dakota,  to  act  as  quartermaster  and 
commissary  to  the  commission,  reported  to  mo  in  person  and  was  directed 
to  proceed  to  Fort  Abercrombie  in  advance  of  the  commission,  to  put  tho 
train  in  readiness  for  the  march  to  Fort  Pembina,  near  the  forty-ninth 
parallel. 

Tho  purchase  of  supplies  for  the  season's  work  being  made,  and  the 
emj)IoyL's  required  being  secured,  the  conmiission  left  Saint  Paul  for  Fort 


r 


t't 


UKPOUT  OF  TOE  COMMISSIONER. 


21 


AI)oicr(»inl)ii',  luid  on  tlio  29th  of  Au<j[iist,  with  tho  train,  startod  thence 
northward  f\)r  Kort  Pembina,  and  reacliod  that  post  (»n  the  fjth  of  Sej)- 
tember.  ( Japt.  Loyd  Wheaton,  of  tho  Twentieth  Infantry,  tlie  oflieer  in 
command  of  that  post,  rendered  the  con)mission  ellicient  assistance  and 
facilitated  its  operations.  General  Hancock,  havinjf  detaiU'd  Capt.  A.  A. 
Ilarbadi's  company,  K,  Twentieth  Infantry,  as  escort  to  the  commission, 
1  found  them  there  in  readiness  to  enter  upon  the  (hities  assij^ned  them. 

Tlio  encampment  of  tlio  connnission  was  at  once  cstabhslied  in  tiie 
vicinity  of  tho  forty-ninth  parallel,  near  the  i)OHt  erected  by  Colonel  Lonj^' 
in  the  year  IH'J^,  by  direction  of  the  ffovernment,  to  mark  a  point  on  the 
boundary-line  between  the  United  States  and  British  possessions.  C!olonel 
Long  at  that  time  was  cngfagod  in  an  expedition  to  tho  source  of  Saint 
I'eter's  River,  Lake  of  the  Woods,  etc.  In  the  narrative  published  in  1824, 
compiled  from  his  notes,  ho  makes  the  following  statement : 

The  main  object  of  the  party  in  visiting  this  plnee  (Pembina)  being  tlie  determina- 
tion of  the  forty-ninth  degree  of  hititude,  Mr.  Calhonn  lost  no  time  in  taking  observu- 
tious.  Tlio  tlrst  one  whicli  he  nnide  was  near  Mr.  Nolen's  honse,  and,  although  not 
very  satisfactory,  yet  it  showed  that  we  were  near  to  the  boundary  line,  lis  it  indicated 
4SO  5!>'  27".  We  then  pitched  onr  eiinip  a  little  farther  down  on  the  bank  of  the  river, 
and,  ns  near  as  we  could  judge,  to  the  tioundary-llne.  A  large  skin-lodge,  which  was 
lent  to  us,  sheltered  the  gentlemen  of  the  party  during  our  stay  there.  Our  tent-llies 
were  pitched  around  it  for  tho  use  of  tho  soldiers.  In  honor  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  this  place  received  the  name  of  Camp  IMonroc.  A  Ihig  stalV  was  idanted, 
which,  after  a  series  of  ob.servations  made  during  four  duys,  was  determined  to  be  in 
latitude  48°  59'  27"  north.  The  nuignetic  meridian  having  been  ascertained  to  be  13° 
17'  25"  east,  the  distance  to  the  boundary-line  was  measured  oil',  and  an  oak  post  tixed 
on  it,  bearing  on  tho  north  side  the  letters  G.  15.,  and  on  the  .south  side,  U.  S.  Ou  tho 
8th  of  August  at  noon  the  Hag  was  hoisted  on  the  start',  which  bore  south  41°  25'  west  of 
the  post  at  a  distance  of  20'^  feet.  A  national  salute  was  tired  at  the  time,  and  a  procla- 
mation made  by  Colonel  Long  that,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  vested  in  him  I>y  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  the  (H)untry  sitinited  upon  Ked  River  above  that  point 
was  declared  to  be  comprehended  within  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  (pp.  40 
and  47,  Long's  Narrative  of  an  Expedition  to  the  Source  of  Saint  i'eter's  Uiver,  Lake 
Wiunepeg,  Lake  of  the  Woods,  &c.,  perlbrmed  in  the  year  1823,  by  order  of  the  IIou. 
John  C  Calhcun,  Secretary  of  War.) 

When  astronomical  observations  and  surveys  to  determine  tho  boundary- 
line  were  connnenced  by  the  connnission,  tho  season  had  reached  tho  middle 
of  Septoml)or,  leaving  a  coinparativtdy  short  period  of  time  for  iield-work 
in  this  higli  latitude.     The  Hriti.-^h  connnissioner,  {'n\it.  I).  I».  Cameron,  K.  A., 


32 


UNITKI)  STATKS  XOUTIJKISN    HOUNDAltY  COMMISSION. 


and  tho  Uritisli  rliicf  nstroiioiiuT,  C'lijit.  S.  AikUmmuii,  H  K.,  ii'iiclit'd  IViii- 
bina  on  tht<  IGtIi  mul  IHtli  of  Sfptt'inlxT.  On  tho  latter  day  the  first  moot- 
ing of  tho  joint  coniniisHion  todk  place,  and  a  ••eneral  \)\a\\  of  operations 
was  ajj;reed  ui)on  for  the  renniinder  of  tho  season. 

Tho  mode  of  surveying"  and  iniiri\iiif>'  the  honnrhiry  was  disenssed,  and 
it  was  a<!;reed  that  a  point  on  tlie  forty-ninth  paraHel  of  north  hititnde, 
close  to  the  western  hank  of  I{ed  Kiver,  shonld  be  the  point  of  the  bonndary 
first  to  be  ascertained. 

It  was  also  agreed  that  when  the  last-named  point  had  been  ascertained, 
tho  part  of  the  bonndary-iino  to  the  east  of  J{ed  Kiver  shonld  be  determined, 
and,  if  practicable,  the  snrvey  of  it  completed  during  the  lirst  working  sea- 
son, so  as  to  enalde  the  joint  connnission  to  connnence  the  snrvey  of  tlie 
lino  westward  of  the  point  ascertained  near  Ifed  River,  at  tho  opening  of 
the  next  year's  oi)erati()ns  in  the  field. 

It  was  also  agreed  that  such  portions  of  tho  boundary-lino  eastward 
of  Hod  Hivor  as  may  bo  through  wooded  country,  should  bo  cleared  for  a 
breadth  of  thirty  feet,  under  the  direction  of  tho  British  conunissioner, 
during  the  winter  season,  at  the  joint  exjtonso  of  the  tw(»  connnissions. 

The  manner  of  perniiinently  marking  the  line  was  left  for  future  con- 
sideration, in  order  that  it  might  be  ascertained  by  inspection  of  the  country 
what  would  bo  the  most  desirable  and  economical  material  for  its  demar- 
kation. 

On  the  1st  of  October  Colonel  Fanpdiar,  United  States  chief  astron- 
omer, left  tlio  camp  for  the  Lake  of  tho  Woods,  to  moot  the  chief  astron- 
omer of  the  liritish  commissi«tn,  for  the  purpose  of  jointly  ascertaining  tho 
position  of  the  "  northwesternmost  point  of  the  Lake  of  the  Wfiods,"  tho 
initial  point  of  the  boundarj'-line ;  and  from  that  point  to  determine  tho 
boundary -line  due  south,  according  to  tho  terms  of  the  treaty,  until  it  reaches 
tho  forty-ninth  parallel. 

On  the  11th  of  October,  accompanied  by  Captain  Cameron,  I  took  the 
steamer  from  Pembina  down  Red  Ri\er  to  Fort  (iany,  on  the  way  to  tlie 
northwesternmost  jioint  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  On  the  14th  we  started 
from  Fort  Garry  for  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  on  the  IJIth  reached  the 


i 


i!i:i'()KT  or  Tin;  commissionku. 


■2:\ 


vicinity  of  tin-  uortliwi'stcrniiHtst  |n>iiif,  wlicn-  we  IoiiikI  ('oloiitl  l''iir»|uliiir 
mill  Ciiptiiiii  AiidtTsoii,  with  their  r('s|n(ii\f  parties.  Alter  l.iir  nrrivnl  at 
the  lake  they  liatl,  with  tiie  as.sistaiifc  >>{'  iiatixi'  Imliaiis  uf  that  re;:iuii, 
(hsenveretl  the  remains  of  tlu-  ret'ereliee  nioniinieiit  ereeted  l»y  tlu-  I'liiteil 
States  ami  Ihitish  eommissionerH  (Messrs.  I'urter  and  Marelay ),  appointed 
uii(h'r  tlio  Hixth  and  seventh  articles  ot'  the  treaty  nl'  (Jhent:  Irum  which 
moniiincnt,  Ity  a  series  (if  coiu'ses  and  distances  laid  down  in  their  joint 
rej)ort  to  their  f,n»vernments,  the  position  of  the  northwesternmost  point  of 
the  lake  was  to  he  ascertained.  The  northwesternmost  point  not  Iiein;^'  on 
lirm  ;;Tound,  could  not  he  marked  ))y  a  inomnnent. 

From  this  report  of  the  chief  astronomers  I  was  satisfied  with  the  north- 
westernmost  point  of  tli((  lake,  as  ascertained  liy  them  and  reconnneiided 
for  our  acci'ptance,  liut  Captain  Cameron  was  not  disposed  to  accept  tia- 
result  of  their  exanunations  and  .search  for  the  reference  monument,  it  liein;;' 
his  policy  in  the  interest  of  the  Canadian  ( Jovernnient,  if  not  the  residt  of 
instructions,  to  leave  the  (piestion  of  the  northwesternmost  point  of  the  lake 
unsettled,  because  the  meridian  honndary-line  from  lliat  point  southerly  to 
its  iuter.s<'ction  witl  the  forty-ninth  parallel  would  cut  olV  I'roni  the  main- 
liind  iintl  leave  to  the  I'nited  States  a  portion  of  territory,  projecting:'  into 
the  lake,  of  f^reat  importiince.  and  almost  indispensalde  to  the  |a'ovince  of 
Maintobu  as  i  means  of  connnunication  with  Canada.  Upon  this  territory 
a  depot  and  .steandjoat-landin;:'  at  the  terminus  of  the  I'ort  Oarry  road  had 
been  estal)lishe<l  for  some  time  |)re\iously  to  the  authorization  of  the  joint 
commi.ssion  to  determine  the  boinidary. 

The  British  conunissioner,  while  declinin;;'  to  a^^ree  ollicially  to  the 
northwesternmost  point  of  the  lake  as  determined  by  the  chief  astronomers, 
e.xpressed  his  willin<>noss  to  c\it  a  siji'ht-line  frtmi  that  point  southerly  thron^^h 
the  tindier  aloiiL;-  the  nn-riilian  boundary  until  it  striki's  the  shori-  of  the 
lake,  without,  however,  at  that  time  ajureein^-  to  it  as  ii  jtart  of  the  boundary- 
line.  His  object  doul)tIe.ss  was  to  leave  the  (pu'.stion  in  abeyance,  in  the 
hope  that  liefore  the  boundary  was  completed  to  the  summit  of  tlie  K'ocky 
Mountains,  or  .subsequently,  some  arranjiement  mi^lit  be  made  Itetween  the 
two  i^overumeuts  wliereby  this  small  luit  nnudi-coveteil  and  important  piece 
of  territory  would  become  a  part  of  the  North  West  Territory. 


ssc 


i  f 


24 


UNITED  STATES  NOItTDEKN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Havin<;  coniplotod  tbo  object  of  our  visit  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  we 
started  to  Fort  Garry  on  tlie  2r)th  of  October,  and  reached  ir  on  the  2'Jth. 
In  consecjuence  of  rainy  weatlier  we  remained  there  8eve>:vl  days.  On  the 
tith  of  November  we  retm-ned  to  Pembina.  15y  that  time  the  i)arties  j>enerally 
had  closed  iiehl  operations,  and  tlio'se  of  the  United  States  connnission  were 
on  their  way  to  Fort  Abercronibie,  where  the  \va<,''on-train  was  to  be  k'ft 
dnrinff  the  winter  season.  From  there  the  emi)U)}t's  were  taken  to  Saint  Paul 
and  dischar^j^ed  for  the  winter.  The  last  party  in  the  iield,  under  Major 
Twinin<>-,  did  not  reach  Saint  Paul  until  the  23d  of  November,  by  which 
time  it  had  become  quite  colil. 

The  Department  havin<r  designated  Detroit  as  the  place  for  cstablishin<»' 
the  oflice  of  the  connnission  durinjjf  the  winter,  the  employes  who  were  no 
loufi^er  required  were  discharged  at  Saint  Paul.  The  chief  astronomer,  with 
his  assistants,  repaired  to  Detroit,  where  they  remained  until  the  opening  of 
the  season  for  lield-work  in  the  ensuing  spring. 

Congress,  during  the  session  of  1872-73,  a])])ropriated  $125,000  for 
the  operations  of  the  ensuing  fiscal  year,  making  it  available  u})on  the 
passage  of  the  act,  as  the  amount  of  the  previous  appropriation  was  nearly 
exhausted. 

Before  the  resumption  of  field-work  for  the  year  1873,  Colonel  Far- 
(pdiar,  United  States  chief  astrouimier,  applied  to  the  Engineer  I)ei)artment 
to  be  relieved  from  duty  with  the  boundary  connnission,  preferring  his 
legitimate  duties  in  the  Engineer  Corjjs.  His  rc'iuest  was  granted,  and 
5laj.  W.  J.  'Vwining,  the  engineer  oflicer  next  in  rank  on  duty  with  the 
connnission,  beciimo  chief  astronomer. 

At  the  earliest  moment  i)racticable,  in  the  year  1873,  Major  Twining 
was  in  the  field  with  his  parties.  The  snrvey  was  commenced  at  the  astro- 
nomical statii>n  wiiich  had,  during  tiie  previous  year,  been  determined  and 
marked  on  the  western  bank  of  Red  River.  Major  Twining  commencid 
operations  with  the  intention  of  completing  i'onr  hundred  miles  of  the  survey 
during  the  season,  and  he  accomplished  his  oliject.  The  boundary  was 
marked  at  intervals  of  one  mile  between  the  United  States  and  the  |)rovin('e 
of  Manitol)a,  and  fartiier  west  at  average  intervals  of  three  miles.  These 
monuments  were  built  of  earth,  or  stone  where  it  could  be  foinid.     'I'lu>se 


KEPOBT  OF  TOE  COMMISSIONER. 


25 


separating  Manitoba  from  the  United  States  liavo  been  replueed  by  n.onn 
uients  of  iron. 

The  climate  of  the  country  in  the  vicinity  :  the  boundary  cannot  bo 
surpassed.  The  .lays,  thou-li  sometimes  warm,  are  always  more  or  less 
tempered  by  a  pleasant  breeze,  and  the  ni-hts  in  midsnnnner  are  cool  and 
refresliino-,  and  sometimes  exceedingly  co,>l,  even  to  the  freezing-point. 
The  surfa.-e  of  the  earth  in  this  region  is  generally  a  rolling  prairie,  gradu- 
ally but  almost  imperceptibly  rising  from  lied  River  to  the  base  of  the 
IWky  Mountains. 

After  crossing  Pembina  Uiver,  thirty-tive  miles  west  of  Red  River,  there 
is  a  considerable  rise  in  the  land.  This  de-.  aticm  is  called  I'embina  Mount- 
ain, tlh.ngh  in  reality  it  is  only  an  elevated  plateau.  The  boundary  farther 
to  the  west  crosses  l^u-tle  Mountain,  a  rough  and  rugged  ehnation  covered 
with  tind.er,  through  the  whole  extent  of  which  along  the  boundary  a  vista 
of  liftetm  feet  in  width  was  cut.  The  distance  from  the  east  to  the  west 
base  of  the  mountain  is  about  thirty-four  and  one-half  miles.  By  far  the 
h.rger  part  of  Turtle  M.Muitain  falls  upon  the  s,.nt]iern  side  of  the  "line,  and, 
iu  conse(iuence  of  the  gr-.at  scarcity  of  tindu-r  in  that  latitude,  it  is  a  fortn- 
nato  ac([uisition. 

At  the  ch.se  .>f  the  sea.<m's  work  in  October  .Alajor  Twining  withdrew 
all  his  parties  fr..m  tiie  field,  »vith  the  exception  of  lieutenant  Greene's, 
uud  nmved  southwardly  to  Jamestown,  Dak.,  in  order  t..  .strike  thv  Northern 
I'aeilie  Kailroad  at  that  point,  an.l  from  there  continued  his  journey  to 
Saint  Paul,  when  the  employes  for  th.>  .sea.son's  work  were  discharged, "and 
theodicers  an.l  assistants  r.'paire.l  t..  Detroit  to  bring  rp  the  ollice-w..rk 
during  tlu-  wint.M-.  l.i.ntenant  (invne  with  his  party  r.-mained  in  the  field 
during  tl...  -.vinter,  in  ovdvv  to  .■omplct..  the  snrv.^y  of  )]„>  ii,u.  b.>tween  th.. 
Lake  ..f  the  W.m.ls  nid  if...!  IJiv.'r,  it  b.'ing  impracti.'ab!..  t..  perf.a-m  that 
work  .l.u'ing  the  suuuu.t  s.Ni.son  on  account  ..f  the  .swampy  character  .)f  the 
c.)untrv. 

In  .■.)ns(Ypience  of  .U>lay  in  the  passage  of  the  ai.pr..priati.>n  iov  the 
bcmndary  .■..nnni.ssion  for  the  y.'ar  IST-l,  it  was  late  b-'f.uv  1  was  able  to 
join  th.'  parti.'.s  in  the  iu'U.  On  my  arrival  at  Fort  jinror.l.  .„.  the  Miss..nri, 
""'  >"ilitary  post  al  win..!,  Major  Twining  lai.l  in  his  snppli.s  ford...  s..asun,' 


m 


26 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


I  found  ho  had  a  short  tune  previously  started  northwardly,  to  strike  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  at  the  point  where  the  survey  terminated  at  tlie  close 
of  the  previous  season.  As  soon  as  my  small  train  was  in  readiness,  I 
moved  toward  the  boundary-line,  accompanied  by  a  small  escort  of  infantry, 
five  companies  ol'  which  had  beevi  detailed  by  General  Terry  a  ■  escort  to 
the  commission,  together  with  two  companies  of  cavalrj-.  As  the  commis- 
sion were  moving  through  a  country  far  from  civilization,  occupied  by 
Blackfeet  and  other  warlike  Indians,  this  large  escort  was  considered  ncices- 
sary  to  its  safetv  and  exemption  from  molestation. 

After  steadily  traveling  for  seventeen  days,  on  the  2d  of  August  we 
reached  the  camp  of  the  cavalry  escort.  1'he  country  over  which  we 
passed,  following  the  Jlissouri  and  its  tributaries,  is  monotonous  and  unin- 
teresting. 

The  cavalry  camp  was  near  the  Three  Buttes  or  Sweet  Grass  Hills, 
three  i)rominent  peaks  which  rise  to  a  great  height  over  the  surrounding 
country,  and  present  a  most  agreealde  relief  to  tlie  eye  in  contrast  with  the 
tameness  of  the  country  over  which  we  had  recently  passed.  We  here 
found  delicious,  cold,  spring  water,  a  great  luxury  after  the  unpalatable  and 
unwholesome  water  we  had  been  obliged  to  drink  on  the  route  when  not 
near  the  Missouri  River. 

From  the  summit  of  these  peaks  on  a  clear  day  a  fine  view  of  the 
crest  of  the  Kocky  ilountains  is  olttuiiied.  After  remaining  a  day  at  the 
cavalry  camp,  we  left  for  Major  Twining's  camp,  which  we  nsached  ai'ter  a 
joimiey  of  thirty  miles.  Ca})tain  Gregoiy  and  Lieutenant  Greene,  engineer 
officers  attached  to  the  commission,  were  encamped  in  its  viciiiily.  it  cre- 
ated quite  a  variety  in  our  wilderness  lil'e  to  find  such  an  assemblage  of 
j)artics  in  this  attractive  neighborhood. 

From  ]\[ajor  Twining  1  learned  that  two  hundred  and  forty  miles  oi 
the  remainder  of  the  boundary  left  unfinisiied  last  year  had  already  been 
completed  since  he  reached  the  boundary,  and  in  a  little  less  time  than  six 
weeks. 

On  the  8th  of  August,  a  clear,  cool,  and  bright  day,  accomj)anied  by 
Lieutenant  Greene,  I  rode  to  the  summit  of  the  westernmost  of  the  Three 


'f  "■  ■1'..~.'*f'i'*'        '■    f" 


■^'•—mmmr 


:V 


hi'     U 


,.  1 


.      ! 


-   -  I. 


V  ...1,    - 


'I       ..  if"     ■         I       : 

^  i-'     <'       ■>!   lijr-; 


1 


i  ,.f,'f   .»/   <,: 


■-'.•.Ms.*-=r.^?'  ; 


iii  II 


aSBB 


KEPOUT  Oi<  THE  COMMISSIONER. 


27 


Hiittca,  a  distance  of  iibout  six  miles  from  the  Ciimp.  The  ascent  was  steep 
towiud  the  smnniit,  but  i)racticablc.  From  that  elevated  point  the  Rocky 
JJoiuitains  in  all  their  grandeur  were  in  full  view,  while  beneath  us  it 
re(iuired  but  little  imagination  to  convert  the  rolling  ])rairic  into  an  ocean. 
The  summit  of  the  butte  is  about  1,700  feet  above  the  level  of  the  prairio. 

On  the  liitli  of  August,  accompanied  by  Major  Twining.  I  left  the 
Tliree  Buttes  for  the  Kocky  Mountains,  the  distance  being  about  one 
hundred  and  ten  miles.  We  encamped  for  the  night  in  a  very  line  position, 
giving  a  full  view  of  the  group  of  buttes  composing  the  Sweet-Grass  Hills; 
for  each  of  the  three  principal  buttes  is  composed  of  one  chief  butte,  sur- 
rounded by  others  of  inferior  size,  the  whole  of  them  covering  a  consider- 
able extent  of  territory. 

The  next  morning  we  moved  westward,  traveled  about  twenty-eight 
miles,  and  encamped  on  Milk  River.  From  our  camp  we  had  line  views 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the  summit  being  still  partially  covered  with 
snow.  On  our  journej'  this  day  we  passed  through  the  country  of  the 
IJhickfeet  Indians,  during  which  time  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  keep  closer 
together  and  nearer  to  the  escort  than  usual,  but  we  were  not  molested. 
The  Indians,  knowing  that  we  were  well  protected  by  ti'oops,  gave  us  no 
trouble  during  the  whole  survey. 

Tov  ard  the  evening  of  this  day,  the  13th  of  August,  Captain  Cameron, 
tile  British  commissioner,  unexpectedly  made  his  appearance  among  us, 
having  just  returned  from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  where  the 
survey  was  rapidly  progressing  to  a  conclusion.  As  this  Avas  the  last  oppor- 
tunity before  the  parties  would  be  withdraAvn  from  the  field,  we  held  a 
meeting  of  the  j<»iiit  commission  at  our  camp.  Captain  Cameron  stated  that 
he  was  now  ])rei)are(l  to  agree  to  the  northwesternmost  jioint  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods,  as  determined  by  the  chief  astronomers  of  the  United  States 
and  British  commissions,  his  government  having  directed  him  to  acknowl- 
edge the  reference-monument  pointed  out  to  the  chief  astronomers  by 
Indians  residing  in  the  vicinity. 

He  also  agreed  to  adojit  the  astronomical  parallel  as  the  true  boundary 
instead  of  the  mean  parallel,  which  he  had  hitherto  strongly  urged,  and 


28 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDEKN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


i        I 


which  would  have  been  a  great  additional  expense  without  any  correspond- 
ing benefit. 

These  points  of  diflference  being  settled,  the  joint  commission  adjourned 
to  meet  on  some  future  day,  after  the  comi)letion  of  the  oflice-work,  for  the 
l)urpose  of  comparing  the  records  of  the  survey  and  the  final  maps  of  the 
boundary,  preparatory  to  their  signature  by  the  connnissioners. 

The  day  after  the  meeting  of  the  joint  connnission,  we  continued  our 
journey  toward  the  Rocky  Mountains  over  a  soft,  rolling,  grassy  prairie. 
During  the  journey  the  moun*.vins  were  constantly  in  view.  No  description 
can  do  justice  to  the  magnificence  of  this  mountain  scenery.  As  we 
approached  it  day  by  day,  the  Chief  Mountain,  near  the  forty-ninth  jtarallel, 
stood  pre-eminent  in  distinctness  and  grandeur,  resembling  a  gigantic  obelisk 
broken  off  at  the  summit.  There  is  an  infinite  vai'iety  in  the  mountain 
range  near  the  parallel.  It  requires  but  little  aid  t)f  the  imagination  to  see 
a  city  in  ruins,  in  which  fortifications,  pyramids,  and  other  familiar  objects 
present  themselves  to  the  eye. 

On  the  lltli  of  August  we  reached  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  near  the 
base  of  Chief  Mountain,  and  encam[)ed  in  its  vicinity.  On  the  20th,  with 
a  pack-train,  we  started  westward  over  the  Rocky  Mountaiis,  taking  two 
days  in  crossing  to  its  western  base,  and  two  days  in  returning.  We  found 
the  United  States  and  British  ])ai1;ies  approaching  the  termination  of  the 
line,  and  searching  for  the  monument  erected  on  the  sunmiit  of  the  mount- 
ains at  the  terminus  of  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  British 
possessions  authorized  by  the  treaty  of  1846.  The  moniunent  was  at  length 
discovered  in  a  spot  very  difficult  of  access,  and  tlierefore  the  better  ada[)ted 
to  preserve  it  from  being  disturbed.  The  survey  was  carried  to  the  monu- 
ment, and  the  line  was  thus  completed  from  the  northwesternmost  point  of 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  weather  had  been  so  fine  during  the  whole  season  that  there  was 
no  interruption  to  the  progress  of  the  survey.  The  nights  were  clear,  and 
the  astronomical  work  was  rapid  and  acciu'ate.  Being  so  remote  from  set- 
tlements, and  in  a  latitude  where  winter  connnences  very  early,  it  was  most 
fortunate  that  the  parties  were  able  to  leave  the  field  while  it  was  still  com- 
parativel}'  mild. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  COiMMISSlONER. 


29 


An-annfcmcnts  had  been  niiido  bj-  Jlnjor  Twining  early  in  the  season 
for  tlie  construction  of  Mackinac  boats  at  I\.rt  ]5enton,  on  the  5[issouri,  for 
the  i)uri)oso  of  transjiortingtlio  party  down  the  Missouri  River  to  Bismarck, 
tlie  western  terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kaih'oad,  and  tlience  to  Saint 
Paul  by  railroad,  to  bo  discharged,  with  the  exception  of  the  assistants  who 
wore  required  to  do  the  office-work  of  the  commission. 

By  the  12th  of  September,  the  various  parties  in  the  field  having  as- 
sendded  at  Fort  Benton,  the  fleet  of  six  Mackinac  boats  started  down  the 
river.  Major  Twining  and  his  assistants  accompanied  the  expedition.  At 
night  the  boats  were  fastened  to  the  shore,  and  the  whole  party,  including 
officers,  bivouacked.     They  reached  Bismarck  in  eighteen  days. 

On  the  13th  of  September  I  left  Fort  Benton  for  Fort  Shaw,  on  Sun 
River,  in  Montana,  accompanied  by  General  Gibbon,  United  States  Army, 
who  had  left  his  post  for  Fort  Benton,  to  visit  the  officers  of  the  connnission 
before  their  departure  for  the  East.  He  had  been  directed  by  the  com- 
manding general  of  the  Department  of  Dakota  (General  Teny)  to  furnish 
the  conmiission  any  additional  escort  that  might  be  required  when  it  reached 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  he  had  prompt!}-  informed 
nie  of  his  readiness  to  respond  to  my  requisition  for  troops,  if  they  should 
be  needed. 

We  reached  Fort  Shaw,  in  Montana,  a  distance  of  sixty-thrca  miles, 
in  about  eight  hours,  traveling  in  a  spring-wagon  over  the  natural  sui'- 
face  of  the  ground,  which  was  of  a  similar  character  to  that  over  which  we 
had  passed  on  our  way  to  the  Rocky  ^Mountains. 

I  remained  two  days  at  Fort  Shaw.  The  post  was  garrisoned  by  four 
companies  of  infantry.  It  had  a  very  neat  and  highly  military  appearance, 
the  houses  being  mainly  of  adobe  and  very  warm  and  comfortable.  Gen- 
eral Gibbon  took  much  pride  in  exhibiting  his  fine  gardens  filled  with 
vegetables  for  the  troops.  The  soil  is  Aery  fertile,  and,  although  the  Avarm 
season  is  brief,  vegetables  come  to  maturity  rajjidly  and  are  of  a  very  fine 
quality. 

On  the  IGth  of  September  I  left  Fort  Shaw  for  Helena,  a  distance  of 
eighty  miles,  and  with  a  relay  reached  it  in  twelve  hours.     On  the  succeed- 


m  ii 


11 

!1 


I 


^v 


30 


UNITED  STATKH  NOUTIIKIfN    UOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


iiig  day  I  attended  a  fair,  at  which  the  variolic  produots  of  Montana,  min- 
eral, animal,  and  veffotable,  were  exhibited.  Notwithstandin<;'  the  hif^h 
latitndo  of  Montana,  the  winters  are  eomj)ariitiveiy  mild.  The  cattle  are 
left  at  largo  durinj''  that  .•reason,  and  keep  in  good  condition  hy  picking  np 
nutritions  gras.s  of  that  ri'gion,  which  remains  on  the  ground  throughout 
the  winter  covered  by  snow  of  a  moderate  depth.  Montana  Iteing  pro- 
tected from  westerly  winds  by  the  Iiocky  Mountains,  the  climate  is  much 
milder  in  winter  than  might  naturally  be  supposed. 

The  next  day  I  started  from  Helena  in  a  Concord  stage,  and  after 
traveling  steadily  four  days  and  three  nights  I  reached  Ogden,  on  Salt 
Lake,  and  there  took  the  Union  I'aciiic  Kailroad  for  the  East. 

After  the  chief  astronomer  and  his  assistants  reached  Wa.sliington,  an 
otHce  was  rented  for  the  ])ur|iose  of  working  out  the  results  of  the  survey, 
and  eonstriu'ting  the  majjs  for  the  illustration  of  the  boundary-line  and  the 
country  adjacent  thereto. 

The  IJritisli  commission,  at  the  close  of  the  iield-work  of  the  survey, 
returned  to  London  and  there  executed  tlx'ir  oflice-work.  In  the  month  of 
iMarch  last  Maj.  D.  IJ.  Cameron,  U.  A.,  Her  liritaniiic  Jlajesty's  couunis- 
sioner,  announced  to  me  l)y  letter  that  early  in  April  the  Avork  of  the  15ritish 
connui.s.sion  wotdd  be  completed  and  ready  for  the  iinal  meeting  of  the 
joint  commission  pre])aratory  to  closing  its  proceedings,  and  requested,  if 
convenient,  that  I  would  meet  him  for  that  purpose  in  London.  Having 
submitted  the  pi'oposition  to  the  Department,  I  received  authority  to  comply 
with  it.  Accordingly,  with  the  assent  of  the  Department,  1  left  the  United 
States  on  the  1st  of  April,  in  advance  of  the  chief  astronomer,  who  followed 
on  the  lOth.  On  his  arrival  at  London  the  United  States  and  Briti.sh  chief 
astronomers  compared  the  records  and  ma])s  of  the  respective  conunissions, 
and  having  reported  that  the  latter  were  ready  for  the  signature  of  tlii-  com- 
missioners, they  were  duly  signed  on  the  2yth  of  May,  with  a  ])rotocol  of 
the  final  proceedings  of  the  conmiission,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy,  viz: 


i 


HIll'OlfT  OK  Till';  COMMISSIONKK. 


81 


lievonl  of  pnxtriliiiijH  at  a  mvcliii;/  <>/  lliv  ciimiiiisKiniirrK  tippithitid  rCHpectirvbi  h;/  the  J'nui- 
(lint  of  I  lie  I'liited  SIiiIch  of  Amvriiv,  anil  liji  Hir  lliittniiiiv  Miijinti/,  tii  UHvirliiiii  mid 
mark  lliv  Imiiiiilari/lini;  hvtwivn  the  irsptrf  i  ir  lirriloriiM  i>/  the  i'niltd  IStaleii  and  of 
Jlir  Miijr.il!/,  the  miiil  line  liihiij  that  dejinvd  hi/  the  mcond  artiele  of  the  eonreHlion  of 
London,  xiijned  Oetolier  -0,  IS  18. 


I'KKSKNT. 


Donald  U.  CaiiKToii,  iiiiijor  liojal  Artillery,  coiuuiisaiouiT  on  tlie  part  of  lltr 
llritamiit!  Jlaji'sty. 

S.  Aiiilersoii,  captiiiii  lloyal  Kii^jiiieers,  chief  a8trouoiner  to  Iler  Majesty's  coin- 
lui^sioii. 

A.  {'.  Ward,  eaptain  Itoyal  Eii^;iiU'ers,  secretary  to  ller  Majesty's  eoiniiiission. 

Ai'cliihald  C'aiii[ibell,  eoiiiiiiissioiier  on  tlie  part  of  the  I'nitetl  tStates  of  Aiiieriea. 

\V.  .1.  Twiniiit;,  eaplaiii  of  the  Corps  of  lOiifjineers  of  the  United  States  Army, 
chief  astroiionier  to  the  United  States  eoniniission, 

1.  The  ehief  astronomers  sulimit  tlie  following  doennn'nts  and  nnips  : 

((.  A  detaih'd  list  in  duplicate  of  forty  astronomical  stations,  in  addition  to  oni>  for 
the  location  of  the  most  northwestern  (loint  of  the  Lake  of  the  AVoods,  at  ■\vliieh  observa- 
tions wen;  taken  under  llieir  superintendenee,  to  determine  the  line  descrilieil  in  the 
second  artiele  of  the  convention  of  London  (sifjned  October  L'O,  ISIS)  between  the 
terminal  jioints,  viz,  the  most  nurthwcsteiii  point  of  the  Lake  of  the  \\'oods  and  Ihu 
eastern  end  of  the  internatiomil  Itoundaryline  previously  marked  between  Akamina, 
in  the  J{ocky  Mountains,  and  the  western  coast  of  North  Ameiiea. 

h.  A  <les(uiptive  list  in  duplicate  of  three  liundi'ed  and  eijihty-eifiht  (388) 'monu- 
ments and  marks  placed  on  the  boundary  line,  as  derived  from  the  astronomical  sta- 
tions enumerated  in  the  list  referred  to  in  section  a  of  this  paragraph. 

c.  Adnpli(!ate  set  of  twenty-four  (-H)  nnipson  a  scale  of  TSiiVso'*"' '  '"•'''  to-'miles, 
illustralinj;  the  topo^'raphy  of  the  country  Ihron^h  which  the  boundary  line  runs,  and 
indicating'  tint  relative  positions  of  the  various  monuments  and  marks  refeired  to  in 
section  h  of  this  para;;raph. 

2.  The  second  article  of  the  convention  of  London,  s 
rea<l,  as  follows: 

"  It  is  auieed  th:it  a  line  <lrawn  from  the  most  northwestern  ])oint  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods,  alout;  the  lorty-ninth  ])arallel  of  north  latitude,  or  if  the  said  p(iint  shall 
not  be  in  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  then  that  a  line  drawn  from  the  said 
point  due  north  or  south,  as  ih<>  ease  may  be,  until  the  said  line  shall  intersect  the  said 
parallel  of  north  latitude,  and  Irom  the  point  of  such  intersection  due  west,  al(in;j;  and 
with  the  said  parallel,  shall  be  the  line  of  demaikation  between  the  territories  ot  His 
liritannie  Majesty  and  those  of  the  I'liited  States,  and  that  the  said  line  shall  form  the 


d  -'(tth  October,  ISIS,  is 


southern  boundary  of  the  said  territories  of  His  liritannie  Majesty,  ami  the  iu)rthern 
boundary  of  the  teirilories  ot  the  United  States,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the 
Stony  Mountains." 

The  <lu|(licate  documents  and  maps  enumerated  in  para^'raph  nandiered  one  (1) — 
one  .set  for  each  of  the  resj)ective  governments — having;  been  exainined  and  compared, 
are  authenticated  by  the  sigimtures  of  the  commissioners,  who  agree  as  follows: 

1.  The  three  hundred  an<l  eighty-eight  (.'5SS)  nu)numents  detailed  in  the  list  referred 
to  in  section  h  of  paragraph  numbered  one,  are  on  ami  nuirk  the  astronomical  lines  stipu- 


1 

i 


i\ 


32 


rNITKI)  STATES  NOIlTIIEItN  HOIJNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Ifttcd  by  tlie  Hpcond  itrticlo  of  tlic  convention  of  Loiulon  (Migncd  October  20,  181 H)  to  lip 
the  lino  of  bouudary  between  the  territoricH  of  Her  liritannic  Miijcsty  and  of  tlie  Unite«l 
States  of  America,  from  tlie  Lalcc  of  tbo  Woodn  to  the  Stony  (/.  v.,  Koclty)  Moiintaiim. 

2.  Jn  llie  intervulH  between  tlie  inoiuinients  aloiifj  the  iiarallel  of  latitude,  it  is 
agreed  that  the  lino  liax  the  curvature  of  a  parallel  of  4iP  north  latitude ;  and  that 
such  characteristic  hIiuII  determine  all  questions  that  iniiy  hereafter  arise  with  reference 
to  the  position  of  the  boundary  at  any  point  between  nei(;liborin(;  luonuuients. 

3.  It  is  further  agreed  that,  in  the  event  of  any  of  the  said  three  hundred  and 
eightyeight  (SSS)  monuments  or  marks  being  obliterated  beyond  the  iM)wer  of  recog- 
nition, the  lost  site  or  sites  shall  be  recovered  by  their  recorded  position  relatively  to 
the  next  uoighboriDg  uuobliterated  mark  or  marks. 

AuoriiHALn  campijell. 

United  States  Commissioiur,  Lnnilon,  May  21>,  1870. 
I).  II.  CAMERON, 
Major  R,  A.,  llvr  Britannic  Majesty's  Commisitioner,  London,  May  20, 1870. 

Tho  proceedings  of  the  joint  commission  liaving  thus  been  brought  to 
n  conchision,  it  luljourneil  siuc  die. 

In  accordance  with  an  estimate  of  the  chief  astronomer  of  the  United 
States  conmiission,  made  immediately  preceding  the  opening  session  of  tho 
present  Congress,  the  Department  was  informed  that  the  oflice-work  of  tho 
conmiission  would  be  completed  at  the  close  of  tho  present  fiscal  year, 
and  that  a  balance  of  tho  ai)pro))riation,  amounting  t  >  815,000,  would 
probably  remain  unexpended.  This  contemplated  result  .low  accom- 
lilished,  and  is  in  a  great  measure  due  to  tho  ability  and  caieu.  .vigo- 
ment  of  Major  Twining,  who  has  had  innnediate  charge  of  the  surve^y  ." 
tlie  boundary-line,  and  to  his  assistants.  Captain  Gregory  and  Lieutenant 
Greene,  United  States  Engineers,  who  have  most  efficiently  and  zealously 
discharged  the  duties  which  devolved  upon  them. 

Mr.  James  E.  IJangs,  the  secretary  of  the  commission,  who  Ins  been 
immediately  under  my  charge,  has  performed  with  fidelity  and  .-iccuracy 
the  various  duties  j)ertainiiig  to  his  position,  and  particulul\'  chose  con- 
nected with  the  disbursement  of  the  funds  appropriated  for  the  expenses  of 
tho  commission. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  Depart- 
ment to  the  report  of  Dr.  lOlliott  Cones,  the  surgeon  and  naturalist  of  tho 
commission,  whose  eminent  abilit}-  in  the  latter  jjosition  has  placed  him 


HFJ'OIfT  OF  TIIK  COMMiaHIONFMf. 


88 


luiHtn^jr  tlio  most  (listin^-iiislicd  of  tlioso  who  Imvo  di'voted  tliciusi'lvcs  f(»  tliiH 
l)rnii('li  of  Hcioncc. 

I  liiivo  tlio  lioi  or  to  be,  voiy  rosiK't'tfiilly,  your  nlicdicnt  servant, 

AJJCIIIHAI.I)  CA.MI'HKI.h, 
Commhsioiinr  Northern  lioitudnrjj  Surrey. 
Hon.  IlAMii/roN  Fish, 

Sccrcturi)  of  Slntv, 


N   B- 


34 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARV  COMMISSION. 


LIST  OFTHK  ASTKONOMICAL  STATIONS  OBSERVED  BY  THE  JOIMT  COMMISSION  FOR  THE 
DETERMINATION  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  BOUNDARY -LINE  FROM  THE  NORTHWEST 
ANGLE  OF  THE  LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS  TO  THE  KOCKY  MOUNTAINS. 


No. 


3 
4 

5 

r> 

7 
H 
U 
10 
11 
I'i 
13 
14 
15 
10 
17 
18 
19 
•JO 
21 
Ui 

as 

24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
2Vt 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
M 
37 

il't 
4' 
41 


Niinio  of  the  nKtrononiical  station. 


Distance  from 

Lak«of  tliu 
Woods  Htatioii. 


North  went  aiiRlo 

Lake  of  the  WowU  (joint) 

Pino  River — 

West  RoHean  Ri<l(;e 

Red  River  (joint )  

Point  de  Michel  (joint) 

Pnnihina  Monntain,  east  (joint) 

Pembina  Monntain,  we»t 

Long  River 

Sleepy  Hollow 

Tnrtlo  Mountain,  east 

Turtle  Mountain,  west 

First  Souris  (or  Mouse  River) 

South  Antler 

Second  Souris  (or  Mouse  River) , 

United  States  No.  8  Astrono:uieal  Station 

Short  t  reek 

Third  Mouse  River 

Grand  Coteau 

Mid  Coteau 

Big  Muddy 

Bully  Spriug 

Poplar  River 

West  Poplar 

Little  Rocky 

Kreuchnuin's  Creek 

Cottonwood  Could 

Pool  on  Prairie .. 

Near  Goose  Luke 

llast  Fork 

West  Fork 

Milk  River  Lake  

Milk  River 

East  Butte 

West  Butto 

Red  Creek 

Secoud  Milk  River  (or  south  liraneh) 

North  hranch  Milk  River 

Rocky  Mountains 

Kelly  River 

Chief  Mountain  Lake 

Akamina 


^Wi7c».  Liiika. 


0 

111 

U8 

88 

108 

124 

13;-i 

l(i5 

183 

203 

a;'8 

258 
2Sl 
303 
3i'. 
343 
X>i) 
377 
400 
42ti 
451 
473 
4SHi 
.'■>22 
550 
507 
588 
()15 
042 
t>55 
tw7 
702 
723 
73'.l 
700 
785 
804 
825 
830 
MO 
853 


0 
7205 
1283 
4930 
.59t!J 
0002 
0307 
1305 
3911 
7729 
1510 
(1744 
19/5 
7150 
384(i 
289a 
3254 
2977 
4925 
5035 
1841 
3454 
(>900 
4712 
0740 
3881 
1931 
32112 
0218 
23,57 
02-1 
30'.':  i 
03f3 
.5770 
3100 
0J79 
3301 
0138 
3385 
0240 
2.29 


Longitude  west 
of  Greenwich. 


Remarks. 


95 

!Hi 
97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 

lot; 

107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 

113 

114 


01. 
51. 
51. 
25. 
33. 
00. 
52. 
02. 
04. 
13. 
29. 
03. 
50. 
25. 
00. 
11. 
53. 
34, 
53, 
21. 
39. 
34. 
31. 
4^. 
4.5. 
09. 
59. 
27. 
38. 
19. 
4li. 
02. 
02. 
19. 
,50. 
25. 
35. 
39. 
19. 
50. 


39.7     Lat.  49- 82' 19".  137. 


Oliserved  by  the  joint 
oomniission,  1801. 


W.  .1.  TWliVINC, 
Captain  of  Kugineern,  riiitvd  Stales  thief  A/itronomer. 

ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL, 
United  iS/«((«  Commiaaioiier,  May  29,  1870. 

S.  ANDERSON, 
(Captain  Itoyal  Emjintnii,  British  Chief  Astronomer. 

D.  R.  CAMERON, 
Major  Royal  Artillery,  Her  Britannic  ilojesly's  Commissioner,  itay  89,  1870. 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER. 


35 


LIST  OK  MONUMENTS  MAKKING  THE  INTEKNATIONAL  ItorXDAUY-l.INE  KROM  THE  NORTH- 
WEST ANGLE  or  THE  LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS  TO  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 


No  'I'.. — Tbe  azimutlm  ^ivuu  in  tliia  table  oi-o  calculated,  nntl  do  not  form  n  pert  ol'  the  ollioiul  .t;;rucMiii'Ut  of  tliu  conimiBHiouert*. 
MONUMENTS  MAUKINQ  DUE  SOUTH  LINE. 


11 

DUtaneo 

fioutti  ol' 

uortliweat 

point. 

Nature  or  luuiiuuiont. 

Lonfiitudo 

west  of 
Greenwich. 

Aziuiutll. 

1.1 

11 

Azimuth. 

li 

O   3 

H  = 

Kemorka. 

Xilei.  Link 

0  0 

1  30-1 
1     7001 

S    9797 
3    MM 

5  094.'! 

6  In&i 

7  4J51 

0    /        '. 
93  08  57.  7 

05  03  57.  7 
95  08  57.  7 

95  08  !•^.  7 
05  08  57.  7 
95  08  57.  7 
95  OS  57.  7 
95  08  57.  7 

0     / 

0        ' 

Northwest  point  in  Hwauip.     Lati. 

tuilo  490  23'  iiO".;!. 
Latitude  49=  'W  ■.\f"M. 
Latitude  49^  -ii'  i->".ti  north  of  Dnw- 

8on  road. 
T.ati1ude  49°  81'  47".8. 

1 
s 

Iron  pillar 

do 

do 

00  00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

0 

3 

4 
5 
ti 

180  00 
00 

on 

00 
00 

no 

160  00 

a 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 

4 

5 

6 

do 

do 

Cii-anite  cairn 

Latitude  4!P  '.W  .'iO".4. 
Ijvtitndo  49^  lif  21  ".6. 
Latitude  490  |B'S.V'.4. 

MONUMENTS  FROM  LAKE  OV  THE  WOODS  WESTWARD. 


fg      Dialanco 
*  p'froiu  Lalci'o; 
go    the  Woods. 

«    I 


1 

a 

3 
4 

5 
6 
1 
8 
0 

in 
11 
19 
13 
14 

15 

111 
17 
)8 
19 
!iO 
SI 
!» 

a3 

S4 

sii 
a7 

ao 

30 

?.\ 

38 
33 
34 
33 
36 
37 


MUet  Links 
0       0 


3 
5 
U 
13 
IS 
17 


IS  20S0 

ai 

84  1.54S 

85  t>804 
89 

30 

38  Sl.'>4 

.33  40:m 

3 :  41130 

35  493G 

3li  4930 

37  4930 

38  40311 

39  4930 

40  4930 

41  4!l3ll 
4i!  5.-d9 

43  4930 

44  5.'dU 

45  4930 
40  .Vil9 

47  49.W 

48  55 1 '.I 

49  40313 

50  5319 

51  4931! 

53  S.'d'.l 
5:1  4930 

54  r>.-)19 
53  5519 


<I  5319 

M  5019 

59  5319 

fiO  5519 

61  .5319 

08  5519 


Nature  of  ■nonnniont. 


Stone  cairn,  74' x  8' 


14' 


Earth  mound,  7' 

do  

Iron  pillar 

Earth  mound,  7'x  14' 

do    

Ir<in  pilhir 

Earth  mound,  7' x  14' 

Iron  pillar 

Karth  mound,  7'xl4' 

Iron  i:illar 

Earth  mouutl,  7'  x  14' 

do 

do 


Karth-mound,  10' ; 

Timber 

do 


do 

d.) 

do 

do 

do 

d> 

Iron  pillar 

Karth  monnd,  10' xG' 

Iron  pillar 

Eartli  monnil,  10' xt!' 

Iron  pillar 

Earth  luonnd,  10'  x  0' 

Iron  pillar 

Earth  mound,  WxO' 

IrtHi  pillar 

Eartli  mound,  10'  x  0'  . 

In.ti  pillar 

Karth  mound,  10' xO' 

IrunplU'ir 

do 


dc  . 

do  . 

do  . 

do  . 

do  . 

do 

do 


LonRiliide 

we^l 

"1 

Greenwich. 

o     < 

" 

1.3  16  5.3.  3  1 

80 

5i  8 

2;i 

31.  1 

28 

47.8 

38 

4.3.  4 

30 

48.9 

39 

81.  8 

41 

01.0 

U 

37.9 

43 

50.  R 

51 

0.'.0 

!i5 

11.3 

,W 

311.  3 

go  00  00     1 

01 

10.9 

08 

L'H.O 

03 

5.3.  a 

03 

14.4 

00 

3.^  C 

07 

:.'.  7 

09 

11.9 

10  31.1  1 

11 

50. 8 

13 

1,3.8 

14 

as,  3 

13 

51.0 

17  Oti.  0  1 

I« 

31.9 

19  43.  3  1 

ai 

10,3 

as 

3.1.0 

a:i  4".  0  1 

a.' 

IfJ.  0 

80 

87.0  1 

8i 

40.  3  1 

81  0.-1.  3 

30  ai.  5 

31 

43,7 

33  08. 8  1 

31 

88.  0  1 

33  41.  a  1 

37 

00,  1 

38 
39 

19,3 
38,7 

Azimuth. 


90  06 
07 
00 
OO 
00 
07 
08 
07 
00 
07 
07 
07 
03 

00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
■10 
Oo 
0:1 
O'l 
01 

00 

69  .39 
.39 
.39 

90  00 
00 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 


Azimnth. 


lieninrks. 


270  09 

09 
10 
09 
00 
09 
08 
09 
09 
09 
09 
09 
07 
01 

01 
01 
Ot 
01 
01 
01 
01 
ol 
01 
01 
03 
01 
03 

m 

01 
03 
08 
03 
08 
03 
03 
03 
Oj 


a  I  Lake  of  the  Woodh  astronomical 
i      (it.atio;i. 

4  I 


•I 


K:i'.t  of  northcaat  Roaean  croBninf;. 


On  ItidKC. 

At  I'Ine  Itiver. 

^liirkiuKeaHtern  iHoindarr  of  Manl* 
t<iba. 

In  (ireat  KoHeuu  Swaxup, 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Du. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Near4n.MI!ualatlon. 


Faat  of  Pointo  d'Orme. 

WtBt  of  Point  d'tlrmt".  Between 
".7  and  3-'  the  KoH(\iu  Uivt  r  at 
.'*oiul('  d'Ornm  rroHaea  the  lino 
t.'reo  tinios. 


¥» 


11     '! 


i'      J 


3 

n 


36 


UNITKD  STATES  NORTBilRN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


lAat  of  tie  monummls  marking  the  mternaltonal  boiindarii-liiie,  ,fc. — Continnod. 


b'i  Distance  I 
•g  31  fniiiiLaknof 
ill  iheWooda.   ] 

y>  \  I 


Nittiire  of  luoDiimeiit. 


45 
40 
47 

48 
4!t 
30 

ai 

S3 
54 
55 
58 
57 
5t) 
59 
CO 
fil 

f 
64 
05 
M 
67 

e« 

6» 
70 
71 
7a 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 

■u 

7» 
HO 
81 
83 

84 
M 

87 
88 
rtf 
90 
111 
18 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
93 
99 

ino 

101 
IDi 
1U3 
104 
105 
10« 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
llli 
113 
114 
115 
116 

117 

118 


Jflfc». 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
74 
73 
74 
75 
78 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
83 
83 

.!4 

83 
80 
87 
88 
88 
89 
90 
91 
DJt 
93 
04 
95 
96 
97 


ICO 
101 
103 

lo:i 

104 
105 
1U6 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
113 
113 
114 
115 
110 
117 
118 
119 
ISO 
131 
13S 
133 
134 
133 
K'6 
137 
133 
139 
i:io 
131 
133 
134 


Linkn. 
5319 
5319 
5519 
5519 
5519 
S5I9 
5519 
55|i> 
5519 
5519 
5-.19 
5519 
5349 
5.il9 
5919 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519  ' 
5ri9  1 
5510  . 
5319  . 
5519  . 
5519  1. 
49.ir  '. 
5519 
5519  I 
5519  '. 
5519  '. 
5919  I 
5519  ' 
5319  , 
5519  I 
5519  , 
5-19 
5.M9  I 
S.>19  i 
3519  ' 
5519 
5519 
5511 
55 1  i) 
5: 10 
551!) 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5319 

55;j  i 

6319  I 

5519 ; 

5519  I 
5519  i 
5519 
5519  'i 
5519  , 
5519  I 
5519  I 
5319  , 
5519  ' 
3519  ' 
3319 
5519 
3519 
3310 
3319 
5310 
IKM3 
3307 


Iron  pUlar . 

do 

do  .... 

ilo  .... 

ilo    ... 

do  .... 

no  . ... 

ilo    ... 

do... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

do... 

do.... 

do.... 

Ho  .... 

do.... 

do... 

do  .... 

do... 

do  .... 

ilo    ... 

ilo  .... 

do    ... 

do  .... 

do... 

do    ... 

do..   . 

do... 

ilo.... 

do.... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

do... 

do  .... 

do.... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

do... 

do... 

ilo  .... 

do  .... 

do  ..   . 

Ill)  .... 

do... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

Ilo 

do    ... 

do.... 

do.... 

do... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do  .... 

do    ... 

d>  ..   . 

il>  .... 

do... 

do  .    .. 

do  .... 

di>  .... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

do  ..  . 

....  do    ... 

do  .... 

do  .... 

do    ... 

do    ... 

do  .... 

do.... 


134    8519    do  . 

1.T5    5519  I do  . 


do 


11 

e  3 

Longitude 

Wilht  of 

Azinintb. 

OriMiuwii'li. 

H  •" 

0      1         II 

0    > 

96  40  .57. 9 

90  01 

44 

43  17.  1 

01 

43 

43  311. 3 

01 

411 

44  55.  4 

01 

47 

46  14.  U 

01 

43 

47  Xt.  8 

01 

41 

48  .VI.  9 

04 

.50 

M  U.  1 

04 

51 

51  31.3 

03 

53 

.'>3  50. 5 

04 

33 

34  09. « 

01 

34 

.'i5  3^.  H 

04 

33 

M  i".  0 

114 

.56 

M  01.3 

04 

.57 

.51  3li.  3 

04 

53 

97  00  45.  5 

01 

59 

03  01.7 

04 

f.O 

0 )  3.1. 1 

01 

111 

04  41.0 

04 

8J 

0(i  0.'.  3 

04 

63 

07  31.4 

01 

lil 

03  40.  (i 

01 

115 

01  51.  7 

04 

CO 

11  18.9 

04 

07 

13  38. 1 

04 

113 

13  51.3 

03 

119 

13  .-17.  3 

00 

70 

15  16.4 

00 

71 

111  M.'i.  II 

00 

73 

17  51.8 

00 

73 

'.1  14.0 

00 

74 

30  33.  1 

00 

75 

31  53.  3 

00 

711 

3:1  11  3 

00 

77 

34  30.  7 

00 

73 

35  41.  3 

10 

71 

37  01.  0 

no 

30 

33  Sri.  3 

00 

31 

31  47. 1 

00 

33 

31  Oli.  5 

00 

33 

;i3  3.-..  T 

00 

31 

33   14. 1 

1:0 

35 

35  04.  1 

01 

.11) 

;ilj  33.  3 

00 

87 

37  43.  4 

00 

81 

39  01.11 

00 

39 

40  30.  >* 

00 

!I0 

41  3'.  9 

89  .57 

91 

■.-'  K).  I 

57 

93 

44  13.3 

.57 

91 

43  37.  5 

37 

94 

46  50. 6 

.57 

t5 

43  3:1.  7 

37 

90 

49  3.5. 11 

37 

97 

.50  54.  1 

57 

9H 

.53  13.3 

,57 

99 

.53  33.  5 

37 

100 

.54  51.7 

57 

101 

58  10. 1 

37 

103 

57  30. 1) 

36 

103 

33  41.  3 

.56 

104 

93  CO  08.  4 

3I1 

105 

01  37.  0 

53 

108 

03  40.  7 

54 

107 

04  O.-i.  9 

51 

103 

05  3.5.  1 

.53 

101 

06  41.3 

51 

110 

03  03.  4 

51 

111 

01  33  li 

54 

113 

10  41.3 

.53 

113 

13  Oli.  5 

54 

114 

14  07.3 

SO  00 

115 

14  31.3 

00 

118 

15  53,  5 

00 

117 

17  17.  11 

(•O  .53 

113 

370  03 
03 
03 
03 
05 
05 
05 
04 
05 
05 
05 
05 
05 
03 
05 
05 
01 
Oi 
05 
05 
05 
05 
05 
05 
05 
00 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 

111 

01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
01 
811  53 
Tf* 
,53 
,53 
53 
53 
,58 
53 
58 
.58 
5b 
53 
57 
57 
,57 
.58 


55 
54 
51 
.54 
55 
370  00 
00 

00 
3(19  ,51 


Remarks. 


East  of  Rnnenu  Rldse. 
WoHt  of  KoHoau  KiilfE^' 


West  barik  of  Joo  Riror. 


EaHt  of  Rotl  River. 

KimI  River  astroiioQiical  Btation. 


Miirais  River. 

ManitobA  principal  meridian. 


CintntH.  or  Polnte  Michel. 


B.iMe  of  Ponibinf\  Monntnin. 


Nonr  wcBt  bnnk  of  rombina  Rivor. 
I'op   of   ridj!t>    went    nf    Poinbliio 
River. 

Xear  Unlteil   Rtaton  natronomtcA] 
HlatioD  No.  4. 


UEPOKT  OF  TUE  OOMMISSIONEU. 


37 


List  of  the  monumenia  tiiarkiiig  the  iiitcriialioiiiil  lioiimlnrn-liin;  .t'c. — C'oiitiiiiieil. 


fea'     Distance 
■=  g  j  from  l.iiko  of 
la    tbo  Woodii. 


3fit«. 

I'M 

i;n 

m 

i;w 

l-ii 

i;)ii 

va 

140 

Kl 

141 

l'J5 

14J 

1-M 

14a 

l■i^ 

144 

1-2H 

M3 

lau 

146 

tail 

147 

i;<i 

148 

i;iu 

149 

i.t:) 

IM 

i:i4 

151 

1:1:1 

iri3 

i:iii 

IXl 

i:i7 

154 

l:w 

155 

i;iu 

15(i 

140 

157 

141 

158 

14.! 

159 

I4;i 

ino 

144 

101 

14,'i 

l(id 

14li 

ua 

147 

1l!4 

14rt 

l(i3 

14!) 

Hill 

l.VI 

lti7 

IKI 

lliH 

15-j 

1(19 

IKt 

lci9 

134 

170 

is:. 

171) 

ISli 

nj 

l.-)7 

175 

13H 

170 

15!( 

178 

W> 

IfO 

IBl 

183 

16J 

1<-J 

i(;:t 

lr6 

llil 

m 

IH1 

191 

r  i 

19.-. 

i"  ■ 

WS 

It 

■H){ 

iw 

293 

1-4 
It' 
1-16 
177 
Hn 
179 

leo 


18! 
l83 

184 
18.1 
18(i 
187 
18<< 

1-9 

l!10 


■.,110 
.'■i 

1118 

Hi 

ij) 

8;i;i 

ii35 


Liitkn- 
5519 
5519 
551H 
5519 
55 1 U 
5519 
551!) 
5519 
551!) 
STil'J 
55 1 » 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
UI9 
5519 
.•■519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
5519 
S519 
5519 
5519 
5.-1I9 
5519 

oiao 

5519 

6519 

0998 

7154 

700v! 

5485 

6527 

7412 

1414  I 

3911 

3911 

1-AJ8 

5717 

127J 

3911 

7J11 

77i9 

7729 
5582 
7729 
!99« 
.■'<e9 


Natiiro  of  mouuiuent. 


7245 

■^^l^- 

8600 


237  0908 

243  1114 

217  0)149 

241)  :iu:lil 

2.'i2  5890 

2:.5  2940 

250  3880 

258  U74I 


2(11 

2117 
211) 
273 


Iron  plll.ir 

do 

do 

ilo 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

dii 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

, do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

....  do  

do 

ilo 

do 

, do 

do 

do 

do 

Slono  cairn,  13' x  7'*  .. 

do- 

do* 

Stone  Ci»im,  ID'  x  0'*  . . 

Earth  moiiod,  10' x  7'* 
do-  

Earth  monnrt,  10'  x  5'* . 

Earth  mouud,  9'  x  0'*  . 

ilo* 

do* 

do* 

do" 


Longitude 

Wt'ht  of 

Greenwich. 


0744 
0741 
0744  1 
0744  I 
0744  ' 


do* 

do* 

Earth  ii.oiind,  14'  x  C  * 

do' 

do*         

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do 

Earth  mouud.  9' X  0"  . 
do* 

Stone  calm,  10' X  7"  .. 
do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

Earth  niountl,  8'  x.'i"  .. 

Stone,  10' X  7'" 

Enrth  inouud,  .V  x  8'*  . . 

. . .    do* 

.   .     ilo'        .   . 

(hi* 

do* 

do' 

08  18  30. 8 

19  5*1. 0 
Ql  1.1.2 

82  34.  4 
21  Xl.  5 

25  12.7 

20  31.9 
27  51.  1 
2!)  10.2 

30  99.  4 

31  48.0 
3;i  07.  8 

34  8(1. 0 

35  411.  I 

37  0,-).  3 

38  24.  5 

39  4:1.  0 

41  02.  8 

42  22.  0 

43  41.  1 
45  00. 3 
*R  19.  .1 

47  38. 7 

48  57. 9 
50  17.0 
81  36.8 
52  -i.'!.  4 

54  14.0 

55  33. 7 
SO  .52.  9 
.58  12  1 
.59  31.3 

99  00  Oil.  U 
00  50.  4 
02  09. 0 
02  24. 2 
05  04. 2 

09  Oil.  7 

10  04. 3 
18  s:i.  0 
15  40.  1 

18  ;t8.3 

19  03.0 

83  00.  5 

26  31.5 
89  54. 8 
34  87. 0 

38  M.n 

43  87. 7 

40  01. 8 

50  01.8 

a.\  .'18. 11 
57  .111.  •• 

100  (Kl  .'.7.  II 
O.-i  .M.'.l 
oil  41.11 
13  411.  !l 
17  32.0 
80  18.  0 
8.-.  0.1.  5 

27  27.7 

.)0  -18.7 

37  4.1.8 

42  .17. !) 

4.1  .19. !) 

.50  2.1,  7 

.5:1  51.0 

5.1  22,  4 

57  2',i,  ,- 

101  (II  27,3 
11,1  21  " 
09  2'.'.  3 
l;l  l!l.  9 
17  17  4 


I  3'^ 
Azimuth.  |.| 


89  57 
.57 
58 
57 
57 
,17 
!)7 
57  i 

57 1 

57 

.57 

57 1 

•'■'■' 
57 
57 


57 1 
.57  i 

,'>7 
57 
,57 


57 
.57 
58 
57 
54 
M 
,14 
.'■4 
54 
,54 
54 
54 
54 
52 
S3 
54 
.53 
."U 
.53 
54 
54 
54 
53 
53 
5J 
54 

90  01 
01 
Ul 
02 
01 
01 
0: 
01 
Ul 

no 

01 
Ul 

01 

01 

Ul 
02 
02 
02 

B9  57 
.17 

57  i 


— 

=  i- 

Azimuth 

C^s 

!"  ■*  1 

0     t 

309  58 

131 

59 

122 

58 

12;) 

58 

124 

.58 

IS5 

68 

liO 

58 

127 

58 

128 

58 

12!) 

.IS 

130 

58 

131 

5.8 

133 

58 

133 

58 

131 

,18 

135 

58 

136  1 

58 

137 

58 

138 : 

58 

i:i!i  1 

,18 

14) 

58 

141   1 

58 

112 

,58 

141 

,1^ 

144 

.18 

145 

.1(1 

140 

,18 

147 

57 

148 

,1.1 

149 

.1.1 

1.10 

1.11 

55 

1.12 

54 

1.13 

.15 

1.14 

5.1 

1.16 

.55 

1.17 

54 

1.18 

.Kl 

1.19 

.1.1 

ICO 

55 

161 

51 

162 

.1(1 

163 

5(1 

164 

5(1 

Mil 

57 

IliO 

57 

167 

5) 

108 

50 

169 

270  04 

170 

04 

171  1 

U4 

172 

01 

113' 

0.1 

174  ' 

04 

175  I 

01 

170  1 

04 

177  1 

04 

178 

03 

179 

03 

180 

UJ 

l8l 

05 

l82 

0.1 

183 

04 

184 

04 

|8j 

ni 

IMi 

U3 

187 

03 

lf'8 

00 

189 

(10 

190 

(11 

191 

(10 

192 

00 

I9;i 

on 

194 

2t(-!itaiks, 


Ennt  bank  of  Inrue  rouI6. 


\ear  cotilt',  r.int  linnk. 


Nvar  croAsing  of  Ilairnroed  trail. 


Wi'Hturu  btmiiiliiry  (if  Mniiitolia. 


Sleepy  Ilnlliiw  list  I  niiominilHlat  ion. 


I  Tiiiilt'    Moiuitaiii,  ciwt,  nHtniiKim- 
icul  slatiiu. 


EhhI  Hluircof  Hmithlarv  Lake. 
IIIkIi  ri(l^t>  onM  nl  Siininiit  Lake 
On  H!ti|)B  ot  Tiii'il*'  MiMuitaii),  uiiil 

uiitHidoof  tiruhii". 
Kant  n(  Tnilti-  Mtiiiiitaiii,  wi'Nt  as- 

troiiomicul  Htutinii. 


First  (Ti>H,>»!iiy  or  Mmiso  Ilivi'i    on 
«*AMl  baiiK,HHiroiiuiiili:al  ttiatiiru 


Itiuhl  hunk  nrSMiilh  .VtiOit  < 'ri  fk. 
l.i'K  bunk  ol  SiHitb  Anilt'i  Cni-k- 


i 

: 


I 


88 


J  3 

Sf. 


194 

IDS 
196 
197 
198 
199 
800 
«)1 
SOS 
S03 
S04 


806 
807 
808 
809 
810 
811 
SH 
913 
814 
813 
SIO 
i.'17 
818 
8ID 

220 
221 
222 

283 
824 
225 
226 
227 
828 
8J9 

8ao 

831 
232 
8^13 
834 
835 
830 
837 
838 
8:19 
8J0 
841 
243 
243 
814 
245 
846 
247 
21S 
249 

a.")0 

S'll 
852 
853 
8.' 4 
855 

856 
857 

'£■'■' 
259 
8110 

ati 

202 

26;i 

864 
1(65 


UNITED  STATES  NORTQERN  BOUNDARY  COMVIISSION. 


List  of  the  monumcnU  tnorking  the  international  houndary-line,  <f'C. — Coutinned. 


Distance 
from  Lnkeof 
the  Woods. 


Xaturo  of  raonumeDt. 


Mitet.  Linlci. 

876  0744 

879  0744 

881  1973 

883  3146 

286  0448 

888  5976 

291  0514 

2<.I4  7699 

297  8521 

3011  1250 

Wt  5152 

303  7150 

306  7150 

309  7150 
312  7678 
315  7150 
319  0398 
321  7150 
325  3840 
329  7^4 
331  5980 
334  511.7 
337  1260 
34U  1291 

342  8814 

343  8892 

310  0472 
349  2410 
352  4392 

356  0770 

359  3254 

301  7908 

304  :io<w 
309  0330 
372  4136 
374  5825 
377  2977 

379  7417 

382  4013 

385  11^90 

388  0377 

392  4139 

395  44ti2 

398  0211 

4U0  4925 

403  2.192 

405  5407 

407  0900 

■10  41-110 

413  3075 

417  2411 

421  2177 

424  0941 

420  5035 

429  41138 

432  1370 

435  3035 

437  1489 

440  7l.'i2 

444  .5081 

447  .5311 

451  1841 

451  4321 

4.54  4.541 


457 
400 


i374 
.5811 


404  4li32 

407  4826 

472  ()-|2 

473  3454 
476  34.54 
479  3332 


Earth  mound,  .5'  x  8'*  . 

do* 

Stone  eaim,  10'  x  5"  . . 
Stcneoairu.  15' x  6'*  . . 

do' 

Earth  mound,  1.5'  x  c* 
Stone  fjiirn.  15'x6'*  . . 
Earth  mound,  12'  x  6'* 

do* 

Stono  rnirn.  12'  x  0"  . . 
do* 


Earth  mound,  .V  x  b". 


do" 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

ilo' 

Rnrth  mound,  U'  x  6" 

Stone.  8'  xO" 

Earth  nionntl,  14'  x  (,'• 

Stonr.  8'x(;'* 

Earth  mound.  10' x  5'* 

Shine,  lU'x.V* 

Earth  mound,  13' xO'* 
Eanh  luouud,  9'xO'*  . 


Earth  mound, 

do* 

do* 


'xO'* 


do* 

S'ono,  12' X  5* 

Earth  mound,  18'  x  8'* 

do" 

Eaith  mount),  1<>'  x  6'* 

do- 

Store,  12'  X  7'* 

Eanh  mound,  12' x  6'* 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Earth  mound,  10' x 5' 

do 

St  ne.  l(,'xr>' 

do 

Eanh,  10'x5' , 

do 

do    

Stone,  10'  X  .V 


.ilo  . 


«0'. 


Eartll.  14'  ■ 

do 

Eartll  mound,  14': 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Stono,  12' xO' 

Stuno,  10'  X  5' 


do 

Earth  mound,  10'  > 
do    


do. 
.do. 
.do  . 

do 


Longitude 

west  of 
Greenwich. 


Etu*:  h  luouud,  14'  X  6' . 

do 

do 


101  31  14.9 

25  12.  4 

28  03.9 

30  .52. 9 
34  a).  7 

37  50.8 
41  00.2 

46  0.''.  9 
49  1.5.  1 

53  00.  1 
M  57. 0 

57  56. 0 

102  01  53.6 
05  51. 1 
09  5:1. 6 

13  40. 1 
17  56. 0 

81  41.  S 

26  85.  8 
32  10.  0 
34  41.4 

38  30. 8 
41  49.7 
45  47. 5 
43  41).  9 
59  00.  9 

!U  34.  4 

.57  51.  I 

103  02  O.-".  3 

00  49. 1 

11  11.2 

14  35.  7 

17  51.2 
83  54. 1 

28  29. 3 

31  21.3 
34  .53.7 

38  10.0 
41  3'J.8 
45  10.  4 
49  58. 2 

54  52. 8 
.58  .53.  5 

104  03  08.  6 
05  31.0 
09  00.  4 

12  14.  0 

15  08.  4 

18  4.5  5 

82  31).  0 

27  3"..  0 

32  49.  4 
36  31.  7 

39  53. 6 
43  5U.  2 

47  12.  4 
51  20.4 
.53  49.  4 

58  43. 0 

105  03  39.  2 
07  39. 0 
12  21.  4 

12  4.5.9 

16  4.5.  6 
20  50. 3 
24  .53.  5 

29  58.3 
3:1  .57.  7 
39  .53.  1 
41  39.3 
45  311.  7 
49  *>.  0 


Azimotii.;  il 

S 
o  3 
Ha 


89  57 
57 
.58 
52 
52 
.52 
52 
52 
.52 
SI 
51 

47 

58 
5i 
.58 
57 
.57 
.57 
57 

90  01 
06 
05 
05 


05  I  216 
0«  !  217 

06  I  218 


I  59  222 

.59  223 

.56  I  224 

.57  1  225 


65 
56 
57 
56 

90  06 
06 
Oli 
06 
06 


00  :  23; 

00  I  236 
07  1  237 
1  49  238 
49  ;  2.39 
49  240 


49 

49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
90  02 
02 
02 
02 
01 
00 
00 
00 

05 


04 

03  ! 
04 
03  ■ 
04 

89  54 
54 


257 
I  2.58 
2.59 
200 
201 
202 
203 
2tU 


Azimuth. 


370  00 
370  00 
369  55 
54 
65 
.55 
53 
55 
5'J 
56 
49 

870 


a  I 

11 

s  a 
HO 


I 


Remarks. 


0. 
01 

01 

2U, 

01 

21U 

00 

211 

01 

213 

08 

213 

08 

214 

08 

315 

08 

316 

0-1 

317 

08 

218 

07 

219 

03 

220 

03 

921 

<3 

222 

03 

2i>J 

03 

924 

869  .59 

225 

269  69 

226 

870  00 

227 

870  00 

228 

809  59 

229 

8li9  59 

3:10 

870  09 

2:11 

09 

2:12 

09 

2:1:1 

09 

2:14 

09 

2:15 

09 

2;io 

09 

237 

08 

238 

S69  52 

2:19 

52 

240  1 

52 

241 

52 

242  I 

.52 

24:1 

52 

244 

52 

245 

52 

240 

52 

347 

370  05 

248 

05 

249  1 

05 

2.50 

04 

251 

05 

2.52 

04 

2.->3 

03 

254 

03 

253 

06 

2,-i6 

07 

9.57 

07 

258 

07 

2..9 

07 

200 

07 

201  ; 

07 

202  1 

00 

211:1  ' 

269  57 

204  1 

.57 

263 

57 

2(W  i 

Ou  piMiriu  noar  South  AntlerCreck 


East  hank  of  Mouse  River,  neai 

road. 
Se'-md     erossinix    Mouse     Rircr 
'Tiinomlcnl  station. 


.'UiviftreilpH  Lacs. 
•L  cf  Kividre  lieu  Lacs. 


AritroDoraical  statioD. 


Eostbankof  conl<^. 
EiHt  bank  Slmrt  Creek. 
Brilish  asironomical  station,  Shnn 
CnMJk,  west  bank. 

!N^oar  Half-Breed  road,  east  bank 

of  Mduse  Uivpr. 
Wepl  of  Muusu  Kivor. 
T'  .-d  Motiso  nttronomical  station. 

East  of  Monae  lliver. 
^^'eBt  o(  MouHe  Uivcr. 


Grand  Cott  ail  Hstromtuitcal  station, 
bnao  of  Coteau, 


Mid  Cote^iu  astronouiioal  station. 


East  side  of  larae  ctmU. 
West  f«ido  ol  largo  tDut6. 


Ui^  Muddy  astronomical  station. 

Eist  of  Pynmiid  Crook. 

On  wt'Ht  Idnlf  i'.vraniid  C'rt'ok. 

East  of  liig  Mtiddv  River. 
West  of  llig  MiH'.dy  itiver. 

Rullv  Sprins,  United  8lat«s  astro 
uoudcal  station  No.  II. 


In  a  broad  valley. 

In  valley  of  I'opt  r  River. 
Toplur  RivL-ratitroDuniioalitatiun 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER. 


39 


Ual  of  the  moiiumenia  markvig  the  inlernationiil  hoHiidarn-UiK,  <fx'. — Continued. 


tl       Dintrtnco* 
•t  5    from  Lake  of 
g  i  :  the  Woods.  , 


JTalure  of  monnmcDt. 


Slid 
2li7 
aiiS 

aiio 

S71 
S7« 

an 
au 

815 
2711 
277 
27rt 
879 
280 
2-1 

283 
283 

2i?4 
SHS 
S8C 
887 
288 
SH9 
890 

991 
898 
29,1 
894 
29j 
89« 

297 
298 
299 
300 
301 
302 
303 

304 
305 
306 
307 
308 
309 
310 
311 

313 
313 
314 
31.i 
3111 
317 
318 

319 
320 

321 
322 
333 
324 
32S 

326 

327 
328 
.12il 
330 
XII 
332 


Mileg.  Links.  ' 

482  3454  Earth  mound,  14' «  6' ..' 

4fi  34.14  do I 

488  34.14  do I 

4!il  20.14  do ' 

494  3454  do I 

49«  0900  Stone,  IS'xO'* 


498  6881 
SOI  1299 
503    7391 


E.irth  mound,  18"  x  7'* 

do* 

do* 


..do*  

510    0170  I do* 

,111    1061     Stone.  10' xO'* 

do* 

Earth  monnd,  12' x  7" 

Stonf,  lO'xC'* 

E,vtb  monnd,  14'  x  6'* 


505    03.16    . 


SI4     12;19 
518    3641 


.120    7605 
522    4743 


.128 
531 
.■^34 
537 
541 
544 
,148 
550 

553 

557 
.160 
,163 
565 
567 

570 
573 
.176 
579 
5>'2 
.1H5 
588 

.191 
506 
oOfl 
601 
605 
608 
613 
615 

618 
621 
624 
627 
o;ifl 
033 
635 

6:19 
642 

643 
646 
649 
651 
655 


658  S:i.17 

661  2357 

664  2357 

667  2:1.17 


3103 
0704 
2323 
7643 
1010 
7704 
7513 
3375 
6740 

1007 
8460 
3708 
2270 
8:133 
3881 

3881 
3881 
3«81 
3881 
3?nl  : 
3881  ' 
l'J31  j 

6187  ! 
5787  1 
0-J3-I  1 
21f3  i 
67rtl  I 
6.193 
0:i78 
3202 

3202 
1085 
2737 
0.171 
4403 
4i!05 
44.19 

4147 
0218 

68.16 
2:195 
3001 
1113 
2337 


Stone,  WxO'* 

.....do*  

do*      

do* 

do* 

d,i' 

Earth  moniiil,  18'  x  6'* 

stone,  W  X  6'* 

do* 


670 
67:1 


2:1: 
2:117 


do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

Stone,  la-  X  6'* 

do't 

Stone,  W  X  6'» 

do't 

do* 

do-t 

do*l 

do* 


do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

Stone,  18'  X  6'* 

Stone,  10' X  6" 
do* 


.do* 
do* 

.d.." 


Stoni>  and  earth  monnd 
UY  X  6'*. 

Stone,  10' X  6" 

do* 


do" , 

do* 

do* 

Earth  mound.  18'  x  ?'• 
Stone,  10'x6"t 

do't 

do't 

dot... 

dn* 

dn'l 

do't 

Slono,  lO'xS" , 


105  .1:1  31.  8 
.17  39.  3 

106  01  26.8 
0.1  10.  5  I 
09  21.8 
13  34.3  ! 

15  11.9 
18  14.7  I 
80  34.3  I 

o;j  f).j_  [  I 
211  .III  I  : 
31  31.  1 

35  2:1.  4 
41  o;i.  9  I 

41  31.5: 
46  31.5  I 

.10  13.  8 
.13  47.3 
,1.-<  00. 1 

107  03  50.  :i 
05  43.3 
13  0.1. 1 

16  00.  8 
20  36.5 
23  48.  3 

26  51.  9 

33  30. 0 
,■16  29. 9 
40  1:1.2 

42  53.  1 
45  4.1.  8 

49  4:1.  4 

.1:1  40.9 

.17  ;i«.  4 

108  01  :).1.  9 
05  3:1.5 

09  31.0 
13  09.  3 

17  48.8 

34  80.  8 
37  3:1.  3 
31  21.0 

36  2 1.  :i 

40  Is.  9 
45  .1:1.  3 
4<  .Vl.  5 

53  .17.  0 
.16  :I3.  6 

109  01)  47.  5 

04  3:1.  6 
08  .19.0 
11  3:1.4 
15  3.1.  5 

20  49,  1 

21  07.  7 

26  33.  6 
29  46.  0 
33  39.  6 
36  09. 8 

41  38.2 

45  3.1.  7 
49  3:1. 3 
53  30.  7 
57  28. 8 
no  nl  2.1.8 

05  33.3 

10  19.5 


89  54 
54 
54 
54 
54 
54 


00 
1:0 
00 

89  ,19 

90  00 

89  ,19 

90  00 
00 
00 

04 
01 
04 
04 
05 
05 

89  .17 
57 
.17 
57 
57 

57 

.15 
54 


90  08 
08 
08 
118 
08 
1.8 
08 

08 
08 

89  51 
51 
.10 
51 
50 

.14 


267  ' 

268  : 

869  . 

870  I 


90  05  871 

05  1  272  i 


05 

374 

04 

275 

05 

376 

05 

277 

04 

278 

05 

879 

05 

880 

Sfl9  .17  267 
57  268 
.16  209 
57  ;  270 
56  1  271 

870  07  I  872 

07  I  273 
07  ;  374 

07  I  373 

08  276 

07  i  277 

08  !  278 
OS  I  279 
07  280 
07  281 
03  '  283 

02  38;i 

03  !  284 
0:1  i  3"5 
03  I  386 
03  '  387 
0:1  '  381 

289 
290 
2111 


0:1 
03 
07 

08 
07 
07 
07 
07 
00 

00 
Oil 
Oil 
00 
00 
00 
269  58 

.19 

58 

58 


.'8 

5-1 

270  11 

II 

II 
II 
II 
10 

II 
II 

It 

269  .'kl 
.13 

r>:i 
5:1 

54 


Kemarks. 


We«t    Poplar  River    aj^tn>nomical 
til  at  ion. 


On   edge  of    wewt  lirnnch   Popl.ir 
Rlvor. 


East  of  Mtlle  Roi'kv  Creek. 
Little  Rm-ky  Un^ek  antronomical 
Htation;  weat  of  creek. 


On  eaM  Idiltfid'  Frenrhnuiii's  Lreek. 

On  weuthlnfl'of  Frenchnian'sCreeli. 
Fri'iiehniairt)    Cri'i'k    UHtroiiomical 

HtatioD. 
Kear  li'ke. 


Cottoiiwo.)d     coiiltS     astronomical 
Htation. 


On  west  bank  of  (.'ottonwooil  conlt'. 


Pool  on  Prairie  notronoDiical  Bta- 
tit>u. 


\i-ar   (lOOHe    Lake    netronomioul 
Htation. 


K.isl  FnrU  aNtronoiniCKl  Btdtion,  in 
river  liottom. 


West  Fork.  aRtnmomit-al  Htation,  in 
river  bottmn. 


Milk  River  Lake  .latronomioal  Hta- 
tion. 


«     ;■! 


i 


40 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTHEKN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Lint  of  the  monumeHia  marking  the  inttrnatioital  boundarg-litte,  tf-c. — Contiuiied. 


■3  . 

11 

DiHtance 
from  Lake  of 
the  Wuod8. 

N:<ture  of  monnment. 

LongUude 

west  of 
Greenwiok. 

Alimulh. 

o  B 
HO 

Ailmutb. 

1  1 

Remui'lu. 

333 

itiUt.  Linh. 
UeO    04U7 

683    1144 
683    5545 
•109    3677 
70S    3033 

703    7537 
708    3204 
711    3444 
714    2414 
717    7848 
7li0    5530 
723    0383 

726    4094 
7:I0    0573 
734    0724 
738    5383 
740    0197 
74.!    6392 
745    6377 
748    6768 
751    5770 
754    5770 
757    7324 
760    3160 
763    7188 

768    S493 
771    4208 
774    4353 
777    S061 
779    S675 
781    6772 
765    0279 

787    6221 
790    7610 
793    7613 
798    2305 
80.     3201 
804    3361 

807    6209 
111     8846 
813    0319 
817    7258 
8i0    4'"' 
624    31 
825    6138 

828    6483 
611    2(153 
836    33« 
846    0240 

853    S529 

Karth  nnil  atonf  mound, 
.    do*     

o      /      " 

110  14  19. 1 

16  aai 

21  43.0 
39  54. 9 
43  46.0 

48  28.1 
51  49.  8 
55  42  7 
69  30.0 

111  04  21.3 
07  56.1 
11  02.5 

13  36.  8 
20  18.6 
25  36.8 
31  39.  A 
33  26.6 
37  06.3 
41  03.  7 

43  0.5. 1 
48.52.7 
59  SO.  9 
.57  05. 1 

119  00  19.5 
04  56.8 

10  46.3 

15  01.4 
18.59.7 

22  34. 6 

23  19. 0 
28  37.9 

39  .50. 3 

36  97.5 

40  38. 7 

44  36.3 
,')0  19.  0 
54  26.0 
58  25. 1 

113  02  .''lO.  8 
07  34. 3 
19  26  0 

16  13.0 
19  45. 0 
84  .54.4 
86  3.5.3 

30  36.2 
33  59.9 
40  39. 0 
53  19.6 

114  02  rn.  ,"i 

O      1 

89  51 

51 
51 
50 
49 

43 
43 
43 
43 
43 
43 
50 

48 
48 
48 
48 
49 

90  22 
82 
22 
22 
82 
29 
22 

89  59 

58 
59 
59 

5; 

.59 

.58 
58 

S3 
55 
54 
53 
54 
54 

81 
SI 
51 

.52 
59 
51 
52 

42 
42 
41 

332 

333 
334 
335 
336 

3.18 
339 
340 
341 
342 
343 

344 
345 
346 
347 
348 
349 
350 
331 
339 
353 
3,54 
355 
356 

3.-)7 
358 
359 
.360 
361 
362 
363 

364 
365 
366 
;I67 
368 
369 

370 
371 
379 
373 
374 
373 
370 

377 
378 
379 

Q       / 

969  54 

SI 

55 
57 
46 

46 
46 
46 
46 
40 
51 
51 

SI 
SI 
S2 
50 
S70  95 
25 
8.-I 
85 
83 
85 
85 
Oi 
09 

02 
09 
09 
02 
03 
03 
361)  58 

S^ 
57 
.57 
,57 
.57 
55 

55 
55 
55 
54 
55 
.54 
43 

43 
46 

334 

335 
3:i6 

:il7 

338 

339 
340 
341 
349 
343 
344 
343 

346 
.347 
348 
349 

331 
332 
333 
X,i 
3S3 
3,'i6 
357 
358 

3.59 
360 
361 
362 
363 
.364 
365 

366 
367 
368 
369 
370 
371 

378 
373 
374 
373 
376 
377 
378 

.379 
380 

335 
338 
•117 

Stone,  10"  X  6" 

do' 

Stone,  Wxe**  

WeHt  of  Milk  River  .iHlronomicul 

338 

rnt 

Stone,  10' X  6" 

do* 

■Utiou. 
On  west  bank  largo  couKi. 

340 

do* 

341 

;m-7 

do' 

do* 

343 
344 

34,'i 

do* 

do* 

do* 

On  crest  of  spur. 

Moiinil  on  west  vlope  of  spur  of 
Bant  Butte. 

;<4(l 

do* 

347 

Stone,  10"  <  ■'* 

34H 

SU)ne.  14'  X  8'* 

Knot  of  West  Bnlte. 

340 

330 
331 
35a 

Stone,  10' X  6'*t 

do*t 

do't 

do*t 

Went  of  West  liu.te. 

Near  Creok. 

353 
354 

do't 

do*t 

355 

do't 

35<i 

<io* 

357 

35R 

do* 

do* 

Eiwt  of  Red  Creek,  near  Wboouap 
uall. 

35!l 

3(il 
3>i-) 

do* 

do* 

do* 

do* 

303 

do*           . .     . 

364 
•Ifil 

Stone,  19  X  6'* 

Stoiie,  10' X  6'*   

Antronomical  station  soiitli  branch 
Milk  River,  on  weat  bank. 

3rit> 

do* 

267 
3«f 

do* 

do* 

3m 

do* 

370 

.  ...do* 

Eaat.  blnff  north  brancli  of  Milk 

371 
37a 
371 

do* 

do* 

do*       

1  .ver,  aatronointv..!  station. 
On  Milk  River  Ridge. 
In  valley. 
On  bigb  ridge. 

374 

375 

.       ..do' 

do*     

East  of  Saint  Mary's  River. 
West  of  Saint  Marj'a  River. 

376 
377 

378 
379 
1W) 

.      ..do* 

o.oiiC,  12'x0"t 

8tone,I0'x6"t 

do* 

Stone  19'  X  6" 

Rocky  Mountain  njtrononiioal  stA- 
tiou,  near  lake 

Bcll.v  River  aatmnoniical  station. 

1AI 

Chief  MonnUiiu  Lake  aslrunoinicnl 

1t»? 

7'x6' 

station. 
Summit  of  Rocky  Monutaius. 



*  Indicates  that  nn  irou  tablet  was  biirieil  S  feet  deep  and  10  f^et  east  of  tbe  monamcnt ;  and  t  indicates  that  an  iron  tablet 
naa  borlod  also  In  tbe  center  of  the  moauineat. 

ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL. 

VniUd  States  Commuitiimer. 

D.  R.  CAilEKOX, 
Major  /i'.  A.,  Her  Jtritannic  Majetiiy'a  Commissioner,  May  99, 187C. 

W.  J.  TWINING. 
Captain  of  Engineers,  Vnited  States  Chief  Astronomer. 

S.  ANDERSON. 
Captain  lioyal  Engineers,  liriiish  Chief  Astronomer, 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


REPORTS 


CHIEF  ASTRONOMER  AND  HIS  ASSISTANTS. 


41 


fi 


UNITED   STATES   NORTHERN    BOUNDARY 

COMMISSION. 


Washington,  U.  C,  Fehrmry  14,  1877. 

Sir:  I  liave  the  honor  to  submit  my  final  report  as  chief  astronomer 
and  surveyor  of  the  northern  boundary. 

The  maps  and  records  of  the  commission  have  already  been  fowarded 
to  the  Department,  but  the  text  of  my  own  report  has  been  withheld  on 
account  of  a  delay  in  completing  some  computations  relating  to  the  decli- 
nations of  the  stars  used.  As  it  now  appears  that  the  work  cannot  be 
finished  before  the  23  d  of  the  present  month,  and  as  it  is  desirable  that  the 
records  should  be  completed  at  once,  I  send  my  report  to  you  herewith, 
and  will,  as  soon  as  practicable,  forward  to  the  Department  the  unfinished 
discussion  of  the  standard  places  of  fixed  stars,  as  an  appendix.  As  this 
work  forms  no  part  of  the  record  of  the  commission,  but  was  undertaken  as 
a  matter  of  scientific  interest,  I  can  now  inform  you  that  the  work  of  the 
commission  is  complete. 

The  subreports  of  the  officers,  and  a  complete  index  of  the  records, 
were  sent  to  the  Department  in  July  last. 

In  closing  my  connection  with  the  Northern  Boundary  Commission,  I 
desire  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the  kindly  courtesy  which  you  have 
always  extended  to  me  and  to  the  oflicers  under  my  command,  and  to  say 
that  it  is  a  source  of  gratification  to  know  that  my  labors  have  met  with 
your  constant  approval. 


43 


TTf 


44 


UNITED  STATES  NORTUEUN   BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


My  thanks  iiro  duo  to  Cupt,  J.  F.  Gregory  and  Lieiit.  F.  V.  Grcoiio, 
and  to  assistants  Lewis  Hoss,  C.  L.  Doolittle,  O.  S.  Wilson,  and  A.  Downing 
for  the  intelligent  !'nd  thorough  manner  in  which  they  have  peri'onnod  the 
duties  assigned  to  them.  *  »  «  «  « 

I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  J.  TWINING, 
Captain  of  EmjiHters,  Chwf  Astronomer. 

Abcuibald  Campukll,  Esq., 

Commissioner  of  the  Northern  Boundary. 


Washington,  February  IT),  1877. 
Sir:  In  compliance  with  the  request  of  Major  Twining,  United  States 
Engineers,  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  to  the  Department  his 
report  as  chief  astronomer  of  the  late  Northern  Boundary  Commission. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL, 
Late  Commissioner  Northern  Boundary  Survey. 

Hon.  Hamilton  Fish, 

Secretary  of  State. 


R  IC  F  O  R  T 


oi- 


CAPT.  W.  J.  TWINING, 

CO.™  OF  ,™,K„,„,  ,„,v,;t  ..„„„,  „.  ..  .„  „,„»  ,„„„Ko„,„  „„  „■„,„.„. 


REPORT. 


CHAPTER  1. 


GENERAL.  CHAHACTEKISTICS  OF  THE  COUNTRY 

Sir:  The  portion  of  the  continent  traversed  by  that  part  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  United  States  surveyed  by  this  commission,  has  heretofore 
been  little  known,  by  far  the  larger  part  being  unexplored.  Lying  off  the 
usual  lines  of  travel,  and  presenting  no  inducement  to  commercial  enter- 
prise, there  was  nothing  to  bring  its  actual  value  fairly  to  the  notice  of  the 
general  public,  while  the  rigor  of  the  climate,  the  lack  of  forest,  and  the 
distance  from  railway  conmmnication  effectually  checked  immigration. 

To  the  disadvantages  already  named  may  also  be  added  the  dangers 
of  Indian  warfare  and  the  destructive  incursions  of  grasshoppers.  The 
experience  of  the  British  settlements  along  the  Red  River  of  the  North, 
even  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  extending  through  nearly  seventy  years,  has  been 
one  of  almost  unprecedented  hardship,  degenerating  in  later  times  into  a 
mere  struggle  for  existence.  Cut  off  almost  entirely  from  communication 
with  the  outer  and  progressive  world,  the  forms  of  civilized  life  finally  gave 
way,  and  were  superseded  by  the  manners  of  a  nomadic  semi-barbarous 
people,  though,  even  in  this  stage  of  decay,  the  natural  politeness  of  a 
French  ancestry  and  the  teachings  of  a  foAv  pious  priests  of  the  Catholic 
Church  had  left  their  impress  on  the  succeeding  generations. 

The  peculiar  isolation  of  the  distant  regions  lying  about  the  Lakes 
Winnipeg  and  Manitoba,  and  the  ten-itory  drained  by  the  rivers  emptying 
into  these  vast  bodies  of  water,  is  due,  not  simply  to  distance  from  the 
centers  of  civilization,  for  their  distance  from  the  settled  portions  of  Canada, 
and  from  the  ocean  communication  by  the  Saint  Lawrence,  is  no  greater, 
and,  in  fact,  is  much  less,  than  that  of  many  of  the  Northwestern  States 

47 


TF 


f 


! 


^i^ 


48 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUN    BOUNDAUV  COMMISSION. 


and  Terntoiios  of  the  United  Stntes  from  their  respective  contei's  of  trade 
along  tlie  eastern  eoast.  Tlie  (lifl^K;lllt^•  has  been  in  the  singnlarly  iui])rae- 
ticalde  natnre  of  the  conntry,  and  of  the  water-routes  lyinj^  to  the  north- 
west of  Lake  Superior.  This  region  of  swamps  and  sterile  p.ine-lands  has 
ojiposed  an  effectual  barrier  to  connnunication  toward  the  Canadas,  and 
has  fiU'ced  the  traftic  of  these  remote*  settlements  to  fnid  an  outlet  th.rongh 
Minnesota,  and  thetico  to  the  seaboard. 

Within  the  last  few  years,  the  rapid  growth  of  the  great  States  of  the 
Northwest  has  given  an  impulse  to  the  more  distant  T(irritories  beyond,  so 
fhat  now  the  lines  of  settlement  are  stretching  our,  up  the  rich  valley  of 
the  Red  River,  and  rajiidly  extending  to  the  west,  along  tho  smaller  streams 
flowing  into  that  water-course.  Thus  a  better  knowledge  of  tlu*  resources 
of  the  great  Northwest  has  been  obtained  thmugh  the  slow  ])rogress  of 
actual  setth'ment. 

'!'he  survey  of  the  northern  bomidary,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to 
i!>  '•<»ck)  Mountains,  b}'  giving  the  results  of  (.irefui  examination  along  a 
ctmtinuous  liui,  has  already  contributed  lavgely  to  the  actual  knowledge 
necessary  to  fonn  a  correct  judgment  in  regard  to  the  resources  and  pnd)- 
able  future  of  a  vast  tract  of  country  which  was,  at  one  time,  classed,  by 
unthinking  and  careless  writers,  as  part  of  the  "Great  American  Desert," 
and  ii  few  years  later  "xalted  by  the  pame  ci.'s:;  of  authorities  into  some- 
thing' little  less  tl.an  a  tropii-al  paradise. 

Jt  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  interests  ot  the  Northwest  that  the 
(piestion  of  the  fertility  and  general  availability  for  settlement  of  the  region 
east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  comprising  the  nrrthern  part  of  Dakota  and 
Montana,  should  l)(i  definitely  settled  iii  (U'der  that  a  just  understanding  of 
the  climatic  conditions  and  otiier  considerations  may  induce  a  gradual  and 
healthful  innnigration.  It  is  useless  to  expect  to  find  repeated  in  these 
high  northern  latitudes  all  tlie  favorable  conditions  of  soil  and  climate  fomid 
in  the  Middle  States.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  not  well  to  exaggerate  the 
excellence  of  the  special  productionc  of  the  norther.i  lands,  since  the  fictual 
facts  are  sufficient  to  warrant  their  settlement  and  cultivation. 

The  great  agricultural  bonanza  of  America  was  found  in  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi,  o<'cupied  by  the  Aliddle  Western  States.     No  other  portion 


REPOlvT  OF  THE  CDIEF  ASTHONOMEU. 


49 


of  the  continent  can  unite  the  various  advantages  possessed  by  tliose  broad 
and  fertile  plains,  since  in  no  other  part  may  we  expect  to  find  the  richness 
of  soil  favored  by  the  clin)ate  necessary  to  a  widely-vaned  production.  In 
the  extreme  Northwest,  we  may,  however,  reasona')ly  expect  to  find  that 
certain  specialties  in  agriculture  will  well  repay  tlii3  lalior  of  cultivation. 
Thus,  the  test  of  actual  settlement  has  proved  the  spec.'al  adaptation  of  the 
soil  and  climate  of  the  far  Northwest  to  ihe  jiroduci;  ni  of  wheat,  barley, 
oats,  and  the  hardier  sorts  of  vegetables.  In  these  specialties,  the  large 
])roduction  compensates  for  the  lack  of  more  varied  agricultural  resources. 

There  is,  however,  a  limit  'o  the  extent  of  the  arable  lands  fixed  by  the 
amount  of  the  annual  rain-fall.  Conunencing  witli  the  valley  of  the  Red 
River,  where  the  annual  deposition  amounts  to  from  seventeen  to  nineteen 
inches,  the  amount  of  the  rain-fall  decreases,  until  in  longitude  100°  it  will 
scarcelv  exceed  seven  inches.  Here  we  find  a  fact  which  sets  a  limit  to  the 
western  extension  of  the  cultivated  area  of  the  Unit(><l  States.  The  same 
conditions  of  humidity  found  along  the  northern  boundary  exist  also  in  the 
southern  latitudes,  giving  to  some  places  almost  the  character  of  a  desert, 
although,  on  the  northern  lino,  there  is  no  great  .area  to  which  that  name 
can  be  properly  applied. 

No  one  can  point  tc  a  given  meridian  of  longitude  u])on  the  map  of 
those  great  plains,  and  say  that  to  this  lino  the  settlements  may  extend. 
The  varying  conditions  of  humidity  from  year  to  year,  or  ])erhaps  through 
series  of  years,  fix  their  own  limit,  by  the  operation  ftf  unknown  laws.  The 
western  line  of  the  cultivated  areas  may  therefore,  from  time  to  time,  bo 
advanced  or  withdrawn,  as  the  variations  of  the  seasons  may  be  favoral)le, 
or  unfavorable,  to  production.  Over  the  belt  of  disputed  territory  thus 
established  will  ultimately  be  found  a  straggling  liuis  of  frontier  occupa- 
tion, clinging  to  a  few  advanced  points,  where  favored  iy  the  special  char- 
acter of  the  surroundings.  Such  a  belt  of  territory  w  i  i  j)robably  be  found, 
of  about  one  hundred  miles  in  width,  separating  tlie  oa-ily-cultivated  from 
the  actually-irreclaimable  lands.  On  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  the  varying 
line  of  settlement  will  probably  be  in  the  vicinity  of  longitude  102°. 
What  the  r.ltimate  efi'ect  of  tree-planting  en  the  advance  of  the  frontier 
will  be,  cannot  be  predicted.  The  data  are  too  uncertain  to  form  the  basis 
N  II 4 


50 


UNITED  STATICS  NORTnEHN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


I     III 


of  any  reasonable  hypothesis,  and  all  predictions  must  of  necessity  be  mere 
idle  speculation. 

The  principle  of  irrigation  will  here  find  no  extensive  application. 
Under  the  most  ftivorable  circumstances,  to  irrigate  a  given  area  implies 
that  i\  rain-fall  of  a  very  much  larger  area  is  utilized  to  increase  the  pro- 
duction of  the  lesser  portion.  Even  then,  the  conditions  of  climate  must 
be  such  as  to  compensate  for  the  great  labor  and  expense  by  double  crojis. 
Thus,  if  twelve  inches  of  water  were  required  for  purposes  of  iirigation, 
the  annual  precipitation  being  only  six  inches,  the  difference  must  be  sup- 
plied from  the  rain-fall  of  surrounding  areas,  and  as  but  a  small  part  of 
this  can  be  saved  or  applied  economically,  it  is  evident  that  the  ratio  of  the 
cultivated  to  the  imcultivatod  lands  must  be  exceedingly  small.  In  any 
case,  a  system  of  irrigation  can  only  bo  applied  to  the  low-lying  lands  of 
the  valleys  bordering  the  streams.  No  such  condition  of  low  level  'ands, 
surroiuided  by  elevated  moimtains  or  plains,  obtains  in  the  territories  of 
the  Northwest  in  the  vicinity  of  the  boundary.  The  running  streams  are 
few  and  insignificant,  for  the  most  part  ceasing  to  flow  in  summer,  and 
forming  only  n  series  of  stagnant  pools.  The  valleys  are  deep  and  narrow, 
with  constantly-varying  elevations.  The  climate  is  cold,  and  the  season  too 
short  for  more  than  one  croj).  Under  these  circumstances,  it  seems  evident 
that  the  natural  laws  un'l<>r  -vhosc  operation  this  immense  territory  has 
become  what  it  now  is,  will  scarcely  be  materially  affected  by  the  future 
efforts  of  man. 

A  Ijrief  expi  ^tion  of  the  characteristics  of  the  country  will  make 
clear  what  has  been  said,  and  will  servo  to  explain  the  general  scope  of  the 
work  performed  by  the  engineers  of  the  commission. 

Considered  in  a  general  sense,  with  regard  to  level  and  superficial 
character,  the  country  extending  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude,  may  bo 
dividol  into  four  distinct  areas:  1st.  The  region  of  swamps,  fr,rmhig  the 
snmmit-level  drained  by  the  ]Mississip[)i,  the  Red  River,  and  the  streams 
flowing  north  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods;  id.  The  -'alley  of  the  Red 
River;  3d.  The  prairie  plateau,  extending  from  the  eastern  escarpment  of 
the  I'embina  Mountains  t<t  the  Coteau  of  the  Missouri;   4th.  The  prairie 


REPORT  or  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


51 


plateau  from  the  Coteau  of  the  Missouri  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  This 
latter  division  is  quite  diverse  in  character,  being  intersected  by  tlie  Coteau 
of  the  Missouri  and  a  narrow  belt  of  the  "mauvaises  terres,"  or  bad  lands 
of  the  south. 

If  considered  with  regard  to  drainage,  the  boundary-line  will  be  found 
to  follow  very  nearly  the  dividing  ridge  of  that  part  of  the  continent.  From 
the  base  of  the  mountains  eastward  as  far  as  the  M'ilk  liiver  ridge,  the  small 
streams  flow  to  the  north  into  the  Bow  liiver,  though  they  take  their  rise 
only  a  few  miles  south  of  the  line.  From  the  Milk  River  ridge  eastward  as 
far  as  the  Coteau,  the  drainage  is  to  the  south,  the  line  following  pretty  nearly 
parallel  to  the  dividing  ridges  of  the  Cypress  Hills  Jind  the  Woody  Mount- 
ain. From  the  Coteau  to  the  Turtle  Mountain,  the  boundary  lies  in  the 
valley  of  the  Mouse  Rivei*,  whicli,  after  making  a  deep  bend  to  the  south, 
flows  again  to  the  north,  and  emjjties  into  the  Assiniboine.  East  of  the 
Turtle  Mountain,  the  dr<ainage  is  about  equal  in  both  directions,  though  all 
the  southern  waters  find  their  outlet  again  to  the  north  by  the  Shcyennc 
into  the  Red  River. 

The  streams  between  the  valley  of  the  Rod  River  and  the  Rocky  Mount- 
ains, excepting  only  the  mountain-torrents  flowing  to  the  nortli  into  the  Bow 
River,  and  thence  into  the  Saskatchewan,  are  ni  ly  ))riiirie  streams,  to 
which  the  name  I'iver  is  only  given  by  sufferance.  'I any  of  them  are  the 
mo.st  insignificant  of  rivulets,  which,  during  the  melting  of  the  snows  in  the 
early  spring,  may  carry  a  reasonable  volume  of  water,  but  in  the  summer 
consist,  for  the  nio-st  part,  of  a  series  of  jiools,  more  or  less  stagnant,  and 
with  no  appreciable  current.  The  Mouse  River  and  the  Milk  River  are  the 
most  considerable  of  those  along  the  northern  boundary,  and  nuiy  be  taken 
as  the  type  of  all  the  prairie  streams  of  Dakota  and  Montana.  Thus,  the 
Mouse  River,  though  having  a  length  of  as  nmcli  as  I'uur  hundred  miles  and 
draining  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Coteau  of  the  Missouri,  from  the  nortli  of 
Woody  Mountain  to  the  bend  of  the  Missouri  below  Fort  Stevenson,  yet 
carries  an  insignificant  volume  of  water,  being  reduced  to  almost  nothing 
during  August  and  September.  In  like  manner,  tlie  Milk  River,  rising  near 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  (teases  to  flow  during  the  month  of  August.  As  these 
rivers  are  not  fed  by  springs,  the  lack  of  rain  and  the  rapid  evaporation 


'  I 


I 
i 

l;i 

I!  : 

1 

1 1 

r 

4 


52 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDEUN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


reduces  the  volume  of  their  flow  in  propoition  to  the  distance  from  their 
sources. 

It  may  be  said,  then,  that  the  boundary -line  intersects  no  stream  of  any 
importance  from  the  Eed  Kiver  to  the  Saint  Mary's;  and  that  this,  in  itself, 
is  sufficient  to  prove  the  very  small  average  rain-fall  over  the  included  area. 

Partly  from  the  same  cause,  doubtless,  the  proportion  of  the  two  Terri- 
tories bordering  upon  the  line  which  is  covered  by  natural  forests,  is  remark- 
ably small.  Along  tlie  slopes  of  the  Pembina  Mountains,  the  boundaiy 
cuts  through  a  distance  of  thirteen  miles,  and  on  the  Turtle  Mountain, 
thirty-four  miles  of  a  pretty  nearly  continuous  growth  of  forest.  West  of 
the  Turtle  Mountain,  there  is  no  timber  to  be  found  near  the  line,  except 
along  the  Mouse  River.  The  line  actually  cuts  no  growth  of  trees,  or  even 
bushes  of  any  size,  for  a  distance  of  six  hundred  miles.  In  northeastern 
Dakota,  certain  kinds  of  oak,  aspen,  and  birch  grow  freely  where  protected 
from  prairie-tires,  and  it  is  probable  that  with  such  protection  the  natural 
forests  would  extend  over  a  largo  part  of  the  Temtory.  Judging  from 
the  growth  along  the  Mouse  River,  it  seems  most  probable  that  the  west- 
ern limit  of  the  extension  of  the  wooded  areas,  either  by  natural  growth  or 
by  artificial  planting,  will  be  in  the  vicinity  of  longitude  102°. 

The  detailed  topography  of  the  country  between  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
and  the  Rocky  Mountains  is  singularly  lacking  in  points  of  general  interest, 
and  I  have,  therefore,  confined  the  following  description  to  such  matters  as 
are  necessary  to  a  correct  understanding  of  the  astronomical  and  topograph- 
ical work  of  the  commission. 

A  most  complete  and  accurate  account  of  the  jeology  and  resources 
of  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  the  boundary-llm  will  be  found  in  the 
report  of  Mr.  Dawson,  the  geologist  accompanying  the  English  expedition, 
which  is  already  published. 

An  admirable  description  of  the  water-communications  from  Lake 
Superior  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  of  the  northwest  territory  between  the 
boundary-line  and  the  Saskatchewan  River,  including  an  account  of  the 
Red  River  settlement  and  the  Hudson's  Ray  Company,  will  be  found  in  the 
report  of  the  Canadian  Exploring  Expeditions,  1857-58 :  H.  Y.  Hind, 
London,  1846. 


*■  '■•♦•■ 


im 


•f-Ai 


■■*isr 


*  >■• 


y 


*'^,- 


•^v^ 

X 


I! 


I 


4 


•NITKD  STATK-i  NOUTIIEHN    BOriNDAB^   t,"OM.M»88«<lN 

•^•(^uvl•^    ihi     ViJuiUt.:    »J!     UuiJ     n"S*    111  |):uji(a)UUt    lo    ill"    i  iirjutln  f    n'«'li; 
K(,':ifTeS, 

It  may  be  i^iilcl,  (^^»n.  dtHt  th<<  Vorn<lH!*\-]ii><>  ii'h'>rsect6  no  stream  of  any 
importance  from  the  '■  mid  that  this,  in  itsell'', 

JH  8uffici(iut  1  i<l(;(l  area. 

Tartly  '. 

tOci<~'        '■■  ■      \\  ,il   ::!■'■•    \''it  \J     i     ,     lii, 

u.'vxi  luiks,    .  :^..  ,  . 

•  r  miles  ;t-y  noariy  (.ontimiuus  jfrovth  uf  forest.     West    ' 

!l'«    \vr..'u    ':..■  I  tiixibci-  to  he  f'Hinil  iif'nr  tiie  line,  except 

aloitji;  ibe  M<>u^v  iuwr.  lij-.  iuj^aciunliy  ciiia  uagrowtlv  -if  trt-es,  or  (n'ori 
biishesj  of  vnj  sixi-,  foi  ,"  di>*+aiico  of  hlx  ininJrod  m\w^,  h;  riortb<ia.st*'ru 
Dakota,  certain  kiiids  of  o«k.  nri|;iii,  ;niii  birch  j.'tow  IVcpIj  -.yher*.'  jittiti^cic'l 
tVoin  |(r»irif-firc'.'',  iniJ  it  la  i^robablo  that  wjtli  such  protcetifin  the  natTir^l 
i'.>:;.~.-  wouhl  cxteiid  "Ai.'r  a  birgx-  part  (;t'  iho.  Teriitorv  Judging  from 
iho  arniwtls  ftloiig  th**  >!>>»«»)  .Kivrr,  it  sc-ct,  rnbivblA  thai  the  vrest- 

.n    ;  ■      of  tht*  <.-xtt.>:  (htM- by  Ji;itur;i]  growth  or 

'  •  •'  'lili'^'i  tojH)j;!":ij>h_v  "1  K''.-  V  '■  [•  :js  ..n'tw^wu  b«i  l.a.k'  •'  '  •  W  ^Ofls 
ai  .  .;  KV  5li»!!i^tHiu3i.s  sijjcnilarJy  ';n  kinjjf  in  j>>iijt}>  or  u  .  ...  ■;rf'rest. 
and  I  havf.  l In  *•'''": o-o.  (.•■■niiiuxi  the  folii  wi;i^'  ilcsc-iptiMn  to  euf";.  loattfi's  »» 
rrsM'^i  iiiKi'.'i't-uul'nj''  of  d;!-  .a.stn'fioirucal  uuil  tO|)ogra[*h- 


are.  noccs^ar; 

Jcal  work  of  thtj  comtiii¥*it)ii. 

i'*v(iij>h^to  nrn!  aci'uratc  a.coimt  of  the  j(e<>Io}?-y  ^nd  rt'Sonrc<\s 
ol  tat  *Muatiy  in  ilie  \-ictniry  of  tJio  bottudary-hTUJ  Vvvill  he  >oiutd  in  tho 
ropi.rt  i>f  Mr.  l)aw'ion,  iho  g«n)logi»t  tic<ift!ipauyln;r  the  i  '  '  ..\p-,>di»ion, 
w],:  '   *..    '.  ..,lv-  published. 

' '»'  deucriptitfU  of   iho  i^.-i.!«?"  (>r>;)imtinication»  !;  k-.s 

Supoiior  !<)  X-dkii  WiiiTiipog*.  and  of  tli"  rorrnw^st  territor  so 

boiiudary -liK'^  4U»d  tho  8a»kai.rh<'Waii   liiv»:T,  ii;c<tidhig  i  tbo 

lied  FUvor  s«.^itlei\H'!tt  nnd  tho  Hudsoii's  Hay  r'(.,|»vpari\  ^  v.-.jl  >  !u> 

tf  poit  of   tho  CaiiaduWi   Exploring  Kxp<Mlitioii«,   1*&'»<-\,.H ;    U    i    i    (id, 

i.ondon,  mm. 


:.}.»» 


*'■*; 


IIEPOUT  or  TUK  CUIEF  ASTllONOMEtt. 


53 


THE   LAKE   OF   TIIK   WOODS. 


Tlio  Lake  of  tho  Woods  is  ii  luime  usuiilly  appliod  to  a  group  of  four 
lakes  lying  on  tho  noi-thern  boundary  of  tho  United  States,  and  nearly  in  a 
right  lino  with  Lakes  Superior  and  Winnipeg.  These  four  lakes,  number- 
ing from  the  northwest,  are  tho  Lac  Plat,  tlie  Clear  Water,  the  White  Fish, 
and  tho  Lake  of  the  Sand  Hills ;  the  latter,  by  common  usage,  has  adopted 
the  name  Lake  of  the  Woods.  The  official  sanction  to  this  title  was  given 
by  the  commissioners  under  the  sixth  and  seventh  articles  of  the  treaty  of 
Ghent,  in  fixing  tho  northwest  point,  and  it  is,  therefore,  useless,  at  this  late 
day,  to  inquire  into  the  extent  and  significance  of  the  original  term.  It  is, 
however  a  little  difficult  to  understand  the  pi'ocess  of  reasoning  by  which 
those  commissioners,  while  including  the  Clear  Water  and  the  Lake  of  the 
Sand  Hills  under  the  general  title,  yet  rejected  the  Lac  Plat. 

The  geography  of  the  region  has  never  been  well  known,  and,  even  at 
the  present  time,  the  northern  and  eastern  shores  of  this  lake-system  are 
but  illy  defined.  The  drainage  is  toward  the  north,  by  way  of  the  Winni- 
peg River,  into  Lake  Winnipeg.  The  jnincipal  affluent  is  the  Kainy  River, 
which  enters  from  the  southeast,  though  a  number  of  small  tributaries  are 
received  from  tho  south  and  west,  draining  the  swampy  belt  which  borders 
the  lake  in  those  directions.  Tho  Rainy  River  is  a  stream  of  throe  hundred 
yards  in  width,  flowing  with  a  deep,  swift  current.  The  discharge  of  tho 
lake  is  by  two  outlets,  with  a  short  series  cf  rapids,  into  tin?  Winnipeg 
River. 

The  boundary-lino  enters  the  lake  from  the  Rainy  River,  and,  leaving 
the  various  islands  alternately  to  tho  right  and  left,  enters  the  bay  known 
as  the  Northwest  Angle,  at  the  extreme  northern  end  of  which  the  "  most 
noithwest  point"  is  located.  The  southeastern  portion  of  the  Lake  of  the 
Sand  Hills,  or,  as  now  known,  the  Lake  of  tho  Woods,  therefore,  pertains 
to  the  domain  of  the  United  States.  It  connects  with  the  Clear  Water 
Lake  on  the  north  by  channel-ways  between  numerous  rocky  islands.  Tho 
islands  cease  a  short  distance  south  of  the  entrance  to  tho  Northwest  An^^le. 
The  western  and  southern  shores  are  bordered  by  vast  swamps,  the  division 
between  the  swamps  and  tiie  lake  being  distinctly  marked,  in  some  places, 


I 


if 

i 

< 

't    i 

1 

1 

.: 

54 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHEUN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


by  small  ridgca  of  sand-hills,  but  genora'ly  only  by  narrow  sandy  beaches, 
or  an  accumulation  of  drift-wood  and  brush.  Buffalo  Point  is  quite  an 
open  piece  of  ground,  well  raised  from  the  lake,  and  the  same  is  true  of 
the  shore  where  it  cuts  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  The  forests  are  mostly 
composed  of  small  pines  and  tamaracks,  though  on  the  higher  ground  elm, 
birch,  and  aspen  are  found.  The  waters  of  the  lake  are  shallow,  the  greatest 
depth  found  in  coasting  being  eighteen  feet,  though,  doubtless,  in  some 
parts  the  depth  ii  much  greater.  The  width  of  the  lake  being  great  (in 
some  directions  as  much  as  fifty  miles),  the  winds  have  an  uninterrupted 
sweep  over  its  surface.  It  is  thus  liable  to  sudden  and  violent  tempests, 
which  make  navigation  in  small  boats  both  difficult  and  dangerous 

The  vicinity  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  is  inhabited  by  a  few  small 
bands  of  Ojibway  or  Chippewa  Indians,  who  subsist  by  trapping,  hunting, 
and  fishing.  Their  lands  are  not  ceded,  and  they  receive  no  annuities. 
Their  locus  is  doubtful,  some  living  within  the  lines  of  the  United  States, 
and  others  on  British  territory.  The  only  present  economical  value  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  is  in  its  being  on  the  line  of  water  and  land  communi- 
cation between  tho  eastern  and  western  provinces  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada. 

The  military  route  called  the  Dawson  Road  has  its  terminus  at  the  North- 
west Angle,  and  though  not  such  a  road  as  ever  to  enter  into  competition 
with  the  easier,  though  less  direct,  routes  toward  the  south,  yet  answers  tho 
purpose  for  which  it  was  built,  in  giving  a  lino  of  independent  communica- 
tion between  Manitoba  and  the  Canadas.  Great  efforts  have  been  made  by 
the  Dominion  Government  to  utilize  it  for  pui*poses  of  immigration  and 
general  transit ;  but  I  have  yet  to  see  the  person  who  has  dared  its  discom- 
forts a  second  time.  The  government  supports,  by  subsidy,  two  steamers 
and  several  steam-launches.  The  landing  at  the  Northwest  Angle  is  on 
British  soil,  but  to  reach  it  the  vessels  pass  through  American  waters. 
The  road  for  twelve  miles  fronx  tho  angle  is  continuous  corduroy;  east  of 
that  the  route  passes  through  a  country  of  sand-ridges,  alternating  with 
s'vamps.  or  muskegs,  for  a  distance  of  seventy  miles,  to  Oak  Point.  It  then 
ento's  t\\d  valley  of  the  Red  River,  and,  after  crossing  an  almost  continuous 
succession  of  bogs  for  thirty  miles,  reaches  Fort  Garry. 


UlirOUT  Ol-'  TlIK  CllUOK  ASTUONOMEK. 


55 


Of  Uio  iwrtioii  of  laiul  belonging-  to  tho  United  States  cut  off  l)y  the 
north  and  south  nioridian  lino,  and  amounting  in  all  to  about  one  hundred 
and  iift.y  scjuare  miles,  much  the  greater  part  is  covered  with  a  deej)  bog, 
on  whidi  a  few  scattering  tamaracks  struggle  for  existence.  In  some  local- 
ities, where  die  ground  is  high,  deciduous  trees  predominate,  but,  as  a 
general  rule,  tho  forests  aro  composed  of  coniferous  trees  of  small  size  and 
little  value. 

Tho  Lake  of  the  Woods  receives  two  additional  tributaries,  one  from 
tho  southwest,  called  the  War  lioad  River,  and  aiu)ther  from  the  west,  called 
Weed  River.  These  streams  are  simply  small  channels  cut  in  the  marshes, 
or  muslicys.  They  drain  a  width  of  marsh  varying  from  eight  to  sixtcsen 
miles  in  width.  By  tho  Reed  River,  the  Indians  are  in  the  habit  of  making 
ii  portage  to  the  headwaters  of  tho  Roseau  River,  and  thus  reaching  tho 
Roseau  Lake.  Tho  actual  length  of  tho  land  portage  is  eight  miles,  but 
this  is  through  a  swamp,  where  the  traveler  sinks  from  one  to  throe  feet  into 
the  nuid  and  water,  and  may  consider  himself  fortunate  if  he  does  not  onco 
or  more  disappear  entirely  beneath  the  surface.  Aft(M-  rcsaching  the  north- 
eastern branch  of  tho  Roseau,  the  difficulties  of  the  trip  are  over. 


LAKE   ROSEAU. 

Lake  Roseau  is  a  shallow  lake,  about  three  nules  in  greatest  length. 
The  shores  are  lined  with  a  broad  margin  of  tall  grass  and  reeds,  from 
which  tho  lake  takes  its  name.  It  is  fed  by  two  tributaries,  the  East 
Roseau  and  the  Pine  River;  the  foi-mer  being  composed  of  two  branches, 
one  from  the  north  of  the  boundary  and  tho  other  draining  the  broad 
swamps  lying  between  tho  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  the  Red  Lake  in  Min- 
nesota. It  discharges  into  the  Roseau  River,  a  tributary  of  tho  Red  River 
of  the  North. 

THE   EOSEAU  KIVER. 

This  stream,  after  keeping  a  westerly  course  south  of  the  boundary, 
finally  crosses  at  a  point  thirty-three  miles  east  of  Pendjina,  and,  flowing 
for  the  rest  of  its  course  through  Manito1)a,  enters  the  Red  River  thirteen 
miles  north  of  tho  line.     The  stream  is  used  by  lumbermen  in  floating  out 


6e 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


I  1 


;  i 


1; 


logs  from  tho  pinorics  near  Lake  Roseau.  It  is  intorruptcd,  at  ono  point, 
by  rocky  rapids,  but,  with  that  exception,  is  a  clear  flowing  stream.  Its 
average  fall  is  not  less  than  two  feet  to  tho  mile,  from  which  it  is  quite 
evident  that  it  can  never  bo  made  navigable  excepting  above  tho  rapids. 
It  is  quite  probable  that,  by  cutting  down  the  rapids  a  few  feet,  the  river 
might  bo  made  to  drain,  much  more  thoroughly  tlian  it  does  now,  tho  vast 
region  of  swamps  through  which  it  takes  its  course.  Tho  first  effect  of 
cutting  down  tho  baiTier  would  be  to  increase  tho  current,  which  would 
again  establish  nearly  tho  present  regimen,  but  at  a  lower  level.  Lateral 
channels  would  then  rapidly  form  through  the  soft  material  of  tho  marshes, 
and  a  general  system  of  natural  drainage  would  establish  itself,  which  would 
ultimately  render  available  for  settlement  many  hundreds  of  square  miles 
now  covered  by  bogs.  Tho  greatest  depth  found  in  the  Roseau  Swamp 
was  iibout  fourteen  feet,  at  which  a  sounding-pole  would  strike  a  hard  clay 
pan.  The  river  flows  through  the  swamp,  and  at  about  the  same  level,  for 
many  miles.  Wo  may  say,  then,  that  a  gradual  wearing-out  of  the  river- 
channel  to  the  depth  of  ten  feet  would  effect  tho  drainage  of  tho  greater 
part  of  this  immense  swamp.  This  is  tho  process  which  is  now  actually 
going  on,  and  which  will  be  completed,  like  all  the  operations  of  nature, 
slowly  but  none  the  less  surely. 

From  the  levels  given  herewith,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  difference  of 
level  between  the  Red  River  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  is  two  hundred 
and  fifty  feet.  Of  this,  the  greatest  rise  takes  place  in  the  first  sixteen  miles 
eastward  from  the  Red  River.  The  total  rise  here  amounts  to  one  hundred 
and  seventy  feet.  This  swamp  region  is,  therefore,  a  summit-^  jvel  cut  off 
from  the  Red  River  Valley  by  a  ridge,  through  which  the  Rjseau  River, 
tlie  natural  channel  of  drainage,  breaks  in  a  series  of  abrupt  rapids, 
obstructed  with  bowlders,  but  through  which,  in  course  of  time,  it  will 
wear  a  deep  and  easy  channel.  At  present,  the  whole  of  this  country  must 
remain  uninhabited  and  without  any  special  value. 


THE    RKD    KIVEK. 


From  the  sixteen-mile  ridge  begins  the  valley  proper  of  tho  Red  River 
of  the  North.     Its  characteristics  at  the  boundary-line  are  identically  the 


i 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


57 


saiiio  as  tlioso  at  any  other  point  of  section — a  valley  apparently  perfectly 
level,  but  in  reality  sloping  toward  the  rivei'  quite  rapidly,  intersected  by 
small  running  streams,  which  are  simply  the  lines  of  drainage  of  the  prairies, 
and  which,  therefore,  are  exceedingly  variable  in  the  amount  of  their  dis- 
charge. Along  these  water- courses,  as  well  as  on  the  main  river,  and,  in 
fact,  wherever  protection  from  the  prairie  fires  is  offered,  will  bo  fonnd  linos 
of  forest,  mostly  of  whifewood,  but  in  some  cases  of  oak.  The  valley  is 
immensely  fertile,  as  has  been  proved  by  actual  settlement;  the  only  draw- 
backs being  the  long  and  cold  winter,  the  occasional  incursions  of  grass- 
hoppers, and  a  liability  to  heavy  floods. 

These  floods  in  the  lower  valley  were  at  one  time  supposed  by  the 
half-breeds  to  bo  caused  by  an  extraordinary  rise  of  the  Missouri  River, 
which,  breaking  through  some  low  point  of  the  Coteau,  poured  an  inmiense 
volume  of  water  into  the  Mouse  River  near  its  southern  bend,  and  caused 
an  overflow  in  the  lower  Assiniboinft  and  Red  Rivers.  This  supposition 
was  speedily  found  to  bo  without  basis. 

A  very  simple  explanation  is  found  in  the  tortuous  course  of  the  river, 
ruid  in  the  fact  that  its  course  is  from  south  to  north.  The  melting  of  the 
snows  on  the  upper  waters  causes  a  sudden  and  violent  rise  before  the 
outlets  are  cleared  of  ice.  The  natiu'al  result  is  an  ice-jam  in  every  sharp 
bend,  which  acts  as  a  dam  to  back  the  waters  over  the  low-lying  lands 
above. 

It  is  said  that  the  river  is  quite  rapidly  widening  its  own  channel. 
But  of  this  I  saw  ro  evidence,  beyond  the  ordinary  wash  which  takes 
place  in  all  alluvial  streams  where  there  is  a  constant  cutting  away  of  the 
banks  in  the  bends  of  the  river,  the  material  excavated  being  again  deposited 
below. 

Five  small  steamers  ply  on  the  river  between  Fort  Garry  and  Moor- 
head,  which  is  the  station  on  the  Northern  Pacific  l^ailroad.  All  the  lands 
along  the  river  and  many  of  its  branches  arc  already  taken  up,  and  little 
settlements  are  beginning  to  make  their  appearance  at  various  points. 

For  many  years  the  people  of  the  Northwest  have  looked  upon  this 
valley  as  the  great  wheat-field  of  the  world.  It  seems  that  this  anticipation 
v/ill,  in  time,  be  realized.     Hie  valley  at  the  forty-ninth  parallel  lia.s  a  width 


? 


58 


UlsITED  STATES  SOllTUEUN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


of  about  fifty  miles,  which  I  do  not  think  is  matoriiiiiy  reduced  toward  the 
south.  Taking  this  as  the  uniform  width,  tlie  entire  area  within  the  domain 
of  the  United  States  can  be  estimii*fid  at  about  10,000  square  miles,  of  whicli 
the  greater  part  can  bo  cultivated. 

The  Dominion  Government  have  displayed  great  activity,  and  pre- 
sented many  inducements  to  immigrants  to  settle  in  the  valley  between 
Pembina  and  For<;  Garry.  Their  lands  have  beeft  surveyed  nearly  on  the 
same  plan  as  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States.  They  have  offered 
free  transportation  over  the  Dawson  route,  and,  if  it  were  not  for  the  intol- 
erable discomforts  of  the  communication,  would  probably  have  succeeded 
in  attracting  a  very  large  immigration.  As  it  is,  their  etibrts  are  by  no 
means  a  failure.  A  large  colony  of  Mennonites,  amounting  to  several 
thousand,  have  taken  up  land  between  Point  Michel  and  the  Pembina 
Mountains.  These  people  apparently  selected  their  homes  on  British  soil, 
because  they  dislike  a  republican  form  of  government.  They  are  industri- 
ous, sober,  and  economical,  and,  although  they  are  destined  to  great  suffer- 
ing, will  doubtless  succeed  in  making  for  themselves  comfortable  homes. 
They  have  to  fear  the  incursion  of  grasshoppers,  which,  if  it  should  befall 
them  in  the  first  years,  would  be  fatal  lO  their  enterprise,  and  discourage 
all  future  immigration.  The  long  winters  and  the  scarcity  of  fuel  will  try 
them  severely,  until  they  become  thoroughly  accustomed  to  provide  against 
the  rigors  of  the  climate;  but  this  is  a  difiiculty  which  has  been  met  and 
overcome  on  the  prairies  of  Indiana,  PUnois,  and  Iowa,  and  tvhich  will  be 
met  successfully  on  the  plains  of  Northeastern  Dakota  and  Manitoba. 

PEMBINA   MOUNTAIN. 

The  Pembina  Mountain,  which  borders  the  western  edge  of  the  Rod 
River  Valley,  is  not  a  mountain  in  the  ordinary  acceptation  of  the  word, 
but  is  dignified  by  the  title  only  by  comparison  with  the  level  lands  of  the 
region  in  which  it  is  situated.  It  is,  in  reality,  the  sharp  edge  of  the  high 
prairie  plateau  which  extends  westward  to  the  foot  of  the  Coteau  of  the 
Missouri.  The  Pembina  River  breaks  through  the  escarpment  in  a  deep 
gorge,  causing  the  apparent  width  of  the  rough  ground  to  appear  much 
greater  than  it  really  is.     The  eastern  face  of  the  mountain,  though  quite 


if 


'    If 


i 


J 1 


J  •) 


^:     i 


'   ^iXEi>  81ATES  NOKiLIKKN    DOUNDAltV  CUMMibiaiON. 

■  ;  al)Out  filty  miles,  wUhh  f  do  not  tiiitik  h  muloriilly  icdiK ,.,,, 
■  lUi       rfikki'^-  thijj  as  li'c  luiiturm  widtli,  tho  uutiro  area  within  iLm  fliiuiai.^ 
the  Uiiitoil  yt;Uofi  nm  br  estimated  at  about  U),t.H»o  sqnan;  niihis,  uf  wliieii 
.!: '  !?i-eafc'r  purt  can  ha  ou.'tiviited. 

Tl.c  Domini  .-  ^  ...  y,  and  piv- 

IV'tubina  ;. 
>!n!;ts  •,!.■ 

^  ■  •ro'ni(4y  tjiivt,  ^.; 

y*-      HKi  ,!ji.:ili.!i,.        .Vir,     it     j,s,    tllcir    rlToHS     ail-     )>V     I'D 

'"^''  ■      '     '•      •  u;t>-(.-  cttoiiy  o!   .Mcniioriitf-s  aniuiiutiuix   Sd  Mf\(;vul 

•U'H-toiid,  h'X'  ,(j:   liimi   betw».;u   Poi-x!.  JV|.;.:!)f'l   fioil    ilk    hruMnsi 

MiHiiituifi-.      '1.  ■^M  appaitMHtly  s>'!('Ctrd  tli-jir  }i(M;i<'t   {.<!  l;^:';^h  ?"•;/, 

^>Cv:aii-!(3  ihov  liisUi,.  a  ;'(;].i!lj]i<'an  iovm  of  <>-ti"^<'mmonr.     TiMv  arc  imlijAin- 
ow,  rtoln      iii.l  <x'.  i!>  iui.  J,  and,  altlt.'i!.i>'ii  (1h'\-  urt'  dor,ii-.i(  d  ti>  'jvcai  sulVcr 
•*iH>cc  fi  it.  niakin.L'  *"r  l!iinnsei\f,-,   (.-.vJuiVinablr  lioinc., 
■^;di.»(;p»«r>.  udii- ';    '.(  it  si-^'i,!.!  l<r\-\\ 
■  '"  ibt  f  i.-iitci'i'  ■"*'■■ 


ttUSii  >    Vt  !■'  '  . 
(lie    ;  i'i <■'?*:    tt* 


hi'  lii'iiiNiM 


V  I 


li'i'-,    t:(T  i.Vn- 


On'rCvJifi  •    >  If   tdc  III     .!|>-.  i' '    lidiiilit 


^:.ii       KHt     fl!W| 

X.    H.  H,>:'  ,iiUv",j,   i  -     I   \.i)i.  I'   will    hi- 


met  ^;r':<-i-^si'jily  im  tun  plain-,  of  >s(>!tl.:-,  ^h'Ji  i  fiU,i:<  .iwd  Mauit'dia. 

Tii    '*'-;«bin;.   Mtiuotain,  wliich   l>f,rd.;r^    ii,i'  \m  ^-^t.  :     ,.d:f      t  Ju-    K;  d 


■    t  'jt    .-  '    .  v:if-     ;,-< 


i'l'(ll;:J''i!i     i'l      (Jll-    V   Vfd. 


l.l.l 

Mi>-<Mn>'       I'll 


■  l-r    i>l.-,lli.t    t!l.  .-wrb    ti.  •    ■■-I      rpnp't!!     '-I  .'l   ..rn 

urgt',  cna.'f,.^  i',.,  t»j  pifoiis  vyidth   -4  d't   »«.»n;^li    ♦■in,;    i-  :ij<,(  .•  i"  \<M<i", 
r'-afrr  t?Uii:  "t  i*^v'l!v  >>*;     T!,r  t-)->t.>i!i  f'trt,  «»i'  (Ji;.-  nn-ii.ii.ii!  .  ;,.„  ii!|M.  tpat..- 


o 

i7t 


REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


59 


sharp  in  tho  vicinity  of  tho  boundary,  becomes  much  more  gentle  both  to 
the  north  and  south,  so  that  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles  it  is  reduced  to  a 
long,  rolling  slope,  at  the  foot  of  which  the  numerous  small  streams  empty- 
ing into  tho  Red  River  take  their  rise.  Being  protected  from  prairie-fires, 
the  slopes  are  covered  with  a  very  fair  growth  of  forest,  which  on  the  south 
of  tho  line  is  mostly  of  oak  of  small  size.  The  distance  along  the  line,  from 
the  foot  of  the  eastern  slope  to  tho  level  of  the  second  prairie  plateau, 
including  the  width  of  tho  gorge  o?  the  Pembina  River,  is  thirteen  miles. 
From  the  point  thus  reached,  the  'c .'el  prairie  extends  westward  to  the  foot 
of  the  Turtle  Mountain,  without  presenting  to  the  eye  any  special  points 
worthy  of  description. 

TURTLE    MOUNTAIN. 

This  elevation,  which,  like  the  Pembina  Mountain,  is  only  so  called 
by  compai-ison,  is  an  irregular  mass  of  drift,  rising  at  the  highest  point  to 
not  more  than  500  feet  above  the  general  level.  The  eastern  slope  is 
gentle,  while  the  western  escarpment  is  quite  sharp.  It  is  covered  by  a 
continuous  forest  of  birch,  aspen,  and  oak,  interlaced  with  briers  and  wild- 
pea  vines,  forming  an  almost  impenetrable  thicket.  Many  fine  lakes  were 
found  along  the  line  of  the  boundary,  one  of  which  is  more  than  a  mile  in 
width.  It  was  named  Lake  Farquhar,  out  of  courtesy  to  the  first  chief 
astronomer  of  the  commission.  The  width  of  the  mountain,  from  east  to 
west,  was  found  to  be  thirty-four  miles.  Its  extension  in  the  direction  of 
its  greatest  length,  from  northwest  to  southeast,  is  somewhat  greater.  As 
the  entire  contour  of  the  mountain  was  not  surveyed,  the  exact  proportion 
lying  Within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  cannot  be  stated  exactly,  but 
may  be  given  approximately  at  two-thirds  of  the  whole.  The  Indians 
report  that  many  small  prairies  are  found  in  the  southern  part,  and  that  the 
general  surface  is  less  rugged. 

THE   MOUSE    RIVER. 

From  tho  western  slope  of  the  Turtle  Jlountain  to  the  foot  of  the 
Cotoau  the  line  crosses  what  may  be  called  the  valley  of  the  Mouse  River. 
Tiiis  stream  rises  to  the  north  of  Woody  Mountain,  and  runs  southeast 
until  it  strilces  the  boundary.  It  then  iollows,  nearly  parallel  to  tho  line, 
eastward  for  about  seventy  miles,  when,  making  a  bold  sweep  U>  the  south- 


i 


\ 


k 

,1 

it 


60 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDBRN    BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


east  for  a  liundred  miles,  it  doubles  back  upon  its  course,  and,  crossing  the 
line  again  twenty  miles  west  of  Turtle  Slountain,  empties  into  tlio  Assini- 
boine.  The  distance  across  the  bend  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  is  only 
fifty  miles.  The  boundary  actually  crosses  this  stream  four  times.  There 
is  a  good  growth  of  forest  along  the  valley  projjcr  of  the  river,  beginning 
at  the  second  crossing,  and  oading  about  twenty  milco  south  of  the  first 
crossing  west  of  Turtle  Mountain. 

THE   BIVli:R£   DBS   LACS. 

Sixteen  miles  west  of  the  second  crossing  of  the  Mouse  River,  the  lino 
cuts  the  head  of  the  Riviere  des  Lacs.  This  singular  stream  heads  far 
within  the  bend  of  the  Mouse  River,  and,  at  first  sight,  impresses  one 
strongly  as  being  an  ancierit  bed  of  that  stream.  The  lake  in  which  it 
heads  is  long  and  narrow,  apparently  draining  only  a  very  small  area  of 
flat  prairie.  It  is  undoubtedly  fed  by  springs,  for  the  surface-drainage  is 
totally  inadequate  to  furnish  the  necessary  water-supply.  The  water  itself 
is  foul  with  vegetable  decay,  although  there  is  but  little  of  rank  aquatif, 
growth  to  be  seen. 

Three  miles  north  of  the  line,  and  just  at  the  northwest  point  of  this 
singular  lake,  stands  the  prominent  buttc  known  as  the  "Hill  of  the  Mur- 
dered Scout."  So  level  is  the  general  surface  that  the  hill,  although  oi 
small  elevation,  is  the  prominent  landmark  for  many  miles.  Looking  from 
its  summit,  the  deep  valley  of  the  Mouse  River,  on  the  north  and  east,  may 
bo  distinctly  traced.  Toward  the  south  and  west,  the  Coteau  of  the  Mis- 
souri bounds  the  sight,  forming  apparently  a  steep  and  continuous  barrier. 
This  illusive  appearance  is  merely  the  result  of  distance,  for  on  nearer 
approach,  the  mighty  ridge  becomes  a  series  of  swelling  slopes,  stretching 
out  in  endless  convolutions  t^  the  far  horizon 

The  legend  from  which  this  isolated  butto  takes  its  name  is  curiously 
illustrative  of  the  habits  of  the  nomadic.  Lidian  tribes.  As  told  me  by  an 
ancient  half-breed,  it  ran  as  follows:  Late  in  the  fall  of  18i50,  a  party  of 
Assiniboines,  extending  their  wanderings  for  to  the  east  of  their  own  coun- 
try, camped  on  the  point  of  the  lake  to  the  north  of  the  butte.  One  of 
their  number,  ascending  the  hill  to  watch  the  surrounding  country  for  traces 


REPORT  OP  THE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


61 


of  hostile  occupation,  discovered  a  camp  of  Sioux  close  under  the  hill  on 
the  south.  Cautiously  approaching  the  crest,  he  came  suddenly  upon  a 
Sioux  warrior  lying  rolled  in  his  buffalo-robe,  and  apparently  overcome 
with  sleep.  Seizing  a  largo  fragment  of  granite  rock,  the  Assiniboine 
ajjproached  his  foe  with  stealthy  step.  With  one  vigorous  blow  ho  struck 
the  Sioux,  and  fearing  to  have  missed  his  aim,  or  that  it  might  not  have 
been  fatal,  turned  and  ran  from  the  spot.  Looking  back  and  seeing  his 
enemy  quivering  on  the  ground,  he  returned  and  dispatched  him.  In 
memory  of  this  deed,  which,  in  the  scjile  of  Indian  glory,  ranks  far  above 
the  honor  of  a  well-contested  fight,  he  dug  in  the  gravelly  soil  the  figure  of 
a  man  lying  at  full  length,  with  outstretched  legs  and  uplifted  arms.  lie 
also  scooped  out  each  of  the  footprints  marking  his  path  as  he  fled.  Those 
marks,  though  only  a  few  inches  deep,  were  still  distinctly  visible  when  I 
visited  the  .spot  in  the  stmmer  of  1873,  and  will  probably  remain  for  many 
years.  In  the  hollow  representing  the  head  of  the  mui'dered  man  there 
was  Ji  red  granite  stone,  smooth,  oblong  in  shape,  and  about  eight  inches 
in  greatest  diameter,  which  was  said  to  have  been  the  stone  used. 

From  the  Hill  of  the  Murdered  Scout,  the  country  is  a  level  or  gently- 
rolling  prairie  to  the  foot  of  the  Coteau.  Along  the  valley  of  the  Mouse 
River,  in  this  interval,  there  are  numerous  outcrops  of  lignite,  for  an  account 
of  which  see  Dawson's  report,  before  referred  to. 

THE    COTEAU   OF    THK    MISSOURI. 

The  Coteau  of  the  Missouri  is  one  of  the  singular  physical  character- 
istics of  the  region.  It  extends  in  a  direction  from  northwest  to  southeast 
for  many  hundred  miles,  with  a  height  of  from  two  hundred  to  three  hun- 
dred feet.  At  the  line  it  has  a  width  of  forty-five  miles,  though  without  a 
distinct  western  slope.  The  eastern  slope  is  distinctly  visible  for  a  great 
distance,  and  retains  its  apparent  abruptness  of  outline  nearly  to  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  though  at  that  point  the  rise  is  so 
gradual  as  to  be  almost  imperceptible.  What  its  northern  extension  may 
be  is  not  well  known,  though  it  certainly  extends  beyond  the  Woody 
Mountain.  It  consists  of  a  mass  of  drift,  containing  no  rock  in  place,  and 
very  similar  in  appearance  to  Turtle  Momitain,  which  is  npparently  one  of 
its  out! vers. 


62 


UNITED  STATES  NOItTUERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


i  1 


I 


From  Turtle  Mountain  to  the  southeast,  there  is  a  series  of  rough  hills 
with  intervals  of  rolling  prair'd,  extending  to  Devil's  Lake,  and  thence  to 
Lake  Jesse,  forming,  with  the  Coteau  of  the  Prairie  on  the  eastern  border 
of  Minnesota,  a  line  of  drift-fonuation  almost  exactly  jjarallel,  and  similar 
in  character  to  the  Coteau  of  the  Missouri. 

The  Coteau  forms,  in  the  latitude  of  the  boundary,  jn-etty  nearly  the 
western  limit  of  the  area  adapted  to  agricultural  ijuqioses,  until  the  fertile 
belt  near  the  Rocky  Mountains  is  reached,  though,  as  a  grazing  country,  the 
limit  may  be  placed  somewhat  farther  to  the  west.  The  surface  of  the 
Coteau  consists  of  an  iiregular  collection  of  pointed  hillocks,  growing  more 
and  more  irregular  in  design  and  contoiu',  until  they  are  merged  in  the  bad 
lands. 

These  bad  lands,  or  "mauvaises  terres,"  as  they  are  termed  by  the 
half-breeds,  set  at  defiance  all  rules  of  topography,  as  well  as  all  adequate 
description.  Lacking  even  the  continuous  lines  of  drainage  on  which  the 
eye  may  rest,  and  which  give  form  and  system  to  an  ordinary  terrain,  they 
stretch  in  an  endless  and  tiresome  succession  of  arid  and  treeless  hills  and 
lidges,  a' tumultuous  expanse  df  baked  nmd.  A  large  part  of  the  country 
from  the  western  edge  of  the  Coteau  to  Frenchman's  Creek  may  properly 
be  called  "bad  lands." 

In  this  interval,  the  line  intersects  tlie  headwaters  of  the  Quaking  Ash, 
the  Little  Rocky,  and  Frenchman's  Creek,  the  first  being  a  tributary  of  the 
Missouri  and  the  latter  two  of  the  Milk  River.  Where  crossed  by  the  line, 
they  are  all  small  rivulets.  Frenchman's  Creek,  though  the  largest,  is 
strongly  alkaline. 

WOODY    MOUNTAIN. 

Woody  Mountain,  to  the  northeast  of  the  crossing  of  Frenchman's 
Creek,  lies  about  twenty  miles  within  the  British  territory.  It  is  a  mass  of 
drift,  rising  in  an  irregular  plateau  to  the  lieight  of  3,800  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  is  a  locality  well  known  in  the  Northwest  as  the  winter  rendez- 
vous of  the  half-breed  hunters.  The  cart-trail  from  the  Red  River  settle- 
ments leads  to  AVoody  Mountain,  and  thence  to  Fort  N.  J.  Turnay,  a 
trading-post  on  Frenchman's  Creek,  from  which  point  a  trail  leads  south- 
east to  Fort  Peck,  on  the  Missouri  River. 


KEPOIM  OK  THE  CDIEF  ASTUONOMEU. 


G3 


Going  westward  from  rroncliman's  Creek,  tlio  boundary  lies  about 
midway  between  the  ]\Iilk  River  and  the  Cypress  Hills,  cutting  successively 
the  Cottonwood,  and  the  east  and  Avest  Corks  of  the  former. 

TIIK    TIIllEE    liUTTES. 

Thorp  are  no  special  points  of  topographical  interest  until  the  Three 
Huttes  arc  reached.  These  huttes,  or  "  Sweet  Grass  Hills,"  as  they  are 
called  by  the  half-breeds,  lie  to  the  south  of  the  boundary.  Each  consists 
of  a  dump  of  foot-hills  lying  around  a  central  cone,  which  shoots  up  to  a 
height  of  7,000  feet,  or  more,  above  sea-level.  The  slopes  of  the  principal 
peaks  consist  of  a  mass  of  blocks  of  broken  stone  of  small  size,  which  are 
crossed  and  recrossed  as  closely  as  a  network  of  vines,  by  innumerable 
jjaths  made  by  the  mountain-sheep.  These  buttes  are  the  center  of  the 
feeding-ground  of  the  great  northern  herd  of  buffaloes. 

This  herd,  which  ranges  from  the  IMissouri  IJiver  north  to  the  Sas- 
katchewan, made  its  appearance,  going  south,  about  the  last  of  August. 
The  number  of  animals  is  beyond  all  estimation.  Looking  at  the  front  of 
the  herd  from  an  elevation  of  1,800  feet  above  the  plain,  I  was  unable  to 
see  the  end  in  either  direction.  The  half-breeds,  Sioux,  Assiniboincs,  Gros 
Ventres  of  the  prairie,  and  Blackfeet,  all  follow  the  outskirts  of  this  herd; 
but,  with  all  their  wasteful  slaughter,  they  make  but  little  inijjression  upon 
it.  It  is  even  said  by  the  traders  at  Fort  Benton  that  the  number  of  buffa- 
loes is  increasing,  owing  to  the  destruction  of  the  wolves  in  late  years. 

Numerous  small  ri\ulets  take  their  rise  among  the  foot-hills  surround- 
ing the  buttes,  which,  however,  owing  to  the  rapid  evaporation  during  the 
dry  season,  Avill  scarcely  flow  more  tlian  two  or  three  miles  before  they 
entirely  disapjicar.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  see  one  of  those  little  brooks 
flowing  in  the  early  morning,  but  drying  up  dming  the  later  hours  of  the 
day,  and  again  renewing  its  flow  during  the  cool  hours  of  the  night.  It  is 
singular  that  no  timber  of  any  size  is  to  be  found  among  these  mountains; 
the  only  trees  are  a  stunted  pine,  groAving  along  the  up]ier  slopes. 

The  vicinity  of  the  buttes  is  the  finest  grazing  c(mn1ry  in  the  north 
part  of  Montana,  and,  being  a  rendezvous  for  the  migratory  herds  of  buf- 


64 


UNITED  STATES  NORTIIEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


II 


faloes,  it  is,  as  a  natural  consequence,  a  debatable  ground  of  the  Indian 
tribes  in  the  vicinity. 

Tiie  tribes  disputing  this  temtory  are  the  Blackfeet,  North  Assiniboinos, 
and  the  Gros  Ventres  of  the  prairie,  though  an  occasional  war-party  of 
Sioux  may  be  found,  coining  from  tl»e  direction  of  the  Bear's  Paw  Mountains. 

Westward  from  the  Tlu'ee  Buttes  the  general  character  of  the  country 
improves  rapidly.  After  passing  the  North  Fork  of  the  Milk  River,  the 
eflFect  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  rain-fall  can  be  distinctly  seen  in  the 
increased  growth  of  the  herbage.  The  soil  also  improves,  gradually  but 
very  perceptibly,  up  to  the  very  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  strip 
of  land,  of  about  twenty-five  miles  in  width,  lying  close  to  and  including 
the  foot-hills  of  the  mountains,  has  been  very  appropriately  called  the 
"fertile  belt" 

THE    MILK    RIVKR   RIDQE. 

The  Milk  River  Ridge,  lying  between  the  North  Fork  of  the  Milk 
River  and  the  Saint  Mary's,  is  the  dividing-line  between  the  waters  flowing 
to  the  Missouri  and  those  emptying  into  the  Saskatchewan.  The  distinc- 
tion between  the  two  systems  is  very  marked.  The  streams  flowing  to 
the  south  and  east,  having  their  sources  in  the  prairie  or  low  down  in  the 
foot-hills,  are  sluggish  in  their  flow,  with  a  more  or  less  alkaline  tendency. 
The  South  Fork  is  particularly  noticeable  for  the  milky  color  of  its  waters, 
which  gives  the  name  of  Milk  River  to  the  stream  into  which  it  flows. 
West  of  the  Milk  River  Ridge,  however,  the  two  rivers  crossed,  namely, 
the  Saint  Mary's  and  the  Belly  River,  are  both  mountain-streams,  which 
take  their  rise  in  large  lakes  lying  far  up  among  the  rugged  peaks  of  the 
main  divide.  The  Saint  JkLary's,  although  not  more  than  one  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  in  width,  and  having  at  its  summer  stage  a  depth  of  about  three 
feet,  would  be  a  difficult  stream  to  cross  in  the  early  spring,  owing  to  its 
swift  current  and  the  rough  masses  of  bowlders  which  form  its  bed.  The 
Belly  River  is  of  less  size  but  similar  in  character. 

THE   ROCKY   MOUNTAINS. 

The  main  ridge  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  into  which  the  line  at  this 
point  enters,  has  a  generjil  direction  from  nortliwest  to  southeast.     I  Iiad 


it'iii^ 


i:>t  fftt'iV*^ 


MX- 


(U  I  N[TKl>  8TATKS  NOmrVllN   DlMNn.UJf  t!OMMI>»."^l(' • 

t'uioos,  it  i«j  u»  It  nuiiii'il   ci.iioi-'jiK'iin  .  u  (!iiiin;iV.|.>  (TtHUi.!  ..f  il,.'   Inlin)' 
ir'ihvA  in  thu  vicMiify 

Tlio  tiibc'.s dinpiitiii^  this  f«'nitoi y  im<  lln'  H!  ii-klvrj,  Xoitli  A  ^e. 

.mil  thi'  (JiT»»  Voiitiert  nf  the  pmirif.  tJniuyli  nil   iK'<"jisi«m(il  \vnr-pan\   el 
Sioux  m.'i\  befi>'  '    .  •..    ■ 

W.-t  •      ; 
ir.irno- 


Th, 


'    1    ' "     111 
'■,    ,>;   1  ".  lilt' 

III!' 

iiii|ir'>\iM,  ^'nniiii  ll\    Uiii 


iV    !• 


I.  Mi'imtnii^H.     'J'lio  :-!rI]> 

I.  i^i'l};   »'l')>-<>  tn  mni  iiu'l'ditit;,' 
II  IV     l';l^•••|;{llii•tt•l^     .■•illril    l|lf 


\(<r\   ;  »jv.<ptiiil} 
•  U"  liiivl    («l    I  fuiit  P* 
lh('   f''»i"l  hilirt  nf    tiif   rr<ii,. I  ■.[,!!  .        •     <• 
'ti'ilili'lMj't" 

THK    M:!;K     If",  t  ft    IMl.ijI, 

Tlic   Mi'k-    Rivfr   Ri'jo;'*',  lyhiu   Ik-Iw*'.  i.   tli.     K'.;tl.  Fcrk  of  t!.<' Mi'ii 
River  lUit!  iho  Snint  i\rn.ryV,  iw  tlio  ilivii!iii<:j  liiic  l:i'tvv..'fii  i!ic  vvnlc-rt  Unvi),.^ 
to  ;1mi  .AtifiHuiiri  ;i)i<I   iin.si    rirti'*^  *■•.<>   iniu  Hf  ^^iisknfclu  \\,"u).     Thi-  iliftini: 
tic!     1-«^tWi)»'H    f^J;  1  uir-    is    <i-;     \ii,i t 'i.i.<l.        fin:   't'''-;'ni-<  li«A\iil"    N> 

ihv  y^yith  aii't  .        .  ...  .i      |,iai!'f    n  iiiw  ('.t.nu  in  tin- 

fttdt-iiiil!',  at'    •'  .    i.r  lies  lii .  1';,"  t' iiiii'iM  V- 

Tlu-  !>OUth    .         •  •    ■;     liliik^    ('111"!'  I,}'  ilr<  \\ilttl>. 

wlii'H  ^''vt-.-.  !;  ••   c'lmf  n:    N.  :!<    ''ivr  ,         ■  ■  irt     -i.ti     wli'.i'h    il   llov.^. 

\Vi',>it  fii'  thii  Mi'.K  I'iv-  ''r,'!',  I'l' '  '■•■"■  ■'  <^-  'jvnr  rrc-'Sfd,  n.iind), 
tl.o  Siiiiii;  .'.l.t-y'.s  ;i.nii  'An*  I.U  l!\  Tu-or  ;ii>i  l-'th  iii.'H  tiiiii-r<tivnnis,  w  Iiirji 
take  *  lit  ir  /wi  in  l.ii'^-.'  l;ik<s  iyiii;."  far  ui)  "iiiofi;^- tlie  i'ii'ri!i'<l  pi-iik^  -i  tK." 
■i  Till.-  Siiiiit  AFniy's,  fi'tli'm^'li  iiol.  rii'ii-«>  thuji  <'t:t  Innutn'u  .unl 
I,  ..!:•!  !     ^ii;/  tit  i(o  ,-i'nmiicr     iJi':!'  ;:     '"j  ili  n''     b'";!  tlin  i- 

'.'  M    tH    '   ri».-S.«     in      iK       I-  ill-       -^1      ;!...',       l\V;|;''l..     M 

■I    1         .■•■(:  .1  «;i,i>%<H>    III'    li'>\vl  '■     -1    •    !       >     '•:•!•    ;)"   i  < '!         (. .«; 
bi't  -riui'lar  iu  ('l):5rj»««'- 


IHfiT 

tV«i 
iveli 


Till' Jiirufi  'mJito  ol   !l,     Uo' uy  Ml  iinTui.iS,  iiitf   ■••!.'   n   ?>(*>  Jifw    .it  tfii^ 
priint  oiilortt.  iiiL-.  a   ^ciitrai   'iini  i 'iti   ijuui   mulluvi  *!  I...  .r«>u';'i'H''       i  liiul 


ill 

^ 

r    -' 

■' 

:  M 

»'i-i 

.', 

; 

f^ 

F: 

it 

\ 

;  s 


f 


I, 


8-^ 


KEPORT  OF  THE  CUIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


65 


been  led  to  suppose  that  the  ascent  to  the  summit  wr.s  a  gradual  slope,  and 
was  greatly  surprised  to  find  that  the  rolling  prairie  abutted  sharply  against 
an  inipass  jle  escarpment  of  rocky  precipices.  It  was  found  to  be  impos- 
sible to  cu-ry  a  continuous  line  ux'en  so  far  as  the  crossing  of  the  Belly 
River,  and  the  three  stations  at  this  point,  the  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  and 
the  old  monument  on  the  summit  of  the  main  divide,  are  connected  by 
traverses.  The  last  station  observed  astronomically  Avas  on  the  west  shore 
ot  Cliief  Mountain  Lake,  seven  miles  from  the  ^lunmit,  and  was  reached  by 
rafting  from  the  north  e.ul  of  the  lake.  The  connection  between  the  two 
final  stations  was  made  by  a  traverse  of  thirty-five  miles,  through  the  South 
Kootanie  Pass.  Chief  Mountain  Lake  has  a  length  of  nine  miles,  and  is 
bordered  so  closely  by  the  precipitous  slopes  of  the  surrounding  mountains 
that  it  is  impossible  to  make  one's  way  along  the  shore,  even  on  foot. 

The  highest  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the  vicinity  of  the  bound- 
ary is  at  the  southeast  end  of  the  lake,  and  has  an  elevation  above  the  sea- 
level  of  10,400  feet.  The  elevation  of  the  lake  is  about  4,000  feet,  which 
may  also  be  taken  as  the  height  of  the  base  of  the  main  range. 

N  B 5 


' 


f^  II  A  I'T  E  U      II. 

(JKNKRAL    NAKRATIVK. 

t 

Tlie  field-work  of  llio  ("oninuHsion  o(;ciii)ie(l  a  part  of  the  summer  of 
1872,  and  (  f  the  two  followiiif,-'  years,  1«73  and  1874. 

'The  a«!t  of  a|)proj)riation  authorizin{»'  the  survey  was  approved  March 
1!',  1872,  but  the  iiehl-parties  of  the  joint  commission  did  not  meet  on  the 
line  until  the  1st  of  Heptemher.  At  that  time  the  eiif^inccr  officers  attached 
totlie  United  States  commission  were  Maj.  F.  II.  Kar((uhar,  chicif  astronomer, 
Capt.  \V.  .1.  Twining,  Capt.  J.  I''.  Gregory,  and  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene. 

UniUu"  the  instructions,  of  Major  Fanpdiar,  I  took  charge  of  the  astro- 
nomical jiarties,  and  Captain  Gregory,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Greene,  began 
the  survey  of  the.  line. 

TIk!  initial  point  of  the  survey  was  fixed,  by  joint  observation,  at  Pem- 
bina, and  the  following  sclicmi!  was  agreed  upon  by  tlu;  chief  astronomers 
<d'  the  two  coinmissions,  and  approvcul  by  \\u'  conunissioners. 

Astronomical  stations  were  to  be  observed  at  a])pro.\imate  intervals  of 
twenty  miles.  The  ])oints  so  d';t(!rmine<I  in  latitud<!  were  to  be  considered 
as  absolute^  The  connection  Irom  one  station  to  the  ne.\t  in  suc^cession, 
was  to  be  made  by  a  tangent-line  to  the  prime  vertical  circle  at  the  first  sta- 
tion. From  the  line  so  traced  and  marked  n])on  tlu;  ground,  the  proper 
cahudated  offsets  to  the  circle  of  latitude  were  to  l)(i  measured  at  certain 
intervals.  I'Vom  the  last  calculated  olfset  tin;  relative  error  of  position  duo 
to  observation  and  the  local  deflection  of  the  plumb-line,  was  to  be  deduced, 
and  each  intermediate  jjoint,  already  fixed,  was  to  be  cdrrectcd  by  the  pntper 
))roi)ortional  amount,  (htpending  upon  its  distance  from  the  initial  |)oint. 

Each  commission  agreed  to  make  a  top(>graphical  survey  of  a  belt  of 
territory  five  miles  wide  on   its  own  si<le  of  the  line,  and  it  was  agreed  to 

117 


m 


4 
n 


i  I! 


68 


UNITED  STATUS  NOUTnEUN    BODNDAUY  COMMISSION 


consolidate  tlie  topographical  work  of  both  ])arties  on  a  series  of  maps,  on 
a  scale  of  on(;  inch  to  two  miles.  It  was  also  finally  agreed  to  plant  iron 
monuments  along  the  southern  border  of  Manitoba,  from  longitude  \)(i^  to 
longitiule  99'^,  at  intervals  of  one  mile,  and,  west  of  Manitoba,  to  mark  the 
line  by  stone  pyramids  or  otherwise,  at  approximate  intervals  of  three  miles, 
to  the  sununit  of  the  Kocky  Mountains. 

Where  forests  were  encountered,  a  clear  cutting  was  to  be  carried 
through.  "The  northwest  j)oint''  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  as  detennined 
by  a  previous  joint  coniuiission,  was  to  be  recovered,  ami  a  due-south  lino 
was  to  be  surveyed  and  marked  from  that  jioinl  to  the  forty-ninth  j)arallel, 
or  until  it  cut  the  waters  of  the  lake,  'i'ho  several  points  of  agreenieut 
ubov(i  given  were  taken  by  the  chief  astrononuirs  as  the  basis  of  their  work, 
and  finally  received  the  approval  (if  both  commissioners. 

During  the  months  of  Septendjer  and  (J('tober,  I  observed  one  latitu<lo 
station  on  the  lied  Hiver  and  one  on  the  west  slioro  of  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  where  it  is  intersected  by  the  parallel  of  4y. 

The  couVitry  being  imjjassable  between  the  two  jioints,  it  was  necessary, 
in  order  to  reach  the  latter,  to  go  hj-  Wi'.y  of  Foit  Garry,  thence  by  the 
Dawson  Road  to  the  Northwest  Angle,  ami  by  small  boats  to  the  ])aral]el.  In 
this  duty  I  was  greatly  delay<'d  by  accidents  and  the  state  of  the  weather. 
My  orders  wer(j  to  observe  also  at  the  Northwest  Anglo,  l>ut  not  to  di-lay 
beyond  the  7th  of  November.  I  remained  at  the  angle,  aftcjr  returning  bom 
the  lower  station,  until  that  date,  without  being  able  to  fix  a  station,  on 
account  of  (continuous  stomm.  I  then  returned  to  Pembina,  which  I  reached 
on  the  14th  of  Novend)er,  and  then*  receivc^d  orders  to  return  to  Haiut  I'aul. 

In  the  mean  tinu;  Major  Farcjuhar  and  Captain  Amh  ison  had  fou'id 
what  were  suppos(Ml  to  b(i  the  remains  of  tlic  old  moi.nmeut,  and  after  sufli- 
ciently  verifying  its  jjosition,  had  start,(-d  the  nicridian-linc  to  the  south. 
Lieutenant  (jlr(;en'  had  carried  the  first  tang'ut  eastward  iron,  the  IJed 
River  thirty-three  niilen.  The  F.nglish  parti(,'S  i.ad  also  observed  ou';  astro- 
nomical .station  east  of  the  lied  h'ivcr,  in  additicn  to  th(!  join!  stations  at 
i'eml)ina  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woo'is. 

Owing  to  tho  lack  of  funds,  the  parties  of  this  commission  could  7U)t 


HEPOUT  OF  TUE  CniEF  ASlUONOMEIi. 


69 


remain  in  the  field  diiriiifr  tlu!  winter,  Imt  left  tin;  nneoiajjleled  line,  l)ct\vcen 
tiie  lied  liiver  and  tin;  Lake  of  the  Woods,  i'ur  another  season. 

The  Knj^lish  «oiniuissi<ni,  beinif  barracked  near  I'enihiiia,  were  able  to 
<'i>un)!ete  their  aslroMoriiieai  and  tciwyrupliical  work,  on  that  part  of  the 
boundary,  dniing  the  winter. 

'I  he  winter  of  lS72-"7i}  was  passed  in  active  ]»ropariition  for  the  follow- 
ing season.  Tlie  astroiiomieal  and  top(jgraphi(;al  notes  of  the  j)rece'ding 
summer  wore  worked,  and  the  declinations  of  the  stars  to  be  used  for  lati- 
tude observittion  were  prej)ar(;d,  the  eomput!itiun.s  hein<r  made  for  every  tiftli 
day,  fnmi  Juno  1  to  8eptind>er  ;;().  The  ofHce  of  the  eonanission,  (Uuing 
this  winter,  was  located  in  Detroit,  Miih. 

In  the  s])rin^'  of  )87.i,  Majfir  Far(|uliar  )iavin<i'  been  relieved  from  the 
eonnuission  at  his  own  retjuest,  1  was  ajipointf-d  chief  astrononi'r  and  sur- 
veyor, '^riie  j)arties  were  organized  in  Sai'it  Paul.  Minn.,  an<l  reached  Pem- 
bina on  the  1st  of  ,fune.  (japtain  Gre}.v<>ry  wa.s  phu'ed  in  iharge  of  an  astro- 
nomical l)arty,  I  taking  otie  myself,  and  giving  Lieutenant  fTreene  the  gcTi- 
ural  care  of  the  line  and  the  toj)ogr;iph) .  'V]u'.  English  b -ing  ready  to  take 
tlu!  field,  there  was  no  delay.  After  ol)serviiig  jointly  the  stations  at  Point 
Michel  and  tli<  eastern  base  of  tlu!  Pembina  Mountain,  it  \ins  tliunght  best, 
the  methods  biting  essentially  the  same,  and  the  results  on  the  tbiir  j(iint 
deteiiniuations  agreeing  very  nearly,  to  carry  forward  the  astronomical  Nvork 
by  alternate  stations,  liy  tic;  nmtiiods  adopted  the  lin<'  was  cheeked  every 
twenty  miles,  a  new  depaiture  being  made  at  each  astronomical  station. 
Tlui  cutting  in  Pembina  Mountain  was  coninetieed  on  liie  east  by  the 
Knglisli,  and  on  tlu;  west  by  the  panics  under  Lieutenant  (ireene,  and  the 
station  on  the  sunnnit  nf  t'lc  plateau  of  Pcmliina  Mountain  was,  meanwhile, 
o))served  by  Assistant  ]^o^H.  Captain  (iregor)-,  having  (d)servcd  at  tlm  sta- 
tion at  Long  Uiver.  moved  forward  to  South  AMtler  Cn'ck,  while  I  took  the 
station  or    1m-  west  side  of  Turtie  Mountain 

l*Mriny  these  movemei.tH  the  I'nited  States  parties  were  accompaiiie«l 
by  an  escort  of  two  n  m))an!es  of  ilie  Seventh  ('i!^a]r\,  and  ( 'a})t.  A  A. 
Uarhach's  company  of  the  I'wentieth  lidaiitry,  ail  being  und^r  the  cdin- 
maud  of  Maj.  MarcuM  A.  lieno.      Majoi-   Keno  establisln  il  his  iKpot  at  tW* 


It 


M 


M 


Mi 


70 


UNITED  STATES  NORTnEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


second  crossirifr  of  Mouse  River,  at  which  point  the  main  body  of  the  escort 
was  collected. 

In  'i^irtle  Mountain  the  first  serious  difiiculty  and  delay  was  encoun- 
tered. The  cuttinjr  at  this  point,  which  I  had  supposed  would  not  exceed 
twenty  miles  in  lenf^tli,  was  found  to  bo  thirty-four  miles.  Owing-  to  the 
dense  mass  of  small  nnd(T<:rrowth,  the  cuttinjr  was  most  difficult,  as  the 
parties  were  not  prepared  to  meet  so  formidable  an  obstacle. 

Leaving  Lieutenant  Greene  at  Turtle  Mountain,  I  uioved  forward 
to  the  lliviere  des  Lacs,  and  obst'i'ved  the  station  near  that  point,  while 
Captain  Gn^gory  moved  to  a  station  midway  between  the  third  and  fourth 
crossiuffs  of  the  Jfons*!  Kiver. 

It  had  been  aj^reed  between  the  English  chief  astronomer  and  myself, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  summer,  that  we  would  iittempt  to  complete  the 
survey  of  the  line  for  the  distance  of  four  hundred  miles,  during  that  sum- 
mer. It  was  now  evident  that  it  could  be  done  with  ease  by  the  astronomi- 
cal parties,  but  that,  owing  to  the  delay  in  '^i'urths  Mountain,  the  surveyors 
woidd  have  great  dilHcidty  in  completing  their  allotted  task.  I  thenifore 
sent  Gaptain  (iregory  forward  to  fix  tlie  reniiiining  three  astronomical 
points,  and  establi.shed  my  camp  at  the  Wood  End,  near  the  third  crossing 
of  Mouse  River. 

'I'lie  rivt  1  liore  is  no  longer  a  running  stream,  the  water  being  found 
only  iii  ))ooI.s.  The  valley  also  becomes  nuich  less  distinctly  cut,  while  the 
wotid  (h-finitely  ceases.  Tlu;  half-breed  rosid  which  ha«l  so  conveniently 
followed  liear  the  line  for  so  gri'at  ii  distance,  leads  up  the  valley  of  the 
river,  skirting  the  (idge  of  the  Cotc^au  at  a  respectful  distance,  to  avoid  the 
rough  j^round.  It  was  evident  that  it  was  to  Ik^  of  no  more  usc!  to  us,  as  its 
direction  was  too  iiincli  ti>  the  iiortii.  The  advanced  party,  therefore,  reluc- 
tantly leaving  the  smooth,  beaten  ])ath  which  had  seem(;d  like  a  cotjiiecting 
link  with  civilized  life,  turned  abruptly  westward,  and  ]ilung(stl  into  the  hills 
of  the  Goteau.  The  detail  of  the  work  i)erfornied  by  this  party,  as  given 
by  Gaptain  (iicgory.  "il'.  ),(.  found  in  lijs  n^port,  which  is  transmitted  h(^re- 
witli.  Tluf  diilicuities  encountered,  and  the  sutfeririys  endiireil  (i\  histartv, 
in  the  storm  which  shortly  alter  broke  upon  them,  while  among  tin    bad 


I 


Ulil'OKT  OF  TU15  CHIEF  ASTUONOMEU. 


71 


IuikUs  west  of  the  Cotoaii,  1  coiuiiuukI  to  the  con-sideration  of  tlioHo  theorists 
wlio  liavo  insiMtC'd  ondrawiiijf  an  isothermal  lint)  of  GO"  throuffh  this  rej^ion. 

For  some  daya  after  tlie  departure  of  the  workinfr-parties,  the  weather 
remained  clear  and  bri<rht ;  but  on  the  20th  of  September  a  sudden  fall  of 
the  barometer  indicated  an  apjiroachiiiff  stonn.  During  the  night  it  broke 
upon  us  in  a  mingled  snow  and  rain,  the  wind  blowing  a  furious  gale  fronv 
the  northwest.  Throughout  the  day  flocks  of  ducks  and  other  aquiitic  birds 
had  been  winging  tlieir  way  towards  the  south,  while  at  night  the  air  was 
fdled  Avith  wild  geese  urging  their  flight  before  th(!  tenii)est,  and  piercing 
the  sky  with  harsh  cries  and  the  rushing  of  wings.  Aly  camp  being  comfort- 
ably located  in  a  deep  valh'y,  and  covered  from  the  violence  of  the  wind 
by  a  dense  grove  of  trees,  I  was  scarcely  aware  of  the  real  fury  of  the 
storm.  At  the  AVood  lOnd  we  were  api)arcnt]y  on  the  eastern  edge,  aiul  the 
snow,  although  falling  continuously  for  several  days,  did  not  lie  heavily 
upon  the  ground.  I'he  working-parties  in  the  Coteau  caught  its  full  force, 
and  being  on  short  allowance  and  without  the  shelter  of  timber,  suffered 
severely.  The  snow  fell  to  the  dejith  of  ten  inclu.'s  (»n  a  level,  while  the 
weather  was  bitterly  cold.  It  is  a  source  of  wonuer  to  me  that  the  entire 
train  of  animals  did  not  perish. 

On  the  Hth,  (Japtain  Gregory  returned  with  his  l)arty,  his  aninials 
worn  out  and  totidly  exhausted  with  fatigne  and  hunger,  they  having  been 
for  three  days  without  forage.  lie  rej)ortcd  having  j  assed  Lieutenant 
Greene  at  the  three  hundred  and  eighty  mile  point.  That  oflicer.  thougli 
nmcli  delayeil,  had,  with  his  accustomed  energy,  pushed  his  work  along 
regardless  of  weather,  and  nov/  reported  that  he  would  be  at  the  depot  on 
the  14th. 

Our  supplies  l)eing  short,  I  at  once  started  back  to  the  second  crossing 
of  Mouse  River,  reaching  it  by  easy  niarc^hiis  in  three  days  Ijcaving  orders 
here  for  Lieutenant  Greene  to  join  me  at  Fort  Totten,  and  to  use  his  own 
discretion  in  regard  to  liis  route,  1  at  once  started  directly  across  the  coun- 
try. There  was  a  suflicient  supply  of  provisions,  and  by  eking  out  the 
forage  with  Hour  and  hard  bread,  I  was  ul)le  to  make  a  half  ration  ol  for- 
age. The  pruirie  had  been  burning  in  every  dinctiun  for  several  days,  and 
it  WHS  evident  that  not  much  grass  could  Iw  tumid.     From  previous  expe- 


I' 

m 


.'1 


73 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTDEUN   BOUNDARY  COxMMISSION. 


rionce,  I  felt  certiiin  tliat  tliero  was  no  part  of  that  country  in  wliicli  ovvn- 
Kioiial  pools  of  water  could  not  Ijo  foiuul,  and  I  (jnly  feared  that  wo  ini<rht 
l)e  caufrht  in  another  heavy  stonn  while  on  the  open  plainn.  I  therefore 
directed  the  march  toward  what  I  supposed  to  he  the  head  of  the  Cut  Hank 
Creek,  which  wo  reached  after  a  march  of  twenty-four  miles,  having  suf- 
fered much  for  want  of  water.  We  found  it  to  he  a  succession  of  pools, 
and,  hy  f<»llowinjf  down  along  the  old  half-breed  trail,  crossed  the  Mouse 
River  two  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  Willow  Creek.  I  hesitated,  here, 
whether  to  follow  south  up  the  Mouse  River  two  days,  and  then  strike  for 
Lake  Gijreau,  or  to  take  the  risk  of  crossing  the  open  plain  on  a  direct  course 
for  Devil's  hake.  Ascending  (me  of  the  sand  hillocks,  and  looking  east,  I 
could  just  distinguish  the  top  of  a  butte  resting  like  a  dark  spot  on  tho  dis- 
tant horizon.  This  promised  water,  and  I  therefore  started  for  it  the  next 
morning.  We  [jassed  at  noon  a  shallow  pond  of  fre.sh  water,  and  after 
marching  over  a  flat  [)lain  which  w<»uld  be  imi)assable  for  wagons  in  wet 
weather,  camped  by  a  stinking  jiool  in  a  ridge  of  hills  which  ajipears  to  be 
a  ])rolongation  of  Turtle  M(mntaiii,  though  separattid  from  it  by  a  low  plain 
of  scmie  width. 

The  prairie  fires,  which  for  some  days  had  been  burning  brightlj'  in 
every  direction,  had  swept  every  vestige  of  grass  fi'oni  these  plains,  exciept 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ponds,  leaving  the  ground  (covered  with  a 
light  film  of  ashes.  Our  march  from  this  point  was  most  distressing,  owing 
to  this  cause.  A  strong  east  wind  raised  the  du.st  and  a.shes  in  clouds,  tilling 
the  eyes,  nose,  and  mouth  with  an  irritating  alkali,  which  bit  and  snuirted 
with  undying  zeal 

We  reache<l  Fort  Totten  on  the  20th  October,  the  only  notable  camp 
being  that  on  the  Hurricane  Lake.  This  lake,  of  which  I  had  never  hea-cl 
before,  although  tolerably  familiar  with  that  part  of  the  country,  is  a  beau- 
tiful sheet  of  water,  perhaj)s  a  mile  in  width.  The  north  and  west  banks 
are  covered  by  a  heavy  forest.  In  the  lake  is  a  large  island,  partly  tim- 
bered and  partly  prairie,  connected  with  the  north  shore  by  a  swami)y  jjenin- 
sula  which  is  imjiassable,  even  on  foot.  'J'he  water  is  green  and  clear,  and  a 
perfect  delight  to  the  traveler  wearied  and  disgusted  with  the  usual  alkaline 
or  otl'ensive  fresh  waters  of  the  plains.     I  think  this  lake  is  the  head  of  tho 


IlKPORT  or  TIIK  ClilKF  AHTIiONOMKK. 


7;{ 


north  brancli  ai'  tint  I)i<^  (!uiil(',  wliicli  cinptics  into  tlu!  SluiyoniK*,  iind  am 
(|nit()  ccrtiiin  that  it  had  novcr  bot'oro  be-on  visited  by  wliitc  men. 

Li(3ntenant  Gioono  arrived  on  the  22d  with  his  party.  lie  had  fol- 
low(!d  down  tiie  Mouse  Itiver  from  tlie  s(!cond  erossiii}^  mitil  ho  reached  tho 
groat  bend,  and  then  had  madi;  a  strai^^ht  trail  to  Uovil's  Lake. 

I  had  made  arran<romonts  at  F(;nibina  to  eompleto  tho  survey  b(;twoon 
tho  lied  Wivor  and  tho  Lake  of  tlus  Woods  durinff  tho  winter.  A  work  so 
dinicult  could  only  bo  justified  by  the  fact  that  the  {ground  was  utterly  im- 
passable! in  siunmor.  'I'ho  freezing  of  tho  swamps  would  enable  tho  supply- 
train  to  move  east  as  far  as  the  Roseau  Lake.  J  had,  thoroforo,  caused  hay 
to  b(j  cut  at  several  ])oints,  and  a  part  of  the  winter  clothing  to  bo  prejjarod. 
Lioutonant  Greene,  being  in  charge  of  tho  to[)ographical  work,  took  charge 
of  th(!  party  detailed.  Tluf  men,  thougli  they  had  had  a  rather  rough  sum- 
mer, most  of  them,  readily  volunteered  for  the  Avinter.  Having  detailed  tho 
party  to  remain,  and  provid(Ml  it  with  the  nec(tssary  transportation,  I  cf)n- 
solidated  whit  was  left  into  two  parties,  and  on  tho  morning  of  tho  24th 
took  up  tho  march  to  Fort  Howard.  Tim  weather  was  iU)W  unusually  c<dd, 
with  heavy  winds  fnmi  tho  north  and  constant  snow.  The  ice  on  tho  ponds 
was  iivo  inch"s  thick.  The  men  suffered  greatly,  as  their  clothing  was 
iiardly  suitable  forsi.ch  oxi)osuro.     Wc;  arrived  on  the  28th  at  Fort  Seward. 

'J^ho  animals  l)eing  worn  down  with  work,  I  left  nutst  of  the  wagons  in 
stonj,  retaining  only  enough  to  carry  forage,  and  started  tho  herd  to  Saint 
Cloud,  Minn.,  inidor  charge  of  tlu^  (puirtermast(!r's  clerk,  with  a  suflicient 
number  of  herders.  The  remaining  men  were  scsnt  by  rail  to  Saint  I'aul, 
where  thoy  were  dischi':g<id. 

The  oflico  was  still  retained  at  Detroit,  i)Ut,  tlai  topographers  being  in 
tho  field,  no  work  could  bo  done  on  tlu;  maps.  The  comp\itors  at  oncci 
Ix'gan  pr(fj)aration  of  the  ei)hemeris  for  tho  ensuing  ye<u\  In  this  ephem- 
eris  the  apparent  jdaces  of  tho  stars  to  be  us(;d  were  comjnited  for  every 
tilth  day.  This  work  being  done  in  tli(!  onicu  saved  many  vexatious  delays 
in  tho  field,  and  enabled  mo  to  count  with  cei'tainty  on  a  prompt  and  rajjid 
niovoinont  of  the  several  pai'ticis. 

Tho  detail  of  the  winter  work  in  tho  field,  undiir  the  charge  of 
Lieutenant  (Jreene,  will   be   found   in   his  n])ort.      It  ]iresents  manv  points 


rmm 


I    ! 


74 


UNITKI)  8TATKS  NOIITIIKHN    llOUNDAUY  COMMIHHION. 


of  intorest,  on  iiccoiint  of  its  novolty.  ItH  difliciiltiuH  woro  mot  witli  jcrciit 
<^«)o(l  jii(l<^iii('iit  liy  lilt;  (>nic((r  in  cimrj^c.  Of  tliiw  tlu»  lujst  proof  is  tliat 
no  aniniiils  wcro  lost,  iinti  none  of  tlio  men  scnonsiy  frozen,  iiltlioii;,''li 
fxposcd  for  niontlis  in  tlio  ordinary  aAocations  of  camp  and  fiold  dnrin<^ 
tli(!  most  scvci'o  woatlu'i'.  Tlu!  capaMlitics  of  this  rc^^ion  for  scttliTncnt. 
art)  already  snilicicntly  proven  by  practice,  l)iit  tlu;  incidents  of  tint  snrv(;y 
show  tliat,  with  proper  forcthonf^ht  and  preparation,  tho  rigors  of  the  winter 
aro  littlo  to  Lc  dreaihul. 

'I'lie  tiold-partios  finished  their  allotted  task,  and  returned  to  Saint 
Paul  on  the  14th  of  March,  where  they  vv(;ro  discharged. 

Tending  the  passage  of  the  act.  of  aj)propriation  i'or  tlui  siu'voy,  work 
was  commenced  on  tlu*  prc^liminary  maj)s,  and  all  ne(;essary  preparation 
waH  niude  for  tho  active  field-o])eratio)is  of  the  ensuing  sununer. 

As  the  parties  could  not  he  organize<l  before  the  passage  of  the  appro- 
priation for  the  following  year,  there  would  only  be  four  months  in  whicii 
to  reach  tho  ground,  comjdete  the  survey,  and  to  return.  Of  this  time  at 
least  ono-half  would  b(t  occu])i(!d  in  travel,  htaving  only  the  short  spac(!  of 
tw(*  months  to  mak(;  the  survt^y.  I  .scarcely  expcfcted  to  accomplish  tho 
work  in  this  time,  and  had  made  estimates  looking  toward  a  retreat  by  way 
of  Salt  Lake,  or  for  a  winter's  march  of  six  weeks  to  Fort  Abercrombie. 
Neither  of  these  alternatives  presented  any  great  attraction,  and  it  is 
l)erhaps  du(;,  in  j)art,  to  this  that  the  survey  was  pushed  aUmg  with  such 
remarkal)le  r  idity.  All  preparations  had  betni  made  to  organize  tho 
exjiedition  ' .  train  which  had  wintered  at  Saint  Cloud  was  sent,  und(!r 
charge  of  i  ■  ;nant  Ludley,  by  rail  to  Bismarck,  taking  up  on  tho  way 
tho  wagons  loii  at  Fort  Seward. 

I  was  notified  of  the  passage  of  tlie  appropriation  on  tho  Hth  of  June, 
and  started  for  IJismarck  with  tho  ])arties  fully  organiztid,  on  tho  fith. 
Keaching  Bismarck  (m  the  Sth,  I  found  tho  .steamer  Fontenello  waiting, 
but,  contrary  to  tlic  spirit  of  the  contract  made  at  Saint  I'anl,  tlu;  Ijoat  had 
1)0011  loaded  with  two  huiidred  tons  of  freight.  'J^his,  with  our  wagons  ami 
animals,  crannned  tho  steamer  to  its  utmost  cajjacity,  and  made  a  rapid  trip 
to  Fort  Buford  an  impossibility.  Tho  rivor  was  high,  running  with  a  strong 
current,  and  it  was  manifest  that  five  days  was  too  little  tinu;  for  the  boat. 


ItlOPOUT  OF  TIIK  VIUKV  AHTItONOMKU. 


75 


l(»!i(l(f(l  lis  it,  wiiH,  ovoii  Huppnsiii^r  it  possible  under  any  circuiiiHtanccH,  wliicli 
I  very  nmcli  doiilitcd.  Tlit'io  wns  notliiii}^  (;l«o  to  bo  done  but  to  resi{>n 
ono's  Hclf  to  !i  week  of  utter  wciirinoss  and  discoudiDrt.  In  other  and  rnf»re 
civilized  lands  the  word  "steamer"  convifys  an  idea  of  speed,  as  well  as  a 
(rertuin  assurance  of  (loiufort,  and  at  least  a  seniblanco  of  the  ways  and 
pra(!ti(H'H  of  ordinary  life,  liut  no  one  in  sean^li  of  tho  amenities  need  look 
on  the  deck  of  an  ui)-river  boat.  Tho  Jndl  is  a  shallow  box,  over  which  is 
thrown  ii  li}>;ht  deck  an<l  small  cabin  suj)port(;d  on  np:l<,dit  posts.  'I'he 
niacrliinery  is  ronjrh,  prinutivo  in  desif^n,  and  constantly  sufrgestive  of  un- 
pleasant accidents.  The  hi<5h-pres.sure  eiif^ines,  (!xhaustin<if  in  the  open  air, 
thunipinff  owv  the  centers,  with  leaky  oylinder?  badly  packed,  or,  as  in  this 
case,  cracked  and  rudiily  banded  with  iron,  can  hardly  be  called  reassurinfr. 
The  lif^ht,  thin  u|)per  works,  burned  in  hundreds  of  holes  by  the  sparks 
which  are  constantly  flyiufr  in  clouds  over  tho  deck,  sugf^est  an  alternative 
scarccdy  nion;  inviting.  As  an  actual  fact,  however,  1  do  not  recollect  ever 
to  havct  heard  of  a  single  cast;  of  accident  by  exjdosion  of  boil(;rs  or  by  lire 
on  the  Upper  Missouri.  I  am  disposed  to  class  this,  also,  among  the  special 
provid(!nceH,  rather  than  to  attribute  it  to  any  skill  on  the  part  of  the  build- 
ers or  owners.  Certaiidy  no  thought  of  anything  so  worthless  as  human 
lite  (Altered  into  their  calculation.  Tho  power  of  the  machinery  is  ajipar- 
ently  calculated  with  reference  to  down-stream  work  in  a  swift  (current,  for, 
by  the  kindliest  estimate  of  its  pca'forniance,  I  have  not  been  able  to  figure 
an  up-stream  .speed  so  great  as  three  miles  an  hour. 

Owing  to  the  slow  jn'ogre.ss  made  by  the  boat,  I  was  obliged  to  land 
tho  live  stftck  at  the  Tol)a«"co  Garden,  and  herd  it  from  that  point  to  Kort 
Ihiford,  where  it,  arrived  on  the  ITith  of  June,  a  few  hours  after  tho  boat. 
I''iv(i  days  w(!re  (consumed  in  shoeing  the  animals  and  making  other  nece.s- 
sary  preparations.  The  escort,  consisting  of  two  companies  of  the  Seventh 
(Javalry  and  five  companies  of  the  Sixth  Infantry,  with  their  train,  was  con- 
centrated here,  under  the  conunand  of  Major  Marcus  A.  Reno. 

On  the  21.st  tho  exj)e<iition  .started  from  Foil  liuford.  Supplies  Str  six 
weeks  wen;  carried  in  tlu,'  (rain,  and  arrangements  had  been  made  to  have 
further  supplies  .sent  up  from  Fort  Henton.  On  njaching  tho  IJig  Muddy  it 
was  found  to  be  imjiassable,  and  we  were  delayed  a  day  and  a  half  building 


11;  ^ 


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^^^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


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1.4 


6' 


Photograpliic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


i3  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WnSTIR.N.Y.  USIO 

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76 


UNITED  STATES  KOETHERN  BOUNDAEY  COMMISSION. 


a  bridge.  The  stream  was  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide  and  five  feet 
deep,  with  a  soft  mud  bottom,  which  made  it  very  difficidt  to  Hct  up  the 
trestles.  On  the  25th  we  reached  the  Quaking  Ash  or  Poplar  Kiver,  where 
tlic  various  parties  separated.  Tlie  topograpliical  parties,  under  Lieutenant 
Greene,  escorted  by  tliree  companies  Sixth  Infantry,  followed  up  this  stream 
to  the  boundary.  The  details  of  their  march  and  subsequent  operations 
will  be  found  in  the  report  of  Lieutenant  Greene. 

Captain  Gregory  continued  with  the  main  party  as  far  as  the  Little 
Rocky,  where  ho  branched  off,  accompanied  by  Ca])tain  IJryant,  with  two 
companies,  to  the  noithwest,  intending  to  make  his  first  astronomical  station 
to  the  east  of  Frenchman's  Creek;  but,  becoming  involved  in  the  bad  lands, 
ho  was  obliged  to  cross  that  stream  fourteen  miles  below  the  line,  at  Fort 
Tumay,  and  follow  up  the  west  bank. 

I  continued  with  the  remainder  of  the  escort,  which  marched  up  the 
valley  of  the  Milk  Kiver,  pas.sing  Fort  lielknap,  and  finally  established  a 
camp  on  the  Sandy,  a  southern  bnmch  of  the  Milk  River,  about  forty-five 
miles  from  Fort  Benton.  At  Fort  Relknap  agencj*  the  mails  were  finmd, 
and  forwarded  to  the  parties  on  the  line.  The  supplies  from  Fort  Henton 
not  having  amved,  I  wont  to  that  j)lace  on  the  12th  of  July,  and  renuiined 
imtil  the  24th,  at  which  time  the  long-expected  steamer  made  her  appear- 
ance, having  left,  ho'vever,  the  main  part  of  her  stores  at  Cow  Island,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  miles  down  the  river.  I  sent  a  train,  under  charge  of 
Lieutenant  Ladley,  to  bring  up  what  forage  was  required ;  and  having  sent 
another  supply-train  with  the  necessary  supi)He8  to  the  Swe<^ :  Grass  Hills, 
I  returned  to  my  camp  on  the  Sandy. 

From  this  camp,  accompanied  by  Major  Reno,  I  inarched  to  the  East 
Butte  of  the  Sweet  Grass  Hills,  where  tiie  escort  had  established  their  per- 
manent camp.  I  there  learned  that  Captain  Gregory's  camp  was  only  eight 
miles  distant,  though  with  rough  country  between.  }  therefore  sent  my 
train  by  the  trail,  and,  riding  directly  across,  found  Captain  Gregory  ciuni)ed 
on  a  small  pool  of  water  about  two  miles  south  of  the  line.  Lieutenant 
Greene's  advance  party  was  rejjorted  to  be  only  a  few  miles  back,  and  the 
supply-train  from  Fort  Benton,  passing  between  the  first  and  second  buttes, 
were  expe<'ted  to  reach  the  West  Butte  the  next  day. 


i 


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til  of  )i  ',  i  i-i.    '!i 


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t)  i.hi! 
•.!•  Hi- 

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i  ^..i<<    vrt       *    1       f^'      !"iH<''r  >■■<.    ,i::„i,.i,  i.|j  tiit     1  U':     >''M\     lll:i< 


-■'  •  '  i'l  '..,!.. It^     'mats    iMlilt.    it'Kt   •!!  T";(  liiX  ^i-i   ••.f  <>!i,r 

'^!- •  ^='  >      »        '      !    -i  .j'l.ii'  ti,i^  <■!  j.iO  Vf\:>;uiir    rtlsli  th'      tifir.-  [j^tK 

<■     '"  '■  '        •   r  -         »"    •    ;;  ■;  •.vnj-f    •  •     ■    '    '  I  li  .!.i.\H  i*t>    ini   •  .!  ;;•  liif  usur*  !.. 

ill.  j.u.-ii      !-.< , ,   .1i'-i  v.xnit-'i 

5>,*Mi,-  ^>,,  .  lit.;.  ..        *  Vt  ', -N   nsti*-  ..(f    VVii^'il    wa      In     liJIItl    .atfi    ':>■-!■<>..    'tmM     h> 
'  ''      ■  '  .  .      1        .'.   -       •       ,'     I    1,   lit   .   .   (    liir   ■iV-;.>N.,),li.l     ii;'|'^ 

'''^*'  '■  «      X*',     -    ''i      •'   '"    >   '-'    •■  ■     ■    '^"-  :   '■:  ■*.    vi.  I  if  .;n,,a?i,n'  i.'' triiji   ■! 

''•-   i'K         in:*!;    '■'     /[■'.    .    v^    ..  v    -    ;.        ;Hn'i=iv    -i'.     ti-j-    h.-t*- --fii  ,l!>( 

'  iiSd.t      I-*'..  -    ,<i.\   >':      n.  „.;»., .'t;  ,  r  I    .;v^wi,      n«,«s«i.:-.!/ji' Mti^r;;.!  nun.,-,  11 

«■(•.-., ;.l        |.-  *   'i.'  ,'.■.-.  n-.i-'      .!;<!   ~f   'U       t      ;,,     1m.Ii  !.<»  .-.^riil   iM'lc-i,     1.  ivhiri, 
'<<•>'»■  •'  ■..'■;,  i,(liv    |,,|'fi,    I 

U      >  ■    .  :;..  .    .  I   ...     >...    ,!..■.    ..>,.,  ,.     ,      .  ,    ,  .    ■   ....  i,,.,,    M.;„;  .^ 

n;w\'iti     .     i'Si|«  >..ci.'S   .)!■  nuips  i<l-=i>   ^!nr■  j  li.i;if.,i!/v*  y  of  tin-  M^^oii,! 
Ki\»-r       >>ij    F.!rf    liHTitcii,  Mont.,  to   Hismafi  k.  I  luU  .  ;;,,iil..  ^v};l!^•  rrtiirn  5i;; 


M 


-dH? 


*-      «*•-»»•• 


KKPOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTUONOMEU. 


77 


On  the  following  day  I  inovod  my  cnmp  to  tlio  West  Hiittc,  and 
oiiciimpc'd  on  a  small  brook  about  one  milo  north  of  the  line,  where  the 
permanent  dej)ot  was  established.  IMiis  depot  was  established  on  the  1st  of 
August.  Captain  Gregory  and  the  advaneed  parties  of  Lieutenant  Greene 
were  inunediately  supplietl,  and  pushed  forward  without  delay. 

Tiie  work  advanced  rapidly,  and  at  the  (^nd  of  August  our  line  had 
been  joined  by  traverse  with  that  of  the  old  northwestern  boundary  survey, 
on  the  summit  of  the  lloeky  Mountains,  and  the  survey  was  eoinj)lete. 

I  then  eonoentrated  the  partie.s  at  the  supply  depot  at  the  Sweet  Grass 
Hills,  and  having  <letaehed  Lieutenant  Greene  to  carry  a  meridian  from  the 
line  to  Fort  Shaw,  in  order  to  get  a  telegrajdiic  connection  for  longitude,  I 
left  the  Sweet  (Jrass  Hills  with  i\w  remainder  of  the  men,  the  escort  mean- 
while taking  the  direct  trail  to  Fort  Buford.  I  arrived  at  Fort  Uenton 
Septembers.  Lieutenant  Greene  joined  me  again,  on  the  11th,  with  hi.^ 
party. 

1  had  previously  had  Mackinaw  boats  built  and  in  readiness  for  our 
arrival,  and  on  the  I'Jth  I  started  down  the  Missom-i  with  the  entire  i)arty, 
in  six  open  boats.  After  a  voyage  of  eighteen  days  wc  arrived  at  Hismarck, 
Dak.,  and  thence,  by  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  rwu'hed  Saint  Paul,  where 
the  parties  were  discharged. 

Thus  in  four  months  the  expedition  completed  a  journey  of  nearly  four 
thousand  miles,  three-fourths  of  which  was  by  land  and  in  opjn  boats  by 
water,  and  carried  to  completi»»n  the  survey  of  three  hundred  and  lifty-tive 
miles  of  the  boundary-line. 

It  will  be  observed,  by  reference  to  the  inch'X  of  the  records  and  maps, 
that  a  large  amount  of  work  has  been  done,  and  much  inft»nnation  obtained 
by  the  commission,  in  atldition  to  merely  defniing  the  line  between  the 
LTnited  States  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  Besides  the  olHcial  maps,  a 
second  series  has  been  made,  on  a  scale  of  one  inch  to  eight  miles,  on  which 
the  lines  t»f  exjjloration  by  the  dilferent  jjarties  have  been  carefully  located. 

It  will  be  seen  that  a  large  nund>er  of  reconnaissances  have  been  made, 
which,  in  the  aggregate,  give  a  quite  complete  view  of  the  whole  region 
traversed.  This  series  of  maps  also  shows  a  boat-survey  of  the  Miss(»uri 
River  from  Fort   Henton,  Mont.,  to  Bismarck,  Dak.,  made  while  returning 


tj 


78 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


from  the  field,  in  October,  1874.  The  hititiules  were  determined  each  day 
when  the  weather  j)erniitted,  while  the  lon<ritudea  depend  on  the  mean  of 
the  determinations  of  six  chronometei-s.  The  astronomical  points  thus  fixed 
are  considered  as  absolute,  and  the  co-ordinates  of  each  day's  travel,  given 
by  the  compass  and  estimated  distances,  were  multiplied  by  a  constant  mul- 
tiple to  reduce  them  to  the  astronomical  coordinates.  Tiiis  work  was  dono 
under  the  direction  of  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene. 

From  the  barometric  observations  of  the  different  parties,  extending 
through  1 872-73-74,  a  snfliciently  accurate  profile  has  been  prepared  by 
Captain  Gregory. 

All  the  details  relating  to  the  reconnaissfince-maps  and  profile  will  be 
found  in  the  accompanying  reports  of  Captain  Gregory  and  Lieutenant 
Greene. 


CHAPTER     III. 


THE    NORTHWEST    POINT,  LAKE   OK    THE    WOODS. 

Every  one  who  is  at  all  familiar  with  the  geography  of  tlie  Northwest, 
has  noticed  the  anomalous  shape  of  the  northern  boundary  of  the  United 
States,  at  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  After  crossing  Lake  Superior,  it  follows 
the  apparent  channel  of  the  water-ways  communicating  with  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods,  and,  reaching  the  northwestern  point  of  that  lake,  drops  sud- 
denly to  the  south,  nearly  half  a  degree,  and  fcdlows  the  forty-ninth  parallel 
of  latitude  to  the  Pacific  coast.  This  curious  configuration  resulted  from  a 
lack  of  geographical  knowledge  at  the  time  when  the  various  treaties 
defining  the  boundary  were  made.  The  most  northwestern  point  of  the 
Luke  of  the  Woods  having  been  fixed  upon  as  one  point  of  the  boundary, 
and  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude  as  the  line  to  be  followed  thence  to 
the  Rock)-  Mountains,  and  the  latitude  of  the  most  northwestern  i)oint  being 
unknown,  the  second  article  of  the  convention  of  London  (October  20, 
1818)  specified  th.at  the  connection  should  be  made  by  a  line  north  or 
south,  as  the  case  might  be.  Subsequently,  it  being  found  that  the  direc- 
tion was  south,  it  was  so  agreed  upon  and  defined,  in  the  treaty  of  Novem- 
ber 10,  1842.  The  latter  treaty  thus  simjdy  defines,  in  more  definite 
language,  what  had  already-  been  promulgated  in  tlu^  treaty  of  181S,  and 
the  latter,  in  turn,  adjusts  certain  difiiculties  arising  under  previous  treaties 
(September;},  1783;  November  19,  1704;  December  24,  1814). 

Thus  we  find  that  the  conunissioners,  under  the  sixth  and  seventh  arti- 
cles of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  fixed  and  marked  the  geographical  position  of 
tho  northwestern  point,  and  there  rested  from  their  labors,  leaving  to  sub- 
sequent commissions  the  duty  of  niarking  the  line  westward. 

The  recovery  of  this  position  gave  rise  to  much  discussion,  aiul  at  one 

TO 


■ 


1 


80 


ITNITHI)  STATES  NOUTIIEKN    UOUNUAItY  COMMISSION. 


tinio  proDiiHc>(l  coiisidurablG  trouMt*.  Tlio  point  bt'iiifjf  iiidicatod,  iiiid  dcfi- 
nitely  fixed  by  fiio  joint  ('onnnis«ion  under  the  sixth  and  seventh  artieU'H  <»t' 
the  treaty  of  Ghent,  admitted  of  no  ehanjje  of  Kieation  by  the  present  coni- 
niissionere.  Its  description,  1>y  hititude  and  Utn<fitude,  was  not  snflieiently 
accurate  to  dotennine  its  position,  since  the  methods  eujployed  were  inade- 
quate. It  became  necessary,  then,  to  examine  the  details  of  tlie  work  done 
by  the  astronomers  of  the  former  commission,  in  order  to  form  a  fair  judg- 
ment in  re<^ard  to  the  accuracy  of  their  work.  During  the  winter  of  1872-'7.'{ 
the  necessary  copies  of  the  rec(U"d  were  obtained,  and  I  was  able  to  deter- 
mine, within  very  narrow  bmits,  the  true  position  of  tlie  monument.  The 
water  of  the  hike  beinjf  much  higher  in  IST'J  tlian  when  the  monimient  was 
buiU,  the  site  was  overflowed  to  the  depth  of  several  feet.  The  super- 
structure had  entirely  nttted  away,  being  composed  of  as[)en,  and  there 
only  remained  a  few  fragments  of  oak  to  mark  the  spot. 

The  following  letter  to  the  connnissioner  gives,  in  detail,  the  technical 
points  of  the  position  taken  by  the  chief  astronomers,  in  regard  to  the 
recovery  of  the  monmnent : 

ITnitkd  States  ^orthkrk  Houndarv  Commission, 
/«  the  Jield,  Lat.  W°  N.,  Long.  102°  57'  W.,  October  1,  187.1. 

Sir  :  lu  your  tneinoruiiduiii  uf  September  15,  you  request  my  opinion  in  regard  to 
the  initial  point  of  tlie  United  States  nortbern  boundary,  at  the  northwest  point  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  whether  I  consider  the  objection  of  the  Knglisli  eomniissioner 
to  the  point  selected  by  the  English  and  American  chief  astronomers,  as  well  taken, 
and,  Snally,  in  case  of  a  ditTerenco  of  opinion  between  yourself  and  the  English  com- 
missioner, which  cannot  bo  reconciled,  what  means  of  settlement  remain. 

Before  answering  the.se  interrogatories,  I  beg  leave  to  state  briefly  the  means  used, 
originally,  to  fix  the  "  most  northwest "  point  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  the 
method  followed  in  recovering  the  monument  erected  at  that  time. 

1  have  before  me  the  reports  of  Dr.  1.  L.  Tiark.s,  astronomer  (November  18, 1825), 
and  David  Thompson,  surveyor  (October,  1824),  who  were  employed  by  the  iSritiah 
Uovernnient  to  deleiiniue  the  northwest  point,  and  whose  reports  were  adopted  at  the 
time  by  the  commissioner  on  the  i>art  of  the  United  States. 

From  these  reports,  it  appears  that  a  question  arose  between  the  angle  at  the  Hat 
Portage  and  the  northern  point  of  the  buy,  now  known  as  the  Northwest  Angle. 

This  question  was  settled  by  Tiarks  in  favor  of  the  liitter,  tn  the  principle  that  the 
northwest  poiut  was  that  point  at  which,  if  a  line  were  drawn  in  the  plane  of  a  great 
circle,  making  an  angle  of  45°  with  the  meridian,  such  a  line  would  cut  no  other  water 
of  the  lake.    Ue  therefore  determined  the  relative  position  of  the  two  ))oints  in  ques- 


KKPOUT  OK  TIIK  CHIEF  ASTItONOMKH 


81 


tion  by  ineaiis  of  tli«*ir  latitiuU^  utu)  loii(;itu<I(>;  tliu  liititii*li-H  wcrt>  flxnl  by  meaiiftof 
tlie  Hextant,  and  tli(«  loii);itiiil(*  by  tlic  mean  of  Kt'veral  cliroiuttiM'tcr  <l«>t«'rniinntionH. 

Thu  |)oiiit  Axt'd  an  the  nortliwcHt  point  bi'int;  in  a  Nwuni|),  itx  poHilion  wuh  kivimi 
by  certain  coui'm'H  anil  diHtancos  from  a  ri'l'iMviici'  iiionnnuMit.  Tin*  qnt'stion  now  Ih  to 
find  this  monumiMit,  It  \n  d('8(Tib(>d  by  Thompson  aN  u  "  Miinarc  nionnnuMit  of  Iokh, 
twvlvo  fort  hi};b  by  H*tv<>n  feet  xqnare,  tlit>  lower  part  of  oak,  tlic  npper  part  of  aspen.'* 
Its  latitnde  is  fjiven  by  Tiarks  i{)°  '2',i'  0<i".48  north  ;  its  lonftitude,  approxiunitely 
05°  14'  'M"  west  from  (Jreenwieli. 

So  far  as  these  coordinates  arc  concenietl,  for  any  purpose  of  again  tindint;  the 
|)oint,  the  longitude  may  be  entirely  rejected.  It  appears  to  have  been  determined  by 
two  chronometers,  and  as  the  distance  traveled,  and  the  elapsed  time,  were  great,  it 
may  very  eauily  be  wrong  by  ten  miles.  It  is  only  given  by  Tiarks  as  an  approxiina- 
tiou. 

This  is  of  little  consequence,  as  the  location  of  the  northwest  point,  east  and  west, 
is  contlned  to  the  narrow  channel  of  the  bay,  which,  at  this  point,  runs  generally  north 
and  >onth,  and  (the  swamp  included)  has  a  width  of  only  two  hundred  or  three  hun- 
dred feet. 

The  latitude,  then,  and  the  visible  channel  are  the  guides  to  be  followed  in  search- 
ing for  the  ancient  monument. 

From  the  report  of  Tiarks,  1  tiud  that  the  latitude  of  the  monument,  that  being 
the  |H)int  at  which  he  observed,  was  determined  by  three  series  of  circum-meridiau 
altitudes  of  the  sun.  The  results,  and  number  of  observations  in  each,  were  as  given 
below,  viz: 

LntitiidpH.  NiinilHTof  obiiervntioDH. 

40^  23'  02".  M » 

4!)o  '2:V  0;5".  CO l.l 

4tlo  '2;y  00".  24 2ft 

The  true  mean  latitude  from  these  observations  is  4!»°  2.'V  O.j"  07,  but  the  latitnde, 
combining  according  to  the  number  of  the  observations  in  each  .series,  is  4!P  2;i'  0(i".4S, 
which  is  the  result  Tiarks  adopted.  This  method  of  weighting  the  observations  should 
not  have  been  used,  as  there  is  always  a  constant  error  in  such  series,  due  to  the  cor- 
rection for  iudex-error,  and,  in  this  case,  asnuill  additional  inaeenraey  arising  from  the 
fact  that  no  barometric  correction  was  applied  to  the  relraetiou.  These  eriors  are, 
however,  of  comparatively  little  consequeuce,  antl  their  sum  would  probably  not  ex- 
ceed four  seconds  of  arc. 

There  remains  a  greater  defect,  arising  from  the  unknown  eccentricity  of  the  sex- 
taut  used.  This  Tiarks  himself  recognized,  but,  as  he  was  more  especially  concerned 
in  getting  the  relative  latitude  of  two  points  within  half  a  degree  of  each  other,  he 
took  no  means  t«>  eliminate  the  resulting  error,  which  he  rt^arded  as  being  common  to 
both  stations. 

This  oversight  is  fatal  when  it  becomes  a  question  ol  recovering  the  exavt  point  of 
observation,  as  there  may  have  been  an  eiror  of  t'ceentricity  on  the  linili  of  the  sex- 
tant, which  would  give  an  error  of  a  half  mile  in  the  latitude,  though,  as  the  instru- 
ment was  one  of  very  large  radius  (!)"),  and  made  by  a  maker  of  great  reputatioo 
(Tronghtoii),  it  i.s  not  |>robable  that  tho  eccentricity  was  so  great. 
.N  n (i 


82  llNITi:i>  8TATKH  NOKTIIKHN    HOUNDAHY  COMMIHHION. 

Leaving  tliiH  {loiiit  tbrtliu  proscnt,  1  will  Htato  the  tiii'iiim  iimmI  to  n-rovi>r  tlitt  iixinii- 
nipnt. 

Ill  tlie  fall  «)f  IS72,  Mnjor  Farqiiliiir  nii<l  (Uiptain  AihUtnoii,  tliu  cliinf  nHtniiioini'iH 
of  tlic  Joint  coiiiiiiiHHJuii  lor  tU'tiTiiiiniiiK  lliv  liouiulni.v,  olmvivcd  lor  latitude  near  tlin 
iiorlliwfMt  |ioiiit  of  tliv  Lake  of  Hit'  \V«io«1n,  iiihI,  (;ii>*l*'*l  !>>'  tlu'ir  r<>Hiilt8  and  liy  iiifor- 
ination  ol»taint'«i  from  liKJiaiiH,  «li!*covi'n><l  uliat  tlit>y  iiKrcfil  in  HuppoMinK  to  t>u  tbo 
rt'inainH  of  the  inonunicnt,  liiit  in  a  lalitutlx  about  llvu  liniitlrt'd  feet  Kontli  of  tliatK>v<>n 
liy  TiarliH. 

It8|>OKi(ion  with  refi>ron<!«>  lotlienoitliwfHt  point  of  the  bay,  at*  givi'n  by  the  several 
courseH  and  diHtaii<;eH,  Ih  Huniciently  exa<!t. 

The  evidence  appenrit  lonie  to  be  Htrong  enough  to  warrant  them  in  the  coiiclUHion 
ut  which  they  arrived. 

Owiiit;,  however,  to  the  laifie  poNsible  error  in  the  determination  of  the  latitiido  by 
TinrkR,  and  eoiiHiderini;  that  the  iiorthweHt  point,  ho  determined,  lies  within  what  uiUHt 
be  acknowledged  to  be  En(;li.sh  territory,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  KngliMh  com- 
niiMxioner  may,  without  bein^  consiilcied  an  actiiiH  in  an  obHtructive  manner,  take  the 
{{round  that  the  evidence  it*  not  conclusive;  but  in  niakiiif;  hiicIi  objection,  it  is  iiic.uni- 
bcnt  on  him  to  HUg^eHt  8onieotherpoint,aNtlio  "mottt  northweHtern,"  which  the  nhape 
of  the  bay  would  render  poH.siblc. 

There  is  another  nieans  of  reducing  the  uncertainty  of  Tiarkn's  determination  of 
the  latitutle,  wliicli  I  reHpcctlully  NugKest  for  your  conxideration,  in  case  of  a  linal  dis- 
agreement  Itetween  yourself  and  the  Knglish  commissioner.  It  is  to  take  accurate 
observations  for  latitude  at  Ihit  angle  'iwir  ti:<i  I'at  Portage.  That  stntion  was  marketl 
by  Thompson  by  a  monument  in  xlone,  six  Icel  high  and  four  feet  base,  which  can 
doubtless  still  be  found.  TiarU.;  observed  there  in  the  same  manner  us  at  the  north- 
west point.  Hence,  by  liiuling  the  amount  of  the  .^rror  of  his  work  at  the  I'at  Portage, 
and  applying  the  same  correction  to  his  work  nt  the  Northwest  Angle,  the  error  due  to 
the  eecentri<;ity  of  his  sextant  will  be  eliminated,  niul  the  uncertainty  of  his  latitude 
will  be  reduced  within  a  very  small  limit. 

If  the  latitude,  so  found,  should  still  indioaie  that  the  monument  was  near  the 
point  agiced  upon  by  Major  Parquhar  and  Captain  Anderson,  I  do  not  see  that  any 
further  objection  could  be  made  by  Iler  Majesty's  commissioner  to  an  immediate  settle 
meiit  of  the  vexed  question. 

ir,  however,  such  objection  should  still  bo  made,  the  matter  will  then  have  passed 
beyond  my  i)rovinco  as  the  chief  astronomer  of  the  commission. 
I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  J.  TWINING, 
Captain  of  Enqinecrn,  Cliirf  Astronomer  Unitril  Slates  Northern  Bounilnry  CommisHion. 

ARCiiiiiAi.i)  ('AMPni;i,L,  Esq., 

I'nitvd  States  CommisHioHcr,  Northern  Boundarxj. 

While  the  sliapo  and  general  cliaraeter  of  the  siiiToundings  of  the 
Northwest  Angle  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  were  such  as  to  confine  the 
search  to  a  very  small  portion  of  the  bay,  the  scale  of  the  maps  was  too 
small  to  serve  as  a  definite  basis  of  agreement.     A  new  survey  was  there- 


^a     NORTHERN 


MA 

of  (he  Ticinii 

TM  WE 


OF  TH 


LAKE  OF  TH 


Scab?    6  inches 

I0S60 


lOOC 


T" 


^S    ^SORTHERN     BoUiVfl^^ 


^OA 


%. 


■S, 


*/, 


MAP 

of  the  Yicinity  of  the 


OF  THE 

OF  THE  WOODS 


^4^ 


i.- 


\., 


Scale    6  itxcht>M  —  1    MWc 

I0S6O 


lOOCl 


2000 


"IT 


T 


4000     FEtT 

HUE 


^4  l^"- 


^ 


^-r-' 


h!S^ 


W^ 


.•'.VJ 


,v^ 


3^'.f #;.:•  -  •  ■  \  ...    ...-■  -•   ■■-r--r^^^m:r     ■  <kM^'-^ 

'^'■:m^-:       \  Site  of  ♦Befereiifign^Iom 


.^    if!-'%f-^^&j:''  ■■■■  I  -  •    ' 


rt 


7    ■    \ 


\ 

\ 
I 


\ 
\ 


\ 


\ 


Iron 


■*>    -     •-■• 


,.\ 


r 


-t-^,    ---    •".te^:. 


eiit 


^m-r 


3gBR,»Ji!.T--.;a *(<'»«»■'(■  Bit  * 

....,,,-^^e,v..«fev■•••-:5=r)»;^a^,as«^!S^  ♦  : 


^ 


- --f 


y 


REPORT  OF  TUB  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


83 


fore  made  by  an  English  party  already  on  the  giound.  This  survey  was 
subsequently  carried  down  to  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  where  it  was  taken 
up  by  the  parties  under  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene,  and  continued  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Eainy  Eiver.  The  work  of  the  English  in  the  vicinity  of  the  North- 
west Point  was  checked  by  Capt.  James  F.  Gregory,  United  States  Engin- 
eers. The  details  will  be  found  in  his  report,  which  is  transmitted  herewith. 
The  position  of  the  Northwest  Point,  as  fixed  by  Capt.  S.  Anderson, 
R.  E.,  and  Maj.  F.  U.  Farquhar,  United  States  Engineers,  during  the  fall 
of  1872,  was  not  finally  agreed  to  by  the  commissioners  until  September, 
1874. 


i  ! 


M' 


MMHMHWMKa 


..j;-  .^1L-,^^'J,^;■^|;.^.I^^_ 


CHAPTER    IV. 


ASTRONOMICAL  DETERMINATIONS   OF  LATITUDE,   AND   METHODS   OF   SURVEY. 

On  account  of  the  peculiar  nature  of  the  disputes  liable  to  arise  in 
regard  to  an  international  boundary-line,  and  the  acrimony  with  which  such 
controversies  are  usually  prosecuted,  it  has  been  thought  best  to  give,  in  a 
condensed  form,  the  observations  made  by  the  United  States  parties,  and 
the  methods  employed  in  fixing  the  positions  of  the  monuments  which  mark 
the  line. 

An  abstract  of  the  Biitish  tangent-lines  and  mounds  is  added,  in  order 
to  complete  the  record  of  the  connections  between  astronomical  stations. 

Official  copies  of  the  English  astronomical  observations  are  on  file  in 
the  Dejiartment  of  State. 

In  obedience  to  the  instructions  of  the  commissioner,  an  official  copy 
of  the  United  States  astronomical  and  geodetic  record  was  transmitted  to 
the  chief  astronomer  of  Her  Majesty's  commission,  October  14,  1875.  It 
was  accompanied  by  a  descriptive  memoir,  from  which  the  following  expla- 
nations are  taken  : 

Astronomy. — The  astronomical  record  consists  of — 

Ist,  The  observations  made  with  the  zenith  telescope  to  deterrnine 
latitude ; 

2d,  Ifisti-UT'ental  constants ; 

3d,  AL»u-..ct  of  chronometer  records  ; 

4th,  Star  catalogues  1872,  '73,  and  '74. 

Instruments. — The  instruments  used  in  determining  the  latitude  were 
zenith  telescopes  Nos.  7,  11,  and  20,  Wiirdemann.  Nos.  7  and  11  were  of 
25  inches  focal  length.  Both  were  of  small  power,  and  more  or  less  damaged 
by  use.    No.  7  '.vsis  used  only  on  three  stations  in  1873  ;  it  being  found  that 

86 


86 


UNITED  STATES  NORTEERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


the  level  was  badly  ground,  and  that  the  instrument  was  loose  on  its  hori- 
zontal axis.  No.  20  was  of  32  inches  focal  .ength,  with  a  magnifying  poAver 
of  sixty  diameters.  It  was  found  to  be,  in  every  respect,  a  perfect  instru- 
ment. 

The  chronometers  used  were  by  Negus,  of  New  York,  and  Bond,  of 
Boston. 

In  computing  the  latitude  of  any  station,  the  arithmetical  mean  of  sill 
the  determinations  was  taken  as  the  true  latitude,  no  weights  being  applied. 
It  is  thought  that  the  accuracy  of  the  computation,  and  the  number  of 
authorities  combined  in  each  declination,  warrant  the  assumption  that  the 
star  places  are  nearly  absolute,  leaving  in  the  detenninations  only  the  error 
of  the  observation.  This  view  has  been  found  to  be  connect,  or  nearly  cor- 
rect, by  subsequently  examining  the  residuals  given  by  each  pair  of  stars, 
when  referred  to  the  mean  latitudes  of  a  large  number  of  stations. 

In  order  to  prevent  the  suppression  of  observations,  a  mathematical 
criterion  was  applied.  This,  while  of  doubtful  utility  in  computai.v-ns  made 
under  the  supervision  of  one  skillful  computer,  I  thought  to  be  desirable  as 
a  number  of  observers  were  engaged  simultaneously,  and  the  computations 
were  to  be  completed,  promptly,  in  the  field. 

The  standard  number  of  observations,  though  varying  with  different 
stations,  was  finally  fixed  at  about  sixt}',  it  being  found  that,  with  the  32- 
inch  instrument,  sixty  observations  would  give  a  mean  result  of  which  tho 
probable  error  would  be  about  four  feet.  I'his  probable  en-or  was  consid- 
ered to  be  very  much  within  the  differences  which  might  arise  from  tho 
methods  employed  in  computing  the  declinations  of  the  stars  used,  and  the 
general  errors  incident  to  such  work. 

Instrumental  constants. — Tho  observations  by  which  the  instrumental 
constants  were  determined,  are  given  in  full.  It  will  be  observed  that  no 
effort  was  made  to  determine  the  run  of  the  micrometers,  nor  the  differ- 
ences due  to  changes  of  temperature.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  all  such 
corrections  are,  even  under  tho  most  favorable  circumstances,  somewhat 
hypothetical,  and  therefore  liable  to  introduce  unknown  eiTors  into  the 
work,  and  that  they  are  rather  matters  of  curiosity  than  of  practical  impor- 
tance in  field-work. 


MCJ 


Ki:rOUT  (Jl'  TUE  CHIEF  ASTKONOMliK. 


87 


The  method  of  determining  tlie  meiin  pliices  of  the  stars  used  is  the 
only  part  of  these  computations  whicli  calls  for  any  special  remark. 

In  the  fall  of  1872,  the  astronomical  party  was  ordered  into  the  Held, 
under  my  charge,  without  time  for  careful  pre])aration. 

The  only  authorities  available  at  the  time  for  comituting  the  star  places, 
were  the  Greenwich  Observations  from  18i5(i  to  1HG7.  The  computations 
for  the  two  stations  observed  in  1872,  depended  entirely  on  these  observa- 
tions. During  the  winter  of  1872-73,  a  careful  and  systenuitic  examina- 
tion of  the  existing  authorities  was  commenced,  and  the  list  of  stars,  as 
given  lor  1873,  was  prepared.  This  work  was  continued  dui'ing  the  subse- 
quent winter,  and  the  results  are  given  in  the  star  catalogue  of  1874,  which, 
liowever,  differs  very  slightly  from  that  of  1873. 

The  princijdes  which  Avere  adopted  in  the  discussion  of  these  star 
places,  were  mainly  derived  from  the  work  of  Argelander,  Bonner  Beobach- 
tungen,  Band  VII. 

Some  few  stars  were  taken  from  the  second  part  of  that  work  without 
modification.  These  are  British  Association  Catalogue  lumdjcrs  108,  91\\ 
4918,  5313,  5L02,  6114,  7515,  7377,  8083,  820(i,  and  8273.  The  po.Mtions 
of  Greenwich  12  year  73,  and  B.  A.  C.  89(),  were  taken  from  Part  I.  For 
the  remainder,  the  following  catalogues  and  observations  were  consulted  : 
Bradley,  1755,  B;  Lalande,  Fedorenko,  1710,  Fed;  D'Agelet  (Gould), IHOO, 
D'A;  Lalando,  1800,  L.L ;  Piazzi,  1800,  Pi;  Groondjridge,  1810,  Gr; 
Struve,  1830,  P.  M;  Argelander's  Abo,  1830,  Abo;  Taylor's  Madras,  1835, 
T;  Jacob's  Madras,  1848-1852,  J,„  &c.;  Bessel's  zones  (Weisse)  (-f  15° 
to  45°),  1825,  W2  B;  Pond's  Greenwich,  1830,  Pd  ;  Airy's  First  Candjridge 
Catalogue,  1830,  CC;  Rumkcr,  1830,  R;  Edinburgh  (Henderson,  1835, 
1844,  Edinburgh  (Smyth),  E35,  «S:c. ;  Cambridge  (Challis),  1839-1800, 
Chji,,  &c. ;  Armagh  (Robinson),  1840,  Arm;  Bonn  North  Zones,  1842,  0 
A;  Radcliffe  Catalogue  of  G317  stars,  1845,  R  C;  Radclitfe,  1800,  RC,; 
Raddiffe,  later  observation.s,  1801-1870,  R  C,,,  &c. ;  Bonn,  (Vol.  VI).  1806, 
Arg;  Brussels  (Quetelet),  1859-1860,  Q™,  &c. ;  Konigsberg ;  Washington 
(transit  circle),  1807-71,  Wn;  Washington  Catalogue  (mural  circle),  18G0, 
Y ;  the  entire  series  of  Greenwich  catalogues  and  observations  since  tho 
directorshii)  of  Airy,   1830-1871,  Ay^o,  Avf,,  Ax;,,,,  Ay,„,  Ayr,,,  Avc^,   &c.; 


II 


88 


UNITED  STATES  NORTUERN   BODNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Paris  observations,  1 856-1 8G7,  Pjo,  &c.;  Durham,  D;  the  vohnnes  of  the 
Astronomischo  Nachrichten;  Loidcn,  1870,  L;  Pulkown,  1845,  Pnl. 

The  dates  after  the  name  of  eacli  catalogue  refer  to  the  epochs  to  which 
each  was  reduced,  and  the  initials  following  the  date,  the  designation  by 
which  these  catalogues  and  observations  will  bo  subsecjuently  referred  to. 

Systematic  corrections,  as  deduced  by  Argelander,  in  Vol.  VII,  Bonn 
Obs.,  were  applied  to  most  obserNations  of  a  date  earlier  than  1800.  In 
one  case,  that  of  Yaniall's  Washington  Catalogue,  a  special  comparison  was 
made  with  Wolfer's  Fundamental  List,  in  the  TabuUe  Rcductionum,  which 
is  the  basis  of  Argelander'a  work.  But  this  correction  was  omitted  in  a  few 
of  the  later  reductions. 

Owing  to  the  great  discrepancy  in  the  jmmber  of  observations  on  the 
different  stars,  the  weights  were  adopted  to  suit  each  particular  case — i.  c, 
no  uniform  weight  was  given  to  the  positions  taken  from  any  one  catalogue, 
though  a  general  standard  was  adopted  for  each,  which  was  nearly  as  follows : 


B 

D'A 

Fed 

L.  L 

Pi 

Gr 

P.  M  . . . . 

Abo 

T 

J  

WjB i 

Pond 1 


4  '  cc. 

1  !  R  . . 
i  '  E 


Ch 

A 

OA.... 
R  Ci   . . . 

R  c;, . . . . 

R  Co,  &c 
Arg 

Q  

K    


I 

J 
J 
1 
1 

A 
1 
1 
1 

IP, 

1 

J 


VVii 1 

Y 1 

Ay^o-- 1 

Ay« li 

Ayso 1 

Ayeo lJto3 

Ay„4 lJto2 

Ayes,  &c IJ 

P 3 

Pill 2 

L  (10  syuiiuetrieiil  observations) 4 


These  weights  represent  the  degree  of  confidence  in  the  several  author- 
ities when  represented  by  from  three  to  five  observations.  In  a  few  of  the 
later  reductions,  the  weights  were  made  decimal  fractions  in  all  cases,  and 
increased  for  some  of  the  modern  authorities. 

The  ordinary  method  of  combining  the  observations  to  obtain  the  result 
for  1872,  1873,  or  1874,  as  required,  was,  briefly,  as  follows:  The  right 


RIOl'OUT  OF  Tlli'}  (JUIEF  ASTUONOMEU. 


89 


iisceiisiun  found  in  fho  Greenwich  Ciitiiloifues,  or,  these  fiiiUng,  in  that  of 
the  British  Association,  was  used  to  obtain  the  annual  precession  in  decli- 
nation, the  secular  variation  in  declination  being  taken  directly  from  these 
authorities.  All  observations  in  a  given  case  were  then  reduced  to  the 
required  mean  epoch,  proper  motion  being  always  neglected.  'I'he  result- 
ing corrections  (k)  to  the  value  of  the  assumed  declination,  the  systematic 
coiTections  referred  to  above  having  been  applied,  were  regarded  as  made 
up  of  three  parts:  x,  a  correction  to  the  assumed  declination  at  the  required 
epoch;  ty,  a  correction  varying  with  the  time,  or,  in  other  words,  the  proper 
motion;  and  v  a  residual  error  of  observation.  Equations  of  condition  were 
accordingly  made  of  the  form  (.c-j-/// — AnO)  Vi^  '"  which  j)  denotes  the 
weight.  The  value  of  t  was  usually  taken  to  the  nearest  t(;nth  of  a  year, 
reckoning  from  the  date  of  observation,  where  that  could  bo  ascertained,  to 
the  required  epoch.  These  equiitions  were  treated  in  the  ordinary  manner. 
But  the  value  of  x  was  usually  derived  from  observations  made  in  1830,  or 
later. 

The  following  example  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  above  explanation: 

B  A.  C.  G7. 

With  the  annual  precession,  -(-20".()18,  computed  for  18(j4  from  the 
A.  R.  found  in  Ay^i  (using  Struve's  constants),  and  the  secular  variation, 
— 0".035,  adopted  from  that  catalogue,  each  set  of  observations  is  reduced 
to  the  required  epoch,  1873.0;  a  systematic  correction  having  first  been  ap- 
plied to  the  declinations  as  given  by  D'A,  L.  L,  Pi,  Wg  B,  Arm,  and  Y. 

R  C67,  R  Cos,  and  R  Ccg  were  combined  so  as  to  forai  one  equation. 
Ay^g,  Aysj,  and  Ay,„  were  treated  in  the  same  manner,  the  weights  in  com- 
bining being  strictly  according  to  the  number  of  observations  in  erch  year. 
Rejecting  Lalande,  we  have  the  following  conditional  equations  and  weights, 
assumed  6  for  1873  being  37°  15'  53".0: 


B.  ,i;- 117.0^-7.70  =  0 

D'A.  .r—   88.8  -2.77  =  0 

Pi.  a--   73.     -4.41=0 

W.B.  X-    18.     -3.G8  =  0 

%  X—   38.     —2.20=0 


Wi'igbt. 
h 

ii 


It  I 


90 


UJSITKI)  STATES  KOUTIIKHN    IJOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Arm. 

X  — 

y;i.!» 

-2.25  =  0 

1 

Yiir. 

X  — 

25.7 

-l.!)4  =  () 

1 

K. 

J  — 

11.2 

-2.G0=() 

h 

Ay,i, 

.<■— 

H.n 

-().H5  =  (» 

;{ 

Q.4 

■x~ 

8.1 

-1.25  =  0 

i 

L. 

X  — 

4.1 

—  0.55  =  0 

4 

K.  C«, 

X  — 

3.7 

—  0.5(i  =  0 

u 

A}'„o 

x~ 

y.G 

-l.G4  =  0 

u 

From  tlio  above,  result  tlio  following  normal  ctiuatioiis: 

+   14.RC-     2(i2.(5//=+   22".1« 
-2G2.G.r+ 14331).  l^=—!)07".t)2 

from  wliicli, 

x=  +  ".55and//=-".053 

Using  T  and  the  succeeding  authorities  for  the  value  of  x,  wo  obtain 
37°  15'  5;i".55,  as  the  d  for  1873.0;  a  result  identical  with  that  derived  from 
the  direct  solution  of  the  normal  equations.  The  following  table  exhibits 
the  reduction,  in  tabular  form.  Column  one  contains  the  designation  of  the 
various  authorities;  column  two,  the  epoch  to  which  each  catalogue  is  found 
reduced;  column  three,  the  mean  epoch  of  observation  (in  the  <'ases  of  B, 
L.  L,  Pi,  W.^  B,  and  T  arbitravily  assumed);  column  four  contains  the 
declination  as  given  by  the  catalogue  itself.  In  cases  such  as  Ay^j  and  1j, 
where  the  observations  have  been  reduced  to  the  date  of  the  catalogue,  in 
some  instances  with  proper  motion,  the  seconds  of  6  are  adopted  so  as  to 
(correspond  with  the  mean  date  of  observation — i.  c,  as  they  would  have 
been  had  no  proper  motion  been  applied;  column  five  contains  the  system- 
atic correction  as  derived  from  Vol.  VII,  Part  I,  13onn  Observations  (Arge- 
lander);  column  six,  the  declination  as  it  results  from  each  authority,  the 
precession  being  aj)plied  to  reduce  it  to  1873.0;  colunui  seven,  the  luunber 
of  observations  on  which  each  authority  is  based;  colunm  eight,  the  final 
value  of  the  declination  for  1873  as  it  is  given  by  each  authority;  cohnnn 
nine,  the  residuals  or  the  corrections  which  the  declination  and  jn-oper 
motion  adoi)ted  for  1873.0  give  to  each  catalogue. 


KKPOUT  Ol"  Tin;   CIII1:F  ASTItONOMKK. 


01 


(>'H(itln|ill0. 

K|KM  h,  rii. 

llUl'tiull. 

Cut. 

S. 

Syn.corr. 

'-("».' 4 
—  1.8 
-1.8 
-fd.'.l 
+(l.  4 
-(i.;t 
+(i. :, 

1  irri.o. 

No. 
olin. 

IteKiildnii 

iimiii 

uhIh. 

II 

i7.-r. 

IHdO 
IHdO 

iKin 

IK!,'-, 
1840 
IHIO 

iHdi 

|H(>4 

1H(;4 

lH(i7 

IHIW 
|H(W 
187U 
IHC!) 
I8(p!I 
lr7t) 

17.'-.0 
1784.  a 
17!i:. 

IHIO 
IH'.T. 
IHII.-. 
IHIHt.  1 
1847.  ;i 
lH(;i.8 

1H(i4..% 
IHIM.'.I 
18(i7.  8 
lWi8.8 
18liH.8 
IHIiH.  1> 
1H(,<».8 
lH(,it.8 
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r,i 
r.i 

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\l 
11 
ij 
ij 
l:i 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

II 

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r.4.7 

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ri:i.  ,-i 

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LW.it] 
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r.:i,  8 

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W.\.  (1 

4 
4 

:i 

!) 
i 

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Ma 
1 
1 

4 
1.-) 

\ 

.'•.4.  (i 

r.l.  1 

n 
-1.(1 

D'A 

+■.'.  .-. 

1.  li 

I'i 

.Ml.  .'•i 
.-^.4.  1 

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r>;i.  fi 
.^;l,  )i 
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.'■)  I.  :i 
r.a.  ;i 
:a.  (i 

.•■:i.  :i 

,MI.  I! 

:,\.  \ 

.Ml.  5 

(1.(1 

W,U 

T 

—  Il.li 

+(l.  4 

+0.1 

0.0 

Y 

K 

— 1..'> 

A  Vfl4 

+0.1 

—0.  ;i 

(,)„! 

lU'ei 

—0.7 

IU'„j 

+i.;i 

A  Vi,( 

-1.0 

L    

+o.a 

—0.  1 

|{  (',, 

A  S'liu 

—0.8 

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0.0 

I,  l!i7:i.O,  :i7o  \W  W'M.    An.  |ireo.,  +  iU".(lll.    (!'.  -".ci.vi.     Siw.  viii-.,  -".(i;i,-i. 

Tlio  computation  was  generally  camod  to  liiindrt'dtlis  of  a  .sccoiul  in 
tho  details,  but  is  not  rigidly  correct  to  that  place. 

Tho  stars  comprised  in  the  catalogue  of  1873  and  1874  were  reduced 
as  al)ove,  with  the  exception  of  ii  few  declinations  for  1874,  Avhicli  wore 
ti'eatcd  in  a  manner  varying  so  slightly  as  not  to  require  special  explanation. 

Connection  of  astronomical  slationf!. — The  geodetic  record  gives  the  deter- 
mination of  the  azimuths  for  each  tangent,  tho  station-errors,  and  tho  final 
ort'sets  to  tho  parallel  of  latitude  in  which  the  station-errors  are  distrihutcd. 

These  tangents  were  run  with  an  8-inch  transit-theodolite,  \yur(Ieinann, 
graduated  to  10',  reading  by  two  verniers  to  10",  with  ilhiminated  iixcs, 
circular  and  striding  level,  tho  tangent-screws  working  against  s})rings, 
which  was  found  to  be  a  serious  defect. 

Azimuths. — The  instrument  was  mounted  in  tho  meridian  of  tho  astro- 
nomical station,  and  an  approximate  !)0^  turned  off,  from  any  data  availa- 
l)le.  On  this  approximate  line,  at  a  distance  of  one  to  three  miles,  a  bnll's- 
eyo  lantern  was  placed ;  its  light,  two  inches  in  diameter,  at  a  distance  of 
two  miles,  gave  an  image  eipial  to  a  second-magnitude  star.  Tlu!  azimuth 
of  this  mark  was  determined  I)y  observations  on  circumpolar  stars  near 
elongation.  The  stars  mo.st  frequently  used  in  the  early  part  of  the  evening 
in  summer  were  ft  and  y  Cepliei  and  Polaris  (eastern  elongation),  and  ft 
and  /-  Ursie  Minoris  (western  elongation).  Ten  readings  were  taken  on 
each  star,  and  ten  on  the  mark,  live  with  lamp  east  and  live  lamp  west, 
The   star-readings  were    reihicod   l<»   cloiinaiiKn    iVnin   the    recorded   time 


i  t' 


:l! 


99 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIKIIN    IIOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


(HiimiltiincouK  tiiiut-iilMci'vatioiirt  witli  Hcxtiiiif),  aiul  tlic  inctm  of  tlic  tun 
coiiMtitntod  tlio  result  for  tliat  ntar.  The  otlicr  Htars  were  taken  in  dilVerent 
parts  of  tlio  are,  to  eliminate  errorn  of  <rra(lnation,  and  tlie  (inal  mean  wan 
tlio  mean  of  results  by  stars.  Five  stars,  with  fifty  readinf^s,  was  eonsid- 
erod  a  good  determination,  although  three  stars  were  used  when  it  was  not 
j)ractieablt'  to  get  nuiro  in  one  night.  Treating  all  the  readings  (thirty  to 
fifty  in  number)  by  least  squares,  the  probable  error  of  this  work  ranges 
fronj  0".8  to  4".0  at  a  station,  with  n  mean  of  l".H.  The  transit  was  care- 
fully leveled  before  eaeh  pointing  and  the  level  examined  afterward;  if 
deranged,  the  observation  was  rejected. 

Having  thus  determined  the  true  aximuth  of  the  mark,  its  distaneu 
from  the  transit  was  chained,  and  the  difference  between  the  azimuth  and 
270°  or  90°,  with  this  distance  in  feet,  gave  the  solution  of  a  triangle,  of 
which  the  required  side  was  the  distance,  in  feet,  of  the  mark  from  the 
prime  vertical  sought.  Having  thus  found  the  direction  (»f  the  tangent,  it 
was  traced  to  the  meridian  of  the  next  astrononn'cal  stati(»n  by  means  of  the 
transit,  above  described,  and  two  targets,  tlu*  distance  being  chained  at  the 
same  time. 

Tracing  the  tnn(jent.~Cii\\'mg  the  point  where  the  transit  stood  during 
the  azimuth  observations  (marked  with  stake  and  pencil-point),  S  ation  1, 
the  transit  was  carried  to  Station  I  set  up,  leveled,  and  pointed  at  the 
target,  which  was  over  Station  1.  TIk  ^-  "  target,  in  front,  was  then 
by  signals,  ranged  into  the  line  of  1  and  "j,  .,  ^  this  gave  Station  ;?. 
The  transit  was  then  taken  to  3  and  the  rear  tan^et  to  2,  the  front  target 
was  ranged  into  line,  and  gave  Station  4;  and  so  on  to  the  next  astro- 
nomical station. 

The  collimation  was  so  adjusted  that  itfe  error  ',»as  as  small  as  jtossi- 
ble,  and,  to  cut  out  the  remaining  eiTor  from  th,  i  source,  two  sights  were 
taken  at  each  station.  With  clamp  north,  tl;.  'elesco])e  was  pointed  to  the 
back  target,  and  then  revolved  in  the  Y"  lo  align  one  jjoint  in  front ;  the 
instrument  was  then  turned  180°  in  azimuth,  which  brought  the  clamp 
south,  resighted  on  the  back  target,  and  another  point  in  front  similarly 
determined.     The  mean  of  the  two  was  taken  as  a  point  of  the  tangent. 


%:^ 


UKI'OUT  OF  TIM-:  VUW.V  AHTHON(»Mi:i{. 


93 


Tlio  tt'loRcopc  wns  not  reversod  in  tlio  Y",  on  iic«'ount  of  the  dnst.  Tlio 
taij>('tH  used  iiro  wliown  in  tlio  iicfonipaiiyinff  rojKut  of  Li<'iit.  <}i('<'iu'. 

Tb.)  coninninication  betwt'cn  the  iVont  and  rear  taijictft  and  tlie  transit- 
insiruniont,  was  kept  tij)  by  nieanw  (tf  hu-ge  llajrs,  and  the  United  StatoH 
Army  signal  code  ol'  tlnx-e  elements.  Tiio  men  were  instructed  in  thin,  and 
quickly  learned  it,  but  to  insure  accuracy  each  man  was  provided  with  ii 
printed  card  eontaininj''  the  alphabet.  A  few  special  Hij^rnals  wen;  added, 
liy  this  means,  and  by  t  ran  sport  inj^'  the  tarj^ets  and  men  in  lijfht  wa<.;ons,  ns 
much  as  eif^hteen  miles  of  line  has  l)een  traced  in  one  day.  'I'he  greatest 
lenj^th  of  chainin'^  in  one  day  was  iifteen  miles.  In  rough  ground  two 
chainings  were  made.  At  the  end  of  the  tangent  a  series  of  azimuth 
observations  was  taken,  similar  to  those  at  the  beginning,  the  transit  being 
jdaced  over  the  terminal  stake,  and  the  mark  over  the  stake  next  before  it. 
The  average  azimuth-errt>r  in  eighteen  miles  was  20";  when  less  than  this, 
the  tangent  was  considered  correct;  if  over,  it  was  adjusted  in  computing 
the  offsets  for  the  mound.s.  The  ditl'erence  lietween  the  computed  oflset 
from  the  tangent  to  the  parallel  f>f  4t)°,  and  the  measured  distance  to  the 
astronomical  mound,  was  taken  to  be  the  "station-error,"  /'.  e.,  the  diH'erence 
between  the  astronomical  and  relative  geodetic  deteriniuatious  of  the  two 
stations.  This  was  distributed  between  the  stations  in  direct  ])roportion  to 
the  distance.  This  made  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  as  markeil,  a  line  of  irreg- 
ular curvature. 

C'oinpitt(iHo)is. — The  astronomical  station  being  considered  absolute,  the 
offsets  to  the  mounds  were  computed  by  the  ordinary  formula.  For  con- 
venience, a  table  was  computed  for  latitude  49°,  giving  the  oflFseta  and  truti 
azimuth  for  distances  of  1,000  feet  up  to  200,000.  Between  the  even 
thousands,  the  offset  was  readih'  interpolattMl.  The  final  ofl'si  t  was,  tlii'ii, 
the  sum  of  this  comjaited  ofl'set,  ±  the  proj)ortional  part  of  the  station- 
error,  ±  the  error  of  tiie  initial  j)oint  nortli  or  .south  of  4'J'',  rfc  tiie  correc- 
tion due  to  azimuth  ern)r.  A  li.st  of  these  offsets  and  the  stakes  from  which 
they  were  to  be  measured  was  furnished  to  the  "  mound  party,"  who 
followed. 

Topograph/). — All  topographical  work,  except  some  sketching  along  the 


T 


94 


UN1TKI>  STATES  NORTHERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


tangents,  was  done  with  the  stadia-rod  and  a  G-incli  theodolite.  The  theod- 
olites were  made  by  Wiirdeman,  and  were  similar,  in  nearly  all  particulars, 
to  the  larger  transit  used  on  the  tangent-line.  The  cross-hairs  were  fixed, 
and  the  distance  was  read  by  noting  the  number  of  spaces  covered  on  the 
rod;  the  smallest  space  marked  was  five  feet,  and  the  rod  read  by  estimation 
to  one  foot.  Each  rod  was  graduated  for  its  own  instrument  by  measuring 
with  great  cai-e  1,000  feet,  and  marking  the  points  covered  by  the  extreme 
wires ;  this  distance  was  then  subdivided  and  marked. 

The  rods  read  to  1,500  feet,  and  in  rough,  broken  country  were  found 
more  accurate  than  the  chain,  and  at  all  times  more  expeditious. 

The  angles  were  kept  by  the  method  of  traversing,  or  "  keeping  the 
azimuth";  each  recorded  angle  being  the  angle  of  the  line  of  sight  with  the 
true  meridian,  and  were  counted  from  0°  to  3G0°.  The  line  always  started 
from  some  stake  on  the  tahgeht  from  which  the  azimuth  was  taken.  When 
practicable  the  line  was  again  closed  on  the  tangent.  Of  one  thousand  four 
hundred  miles  of  stadia-work,  sixty-nine  lines,  comprising  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  miles,  were  closed,  with  an  average  error  of  2.7  feet  per  1,000  feet 
of  line.  As  much  as  twelve  miles  of  this  sort  of  Avork,  exclusive  of  side- 
pointings,  has  been  done  in  one  day  by  a  single  party  with  one  theodolite 
and  five  rods.  The  vertical  angle  was  always  read,  and  gave  an  approx- 
imation to  the  vertical  heights. 

In  the  office,  the  stadia-readings  have  all  been  reduced  to  horizontal 
and  vertical  distances  by  means  of  table?.  From  the  horizontal  distances, 
the  rectangular  co-ordinatC3  were  computed,  and  these  gave  the  error  of  the 
line,  which  was  distributed  at  each  station,  proportionately  to  the  lerfjth  of 
line.     The  adjusted  stations  were  then  plotted  by  co-ordinates. 

Tn  projecting  the  maps  the  polyconic  method  has  been  adopted.  Each 
sheet  is  projected  with  reference  to  it3  own  central  meridian,  and  to  the 
forty-ninth  parallel,  as  determined  at  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  for  central 
parallel.  The  parallel  actually  marked  in  ink  is  the  approximate  parallel 
traced  on  the  ground. 

The  lengtli  of  1°  of  longitude,  in  latitude  49°,  is  taken  to  bo  240,07G 
feet. 


a 


.^>;     ' 


a,|..ijjijj.[mg,- ly 


'■»;i  ■;:/ 


:^. 


■";■;  r 


.i^A 


/i  >/, 


j^iifl'jj' 


1;'  i: 


tangentH,  was  done  with  tlii-f^tiMlia-;'"  !  asui  n  y-iiich  'Jicoflol'tt':  <■(!- 

olite»  wero  made  by  Wiirdcmun..  and  m'lx' ,-i!uiiar,  in  ju-ujly  al!  ]'<.ri  ruliiis. 
to  t!io  lamer  tiaripit  u«d  on  the  tarisjiut-ruui.     Tin-  ero-i  liuif's  wwq  fiACti, 


find  the  dUtnuco  wn^  r<.^ad  by  iK-Hr 
rod;  the  sniall';gt  S|> 
to  oTie  foot,     i-.j  ' 

with  M-'. -..•!!    ,-ar.- 


.  .■ ,  1 


ohtr  oi'  spact'H  covered  on  the 

"  .  I,  :iti(>  d)f  T'fd  r'Vid  hv  «si!mation 

V    ■•■.,.     .,.     :■       .    <  ..-.tstiriiif:- 
■  ••..'C'Vil-- 


^Vj'  f 


>.(■..  .i..^;l- 


•  l.-i    Udvv'.i.        iN'iO'll 


true  ■)■•  '■   ■!•   1  V. iJ'C  counnu  - 

from  biuv.i) .  -Ao  on  the  !anp;ent  rtom 

])racti('ablelh<jline  wa.s  O'/aln  •:]  •.•<.  d  on  tl'<!  ir.nfterir     yh  :  m   titou^ap.!  »uio- 

hundred  Uiih-i'  of  ctadia-woHc,  -^lAiv-nip.'  lasr-u  rcLvqnitriijfr  sev;ii  luuidml 

Mild  tij'f^tu !!'.•»,  wol•€^  oti'-*-!.  ^^•tl'  :in  n-fr.jjrt'  <  nor    I  V  ;  ?'•  .'i  |n  '•  !,'nH)  fWt 

of  If-it:-        A-*  TiiUti-    !)if    tV.1*    -'    i.|dv*;ot    l!,;-     ?.li 

ar'j  ff' 0  f' ''         i  <'.   v,v-f  -<'  -K'  -.1.    V  r^    '■'  ■/ 
imario;!  i-:  i'l-.-  %*.  i-'H  '- *i^'/i 

In  thi>  <~l!i('»3,  »-'.    's„  ,;  f,-        •  ,    ' 

and  vorvicj!'  dist.i'T'Oi?  'o  ?«./■.  •  '■  ,        -  t  . 

I  ho  rectfin^rular  i")-ordij  ;•■''•.  i--   .  •  ;;•  jH-^        ■ 

lino,  whii'h  wasdiMnbiiH  i  as  .'.i,  -<l  il!<!», ,•,/((>:.»  noSintcJy  t"  i^^''  ''''',"■* 
!iiio.     T)ic  adin.^ti-'  ■!  ■■■   ■     ■.vocf  flicn  I'ImVo!  I'V  m -oJ'T'na  ;.•.-• 

]!j  pr-i)' '  '     .  ■!)>;  p>1a  !  '^1.   nodi  id  i,-;tH ')•  '  I      '->•     ', 

■^hor-:.  i^  V    ■  -"'^   '•"'    -■    '-'"''    '•!  "♦■■•^*   '  •■;       '-':'' 

ioi-tV-Tlilnb  <r,ByHii    ,1'    ;-.5     ?„4),.i  .1   .  ! 

paronel.     fo,- j    (a:,^-:    .,  ;  :  •■  ,  ..;),'..'!    -^  ^-j  ^  ■       ■,  "     •••' 

Iraccd  '11  t'  1. 

Thn  h-!-!.!,  .1  i:   <    «•:   ■  ^        !     ^  '••  ^   '■' 


,,.-;lO'.v- 

'  •  ,^  ,;.  r.>-..i.lai 

ave  thr:  i-rror  <'f  ihr 


il 


'III 


ill 


,!  m 

yH 

I  1 


REPORT  OF  TOE   CHIEF  ASTRONOiMElJ. 


95 


APPENDIX  D. 


SUMMARY  OP  ASTRONOMICAL  STATIONS,  OBSERVED   BY   THE  UNITED   STATES  ASTRO- 
NOMICAL PARTIES. 


a 


1872. 
1 
4 

1873, 


n 

7 

S 

11 

13 

15 

17 
19 

ai 

23 

1874. 
25 
27 
29 
31 
33 
.3.1 
37 
40 


PoBition. 


Lake  of  the  Woods 

Red  Rivor,  Initial  Point . 


Pointo  Michel,  20  miles  west 

of  Red  River. 
PembinaMonntains,  east  side. 
Pembina  Mountains,  westsido 

Long  River 

Turtle  Mountain,  west  side  .. 

South  Antler  Creek 

West  of  Rivifero  des  Lacs, 

237  miles  westof  Red  River. 

Mouse  River 

Mid  Coteau 

Bully  Spring 

Four  hundred  and  eight  and 

a  half  Mile  Point. 


Frenchman's  Creek 

Pool  on  Prairie 

East  Fork,  Milk  River. . 

Milk  River  Lakes 

East  Butte 

Red  River  

North  Fork,  Milk  Rivor. 
Chief  Mountain  Lake  . . 


Obaerrer. 


Copt.  W.J.  Twining.. 
do 


.do 


Capt.  J.  P.  Gregory. . . 
Assistant  Lewis  Boss 
Capt.  J.  F.  Gregory. .. 
Capt.  W.J.  Twining.. 
Capt.  J.  F.  Gregory . . . 
Capt.  W.J.Twiuing.. 

Capt.  J.  F.  Gregory . . . 

....do 

....do 

....do 


.do  , 
.do  . 
.do  , 
.do  . 
.do 
.do 
.do  , 
.do  . 


3  O 


84 
104 

60 

74 
79 
82 
79 
81 
72 

80 
(3C 
64 
59 


Latitude. 


48  59  45. 07 
48  59  55.92 

48  59  57. 20 

49  00  02. 50 
48  59  51.55 
48  r>9  58. 54 

48  59  53. 70 

49  01  48.76 
49  01  01.  G3 

48  58  10.29 

49  00  44. 73 
49  01  09. 11 

48  59  28. 90 


48  58 

49  (10 
49  00 
48  .59 

48  59 

49  01 

48  59 

49  00 


09.10 
02. 95 
01.86 
55. 39 
0(i.  30 
01.42 
59. 31 
04.00 


S  £ 

u   ^ 

3.=    . 

£  o  S 
Cm 


±0.63 
±0.82 

±0.42 


±0.35 


±0.35 
±0. 828 
±0.324 

0.588 
0. 4!)7 
0. 408 
:0. 359 


±0. 359 
±0. 303 
±0. 288 
±0.  387 
±0. 320 
±0.275 
±0. 270 
±0.3;{5 


o  o  »l 


±0.07 
±0.08 

±0.05 

±0.24 
±0.04 
±0. 037 
±0.04 
±0. 092 
±0.038 

±0.066 
±0.056 
±0. 051 
±0. 047 


±0. 
±0. 
±0. 

±0. 
±0. 
±0. 
±0. 
±0. 


043 
037 
030 
045 
042 
035 
034 
049 


to 
CO  S 


2  east. 

1  do. 

2  west. 

3  do. 

4  do. 

5  do. 

6  do. 

7  do. 

8  do. 

9  do. 

10  do. 

11  do. 

12  do. 


13  do. 

14  do. 

15  do. 

16  do; 

17  do. 

18  do. 

19  do. 

20  do. 


Note.— The  instrument  used  at  stations  Nos.  0, 13,  and  17  was  WUrdemann,  No.  11, 25-inch,  having  a 
defective  level,  and  being,  at  station  No.  6,  also  loose  upon  its  horizontal  nxis.  No.  6.,  being  a  joint  sta- 
tion, was  not  reobserved.  At  stations  Nos.  1  and  4,  Wilrdemann,No.7,'J.")-inch  was  used.  At  all  other 
stations,  the  instrument  used  was  WUrdemann,  No,  20, 32-iuch. 


n^  ^ 


187a, 

UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

Observations  for  Latitude. 

(Astronomioal  StAtloD  No.  1.— Initial  point,  S)  miles  nnrtli  of  Pembina.  Daltntn.— Observer,  W.  J.  Twinlnc,  Captain  TTniteil 
States  Engineers.— Zenitn  Telescope,  Wilxtlemann  No.  7. — Cbtuuometer,  Negus  Sidei«al  No.  1  jl4.) 


If  I! 


B.A.C. 

No. 

Beadings. 

Deelinntton. 

Correclinns. 

Latitude. 

Remarks. 

MIoroni. 

Level. 

Meriii. 
(list. 

Mlcrom. 

Level. 

Refrau. 

Red.  to 
nietid. 

N. 

s. 

655S 

St.  041 
34.  .Via 

40.8 

45.  H 

41.4 
.17.0 

fn.». 

0    1     It 
38  18  19.  35 
65  40  09.  80 

-8  18.87 

+1.71 

-0.04 

" 

0    1     II 
48  99  57.67 

September  tC. 

6788 

;         074S 

m.  873 
S4.  7i7 

44.5 
39.0 

48.4 
47.9 

43  25  30.  (il 
54  40  4.5. 00 

-3  10.  94 

-1.39 

-0.05 

X>.  43 

1        «7Pn 

i:S.60.5 
aij.  047 

44.3 

40.4 

43.8 
47.4 

57  43  01.  38 
40  10  47. 94 

+0  0.5. 59 

-1.39 

0.00 

.58.  83 

(iM7 
01170 

18.  384 
30.0^4 

45.2 
45.7 

44.4 

43.9 

36  28  07. 01 
01  41  40.54 

-5  00.44 

-0..58 

-0. 09 

5.5.67 

Wit 
707J 

19.  8,'-.3 
SJ.035 

45. 0 
29.7 

44.4 
00.3 

81  51  29.03 
30  01  58. 89 

+3  93.45 

-0.  75 

+0.00 

57.58 

721. ■> 
7S;7 

19.  844 

48.088 

51.7 
34.0 

33. 8 
57.4 

57  07  39. 77 
40  40  47.  01 

+5  47.  90 

-0.97 

+0.10 

57. 37 

-IMS 

744d 

10.390 

•ie.  Mi 

4.5.4 
53.4 

40.  5 
,19. 9 

47  08  98.11 
51  00  43.  70 

~7  38. 30 

+2.79 

-0.  13 

57.90 

7-4»'0 
74p« 

20.090 
Si  7.-18 

47.1 

50.8 

40.0 
42.  C 

45  58  .'.a.  84 
58  U3  37. 20 

-1  91.11 

4-1.96 

-0.09 

5.-1.  85 

T.'iO.'S 
7IM5 

19.  95-2 
S:l200 

47.8 
45.  7 

44.9 
47.7 

37  57  55. 90 
GO  00  12.  88 

-9  07.  77 

+0.20 

-0.03 

50.79 

;67il 

19.  aai 

27.  002 

47.3 
38.7 

40.4 
5.5.0 

55  30  50.  39 
42  18  0.5.  88 

+5  29.01 

-3.40 

+0.10 

54.  39 

1          77.V) 
1          770.') 

20.590 
20.  312 

47.  5 
4.-1.  1 

47.0 

48.  5 

"63a 

.58  47  1.5.  .11 
39  05  01. 37 

+3  44. 85 

-0.  C5 

+0.07 

+.14 

51.85 

!          7820 

1 

1.').  4.'.7 
20.  827 

48.  5 
45.0 

44.9 
48.4 

48  49  .5.-1.  53 

49  a4  4.5.  48 

-7  87.97 

+0.18 

-0.  n 

5a  95 

-904 

MS* 

98.  703 
IS.  215 

38.  8 
41.8 

37.  2 

38.  9 

41  10  49.17 

.50  85  18.  59 

+S  .50.  .58 

+0.88 

+0.10 

55.  5fl 

e-jo« 

8873 

2!).  075 
10.  400 

3(1.  5 

3f .  7 

39.8 
3A0 

30  37  2-3.  84 
07  05  54. 89 

+8  18.00 

-0..58 

+0. 10 

57.03 

e,Vi.1 
tiMO 

21.  03.) 

•-■.I.  045 

40.9 
3J,  1 

39.3 

48.8 

32  18  19.  50 
05  40  09.41 

-9  14.88 

-3.40 

-0.04 

.56.  81 

.S.'ptember  18. 

filial 

fiOt^l 

24.  094 
80.400 

41.  5 
3fi.H 

30.9 
4.'>.  8 

40  07  48.  03 
.57  40  89.  44 

+9  48.99 

-1.00 

+'l.  05 

511.04 

«7S8 
0746 

19. 742 

24.  573 

44.0 
31.  8 

38.7 

48.  8 

43  25  30.  85 
54  40  4.5. 88 

-3  10.01 

-1.60 

-0.05 

.56. 31 

«78fl 
6SI7 

1 

9.1.112 
8:1.810 

41.3 
40.2 

48.0 
43.3 

57  43  01.04 
40  10  48. 20 

+0  04. 92 

- 1.  98 

0.00 

57.16 

09^17 
0U70 

18.027 
2.5. 027 

43.7 
37.0 

40.7 
47.3 



30  88  07.  30 
01  41  40.  94 

-4  58.  87 

-1.51 

-0.09 

50. 1  5 

7100 
I          7100 

14.974 

89.  594 

40.0 
30.7 

40.8 
35.  0 

42  45  X>.  90 

55  3:1  33.  94 

-9  3.-1.11 

-4.30 

-0.17 

50. 99 

731.1 
7in7 

18.71.n 
87.579 

43. « 
40. 5 

42.9 
4li.O 

57  07  33.  17 
40  40  48.  37 

+5  47.90 

-1.91 

+0.10 



48  59  57.  50 

96 


h 


RKPOUT  OF  THK  CHIKF  ASTl{()XOMi:i{.  97 

Obiter vaiioHx  for  Latitude. — Station  No.  1 — CuiitiuiitHl. 


U.  A.  C. 
Ko. 

KcadincH. 

DucllDntion. 

Corrcctlous. 

Lntitiiclfi. 

ItHninrkB. 

MIcroin. 

Levd. 

Mrrill. 
di«I. 

Mlcram. 

Lovol. 

Rcfrnc. 

Ri'd.  to 
iiu'iid. 

N. 

S. 

734.-1 

10.074 
87.  UU 

4.5.  9 
M.  6 

41.1 

49.0 

«!.*. 

3      1          .' 

47  08  92. 55 
51  16  44.  20 

-7  3(1.  31 

-1.03 

-0. 13 

0    '     " 
48  ,59  5,5.  00 

1 
Seplonibor  18. 

7490 
74tiU 

80.658 
83. 683 

43.4 
40.6 

44.8 
47.9 

45  58  53.  30 
63  03  37.  70 

-1  19.  CO 

-1.96 

-0.03 

53.  86 

7:10.') 
7liU5 

81. 804 
24.  5-35 

44.  5 

44.0 
46.5 

37  57  .56.  33 
60  06  13.  46 

-8  08.28 

-0.88 

-0.03 

5,-1.  70 

7G:in 
7670 

I8.7.-1O 
87.111 

41.0 

43.7 

44.3 

4.-..  n 

55  rfl  .10  98 
43  13  00.  39 

+3  88.53 

-0.79 

+0,  '0 

50. 55 

7830 

7l«i.i 

10.840 

1    87.0.-14 

43.8 
40.6 

41.6 
4-3.1 

1  31 

48  40  56. 09 

49  24  4.5. 99 

-7  88.  04 

+0.S3 

-0.13 

+  1.  12 

,54.23 

80.930 
15.6.-13 

41.4 
43.3 

44.8 
46.4 

41  10  49.69 
.50  85  19. 24 

^•8  54.36 

-1.84 

+0.16 

57.  75 

8083 

81128 

18.  871! 
85.780 

41.0 
44.4 

40.4 
45.  0 

.56  97  .56.  .59 
41  22  53.  77 

+4  31.  59 

-0.90 

+0.08 

5,-1.  95 

€738 
1)748 

in.  no7 

24.  003 

40.0 

38.7 

37. 8 
38.7 

43  25  31.  80 
54  40  45.  71 

-3  14.13 

+0.03 

-0. 05 

,54.  90 

Septemlicr  SI. 

7100 
711i0 

14.003 
30.  plO 

38.4 
53.  5 

30.8 
34.8 

43  45  39.  71 
55  33  31.69 

-9  43.84 

+3.89 

-0.17 



.'«.  08 

7315 
7377 

18.  700 
87.  630 

30.4 
311.0 

30.4 
43.  0 

,57  07  :W.  77 
40  40  40.  m 

+5  47.  35 

-1.35 

+010 

.57  51 

7:i45 
7448 

14. 465 
86. 130 

40.8 
40.7 

38.7 
39.7 

47  08  9.3. 90 
51  06  44.  93 

-7  38.  48 

+0.70 

-0.  13 

56.  15 

741*0 

-48!1 

SO.  687 

93. 7:i;i 

41.0 
40.7 

30. 0 
39,  9 

45  .58  .51.  00 
53  03  38.  47 

-1  £0.48 

+0.  40 

-0.03 

1 
1              .56.23 

7,-i0-. 
7005 

20.831 
24. 336 

3:1.5 
45  0 

37  57  56,  04 
60  06  14.  33 

-2  13.83 

+  1.46 

-0.03 

.5,1, 3:1 

30.7 

7f.:ili 

17.  8.37 
26.073 

30.7 
43.5 

41.0 

38.6 

,55  .36  51.81 
43  12  07.  10 

+3  23. 98 

+0.61 

+0,10 

54. 14 

77.-.,-| 
77(i3 

18.  735 
94.  344 

38,3 
47.9 

43.7 
34.0 

58  47  16.  83 
39  05  0.1.  .55 

+3  41.  04 

+  1.89 

+0.07 

54.  10 

7-;87 

7800 

10.274 
8iU18 

40.6 
44.8 

41.  5 
38.0 

.53  01  13.35 
45  5:1  49.  .52 

+3  83.35 

+1.19 

+0.03 



55.  .50 

7830 

7583 

LI.  373 

36.  807 

41.3 

40.0 

41.1 
34.  4 

48  49  .56.  93 

49  24  46. 85 

-7  89.83 

+3.  33 

-0.13 

,55. 37 

70(13 
8034 

31.  073 
17.  073 

43  0 
47.7 

43.  4 

37.4 

41  10  .50,48 
56  25  80,  81 

+8  47. 18 

+2. 33 

+0.16 

54. 85 

80:m 

6059 

80.  IO.-> 
21.  6c0 

44.0 
44.8 

41.4 

40.8 

40  81  30,93 
48  36  10.  78 

4  0  ,58.  65 

+  1.48     +0,02 



.5.5.  15 

efls;i 

8138 

18,  933 

84.  0118 

41.  9 

53.  U 

44.7 
33.4 

56  27  57.  56 
..'1  23  54.51 

+4  36.51 

+4,  05 

+0.  08 

,56.  (i7 

=306 
8373 

28.  4(10 
15.  8t'5 

45  0 

45. 9 

43,  0 
43.3 

30  37  21.  04 
07  05  56.  70 

+8  13.33 

+1.,5I 

+0.10    

55.33 

R:I44 

8360 

40 

87 

10. 800 
21.  035 
31.  100 
86.U14  . 

43.  3 
40.7 
40.  3 
51.4 

46.  1 
48.0 
48.8 
34.8 

60  30  47.  75 
60  36  1.5.83 
60  40  39,  73 
37  15  48.31 

+0  ,3:1. 96 
+3  51.  87 

-8  44.  no 

+3.  .53 
+2.  77 
+3.47 

+.11 

4-.  07 
-.05 

.5.5.  64 
56.17 
56.  54 

130 
175 

14.558 
80.651 

44.2 
48  0 

4.5.  0 
40.7 

33  .53  43.71 
65  36  53.  01 

9  5.1.  73 

+1.  40 

-0. 18 

.55  44 

210 

2,5.  O.iO 
19.  870  I 

45  0 
3U.7 

43,5 
48.0 

0  14 

47  35  13.31 
50  16  81.37 

+4  10.74 

-1.73 

i 

1 
+  0.07; 

1 

+0.03 

48  .50  .-..5.  91 

it 


I 


N   B- 


H 


■  i  r 


I 


98  IJXITKI)  STATES  NOUTIIKUX    I'.OIJNDAKY  COMMISSION. 

Observations  fur  Ldliliidc. — ^Slution  Xo.  1 — CoutiiiiUHl. 


aA.c. 

No. 


nfiuiiiigH. 


Lnvcl. 


Microni. 


12- Yr.  711 

a.i:i 

7024 
7073 

7100 
71U0 

7215 
7a77 

7:nr. 

744d 

7<ii0 
74«9 

7riOS 
7'j05 

7(i3a 
7079 

77r)r. 

7705 
7!^0 

7eea 

796-a 
8024 

eorm 

P083 

em 

P206 
8373 

8344 
40 
67 
120 
175 

198 
819 

939 

259 


4rt 
522 


0937 
0970 


7054 
7073 


7215 
7977 


74P0 

7489 


7850 
7882 


X. 


18.511 
2.").  198 

18.004 
a'l.  7ri9 

19. 3-28 
94.  182 

l.-i.  3r,(i 
30. 221 

19.811 
28.  Kll 

l(i.  194 
27. 923 

20.  70.-1 

22.  e(i:i 

20.  .'25 

23.  907 

2l.7.-|fl 
29. 935 

20.  324 
2.',.  878 

10.  r>Ki 
28. 019 

98.371 
14.992 

21.010 
23. 034 

18.331 
2.-..  041 

28. 103 
l.l.  072 

10.418 
30. 095 
20.  4:7 
14.30.-. 
2!'.  410 

2.-).  9r>9 
19.0C1 

27.  838 
17.0^9 

18.  8' 19 
20.  231 

18.  0.-.0 
2U.9."i3 

20.  4.-.2 
9.-..  399 

19.900 
9.S.  728 

20. 021 
22. 0:0 

1.5.  091 
20.414 


42.  5 
40. 9 


30.0 
42.9 


37.3 
40.0 


34.7 
41.4 


Mi-ri(l. 
iliBl. 


3T.  3 
40.  3 


30.2 
43.0 


3,-..  0 
4.-.  8 


38.0 
42.2 


30.3 
44.  5 


35.  0 
44.7 


30.9 
42.0 


3.1.0 
4,''.8 


37.0 
47.1 


3^.  2 
30.  7 
49.9 
40.  3 
30.0 

30.4 
41.2 

39.4 
3,-1.  4 

30.  4 
39. 5 

34.0 
.1.1  I) 


30.7 
35.5 


44  9 

20.  0 


SO.  2 
32.  7 


45.9 
42.0 

3.-..  4 
39.  7 

34.9 
31.0 

37.5 
2.S.0 

39.0 
27.  4 

3J.  5 
32.  5 

37. 0 
2!l.7 

38.  2 
28.0 

3.5.  3 
31.7 

37.4 
29.  0 

3=  3 
29.  0 

37.4 
39.8 

41.0 
20.  4 

39.3 
'ii.  5 

i5.9 
19.2 

39.9 
41.0 
27.  9 
37.  2 
41.0 

41.2 
3.-1. 9 

37.9 
41.9 

10.0 
37.  5 

29.7 
42. 0 

39.9 
4i  2  i 


0  30 


I-- 


33.7 
50.0 


37.  4  I . 
44.2  I. 


Di'C'lilijitinTi. 


Cdrreclioiifi. 


L.-vcl. 


Uifra- 


07  0.-.  .-.-J.  HM 
30  II  4.'.  7 1 

30  2^  0-.2I 
01  41  4J.37 

01  .'.1  e^.'^-i 
30  (ij  Oil.  30 

42  45  4'1.  48 
53  33  3.-,.  r.2 

.'.7  07  31.  k4 

40  40   1.1.71 

47  03  24.  17 
51  00  4(i.  04 

45  5-<  :-;  00 
.52  03  39.  02 

37  .57  57.  83 
00  00  1.5.  .59 

55  :10  ,',3,  13 
IJ  12  08.22 

.58  47  la.  20 
39  05  00.  04 

48  49  :■■>.  23 

49  21  48.  19 

41  10  51.71 
.50  25  21.75 

19  21  10.  04 
4-'  30  12.20 

.■,0  25  .59.  1 1 
41  22  ,5.5.  C7 

30  37  21.  98 

07  05  .58.  27 

00  30  49.  45 
00  49  31.41 
37  15  l!l.  ,55 
32  52  4  I.  83 
05  21)  53.  81 

47  35  13.79 

50  111  22. 78 

00  25  SO.  10 
37  48  30.  29 

47  .-.■>  5 1.  10 
50  02  11.30 

30  28  08.  30 

01  41  18.  .Vi 

01  51  91.72 
30  02  00.  49 

,57  07  35.  00 
40  40  49. 87 

45  .58  .5.5. 27 
.52  03  39. 85 

48  49  .58.  4!) 
43  94  48.  45 


+1  31.  85 
-5  0.5.00 
+  3  10.91 
-9  41.  75 
+3  11.84 
-7  41.39 
1  21.  89 
—2  13.04 
+5  21.74 
+3  38. 18 
-7  29.  78 
4  S  40. 30 
+0  .50.02 
+4  23. 95 

+8  09. 00 

-f  0  3-2.  55 
-2  47.89 

-9  51.  83 

+4  00.90 

-7  03.23 

-0  5!.  40 

-5  .58.85 

43  14.00 

+5  44.07 

-1  20.00 

-7  95.  42 


I 
■1-0.  18 

+0r3 

+  2.1:3 

^  3. 00 

.,2.15 

+  I.SO 

+2.  95 

+3.28 
13.  40.10 

+3.  10  40.07 
-0.  13 
+0.  10 
+0.09 
+0. 08 
+0.  Hi 


1-0.09 
-0.  09 
-(-0.  00 
-0.17 
-i-0. 10 
-n.  13 
-0.02 
-0.  03 


-1-2. 

79 

+  1. 

90 

+■'<■ 

10 

+3. 

07 

+5 

38 

t:l- 

98 

-0 

2!l 

H-o 

II 

-I 

12 

-0 

49 

-3 

19 

-9 

77 

-1 

73 

-3 

19 

-2 

l,.- 

ISoiI.  t(i 
lurrid. 


Lntltiiilo. 


I  48  ,59  .-lO,  43 
,53.  99 


40. 10 


+0.11 
-0.05 


-0.18 
-1-0. 07 
-0.12 
-0.02 
-0.09 
+0.00 
+0.10 
-0.  02 


41.  11 


.50. 05 

.50.14 

50.  08 

55.  38 

.5.5.  38 

50. 99 

.55.  01 

.54.  97 

50.  09 

55.  15 

.55.  ,50 

55.  20 

Jleinarkii 


SoptomborSl. 
September  20. 


-0.  13  i 

i 


50.  88 
50.  51 


.57.  09 
55.  42 
.5.5. 92 
.50.  44 
50.39 
54. 40 
5.5.  50 
53. 75 
48  .59  ,5,5.  74 


Seplemlior  27. 


UEPOItr  OF  TIIH  OrilKF  ASTItONOMEU. 


90 


Obnerratioiiti  Jor  Lutiludc. — Stiitimi  Ao.  I — Coiitiiiiioil. 


aA.c. 

Ko. 


Mii'rum. 


P'JOO 
b'J73 

t<344 
4(1 

67 

1-^0 
IV 

1!I8 
2111 

2:l9 

a."u 
nii-M 

0081 

7(V.'4 
7U7;l 

TlfO 
71U(i 


7;i4,-i 

744-I 


74-0 

74,-i) 


7."iO,"i 

7iiu:> 


77,-ir, 

77C.-. 

7787 
76U0 

78i0 
7p«i 

VM\-1 

ton 

80:ii 
UU59 

boh:! 
81-J? 

eiioc 
era 

8:144 

4(i 
1)7 

i.;o 

I7."i 


ea  171 

14. 1.7 1 

i7.7:ir> 

!i4.(iJ3 

SO.  o:i8 

l(i.  401 
16.S:iO 

M.  4;w 

'Hi.  343 

14.  UIJ 
tm.Ul'J 

S4.  44li 

li'.  mi 

87.  If2 
11).  4^,■^ 

84.  r,73 
811.  4.U 

8'i  ;il'8 
87. 810 

117(0 
3V.  'jM 

l'.).-i:M 
87.  UOl 

ir..(;o;i 

87.311 

8U.  (lllll 
88. 7113 

21.0-.1 
84. 3114 

i.i.a.'.:i 

81.0.'il 

lt^.l^l 
S3. 7,-.7 

18.713 
88. 3:.ll 

l.'i.ai-. 
80.011) 

80.  4I)-J 
10.  100 

ai.rjO'.i 

83. 03.-. 

111.  331 

80.  Ob.  I 


10.  UllJ 

17. 088 
81.fjl 
3I.K(i 
87. 07.-1 

11.401 
80.  4!i0 


lv(.a(liiiKfi. 

Lovfl. 

(list. 

N. 

S. 

30.4 
33.  8 

37.  0 
44. 0 

7/1.  n. 

30.  .'i 
81).  0 

38.  u 
48.7 

40.  .'S 
80. 0 

37. 0 
08.  U 

30.2 
33.  4 
40.8 

4;  J 
l(i.  11 
311.  8 

40.  0 
3(i.  1) 

30.0 
44.8 

40.  0 
3(i.  3 

40.7 
4.-..  0 

30.1 
37.  0 

43. 0 
44.1) 

30. 8 
40.  U 

44.0 
31).  0 

0  81 

4."..  8 
40.0 

4il 

48.0 

1 

4'..  0 
41.7 

48.  4 
43.  (i 

44  0 
4,0.  0 

44.  0 
4I.U 



4'1.  0 
40.0 

4.1.4 
4li.8 

4.1.  0 
40.  :• 

40. 8 
4.0. 3 

40.0 
4-.  (i 

4.-..  8 
41.0 

41.4 
3.'.0 

4T.8 
.00.  3 

4I.H 
4.-'.  1 

411.  0 
48.0 

41.  ►! 

4^8 

40.1 
41.3 

4T0 

40.  0 

40.  8 
41.0 

40.1 
48. 11 

4.-I.  7 
43.7 

4:1. 0 

011.8 

40. 0 
48.1 

4-..  0 

4-.U 

47. 0 
4.-I.  8 

30. 0 
31).  0 

3.-..  7 
33.  9 

34.  8 

33. 11 
34.  0 
4,.9^ 

38.4 
40.  (i 

40.0 
40.  0 
40.4 
34.0 

3(1. 0 
3.-1. 9 

Corrrt^tloon. 


Dt'cliuiitiuii. 


41  10  01.00 
00  80  '^i.  00 

00  87  .00.  04 
4 1  88  00.  '.0 

.•10  37  "0.  18 
07  00  08.  80 

CO  :'0  40.  70 
CO  40  31.70 

37  10  411.  to 

38  08  40.  00 
00  80  04. 17 

47  30  14.  00 
00  IC  83.  00 

00  80  80.41 
37  48  30.  ."3 

40  07  48.  71  I 
07  40  311.  411 

01  01  84.80 
311  08  00. 03 

4J  40  411.  70 

00  33  3.'..  87 

07  07  3.0.  87 
40  40  50  01 

47  08  84.  00 

01  00  40.  48 

40  0^  .v..  4.^ 

08  0.1  40. 08 

37  .-17  0,-.00 
00  00  10.  09 

.'0  30  .03.01 

48  18  OA  00 

.08  47  18.83 
30  00  07. 07 

.08  01  11.8) 
40  03  01.80 

4-<  40  .08.  70 

40  81  4'<.  78 

41  10  08. -.'O  ; 
M  SO  8  J.  37  , 

40  81  41.81 
4r-  30  18.77 

00  87  0.1.  70  I 

41  S8  00.38 

30  37  2.0.  31 
(:?  00  ,09.  81 

CO  30  00. 13 
00  30  l-.a-! 
(Ill  40  38. 13 
37  10  00.00  j 

3J  08  40.  88 
CO  80  01.  08  I 


&tlt'l'lMIl. 

l.i'vd. 

Iti'frui;. 

*        II 
+8  .'lO.OI 

-8. 18 

+0.  10 

+4.31.30 

-1. 11 

-i0.08 

+8  10.00 

-.-..CO 

+  0.10 

+0  37.  88 

-1.18 

•fO.  11 

-2  41.09 

-S.  01 

-0.00  i 

-0  00.00 

-1.08 

-0.18 

+4  09.90 

-8.00 

+0.07 

-7  00.07 

-8.  a; 

-0.  18 

-)  8  47.07 

-0.01 

-1-0.00 

-f  J  14.80 

-0.97 

40. 00 

-9  41.40 

+0. 07 

-0.17 

+0  43.  38 

HO.  80 

1-0.  10 

-7  39.  10 

+0.  43 

-0.13 

-1  88.  17 

-to.  80 

-0.02 

-a  11.  .04 

+  I.I7 

-0.03  i 

+0  3a  47 

-0.77 

+0.10 

+3  30.23 

+0.  09 

-1-0.07 

-18  80.71 

+  1.39 

-1-0.0.1  ■ 

-7  80.77 

+0.  30 

-0.  la 

+8  40.81 

+  1.80 

-t-n.  10  i 

+0  07.  07 

-4-0.71 

-1-0.  08 

+4  8.0.  88 

+0. 38 

-fO.  Or. 

+8  13.40 

+1.0J 

-1-0. 10 

+0  33. 10 
+3  00. 88 
-8  4.0.20 

-»-0.  87 
-  -0. 00 
-j-0.  87 

-1-0. 1 1 
-{-0.07 
-0. 00 

-0  03.  ,00 

-1-1.40 

-0...8 

1.00 


Latiliiilc. 


48  0  1  0.0.  90 
05.10 

OJ.  17 

.00. 00 
.07.  00 

07.  70 

00.  08 

00. 73 

.'0,  70 

00.  00 

07  00 

50. 37 

.00.  07 

.05. 08 

06.07 

04. 05 

,03.84 

.04.  80 

58.19 

.00. 51 

0.0. 42 

54.41 

07.  03 


.0.1.  07 
04. 08 
50. 00 


llriiiaikK. 


f'lilriuln-r87. 


S('iiti'nilH'rS8. 


100  UNITED  STATKS  NOKTIIKKN    BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Obxcrvatiom  for  Latitude. — Station  Xo,  I — Continiipd. 


B.A.C. 

No. 

Koodiusn. 

Declination. 

n     1       f 
47  35  14.  38 
50  lU  'S\.  3!) 

iIO  25  'J!l.  78 
37  48  30.  77 

(17  05  5.5.  35 
30  44  Sl.iJO 

as  04  SO.  !l(l 
m  30  '.14. 70 

(yorrr  (-lions. 

LntlliKlo. 

O        t          It 

48  89  .5(1.  13 
.57.  18 
5.5.  71 

48  50  57.  99 

Romarkn. 

Mioroin. 

94. 750 

lt<.  .-i;i:i 

an.  4:in 
17.  on 

in.  :m 

MO.  4-J5 

at.  iir,7 

15.  108 

Lovol. 

Mcrld. 
(list 

MIrroTo. 

(4  04.  50 
-7  04.11 
+4  31.11 
H-9  33.71 

I.rvcl. 

-|'.'.(M 
-1-1.17 
-1-1.19 
+1..'.7 

llcfnic 

-fd.  07 
-0.1 'J 
■F0.09 
-1-0.  18 

llol.  In 
inc:  1(1. 

-1  0.  04 

X. 

8. 

19S 
81U 

a.i9 

ttS9 

ISYr.  Tl 
345 

401 

34.0 
47.4 

:i7.o 
40. ;. 

3S.3 

4U.5 

;w.3 

4.1.  3 

41.  :i 

•J8.  5 

,■17.  8 
M.  1 

;i7.B 
;i5.7 

40.0 
33.0 

m.H. 
'"o'so 

Spptcnibor  'J8. 

104  (lotorminntious. 

Mfnn  Intitddo,  480  sjy  s.i'.cjj 

Value  of  niicroraoter  tura  uflod,  7H".075 

Valuo  of  one  diviaion  of  lorol,  0".i<gii5 


f  l".a3 

T  0".8J 

»„  o".ia 

T„  0".08 


187a. 

UKITEl)  STATES  NORTH  EUN  llOUNDAUY. 

ObHcrvuiions  for  LatHude. 

[  Antronomlcal  Stntlon  No.  fl.  pnnt.— Tii)1<n  «tf  tlir  "WcmkIh.  «!)  nillrt*  rnst  (if  rcniliiiin,— Olmorver  W.  J.  Twininp,  (/ftpiatn  United 
States  KiifiiiiriTti. — Zcuilli  Tt'K>Hr<)|M>,  WiirdriiiHrin  Nu.  7.— Cliroiioinetor,  Nr^iisHlilori'iiI  No.  l.'iM. 


B.A.C. 

Nf. 


ins 
aio 


s.vj 


tS-Yr.  73 


401 

4;iK 


487 
.Its 

5i;c 


nil 
ti.'* 


741 

7.VJ 


8-r. 


C728 
U74H 


81170 


707:1 


TJl.l 
7'J77 


734.7 
7448 


7481) 
7480 


7.'.0.-| 
7(10.7 


7ii:in 

7li7U 


7787 
7800 


7820 

7882 


Iti'adingfl. 


Mlcrom. 


Liivcl. 


N.       S. 


2.'..  lOf. 
111.  IU4 

C8. 280 

17.  Il4.'i 

10.  ;in.'p 

2.'p.  832 

28. 470 
14.418 

18.  4f7 
20.  :I4I 

25.  (i.'i8 

2.1.  r.n:i 

18. 184 

2.1. 08 1 
20.018 

14.1,74 
31.04.7 

10.  .TOl 
24.  787 

17.  804 
2.-1.  872 

I 
10.307 
23.070  I 

13.014  1 

20.027  I 

17.801 
20.2.7.1  ; 

111.3011 
28.343 

aO.  173 

20. 030 

20.  (124 

23.  721 

21.  POl 
20.715 

18.810 

24.  U70 

10.  340 

22.  584 

1.7.070 
87.  4ri7 


38,  :i 
34.8 

:i.7.  7 
48.4 

38.1 
40.  5 

30.0 
4.7. 0 

40.0 
40.  0 
4.7.  U 

38. :, 

30.4 

30.  0 
40.  7 

40.0 
47. 2 

41.7 
40.0 

41.8 
41.3 

40  8 
4.7.  5 

42.0 
43.  G 

40.3 
47.8 

4.7.2 
44.7 

4.7.  8 
44. 5 

40.8 
43.3 

44.0 
40.0 

43.7 
47.0 

44.0 
40.0 

4.7.  ,7 
4C.G 


37. 0 

40.4 

30.4 
27. 2 

38.0 
37.1 

37.0 
32.3 

.37.7 

32.  8 
32. 7 

40.  3 
30.  0 

40.6 
30.1 

30.  5 
32.0 

38.8 
30.  ri 

40. 0 
41.7 

42.7 

38.7 

4'i2 
41.0 

41.0 
37.8 

40.0 
42.0 

41.4 
42. 0 

40.  (1 
41.8 

41.2 
42.  .7 

4.7. 1 
42.  2 

4.7. 0 
42.4 

43.4 
42.  S 


Hirlil. 


m.K. 
0  35 


Deciiiiatioii. 


47  35  10.  31 
SO  111  28.  .73 

CO  25  3.7.  05 
37  48  31.  84 

07  00  Ol.f.O 
■M  4 1  54.  57 

28  04  24.  01 
(iO  311  31.01 

47  .78  .7n.82( 
no  02  40.  87  i 

50  Oil  40.  on 

03  411  20.  (10 
34  23  00.  34 

00  40  40.  (18 
31  13  4.7.03 

10  2-  08.  (II 
78  .74  37.01 

43  25  32.  34 

54  40  47. 33 

30  28  0;i.  47 

01  41  .'lO.  01 

01  51  27.04 
30  02  01.  02 

42  4.7  4->.  40 

55  33  3i'.  28 

.77  07  37.  f-0 
40  40  52.  14 

47  0->  27. 10 

51  00  40. 08 

45  .78  58.  50 

52  03  43.  54 

37  58  00. 80 
CO  00  20. 22 

55  30  .77.  OC 
42  12  12  00 

.78  47  2.7. 30 
30  05  10. 34 

52  01  18.  47 
45  63  55.  12 

4"  50  01  00 
4'J  21  53.07 


Corrt'clioiiH. 


Micriiiii. 

+  3  62.  .7(1 

-  7  22.  31 
-1-4  13.21 
-1-0  12.77 

-  1  12.03 

-  4  .70.  22 

-  S  (;0. 40 
-11  30.84 

-  3  24.  h7 

-  5  13.83 
+  2  .70.  8ft 

-  0  51.51 
+  5  30. 20 

-  7  .73.  30 

-  1  37.  01 

-  2  25.  43 
-)  5  11.39 
-f  3  211.  01 
+  2  07.  37 

-  7  43. 07 


Lovi'l.    llcl'rnc. 


-0.88 
+3. 04 
^2.81 
-13.51 
-(3.  (10 

-0.40 
-f4.00 
+3.  53 

-^0.  no 


+0.07 
-0. 13 
-(-0. 08 
+0.17 
-0.02 

-0.00 
-0.01 
-0.20 
-D.OU 


JIimI.  In 
nil-'llll. 


+0.10 


+0.11 


+  0.11   I   -0.10 

-1-1.  10  I  +0.0.-1 

[ 
+0..74  !  -0.18 


+1.42 
+  1..77 
-1-1.35 
-)  1.  00 
-to.  88 
-10.  70 
4  0.  70 
-11.  SO 


-1-0. 10 
-0. 13 
-0.02 


,  u.  i):t 
+0.00 

+0.  0.1 

-0. 13 

Lntltiidi'. 

o       '        /# 

48  5U  45. 83 
40.  74 
44.  18 

4;i.  Of. 

1.7.  .78 

40.76 
40.  47 
4(1. 36 
4,7.  80 
40  '^ 
4.7.  ,72 

■n;.  24 

40.  73 
46.  411 
4.7.  31 
40.  13 
47.12 
44.  :8 
44.  09 
48  53  45. 57 


Itpiunrka. 


Ootolwr  16. 


OctdlliU'  17. 


101 


p 


\ 


102         UN1TEI>  STATES  NOUTHKUN   BOIJNDAHY  COMMISSION. 

Obscrvutionsfur  Latitude. — Station  No,  'J — Coiitiiiuud. 


11.  A.  C. 

Nil. 

lllUllllll^H,                           1 

Di'cllniUiiin. 

Corrtcll'iun. 

L.1III111I1.. 

0    1     .* 
48  59  4,5.  38 

ItiMuirkii. 

Microni. 

I.CVfl. 

1 
M.'il.l. 

lliHt. 

m.>. 

Mlcruni. 
■H  8  3i'3 

t.OVll. 

KlIViic 

llnl.  Ill 
iniriil. 

N. 

S. 

•>.  130 
l.'i.  Ill 

44  4 

4.<.  3 

4."i.  3 
41.7 

41  10  .'A  10 

Ht  25  27.  53 

41.28 

-t  0.  15 

„ 

Octulrer  17. 

80:10 

sn.1117 

vll.  9.-J 

43.  0 

49.  li 

411.0 
40.0 

49  81    l.-i.  Ml 
48  30  17.  44 

+  0  41.  KP 

-l-l.'ij 

-10.02 

45.  19 

Pl'JS 

If.  .'.37 
1!4.  KIH 

4.'..  I 
47.0 

14.  4 

42.2 

50  8-<  ().•..  07 
41  2:1  10.58 

-1-  4  11.01 

-11.41 

-1-0.  07 

45. 34 

H-.'Oli 
8-J7;l 

■i'.l.'iU 
17.  149 

4.-1.  3 
49.0 

4,-i.  3 
41. U 

30  37  28.  70 
07  00  U.'i.  50 

+  1  .'.3.79 

+1.73 

-fO.15 

41.77 

t<:iu 

1».  443 

4,V  a 
49.  U 

40.  1 
41.0 

73  42  13.  54 
24  20  08.  19 

-  4  80.  03 

41.00 

-0.09 

4:-,  75 

KH4 

4ti 

in 

10.  3r4 

liO.  .'.■.Il 
311.  I'll'.! 

ii:>.iiui 

40.7 
49.0 
40.  4 
43.2 

3?.  7 
31'.  9 
3-,  9 
30.7 

080 

'iO  30  .'.0. 14 
00  30  24. 3.1 
1:11  4J  38. 23 
37  15  54.3,1 

+  0  17.  92 
-I-  3  34. 1-0 

-  3  01.78 

,  1.91 
4-1.70 

-1-i.s.o 

-1-0.  11 
4-0.  00 

-0.  05 

+0.04 

4.-..  21 
4.5.91 

41'^  25 

lao 

115 

13.7.'i.-< 
29. 307 

40.4 
43.5 

39.0 
30.5 

"d  ifi 

32  f'i  49.  04 
05  2V  Ul.OI 

-JO  11. CO 

+  1.75 

-0.19 

-f  0.  02 

4 1. 95 

19H 

tllU 

34,  li.-i.l 
Id  t'M 

40.  .1 
43.1 

39.  7 
30.9 

47  ;'5  19..'.- 
,'.0  10  2,8.  to 

-1-  3  48.  98 

+I..57 

4-0.07 

44.  PO 

i.':i(» 

87.  01, 'i 
10.  4U1 

3:1.  i 
43.7 

411. 5 
30.1 

00  '25  3.V  97 
37   18  35. 04 

-  7  21.  13 

-1  1.  40 

-0.  13 

4;..  70 

IJ.Vr.  73 
343 

111.  3l>H 
iUi.  VH 

39. 4 
40.  4 

40.7 
34.1 

07  00  01.94 
30  44  51.74 

1-  4  1.5.  ,54 

+2.38 

-l-».  08 

40.31 

4i'l 

U9.0I4 

39.  9 
44.4 

49. 0 
30.3 

28  04  84. 17 

09  30  31.  37 

+  9  l.'i.  37 

-l-I.CO 

-hO.  17 

41.97 

474 

4»7 

r.6o 

13. 097 

17.  -b:! 
19.  .'i7li 
::4. 8«0 

42.0 
42.  1 
42. 5 
42.  1 

3i<.9 

.■I."  ::■ 
3-.  4 

3-'.  7 



48  01  '20.79 
47  .VJ  l»i.  08 
5  1  02  .Ml.  1 1 
50  09   10.  32 

7  19.91 

-  1  iu.5;i 

+1.40 
■il.04 

-0.  12 

-0. 02 

41. 98 
4li.  '20 

(III 

a.-..  7l!.'i 
la  I3S 

49.1 
41.0 

49.0 
39. 0 

03  40  80. 92 
34  2.1  00.  53 

-  4  59.  93 

■10.34 

-0.C9 

47.  05 

74i 

■..•.a 

ftl  4116 
;■).  499 

40.7 
40.9 

40.0 
40.8 

Oil  49  49.41 
31  13  4(1.  U9 

-  1  50.71 

-1  D.  04 

-I'.OI 

411. 51 

14.  .■!.■« 
3i.l7e) 

40.  9 
42.3 

41.9 
49.  3 

19  28  0-..  13 
78  54  3-  95 

-U  37.00 

+0.  43 

-O.'JO 

40.  15 

079 
9911 

18. 1  7 
!J5.3« 

39,  9 
4,-1. 1 

43.  4 

38.9 

77  15  42.  38 
•20  34  20.81 

-f.  4  43. 13 

-10.81 

-l-O- 10 

4.-..  10 

1101 
11127 

19.  ri03 
!i-J.  ±!,T 

41. H 

43. 1) 

41.4 
49. 2 

31   15  13.35 
00  47  .52.82 

-  1  47.  CS 

+0. 72 

-0.  03 

411. 1,9 

1203 
11!-J« 

2.1.  .'..Ir 
19.  731 

41.4 

42.8 

41.9 

40. 1) 

02  41  40.92 
35  25  24.  25 

-  3  47. 05 

+0.  -M 

-0.07 

4.-..  25 

12.14 
f.'87 

SI.  710 
iM.  131 

19. 0 
43. 9 

42.  7 

39. 7 

.'.0  00  09.  19 
48  1.4  58.  .55 

-  'J  48.40 

+0.  47 

-0.05 

45.  P3 

0758 
GT4cl 

19.421 

SO.  oeo 

4-..  2 
37.7 

3.'..  1 
43.1 

■13  85  32.  3 1 
51  49  47.34 

-  .1  '2:1.  00 

+  1.05 

-0.00 

17. 78 

Oclobir  18. 

0760 
0S17 

23.  101 

21.  mi 

10.7 
35.  2 

40. 5 
40.  4 

.57  43  U3.  99 
40  10  50.02 

-  0  08. 42 

-'2.18 

0.00 

4li.  10 

0937 
0070 

18.144 

42.0 
44.0 

41.0 
39. 1 

30  88  09.  48 
01  41  .50.05 

—  5  1,5.  99 

I  1.33 

-0.  10 

4.-..  31 

70J4 
-073 

20.  "19 
24,  .'.01 

4 '.4 
41.2 

4,^.8 
39  'J 

01  51  2:.<ll 
30  02  01.92 

-i- 2, 58. 07 

1 
-1  1.3:1  .    1  0.05 

18  .59  4  1.  59 

Kin'oitr  di"  Tin:  ciiii;!  astiiono.mki:. 


lOS 


ObatrvuiioHH  Jor  Lutititilv. — ISIiUkhi  J\o.  J-  C'uiiliiiiU'd. 


aA.c. 

llt'lKlill^H 

Di'tUnnlliPii. 

(,'urilCllulll. 

I.utlni.ic. 

lt('(((i((kH. 

Ulcruni 

lAtvel. 

MlTl.l. 

(li»t. 

Ulcruni. 

Lev,!,  ucfriu-.  ',',:'.:i;i: 

N. 

8. 

7100 
71liO 

14..VJ4 

s',1.  oj;. 

41..'. 

4.'..  a 

42.4 
37.  U 

m.: 

0    ' 

4.'  4.-.  4 ;. ,  1 

f..'.  33  31-.  3:. 

-   U.-.I.Sj 

4  1.  .•>! 

-0. 18 

^^ 

48  511  411.01 

Uctulivr  18. 

1J1S 

I7.8-.-J 
UO.  iPl 

40.  0 
4.'..  0 

43.4 
3«.7 

.'.1  07  ,T.07 
40  40  ^2,  i.0 

-1-  5  se.  04 

40. '12 

4 II.  10 

45.  04 

M4;. 

7443 

1(1. 14:1 

ii6.  i.iO 

41.0 
40.0 

4,'.  4 
41.2 

47  O.^  27.  2- 
il  00  4;i,tO 

-  7  il.77 

-0.0  J 

-0.  13 

4,'.,  73 

7JtO 
74eli 

20.  717 
VU.  lliO 

42.  R 
40.0 

4.',  3 
44.4 

4.'i  .V  ;h.  01 
12  0,7  43.02 

-   1  30.31 

-0.  71 

-0.(12 

4...  01 

i:,or, 

7005 

SO.  .'..-..■. 

!i4.1.0il 

4:1.0 

;io,  II 

41.0 

40.3 

37  .'..s  00.  0.'. 
00  00  20.41 

-2  23.74 

-  0.  00 

-0.04 

4.-..  01 

7ii:io 

1i'.70i; 
'M.  OUI 

42.0 
40.7 

43.  .1 
4l.ti 

.'..1  30  .'.7.  Kl 
42  12  12.  13 

4-  5  00.  40 

- 1. 80 

4  0. 0!) 

43.  27 

7700 

10.  4!i|l 

HI.-..; 

40,  0 
40.7 

44.7 
3S.0 

"0  17 

,'.H  47  21.  .'.1 
30  0;.  10,  4(1 

-[•  3  27.  Ill 

4  0. 00 

4  0. 0(1 

40.04 

4.5.  in 

7^00 

19. 4;i-j 

4.'.  2 
41.0 

43.0 
41.0 

.V2  0I   18,0.'. 
4,-.  W.  :....  '.:< 

4-  a  00.00 

4  0.  38 

4  0. 03 

44.84 

78  J(, 
70BJ 

in.  ('JO 
a:.  i;o;i 

42.  !l 
411.7 

42.3 
41. « 

4.'f  r.0  CI. 0.1 

411  24  .',3.8.'. 

-  7  4.1, 12 

4  0  .Ml 

-0.13 



4.'..  40 

7!iiig 

ijl>^4 

iJ. BOO 
i;..o40 

4  1.4 
4I.& 

42.4 
41.7 

41   1(1  .'.(1.27 
CO  U't  27.  70 

+  8  30,  17 

4  0.  85 

4  0. 15 

4:1.  Ill 

bii.ill 

e.'i.  4i«i 

l!i;.5UI 

44.  ;i 

4J.U 

4-1 ,1 

0  22 

■10  21  4(1.  1(1 
48  30  17.01 

+  0  44,  3- 

4  0,83 

4  0.0  J 

4  0.0(1 

47.  15 

IH.471; 

li4.  B.'iO 

42.  :i 

4i.2 

41.0 
41,0 

r.ii  '2-'  0.-..  ro 

41  23  00.70 

4-  4  10,  to 

40.  .'ill     40.07 

4 1.  .'.5 

aaaii 
10.  S7.-. 

:i:i.  7 
3:..  a 

33.  0 
32,3 

30  37  a-". CI 
07  00  0,'..tO 

4-  7, '.4. 115 

4  0.  07      4  0.  15 

42.  78 

Kill 
t.lJI 

2.'.  ;ii'.ii 

If.  014 

:i:i.  0 

30.5 

33,  0 
31.0 

7:1  42  13.  fO 
21  2(1  lid.  ;i"( 

-  4  2.-..  1.1 

■  11.17 

-O.li'l 

40.  .'.5 

p:ni 

f:ii:ii 

41', 

in.4ij 

20.  r»7j 
no.  i',;h 
20.UII 

:i;i,  7 
3:1. 0 
31.7 
3:1,0 

33,  7 
33, 11 
33,  K 
32.0 

00  30  ,-.0.  .'1 
Oil  30  al..'.4 
Oil  4'i  38.  r.i 

;;7  lODi.i.o 

4-  0  18.78 
-1-  3  3.-..  14 
-  3  00.  SI 

4M..-1 
•jO.fl 
(•1).  70 

4  0. 1 1 
4-0.00 

-  0. 05 

4...  21 
45  .'.3 
4(1.  12 

I'.'O 

1 1.  HV.l 
■Ml.  2^  1 

34.  c 

31.  f 

•13,2 
3J.(I 

:;::::: 

32  r.2  4:1.  21 
Hj  27  01.31 

-111  08.75 

4-0.72 

-0.111 

47.  05 

l!'8 
I'lfl 

20.  1>7 
20.  j;.7 

;io.  1 

32.  0 

31.7 
3.1.3 

47  3.-I  lil.  !-2 
50  10  2M.C7 

4-  3  40.  34 

4  0.38 

40.07 

44.  24 

IJ-Yr.Tl 
:il.-i 

lO.O.M 
2.).  002 

41.0 
24. 0 

4I0 

117  0(1  0 ;.  27 
30  4 1  :>t. 00 

4-  4  17.  31 

i  0.  01 

4-0. 08 

40.  .57 

47) 
4-7 

i-.iio 

14.  fOJ 

If.  O.^.H 

20.  74.'. 
20.  OJ.-. 

114. .'. 
31.4 
3...  1 
X.'..  0 

33.3 
33.  4 
3J.0 
31.0 

"o'ii 

48  01  21.0,'. 
47  .'.0  00. 3 1 
.'.0  02  .Ml.  11 
r.O  Oil  40.  .'..- 

-  7-17.00 

-  1   10. 30 

1 

-;i.  17    -0,12 

•  1  0.  70      -0.  OJ 

-HO,  11 

411.  0(1 
4,5,  05 

on 

0.jli 

211.11'. 
Id.  4,'.i: 

^.^ 

3.7,  7 

01  411  27.21 
31  23  00,71 

-  5  01.  Ill 

i  1..-..1    -ii.o;i 

47, 83 

741 

ra 

b:i.  010 
80.  OBI 

30.  5 
32. 0 

31.8 
30.  3 

no  4!l  411.  73 
31   13  4(1,2.-. 

-   I  .'.0.08 

(  0.  on    -  0. 04 

411,  80 

evu 

1:1.  IHO 
30.  UO.". 

33.  7 
30.0 

31,0 
31.7 

Ill  S1I  08.21 
78  54  38.  -J.t 

-11  37.22 

io.  00    -0.20 

411, 07 

97!) 
OUD 

17.  r..'.o 

24.  7110 

23.  :i 

42,8 

■t'.t, 
20.7 

77  1.7  4.'.  71 
20  34  20.0(1 

1-  4  43.  .50 

1 

10.00  j  4  11.10 

4.5. 40 

l','o:i 

li!2S 

2.'  217 
10.  428 

3;.  0 

3,^.  0 

3,1.  r, 

20.  » 

11.'  41  41.11 
ll.'i  2.'.  21.110 

3  47.72 

''■l"i  -»■"■  

IS  50  40.  IS 

t! 


, 


!■•* 


104  UNITED  STATES  XORTnEKN  BOJNDAKY  COMMISSION'. 

ObHervatiom  for  Lutitudc. — Station  No,  2 — Contiimeil. 


BA.C 

No. 


1  ■:.-■< 


)2-4 
1-8! 


77.V. 
7i05 


80  ;n 
8jug 

eos:) 

elJ8 
8j7;i 

8^N 

8:iJ4 

Km 

Kllli 
4U 
(17 


IlcadtDgA. 


1 


Micron). 


til. -1:14 
30.  1-Jl 

211  ll.-|| 
'.l.IWi 

in.  Oir. 
■J4.  i* 

11.290 
WA  IDS 

il.fOl 
2i  6(12 

IH.  .V.'S 
•;4.  !K.O 

2H.  ,'il!) 
1(1.  M) 

■-4.  ^^^l 

18.  (,78 

1. "1.724 
r.>.0(4 
211.  U7.I 
2^  3H 


Lovel. 


3:1.8 
-.1(1.  fi 


;!8.4 
4U.  3 


Moriil. 
dist. 


3X  8  i 
31.1 


41.0 

3;>.  4  • 


:;n.  7  ' 

37.0  i 


Drclinntlon. 


Corrcctiuos. 


(0  o:i. 

U4  .'iS. 


I  00  10. 
(  04  .'.9 


37.  3     40. 7  ' 
41.0     37.2 


:'8. 4 

41.4 

40.7 
111).  4 

30.  7 
40.(1 

40. :, 
3A0 

30.4 

3a  !i 

30.  1 
4U.  (1 


40.4 

37.  b  ' 


■.•S.  1  1 
30.7 


30.  (1 
30.2  I 


40.11 

10  4 
40.  (1 
41'.  r, 
,11.0 


47  21. 
O.-i  II. 


I  .-0  03.  E 
I  24  ;;l.  I 

I  21  47.  I 
I  3(1  18.  t 

i  28  0'!.  : 
23  01.  C 

I  37  2(1. ,' 
■  Oil  07.  •; 

42  r..  ^ 

20  C3  t 

30  .^7.  i 
3U  2\'. 
4.1  31.  ^ 

l.'l      klJ.    L 


Microu). 

-  2  40. 00 

-  2  48.  4(1 
f  3  2(1.  M 

-  7  44. 14 
-f  0  4(1.  74 
+  4  10.  fl(i 
+  7  ri6. 77 

-  4  20.  01 

+  0  18.  82 
-I-  3  34.30 

-  3  01.  ;o 


Level. 


ll<frac. 


Ivcil  to 
raerid. 


+1. 24 

-O.O.T 

—0.22 

-0.0.-. 

+0.2.-. 

+0.  UO 

+0.00 

-0.13 

+0.  43 

-1-0  02 

+o.r,2 

-1-0.07 

+0.34 

+0. 1.-. 

-0. 20 

-0.  CO 

+0.18 
-0.  02 
+0.04 

+0.11 
-fll.  (10 
-O.Uj 

+0.0.-. 


Latitud 

0. 

c      , 

• 

4:i  50  4.-. 

60 

4(1 

14 

44 

70 

4' 

c3 

4.-I 

08 

4.1 

33 

4.-) 

(17 

4.-. 

28 

4.-. 

71 

4.'. 

00 

48  DO  45 

Ul 

Ui-uiarltH. 


OcldlKT  l.S. 
October  22. 
October  23. 


Mcun  latitude,  4hi>  i.O'  45".C7. 

^ttimlier  ofdeti-Tniiniiti'  oh,  84. 

Vnluo  (if  micronietrio  t.ini,    78". 07.'. 
Ouo  dirieiion  of  li3\  el,  C.SUtrj. 


0".0.') 
0".0(13 
0".010 
O".0O7 


g;     jl 


in 


106  UISITED  STATES  KORTilEKN  BOU>'DARY  COMMISSION. 

Observations  for  Latitude — Station  No.  2 — Contiiiuoi'.. 


B.  AC. 

No. 

Headings. 

DcclioBtiiiD. 

Corrections. 

Latitmlo. 

Remarka. 

Micrum. 

Level. 

MlTill. 

Miorom. 

Lovel. 

Kefrao. 

Riul.  to 
moriil. 

N. 

S. 

AM. 

5.WJ 
55JJ 

n.441 

S'J.  -Jsu 

313 
35.0 

31.1 

30.  G 

m,s. 

0    ,       " 
55  20  3f .  08 
42  1.1)  4J.  23 

I- 10  15.40 

+  (1.30 

+0.18 

" 

48  59  50. 90 

1 

.luuo  14. 

10.S03 
31.  M7 

34.0 
34.2 

32.0 
33.2 

CD  02  33. 10 
28  35  24.  41 

+ioc7.(;o 

+  0.07 

+O.S0 

57  23 

l.l.  lf>5 
!;l.  104 

37!  7 

35.8 
30.1 

' 'o'io' 

42  87  f.5.  2;! 
55  37  C4. 90 

-  3  04. 27 

+  1.03 

-0.05 

+0.  05 

re.  HO 

5t)!M 
682J 

8.1. 007 
li481 

33.2 
37.1 

34.9 
31.8 

31  54  42.50 
C5  52  12.  40 

+  6  2!'.C5 

+  0.94 

+0.11 

57.  20 

Mill 

25. 777 
14. 4C4 

S4.!l 
34.8 

33.4 
33.2 

49  40  37.  78 
48  21  .57.  01 

-  5  51.  01 

+  0.(19 

-0.(9 

57.28 

6114 

1)157 

12.  •j.ro 

S!j.  444 

31.8 
20.0 

20  0 
28.0 

70  58  33.  74 
SO  47  30. 00 

+  6  49. 19 

I  1.52 

+  0.14 

57.07 

c;c8 

13.  5:,9 
IB.  115 

23.0 
1.8.0 

85.3 
20.1 

39  20  13.  61 
58  43  31.51 

-  4  5C.  M 

+  1.25 

-0.09 

57.  M 

KilB 

11.  435 

ijB.  072 

2.1.0 
27.8 

23.2 
21. U 

.50  27  45. 28 
38  14  53. 13 

+  8  30.  20 

+  1.00 

+0. 15 

.57.22 

rrt7l 
WW 

23.  433 
17.702 

;k.o 

31.8 

38.1 
32.8 

42  4S  20.  02 
55  OJ  34.  22 

+  2  20. 79 

-0.25 

+0.05 



,58.  21 

Juno  15. 

5415 
5JGU 

12.  IGO 

34.0 

30.1 

31.0 
34.0 

58  10  10  40 
40  UU  40.  40 

-  8  30. 18 

-0.40 

-0.14 

57.71 

55il 

14.  4110 
34.  324 

32.1 
32.0 

33.0 

.'■;  0 

K  20  3-'.  !>3 
42  03  43.  40 

t  10  10.  3.1 

-0.33 

+  0.18 



57.  3b 

24.  815 
li  311 

,13.0 
33.3 

32.  1 
32  8 

31  51  42.72 
.'5  52  12.  77 

1-  0  28.  59 

+  0.31 

+0.18 

50.70 

5U11 

2(1.  5.-.5 
15. 187 

3;l  7 
33.0 

32.  1 

33.  1 

4  >  r.)  3J.  05 
4H  21  57.  87 

—  5  52. 72 

+0.33 

-0.00 

,55.  48 

0047 
UU73 

2(1.  7 ill 
10.541 

33.  0 
34.0 

31.0 
32.1 

72  12  31  30 
20  04  11.  OU 

-  8  24. 20 

+  0.-I0 

-0.15 



57.  08 

cm 

(il57 

11.  .WO 

32.0 
35.3 

34.8 
32.1 

70  5-1  34.  02 
iO  47  40.  11 

+  C  53.  .50 

+  0.42 

+0. 14 

58.  22 

14.375 
23.  hOS 

34.0 
3A0 

3.5.  5 
30.4 

39  20  14.00 
58  43  31.  ei 

-  4  50.  CO 

+  1.30 

-0.09 

.  , 

,'.8.  50 

e:il>< 
o;iC5 

ii.5;c 
2rt.  -JJl) 

32.  2 
J7.0 

30.2 
32.5 

,'.9  27  45.  58 
3o  .4  53. 4U 

1    8  3)^.2.5 

+  0.11 

+0. 15 

58. 00 

Olvil 
1          C47(i 

20,  351 
20.0.11 

31.0 
35.1 

31.8 
34.1 

49  17  21.10 
4s  41  55.73 

h  0  le.ou 

+  0.25 

+0.01 

51i.  07 

cr5;i 

li5?0 

17.740 
21.  520 

37.1 
33.1 

32. 1 
3i).  5 

32  17  (:2.82 
05  45  40. 70 

-  1  57.  47 

+0.  30 

-0.  03 

57.37 

(i(!'J4 

21.015 
l."i.83J 

311.  1 
3...  5 

33.  5 
34.4 

40  07  20. 3.'' 
5;  45  07.  .Mi 

+  3  08.71 

+0. 83 

+-0. 05 



58.00 

(.72  r! 
1,7 1" 

17.SI4 

2i.7o2 

.33.  5 
37.  0 

3(1.  0 
32.7 

4125  11  77 
5)  40  2I.3J 

-  a51.2f 

+0. 17 

-o.o.-i 



57.  29 

(.7,-n 

U8I7 

17.018 
IH.  U.-O 

3-..  ^ 

32.  t' 

31.  H 
3i'.0 

5-  4!  30.  .'.7 
40  l(i  2i01 

+  0  23.  95 

-0.01 

+  U.  01 

...• 

.57.80 

7(WI 
707:l 

Hi.  (iCi  • 
23.014 

34.  1 
35.1 

37.0 
30.0 

CI  50  02.41 
30  01  41.43 

+  3  35.  TO 

-".  r5      +0.00 



58.  33 

71011 
71I.U 

10.717 
28.  >'40 

3:*.  1 
35.4 

:-,3. 0 
35.  0 

4;  45  21.a5 
55  33  1 1. 13 

-  9  22  31 

1  1.  10      -0  10 

58.  12 

721.-1 
7J77 

i:i.i87 
85. 400 

30.0 
34.0 

35.  0 
37.4 

.'.7  n:   14.41 
40  40  31.  50 

1    0  03.  42 

-0.  51       (  0.  10 

48  ,59  50. 04 

REPORT  OF  TCi!J  ODIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


Observations  for  Latitude, — Station  No.  2 — Coutiuuud. 


107 


B.  A.C. 

Ko. 

Ri-'niliiitjs. 

Dccllimtion 

Curreclioim. 

Llititudo. 

Keiiinrks. 

Micro  ni. 

Level. 

Mcrid. 

Mlcrom. 

Level. 

Hefrao. 

Roil,  to 
meiid. 

N, 

s. 

(list. 

mo 

20.  tn.-i 
i.'i'jj: 

;i7.  .■■. 

3U.5 

34.2 
35.0 

m.«. 

0    /      11 
38  00  11.70 
59  44  4d.  52 

+  a  55.  80 

+  0.94 

+  0.05 

^^ 

0     »       II 
43  59  57.01 

Juno  15. 

54ir> 
54ua 

s«.  .12:1 

13,  OJJ 

29.0 
28.3 

27.9 

28.4 

5a  16  10.  OS 
40  00  4U.  UO 

-  8  31.  fi7 

-0. 22 

-0. 15 

57.34 

Juno  17. 

.1503 

8.  r>ii:i 

23.1 
21.  I 

28.0 
32. 2 

55  29  30. 40 
42  09  43.08 

■1  10  11.  C2 

-1.78 

+0.  18 

D4.70 

Kcjixtoil. 

!>54.'. 

50,'ia 

n.  nil 
;ii.acj 

ifi.211 

■Jl.  177 

2.-1. 0 
2-'.U 

:io.o 

20.  5 

31.3 
23.4 

27.1 
31.0 

6'io 

60  02  33  04 
28  35  25.  Oa 

42  27  .10.  00 
55  37  O.'i.  to 

+  11  02.  10 
-  3  01. 09 

-1.29 
-  0.  30 

4  0. 20 
-O.l'l 

+  0.04 

60.00 
50.41 

Ui'ji'Ctt'iliiHiloub*- 
lul  un  luconl. 

,w.i:i 

'J7.-I0 
15.  IJJ 

20.  2 
27.0 

31'.  2 

31  51  43.10 
(l.-|  62  13. 38 

+  0  29.01 

-0.51 

|0,  11 

57.53 

Mil 

11.181 

23.7 
20.  7 

30.1 
20.  8 



41)  40  3J.  C4 
4,S  21  5H.  47 

-  5.12.20 

-0.33 

-0.  v'.i 



53.83 

G047 
tiOlJ 

27.(171 
ll.:)7;! 

:io.  1 
30.4 

30.1 
30.2 

72  12  32.00 
20  01  12.3'J 

-  8  2.1.  72 

+0.  04 

-0,15 

.10.  30 

IllH 

(iin 

27.  u:. 

20.7 
31.0 

31.  4 

30.0 

70  .'.3  31.03 
20  47  40. 58 

t-  0  50.  (.0 

-II.  10 

i  0.  1 1 

.17.08 

C3IW 

Ili.41» 
2,-i.  UM 

40  0 
21.  G 

21.  5 
40.0 

30  20  ll.Cfi 
f,8  43  32.41 

-  4  50. 13 

^  0.  02 

-0.  t<n 

r.7.  35 

o;tiH 
G:i(i,'i 

12. 1711 
•.8.  i:J.S 

27  3 
31.8 

33. 0 

.10  27  411.21 
38  1 1  53.  05 

+  e  3' ..to 

-(0.22 

^  0.  15 

57.  34 

ciai 

U17li 

20.  5S0 

•M.  ej.-. 

31.3 
31.4 

31.0 
31.0 

40  17  21.71 
48  4!  ill.  34 

1   0  iii.;l 

■(  0.  Ill 

-i-0.  01 

.10.  10 

B5,'i;i 

17. 2:12 
21.  U4:l 

3  1.  .'■. 
33.2 

32.  4 
20. 0 

34  17  112.  7.'i 
65  45  IT  12 

-    1  .18.25 

+0. 38 

-0.03 

,17.  10 

(iUtil 

21.  770 
1;  1.700 

31.0 
32. 3 

31.  5 
30.0 

40  0;          111 
57  4ti  '  ^   1 

i    3  08.02 

i0.40 

1    10.05 

58. 27 

li7iS 

17.7.->:t 

2;i.  :i;)2 

31.5 
33.0 

31.0 
20.  5 

'6":w' 

43  2.-.  12. .. 
54  40  2.7.11  1 

-  2  53.  10 

■1  n.  - 1    -0.0'. 

lO.  14 

.10.50 

UHi; 

IH.  MH 
10.311 

20.0 
3.1.2 

33. 2 
20. 0 



.17  42  40.  18 
40  lU  2.'.  47 

+  0  22. 12 

U.OU  1    fO.Ol 



4^  ..J  50.00 

i 

Mi'iin  Lllilu  In  (00  iluturuiiuatluuH),  48^  59'  57". 20. 

.    =  ±  O'Mii 

r    _  I    0".4J 

e„  =  1  0".08 

T„  =  1    0".05 


fn 


i 


1878. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTDERN  BOUNDAKY. 

Observations  for  Latitude. 

[Aatronomicnl  Station  No.  3.~Kafli  side  of  Pembina  ^lonntnln,  3r>  milt  8  west  of  rembiiia.— Observer,  J.  F.  Ore;:ory,  Lieu- 
tenaut  United  States  EDgincerB.>-Zeiiilb  Xelfafopi',  AViiuleuiaun  No.  II.— Cliiunumettr,  isegua  Sidereal  Ko.  H^i.j 


B.  A.C. 

Kg. 

Iteailinca. 

1 
Doclinatlun. 

(.'iirrt'ctiimfi. 

Latitude. 

KcniarKs, 

Microm. 

Level. 

aleiid 
diat. 

Microm. 
-  4  30.  07 

Level. 
-   1.40 

Ilefrae, 

l!ed.  to 
uierld. 

N. 

S. 

."ioao 
'■jom 

21. 7fifl 
14.4:7 

42.3 

28.2 

30  0 
4,'.0 

T 

ti.». 

3-  44  30. 73 
59  24  45.  -,0 

-0,03 

v 


O      >        n 

48  59  0(1.  10 

•Tune  1,5, 

r,Q7i 

U13 

10.031 
21.010 

40.7 
41.0 

3,1.0 
33.7 

42  4,*  29. 02 
55  00  34. 22 

+  2  31.  S9 

+  1.30 

+0.04 

04.91 

8415 
S4U0 

ll.OOD 
BJ.  OcO 

3?.  8 
30.  5 

3.5. 9 
44.2 

58  10  10.44 
40  00  40.41 

-  fl  20.  48 

-  3.35 

-0. 13 

64.87 

55aj 

20.  P.-O 
10. 25j 

37.0 
42.0 

37  7 
32.  4 

55  29  38. 93 
42  09  43.  40 

+10  10.  02 

4  3.01 

4-0.17 

61.00 

2.-..  712 
7.K1 

.'lO.O 
12.0 

24.8 
.59.  (1 

09  02  33.  ,38 
28  35  24.01 

+11  0-3.88 

—  (!.  70 

+0.21 

5.5.32 

50!)  1 
5623 

13.  4.-10 
24.  130 

41.2 
4.'.C 

34.  0 
3,-).  2 

31  54  4-3.72 
05  52  12  78 

+  6  36. 82 

+  4.34 

-1-0. 12 

09.03 

.V53 
fiUll 

14.  .191] 
23.  620 

37.0 
31.7 

41.1 
40.0 

49  49  38. 04 
48  21  .57.  87 

-  5  42.  72 

-  5  811 

-0.19 

.59. 25 

OCtH 
C0«) 

24. 101 

10.  5111 

43.0 

24.2 

37.0 

5l>.  0 

39  20  14  09 

,58  43  31,  81 

-  4  39.  03 

-  8.  !..< 

-0.08 

05. 06 

r,:iif> 

B4SI 

20.  O.-a 
11.  too 

10.  0.',fl 
IS.crt 

48.0 
21.8 

35.  0 
31.0 

32.  3 
59.2 

45.8 
50.7 

!)0  27  43.  !)8 
38  14  .53. 39 

49  17  21.  09 
48  41  5.5.72 

+  8  4,5.  80 
H-0  28.83 

-  0.73 

—  9.27 

H-0.  14 
-i-0.  01 

,5.-75 
57.  97 

()M(i 

20.  536 
17.0110 

37.  5 
:i5.  4 

44.0 
47.3 

32  18  02  23 
05  45  4ii.  78 

-  1  4.5.  ,52 

—  ,5  8!l 

-0.(13 

06 

(1123 
(i-4tl 

ii.  HO 
U.  041) 

47.  5 
28.0 

35.  7 
5.5.2 

41  25  11.78 
54  40  24.  39 

-  2  34. 97 

-4.77 

—0. 04 

08.  ,10 

r)7fo 

ti8i; 

19.  424 

le.  732 

53.  5 
31.5 

30.0 
52.  (J 

57  ti  39.  57 
40  10  2,8.  91 

-1-  0  2,5,  71 

1    0.93 

+0.01 



00.  89 

7024 
7073 

21.  5.-0 
15.  4J8 

43.3 

27.0 

42. 2 

S,-".  0 

fit  51  02.41 
3<l  01  44.43 

+  3  47. 50 

-  9.58 

+0. 06 

01,40 

4804 

24.  .'."O 
12  9i-i 

41.0 
27.0 

33.2 

4,5.  8 

60  24  ;..'..  15 
47  20  43.1'i 

+  7  13.41 

-  3.  10 

-l-O.  12 

59,  13 

Jiiito  10 

4am 

4'.)I8 

23.211 
15.  1 1 1 

30. 0 
4(1.  0 

41.0 
30.  0 

3820  to.  30 
.59  4S  4,5.  ,59 

-  4  23.80 

-  0.  1-3 

-0.08 

r.::.  m 

49117 
4974 

12  7H7 
27.  41.0 

sn.o 

4S.3 

41.4 
23.  0 

50  08  ,51. 99 
48  09  04.  43 

-  9  0.5.  40 

^-  2.  45 

-0.  15 

.'.8.  01 

502(1 
5097 

2-J.  7r2 
13.  54.'i 

33.8 
27.0 

30.  1 
43.  5 

33  44  30.  73 
59  21  4.5.  U9 

-  4  28.  fV 

-  ,5.83 

-0. 08 

Cm,  ,50 

5271 
5313 

17.015 
21.  9.19 

4.1.  5 
l.'.O 

21.0 
57.  2 

42  48  29.28 
.55  00  31.  47 

+  2  41.77 

-  7.  10 

-10.05 

00.  .5.1 

5415 

5400 

12  li'  1 
25.911 

20.0 
28.  0 

44.0 
42.3 

51  10  10.72 
40  00  40. 04 

-  8  18.88 

-10,01 

-0.  14 

59, 05 

5.'i(12 
55j;i 

2»'.  01 1 
11.  IJ-J 

1.5.2 
47.0 

54.7 
83.7 

.55  29  30. 20 
4i  09  41.93 

H  10  so.  40 

-  4.  ,53 

-)0.  18 

48  59  04,  1 1 

10« 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  A8TUONOMEU. 

Observations  for  Littitude. — Station  No.  3 — Continued. 


100 


B.  A.  C. 

No. 

I'.oailinga. 

Declination. 

Corrections. 

Littituile. 

0    /       ti 
48  39  53.  0:1 

Koniftikii. 

Microm. 

Level. 

Jlcrld. 
(list. 

Microm. 

Level, 

Kefnic. 
+0.  21 

Kfil.  to 
meriil. 

X. 

S. 

S6'.M 

27.  4411 
9.471 

22.0 
30.0 

48.3 
41.0 

m.5. 

0     /     " 
on  02  33. 04 

28  35  24.  82 

*      n 

+11  07.75 

-11.  ,50 

" 

fnnn  10. 

Mi3 

1.-..273 
20.4U9 

3:1.1 
10.7 

S-i.  3 
01.0 

31  54  42.  95 
65  .52  13. 07 

+  6  53.  80 

-17.21 

+0. 1:1 

«4.  73 

SSS) 
S911 

15  7^1 
24.078 

21.0 
25.0 

51.  0 
47.0 

49  49  30.  57 
48  21  08. 10 

-  5  32.  :15 

-15.75 

-0.  09 

39.  17 

8157 

80.  0^'8 

u.'xn 

28.3 
47,0 

41.4 

20.0 

70  53  34. 32 
20  47  40. 34 

+  6  54.54 

+  L.52 

+0.15 

03.51 

Cv!(iS 

2:1.  !-;io 

15.  077 

41. n 

41.  U 

:i2. 8 
:ii  3 

39  80  14.30 
58  43  3i  12 

-  4  53.  no 

+  5.24 

-0.09 

66.39 

n3i8 
u:ius 

20.  .'.OS 

12.  ;.2(i 

•11  0 
33.3 

33.2 

39.8 

59  27  45.  89 
38  14  53.  BO 

+  8  41.73 

+  0.71 

+0.  15 

B3.:i7 

firiM 

G58li 

21.!II2 

18.8111 

28.2 
44.5 

41.5 
24.  0 

32  IS  Oa  49 
05  45  47.  10 

-  1  53.  :)C 

+  2.05 

-0.04 

03.  44 

002 1 
tiliBI 

IP.  180 
2:t.  278 

44.2 
44.0 

24.  n 

2.7. 0 

4  '  07  29.  07 
57  40  07.  87 

+  3  09. 19 

+11.97 

+0.03 

09.93 

6728 
0748 

22.017 
18.4.-.1 

4.-..  5 
23.2 

4]'.  .5 

43  25  12.00 
54  40  24. 08 

-  2  4,-.  93 

4  0.78 

-0.03 

03.  17 

6780 
0817 

SO.  COO 
10.  800 

34.  0 
31.2 

30.  5 
30.1 

57  42  39.  67 
40  10  29. 18 

+  0  30,00 

-   1.05 

40. 01 

0:1.  55 

0n37 
V!I7U 

2:1.027 
10.  400 

27.0 
42.0 

40.4 
20.  0 

30  27  51.73 
Gl  41  20.05 

-  4  :io.  10 

-f  0.99 

-0.09 

c:i.  99 

7024 
707a 

22  71^9 
10.  919 

3,7.  5 
31.7 

:i2. 0 

•10. 7 

01  51  02.  :0 
:ili  111  41.71 

+  3  3s.  10 

-  0.47 

40. 00 

oi.:i9 

7100 
71110 

27. 171 
12.310 

4,=.  6 
18.  5 

19.  n 

49.0 

42  45  2.-..  13 
55  3;i  11.  42 

-  9  11,94 

0.28 

-0.  10 

07.  ;;9 

7215 

7277 

21.742 

14.841) 

20.1 
43.2 

41.fi 

2,->.  0 

.".7  07  14.08 
40  40  3:1.  70 

+  0  07.  ,-,7 

i-  0.  84 

+0.  10 

02.73 

5271 

5:u;) 

2:).  100 
19. 00 

2.-..0 
34.0 

40.8 
38.5 

42  43  29.  57 
55  00  31.73 

+  2  34.45 

■-  8.15 

40.  04 

58.49 

.June  17. 

5413 
5400 

27. 0J8 
13.971 

31.0 
38.7 

:i8.7 
34.2 

53  10  11.00 
4  1  00  40.90 

-  S  28. 17 

-  0.  15 

-0.  15 

10.  48 

5543 
5024 

10. 277 
28. 2,vl 

45.0 

211.  8 

27.0 
52.0 

.        . . 

09  02  33. 03 
23  ;15  2.5.  00 

+11  07.90 

-  4.09 

+0.21 

03.  51 

509;l 
5S2J 

25.271 
14.  522 

15.  5 

a;i.5 

57.  fl 
21.7 

31  51  4:1.19 
05  ,52  13.38 

+  0  39. 38 

-  .5,  15 

+0.  12 

02. 0:1 

5S5S 
5011 

24.  .501 
15. 370 

34. 0 

2u.  8 

41.3 
49.  0 

49  49  3=  04 
48  21  51. 47 

-  5  :l9.  04 

-  9.  15 

-0.09 

Oil.  27 

0114 
0157 

13.  512 
21.019 

41.0 
40.9 

31.  1 
31.7 



70  58  31.03 
20  47  40.  5-1 

1  +  0  52.03 

+  4.00 

+0.  15 

«1,  49 

f.208 
1)280 

l.-.C.-iO 
2:1. 600 

31.8 
51.1 

31.0 
21.5 

1 

:t9  20  14.00 
38  41  32.  44 

1  -  4  5.').  01 

1-  9.  42 

-0. 09 

07. 27 

0421 
0470 

19.039 
21).4JI 

31.0 

18.0 

42,0 

.  c.  9 

'C'.'..'.'. 

49  17  21.72 
48  41  50.  :i:l 

+  0  19. :)' 

+  3.  0:1 

0.00 

01. 04 

S020 
60117 

10.110 
23.478 

27.  5 
30.0 

33.  5 
31.5 

\ 

1 

33  41  31.18 
,59  21  4li.r)0 

-  4  3:).  70 

-  9.;i:i 

-0.03 

02.07 

Juno  18. 

5271 
5:113 

21.  .101 
17.411 

32.8 
22.0 

2-'.  8 
:18.  8 

42  48  29.  hi 
55  OB  ;).->.  02 

+  2  :m.  19 

-  3.97 

4-0,  04 

02.71 

5415 
94(iU 

20. 820 

1:).  ;)U7 

41.4 

09.  5 

11.8 
51.8 

58  10  11.29 
40  00  47.17 

-  8  8408 

-  ;i.04 

-0.13 

43  59  03.90 

ft 


r 


iL 


.n\ 


! 


110         UNITED  STATES  NORTDEKN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Observations  for  LatHiidc,— Station  Xo.  3 — Contimict]. 


B.  A.  C. 

^0. 

Kond 

nigs. 

Microni. 

Lovol. 

Mtrid. 
diat. 

N 

S. 

snoa 
sosu 

n.C42 
Sa471 

89. 0 
24.8 

32.9 
30.0 

m 

a. 

10.  381 
28.305 

31.7 
21.0 

2'1.9 

3,>^.S 

rifi4i 

MM 

17. 174 

Sl.tUU 

29.8 
20.0 

30.1 
40.7 

... 

r>c9:i 

a,').  007 

14.  :)37 

24,3 

28.5 

3.-.  7 
32. 0 

5?D3 

Mil 

S4. 095 

14.8c8 

82.3 
29.0 

39.3 
32.2 

Iilt4 
U1D7 

13.523 
24.  578 

30.0 
19.0 

31.7 
4J.4 

C3iy 

I.').  053 
23. 287 

29.0 
20.8 

3.J.2 
40.7 

C318 
(J3('i.'i 

13.031 
27. 387 

40.5 
11.1 

22. 7 
52.8 

64-:!  1 
6470 

19.815 
20.705 

43.6 

20.4 

21.3 
37.7 

GKi3 

I.?.  022 
21.030 

30.4 
32.2 

33.8 
32. 1 

(Mi 

COS  I 

2-i  428 
10. 991 

39.2 
11.5 

80.1 
50.7 

fi7-!H 
CT4d 

17.0911 
21. 397 

39.0 
17.3 

20.9 
4A3 

::: 

c-eo 

0817 

19.  SfT 
20. 540 

33.0 
18.4 

.32.0 
4i7 

eu.i7 
erto 

10. 043 
S3.5e0 

24.5 
40.8 

43.0 

20.5 

7024 

17.311 

2,1.  Oo7 

33.8 
39.0 

3,3.0 

28.7 

7100 
'AM 

11.517 

20. 437 

33.7 
40.0 

3.3. 9 
20.8 

4897 
4UHJ 

14. 840 

21.690 

30.  0 
2.-^.C 

32.4 
40.8 

SOSO 
0097 

14.241 

21.070 

2.-).0 
31.8 

44.3 
37  7 

.1371 
W13 

20.579 
10.  4.13 

33,  0 
88.7 

30.0 
49. 5 

or.02 

5523 

9.573 
20.  477 

35.3 
19.2 

33.0 
49.3 

.... 

5.-45 
51124 

8.  079 
20. 009 

43.5 
10.  U 

a.->.5 

52.5 

.... 

r,C44 
5058 

IS.O.W 
SO.  472 

39.8 
10.8 

29.0 
49.1 

r)C!)3 
5623 

23.  419 
12.600 

25.  7 
31.5 

13.8 
3D.  3 

... 

5Pri3 
5911 

23. 078 
13. 938 

32.1 

24.8 

39.2 
4J.0 

0114 
0157 

12.434 
23.801 

50,0 
14.0 

21.  1 
57.0 

Declination. 


05  29  ,39. 79 
42  09  45. 43 

09  02  34. 25 

28  35  25. 31 

42  27  .10. 29 
0,-  38  05.  81 

31  54  43.  40 

0  j  52  13.  72 

49  49  37.19 
4S  21  58.  79 

70  .19  31.97 
20  47  40.65 

39  20  14.07 

58  43  32.79 

.19  27  4&  50 

38  14  54.20 

49  17  22.05 

48  41  50.00 

32  18  03.04 
05  45  47.70 

40  07  no.  27 
.17  40  09.51 

43  25  12,00 
51  40  25.3.' 

57  42  40.  .10 
40  10  29.77 

30  27  ,11. 32 

01  41  27.20 

01  51  03.30 

30  01  45.29 

42  45  2.1. 09 
55  33  15.05 

39  21  10.93 
09  48  40.25 

38  44  31.41 

59  84  40. 77 

43  49  30. 19 
55  00  3.5. 32 

55  29  40. 10 
42  09  45. 77 

09  03  34. 57 
Sa  35  25. 57 

42  27  50.  09 
05  33  UO.  14 

31  51  43.74 
05  53  14.  0(J 

49  49  37.  52 
48  81  59,  12 

70  58  3.5.  31 

29  47  41.13 


Currectiona. 


Uicrom. 

+10  25. 89 
+11  0.1.97 

-  a  51.  S8 
+  G  39. 07 

-  5  42. 09 
+  7  01.90 

-  4  43. 04 
+  8  53.  40 
+  0  33. 07 

-  1  51.99 
-'■  3  22.01 

-  2  39. 60 
+  0  3,1.  f  3 

-  4  40.  04 
+  3  34.01 

-  9  10.21 

-  4  21. 72 

-  4  32. 31 
+  a  34. 03 
+10  98. 07 
+11  08.40 

-  2  47.03 
+  0  34. 33 

-  5  39. 00 
H-  7  02.31 


Level. 


-  4.99 

-  4.77 

-  C.2:i 

-  4.91 

-  .1.  95 

-  7.00 

-  8.40 

-  7.41 
+  3.10 

-  1.02 

-  7.47 

-  .I.O- 

-  9.27 
+  S.51 
+  .3. 20 
+  4.25 

-  2.49 

-  7.81 

-  4.69 

-  a59 

-  5.74 

-  .\74 

-  7.84 

-  8.  40 

-  4.50 


Refrac, 


+0.19 
+0.81 
-0.05 
+0.12 
—0.09 
+0.15 
-0.03 
+0. 10 
+0.01 
-0.04 
+0.00 
-0.  04 
+0.01 
-0.09 
+9.00 
-0.17 
-0.08 
-0.08 
+0.04 
+4).  19 
+0.81 
-0.05 
+0. 12 
-0.09 
0.  15 


lied,  to 
merid. 


Latitude. 


Ilomarlia. 


48  59  03.  11 

CI.  20 
02.99 
G2.S7 
,19. 80 
02. 30 
01.70 
CO.  50 
O:.  13 

02.  35 

03.  99 
03.17 
01.50 
02. 21 
02.22 
08. 24 
04. 3. > 
5a69 
02. 24 
02.01 
03.  Oil 
07. 8!! 
53.51 
00.17 

49  .19  00.  15 


Juno  18. 


June  19. 


REPORT  OF  TDE   CUIEF  ASTROXOMER.  m 

Observations  for  Latitude— Stallon  Ko.  3— Coiitinnccl. 


B.A,C. 
No. 

Koadlnga. 

DecUnntion. 

Corrections. 

Latltado. 

Komarka. 

Level. 

Merirt. 
diet. 

Mlcrom. 

Level. 

n 

-  9.52 

-  8.71 

-  a7i 

-11.  e4 

Hefrac. 

Keil.  to 

IIKTUl. 

K. 

S. 

6SC8 

6316 
6305 

6421 
6176 

Cite 

14.6fi.1 
82.313 

n.  Ki 

24.200 

1!>.270 
20. 003 

17.208 
20. 05-.' 

25.0 
31.4 

30.0 
21.5 

33.7 
24.0 

26.0 
27.0 

46. :, 
40.0 

S.-i.  0 
50.0 

3?.0 
47.  H 

4r>.  n 

V,.  3 

tn.«. 

O       /        // 

.30  SO  1.').  2!) 
58  43  33. 15 

.'>n  27  40. !« 
38  14  54.  ,'i3 

40  17  23. 40 
48  41  57.01 

32  IH  03.35 
05  45  ii.  12 

-  4  44.24 

+  8  49.  53 
+  0  29.24 

-  1  4.'i.07 

-0.08 

+0.  in 

+0.01 
-0.  01 

0      /       // 
48  69  00.  38 

61.73 

00.25 
48  .'.0  58.  19 

Judo  19. 

Mean  iHtitndc  (74  detcmilu«tlon»),  49t>  00'  02".50. 

t  -  ±  3".104 
To—  ±  0".243 


!'    i 
i 


II 


187a. 

(JNITEI)  STATES  XOllTIJERN  BODNDAItY. 

Observations  for  Latitude. 

[AHtronomical  station  No.  4.  went  sido  of  Prmbiim  MDuntniii,  47  mllrii  west  of  Pomhinn.—OIwprver,  Low's  BoflB.— Zenith 
TeluHc^pe,  Wilrdeniaiin  Ho.  iiO.— Lliiuuuniotor,  ije^iiH  Sidercut  No.  1013.] 


KondiDgs. 


U.  A.C. 
No. 


5«t 
S313 


5415 
54«0 


550-J 


554.") 
SHU 


5(193 


68153 
5911 


fi047 
ti073 


fill4 
0157 


C2f.8 
C289 


84S1 
6476 


6333 


can 
mil 


67S8 
6748 


6780 
6617 


4937 
4974 


5097 


5371 
5313 


5415 
5460 


5502 
55M 


5545 
5634 


Microni 


aO.  683 
16. 170 


SO.  781 
10. 031 


P.  951 

28. 538 


8.756 
27.719 


85.  658 
13.  339 


24.  .^91 
13. 059 


27.418 
10.901 


II.  .'04 
24.  S4tl 


li  207 
23. 118 


18.816 
19. 160 


16.  lOO 
20.213 


91.130 
15.2e6 


16.  333 
23.091 


19. 047 
19.585 


27. 704 
a.  916 


LI.  0i8 
24.  .333 


21.!5ri3 
17.118 


87. 081 
10. 347 


0.213 
28.  834 


8.800 
29.707 


LoTol. 


37.0 
33.8 


87.9 
86.7 


20.5 

28.3 


27.0 
23.0 


86.8 
25.6 


30.0 
10. 0 


28.0 
21.3 


20.8 
21.7 


26.  B 
89.1 


28.2 
23.4 


27.1 

25.8 


84.0 

28.8 


93.4 
29.3 


29.0 
83.3 


28.0 
24.8 


27.0 
31.0 


30.0 
88.0 


31.2 
27.3 


33.6 
26.0 


28.  2 
31.9 


26.4 

27.3 


27.7 
2C.  3 


36.8 
31.3 


39. 2 

3X8 


2:1.  5 
33.0 


37.3 
34.3 


89.0 
33.5 


28.2 
25.6 


26.7 
39  3 


38.0 
30.0 


31.4 
27.4 


33.3 
20.7 


27.0 
33.3 


27.8 
33.1 


30.5 
27.3 


29.3 
31.1 


89.2 
3-3.2 


39.3 
33.3 


38.2 
35.8 


Merid 
diBt. 


Declinntion 


43  48  31.  47 
55  OG  36. 64 


68  10  13.  SO 
40  00  49.  00 


:•:,  29  41.77 
43  09  40.  13 


69  02  36.  S8 
38  33  30. 99 


31  54  45.  30 
03  53  l.>.  U'l 


49  49  il.  17 
48  23  01.01 


73  13  34.74 
26  04  M.  .'lO 


76  59  37.41 
80  47  43.53 


39  20  17. 23 

58  43  35.38 


49  17  24.  50 
48  41  .%  12 


33  17  65.82 
65  43  SO.  33 


40  07  33.  01 
57  40  11.10 


43  25  15.  07 
54  40  27. 83 


57  43  43.  O.'i 
49  10  33. 13 


50  01  0(1.  84 
48  09  04. 85 


38  41  33  91 
59  34  48.89 


42  48  31.  70 
55  00  37.  U3 


58  16  i;i41 
40  00  49. 39 


.55  29  43. 00 
43  09  46. 33 


69  02  3(i.  .53 
28  35  27. 17 


Corroctions. 


Lc'vil. 


+  2  20.  ('3 

-  8  39.71 
-110  08.36 
-t-10  50.  43 
+  01:3.33 

-  5  .'.7.81 

-  8  30.  (;3 
+  0  44.  73 

-  5  0,5. ' 
+  0  10.  67 

-  2  04.79 
+  3  01.01 

-  2  58. 66 
+  0  1(1.(19 

-  9  09. 99 

-  4  48.  77 
+  8  17. 59 

-  8  39.21 
+  10  08,48 
+10  .50.  5J 


-3.  30 
+0.  04 
+0. 18 
-1.45 
-0.80 
-1.93 

-3. 26 
*  0. 43 
-0.  5 ) 
-1.14 
-1.47 
-1.83 
-2. 03 
-1.61 
+0.07 
-0. 53 
-0,03 
-0,89 
-1,07 


+0.04 
-0.15 
+0.18 
+0.31 

-\  a.  13 
-0. 10 
-0.10 

+0.14 
-0.09 

0.00 
-0  04 
+11. 05 
-0.03 

0.00 
-0.10 
-0.08 
+0.04 
-0. 15 
4  0.18 

0,81 


l!e,l.  to 
I  meiid. 


i"^ 


Latitude. 


48  59  SI.  02 
51.88 
,52,07 
.50.82 
.53. 17 
51.30 

SI.  10 

SI.  56 
50.94 
51.95 

51.  eo 

51.43 
50.90 
,58, 95 
51,09 
51.83 
51.  46 
51. 31 
,51.04 
48  ,59  SI,  34 


Bemark)*. 


.IiiDi'  ii. 


119 


REPORT  OF  TOE  (^niEF  ARTHOXOMER. 


113 


Obserrnt ions  for  L'.itituilc. — Station  Xo.  4 — Coiitiiiu<>il. 


B.  A.  U 

No. 

Iloadln);ii. 

Dcclinutluii 

('iicnctioim. 

I.ntlliiilo. 

UciiinrkH. 

MIcroni. 

I^vel. 

Merit! 
diat. 

Miciom. 

I.1V.I, 
4  0.  44 

U'lfl  lie. 

// 
-0.05 

Kill.  Ill 
lut-tlil. 

N. 

R. 

15. 430 
Ul.  04(1 

20.7 
33.  7 

32.  C 

88.8 

nt. «. 

0    /      " 
43  87  .58.  47 
,53  38  08.  47 

-  3  13.99 

0    /      /' 
48  .59  ,5(1.  87 

Juno  20. 

Dtffil 

S5.  :;oo 

1X030 

'37.8 
30.2 

35. 0 
87.3 

31  54  45.  4(1 
03  ,52  10.25 

+  0  80.  83 

H  0.38 

1  0.  13 

,52.  19 

51I11 

•a.  4.-18 

13.000 

33.1 

38.1 

31.3 

3.-1. 0 

49  40  41.43 
48  88  01.87 

-  ,5  58.43 

-1.40 

-0.10 

51.  ,13 

(1047 

Goi;i 

S7.C74 

11.1(10 

2(1. 0 
24.1 

8(1.4 
28. 8 

73  13  35.  03 
20  04  14.78 

-  8  38.  30 

-i.r.o 

-0.  10 

ri.ifl 

mi4 

0157 

la.  0(15 
as.  Oil 

2.5.  0 
85.0 

27.0 
87.0 

70  .58  3V.  (10 
20  47  43.  73 

t  «  43.  54 

-1.03 

tO.  14 

,52.  85 

0208 
0-JbU 

14.331 
84.150 

22.0 

aii.  4 

30.8 
23.  8 

30  20  17.  .50 
58  43  35.  .58 

-  5  04.  04 

-0.:!8 

-0.  r,o 

51. 13 

o:i().) 

13.373 

38.711 

2.-1.  4 
23.0 

27.4 
20. 1 

50  87  40.  38 
38  14  ,5(1.  80 

+  8  .■;o.  03 

-1.(17 

•10.  13 

31.00 

04:o 

18.  i.'ia 

18.  401 

27.0 

aa.  5 

20.5 
30. 9 

49  17  24.70 
48  41  ,50.40 

+  0  10.  .58 

-  1.76 

0.00 

.50.  a5 

o-.fiii 

1(1.  714 
SO.  743 

24.0 
2.5.3 

20. 0 
28.0 

32  18  O.-i.  40 
05  45  50.  m 

-  a  0.5.  01 

-1.73 

-0.04 

31.31 

(ifi4 
tlUfl 

28.  (i(15 
10.  830 

27.7 
21.  1 

25.  4 
33.  2 

40  07  33. 00 
,57  40  11.43 

+  3  01.30 

-1.90 

■\  0. 03 

01.  .59 

f.7-J8 
B74S 

16.173 
81.940 

21.0 
2!).  0 

32.8 
34.7 

43  25  1.5. 117 
.54  40  28.  17 

-  2  .58.  07 

-1.07 

-0.04 

51.09 

r.7H0 
Cfl7 

18.3.55 
18.653 

27.  1 

2(1.7 
31.3 

57  43  43.  37 
40  IC  32.  43 

+  0  1.5.  43 

-1.87 

0.00 

51.48 

dO.-l- 
(i!170 

13.  007 

33.  303 

87.0 
34.  0 

27.8 
31.1 

30  27  54.  83 
Ul  41  "0.  09 

-  4  4J.71 

-1.7(1 

-0.08 

.'1.91 

7054 
7073 

14.  8,53 

at.  53;i 

31.4 
10.  0 

23.3 
3.5.  4 

01  51  0(1.  10 
3(1.01  V,.'b 

+  3  80.  8(1 

-■1.7a 

+  0.0(1 

,52. 13 

7100 
7l(j(i 

10.  i;04 

38.  434 

25.  4 
2.5.  8 

20.3 

ao.  0 

42  45  i.0.41 
55  33  17.  to 

-  0  28.  73 

-1  78 

-0.10 

,51.  44 

7-2ir, 

7277 

14  0.-.7 
35.  000 

30.  1 
20.8 

85.  4 
35.  5 

.57  07  18,03 
40  40  311.  (13 

+  5  58. 03 

-2.23 

+0.10 

.53.  22 

Ki'lcctcil 

7n-M 
7-yr.  a:!!),-) 

21.  313 
15.  773 

20.0 
21.  3 

2(1. 2 
3.5.  0 



38  00  1.5.01 
,50  44  51.93 

+  a  51.,  :l 

-3.  23 

+  0.03 

.53.111 

lil'.joctl'fl. 

7377 

7398 

10. 130 
10.3-,0 

21.  5 

37.2 

31.0 
20. 4 



.50  87  41.  79 
38  51  38.  !;9 

-  9  40.  43 

-2.14 

-0.  17 

51.00 

741(1 
74.-13 

24.070 
14.473 

34.  5 
87.8 

32.  4 
20.  a 

03  03  40.  .55 
30  07  Oa.  90 

-  4  58.  08 

-3.07 

-0. 00 

51., 58 

74l'0 

74fil 

17.  000 
10.  3.53 

31.8 
20.  3 

2,-i.  0 
3(1.  4 

45  58  43.  39 
.58  03  30.  37 

-   1  10.21 

-2.  07 

-0.03 

,52.  ,53 

7.10.-1 
7(105 

17.  300 

3(i.  7 
24. 0 

29.8 
33.0 

37  .57  47.  80 
00  00  00. 90 

-  8  00.  04 

—  2. 27 

-0.  03 

31.51 

1 

7027 
7(i8li 

ai.cio 

l.\ri)li 

•X.  4 
8.1. 3 

30. 8 
31.3 

25  19  37.  34 
73  34  17. 95 

+  a  37.  20 

-2.  Ill 

■i  0,  CO 

53.  75 

77."iri 

77(15 

1(1.  174 
33. 047 

32.0 
20.8 

8.-1.  3 
36.9 

,58  47  0.5.  76 
,19.  01  38.  99 

+  3  51.87 

-2.23 

+0.  17 

,53.  C8 

4037 

4074 

28. 101 
10. 200 

30.0 
39.8 

2.5.7 
19.0 

.50  08  (10.93 
48  00  04. 90 

-  9  17.04 

H  ,5.00 

-0.10 

,50.  .53 

Juno  2'. 

iOO 
C'1.7 

18.  037 
28. 265 

31.0 
89.2 

87.2 
38.0 

,18  44  33.01 
.50  84  48.  43 

-  4  40.73 

+0.22 

-0.08 

48  ,59  51. 14 

jj  n- 


114  UNITKD  STATES  NOllTriliUN    BOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 

Ohscrvathm  for  Latitude, — Station  No,  4 — Continued. 


n.  A.  c. 

No. 


.Mi:) 


9415 
MIX) 


.'i.tOS 


,\-r.:i 

.'iUU 


noadinKH. 


W4- 


AIM  I 

01, -.7  I 


liiliH 
(Well 


.W7I 

.■i;ii;i  ! 


.'■415  I 

;.4iio 


!Ui'J4 


.■ir.44 

.iiisn 


Miorom. 


SI.  098 

17.  an 


87.  7ca 

II.UIO 


n.4oi 
an.  009 


8.1.  rri8 
la.  m 


so.  MS 


18.  071 
8.'i.  001 


14.417 
84. 8.11 


80.004 
10  UUO 


87.413 

III.  04l^ 


i>.  I.'i2 
8?.  718 


■      0.  ICC 

i   311.  o;o 


I.«Tel. 

N.    I    8. 


I.'>.  cso 
88.118 


r>0<l3 


!    8.'>.  *'7.'i 

;    i;i.  o.\'i 


5011 


0114  I 
0157 


080i<  i 
08)-9  ! 


6481 
0470 


(1047  I 

007:i  { 


0114 
0157 


0C6;l 
08M( 


0;)18 
0303 


0481 
0470 


6.-..'i3 
0J8J 


0084 
Oi>M 


Ii7f0 
Orl7 


97.0 
88.3 


8!)..'. 
87.0 


;is.i 

81.5 


31.0 
84.3 


34.0 
38.0 


80.0 

ao.  5 


8.'..  5 
38. 1 


30. 5 

87.8 


80. 0 

87.8 


87.0 
32.3 


S.'i.7 
34.0 


88.8 
3l>.  8 


a.'>.371 
13.  740 


(I.  til 
88.  385 


14.818 
84.  099 


19.  707 
19.  \)M 


87.  477 
10.  l!40 


18.883 

85.  088 


13.  303 
83.  807 


ll.OilO 
87.  988 


18.489 
18.  Vil 


10.  453 
80.  551 


28.  180 
Hi.  433 


18.  0:l9 
19.040 


30.0 
89.  0 


33.  .'i 

88.1 


89.0 
31.1 


31.3 
87.3 


a.'i.  4 

31).  4 


87.9  I 
89.7 


88.3 
88.4 


80. 3 
8!l.  5 


2.>.  5 

88.7 


98.7 
97.1 


85.0 

88.3 


88.3 
34.0 


80. 8 
33.  S 


83.4 
35.4 


88.  3 
30.4 


31.  3 
87.4 


30.9 
84.8 


80.3 
89.  0 


88.0 
30. 8 


31.3 
80. 3 


38. 0 
S'.  1 


80.9 
3!).  8 


89.  8 
30.8 


80.4 
30. 5 


Meriil. 
dlit. 


39.5    

87. 9 


87. 8 

::o.7 


80.3 
81.7 


84.3 
88.  3 


31.3 
83. 3 


30.3 
83. 9 


87.0 
81.0 


27,3  i. 
84.7    .. 


37.8 
80.  4 


'  8.5.0  ' 
87.0 


30.  5 
84.3 


94.  0  ' 

89.  8 


Correctlona. 


Decllnntion. 


48  48  31.93 
55  00  37.  84 


58  10  13.  C3 
40  CO  49.  47 


55  99  43. 83 
48  09  40.  54 


49  49  41.00 
48  m  01.  .58 


78  18  3.'..  39 
80  04  14.98 


70  58  37.  M 
80  47  48.91 


39  8fl  17.  70 
.'8  45  3.').  88 


48  48  38.  48 
55  00  37.  i;0 


.-,8  10  14.05 
41)  00  49.  no 


.55  89  48.  08 
48  09  40. 97 


19  08  37.89 
■M  35  87. 78 


48  97  .'9. 1 1 
55  37  r.;i.  iO 


31  .54  40.05 
05  53  17. 04 


49  49  48. 18 
48  88  08.  04 


70  :S  38.51 
80  47  43.  89 


39  80  18.87 
,58  43  30.  47 


49  17  8.5.60 
48  41  00.80 


78  18  3li.  10 
m  04  15.  li^l 


70  58  38.  81 
80  47  4  ).  49 


39  90  1 8.  .55 
58  43  30. 78 


.59  37  .50.  ,58 
58  14  67.  (-0 


49  17  a.".  90 
48  41  CO,  ,50 


39  18  08.49 
05  45  51.  iO 


40  07  34. 00 
.57  40  18.04 


,57  48  44.  CO 
40  10  33.  .54 


Micriiiu.   I  Lvvi'l, 

)    3  10. 77      -0. 11 

-  8  39.  77  ,  4  0. 58 


-0.,53 
-0.91 


(10  08.  39 

-  0  00. 01 

-  8  33.03  I  -0.09 
+  0  41.19  I  -0.C9 

-  5  0,5,13  I  -0.89 
I    8  10.15  !  +0.48 

-  8  40.18  '  -10.53 


-1  10  CC.  SO 
+  10  47.98 

-  3  1,1.  18 
(-  0  19.10 

-  0  00.  88 
1^  0  40. 19 

-  5  00.  58 
-f  0  07.  73 

-  8  30.  no 

+  0  38. 98 

-  5  07. 30 
+  8  2.5. 50 

(    0  07.20 


-0.18 
+  0.40 
+0,  80 
-0.08 
-0.99 
+0.83 
+0.00 


Kcfiuc. 

+  0.04 
-0.15 
+  0.18 
-0.10 
-0,10 
+0.14 
-0.09 
+  0. 03 
-0.  15 
+  0.  18 

+o.ai 

-0.00 
+  0.11 
-0.10 
+  0,  14 
-0,09 


lioil.  I<> 
I  morld. 


I    Latitude. 


Remftrks. 


I 


48  59  51. 9(f 
59.91 


I 


+  0.91  I 
+  0.03 


Juno  97. 


+  0.14        0.00 

I 
+  1.74      -0.16  ' 


f9.45 
+8.01 
+ 1.  40 

+  0.89 


I 
-  8  08.11      +0.49 

! 

I-  9  58.31  '  +0,30 
+   II  18.  44  I  .)  0. 83 


+0.  14 

-0.09 

+  0.15 

0,00 

-0.04 

I 
(0.03  j 

0.00 


98. 43 

50.58 

90.73 

51.  90 

51.  35 

51.64  I  .Iull0  89. 

59.  19 

51.  73 

51.00 

51.  73 

50.60 

50.91 

58. 06 

51.  30 

50.83 

51.87     .TlluoSO. 

58.  79 


.58. 29 
91.97 
.50.  81 
51.  ,54 
,58.03 
48  .59  51.  73 


«EPO]!T  OF  TlIK  CIIIHF  ASTRONOMKIJ. 
Ohncrvatiom  for  Latitude. — Station  No.  4 — CoiitiniU'd. 


115 


n.  A.c. 

Itcadlnffa, 

DecUnatlou. 

ClilTCOtlOUH. 

Latllnilc. 

lit  iiitirkn. 

Mici'oiii. 

Level. 

Mirld 
tllst. 

m.f. 

Ktlcrom. 

Lcvil. 

Uufrnc. 

II 
-0.0^ 

Ili'd.  tci 
luerUI. 

N. 

8. 

6937 
6070 

14. 052 

24. 070 

«4.8 

31.2 

30.7 

s:i.7 

O       1          II 

30  87  55.  no 
01  41  31.31 

(       II 
-  4  52.  40 

1  0.  2-3 

" 

O       1          (* 

48  ,50  51. 35 

Juliu  30. 

7094 
707;) 

15.  ni'4 
iS.514 

30.4 
25.  1 

24.  0 
30.  1 

01  51  07.  X\ 
3li  01  4S.  e3 

+  3  88.  01 

+  0.18 

+  0.00 

.50.  03 

7100 
71(J0 

11.775 

3.1.  aoa 

27.0 
20.0 

2-.  2 
2ci.  2 

42  45  27.  5:l 
.55  33  U.  07 

1 
-  0  31.74     +0.30 

-0.10 

51.71 

73I.-I 

7OT 

13.311 

24.  700 

87  7 
21-.  3 

27.3 
27.2 

.57  07  10.92 
40  40  37.  00 

+  5  58.  35      +  0.  33 

fO.  10 

51.23 

73a) 

7-Yi-.  SIlCi 

al.40!< 
10. 100 

2^.2 
2".  0 

27.4 
27.3 

38  00  10.07 
50  44  53.  Od 

)    3  40.37 

+0.33 

+0.03 

51.31 

7377 

731lti 

2)>.  544 

I).  5:10 

27.4 
2^.4 

2^0 
27.  3 

50  27  42.  04 
■i*  51  40.04 

-  0  40. 77 

+  0.11 

-0.17 

51.00 

74  in 

7453 

24.  POO 

15.  l:w 

20.  3 
87. 0 

20.  4 
2^  U 

02  02  41.73 
30  07  04.01 

-  5  01.  05 

+0.30 

-0.00 

51.  ;i:) 

7480 
74t(0 

1H.400 
20.761 

20.!- 
20. 0 

20.0 
20.  2 

45  .5H  44.  45 
52  03  27.  37 

-   1  13.  CO 

+0.27 

-0.  02 

.52.  47 

7r)(ri 

7tiU3 

10.000 
20.  004 

211.1 
2.-.1 

90.  e 
27.0 

37  ,57  48.  84 
00  00  01.  07 

-  9  04.  83     +0.  50 

-0.  03 

51.70 

7027 
7C^« 

21.201 
1.5.044 

27  8 
2-'.  1 

a^.o 

87.3 

85  10  38.  20 
72  34  18. 00 

f  S  59.48  '  +0.14 

+0.00 

51.93 

7753 
7705 

15. 145 
32.  4t^C 

87.0 
20.3 

87.8 
20.2 

:■,'<  47  0<j  83 
30  01  .50.0a 

+  3  47.77 

+0.05 

+  0.07 



48  59  51.  90 

Mean  latlturto  (79  acttrmlnallon»),  4t!^  .59'  5r'.53, 

<  =  0".53 

T  =  0".35 

C;,  =  0".00 

T»  =  0".04 


1878. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUN  HOUNDARY, 

Obxervaliom  for  Latitude. 


(ARtronomical  Stntloii  Xo.  ri,— Lnnn  Ulvrr,  77  inilpfl  wont  nt  IVinililiin.-ObHiTvrr,  J.  I'',  nrfffory.  Lipi 
KiifflneMrH—Zriilvii  Teli'HCop*),  WUrdniuuiiii  No,  UO,— (jliMnonit'ti-r,  N'outm  Kldurt'iil  Nii. 


ipntpnnnt  T7nlt«d  fltatM 
'     1481. 1 


Rcntliiigfl. 

B.  A.  0. 

No. 

Mirroiu 

I.OVt'l. 

Morl.l. 
lllat. 

m.    ». 

N. 

28.0 
31.3 

s. 

54(iO 

9".  0^3 

1I.4JB 

27.8 
24.8 

.■i.V13 

•1.  '.'in 

ac.  K'jti 

28.  .'1 
2".).  i 

27.8 
2(1.  !l 

.Mill 

S.'i.  170 
U7IU 

■.•a.  3 

27.0 

2.'(.7 
32.  7 

fi047 
(i073 

2ii.  no:i 
10. 1:0:1 

30.8 
27.7 

30.0 
32.  8 

filM 
(il.'i7 

12.  I4.'> 

li'i.  851 

30.1 
27.  .l 

30. 5 
33.3 

13. 7.-n 

23.  4f  0 

30.  n 

31.0 

31.0 

;:o.  r. 

01IR 

0:i<M 

11.2110 

27.  784 

31.0 
20. 2 

30.  3 
32.0 

fi«l 
C47(i 

1ft.  403 
1ft.  M5 

31.0 
2<l.  0 

31.2 

31.  2 

(i,w:i 

10.  701 

SO.  708 

30  0 
31.0 

3  J.  3 
31.1 

Mii4 

(xni 

2.'.0M 
10.  130 

31.  2 

:i;i.  0 

32.  0 
IM.l 

fl728 
B74r< 

10.204 
21.  ftl'O 

31,0 
32.  0 

;i:i,  0 

32.  ."1 

f.7f0 

CS17 

1ft.  043 
1ft.  (108 

31.0 
31.  2 

:i.i.  7 

31.  3 

7024 
707J 

l.'i.  070 
22.  387 

33.  .'1 
23. 2 

:2.0 
30.  4 

j 

7100 
7l(iG 

08.  7.-)4 
27. 040 

33.  ft 
30.0 

31. ft 
;5.3 

731.') 

7377 

13.  .'•01 
3.-1.OIO 

33. .'. 

33.  0 
32.  (i 

7n';o 
7-Yr.ii3!l.-i 

2i.ftin 

10.  407 

34.0 
31.  ft 

31.9 
34.  1 

7377 
73U8 

28.700 
ft.t02 

::o.  0 

3.').  Tt 

3.-1. 3 

;:o.o 

74m 

74S3 

23, 017 
14.04.-1 

'.ft.  8 
37.1 

30. 2 
2ft.  2 

748(1 
748!l 

17. 9,=! 
20. 2:10 

34.  3 
32. 2 

ra.  1 

34.  3 

7.-I05 
7C0,-. 

10.  870 

20.  777 

34.0 
34. 0 

32. 7 
33. :, 

iin 


DecUfintlon. 


<  10  10. 3.-1 
)  00  01.07 

1  2ft  4.'i.  II 

i  Oft  4ft.  3fl 

1  4ft  4.'i.08 
i  22  04. 03 

)  12  39.02 
II  01  17.75 

l\  .'18  41. 72 
D  47  4.-1.  ,19 

1»  20  81.30 
■t  43  30.  HO 

ft  27  .W  07 
J  l.-i  00. 04 

ft  17  88.95 
8  41  03.04 

2  17  Oft.  19 
,'1  45  :>j.  10 

0  07  30, 95 
7  45  75,  67 

3  25  Ift,,'* 

1  40  33,  C4 

7  42  47,  88 

0  10  30,  M 

1  51  10,03 
0  01  51,  74 

3  45  32.  .59 
5  33  9;.?i 

7  07  59. 37 
0  40  40.  04 

8  Oft  I ft.  00 
ft  44  M.  Ji 

ft  27  45  84 

a  51  43.  no 

2  02  41.87 
0  07  00. 83 

5  TiS  47.  44 
2  03  30.41 

7  .57  .■il.70 
0  00  0.".42 


Correct  lond. 


Ulcrom. 


-  8  30. 73 
-(-10  10.08 

-  5  5.5.  .58 

-  8  28.  70 
-f  a  40.  05 

-  5  01.  71 
-(-  8  31.  77 
+  0  12. 16 

-  8  03.  40 
•f  3  02. 13 

-  a  57.68 
f  0  17.  53 
f-  3  88.41 

-  0  27.  37 
-1-  5  .^7. 10 
■\-  3  51.  03 

-  9  4ft.  36 

-  4  57.  CO 

-  1  10.40 

-  8  01. 01 


LoTol, 


I  I.KI 
-t  0. 71 
-O.ftl 

-0.  no 

-1.38 
0.00 
-0.00 
-0.08 
-0.40 
-t-0.95 
-0.43 
-1.07 
-1.27 
-0.00 
-0.14 

-n.03 

-f0.04 
-1-0.33 

■to.  03 
-f0.40 


Hofrno. 

-0.15 
-fO.  18 
-0.10 
-0.10 
-fO.  14 
-0.09 
+0. 15 
-fO.OO 
-0.04 
+0.05 
-0.  05 
-fO.OO 
-1-0.  00 
-0.17 
-fO.  10 
40.05 
-0.18 
-0.09 
-0.08 
-0.03 


Rpil.  to 
iDcrld, 


Lntltudo. 


48  59  58.91 

.58.71 
.58. 39 
58. 48 
59. 00 
58.78 
.58.  48 
.57.  48 
,58.  3:1 
58. 84 
.57, 97 
58,  on 
5i  38 
.59, 22 
58,71 
58,08 

.57,  no 

,59, 09 

.'a  52 

48  .59  .57. 89 


KomarkH, 


July  ft. 


-^■iO, 


UKl'OUT  or  TIJE  ClUHF  A8T1JONOMKU. 


117 


ObHCrvalioHH  for  Latitude. — Station  A'o.  5 — Uoiitiiiued. 


II.  A.  c. 

Nil. 


70S7 


TrflO 


5311 
Ui:i 


nii.-i 

MOU 


,ViOJ 

004:1 


5.'i4.'i 
0li;l4 


!>ri44 

MM 


5U11 


sroj 


.Vi45 
&<)34 


.VI44 


.'iiin.1 


5l>5J 
51111 


CI14 
C157 


Cllrl 

OJli,'! 


n4'>l 


«5.'i.l 


54 1. 'i 
54UU 


550.! 
&5'<!3 


5003 
5633 


cni7 

UU73 


KrndliigH. 


MIcruiu. 


82.  14.1 

lu.  mil 


1.1  .'>:i.'i 

23.  0.-|8 


Li'vol. 


N.        8. 


31.5 
30.7 


31.1 
*J.5 


111.  4.'.n     33. 5 
•Jl.  4'JH  .  31. 1 


19.  .WJ 
CO.  51M) 


mi.  mi5 
lli.  3VU 


34. .-. 
30.7 


S7.!l 
'JO. « 


87.0,-i7  I  2(1.0 

u.uiiu    s.'4.a 


(1, (ill  I  ai, 0 

811.  3tj4  :  SU.Ii 


H.431  [  a.-i.fl 


'JC.  3 
84.0 


87.0 
8.1.  0 


ail.  a 

85.0 


30.8 
88.8 


811.  40U 


10.030 
88.  Ofi 


85.  141 

13.  7(18 


0.  3.V" 
8U.  0118 


a  3.^8 

811.  434 


10.  517 

88.  5117  86. 7 
I 

84.  ,571  i  aC.O 

ij.  mu  8ti.  0 

s.'>.  50-1 '  a-i.  I 

14.083  ,  27.0 

SO.  4110  if.  4 

10.  035  an.  0 

18.  .-(H  1  an.o 

85.  5118  ;  27. 3 

13.057  '  2.1.8 

83.  44U  I  80.  8 

11.014  87.0 

87.411  1  31.  t 

ln.7.-|0  '  27.5 

ail.  181  j  811.0 

10, 3i'0  I  2:1.  n 

aO.  403  27. 7 


27.  003 
10.  D,-iH 


9.  .500 
20. 843 


ay  271 


aii.o 

31.8 


85. 0 
8«.5 


87.7 


18.  f37  ■  i-i.  I 


27.2!W  I  27.0 
10.  HI7  j  811.0 


39.  B 
37.1 


3.17 
3iJ.S 


34.3 
37.0 


.3.1.8 

3;. 7 


20.0 
8S.0 


8.5,7 
80.0 


87.1 
88.0 


80.8 
8H.5 


80.9 
80.4 


28.0 
88.11 


84.3 
33.3 


37.8 
88.0 


87.3 

87.7 


88.4 
81).  1 


3-1.0 
88.0 


20.0 
88.8 


80.1 
80.1 


88.5 
84.0 


27.4 


27.3 
811.  a 


3.5.1 
31.0 


37.8 
^4  0 


20.3 
33.0 


80,2 

37.7 


Mi<ri<l. 
dltt. 


Doclinitllon. 


8.">  10  411.  HI 
78  34  81.88 


.58  47  mi.  nil 

30  05  O'.'.  71 


53  01  n.-..  7rt 
45  5:1  44.  81 


4-1  40  51.  28 
4!)  84  ^1.57 


4i  4^  31.41 
,55  UO  311.  5  j 


Bj-  10  ln.4!l 
40  (0  52.  11 


,Vi  all  l.-i.  27 
48  Oil  411.  4,-i 


Oil  02  311,  no 
88  35  3(1,111 


48  8H  01,711 
55  38  11,11.1 


40  411  4.5.83 
48  88  0.5.  15 


,5,5  211  44,41 
48  09  411. 0(1 


00  01  40,  00 
88  35  30.14 


48  88  01.110 
55  38  18.83 


31  54  4-.  03 
(;5  ,'.8  20,  37 


CurrcctliiDii, 


MIl'Tuiii, 


!.ijv«I, 


I 
+  8  58.47  I  -1.05 

+  3  .53.  tn 

.47 


4'l  411  4.-I.  44 
48  88  05.  30 


78  18  3!1.  51 
80  04  18.11 


70  51'  48. 85 
80  47  4.5.  83 


30  80  21.711 
.5.1  43  4il.  41 


fill  87  54.  23 
3d  15  01.  14 


^  8  34.87 

-  7  10.411 
+  3  88. 1-8 

-  8  34.00 
-(10  13.48 
+  10  .53.41 

-  3  07.  84 

-  5  04.74 
+  10  18.87 
+ 10  S3. 113 

-  3  08. 05 
+  6  83.97 

-  5  00.  35  '  -0,  40 

i 

-  8  30.50  i  +0.011 


-1.17 

-1.03 
-0.  s:i 
-0.87 
-0.  811 
-0.118 
-1,11 
.-  0,  !I4 
-0.08 
-0.  411 
+  0.4i 


411  17  211.  48 
48  48  01.81 


38  18  Oil.  08  I 
115  45  5.5.  78  I 


.58  to  10.  81 
40  00  58.  40 


.55  811  45.  0(1 
48  00  40.  70 


31  54  48.  70 
05  53  80.  .50 


78  18  40.01 
8(i  04  18.  48 


+  K  44. 80 

-  5  03.  88 
+  8  80.  60 
+  0  11.  .53 

-  3  04. 01 

-  8  38.31  1  +3.47 
+10  10.71  !  +0.51 
+  0  9,5.80      -3.10 

-  8  30.40  !   -0.20 


+  0.2; 
-1-1.  31 
+  1.40 
+0.11 
-10.07 


Itcfriii'. 


+0.C0 
-i  0.  07 
I  (I.  0  I 
— 0.  13 
I  0.  04 
-II.  15 
I  0.  18 
I  0.  21 
-0.05 
-0.10 
Hi.  18 
10.21 
-0.05 
|0.  11 
-0.  10 
-11. 10 
+  0.  15 
—0.  08 
+0. 15 
0.00 
-0. 04 
-0.  15 
+0.18 
i-0.  11 
-0.  10 


IIimI.  to 
tiii^riil. 


Latltiiilo, 


48  ,51)  58.  70 
.57.  83 
.57.  83 
:e.  Oil 
.58,  sil 
W.  31: 
,50,  75 
,57,  00 

57,  Oil 
50, 81 
O,-,  51 
5,1, 80 
07,  111 

58,  €0 
51.  ,55 
5s,  H 
58,  75 
58,51 


5H,  25 
.58.01 
00. 05 

5f.:o 

48  .50  5.1,  48 


I!('lli:irl.H. 


July  U. 


July  10. 


July  11. 


July  18. 


July  13. 


I" 


118 


UNITED  STATES  NOETHBUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Observations  /...•  Latitude. — Station  Xo.  C — Continued. 


B.  A.  c. 

No. 


Headinga. 


Mic-rom. 


0114 

«I.')T 


0J8!I 


(i3t8 
6.165 


C470 


o.v.;i 

GJ86 


6ti-.M 
66«1 


67-,>8 
6748 


fi7?n 
6^17 


6037 
6i»70 


7034 
707a 


7100 
7166 


731. 'i 
7J77 


7:l'.'0 
7-Yr.  a3i)5 


7a77 
7:«lrt 


19. 43ft 
•a.  461 


4.171 
23. 9.V.I 


11.40.-. 

27.  BUI 


in.,'.'ii 
10.  fca 


16.23,-) 

•JO.  Ma 


*!.  .Wl 
16. 740 


l.'i.  530 

ui.aos 


10. 037 


11.747 

24. 008 


15.  478 
22. 120 


10.  387 
28. 70S 


13.P47 
25. 320 


21.  601 
16. 220 


28.  "10 
0.  .13 


r.i'vol. 


N. 


27. 1      20. 3 
21'.  0     27.  0 


31. 1  I  2.->.  6 
27.  5  I  20. 3 


20.3 
20. 6 


20.3  I  30.0 
30. 0  i  20.  8 


30.  8     20.  1 
30.  2  i  ;«1.  1 


31.2 
30.0 


27.0 
31.  4 


31.8 
33.0 


20.0 
30.7 


32.  2 
30.5 


31.5 
3i' 


32.  5 

3:t.l 


31.4 
33.0 


34.0 
27. 0 


31.0 
30.  U 


37.0 
20.7 


31.0 
33.0 


32.1 
32. 0 


31  H 
31.3 


33. 0 
32. 0 


12.  .578     34.  6 
26.717     32.0 


17.611      34.0 
10.70,'i     31.0 


1 1. 000     32.  4 


ll.lmu    tl7.0 


Merid. 

ilixt. 


23.  340     2!>.  5     3.').  2 
13.700     37.4     27.7 


32.5 
31.3 

0 
0 

31.1 
33.  4 

0 
0 

32.1 

;■->.  6 

0 
0 

31.7 
36.7 

DcclinatloD. 


76  5S  42.  70 
•Jl  47   W.-'.l 


30  26  22. 27 
58  43  40.  07 


50  27  54.  70 
38  15  01.  64 


40  i7  ::0  0i 
48  42  01.76 


32  18  10.  Ill 
65  15  50. 40 


40  OT  3J.  05 
57  46  17.21 


43  25  20.71 
54  40  33.  88 


57  42  40.  15 
40  16  37.67 


36  27  50.  05 
61  41  3.-I.02 


61  51  ll.M 
36  01  ji.  t7 


42  45  33.  72 
5.1  33  2.1.  51 


57  07  2:1.  72 
40  40  42.  14 


3,a  no  20. 17 
50  44  .57.  57 


,50  27  47.  14  I 
38  51  44. 13 


^iicrotll. 


Level. 


I-  0  44.0;     +0.10 

-  5  03.  70  ''  -fO.  83 

j 
+  8  20. 29  '  +0. 89 


+  0  10.30  .  -0.S7 


-  2  04.82  I  -0.  11 
+  3  00. 05     +0. 40 

-  2  59. 28     +0. 29 
+  0  15.27  '  +0.09 

-  4  50. 14  '  -to.  t5 
+-  3  26.08      -0.82  :  +0.00 

9  28.45  [  -0.29      -0.17 
+0.  10  j 
+0.05 


liefrac. 


Iteil.  to 
I  merid. 


Latitude. 


Remarks. 


//        I  //        I     O      »  /' 

+0.14  ■. 49  59  58.00 


-0.09 
+0.15 

0.00 
-0.04 
+  0.05 
+0.05 

0.00 
-0.09 


+  5  .55.98  j  -0.11 

I 


+  2  40.  38 


9  40.61 


25  19  41.81 

72  34  23.  08     +  2  5: 

.'8  47  10.06 

30  05  0.1. 87+3  5; 


.52  01  07.00 

43  .'kl  4."i.  40      +  8  32.  .50 

48  40  .-.2.  4  I  1 

40  24  4-  .<1      -  7  18.  70 


M  25  16.26     +  8  5,5.  ,54 

40  21  36.  .59 

48  36  08.  42     4    1  05.  06 

.56  27  51.  36  i 

41  22  .51,06  '    1-  4  3.'.  26 


:.2  21.  07     +  6  22.  60 


+0.,50 


-0.14 


;o.89 


-0. 1-' 


+0.06 


.15     -1-0. 07 


-^-o. 


27 

i    '.01 

CO 

—0.  13 

36 

H  0. 16 

20 

+0.02 

41 

+0.08 

76 

+0.11 

5&C6 
58.54 
57.44 
58.31 
59.03 

sass 
sar? 

58.  SS 
58.38 
59.70 
58.90 
58. 8A 
58.70 
58,58 


July  13. 


53.70  j 


48  .'i9  58.  58 


i 


.July  14. 


B.  A.  C. 

Ku. 


00-.: 


niM 

0157 


tarn 


ma 

(iiit'i 


07SH 
07le 


iv.no 


7100 
71(iU 


7Si:> 

7877 


7377 
rMS 


7-1-0 

74c'9 


7r,o.-i 

7(i05 


KEPOHT  OF  THE  CUIEF  ASTKONOMEU. 

Observations  for  La  itutk. — Station  No.  5— Coiitiniioil. 


119 


U^atlings. 

Alicroni. 

Level. 

Mori.l. 
dial. 

X. 

S. 

an.  Tiss 

10. 077 

a7.o 

27.0 

27.0 
27.0 

m,   «. 

li  oia 

•jj.  o:i3 

ao.  a 

•J9.  0 

27.7 
21.7 



10 

y.t.  7:ii 

ij;l.  o57 

27  1 
213 

2(i.  0 
25.7 

as.  5(jf 

IG.  7JII 

22.  1 

ai.o 

2;.  1 

a;!.  7 

SI.  910 

22.  9 
21.  li 

22. 0 
21.2 

Ul.bl3 

32.  .'i 
20. .-, 

22. 1 
24.1 

M.  aio 
S).  r.73 

S3. 8 
17.  r. 

21.1 
87.0 

11.1111 

29.  .VJl 

21.9 
S.3.  4 

21.0 
19.3 

13.  ei3 

33, 2i7 

23. 3 

2.-).  3 
20.  .■> 

10.  ooa 

24.2 

a,-).  0 

20  1 
25.2 

18.0(l.-> 
'J0.371 

2^.5 
22. 0 

2a!  b 

17. 39a 

ai.iieii 

27.0 
23.5 

24.2 

2S.8 

Docliimlioii. 


Oorrectious. 


Micrniu. 


Level. 


72  12  40. 28 
211  04  le.  OS 


70  r.3  43. 0^ 
20  47  40.  47 


39  a;  22.  .'i3 
M  4.1  41.  a? 


40  07  3^.  ra  ; 

57  40  17.  fcli 


8  31.  30 

0  44.01 

■  5  03.  39 

3  01.14 


43  2."i  21.32 

54  40  31.  .■)3  j  -  3  OX  93 

.'i7  43  49. 1-0  ' 

40  10  3s.  20  i  -1-  0  13.20 

30  23  00.  51  i 
01  41  30.59 


42  45  34.  34 


4  4^96 
53  33  24.  17  I  -  9  30.  07 
.  53.84 
9  47.01 
1  11.55 


.■)7  07  24.  .'.4  ! 
40  40  4.'.  74  I 


.W  27  47.  80  ' 
■M  51  44.  71 


43  ,'ifi  49. 29  I 
.32  03  32.  311  ' 


J!wl.  to! 
lueriil.  t 


Liilitiiili'. 


0.00      -0.  If) 


HO.  01 


+0.02  1    (0.14 

i 
+0.C0  I  -O.IO    I 


r 


37  37  53.  43 

(10  00  07.  33  '  -  2  00. 82 

I 


-0.  CO  j  -10.03 

+0.74  ;  -0.03 

i 
-0.71  i      0.00 

-I.  .30     —0.09 

+1.11      -0.17 

+  1.UU  .10 

-0.47  ,  -0.18  I 

-0.2a      -0.03  ' 

1 

-0.,")C      -0.03  ! 

I 


,1 


,'.9.  ■'.« 
59.  02 
38.  b:! 
37.  07 
.38.  52 
■37.91 
.30. 22 
3^'.  84 
.38.  .30 
59.  00 
49  59  58. 97 


Kopi.Tlka. 


July  14 


Julv  13 


Mi»n  IutitU(l.->  (e2  ili'lvriuiuiuloMs),  480  59"  58.54". 
t  =   ±  0".  49773 
To=    ±  0".037 


-      i] 


mm 


«i 


• 


t^l 


t 


ij. 


I»^ 


1873.      ' 

UNITED  STATES  NOBTHEIiN  BODNDAEY. 

Obscrmtions  for  Latitude. 

[AstrODomiciil  Station  No.  6.— West  Hide  of  Turtii'  ^louiitain,  IflO  inilra  west  oi'  Pi'iniiina.— Observer,  W.  J.  Twiiiin;*,  Captiuu 
Uniteil  Stillei)  Eii^iini'iTH,— Zoliitli  Trlest-oiio,  Wiirili'liiaiiti  No.  SO. — CliruiioiUL'ter,  Nt>;;ii8  Siilenul  No.  IM:!.] 


B.  A.C. 
No. 


liCadingH. 


Microni. 


6047 
007:i 


lil!4 
U157 


(12(if 
tiSe» 


(14^1 
C47(i 


li.'i.'i:!  I 


U(>94  I 
(iliSl  I 


sn.  ofl'3 

!l.  271) 


raoij 

S4.  T!I7 


I. van.-) 


78S0 


Level. 


2-'.  4f  :i 
22. 54U 


Hi.  (121 

•ia.:rM 


S(i.n 

25. 0 


2.-..  S 

23.  ;i 


2-'.  (i 
KI.G 


CC.  5 
25. 1 


27.2 

25. 7 


24.  o:i5 
Ih.  479 


I  an.  H 

■  25. 5 


«72fl 
(174S  ( 


!.'».  551 
2l.(i02  I 


071*0  : 
litil" 

7024  ! 
7073  j 

7100 
71U0 

7215 
7277 

7:t20 
7-'rr.ffiW5 

7:177 

7aiiH 

74IU 
745;l 

74l'0 
71KI 

7.-.05 
7('i05 

7fi27 
7(:c(i 


77lJ7 
7^00 


20.09:1 
SO.  9 -.5 


l.'i.  0(15 
22. 349 


11.370 
29.  954 


15.001 
20.  HM 


2;l.  725 
lb.  552 


30.  4R-> 

li.t:84 


2(i.  044 
Hi.  117 


21.  544 

24.  1  IS 


10.014 
21.  127 


22.  >  45 
17.401 


I.^fl5^ 

8  I.  135 


17. ''41 
22.501 


13.710 
38.  153 


24. 5 
27.3 


20.1 
20. 5 


S.".  0 
S7. 2 


20. 5 
20.5 


27.  2 
2(>.  1 


27.0 
27.1 


27.5 
'.0. 0 


2'.  0 
20. 0 


27. 0 

28.  I> 


S-'.7 
25. 0 


Sli.  I 

Si.  1 


20.  f* 
21.0 


2H.  7 
SO.  I 


2.-1.  S 
27.3 


2.5. 0 
30.0 


27. 5 
SJi.O 


87.7 
20. 0 


30.1 
27.3 


Morld. 

(list. 


8i=.n 

89.  1 


2H.  5 
2.S.  5 


2r'.4 
30.  0 


2t'.  0 
30.0 


87.  4 
31.  0 


oj_  2 

ao!7 


87.4 
33.  1 


8  >.  4 
31.3 


rtjj   2 

3t!4 


m 


Doclinutiou. 


Corrections. 


Micrum. 


Level. 


72  18 
80  04 


70  .5H 
80  47 


39  SO 
5ti  43 


49  17 
4«  42 


38  IH 
05  40 


40  07 
57  4(i 


43  85 
54  40 


57  42 
40  10 


fit  51 
30  01 


48  45 
55  33 


57  07 
40  40 


n.-  no 

.'i9  45 


43.  M 
21.51 


40. 73 
49.07 


20.09 
45.32 


34.  .52 
09.  19 


14.03 
01.89 


48.  37 
88. 03 


8.5. 30 
3(1.84 


.54.  19 
42.80 


17.83 
57.  30 


3P.  Xi 
8S  73 


'i-*.  0; 
40.05  I 


84.  H4 
08. 67 


,59  87 
3S  51 


5.'.  70 
4H.  f5 


ca  02 : 

30  07  1 


45  :>s 
.58  03 


53.  (i5 
30.  i<l 


37  57 
00  00 


85  10 
72  34 


.58  47 
39  05 


.58  01 
43  .53 


4H  49 
49  81 


.57.  .52 


4.5.  80 

28. 83 


10.03 
Or*.  48 


11.07 
51.00 


.57.  74 
48.  M 


-8  38. 87 
f  0  30. 1!U 
-3  11.30 
+0  01. 05 
-8  13.  88 
+8  58. 39 
-3  07.  75 
+0  CO.  89 
-1-3  18.08 
-9  30.43 
-1-5  4,5.  55 
-f  8  40.  51 
-0  5,5.  M 
-5  08.01 
- 1  20.  01 
-8  10.  10 
4-8  47.  05 
-1-3  42.  81 
-I  3  84.08 
-  7  87.  83 


-0.80 
-0.58 
-0. 08 
-1.07 
-0.05 
-0.98 
-1.80 
-0.98 
-1.38 
-8.30 

-i-0.  t:> 
-fao7 

- 1. 09 

-0.89 


Uerrac. 


-0.17 
-1-0.14 
-0.09 

0.00 
-0.04 
-f  0. 05 
-0.  ('5 

0.00 
-fO.OO 
-0.17 
-fO.  10 
+0.01 
-0.18 
-0.09 


-1-0.  18      -0.  08 

I 
-(1.91  :  -0.03 

-O.CO     -(-0.00 

-1.40  ,  -fO.OO 

-I.OD  :  -f0.04 

I 
-1.07  I   -0.13 


Keil.  to 
merid. 


Latitude. 


O       I         'I 

48  59  33.  43 
54. 13 
33. 09 

52. 74 

I 

33. 13 

1 

I  53.00 

33.07 

! 

31.  10 

J 

54.07 

51.74 

51.30 
33.08 
33. 00 

r>;).05 

51.78 
53.  47 
53. 55 
.53  73 
54.51 
48  39  54.  01 


Keninrks. 


July  8d. 


KEPOllT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  ASTKONOMER. 

Observations  for  Ludtttdv. — Slation  A'o.  (J — (.'oiitiiiui'd. 


121 


B.  A.  0. 
No. 

Uoatl 

"IBS- 

Dcoliuatioii. 

CorrrctioDB. 

Lilt  it  mil-. 

Ucm.irkH. 

Microui. 

Livi'l. 

Moriil. 
diat. 

Microu-. 

Level. 

Ui'frac. 

K.d.  to 

N. 

.S. 

7n03 
■  t03J 

80. 905 
12. 9-Jl 

28.0 
Sri.O 

89.7 
30,0 

1 

H. 

H. 

o       '        11 

41   10  53.34 
.50  25  20.  45 

+8  40.97 

0,83 

+0.  10 

" 

48  59  53. 20 

.July  88. 

pn;)0 

6059 

19.  fU 
21.  057 

29.  8 
2,-..  1 

87,9 
32,  4 

49  21  41.70 
48  30  14.00 

-1-0  .'.0.  87 

-1.20 

+0.03 

5:1.57 

fOS:t 

IB.  PO:i 
•J5. 376 

28.1 
25.7 

29,4 
32.0 

."Hi  27  5^.  97 
41  22  :.9.  15 

+4  20. 00 

- 1,  09 

+0.08 

53.45 

HiOli 

2A  OO.-i 
I'i  278 

27.  1 
2^0 

30,  2 
DO.  1 

;0  37  30, 03 
07  05  58. 20 

+8  09.  83 

-1.09 

+0.15 

5.1. 3:1 

^3H 
SMI 

2y.  3;w 

14.  149 

S9.  4 
20.4 

2^. .) 
3i0 

73  48  05,  78 
24  20  12,  04 

-4  13.03 

-1,14 

-0.08 

53.  70 

1^344 
07 

11.419 
!i4. 005 

29. 2 
27.  1 

29.  1 
31,0 

. .  \    09  30  .'lO,  28 
.,1     37  15  54,10 

-1-0  32. 37 

-0.85 

+0.11 



5;l.b3 

.•.aj3 
5911 

25. 300 
13.043 

22.  3 
32.0 

3.-',  3    ,. 
30,3    ,. 

49  49  47,  90 
48  22  09.  44 

-0  01.  on 

-3,17 

-0.10 

.53. 74 

■Inly  29. 

(i047 
0073 

2H.  4.-,9 
11.  723 

31.0 
31,0 

•;o,  8  ,. 

ol.2    .. 

-, 

72  12  44. 10 
80  01  81.71 

-8  39.28 

+0,14 

-0.  17 

,5,1.  00 

01 M 
015- 

in.  I.i4 
2.5. 902 

3D,  0 
3,1.4 

31.4  !.. 

28. 8    . . 

;• 

70  .58  <G,98 
20  47  49.20 

+0  3.5.  51 

-f0,85 

+0,14 

54,  05 

Oi^9 

14.29H 
24.  329 

31.0 
32,5 

31,0    .. 
29.8    ,. 

39  80  20.  34 
08  43  45. 00 

-5  11.84 

+0.  00 

-0,09 

.5.5,21 

0:ilrt 
0505 

13.114 

29.  201 

30,9 
33.  1 

31.4    ,. 

29.2    ,. 

,59  87  .59.  48 
38  15  U.5.  82 

+8  81.  CO 

-f0.70 

+M5 

54.  50 

04JI 
Olio 

22.  100 
22.  170 

31,0 
32.4 

31.4  '.. 
30.8    .. 

'.'. 

49  17  34,  81 
48  42  09.47 

+0  01).  50 

+0.  40 

0.10 

53.  04 

O^i:! 
05eO 

17.  .'ifl.S 
21.^,2 

31.4 
32.1 

31.3    .. 
31.1    .. 

32  18  W.V 
05  40  01.  01 

-2  14.47 

+0.25 

-0,94 

53. 09 

00-J4 
00^1 

23.411 
17.  895 

32.1 
31.1 

30.9    .. 
.52.8    .. 

40  07  42,  05 
57  40  22. 35 

r2  51.  15 

+0.02 

-(■0, 05 

.53,  72 

07a' 

074S 

lH.2-'5 
2I.3S7 

32,  a 
32. 9 

31.0    .. 
31.4    .. 

43  25  2,5.  ,^9 
54  40  39. 10 

-3  09.33 

+0.C0 

-0,  05 

51.  to 

O'fO 
Of  17 

20.  309 

20.  52f 

32.  1 

33.  2 

31.0    .. 

29.9    .. 

57  48  51,51 
40  10  42,  49 

4  0  04.93 

+0.  98 

0.00 

54.41 

(io:i7 
0970 

14.9.IH 
24.  .V.I9 

31,2 
33,  2 

32.0    .. 
30.0    .. 

30  28  04,  07 
01  41  41,51 

-4  .59,70 

+0.  .53 

-0.09 

53.  77 

7034 
7U7.I 

10.711 
23,  UII9 

32,  0 
32.  2 

31.4 
31.1 

01  51  17.  ,57 
30  01  57,  OH 

43  1,5,41 

+0,36 

j  0. 00 

.53.  48 

7100 
71 00 

10,  207 
21^,  901 

31.4 
33,0 

:!2.  0 
30.0 

42  45  .38, 1-0 
55  33  29. 00 

-9  40,  03 

fO,iO 

-0,17 

51.  10 

7-JI5 
7J77 

I.'.,  12-i 
20,  251 

32,  0 
31,4 

31..') 
32.3 

57  07  29, 20 
40  40  40. 95 

+5  45.  12 

-0. 09 

+0.  10 

5J.24 

7:ko 

7-Y|-.ai95 

22.103 
17.032 

31.4 
33.0 

32. 2 
31.0 

. 

38  09  2,5,  13 
59  45  03. 80 

-1  2  39.  80 

■fO.27 

4  0.04 

5:1.0a 

7377 
739C 

30,  154 
10.  924 

a  2 

31),  3 

30.  S 
33. 0 

.59  87  .53,04 
as  51  49. 14 

-9  .50.00 

-0.  14 

-0.18 

54.11 

74  Ml 
7453 

27.001 
17.049 

32.  0 
32. 4 

32. 0 
31.5 

03  03  51.84 
30  07  18.84 

-5  0-1.79 

to.  20 

-0,09    

53.08 

74l'0 
74S9 

l-.O.'Kl 

21.  "eH 

31.5 
32. 5 

32..'>    .. 
31. S  '.. 

45  58  .53,  90 
52  03  37.  13 

-1  2l.i:c 

0.00 

-0.02    

53.87 

7705 

I5.7.59 

22,  -^'i 

31.5 

32. 8 

31.5  L. 
30.  1    . . 

.58  47  10,35 
39  05  08,  77 

4  3  41.  10 

-fO,(0 

i  0. 00    

4,-  .59  51,  :I2 

ijl 


122 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTDEKN  BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


Ohscrvations  for  Latitude. — Station  No.  (J — Contimicd. 


lt.A.C. 
No. 

l!iailinK«. 

DeoUnntlon. 

OurrcctiouB. 

Lntltiiilc. 

Itriimrka. 

Mieroiii. 

Level. 

MlMill. 
(list. 

MIcruiu. 

Lcvcl. 

Itcfroo. 

Itcd.  til 
niiriil. 

N. 

s. 

-787 
71-00 

10.  431 

33. OIW 

32  0 
30.  5 

;io.o 
33.1 

t 

II. «. 

0    '      11 
52  01  13. 28 
43  53  51.:i0 

+3  21.  01 

-0.  01 

-10.04 



0    '      " 
48  59  S;l.  40 

Jul.v  SO. 

79(W 
S0-J4 

SO.  434 
13.  101 

31.4 
31.0 

31.5 
31.4 

41  10  ,'.:l.02 
50  25  20.  74 

+8  45.  :i9 

+0. 03 

-1-0. 10 

52. 75 

HUM 

30.  ,'.41 
33. 333 

33.7 
31.0 

:.o.2 

31.8 

40  21  42.04 
4a  30  14. 28 

■i  0  55.  20 

+0.  38 

-t-O.  03 

5:1.  88 

17.30f< 
3."i  71  j 

30.  8 
33  4 

31.4 
10  3 

50  27  .50.26 
41  22  59.41 

+4  23.05 
48  07. 07 
-4  15.20 

+0.  45 
0  04 

+0.08 
+0.15 
-0.08 

53  79 

8.00 

10.033 
13  39.'i 

30.8 
33  1 

:iil 

31.0 

... 

... 

:tO  37  30.  60 
07  05  58.  52 

5"  77 

33.  0,-.7 
14.  830 

30.8 

3:1.0 

33.  2 

:io.  0 

... 

7:i  43  00, 0:1 

24  20  13.25 

+0.  30 

54. 10 

1 

8344 

07 

n.  e.w 

23.  430 

:io.  7 
3:i.  3 

32. 2 
30.0 

00  30  50.  .5:1 
:t7  15  54.  33 

+0  30.  20 

+0.38 

+0.11 

:A  18 

0047 
007  :i 

2J.  333 
ll.,'i73 

:i3.4 

:I2. 1 

31.5 
.13. 0 

72  12  44.  HO 
20  04  23. 31 

-8  :)9.99 

+0.33 

-0.17 

53. 05 

AliKiist  1. 

0U4 

13.  470 
2*1  330 

33.0 
iii).  0 

31.0 
31.8 

7n  58  47. 80 
'0  47  49.  84 

+C  3,5.  CO 
-5  l;l.  38 

—0.05 

-fO.  14 
-0.09 

53  91 

0308 
1           0->0 

l;i.  137 
23.    34 

33.0 
:14.  0 

3J.0 
31.0 

.... 

.19  20  27. 15 
58  43  40.  48 

+0.04 

5:1. 49 

1         o:ii8 
j         ojo.-. 

11  ;30 
3-  851 

;i2.o 

33.1 

:w.o 
:ii  2 

59  28  00.  37 
:I8  15  00.  01 

+8  30.  CO 

-0.  03 

+0. 15 

54. 23 

0431 
1            0470 

21. 'ill 
31.  .■i04 

ai.i 
3:t.5 

33. 2 
33. 1 

4!1  17  :i.'i.  7 1 

4t^  43  10.  ;m 

+0  00. 32 

+0.  51 

0.00 

5:1.78 

o-irv'i 
1          OTieO 

1.-..000 
211.  340 

33.1 
34.3 

;t:i.4 

31.4 

33  18  1.5.00 
05  40  03.  03 

-3  15.00 

+0.30 

-0.04 

,53. 19 

00v.>4 
0081 

23.  407 
10.001 

:i:).  2 

33.0 

33.  4 
33.  1 

40  07  4:1.  .54 
57  40  S3.  37 

+8  50. 74 

+0.  10 

+0. 05 

54.40 

0738 
Ii748 

18.204 
21.404 

;«.  7 

33.1 

;t3.4 
33.0 

4:1  85  20.  .5:1 
54  40  40.  18 

-  1  10.  51 

+0.31 

-0.  05 

.'i3. 10 

07^n 

0817 

20.  20.'> 
20.  40.'> 

:u  5 
3:1.5 

:)3.  8 
33.1 

57  48  5.5.  ,'.5 
40  10  43.  43 

+I'04.:i4 

+0.85 

0.00 

54.  08 

0!>:t7 
0070 

1.7.314 
24. 003 

:i3. 4 

34.1 

34.  2 
3:1.7 

36  28  0.1.  .59 
01  41  42.  00 

-5  00.  28 

-0.09 

-0.09 

53. 03 

7034 

l.'i.  ro7 
23.  850 

;i4.i 

33.  1 

3:t.o 

34.0 

01  51  18.00 
30  01  58. 00 

+3  13.28  j  -  0.89 
-9  41.08  1  -0.09 

+0.0B 
-0.17 

7100 
7100 

0.  002 
27.700 

:i:i.7 

34.1 

43  45  30.  84 
55  33  30. 15 

,5:1. 00 

33.9      .. 

731.1 

14.  003 
2.'>  7r5 

31.2 
31.3 

;i3. 7 
37  0 

57  07  ;iO.  30 
40  40  48.  23 

1 
-{-5  45  12         1   11 

+0.10 
+0.04 

.'1:1  :io 

7:fi0 
7.Yr.23!l.'. 

23.  354 
18.  135 

:i4.7 
:i3.o 

3:1.4 
:)0.  3 

:i8  09  20.  10 
59  45  04.  :i:i 

-t-a  ;io.  14 

.... 

-  i>.07 

.'■3.  72 

7377 
7:108 

3!l.  KI7  1  32.  1 
10.  5,'i4  1  30. 7 

:io.4 

33.0 

59  27  51.  10 
38  51  50.  11 

-9  '.-.  30 

+0.09 

-0  18 

53.74 

7410 
7453 

84.908  1  31.3 
14.001      38.5 

37.8 
30.3 

03  02  53.  90 
;10  07  13  .9 

-5  10.40 

53.31 

... 

+0.51  '   -0.09 

7480 

74fllt 

SO.  noo    31.  .1 

34.4 

45  5-  5.5.  00 
•V!  0:1  :t8.  31 

- 1  23.  07 

48  .'.9  54.  10 

23.  -.74 

:i,-..  7 

;i3. 3 



+0.58 

-0.02 

REPORT  OF  THE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

Obnerrations  for  Latitude.— Station  Nu.  0— Continued. 


123 


a  A.  c. 

No. 

Urtulill^8. 

DccUnatlon, 

Corrc(.'li()i)». 

Latitude. 

Ueioarliii. 

Micron) 

Level. 

Mnrid. 

(liBt. 

Microni. 

Level. 

Kifiac. 

lied,  tn 
ineriil. 

N. 

S. 

7505 
7U05 

17.  :i!l!l 
81.081 

31.  5 
;t5.7 

34.2 
34.0 

fn.^. 

O       1         It 

37  .57  ,18.78 
00  00  12.  !)1 

1     II 
-8  12. 80 

+0.  44 

-0.  03 

" 

4;'  .59  .53.  40 

Aii;;u(«t  I. 

v-li 

18.S;i-.! 

:).-..  2 
:ii.2 

34.  a 

30.  3 

25  19  40.  !I2 
72  34  2!1.  07 

+2  44. 97 

-0. 2.5 

+0. 00 



53.  07 

77.". 
771)5 

1(1  l£t 
•J3.J11 

;i4.2 
;i.-.2 

30.2 
35. 2 

"'6';6 

.58  47  17.  43 
39  05  Oft.  73 

+3  39.  92 

-0.44 

4-0. 00 

+0.  0(i 

53.18 

7787 
71-00 

20.  087 

ai.cMo 

;i  1. 2 
;i:i.  1 

35  ft 
37.0 

.52  01  13.33 
45  53  52.  30 

+2  21.  45 

-1.25 

-jO.04 

5:).D(i 

7t!S0 
7-fa 

14.  10.-) 
88.  SO.'. 

:«.  7 

34.  2 
30. 9 

48  4!l  .50. 04 
40  24  4ft.  (iO 

-7  29.  5ft 

-0.47 

-0.  13 



54.17 

71103 
8051 

28.  815 

ll.iPro 

34.0 
3.5.  0 

rii.  1 
34.8 

41   10  51.0ft 
50  25  21.75 

+8  45.57 

-0.42 

+0.  10 

.53.  .'.:i 

HOT 
HOjfl 

18.:lllfi 
20. 000 

::i).  0 

3i  5 

Xt.9 
37.4 

4ft  21  43.  01 
48  30  1.-,.  25 

+0  ,55.  aft 

-0. 02 

+0. 02 

.53.  82 

808.1 
8t'J8 

I7.;iu 
2.5.  8;w 

3.-..  3 
34.7 

34.1 
31.  0 

5(1  28  00. 24 
41  23  00.30 

+4  '.'4.38 

+0.22 

+0. 08 

51.  89 

MOO 
e-J7;) 

sfl.n.ii 

11.175 

35.  8 
33.  4 

34. 0 
30. !( 

30  37  31.  00 
07  05  .5ft.  44 

+8  08. 87 

-0.  38 

-!  0.  15 

54.  19 

8:in 

K)-,'l 

u;i.  Ml 

15.411 

35.  0 
33.  8 

3.5. 2 
30.  3 

73  42  00.  ft.l 
24  20  12.  UO 

-4  1.5.  3ft 

-0.  00 

-0. 1)8 

48  59  .53.  88 

i 

Jteun  lutitude  (7ft  deter(i)initt)iiii!i|,  48°  50'  53".7{i. 

(    =  0".53 
•  T   =  (.".35 

eo  =  0".on 

To  =  0".04 


iMW 

M 

.9 

1873. 

UNITED  STATES  NOllTIJEUN  liOUNDAUY. 

ObncrvatiouH  for  Latiludc, 

I  AstroUMnirul  Stiiti(i:>  No.  7. — Soiilli  Antler  CrecK.  \'Xi  inili-s  wt'st  til"  )'fnibiiiii.-(ll»si'rvt'r,  J.  RCilTpiH-.v,  LttuU'liiliit  IJliiti-*! 
StitU'M  KngiueorH.— itciiilh  Telfflco[)c,  Wintlolimun  No.  lI.-ChroDoiiU'ttr, K(';;u8  Siilt'r<-nl  No.  MCI.] 


It.  A.  U. 

No. 


.V.-i:l 

bail 


ciin 


(iiii 
(;i57 


OOrtP 


ii:iiH 

iiMTt 


CI70 


o.i.->;i 


ncai 
(itifi 


67J« 
bug 


(inl7 


(i!n7 
coru  j 


7IB4 
707a 


7100 
7ltiG 


7'.'1.- 

-.r,^ 


ItrluliugH. 


t'U    I'l'ClioUH. 


71120 
7.Vr.2JUJ 


71177 


Microin. 


Level. 


7410 
7403 


74H0 
74t-!) 


7503 
7()05 


2.-1.  ;t27 
li  170 


:iii.  a 

40.0 


4-,'.  ;t 


!i.  400 


19.470 
24. 737 


Itl.  376 

SO.  illj-  ■ 


lO.WO 
1!J.  Hll 


21. 170 
SI.7Irt 


2fi.  022 
18.  :i.9 


21. 110 
'£>.  130 


19. C93 
aiOlO 


19.  IIB 
24. 100 


Hi.  7;ii 
a,").  o.".3 


1.1. 193 
87.  71(i 


1.1.1)19 
a7.llil 


a4.713 

17.3'.i2 


27.  ceo 

14.  U3li 


23.  M7 
Id.  or>5 


23. 333 
21.  4S0 


22. 042 


3,"i.  7 
43. 0 


3."i.  H 
33.  .'. 


40.1 
33.7 


3!».  (i 
34.  c 


an.  0 
31.9 


32.  3 
2:^.  3 


.■;o.a 

29.  0 


31.7 

SO.  8 


30.7 
32.8 


32.  8 
3-.'.  a 


31.  5 
;I3. 9 


33.  .1 
32.4 


32.  3 
3,\  4 


Pk).  Ti 
31.3 


3.'.  1 
31..  0 


.33.  1 
3i:  1 


34. 11 
31.0 


32.  li 
42.0 


3.K  8 
2-'.  8 


38.7 
31.8 


39.  0 
32.0 


39.7 
4.\(i 


30.  II 
42.5 


:  0. 0 
42.2 


31.. 1 

28.3 


31.0 
32.0 


30.4 
31.0 


32.  1 
30.0 


31.3 
32.  1 


33.  2 
31.  n 


31.7 
;13.3 


33.  7 
31.  1 


32.  9 
31.8 


31.3 
30.0 


33.  4 
30.  4 


31.8 
32.7 


M.Tlll. 

«liht. 


Deeliiiatioli. 


31  .M  .'•>2.20  . 
03  .'.2  a.'i.  ( 0 


49  49  .W.  0."i 
48  22  1(1.  12 


72  12  44.  87 
20  14  22.  3;l 


70  :•"  47.  81 
i.0  47  49. 84 


39  20  27.  13 
■'if  43  40.  48 


.V.I  28  00.  37 
38  13  00.03 


49  17  3.'..  09 
48  42  10.  10 


32  18  !,■..  09 
(i.'i  40  02.  02 


40  07  43.  ri4 
,'.7  40  23.  37 


43  23  26.  .'i3 
34  40  40. 18 


.37  42  .v..  53 
40  10  43.  43 


30  28  o.'i.  no 

6i  41  42.  CO 


61  31  18.60 
30  01  58.  39 


42  43  39.  83 
33  33  30.  15 


.37  07  30. 30 
40  40  48. 23 


38  09  20.11 
59  43  01.33 


.39  ! 

38  t 


54.  10 
.'lO.  II 


0 J  02  32.  90 
3li  07  13.  79 


43  38  .35. 00 
,32  03  38. 22 


.37  57  58. 78 
00  00  12.  92 


Mieritm. 

+  8  0.'.  84 

-  4  12.72 

-  0  40.01 
-t    8  32.  43 

-  3  ...fl'l 
+  10  11.42 
f   1  54.31 

-  0  SO.  03 
+  4  45.  K) 

-  1  1.3.03 
-I-  1  59.52 

-  3  05.  10 
+  .3  09. 20 

-  7  4.3.28 
+  7  38.  :.3 
+  4  32.  00 

-  8  03.  89 

-  3  15.88 
+  0  31.  (fl 

-  0  18.  38 


Lovel. 

+5.43 

+  2.29 

+  a..32 

-4.85 

-1..34 

-1..34 

,  0.  03 

-o.su  ! 

-1.C3 

+0.U7 

+  0.40 

+  0..38 

+  0.23 

+  0.  20 

+  0.93 

1  1.01 

+  1.03 

+  1.77 

1  1.34 

1  4.  97 

!  Re.l.  to  i 

vM.  I 


LatitiiiU'. 


+  0.14 
-0.07 
-0. 13 
+  0.18 
— .1.  05 
|0  18 
|0.C3 
0.00 
10.11 
-0.  02 
+  0. 03 
-0.  03 
+  0.09 
-0. 13 
+0.  13 
■10.08 
-0.  14 
-0.  00 
+0.01 
-0.01 


48  61  .33.01 

49  01  49.  ,38 

49. 38 
47.18 
49.  .33 

48.  50 
47. 61 
48.03 
48.34 
48.30 

49.  50 
49.  47 
48. 14 
49.87 

48.  93 
48.31 
49. 1  1 

49.  20 
49.  03 

49  01  .32.  23 


Uc'umrka. 


All^iiHt  1. 
lUji'ctcU. 


l-.'l 


UEPOHT  OF  THK  CHIKF  ASTUONOMEU. 

Ohserrationsfor  LatHiiik. — Station  No.  7 — Continnod. 


125 


Koadingfl. 


n.  A.(;. 

No. 


Level. 


N. 


77,'.,'i 
■.7(i.". 


77S7 
7S(W 


78:o 


•lies 


soar. 


i:il4 

t;ii;4 


46 

07 


.'■.a-i;i 

S'.lll  I 


fi047 
0073 


nil4 
«l.'i7 


09UH 


031H 
UllO.'i 


0431 

0470 


Wi.'i:! 
05^0 


(>01>4 
OOfl 


074rt 


fi7i'0 
OB  17 


01137 
0!I70 


70-34 
707.1 


7100 
7100 


7:iau 

7-Yr.  i!311.-i 


2.7.  a:.o     33. 0 
17.  7i0     3,7.  H 


17.  1>.'2     33.(1 
•Jii.  cifri     30. 1 


18..Mrt     3.3. » 
%>.  370     37.  0 


IH.  203     34.  .1 
•i'.-zn  .  34.5 


30.  700 
13.  OlS 


34.  0 
41.  .'i 


10.041  3.7.1 

34.  1p7  38.3 

10.701  ,  33.4 

20.017  '  37.0 

30.317  .l.'i.O 

14.170  '  41.5 

33.01.7  1  33.8 

10.  l!<2  37.3 

23.  173  ,  3.3.3 

311.  oriO  '  3S.0 


24.  407 

17.  033 


30. 13.-. 
15.  IHI 


14.0.54 
27.731 


10.  0-0 
34.  478 


13.141 

2!l.  005 


10  7117 
23.  !li;0 


30.  833 

31.  315 


20. 143 
ll-.  437 


50  8,72 
33.  rrO 


34. 000 
37. 250 


18.780 
S3.  773 


17.  407 
3.7.  8(14 


10. 030 

28.  .^58 


10.011 

3^,315 


23.  Ii45 
15  3113 


9.3.7 
33. 0 


2.5.7 
2,5. 0 


24.0 

211.5 


20.7 
27.0 


2.5.  4 
34.7 


20.  1 

30.  5 


•i9.  5 
30.  0 


23.0 

30.  S 


20.8 
24.7 


24  0 
33. 5 


29.5 
20.  3 


24.8 
30.  1 


Mcrlrt. 
(lint. 


Drcllnaiion. 


1 

3.3.7  1 
31.9 

m.«. 

34.3 
33.  0 

31.5 
31.3 

33.0 
41.0 

34.0 
37.0 

33.0 
30.1 

34.7 
31.1 

33. 5 

37.5 

3.5.1 
31.3 

3.5.7 
31.0 

33.  0 
24.7 

34.7 
3.5.  C 

20.9 

34. 4 
21.0 


20,0 
10,  3 


30,9 
3f.  0 


34.0 
33.7 


30.7 
30.7 


30. 0 

33.  H 
30.  3 

::::;:: 

37.4 
33.  7 

33.  8 
34. 5 

2-I.  4 
31.  0 

33.  0 

3:1. 0 

38.  1 
30.  0 



a.5  10  40. '.'3 

72  34  20. 08 

58  47  IV.  43 
30  05  00.  73 

,58  01  13,34 
45  .53  .52,  30 

48  49  ,50, 07 

49  84  40,  70 

4110  ,54.  CO 
,5«  35  21, 75 

40  21  43.  01 

48  30  1.7. 2.5 

IW  28  00.85 

41  23  00.30 

30  37  31.00 
07  05  .59. 43 

73  43  00. 93 
84  2G  13. 9« 

CO  49  89  70 

37  15  5.5. 10 

49  49  50.90 
48  23  10.  33 

78  12  4.5. 19 
20  04  22.  44 

70  58  48.08 
I    20  47  511,03 

30  20  27,  30 

50  43  40,  77 

,59  28  00,  07 

38  15  Oil,  00 

40  17  30, 03 
48  43  10,  70 

39  18  1,5.30 
Ii5  411  03.  00 

40  07  4.3. 84 
,57  40  2.1.  73 

13  95  20, 80 
,54   10  40. 54 

.57  43  .5.5.01 
40  Hi  4.1.74 

30  38  (>5.  00 
01  41  43.08 

01  51  19.04 
30  01  .5,-<.03 

43  45  40. 19 
55  33  30.51 

57  07  .30^75 
40  40  48.  30 

38  0!l  90.  45 
,50  45  04.  73 


CoiTfCliolis. 


MiiTimi. 


+  4  30.  03 
+  5  33, 13 
+  4  14,80 

-  5  .3.5. 05 
+  10  38.45 
+  3  48. 90 
+  C  IC.  22 
-(-  0  .59.93 

-  8  8-3.41 

-  0  50.  ,50 

-  4  12.09 

-  C  40,  39 
+  P  28.  IC 

-  3  20.  .50 
+  10  11.70 
+  I  .57.74 

-  0  18.33 
+  4.40.08 

-  1  15.35 
+  1  5,8.  m 

-  3  05.  90 
+  5  Oa.  75 

-  7  45  24 
-I  7  38.  80 
+  4.32.89 


I.rvi-l. 

+  1.24 
+  1.21 
+  1.07 
-0.00 
+  4.04 
-0.72 
j  1.51 
+  .5.09 
+  1..54 
+  l.,51 
-0,33 
+  0.13 
+  1.77 
+  1..54 
+3.00 
-l.,57 
-2,05 
+  4,?1 
-0.20 
-8.03 
—  1.1-3 
+0.S0 
-1.47 
+  1.41 
+0.05 


Ui'lVnr. 

n 
(  0.  09 

10.10 

+0.08 

-0.  00 

-I  0.  10 

+  0.05 

1-0.10 

■  0.10 

-0.  05 

-0.02 

-0.07 


Rwl.  1(1 
iiin-i.!. 


Ln-itiiiU>. 


Roronrkn, 


-0. 13   

■<0.I8    

-0,05  ! 

1 
+  0,18    

+  0.03  ' 

0.00 


+0.11 

-0.02    . 

I 
+  0.03  • 

-0.05  I 

+0.00  ! 

1 
-0,13    

+  0. 13  ! 

+0.08 


O       »  II 

10  01  48.  08 
48.01 
40.  37 
43.  .50 
51.  80 

47.  30 
48.10 
51.  30 
40. 03 
47. 33 
47.81 
47.39 
49.10 
48.01 
40. 20 
40.  .57 
48.19 
5.5.  .38 
48.13 
40. 08 
47,27 
49,08 

48.  .59 

49.  33 
40  01  40. 14 


Allf^MHt   1. 


Rc.iecttMt. 


Ati;;nKt  i 


Kcjrctoil. 


I  m 


I  i 


126  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Obserralions  for  Lniitnile. — Station  Ko.  7 — Continiiod. 


II.  A.  c. 

No. 


1377 

7;iiM 


711(1 
7453 


74?0 

74p|I 


7.V).'i 

7t;o.-i 


70-37 
70Sli 


77.-.,') 
7705 


7i<p'-J 


71ltK 
bOJ4 


eo:io 

tOJ9 


f0iJ3 
HI3i 


P506 
6J73 


8314 
63-J4 


r>IJ93 

6«a 


58.'i3 

sun 


0047 
(1073 


0114 
6157 


020.* 
C-.'S9 


03 IH 
C30.'i 


04: 1 

0470 


(1.153 
OJI^O 


0024 
Clifl 


(.748 


C7H0 
0|<I7 


liea'in^A, 


Micvoni. 


2.1.  4.57 
li  4-.M 


23.  CpI 
18.  GI3 


22.  0X1 
21.21(1 


23.113 
!W.  OJO 


2.5. 200 
17.  705 


10.  8IS 

2.5.  &:o 


18.(133 
27. 081 


31.252 
14. 0!IJ 


10.  183 
23.  707 


17.  340 
27.  438 


30.  377 
14.  132 


2.1.  1.17 
10.300 


2'.  013 
20.  042 


27.  ,540 
14.360 


24. 600 
17.803 


20.  021 
1.5.  715 


14  007 
2.8.  32:1 


18.  838 
24. 140 


13.200 
20.  883 


20.  1.50 
2.1.  253 


21.  8.15 

22.  301 


21.  100 
2.1.210 


20. 72;l 
23.1)18 


Level.      I 

Mcri.l. 

.     (liKt. 


sn.8 

33.4 


2i.  p 
31.  8 


31.0 

30.  8 


31.5 
3.'.  1 


20.  2 

:o.  3 


3il 
31.0 


34.3 
31.7 


2!'.  2 
3-.  5 


31.0 
30.  t; 


28.  0 
32.3 


31.0 
2;l.  5 


2.1. 0 
28.0 


2(1.  4 
27.0 


27.4 
33.0 


20.8 
21.8 


28,  3 
2,«.  5 


20.7 
24.7 


32.0 
27.3 


27.4 
32.7 


32.7 

20.2 


3.'.  5 
25.1 


28.0 
20.  2 


30.0 
20,  d 


32.  8 
28.8  1 


31.7  I   

"■"i 

.10.0  ; 

^••'! 

28.3  i 

32. 2  I . 


I 


25:2! 
32.8  ' 


:10.7  I 

30.0    


30.  0 
31.0  1 


32.8  I 
40.0  ' 


2.5  3  , . 
24.  0  ! . 


20.  fi  i 
27.  0  I 


Dcelinntion. 

0    (      jf 

.VJ  27  .51.74 

:itj  91  SO.  47 

02  0-1  5.1.  37 

30  07  14.  13 

45  .58  .5,5. 38 

52  03  38. 00 

37  .57,10.13 

60  06  13.30 

85  10  47.22 

72  34  30.07 

t'lineetioiis. 


Mioroni.    i  Level.    liefnir 


2,^.0  ' 
22.  7 


20.1 
34.  5 


28.  1 
28.1 


28.  I 
33.  0 


2^.0 
33.  U 


27.4 
32.0 


32. 0 
97.0 


30  05  10.  08 


.52  01  13.  72 
45  53  5i  07 


48  40  .50.  45 
40  24  50.07 


41  10  .5,5.02 
50  25  22.  12 


40  21  43. 37 
48  30  1,5.  (10 


50  28  00.01 
41  23  00.04 


30  37  31.00 
07  05  50.  78 


73  42  07.27 
24  20  13. 23 


00  40  20. 03 
37  15  55.  35 


31  51  ,12.  50 
65  5-.  S5. 30 


40  40  .50.  45 
4s  22  10.  51 


72  12  45  30 
20  04  22.  02 


76  ,58  48. 34 
20  47  50.  21 


30  20  27. 04 
58  4J  47.05 


,50  27  00. 00 
3S  15  07. 17 


4ft  17  30. 20 
48  42  11.01 


33  18  1.5.03 
05  40  03.  30 


40  07  41.14 
57  40  24.00 


I 


-  8  01.34  +0.43 

-  3  1,5. 73  I  4  1.  ■17 
+  0  30. 58  '   -I  1.  70 

-  0  18.84  +0.23 

+  4  38. 09  + 1. 24 

I 

+  5  33.35  +0.29 

+  4  15.14  +0.82 

-  5  30.17  +0.52 
+ 10  37.  53  -r  1.  80 
+  2  48.08  +2.02 
■+  0  1,5.  18  +2.40 
+  10  03.  .17  -3.00 

-  2  18.  88  -2.  40 

-  0  52.05  -.5.00 
+  8  00.00  +0.50 

-  4  14.70  -0,07 

-  0  4.5.20  +2.72 
+  8  20.60  +3.17 

-  3  16  Ml 
+  10  16.50  +0.20 
+    1  .55,  20  i  -0.  4;i 


I  -  0  20.00      -2.30 
j  +  4  44.90  ;  -3.03 


4  I  25  27.  18  '' 
54  40  40.88  j 


.57  42  56,  26 
40  16  44. 07 


-  1  1.5.30 


-r>.  03 


+   1  58.71      +0.30 


Red.  to 
iiieriit. 


-0.14 
-0.06 
+0.01 
-0.01 
+0.  00 
+0.10 
+0.08 
-0.00 
+  0.".0 
+  0.05 
+0. 10 
+0. 19 
-0.05 
-O.OJ 
+  0.14 
-0,07 

-0.13    

+  0.18    

-0.05  ' 

+  0.18    

+0.03  , 

0.00  I 

+0.11 : 

-0.02 : 


+0.03 


I 


+  0.03 


LKiitiiac 

o     '        n 
49  01  48.  ,55 

40.  43 

40.28 

47. 60 

48.  60 

47.  00 
40.24 
40.  02 

48.  00 
,50. 23 
48.40 
40.  03 
48.83 
44.  ,58 
40.33 
45.63 
51.  38 
.52. 22 
47. 36 
,50.  05 
48.54 
46  41 
47.08 
48.  r.9 

40  01  40. 27 


ItemnrkB. 


Kejectod. 
Aiif^at  3. 


i 


UEPOUT  or  TIIIO  CIIIKF  ASTUOXOMKlt. 

ObKervatioiisfar  f.dtitiidc. — Staliait  Xti.  7 — Coiitiuueil. 


127 


B.  A.  L'. 
No. 

Ul'llllillC!). 

IVclinatinn. 

-'lUTD'li 

'IIH. 

I.utitiidr. 

Mkrimi. 

Level. 

Mnrld. 
ili»t. 

Micrum. 

I.I'Vl.l. 
1  0.  7J 

ItlflUC. 

li('(l.t» 
nioiil. 

licniiikn. 

Jf. 

s. 

7ogt 

11)73 

l-.OJ-' 
•J(l.  liirt 

an.o 
;i.i.s 

:i2. 0 

2.-'.0 

m.  f. 

0  1       11 

01  .M   m.  42 
30  01  51).  24 

-i-  5  0.-.  IH 

+  0.0.) 

40  01  4-(.  ."8 

- 

1100 

iiu: 

1(1.  Odii 

21.1 
:i:i.  a 

31.  H 
2.-!.  8 

42  4.-.  4(1.  .'•  1 
55  :i:i  3U,U1 

-  7  40.  77 

fO.OO 

-0.11 

49.51 

1213 
TJ77 

1(1.  417 
•JA  7(1.-. 

2:).  ? 
a4.:i 

nio 
iA  :i 

.17  07  31.  13 
40  40  49.  U5 

•r    1  38. 0:1 

11.24 

1^0.  13 

41).  ail 

7Yr.  Sl'.l."i 

i.v  1^:) 

17.  frl 

:ii.o 

31..-, 
2(i.i) 

3H  Oil  5(1. 1!) 
.11)  45  0.1.  12 

+  4  31.  30 

+  2.78 

(.('•«8 

.10.  1 1 

7:1:7 
M'.W 

27.  071) 

H.ira 

;!0.i 
3:1.0 

:i2. 1 
:iu.  0 

,10  21  54.05 
30  51  ,W.  SI 

-  8  0:1.  c:i 

+0.52 

-  0. 1 1 

411.  03 

141(1 
14,M 

•.'4.77-< 
1:1.  .Vil 

31.0 
:i:l.o 

:i2. 1 
:io.o 

02  0;  .1:1.  70 
30  li7  1 1,  47 

-  3  1.1.2) 

1  0.  08 

-0.  00 

41).  43 

14-!) 

2l.7,-0 
•.11.  |l,l:l 

:iiO 
31.0 

31.3 

;to.4 

02a 

0:) 

45  :<*  .1.1.  75 
.12  03  ;ir.  1 1) 

i   0  :io.  35 

tl.O-( 

,  0.01 

(1.11 

48.  Ihi 

IM).-. 

liu:. 

2  J.  .'.12 
211.  (i:i.-i 

;i>.  1 

31.1 

:io.fl 
:i2  D 

:::::;: 

37  .17  .11).  4'* 
0)  00  1:1.  70 

-  0  18.32 

r-0.  07 

-O.fll 

48.  :i:l 

1)W7 
lOrO 

2'.744 
I.-.  2.1.1 

31.4 

31.  1 

32.  7 

85  10   17.  ,13 
72  34  ;;i).  47 

;    4  38.  84 

■I0.C7 

,  i).  on 

4-(.00 

I7r>ri 

1705 

17.210 
2(1. 227 

;)0.t' 

34.8 

:13.  !> 

:)o.  1 

.IH  47  H.ai 
31)  05  10.  4:1 

t-  5  .13. 1(1 

+  0.,12 

•0. 10 

48.  10 

7S0U 

2.V74I 

31.  rt 

:i3. 3 

:i3. 0 

31.3 

,12  01  14.  10 
45  t3  53, 04 

i    4  14.01 

-iO.20 

,  ('.  08 

48.  M 

7?'!0 

l-'.40'.l 
27.  .'il  1) 

33.  3 
32.  0 

:il.3 
;i.).  3 

48  40  .11).  8  i 
40  21  .10.  44 

-  5  ;io.  39 

fO.21 

-  -.09 

48.88 

7!)f>'-' 

S)-J4 

:il.(lO!< 

1 1.  440 

3.1.  :l 
32.0 

:i.i.  8 
31.:. 

41   1(1  .V..3S 

!     5li  2:i  2.'.  4'.) 

+  10  :i7.80 

+  0. 05 

+  0.  10 

41.01 

fOlfi 

l!l.  2(1(1 
2:1.  71.-1 

j  :io.  rt 
37.1 

:i.1.  (1 

;;::::: 

40  21  4:1.  73 
4j  30  1,1.  DO 

+  2  47. 15 

1.01 

+0.C5 

1 
48.05 

f0?3 

ei'Jt' 

1(1.  :'4'< 
2«.!)77 

32.0 

:i(i.u 

:i4.4 
:i((.  a 

•in  2,S  00, 91 
41  a3  0O,!)(< 

1    +  (1  10.33 

(1.01 

4  0. 10 

49  (11   48.  4J 

Mean  latiliulf  (-1  ileti-niiinalinnB),  41)'  01'  4- 
I    :=  1".228 


n' 


1873. 

ITNITRD  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY 

ObscrratioHsfor  Ltilituth: 

[ARtrnnoniiuil   r      linn  No.  P— about  7  nilliv*  west  ol"  llivii-i"' I'cr*  I,nrt«. 'J;i7  luilff*  wpHt  I'f  Pniibiiin.— OlmiTVrr,  W.  .I.Twiiiilljj, 
Cui'tiiln  I'liili'd  Siuli'»  Kni;lu('i'ra.-/.i'iiltb  I'iiIibo.'IK',  Wiinlniimiiu  -Nii.  •JO.— Clircninim'li'r,  Ni'ijim  Slih'riuil  No  ■'■ri.l 


ICH 


RKPOUT  OF  TIIK  CHIEF  ASTlfON'OMRIf. 

OhHcrrtttiom  for  Latitinlr. — Sliitimi  .\<i.  f* — ('oiitiiiiu'tl. 


125) 


B.  A.C. 

No. 

Iti'luUnKa. 

Drcliuutloii. 

Cilllvitlolm. 

l.nlitiiilo. 

Ki'iiKirUfl, 

Micruiu. 

LoTel. 

Uorld. 
diat. 

Microlll. 

Level. 

ncfmc. 

lint,  to 
ineli.l. 

N.        B. 

14.0111 
2.^441 

30.  n     31.0 
3(1.  3     30.  8 

n. «. 

0     »        n 
.'.0. 2-1  0.->.  50 
41  23  04.93 

+5  20.  5(1 

-0.33 

+0.10 

.1    1        ti 
40  01  01.  .54 

37.^.^0     31.4     .'0.0 
II.  ll-j     211. 5     :iA  0 

30  37  35.  83 
C7  0(1  01.5(1 

+9  11.. M 
-3  12.49 

-0.95 

(('■11 

01.  (13 

Kin 

2i.n.'i.'i '.  30.  n    31. 5 

I4.l'.->1      30.  .'i     31.0 

73  42  11.97 
34  SO  111.  72 

-0.44 

-0.  00 

(11.30 

KM. 
Ill 

II.  3('.'i     30. 0     31.4 
2.1.  !l4li     2!1. 7     3A  0 

00  30  5(1.  34 
37  15  511.  2il 

+7  31.27 
-7  30.  (.7 

—0.83 

+0.  15 

(11.  39 

(1(117 

i;u7:i 

20.  ^'lll     a.-..  3     24..'! 
12.  117     2!*.  U     22.1 

73  19  4-  84 

+1.49 
+0.74 

r0.07 

-0.14 

AuRiist  17. 

0114 
(JCii 

111. -13:.     21.4     2.V!I 
2^).  2ll.'>     27. 11     '-2. 8 

70  58  50. 118 
20  47  .52.  12 

+7  40.  14 
-4  08.  31 

+0. 1(1 
-0.07 

f.ais 

(iliMI 

14.  !-21      2.V  1 
22.  f-ij     25.  f 

2.-I.  n 
2:i.  0 

39  20  30.  39 
.'.f  43  ,'iO.  21 

01.  90 

o,':i:i 
(i>ii 

17.  iiro    24.  .1 
111.  II3II     25. 11 

28. 0 
2(i.  !l 

32  l-i  Ir'.m 
r.5  411  07.  25 

-1   10.40 

-1.(0     -0.02 

01.51 

(i(;si 

(ICfl 

23.010     211.11 
1.1.  434  ,  2:1.  B 

25.  8 
311.  0 

40  07  47.  .'.7 
.57  40  28.  08 

-f  3  ,'..5. 0(1 

-0.98     +0.07 

01.  f8 

(h4h 

tien 

17.  If  11     2.-1  3 
21.22.-1  ,  •.3.0 

1 
17.  !1.'.4     2«.  1 

211.  nil  :  22. 4 

27. 0 
28.0 

211.0 
2!l.  8 

43  95  30.  92 
.54  40  44.94 

.57  43  on.  49 
40  10  47.  84 

-3  0.5.  23 
+  1  09.41 

-I.JO      -0.01 

-1  (13    -|o.oa 

(1  .11 
01.97 

l.illU 

i.V  73.-. 

23.  350 

i?..  7 

24.  0 

20.  4 
2.\  9 

30  O"  1.9.  97 
01  41  47.98 

-3  .5(1.  '.^ 

-1.03 

-0.07 

01.61 

7021 
707;l 

H.IUll 
23.  334 

91.7 
21.  5 

24.  0 
27.0 

01  51  21.  10 
30  02  93.  Ill 

+4  19.70 

-1.20 

+0.08 

03.  18 

71127 
7O0 

21.  l.-,ll 
1(1.  p25 

2.).  5 
27.  2 

24.9 
24. 0 

35  10  51.  15 
72  34  3.-..  70 

4  3  47.  •-■8 

+9.  f  5 

40.08 



01.117 

77.V1 

14.472 
23  545 

24.7 
2!l.  0 

97.1 
34.0 

.W  4;  23.  32 
39  05  U.  f4 

+4  41.  M 
^-3  23.  -.0 

+0.  30 
-0.87 

40.  08 
+0.0(1 

nl   0:1 

77H7 
7p(K) 

lC.i).-0 
23.  41111 

25.  7 
24.8 

20.7 
27.7 

.52  01  1:1.  (h! 
45  .53  .57.  91 

00. 85 

7i'i0 

78!<-J 

1.3.  807 
SO. 35S 

27.  5 
27.  0 

2.1.0 

20.  8 

48  .50  01.  03 

49  24  5.-1.  27 

-n  29.  43 

id.  (10 

-0.11 

01.01 

7!'C'J 

W.  3III 
10. 3115 

211.  0 
2!l.  0 

9-'.0 
20.0 

41  in  59.80 
50  95  37. 44 

+9  47.  Ul 
+1  .57.41 

+0.  3,' 

-1  0.  19 

01.23 

18.  015 
21.  7911 

311.1 
90.7 

i>1.0 
29.0 

49  21  4^.  48 

48  30  30. 08 

+0.  18 

40.13 

03.30 

(■20(1 
8273 

9-.  404 
10.  G5U 

2.*'.  8 

'if.  a 

28.0 
28. 9 

30  37  3(1.14 
07  00  04. 94 

+9  10.08 

-i  0.  09 

f  0. 17 

01.48 

P3H 
K)24 

8341 
(.7 

0114 
0157 

22.  4(15 
10.232 

P.  48.'i 
23.112 

10.917 
25. 015 

28.  5 
27.4 

29.2 
27.0 

29.0 
28.8 

38.9 
30.0 

S.^'.O 
31.5 

9.5.  9 
22.0 

73  43  10.30 
94  911  17.  (Ill 

60  30  5(1.  73 
37  15  59.  .57 

70  J8  51. 14 
20  47  53. 34 

-3  13.  39 
+7  33,84 
+7  39.  14 

-0.1.7 
-P.  74 
+2.  31 

-0.  00 
40.13 
+0  10 

00.  .56 
01.. 38 
03.20 

AllfflIRt  IH. 

l!i<jectt'<l. 

0208 
02HI 

(i.i(i:> 

13. 004 
20. 705 

10.  .VII 
38. 7(^.. 

27.  0 
30. 0 

28.  !l 
27.0 

».7 
-.7.0 

28.1 
29.0 

39  30  30.  .50 
.58  43  .50.  42 

.59  2?  ('4.  4 1 
38  15  10.27 

-4  0".  5: 
f9  21.  fO 

4  0.  07 

-n.47 

-0.07 
+0.17 

01.02 

19  01  (11.93 

N    B- 


111 
liltl 


i.  I 


^!' 


I 


I. 


130 


UNITED  STATES  NORTIIEUN    llOUNnAUY  COMMISSION. 


ObscrvatioHH /or  Latitude. — Station  A'o.  8 — CoiitinuiMl. 


n.  A.  c. 

No. 


0470 


tW3 


ma 

(»i81 


mm 


flcn 


am 

liU-O 


7(I-,N 
7(171) 


7410 


7rAi 

7(ifl.'i 


7037 
7(Jti(l 


7703 


7e:o 

7pS3 


on  I 

0157 


flSC8 
<)3l-l( 


(VII8 
O^IGj 


64-il 
047G 


(■634 
((i«l 


0788 

U74H 


C9H7 
0970 


7024 
7073 


710(1 
7106 


TSI.'i 
7877 


Rvadliiga. 


MIcruDj. 


Levul. 


N.        8. 


7;ian 
■■Yr.  i;:i'.i.i 


la.  050 
ui.  us 

31.  .1 
34.0 

IS.  O-'S 
30.  37i) 

27.  .'1 
31).  3 

5:1.  40.1 

SH.  H 

LVilU  ;  3i<.3 

17.  a'ifl  27.7 

31.  U44  3!l.  4 

17.  '•n.'s  aa  o 

30.077  I  37.1) 

i.'i.  2.'in  2'.i.  1 

33. 804  3'J.  0 

14.  HH4  38.6 

3J.  1!)4  SU.  6 

I 

2:1.  '.13O  37.  1 

1.7.  9(3  ;  HO.  8 

111.  311  M.^ 

18.^44  30.0 


17  0:1:1 
30.  104 


33,  f.  I 
13.3i'7 


13.008 
33.11:1 


14.  Ii:i.'i 
27.  130 


10  877 
•;.•).  740 


1:1  410 
31.444 


ll..'i03 
SO.  700 


IS.rtJ.-. 
20.  73fi 


17.  304 
19.  SS.'i 


SJ.  8  11 
15. 2J.-1 


17.  140 
21.  835 


l.-i.  0-0 
31.  710 


l.'i.  -lOJ 
3:1. 734 


10.  o.i- 
27. 0:15 


13.  00:1 
25. 207 


23.  6;l,^ 
1.-..  533 


30. 0 

;io.  8 


;(0. 0 
:io.7 


31.0 

38  5 


:io.  0 
:io.« 


30.1 

20. 5 


2  >.  :i 
;,o.  1 


28.  7 
88!  8 


39.5 
2.4  9 


20,7 
:io.  U 


:ii.4 
2:1.9 


31.1 
33.4 


31.0 

:h.o 


31.3 
31.1 


:i3. 5 
31.  I 


34.0 
30  .'1 


:i:i,  0 
:)  1. 0 


M«ri<l. 
illal. 


'iM 
;I3.7 


39. 1 
27.8 


8a  7 

30.0 


30.0 

3a  0 


30.  2 

:io.  0 


30.0 
30. 6 


30.0 
20.0 


31.0 

38.1 


38. 9 
30.1 


:io.  1 

30.0 


30.0 
31.0 


31.0 

;i3.4 


31.  5 

:io.  8 


59. « 

::o.u 


30.0 

30.2 


30.  0 
:!0.  3 


,13.9 
31.0 


■M  2 

:i3.1 


31  5 
31  3 


;n.  3 

33.2 


:ii  8 

31.4  i 


3:1.  (i 
:ri.o 


31.0 

3->.  1 


37.0 


31.  I 

3;t.  7 


Doi'llDttlon. 


Cnnrt'tloni. 


Mlorom, 


49  17  39.  84 
48  43  14.  64 


.■12  18  lasi 

05  40  07.  53 


40  07  47.  80 

.'i7  40  38.30 


43  35  31.  I H 

54  40  4.'i.28 


.'.7  4:1  00.  70 
40  10  4a  10 


30  8<  10,  34 
01  41  4a  31 


61  .-il  •:4.  41 

:io  03  (i:i.  :i8 


(13  03  .'.0, 21 
;io  07  It. 05 


45  .1:1  00.  75 
.',3  03  4  I.  ■-'■.' 


:i7  58  04.  00 
6  J  00  10.33 


85  10  51.42 
73  :I4  :io.  10 


.-H  47  2:1.  73 
:19  05  1.5.  IH 


4.^  .5(1  0.5.01 
40  31  .5.-1.04 


70  'H  51.27 
30  47  53.  33 


:io  3(1  :in.  70 

58  1:1  50.  50 


50  38  04.  (iO 
38  15  10.43 


4!l  17  40.03 
48  43  14.81 


:i3  18  la  97 

(5  4'1  07.  75 


40  07  4.<.  CO 
57  4(1  2a  01 


43  25  :il.  40 
51  40  1.5.  .53 


311  •-8  1  '.  47 
01  41  4 '.01 


01  51  21,75 
30  OJ  0 1.  03 


43  45  4.5.  ;):i 
55  33  30. 3(i 


,57  07  30.  ,57 
40  40  53. 50 


.18  00  31.. 55 
50  45  10.  79 


Lcv.l. 


-1 1  04.  51  -0.  51 
-1  11.34  -».m 
-f3  M.99  j  -0.87 

! 

-9  00.  81  I  -0.  33 
-l-l  07.70      -0.00 

-3  .57.17  i  -0.  11 

I 
+4  17.  84     -0. 18 

i 
-4  07.01  '  -0.47 

-0  10.04      -fO.  03 

I 

-1  10.15      -0.07 

-r3  4a  87  ;  +0. 14 


+4  4~8l 
-0  87.  .57 
4-7  41. 3S 
-4  00.00 
f  0  21.  04 
-I- 1  0.5.  10 
-I  10.77 
-f3  .5.5.00 
-8  00.  .50 


-0.87 
-0.  :t3 
-I.  CO 
+0.  04 
-0.70 
-0.  711 
-('.80 
-1.00 
-0.41 


-3  50.  8J  j   -0.80 


+4  IS.  12 
-8  37.48 
+0  47.  83 
-(  3  40. 70 


-1.10 
-0  71 
-1.11 
-0.  18 


lli'd.  In 

Uivllll. 


I.«lltllilr. 


■t-0. 02 
-0.02 
-)  0.  07 
-0.03 
10.02 
-0.07 
+0.08 
-0.07 
-0.01 
-0.03 
(-0.08 
+0.08 
-0.11 
+0. 10 
-0.07 
+0.17 
+0.  08 

-0.03  ' 

+0.07  i 

-0.01  I 

i 
-0.07    

+0.08  I 

-0.15  ! 

+0.1 J 


49  01  01.  3(1 
01.  hO 
03.  17 
01.0:1 
01.. 5; 
01.03 
01.  (.5 
01.. '.:i 
02  85 
01.  II 
03. 38 
01.  47 

03.  ;u 

01.01 
01.  0'.' 


Iti'iimrltii 


+0.00  ' 49  01  01.84 


AUKOHI  10, 


01 

.5(1 

01 

88 

01 

08 

03 

44 

01 

41 

01 

84 

01 

33 

03 

45 

01 

811 

01 

84 

UKI'OllT  OF  TUH  CIIMOK  AHTIfONOMIMf. 

itbHcrmtUtHHj'or  Latitude. — Station  A'o.  H — (!()iitiiiiii)(l. 


i:u 


II.  A.  (,'. 
Nci. 

noadlniiii. 

Di'cllURlliin. 

o      '         " 

•v.i  9r'  on.  n.-. 

M  til  5."i.  0.) 

(W  OJ  .VI,  M 
30  07  111.  iil 

V,  .Ml  OI.O.'i 
5-J  (13  44.  .'lO 

S".  in  .-,1.00 

n  34  30  51 

Cortoctiuni. 

Liitlliiili'. 

ItL'ltlutkM. 

Mlorom. 

LeTol, 

Moiiil. 
d.m. 

tn. «. 

Mirriiin. 

Luvul. 
-o.ni 

-0.51 
-0.  53 
-0.87 

IMnc. 

-II.  Ill 
-0.07 
-0.01 
+0.08 

lil'il.  til 
luul'ill. 

N. 

H. 

vnt 
mil 

7JCII 
74t(!l 

tiw; 

7IJ«U 

88. 1115 
11.040 

X\.  401 

a.v  r>i() 

l!l.  807 
no.  Tillj 

89.  !I!P.-| 

la.  K>:< 

31.7 

aj.3 

3.1  1 
3J.0 

34. ,'. 
33.  U 

33.  U 
34.1 

33. « 

30.  1 

31.  1 

:iii.  3 

31.  1 

3.-I.  8 

m:..  8 

30.  1 

-a  5.'>.  81 

-4  00.70 

-0  in.Bii 

+3  4-.  35 

0    t        n 
4'J  01  01.  ."a 

U9.ll 

09.  47 

4U  01  01.  Oil 

Meiii  Intltwlo  (79  ik'tiTiiiliiulioim),  40"'  01'  01".  03. 
•     =  0".487 
T    --  0".394 
«,  e;  0".fl.-)T4 
1,  =  U".o:i8» 


! 


I 

nu 

I     tm 

1 


111! 


^1 


M 


t-t' 


i  .1 


I  f. 


1878. 

UiJlTED  STATES  NOETDERN  liOUNDAllY. 

Obscrrations  for  Latilwle. 

Astrononiical  Statinn  "Sn.  9— Sinn-  .■  River,  2*1  niiira  wost  nf  IVmliiita.— ObsoiviT.  J.  F.  rrrrpory,  Liontt-nant  Uniteil 
Statt!8  J^ugine.Ts.— Zt^nith  TcU-.  "'pt'.  ^V^llK>ulanIl  No.  *^0.— Clironunn'tir,  Nt'^iiiH  Si(It'rfarNi>.  U?1.J 


B.  A.  C. 

No. 

Kt-adinjie. 

Dfclinatioii. 

ColrtTtidim. 

L^tiliiili". 

0      '      '/ 
H  38  10.  OH 

.Micrcu. 

Level. 

Iferiil. 

lliBt. 

Micrum. 

Lovtl. 

liflVar. 

liieriil. 

Keinarka. 

X. 

S. 

«I47 

got:) 

SO.  ma 
'J.  I.-).-' 

17.  S 

20.3 
28.5 

tn.    «. 

0    '      " 
■  72  12  4-',  IS 
SO  01  24,80 

1     II 
-10  so.  49 

+0. 33 

-a  SI 

" 

.\ii;;i'»t  19. 

GIM 

•ii:i7 

M.4?0 
SI.  1-45 

28.0 
S8.7 

28.1 
28.  S 

70  ,'^8  ,-il.28 
SO  47  ,-i2,  32 

-t-  4  48.  .'0 

^-0.  13 

+0.  I'J 

10,  ,33 

Uv!;9 

1.).  I  J 
SO.  400 

:n..5 
2.'..  2 

25.0 
3.1.0 

39  SO  3:1.  70 
58  43  50,  59 

-  0  ,39, 51 

-f  0  0,1 

-0.  12 

11. Oi 

0318 

l.'i.  Ii;l7 
SO.  SIS 

:i0.4 

29.7 

28.7 
31.0 

:>9S8  04.01 
38  13  10,43 

i-  0  32,80 

4  0.  13 

-f-0.  1 1 

10.  00 

«47(i 

SI.  .Ml 
1MI4S 

S8.3 
3;  1.4 

33.0 
29.3 



49  17  40,  03 
48  42  14,83 

-  1  47.34 

-0.20 

-0.03 

09.  fO 

C36li 

17.  sii;i 
s:i.  7S7 

IIS.  H 
30.1 

30.8 
33.7 



:12  18    8,98 
-.  40  07,70 

-  4  02.  39 

-0.5; 

-0.08 

10.38 

riiij4 

SI.  .'ilS 
ID.HU 

32.  .5 
SO.  I 

31.3 

34.7 

111  07  48.00 
.17  40  2-',  01 

+  1  03.20 

-1.41 

+0.02 

10.08 

0738 

C74ti 

10.  V! 
SI.S.I1 

33.0 
30.0 

31.0 
33.0 

43  S.-i  31.40 
54  40  4.3,  53 

-  1  .38.  0-1 

-0. 33 

-O.O-" 

09,  37 

071-0 

•SS.  '.IIO 
rj.  443 

30.  0 
34.!) 

33.7 
30.0 

.37  43  01,03 
40  10  48. 3 J 

-   1  43.  47 

+0.50 

-0. 03 

11.74 

own 

01)70 

l.-i.  l.-iO 
so.  148 

37.  r. 
SO.  9 

28. 1 
39.3 

30  S8  10,  43 
01  41  48,00 

-  0  48. 29 

-0.85 

-0. 12 

10,2,1 

7034 
7073 

SO.  f.-il 
s:i.  IM 

;io.8 

38.7 

3.x  5 
S8. 3 

01  31  24.  75 
30  OS  OJ.  02 

!    1  25.  42 

fl.87 

+0.0,1    

1 1.  51 

7100 
7H!t' 

ii.;i;ii 
s;i.  ^K1 

34.  3 
31.  4 

32. 0 
30.3 

42  43  45.  33 
,-,3  33  30.  SO 

-11  -M  80 

-1,03 

-0.20    

10.71 

7SI.') 

7477 

17.  41W 
SJ.7I^ 

31.7 
40.8 

3li.  5 
SO.  3 

37  07  30.  57 
40  40  ,33.51 

+  3  ,34.  44 

42.  19 

+0.07    

11.74 

7CJ7 
70^0 

SI.  S^J 
I'.l.  7,10 

S.-*.  2 
SO.  0 

21  C 

3S  1 

25  19  31.(0 
72  34  30.51 

-f  0  57.  44 

-2.  39 

+0.0.'      

09.17 

77.'>,'> 
77C,"i 

io.;i:io 
■.s.  3:)0 

SI.  3 
27.  S 

•  :■.  8 

58  47  S4.  14 
39  03  15.  50 

+  1  31.  40 

-0,85 

+0.03    

10.40 

77r7 
7f00 

31.  i;io 
ss.  OlS 

21.7 
SO.  1 

•'J.  s 

^0. 7 

32  01  19.  70 
43  .33  58.  43 

+  0  33.  f  a 

-1.34 

+O.DI    

11.03 

79IB 
S0'J4 

2:1. 5;u 
IS.  ;i:is 

3S.  3 

21.0 

22. 0 
33.9 

41  17  00.  ,33 
50  S3  28, 20 

4-  0  .'iO.  09 

-0.  83 

+0.  la  

09.  74 

SOIIO 
c03« 

SI.  fSI 
2I.;147 

S7.3 
S7. 2 

27.2 
27. 0 

49  21  49.  SI 
It  30  21. 40 

-  0  ,34.70 

-0.  10 

-o.os   

10.  42 

eos:i 
eiiifl 

IKSOl 

s;i.ii7 

24.8 
28.5 

29,  H 
20. : 

30  28  00, 04 
11  S3  00.07 

1-  S  31,30 

-D.U8 

l-o-'n  I 

19.72 

woo 
8-i7:i 

so.  701 

27.0 
S5.fl 

2f.i 
30.0 

30  37  30,  71 
07  00  0,3.  71 

1    0  19.  .37 

-1.K, 

+0. 12 



48  58  09. 09 

i:w 


HKrOllT  OF  TIJE   CUIEF  ASTHONOJU:!!. 


Obncfvations  for  Latitude. — Stativn  2^'u.  9 — Coiitimiod. 


13:} 


1!    A.  (  . 
No. 

1 

IN'ailiiiiiR. 

Ufclinalinii. 

Corrections. 

Latitodo. 

0      1      -1 
48  58  09.  !I0 

Ki'niar]*R. 

Miortnn 

as.(ii;o 
i4.rou 

l<t'V('l.        [ 

(li»(. 

Micron). 
-    4  30.  40 

Levi  I. 
+2. 13 

Refrac. 

-0.  0(1 

Kfit.lo 
lucriil. 

1 

s. 

4U 

r.7 

1 

ao.  It 
■sxu 

20.7 
8.1.1 

tn.    *. 

0    1      <' 
(10  40  31  ai. 
37  10  00.  -.0 

(11147 
(1117:1 

•  so.  44H 

IS.  ri!i.-> 

'2a  1 

:u.o  ! 

33. 0 
20  7 

;•.  i-«  4i'.'.2 

■.•;  (\  24.  r7 

-10  20,  10 

-0.33 

-0.21  \ 

00.  p5 

Auj;»st '.o. 

n,i4 

(11. -17 

2,V  Ollli 

15.7  1 
17.1 

10.3 
iri.  0 

71 .  .in  .11.53 
80  47  52.  llt^ 

+  4  47.87 

1 
+0.80 

1 
+  0.10  , 

10.  12 

(l.ll- 
C-JHI 

111.  ,';io 
ai.  -03 

10.5 
10.x 

17.8 
13.5 

,19  211  30.  Kl 
.18  4.1  .-Id.  71 

-  7  CO.  73 

+0.75      -0.12 



10.00 

(i:iiH 

(Ulilj 

l(l,0-J4 

ac.  ;i7i 

16.0 
10. 6 

IS'.O 
10.0 

,10  as  04.  70 
3S  I,-.  lO.r.tl 

■f  0  3J.  01 

-1-0.29     40.11   : 

10.07 

CI21 
(H7(l 

aa.  iM.'i 
ao.oiH 

17.0 
10.7 

10.0 
17.3 

40  17  40.  1.'. 
Hi'  4i  1.1.01 

_   1  48.75 

-10.13      -0.03    

0,«.  0.1 

(;r..i;i 

IT.  474 

a4.  o:u 

10.3 
19.5 

lt'.7 
10. 0 

32  18  10.  13 
65  40  07. 07 

-  4  03. 112 

I 
+0.30  {  -0.08    

10.21 

0(1124 
Ofifl 

a!.70.-i 
iO.  COO 

10.3 

ao.5 

10.  7 
19.3 

40  07  4,1.  19 
.I'l  40  VO.  05 

+  1  00.  78 

+0.26  i  -10.08    

00. 08 

10.411.') 
34.494 

ai.o 

10.8 

21.  1 

43  25  31.01 
51  4'J  4.1.  77 

-  4  59.  42 

+0.  .10 

-0.08  ' 

9. 78 

07fO 
(iti|7 

■  aa.  i^.'ia 
80  oao 

10.  a 
aii.n 

21.  9 
If.  5 

57  43  01.30 
4U  1(1  48.  54 

-   1  44.89 

-1  0.  5., 

-0.03 

10.  59 

<in:i7 

B1I70 

15.7115 

ao.  741' 

ai.o 
ao.s 

20. 8 
21.9 

:;:-.:.: 

30  28  10  60 
01  41  4)'.  80 

-  0  49.  1- 

0. 1 0 

-0,  12 

10.  40 

7044 
70711 

10.  (^oa 
aa.  i.:7 

»;.  3 
a3. 5 

22.  .'p 
10.  (1 

.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

01  51  2.1.01 
30  oa  0:1  !-5 

■1-  1  2.1.27 

-1  0.  .0       ■  0  0 1 

10.  2.1 

7100 
710tl 

11.007 
■M.  4T;I 

2-i  ;i 
ai.  0 

21.0 

ai  0 

42  45  41.  .1^ 
55  33  30.  50 

-11  ■J.l.tO 

-i  0  20 

-0.2i 

1 1.  30 

, 

7-41.', 
7i77 

lASl.l 

ai.  Mil 

21.7 

a;i.  5 

22.0 
21.0 

57  07  30.87 
40  40  ,1J  77 

+  3  53.  70 

+0.72 

.  0.  07 

(19.  .-1 

1 

i 

7MI 

7-Vi-.aa!ir. 

ai.4.-.i 
ao.  K.7 

2A  l> 

aa.  n 

22  0 
22.0 



3k  00  31.  HI 
50  45  11.11 

+  0  48.  O.' 

ho.  ,16 

-i  0.  (12 

10.  1! 

73;-. 

ai.iiiii 
la.  u.'Ki 

aa.  3 
ail.  5 

22.  (1 
21.7 

,19  88  on.  08 
38  51  55.  90 

-11  48.00 

1-0,  40 

-0.21 

01  1-5 

7410 

74.-.:i 

ail.  0711 
iruKi 

aiH 
ail.  7 

a  a  5 
■ire 

Oa  02  .10.  90 
36  07  10.  .10 

-  7  00.  CO 

+0.72 

-0.  15 

0:)  5J 

1 

74M 
74SII 

If.  f..-i;i 
ail.  s  10 

a:i.  7 
aa.  0 

a-;.o 

•-J.  5 

45  .10  01.  35 
.18  03  44.  f* 

-  3  l>.7c 

-!  0. 07 

-0,  05 

10, 1 ; 

i 

7iiori 

1M1.')1 

a4.  oo:i 

a  1.7 
ai.  a 

81. 0 

ai.H 

37  58  04.  (17 
00  00  10.  03 

-  4  J3.  13 

1 

1-0.86 

-0,  OT 

09. 00 

! 

7(1J7 
70rfi 

S1..V.1 

an.  Ill 

ai.  5 
a.),  a 

23.3 

2:1. 9 

21  10  51.. 'll 
7a  34  30.  01 

+  0,1.1.01 

-{0.4:1 

+0.  02 

08. »(, 

1 

1 

77ri.-> 
77(1.-. 

lO.fOI 

aa.  vji 

aa  7 
a.->.  a 

21.5 

22. 0 

] ■ 

.18  47  a4.  4  1 
30  05  1.1.  70 

+  1  4,8  70 

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1 
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77H7 
7^0(1 

81  !l;l7 
2A  Tl.'' 

a  1.  (i 
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04.3!  

.12  01  80.  00 
45  53  .18.  78 

-1    0  89  711 

•f  0.  33 

'  -jd.oi 

1 

213    

1              01.51 

7!llW 
«iJi!4 

jr..  H.vi 

l."i.  Ollil 

a.-i.  a 
a  1.0 

81.0  1 

ai.o    

4117  00.  80 
50  ai  88.  .15 

1  +  6  ,1.1.  811 

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+0  12 

11  20 

goilll 
"(O'.l 

a-3.  :iio 
ao.  7110 

31.0 

,  J.".  :i 

27,1    

20.  J  1 

49  21  41  51  ' 

4^  30  21.75  j  -  0  .16.17 

1  0. 71 

-00: 

1:0,91 

1 

COM 
HI  J 

10.  .VI 1 
a:i.  m:i 

'  ai. H 
1  a7. 0 

8.1.3 

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1 

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41  2  J  Mil.  3,i 

1 

j    1    8  31.2(1 

1  1.41 

j    |O.UI 

41  58  l».  4: 

1 


^ 


rf"rn 


III 


134  UNITED  STAXrS  NOllTIlIiHN  IJOUNDAUV  COMMISSION. 

ObncrratioiiM  for  jMtitudc. — Station  No.  9 — Coiitiiiiiod. 


li   A.  C. 
No. 

KondiiigH. 

Pccliii-ltion. 

Corrtctiots. 

Micnm. 

L.v.l. 

Jlcriil. 

>ll8t. 

m.    ». 

Lovcl, 

Kcfrnc, 

U<(1.  II. 
iiicnil. 

L.itit.i.l... 

N. 

83. 0 
24.8 

i 

H300 

2)1.252     a«.S 
Hi.  144     25.3 

;  0  37  37. 02 

111  Oil  or.  08 

1     '1 
+  6  15.  55 

+  1,41 

+0,  18 

O        1        n 

48.58  0,-..  113 

rai4 

25.  P!P3  1  24.  H 
10.0(0  !  Mr'.-.i 

25.  3 
21.9 

73  42  13..',D 
24  211  17.  80 

-  6  Oil.  08 

+  1,90 

1 
-0,  12  ' 

11.  35 

27.  P42  1  SO.  3 
20.  -.eu     25.  4 

24.  5 

2.-|.  8 

OO  40  34.  40 
.  37  16  00. 49 

-  4  40.90 

+  0,40 

-0,06 

Oil,  92 

ISO 
l-.i 

ll.l'.50 
30.  7rO 

25.  0 
27.0 

!6.3 
24.0 

3:!  ,52  ,57.  34 
05  27  01.05 

-11  50.76 

+0.  30 

-0.22 

0,-.  88 

•JID 

23.  .'541 

20.  Ii;i8 

27.  0 
'.,0.  5 

24.  5 

47  35  24.  17 
50  16  32.29 

-)-  2  10. 15 

fl.4l 

+0.  03 

09.  82 

aid 

S5VI 

21*.  2f6 
13.  7i3 

21.5 
33.0 

2!'.  9 
18.5 

CO  25  38.  04 
37  48  42.14 

-  9  01.07 

+2.00 

-0.  10 

10.  Ml 

WYr.   73 
3Vo 

lit.  4>'2 
23. 030 

27.0 
2.5.  U 

24.  5 
20.0 

67  06  03.  SO 
30  43  02.  97 

+  2  34.  34 

+0,29 

+0.  05 

0'.  92 

401 

4116 

27.  542 
15.  3:5 

27.  2 
27!  2 

21.9 
25.  I 

28  04  34.61 
119  36  33.90 

4-  7  33.  54 

+  1.41 

+0.14      

09.  38 

filH 
6157 

16.  727 
24.  528 

21.0 

22.2 
22.0 

76  58  51.  58 
20  47  52.  40 

-\-  4  49.  84 

-0.10 

+  0.10    

11.77 

6XS 

15.413 

lO.  603 

23  4 

2.'.  3 

•XV  3 
23.  0 

:;9  20  30.  84 
58  43  50.  M 

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26.  240 

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31  15  10.  70 

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-0.  49 

t 
+0.11      

10,911 

inai 

21.  740 
18.  829 

2i7 

25.  2 

25.  0 
23.0 

49  17  4".  30 
48  42  1,5.  17 

-  1  48. 10 

-0.  03 

-0.03  ' 

09.  51 

(i.Vi:i 

(JDfeO 

17.  402 
24. 027 

24.0 
21.8 

23.  0 
21.  5 

32  18  19.27 
115  40  0.-,  19 

-  4  02.  ^0 

H-0. 33 

-0.08  j 

11.18 

(iC54 
1.(181 

22.  0(0 
20.  378 

24.  8 
25.9 

25. 0 
24.  H 

in  07  48.  311 
57  411  •£!.  04 

-j-  1  01.75 

+  0.  29 

+0.02 

10.70 

tiTJ8 
U748 

1.').035 
23.!H;5 

2.5. 2 
86.5 

25:  i 

432531.81 
64  40  45  99 

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10.  00 

urn 

28.  542 
10.711 

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a '.2 

27. 2 

22.  8 

,57  43  01.  43 
40  16  49.  73 

-   1  4.5.  18 

+  1.28 

-0,03 

11.115 

e!>;l7 

1.').  310 
8ll.  329 

27.8 
27.3 

2".  6 
•Ji.  3 

30  28  10. 90 
61  41  49.  10 

-  0  49.  40 

,1-05 

-0,12 

11  56 

7nso 

7Yr.2  !W 

21.. '^n 
20.  101 

21.0 
1..3 

10.11 
21.7 

38  (9  32. 05 
.59  45  11.43 

-j-  0  50.01 

-0.46 

+0.  »i 

U.31 

71177 
7.0H 

30.203  i  10.8 
11.248  j  20.3 

20  5 

,59  28  oi.::o 
38  51  ,511.21 

-11  47.00 

-0.  13 

-0.21 

20. 0 

10.  82 

74IU 
7453 

26.514 
15.245 

20.8 
10.  5 

19.  r, 

20.9 

02  02  liO.  22 
3(1  07  19.  75 

-  11  58. 69 

.0..13 

-0. 15 

11.  11 

7480 

74l<(» 

18.115 
23.207 

21.0 
18.3 

10.  t 
21.  'I 

45  ,59  01.72 
,52  03  45,  \n 

-  3  11.43 

-0.  05 

-0. 05 

11.31 

7505 
7605 

IS.  938 
25.  435 

19.5 
20.  0 

20.  9 
21.3 

37  58  04, 93 
110  00  20, 20 

-  4  01.39 

-0,88 

-C.  07 

111.20 

7687 
7I)I«C 

81.379 
19.  870 

20.0 
10. 3 

20. 5 
22.3 



85  19  ,52,  10 
72  34  37, 20 

-(-  0  ,5,5.  84 

-0,85 

+0.  02 

09.  09 

77.'>5 
7765 

19.  430 

22.  309 

20.7 
21.0 

81.0 

20.8 

.58  47  24.78 
39  05  10. 08 

+  1  19,20 

-0.03 

+0.03 

09.03 

77n7 
7fOO 

2        7 
22  J53 

20.7 
21.0 

21.0 
20.8 

52  01  20.  42 
45  53  ,59. 08 

1    0  32,  18 

-0.03 

+0.01 

48  58  11.  PI 

Ilrju  ti'd. 


AiluUHl-41. 


ItEPOKT  OF  TIJE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER. 
Observations  for  Latilude. — Station  No.  9 — Continued. 


135 


I!.  A.  0. 

No. 

Ki*niUnj;H. 

Microni. 

Lowl. 

M.rid. 

L'LSt. 

m.  «. 


N. 

S. 

7ncn 

i:i.503 

Sti.  am 

21.0 
20. 2 

20.  fl 
.22.0 

70(1? 

26.  777 

i:i.  r>!i4 

21.  P 
20.0 

20.  fl 
22.  0 

pom; 
bO.Vl 

ai.  7r;i 

20.7 
22.0 

22.0 

20.  f 

'*!.  i;.-)7 

20.8 

21.  r< 

22.0 
20.  B 

&!7;i 

sr..:iii 

lU.  14.-) 

21.0 
20.7 

2',.0 
21.1 

P3I4 

Q.'S.  PH.I 

iti.  m:i 

20.7 
21.0 

21.1 

20.  8 

•tr. 

07 

84.  H.ln 
17.315 

20.  3 
22.  (i 

22.  r, 
20.  G 

1M 

n,-. 

11.  mn 

30.(170 

22.0 
21.  li 

21.2 

22.0 

108 

sin 

21.  'JH3 
l!l.  7J!» 

22.0 
21.0 

21.7 
22.  0 

am 

2".  laia 

14.  173 

21.fi 
23.  ,5 

22.0 
21.2 

13Tr.  73 
345 

l!1.0,'i3 
23. 243 

21.7 
21.1 

22.  3 
21.  0 

4111 

43r( 

27  372 
13.119 

21.0 
23.  0 

'.'  1.  0 
22.0 

Doclinution. 


Mil-rum. 


48  .'lO  Oil  00 

40  21  .Ml.  U.-i  I  .-  fl  20.  54 

41  17  Ol.lfi 

50  2.">  2»<.  00  1  +  0  ,Vi.  411 

40  21  40.  ff>  i 

48  30  22.  Oil      -  0  ir>.  77 

I 
50  2^1  07.  35  < 

41  2.3  011.08  j  +  2  33.74 


,30  37  37. 28 


07  00  10.60    +  c  iae2 

-  C  05.  30 


73  42  13.  85 
24  20  18.04 


00  40  34.  83 
37  10  00.  70 


4  30.  00 


32  .W  57.  00  I 

05  27  01.07  i  -II  47.77 

47  35  24.51  ! 

5..  10  32..V.1  :  -I-  2  10.03 

I 
on  25  38.  40 
37  4H  42.41  '  -  fl  50.44 

I 
07  OB  03.  81  ! 
30  45  03. 22      +  2  3.5. 08 

28  01  .14.81 

CO  30  31.18     4    7  3.5.25 


I,cv,-1.    It  fnic. 


RimI.  to 
meriil 


-0.  52 
-0.  .52 
-0.03 
-0.  10 
-0.  10 
-0.07 
-0.07 
-to.  13 
-0.  03 
•i-0.  311 
-0.  82 
-0.03 


Lntituilc 


-0. 10  j 

+0. 12  ! 

-0.0.! 

t 
+0.04  ; 


//  O         I         II 

48  58  10.  10 


-fO.  18  ' 

-0.12  I 

-0.00  L 

I 
-0.25  1 


+0.03 
-0.  10 
-1-0.05 
+0.  14 


10.  12 
10.  15 
10.  04 
10.  K, 

10.  45 

07.  -.  1 

11.  OJ 
00.  48 
II.  I!l 

08.  43 
43  58  01. 87 


Krnuu'kH. 


K.Jrrtcil. 


Menu  lalitiulu  (80  ili'tiTiliiinilioiia),  48^  58'  lOVJO. 
t  _   J:  0".e721 
r  -      *_   0".  5882. 
e„=  i  0".0974. 
T„—   i  0".  0058. 


!i 


fl' 


u\>^\"»\i^ 


0? 


I  '  i 

I 


18  7  3. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIERN  DOUNDAUV. 

Obncrvatioiiii  for  Latitmk. 

( Astrnuoinical  StatiiiM  Xo.  I')— Mitl  Cotoaii,  Itl-J  iiiili'H  wrHt  of  rtMn!)inii. — OlixtTvor,.!.  F.  (jroptry,  Lit'iitiMiaiit  I'liititl  Slulo.-i 
Kii{;int.'i*r8 — Zf  liiih  Trlcscnpt*,  WiinU'lnauli  Nu.  'JO.— I'lironoiiH  tt-r,  N»  ;^iih  Siilrn-ul  No.  14rl.J 


11 

A.U. 
Nu. 

ItcoilluKa. 

Dci'linatiou. 

Correi'tioiiN. 

Latitmle. 

lU'iiinrliS. 

Microlii. 

15.  501 

•Jl.  1107 

N. 

el. 
S. 

liinl. 

MiLTom. 

Ltvul. 

KilVao. 

Kill,  lo 
nii-fiii. 

1787 
7sOO 

a.'i.  5 

•MO 

a--.o 

'Jll.  5 

m 



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5  J  01  -J.-lOO 
l."i  51  03.33 

-H  3  01).  (15 

-0.30 

1  0.  05 

O      '           II 

19  00  13.  91 

Sfpti'iubor  4. 

7l'20 

7S80 

IS.  ten 
•JO.  110 

so.  5 
1!7.7 

8S.  0 
■it  3 

IS  .'0  10.  5-. 
40  '.S  01.  'Jl 

-  0  50.  85 

-  0.-J5 

-0.  18 

15.  '87 

mu 

10.  I(i> 

•JO.  0 

so.o 

80.0 
■J!l.  S 

11  17  0.-1.3S 
.'0  85  33.  SI 

1    9  21.01 

-0.  is 

i  0. 17 



44.  80 

(•o:in 

8U5» 

17.  3i\ 

ao.  :!uo 

•J5  S 
.11.0 

30. 0 
84.0 

4;P  81  .'i4.  47 

IS  ;:o  '.o.  04 

+   1  34.  •JO 

(0.09 

rOOJ 

15.  .".5 

8l!i8 

14.  >•:« 

31.  UI'J 

27.0 

as.  5 

as.  0 
87  a 

.iO  as  18. 81 
41  -IS  10  91 

+  5  03.01 

-0.U7 

+  0.09 

11. 1,1 

i-aod 

87.  TOO 
10.  581 

:u.o 

•JO.  0 

85.  3 
31.1 

;:o  37  40.  s7 

01  00  11.50 

+  0  18.34 

fO.  14 

+  0.17 

44.73 

a-A  175 

15.  SSI 

•JO.  0 
•JV.O 

as.  0 

30.  1 

73  IJ  1S.9S 
81  •JO  31.  10 

-  3  33.  SI 

-0. 17 

-0.  07 

45  78 

46 
(i7 

21.  3W) 

17.  aoj 

.10.8 
•J7.0 

•JS.  0 
31.  0 

i;o.  Ill  3*.  OS 

37  10  04.  51 

-  8  09.  51 

-0.  40 

-0.03 

4... 

K.-joctfil. 

la) 

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9. 7a) 

S7.  7J4 

30.  ;t 

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05  87  00. 04 

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aw 

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la.  477 

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a:,  a 

00  85  42. 94 

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1  0.  48 

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dr. 

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13.  .WS 
i\.  lOil 

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811.  7 
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07  o;  oaai 

3  1  45  00.  47 

f   5  00.  19 

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+  0.  M, 

43.  05 

401 
418 

2S.  7li!! 
».  «10 

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80.  7 
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a-i  01  37.87 
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aa.  1 

81.  0 
81.3 

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4S  48  17.  70 

1-  0  43. 75 

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40  07  51.01 
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43  •J5  3I.S-J 
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41.  58 

aim 

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19.  riflii 
ao.  Sfii 

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ai.  9 

21  9 
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51  43  0.'>.  09 
10  10  51.80 

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43.97 

0970 

10.  l.'.l 
84.510 

23.  0 

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81.  S 

aj.  5 

no  as  14. 03 

fll  41  5.1.  Jj 

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4 1.  59 

70-M 
707a 

17.001 

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21.3 

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44.  11 

7100 
71011 

11,  MO 
2A 1140 

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48  45  49.  51 
55  33  41.  10 

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40  4U  57. 80 

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19  00  41.^4 

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% 


REPORT  OV  THE  (  HfEE  A8TRONOMEH. 

O.'tHcrvatidm  /or  l,iili>iuh\ — Stulitii  A'n.  \Vi — ("oiitiniud. 


Kfiiiliiit;R. 


H.  A.  C. 

Nc, 


7.y,-.ii:iU.-. 
7W 

74H 

■•rsi 

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74*'.! 

75ri.-i 
76113 

7687 

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7!in-J 
80^4 

80:16 
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iiiw  ! 

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tin 

B7 


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am 
aiii ' 

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Gr.ia.Yr.  7:t  ! 
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5  4tt)  I 

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nul 


IVticrou) 


744 


l)itS 


10117 


li'vrl. 


I  Mtrlil. 
di»t. 


23.  th- 

10.  9IU 

11.  ni 

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1.1.  f.i 

in.  MS 
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Irl.  H-l 

il.  HI.8 

U.l.  480 

10.  eni  ! 

55.  )'J5 
3:1.  S(.0  I 

ii.aiu  I 
la  41';  1 

2I.47'J 

w  .1:11 

as.  M» 

ii.j;5 

ai.  i;r 
10.  IS'J 

16.  .1.1,1 
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58. i;e 
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10.  .'.lO 

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14  SI4<.I 

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a:..wi,-> 

10. 4<;i 

1 1. 1:17 
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23.  la; 

M.  D4;i 

111.07:1 
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24  ti?2 
111.112 

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20.3     21,  t.  1. 
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25. 0  I  23.  £■ 

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13  2 
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17,  f-  111,  0 

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20.7  18,3 


Di'oIinHiioii. 


I'tM  fC'Ctlor.s. 


3H  Oil  M.  f  0 
5!>  43  10.  12 


rO  29  0<i.03 
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02  01  0.1.  12 
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4,1  5rr  06.  02 
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37  .18  on.  .13 
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23  10  .15,  30 
72  31  42.  70 


5-^  47  20.05 
30  05  20.31 


41  17  CO.  ir> 
50  25  34.  1 1 


40  21  54.  IS 
48  36  SO.  Oj 


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10.1 
20. 0 

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10.0 

21.  .I 
18.2 

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10.  8      10.  3  1 
111,7  ■  10.5  I 

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21.7 


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20,  0 
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21,0  I  III.  3 
10  7     21.0 


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I 

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■i  3  54.  84  I  +0.  47 
f   4  21,  00  !  -2.  70 


+  9  23. 40 
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73  42  13.  .10 
24  20  21.  40 

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32  .M01.4I 
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60  25  43  20 
37  48  40.  36 

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28  01  38  10 
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60  40  47,  47 
31   13  57,  30 

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78  54  43,  01 

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72  54  4.1  111 

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I 

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lU'Crilc, 


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4 1.  5ii 
44.  51 
43.07 
44,  72 
44.41 
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43.  40 

44.  30 


44.  4  1 

41.05 

43.70 

41.76 

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138 


UNITED  STATES  KOltTUiCUN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Olmcrralionii  for  Jjutitiidv. — 'Sta(ii>ii  No.  10 — Coiitiuucd. 


i 

li.  A.C. 
Ku. 

Ucniliiigs. 

I>L-i-:inatioii. 

Corrections. 

Lntitiiilr. 

I5oiiinrkB. 

Mir'.uiii. 

Level. 

JI  nil 
iliat. 

I.I'VOI.      Uvfl.lP. 

ISimI.  In 
III)  1  ill. 

N. 

S. 

1 

am 

21.  0111 
Hi.  Xil 

SS.1 
20.0 

IK  4 
20.  0 

m.  «. 

0    /      " 
(12  41  4'i.81 

3.')  a.'i  3  J.  13 

-  2  64  00 

+  0.(;2      -0.05 

0    (      1' 
49  00  45.  98 

•;;il777  1  I'l.O 
•Si.  Wl     -i-i.  0 

81.7 

.')0  00  15.71 
4S  0.1  03. 08 

-   1  54.:i7 

-1  0.  10  ■  -0.  03 

4.1.  01 

U4-J1 

111.  273 
au.  K-i 

17.  (i 
17.0 

18.0 
10.  1 

40  17  42.  ^^ 
4.-J  4J  17.  82 

+  0  41.00 

-0..10  1  hO.  01 

41.81 

Sopteinbrr  6. 

IS.  3 17 
21.  212 

lo.ri 

17.  fi 

17.0 
10.  S 

33  IS  21.. VI 
(>3  4(i  11.4J 

-   1  ;i2.03 

40.11      -0.0:1 

41.  .15 

mm 

2:1.  c4;i 
Hi.  974 

10.7 
1  .4 

17  2 

SU.  2 

10  07  .11.  14 
.17  411  32.  48 

+  3  33.  10 

-0.07       (0.00 

41.00 

17.  ciri 
2i:M;i 

10.0 
10.  0 

10.2 
10.2 

4:?  2.1  34.  07 
.14  40  40.  .10 

-  2  27.  07 

1 
-0.09      -0.04 

45.03 

1S1.8M 
2ii.  7f0 

1^.0 
20.0 

20.  n 
10. 0 

r.7  4:1  0.1.  28 
40  10  .11.  DO 

+  0  47.  04 

-0..T3     HO.  02 

4.1.  35 

(ili:>7 

21.  1.12 

2".  0 

30.  .•; 

10.  f) 
10.4 

3fi  38  14.  18 
(il  41  .13.4; 

-  4  ia.18 

+  0.3:1 

-0.08 

4.1.  53 

70JI 
70T3 

Ifi.  il22 
24  04J 

30.  0 
10.  2 

20.0 
21.0 

(il  .11  20. -B 
3li  OJ  07.  .Ill 

4    :l  57.  05 

-0. 40 

+  0.07 

4.1.  ;i8 

7100 
7100 

ll.:iJ7 

2".  717 

20..^ 
30.  0 

10.7 
20.  (i 

43  41  49  71 
.1.1  33  41.:i4 

—  8  .10. 17 

+0.01  1  -0.10 

4.-.  04 

Kijocliil. 

TJI,. 
TJ7T 

14.010 
211.  311.-. 

20. 2 
211.0 

CO  a 
21.0 

.17  07  41.80 
40  40  O'.OU 

+  t;  24.31 

-0.23 

+  0.11 

41. 13 

7-Tr.!U',IJ 

3:1.1111 
10.  (.71 

CO.  r. 

22. 11 

30,4 
10.  0 

38  00  31i.  00 
50  4.1  10.38 

.|    3  17.05 

+aoo 

+-l'.05 

44.58 

7:177 
7;iOH 

2;l.  171 
11.210 

10.  8 

22. 0 
19.0 

.19  2S  0(1.  .32 
;|K  52  00.  34 

-  9  17.2.1 

1  0.  11  i  -0.  l(i 

40.06 

741fi 
7J.i:l 

24. 3!I7 
1  j.  7i:i 

23.  1 
20.7 

20.0 
21.7 

03  03  (1.1.  40 
30  0;  2.1.77 

-  120.41 

1 
+0.35  1  -0.08 

4.-..  31 

74i'(l 
71p9 

30.  0(i!) 
21.4P0 

33  1 
21. 2 

20.3 
81.8 

41  .10  Ofi.20 
5;  03  .10.11 

-  0  44. 1 ; 

-r0.40     -0.02 

44.45 

7.V1,') 
7l>0."i 

21.  (iSU 

a.-..  1 

Ik.  .'1 

17.3 
26.  1 

37  .Ik  00.  12 
60  0(1  aj.Mi 

-  1  3:1.31 

+  0.27      -0.01 



41.40 

7fi;7 
-ti-li 

3:1.  4Sli 

Hi.  i-90 

nil 

9J.4 

21.2 

95  10  is,ra 

78  31  43.0 J 

+   3  34. 0.i 

,  0. 1-  ,  +0. 07 

44.19 

nr,:, 

77U-. 

10.01(1 

34.  acfi 

31  n 
83.  a 

.18  47  30.2.1 
31)'  11 J  20. 5.1 

^    4  19.70 

-0. n  ]  -.0.0^ 



45.  13 

7787 
780J 

17.  210 
2:1.  U(iH 

23.  1 
23.0 

22.8 



.12  01  2.1.  CJl 
4.1  54  03. 07 

,    '.  01.20 

+0.  OJ  j  +0. 05 



40.  15 

inn 

1:1  07:1 
27.  312 

24.0 

21.  H 

21.0 
24.2 

48  50  11.1:1 
40  85  IM.  81 

-  0  .10.74 

+».  14 

-n.u 

49.  70 

8aj4 

2!l  437 
11.2X1 

as.  7  :  81.  7 
23(1     83.3 

0  5 

41  17  111  01 
5li  25  31.41 

.    0  21.01 

-0.  10     +0. 17 

-fOOl 

44.70 

POSil 
C05I 

.  18.  Ml 
21.  .W7 

83.1   :  21.  n 
ai.  1  1  23.0 

40  ia  S-.  r.7 

48  ai  S7.35 

t  I  3l.»i 

! 

-0.20      +3.0! 

4  .71 

8128 

i.'i.r:- 

2.Vfli,-| 

83  3 
8:1  0 

91.4 
31  0 

.10  38  12  0(1 
41  31  11.40 

+   .1  lis.  4U 

—''.3.1 

■  ('.  0 1 

41  00  44.41 

Mi-an  "t  ..l.ilum  lOOili'ti'iitiUciliiiimi.  10-  III;  44" 
<..  =  ±  0".078;i 

T-  =  i  0"  1.175 
^=  i  o"i»-:i.i 
T,  ■=!    I   (r, 11.103 


18  7 ;} . 

UNITKD  STATES  KOUTIIEKN  IJOUNDAUV. 

Obscrrationn  for  Latituilr. 

I  AHtniiiuiuical  Station  No.  II    llu'I.v  Siirinji.  nc:i  niilfn  wrf»t  of  ri'mltina.— olisorver,  .r.  !•'.  (^ rt'tinrv.  Unitt-il  Sialt'H  Kti;:iiu'orrt.— 
/I'llilli  'IVleBcopi',  Wurclfltuwiu  No.  20.— Clirononicti'r,  N>^llH  .SiilM'rnl  No.  H.-'l.J 


n.  A .  >.'. 
Nj. 


e!t:i7 
(i!i:o 


1031 


1110 


Wl.'i 
7477 


7:i-.'o 
:.Yr.  Si'.i.'i 


7.'77 
7;i'.tH 


74  Hi 


Itt'ailIn;;R. 


74H0 
Hell 


7f.!7 


77ti:i 


78^0 


7!*Jfl 

"es-J 


7Dli'J 

eon 


eojii 


81v!K 


fi(lv!4 
tilMl 


6;4J 


67H0 

08  7 


6'W7 
tl!l70 


111.  :i-o 

'H.  I  (14 


i(;.2iii 

;.'4.  i;o 


11.M7 

a-.  :i.>i) 


Hi.  3!l'.l 


iii  4ni 
ir..  :i;)t! 


2:'.  (yi 
1 1. 4:is 


2:1.  i-oi 
l.i.  Mil 


III.  f  22 

20  2(111 


2;t.  ?ii4 
II).  321 


l.M.M 
24.  j:io 


1  r.  4:'0 
2:i.ntii 


II.  :io<j 

20.  B22 


2').  4l."i 
10  SlIO 


i8.nra 

21.77,-' 


l.-i.  .'.71 
2(:.  U22 


28f.in  ' 

10.  !)lf  ' 


Lt'vcl. 


l.-i.  3 
17.0 


I-'.  A 
14.5 


17.1 
l."i.  5 


17.1 
10.  8 


20.  0 

M.;i 


10.  :i 
iri.;t 


21  0 
14.  :i 


in.  I 

17.0 


2:1.  n 
M.  1 


H.  0 
If.  7 


!H.:i 

itf.a 


17.0 
20.0 


20.  r> 

l!).0 


17.7 
20.  S 


in.  8 

17.U 


17.0 

111.  r> 


21,7711 1  n.o 
i;.a:i7  |  20.:) 


i-"  0.1-1 1  le  0 

2,',0«i  I  U,0 


l-',3;o     i."i  :i  : 
2^1.  tiJT    1.1  :i 


in.  10.1    17  :i 
21.  -cm      17.  7 


17.0 
1.1.3 

14.0 
18.0 

1.1.  4 
17.  (i 

10.1 
18.0 

II.  I 
21.1 

17.0 
21.0 

1.1.  ;i 
22.  a 

17.7 
•20.5 

14.4 

23.7 

20.1 
la.  4 

in.  7 
10.5 

20.7 

l.-<.9 

17.7 
18.0 

I  19.  I 
I  10.0 

i  ..  , 
I   11,1 

18.(1 

I    18.(1 

I  10.0 

16.7 
10.0 

14.2 

mc 

1.1  2 

10.  U  j 

It!  1 


Moild. 
(liat. 


OirructioDR. 


Miirroni. 


Of         n 
;i(I  27  7.1.  73 
01  41  55.  41 

(11  51  31.  m 
M  02  Oil.  17 

42  45  51.  51 
.15  33  43.  411 

,17  07  43.  m 

40  40  50.  U6 

38  09  37. 80 
5!)  45  18. 70 

5n  98  08.74 

38  ,12  0-2.28 

69  03  07. 98 

3C  07  25. 08 

45  58  08.  48 
52  03  .1-2.  49 

2.1  III  56.  no 

72  34  45. 95 

58  47  3a  ai 

39  05  22. 73 

.12  01  2-'.a2 
45  .14  0(1.41 

(8  50  1:1.01 
49  23  04.  35 

41  17  0-1.  -23 
56  25  37.  20 

49  al  57.  (17 
48  38  211.  ^2 

.W  iS  15.(17 

41  ai  13.81 


-  3  50.  49  -0.  02 
+  4  17.71  +0.20 

-  8  30.  70  -0.  CIO 
+  0  47.  79  -0.  (14 
+  3  41. '.4  -0.42 

-  8  5.1.  n-  -0.  70 

-  4  06.85  -0.51 

-  0  19  SO  -0.  47 
-!  3  47.74  -0.32 
+  t  41.70  -0.62 

1-  3  23.2(1  ~0,  .18 

-  6  2.8,  25  -0  5- 
-I  9  4.1.02  -10.85 
+  1  54.34  +0,6i 

•f  5  24.  '27      -0.  -20 

30  :i7   13,  28 

07  0(i  15.  17  [  4-  9  0:1.87      -0.91 

4'1  0;  .1-3.  45  I 

57  4.1  31.15     +  3  53. 9 j  ,    f  1.17 

41  85  36.  .12  ' 

,11  40  51.311  ,  -  3  01.  .10     -0.1,- 

I 
57  43  or  14  I  i 

4  1  111  ;,.!.  .16     +  1  09.  7ii  ' 

*14I  5  ,01      -  3  .7.17     +0.41 


Level. 


R^f-«-'^;;:^i;;: 


-0.07  I 
+0. 08 

! 

-0.15 

+0.  12 

I 
+0. 0(1 

1 

-0. 16  I 
-0.07 
-0.  01 
40.08 
+0. 0- 

,;o.  00 

-0.11 
+0.  17 
•10.03 

4  0. 10 

+0.17 
+0  07 
-0.  03 


I 


I,.atiluik' 


49  01  09.02 

08.  49 
10,  ,14 

09,  85 
09.  ril 
09.  ,12 
09.  37 
10.80 
09.  07 
09.00 
10.05 
10.04 
08.  7(1 


Koninrks. 


SeptembtTM. 


(!8 

71 

6-1, 

91 

08. 

31! 

11- 

Id 

09 

37 

0" 

97 

49  0 

O'l 

III 

S(  pti  iiiUi  I 


i:Jl» 


■  i  ■ 


\  Mf 


!ii 


1 


.1) 


140 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIKUN  IJOrNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


Ohscrvtttiona  for  Latitude. — station  Xo.  11 — Coiitimietl. 


It.  A.C. 
No. 

Kt'itilln^H. 

C'»iirr('tioi;8. 

LilllliuUi. 

0       .          " 

40  01  oii.5;i 

licmarka. 

MU'K.lli 

1.5.743 
84.  ot>:i 

N. 

n.o 

18.  H 

el. 
S. 

17.4 
1.-..7 

M.rlil. , 
cliat. 

Ucoliimtiou. 

Micnim. 

+  4  18.  1.- 

Level. 

-;  0.  CO 

Ki'fiiu- 
-111.  (8 

li.ll.l" 

iiit'iiil. 

7034 

•.or.t 

fli.  H. 

0   .      ./ 
(il  51  32.00 
30  02  (Jll.  34 

71011 

la.  i!io 

•M  8ra 

111.0 
10.  4 

1;..  n 

18.0 

42  45  51.72 

55  33  43.70 

-  R  37. 73 

•t  0.  07 

-0.  15 

10.50 

7-Jl.-. 

7a" 

i3.:i4H 
aii.  401 

IT  2 

lt<.  1 

17.0 

10.  5 

.^7  07  44.84 

40  41  CO.  18 

-1^  0  4.:-.  00 

■i  0.  411 

■10.  12 

07.  ";i 

7;Nn 
7.Yr.  'Jlliij 

9:1.  ifit 
10.  iia 

in.  0 
111.  0 

1(1.3 
17.0 

38  on  38.0S 

M  44  70.03 

+  3  39.  40 

^  1  05 

-1  0.  Oli 

on.  07 

7a:7 

73118 

an.  0'  5 
11.71:1 

17.7 
•.0.  3 

18.5 
1.-..  7 

;,<t  37  00.03 

38  51  ca.ta 

-  8  50. 53 

-i0.^5 

-0  10 

oi'.n.i 

74  Hi 

74:.;) 

S3.!li;i 
l.'i.  (-lU 

■:o.  4 

18.0 

10.0 

1.8.  3 

ca  OS  C8.S1 

Si)u7'.5.Ul 

-  4  08.  87 

-HI.  Ill 

-0.07 

on.  03 

74HII 
74S!1 

ao.nji 
ao.  141 

11'.  1 

111.  8 

17.5 
17.0 



45  .'.0  08  74 
52  03  52.  78 

-  0  22.34 

-1  0.  IV 

-0.01 

00.  311 

7(87 
7(it6 

uj.eii 
16. 020 

10.1 
18.9 

1H.8 
11).  1 

85  m  57.24 
7a  34  40. 28 

+  3  40.  8- 

i  0.  10 

■f0.08 

08.87 

775,". 
77C5 

io.a.".7 

as.  2114 

111.  5 
111.0 

10.0 
111.  5 

."S  47  33.  8!) 
30  05  83.  00 

+  4  40.  40 

0.  0') 

-1  0.  0.' 

08.  o:t 

77rt 
7600 

17. oao 

33.  53a 

111.7 
111.0 

18.8 
111.  4 



58  00  88.  55 
45  54  00.  72 

+  3  82.05 

.(  0.  1 1 

■f  0.  00 

0:1. 1-5 

78i!0 

7  SSI! 

14.  f  411 
'J7.  4:0 

n.a 
23.  a 

ai.  0 
10. 0 

48  50  13.  02 
40  24  i;4.  t8 

-  6  30.  :iO 

i-O.  71; 

-('.  1 1 

00.  r.o 

71103 

ton 

an.  770 
lo.njc 

so.n 
ai.ii 

20.0 

18.7 

41  17  08.  .'.3 
50  25  37. 50 

+  n  44.31 

-;-0.  71 

-1-0.  17 

08.84 

eoM 

ip.7.-.a 
sa.  4.-.7 

37.0 

03.  0 

03.3 
37.0 

40  81  .V.OO 
48  30  50.  15 

+  1  54  !Ui 

-f  0.  07 

-1  0.  03 

on.  13 

f085 

I4.e.-.i 
as.  au4 

aa.  0 

1:1.  8 

18.4 
21.  0 



.'.0  28  10.  C3 
41  83  14.11 

1 
+  5  23.  00     -i-O.  53 

+0. 10 

O,-.  711 

pi:or. 

as  ton 

11.141 

21.0 

aa.  0 

20.0 
111.5 

30  .37  43.51 

07  00  15.  67 

+  B  07.01  :  +0.78 

+0.17 

08.42 

e:ii4 
am 

aa.  077 

10.  100 

21.7 

81.  0 

20.  0 
80.  3 

73  42  23.  10 
84  811  2.1.  51 

-  3  14.  5; 

T0..53 

-0.07 

on.  22 

40 
07 

Ea  112 

84.  504 

21.0 
82.0 

20.7 
10.5 

00  40  40.  07 
37  10  07.  .55 

-  1  50.00 

J-0.  02 

-0.03 

08.81 

120 
175 

11.04.^ 

88.  407 

20.  3 
83.  0 

21.0 
111.  0 



:'2  53  I13.  88 
05  27  10.  52 

-  8  5.^.  70 

■1-0.  74 

-0. ,; 

on.  07 

ine 
ai!) 

a."..  207 
1.'..  02.-. 

20  a 

23.  (1 

CO.  1 

18.  1 



47  35  31.07 
50  lli  40.21 

+  5  00.41      -t-l.U 

-Fo.  08 

07. 00 

2:t!) 

!!50 

20.  oai 

14.110 

21.  5 
21.8 

20.0 
13.0 

CO  25  40. 05 
37  48  48. 00 

1 
-  0  00.  ,57    -i  0.  in; 

-0.  10 

on.  10 

(. 

r.  la-Yr.  73 
345 

14.  l^.-ll 
25.400 

21.4 
III.  7 

10.  0 
81.0 

07  oii  u.ns 

30  44  08.00 

+  5  27.  34       1  0.  25 

-10.  10 

08.  10 

474 

41-7 
.V,.-j 
500 

14.  m^ 

111.2211 
111.  1^1 

a.5.  nei 

a.-..  5 

8,5.  5 
IT.O 
10.  t 

1.-..  1 
1\  I 

23.  8 
23.  8 

48  04  31.  Ill 
47  ,V)  11.  4H 
.50  03  111.57 
50  00  r.7.  04 

+  0  01.40     -(0.80 
-  0  00. 78     +0.  70 

0.  00 
-0. 10 

08.  82 
00.211 

(111 

05tJ 

83.013 
10.  843 

10  0 

s:i.o 

17:7 

03  40  30. 27 
34  23  111.81 

-  3  48. 07  1  +n.  .'.8 

-0.07 

09.  58 

744 
7.V3 

CO.  401 
111.  000 

81.0 

211.  a 

20.  0 
80.  li 

00  411  40.  52 
31  13  r,o.  11 

-  0  4.5. 3:1       1  0.  1 1 

-O.OJ 

49  01  09. 19 

]{KP()ItT  OF  TFTl':  CniKF  ASTHONOMHH. 


141 


Observttt'wm for  Liitituilv.—Statiint  Xo.  11 — (Joiitiniicil. 


liraillngs. 

CnrrucHotin. 

II.  A.C. 
No. 

MIcTOUI. 

Level. 

Morld. 
diat. 

m.  t. 

I>CClIlli)ti0I). 

MuToni. 

l.iVil. 

i0..11 

l',.l...,.    It'll,  to 

Lulilll'lr. 

0     '        '/ 
49  01  08.95 

UiMiinrkH. 

N. 

S. 

10.4 
20.5 

800 

II.  mm 
;io.  i.-io 

21.7 
•.0.5 

0    /       II 
1!)  28  22.  00 
78  54  4.1.  42 

- 10  25.  ;i3 

-0.24      

WW 

1;).  741) 
•Jj.21.-. 

20.  7 
21.0 

20.4 

r.).  7 

77  15  4!l.  48 
20  :I4  33.  :.o 

+  5  50.  97 

-t  0.  :!0 

-10. 13 

ucm 

uni 
liar 

10.  V<H 
21.  4!IH 

l!i.  ,1 
23.  4 

21.1 

17.1 

25  19  91.28 
72  54  4.1.  07 

-  2  27. 117 

+\.o:, 

-0.  05 

08.01 

icon 

ia-j« 

23.  iiaii 

IH.O-Jl 

21.0 
20.0 

10.3 
I'.l.  0 

(12  41  48.  .Ill 
:i5  25  :i3. 3:1 

-  2  32.  on 

t-0. 1.0 

-0.04  ' 

09.  40 

li.'.4 
12fl7 

21.  8M) 
18.  tUU 

2S.  2 
10.  0 

17.7 
20.7 

.10  00  111.  t:< 
48  05  0.1.  18 

-   1  ;i2.43 

-to.  02 

-n.  02 

... 

09.18 

tO'J4 

tliHl 

2:1.  9211 
in.  411) 

12.  S 
17.1 

11.7 
07.  U 

41)  07  5J.  54 
.17  '10  :i4.  28 

-f  3.12.1'2 

!  2.  :!n 

-1  0.  07 

08.  70 

Septeinlit'l-lll. 

Ii7-J8 
G7Jil 

17.  8U2 
21.818 

0.3 
13.0 

1.7.7 
12.0 

4:1  25  :in.  04 

51  40  51.  511 

-  2  IIM 

- 1.  20 

-0.03 

08. 23 

C7B0 
in  17 

18.  e.m 

21. 108 

M.  1 

II.  f. 

10.7 
1.1. 0 

57  4:1  07  29 
40  111  5:1. 119 

-(-  1  09.04 

-0.  iin 

-i-0.00    

08.  93 

C!l:l7 
C1I7II 

10.  n:i8 

24.  VS.') 

13.4 
11.2 

10,0 
15.0 

:lll  28  1.1.98 
CI  41  55.91 

:i.  57  27 

-i  0.  22 

1 
-0.07    

08.  8.1 

7034 
707;l 

10.208 
24.  too 

14.1 
12.1 

18.0 
14.2 

01  .11  :12.27 
:ui  02  U9.  .10 

-i-  4  17.  47 

u.  no 

-i  0.  08    

08.84 

7101) 
71(ili 

11.707 
28.  481 

14.0 
.2.7 

12.  .1 
11.0 



42  45  51.110 
55  33  43.  93 

-  8  '17.  CC 

■l-O.  04 

10.  14 

79ir. 
7477 

1:1.310 
20.  408 

1.1.0 
13.8 

1:1.4 
14.1 

'.'.'..'.v. 

.17  07  41.  4-' 

411  40  1 1).  :<■'     -1-  0  46. 40 

■10.07 

-I".  "2  I 

1)9. 02 

7787 
78U0 

17. 2110 
23. 748 

7.4 
2:1.0 

22.2 
U.  1 

.12  111  28.  r4 
45  54  07.  00 

-i-  3  20.  38 

+0.  nil 

4"- on   

08.  90 

78i!0 

7889 

14.708 
27.378 

I.-..  2 
H.U 

14.7 
12.0 

■■■ 

18  .10  14.  2J 
4!)  25  01.  99 

-  n  :ii.9n 

(1.  15 

-0.11 

119.  08 

7a«9 
8034 

SO.  072 
10.81-2 

mo 

I0.3 

12.  0 
14.7 

41   17  l'R8t 

.',G  25  37.  90     +  9  43.  01 

-II. 91 

j  0.  17 

08.  ,10 

B03G 

eojii 

18. 100 
21.  W4 

1.1.  0 
18.11 

Ifi.  0 
13.0 

49  21  .1".  :i:i 

48  30  :10.  48     +  1  53. 118 

-i  0.  6il 

-1-0.  0,1 

09.01 

80.^:1 
81-Jrt 

1.1. 180 
2o.  08l 

17.0 
17.0 

l:l.4 
14.0 

.10  28  10.  .19  1 

41  22  74.41      +  5  22.72 

■11.  ni 

-fO.  10 

09.  Kl 

8200 
8i73 

88.  R-0 
11.211 

10.  n 
10.  .■" 

1.1.  8 
15.  8 

:ill  37  4:i.  79 

117  00  1.1.95     +  0  (18.41 

-iO.-.>7 

•;-0.  17 

08.  72 

KIM 
8324 

92.  !)> 
1«.  070 

18.  n 

14.7 

14.2 
17.4 

73  42  2:1.  511 

24  211  23.73      -  3  15.  10 

-;  0.  25 

^1'"'' 

49  01  08.73 

Meau  lutitiitlc  (114  dolerinliiatioiis),  49°  01'  0<J".tl. 

t  ^  o".ni3 

T  -i  0".408 
<„  0".077 
r„  -  0".031 


n\u 


■I  '■ 


I     ! 


187a. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUN  HOUNDAUY. 

Obaenuttions/or  Latitude. 

lAHtronouilcal  Station  No.  18— (08  iiilW  ■«  nisi  ol'  I'linlilna  — Olmi  rvcr,  .1  1'.  firccory.  Mratmmnt  t'nilcd  Slates  F.Dfilncprii.- 
Zrliilh  Ti'IrhL'opf,  AVunUlmilili  No.  1:0.— Cliroliolm  UT,  Ncj;uh  Sitlt  leal  No.  UHI  | 


1 


11.  A.  C. 

Nu. 

Ki'uitiii^H. 

Duclliintlon. ; 

;orrpi'tiou8. 

I.lllltililc. 

IvciiinrliH. 

Microiu. 

Liv.  1. 

1 

llcrlcl. 
dint. 

^lirrtiii. 

-10  17.1111 
+  5  on.  43 

Lovi  1. 

n 

4-0.27 

-11.  50 

rafinc. 
-0.18 

-t  0.  m 

no.i.'o 

fiiorlil. 

N. 

8. 

1100 
71I.U 

ijir. 

7j;: 

lo.ano 

30. 34.1 
14. 107 

24.  -p:i 

14.0 
18.0 

14.3 
10.0 

17.0 
13.8 

17.0 
15.  8 

m.  1. 



or         II        \ 
42  45  .W  47 
53  ;i:l  41.05 

.'.7  07  4.'..  21 
40  41  01.00 

0    *       II 
4>  59  30.00 

29. 08 

Sf|iliinlMTilO. 
KiJiiUil. 

-:«o 
-.Vr.'Jlwr. 

22.  027 
If.  17'.l 

1.'..  0 
14.7 

10.3 
17.0 

38  0:1  38. 1 8 
50  45  20.  17 

+  1   10.311 

-0.  85 

-H).  1 3 

88.00 

rn7 
7;iiiH 

;io.  .wo 

'X  !)7;l 

14.7 

10.  8 

17.0 
14.0 

.')'.!  28  10.20 
3H  52  03. ;.'.! 

-10  3i;.!:ii 

-0.12      -0.10 

29.  09 

7110 
7 1.VI 

S.-1.  (IH.'i 
14.  44.-I 

i.-,.o 

10.  0 

17.0 
13.0 

1:2  03  Oil.  40 
30  07  iO.  70 

-  5  4".  75 

10.  rO      -0.10 

;>0.  10 

71-0 
74b!) 

18.233 
2ii.  Ibl 

14.8 

18.5 

17.  5 
13.  B 



45  .'.!(  (10.  80 
52  03  .',3. 01 

-  2  02.  .'0 

tC  31      -n.03 

29.  05 

750S 
7G05 

17.  Km 
23. 800 

17.0 
15.3 

1.5.  0 
17.1 

37  ,'.8  12.  31 
1:0  00  20. 03 

_  8,52.73 

-i-0. 04      -0.05 

28.  3M 

70S7 
7CS« 

22. 112'.) 
17.U73 

l.'i.l 
18.0 

10.9 
14.7 

25  10  .'.n.  18 
72  34  47.  7^ 

j.  8  0.-.,  t-5 

-1-0.47      -fO.OI 

20.  34 

773.'. 

7703 

17. 073 
S2.eiO 

13.0 
20.0 

m.  8 
12.8 

.'.8  47  34. 72 

30  03  24. 18     +  8  .'=8.  04 

-fO.OO 

-1-0. 05 

88.  48 

77:'7 
7KI0 

ir^.oei 

82. 824 

17.3 
14.2 

15.0 
17.0 

52  01  CO.  80 
45  54  07.  00 

+  1  40.08 

-0.31 

-f-o.  02 

20.  93 

B,'.r.,i 

C.-.8() 

10.7;,7 
S3.2.-I:) 

13.8 
14.8 

19.8 
12.  0 

32  18  92.00 
05  40  13.  .58 

-  2  .'.0.  71 

+0.  85 

-0.  on 

98.  32 

.Sci)lenilM'r2l. 

01124 
OOfl 

22.  4Cli 
18. 1:8 

14.8 
12.  0 

11.7 
H.O 



40  07  52.  85 
57  40  34.  77 

+  8  14.00 

-i-0.  38 

-)-0. 03 

28.  82 

1,72^ 
074S 

IB.  338 
S:i.C22 

13.8 
14.0 

12.  8 
12.0 

43  25  37.  (.7 
54  40  .52.  (15 

_  3  40.  i;o 

-fO.  60 

-0.07 

89.89 

o;f'0 

(ii-17 

20.  4.'>0 
1!).4I0 

18.  4 

14.3 
11.3 

57  43  07. 00 
40  10  .54.  10 

-   0  39. 87 

-1-0.  .',3 

-0.01 

89. 88 

0!);i7 
C07U 

H.W.I 
2.-1. 4ilO 

11.0 

18.0 

10.0 
08.0 

30  s.J  if;..'.o 

01  41  50.70 

-  5  38. 35 

+1.32 

-0.  10 

99.47 

7021 
■1)7.1 

17.  440 
22. 518 

12.8 
12. 8 

13.5 

lai 

111  51  33.  12 
30  02  10.10 

+  8  37. 00 

-0.9; 

-fO.OI 

E8.  52 

72ir, 
7a77 

14. noo 
ai.7cu 

11.0 
12. 0 

12.4 
1.5. 0 

.57  07  45  43 
4)  41  01.17 

+  5  04. 07 

-0.  18 

-f  0.0.1 

1             28.18 

7330 
7-Yr.  23IIJ 

82.147 
18. 3:10 

11.1 
17.0 

15.8 
10.0 

38  00  30. 04 
50  45  20.  :>■' 

+  1  5 '.43 

i  n.  51 

to.  01 

! 

28.08 

7:i77 
7:iUd 

30.  .'i7.-i 
10. 02.-1 

14.1 
13,0 

13.0 
14.1 



.'0  28  10.  42 
38  52  01.  50 

-10  37.02 

0.0;  1 

-0.  1:1 

20.1;i 

7410 
71  jl 

2.-I.  ."in 
14.8-0 

14.0 
13.0 

12.7 
14.5 





02  03  0:1.71 
■M  1.7  8 '.  03 

-  5  <5.4! 

-\o.m 

-0.10 

48  50  1.8.8:; 

m 


TtHI'Oirr  OF  TIIK  VIUKV  ASTIJ()N()Mi:i!. 


OhHcrvutiom for  FAttltwk. — Slalion  .V«.  lli— Contiiiiicd. 


14;*. 


11  A.(;. 

No. 

IU-ihIIdks. 

Dccltnatlon, 

CoiTcctloiia. 

Luliloili', 

Iti'iimi'kH. 

MiCTDIIl. 

Lovel. 

Mrrlil. 
illst. 

fii.f. 

Mien  111. 

I.iv.l. 
i  0.  7(1 

liifriio. 

U.il.  tn 
UlCllll. 

N. 

13  0 
111.  1 

S. 

14.0 
11.1 

74Hn 

Ic.  333 

aa.  :io3  , 

0     /        " 

l.t  ,in  10. 00 

38  03  34, 11 

-  a  03.  18 

-0.03 

It 

0        #          tl 

48  3J  20,  liJ 

1S0H 
7(0,-| 

11. 3-,n 
iia.ii,-j3 

in.  II 

13.  U 

11. « 
1.'..7 

31  ,'8  13.  48 
liO  Uli  3U,  1!) 

-  a  ,18,  05 

•t-0.80 

-0.  C5 

81-,  (13 

lieu 

81.143 

n.ui-o 

II'.  0 
13.8 

18.8 
13.  S 

85  I0  5a3.-i 
lil  34  48, 01 

+  a  0.1.  44 

111.  33 

-fO.04 

80,09 

•n.Vi 

11(15 

17.  41-5 
a3.  UM 

M.I 

1S.1 

ll.n 
13.1 

,18  47  34,08 

1  30  05  84,88 

+  8.17.04 

-f  0.  lia 

-1  0.  05 



81-,  84 

lll'l 
1800 

10. 4oa 
aa.  ujrj 

14.  4 

111.  0 

13.0 

.18  01  30  14 

45,14  08,80 

+  1  30.117 

-1-0.(15 

■to.oa 

88,91 

1H50 
1r8-J 

18.  !I01 

as.  ifii 

13.  0 
17.1 

l.'..ll 
18  0 

41  ,10  1,1.47 

10  8,1  on,  -J^i 

-  8  18.  10 

•f  0,  ,'(i 

-0.11 

•,0.  80 

iniia 

as.a.'.o 
la.ijpo 

ia.a 

80  0 

17.8 
00.  0 

41   11  on.  01 

,Mi  8,1  30,  .n 

t-  8  03.  51 

-M.34 

-(0.11 



•y.  m 

H)5fl 

11P.f.-C 

ao.  u'.i  1 

14.7 
111.  0 

11.4 
18.4 

4!l  81  .10,118 

4i3ll31.fa 

-1-  0  18.  07 

-i-0,  n 

0.00 

80.  ,10 

808:1 

111.  8119 

a4.  uuu 

H.C 

14.0 

13.  8 
13,  a 

,111  58  17.  HI 

41  83  1,1.  i;3 

i    3  41.47 

1 1).  4;i 

f  0.  07 

88.711 

IS:lT,i 

'J!,  on 
la.  XI.-I 

11.0 
l.'i.  7 

13.  .I 
18,8 

30  .37  44. 17 

Ill  00   17.11.1 

r  7  8li.l5 

-in.  1-0 

i  n.  14 

88.  ao 

K114 

a4.  rii 

l.V  leO 

13.0 
I.'..  8 

14.8 
11.7 

73  48  8.1.  38 

1  8)  -.0  84.  .17 

-  1  511.  on 

-t-0.  51 

-0. 10 

80, 29 

411 
(i1 

83.  ,',77 
lli.l.Vi 

1.-.  7 
13.7 

18.0 
14.0 

(10  40  .11.04 

37  lli  110.(13 

-  3  31.117 

t-0.70 

-0.  (11 

89.  07 

lao 
lis 

10.  1411 
311.  7:.'. 

13.0 
13.  8 

14.8 

13.11 

38.13  01. -8 

CI  87  la.  Of 

- 10  : 0.  45 

-0.88 

-0.  ao 

80.03 

a3.  -.18 

17.  001 

llj.  8 
11.4 

10.3 
1,5,  4 

47  3.1  33. 10 

,10  III  48  Oil 

+  3  10.41 

-1  0.  ,in 

-j-n.  on 

87.88 

S.VJ 

87. 108 
18. 0.1 

13.0 
1.-..  0 

14.0 
11,0 

(in  ai  48,  ('3 

37  45,10.1,1 

-  7  ,10.  00 

1-0,  HI 

-0,14 

so.ao 

G.  13- Yr.  13 

:i4,'i 

111.  liOl 
81. 0111 

14.0 

00.  0 

I.',  1 
17.0 

117  on  14.08 

30  4,1  10.81 

T  3   17,  18 

-1.C3 

-f0.08 

88..35 

401 

418 

88.  aro 
ii.aro 

1.'..  7 
11.3 

11.8 
Iti.  1 

28  01  41.33 

110  M  48  00 

+  8  411.  8; 

-0.  '.O 

-i  0.  17 

28. 08 

lain 

vj;i 

14.  778 

ai..>3 

10. .'. 
U.3 

13.  3 
10.  4 

.17  07  4'i..11 

4il  41  08.  18 

-I-  5  04.28 

-1-0.  81 

i  I',  00 

a**.  80 

Si'ptcnil  crijn. 

riso 
1-Yr.  alius 

ai..i40 

17.  7,-il 

18.1 
17.  1 

1.-1.  1 

lli.  8 

;'8  no  30.117 

.10  41  81.114 

+  1  57,81 

-1  n.  ^7 

i  0,03 

80.  51 

1317 

13BS 

30.  .'i.'18 

0.  ina 

11. 11 
80.  !l 

10.  ,1 
13. 1) 

1  50  28   11.70 

;  31  58  04.  Ill 

-in  3;l.  01 

-i-ii.ii: 

-0.  10 

80.  57 

14  lU 
1IJ3 

a.n.  133 
13. sno 

81.1 
1.->.1 

18  K 
18.7 

:  (18  01  no.  18 

j  3(1  07  87.00 

-  5  48  81 

-1-1,18 

-0.10 



.30.  75 

K<  Ji-('l('(l. 

17.  810 

aa.  li'.io 

10.0 
80. .'. 

Ml,  ,"i 
18.8 

]  38  l.-i  83.3- 

1  (15  40  14.38 

-  a  50.  03 

-i-0.  87 

-0. 0'i 

30.  Cll 

Srptt'iiibi'r28. 

filial 

U(J81 

aa.a7i 
111.  o;o 

ao.o 

80.  7 

10.7 
10.  0 

i  40  07  ,13.51 

;  57  Jll  : !).  11(1 

(-  a  13.41 

-fl.85 

-1-0. 01 

..... 

28.31 

ilCS 
CHS 

111.871 

23.  :oo 

18.3 
88.  4 

',8.  3 

'  43  81  37.80 

51  40  31.C8 

_  3  4(1.41 

-II  nj 

-o.r7 

8-.  09 

n:80 

C811 

80. ooa 

10.  81 1 

10.0 
8>.0 

83.0 
19.0 

,17  41  n8.:'l 

40  111  35  O: 

-  0  38.  ^•:l 

0.01 

1  -o.ni 

1 

i 

49  .111  80.  If. 

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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIM  STRFET 

WEBSTER, N.Y.  \4ism 

(716)  873-4503 


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UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Ohgervationsfor  Latitude— Station  Xo.  12— Contiuued. 


il  I  ■ 


B.  A.  U. 

No. 

Bmdlnfii. 

DeoHnatloii. 

CorrrcliiiDii. 

Latituilr. 

KvmaTliB. 

Micram. 

I^vol. 

Mcrill. 

Mlcroni. 

U'vrl. 

lUfhic. 

IlriL  to 
mcrld. 

N. 

8. 

d;>t. 

eixn 

897P 

14.763 
as,  606 

330 
30.5 

19.6 
90.7 

«.  «. 

0    1      It 
:i6  98  17.  43 
61  41  58.  (HI 

f         n 
-  5  39.95 

40.49 

II 
-0.10 

II 

0    f      " 
48  59  98.90 

10',3 

17.778 
33.763 

31.3 
81.7 

19.9 
19.3 

61  SI  34.  K 
36  03  11.16 

+  8  34.04 

-HI.  78 

+0.04 

88.31 

T2I» 

19T7 

14.938 
34.730 

31  6 
10.0 

19.9 
31.0 

.17  07  4ft  !l» 
40  41  OlTiU 

+  3  oa  11 

+0*3 

+0.09 

S8.s:i 

7410 
7433 

SiSTl 
13.937 

SO.  8 
18  0 

18.0 
30.7 

«9  03  11.. 37 
30  07  31'.  30 

-  5  53.04 

+0.03 

-a  10 

87.  fS 

8044 

3a883 
18.813 

33.0 

17.7 
81.7 

41  17  11.79 
50  35  41.  Hi 

-t-  8  00.00 

+0  85 

+0.14 

37.10 

Rr.|ect»l. 

WIS 

tww 

CO.  514 

•jo.im 

10.0 
SO.O 

31.0 
80. 0 

49  33  01.17 
48  36  3^1 00 

+  0  11.85 

-a  44 

+0.00 

99.34 

SOfS 

Bias 

in.  OcO 

30.  OM 

31.0 
If.  4 

19.0 
31.  S 

56  3S  SO.  Id 
41  33  11.51 

+  3  39.  .18 

-0.95 

+0.07 

9fi.  93 

8906 

S6.8H3 
13.540 

19.0 
80.7 

31.0 
19.1 

30  37  40. 30 
67  CO  30. 30 

+  7  84.84 

-0.09 

+0.14 

3a  14 

8314 
8;«4 

34.081 
15.300 

90.3 
19.3 

19.9 
80.7 

n  42  37. 97 
34  8li  33. 87 

-  4  .-.1.  40 

-0.95 

-(MO 

99.17 

411 
67 

83.310 
10.  467 

90.9 
17.0 

10.1 

33.8 

60  49  5.1  48 
37  l«  10. 10 

-  3 '.•9. 89 

-OlB9 

-0.06 

3l.!«i 

ItrjKCtud. 

ISO 

173 

0.  (iia 
30.  .'*;i 

33.3 

16.  3 

17.4 

33.4 

.19  at  no.  81 
65  37  l.-t.  07 

-10  40.13 

-0.47 

-0.30 

99.53 

ine 

■JIU 

I7.:iuu 

20.  3 

19.0 
31.0 

47  :i5  3.5. 73 
U)  16  44.  13 

+  3  18.67 

-a  43 

+0.06 

38.83 

850 

i7.0f.| 
13.414 

•ja9 

18.0 

19  0 
31.3 

00  95  31.00 
37  48  .'18. 13 

-7  5'!?! 

-0.44 

-0,14 

39. 7H 

la-Yr.    73 
343 

16.  145 

33.3ti:i 

30.4 
10.0 

1^9 
31.0 

67  06  16.47 
30  43  11.05 

+  3  44.  .'.8 

-0.33 

-H.07 

88.38 

401 

438 

SRl.W 
11.338 

31.3 
10.0 

19.3 

38  04  49.64 
69  30  46.47 

+  8  44. 13 

-0.89 

+0.16 

88.03 

474 

4H7 
39:1 
A60 

I3.6H5 
17. 8.-18 
31.111 
S7.H1I 

31.0 
90.  S 
10.5 
19.1 

30.0 
90.3 
31.3 
31.8 

48  04  3ft  79 
47  59  15.03 
.'«  ai  m.  30 
50  10  01.31 

-  7  49.  38 

-  1  40.93 

-0.35 
-0.36 

-0. 13 
-0.03 

39.30 
3a  80 

Alt 
KM 

8.'..  073 
14.400 

31.0 
19.4 

90.0 
31.9 

Kl  46  40. 3!l 
34  8:181.01 

-  5  31. 13 

-0.9.3 

-0.10 

48  50  89.63 

Mean  lutitiiUu  (.'.9  ili't«iminrti«nii|,  48o  50'  88".90, 

I  =  -t  v.sta 

T  -  ±  0".339 
•o  =  ±  0",«11 
r,^±  0",047 


1874. 
CNITKI)  STATES  NOKTllKKN  BOUNDARY. 

Observations  for  Latitude. 

[AAtronomlcal  SNtlon  No.  11 — Frciichtnan'N  Crrak,  463  milfs  went  uf  ronih'na,  Dakatn.— Obiwrvcr,  J.  F.  Grfsiiry,  Captain 
riiitod  H'Atm  Koginoers ZeiiUh  'Ifleacopit,  WUrdmaiiti  Nu.  •^.'— Chrui)uni»li*r,  Nu^iin  Siiluieul  Nt>.  1513.') 


a  A.  c. 

NO. 

Ri-adinga. 

Deolliiatlon. 

Corrfoliona. 

I,a:itil(lo. 

Uoiunrka 

Mlcrnm. 

I^Vl'l. 

M«rid. 
d.Bt. 

Microiii. 

I.OVfI. 

Ilffrac. 

llpil.  Ill 
iu«>ritl. 

N. 

H. 

Kii:t 

90.7.16 
19.  34.'. 

IM 
17.5 

1J.0 
13.0 

m. «. 

0     1        n 
42  4H  19  M 
55  00  SO.  at 

+  0  43.83 

+8,10 

+0.01 

0     '      ii 
48  .>  08.  72 

July  0. 

540(1 

30.  .Wl 
10.  t^io 

19.0 
14  4 

10.1 
14.  5 

5H  10  03.  ,50 
40  00  40. 09 

-10  14.  15 

+  1,98 

-0.18 

09.42 

18.  aij 

14..'i 
12.0 

II.O 
10.0 

55  29  31.  43 
<2  09  37.  93 

+  8  34.03 

-0. 05 

+0.  15 

09.  ai 

ban 

11.  KMi 

if.K  UI1 

14.1 
11.7 

14.  S 
13.7 

09  02  V.  07 
ii  35  19.  85 

+  9  1.5.  31 

-0. 91 

+  11.  17 

08.  81 

l.'i.  ll.VJ 

a.-i.ii:ii< 

14.0 
U.0 

13.0 
14.0 

42  27  51.  05 
53  3B  02.05 

-  4  4a  4,5 

0.(0 

-0.08 

08. 12 

.w.i:i 

Mi. 

•,'.-..  071 
15.  ll.VI 

Hi.  0 

1J.8 

10.2 
14.0 

31  54  19.  5S 
63  52  11.  Bit 

+  4  43.29 

+1.03 

+0. 09 

HI.  14 

soil 

a;.  ti!i7 

I'J.  !I07 

10.0 
11.1- 

10.9 
1:1.  5 

49  49  37.09 
4«2l  59.119 

-  7  39.  42 

+  1.80 

-0.11 

10.04 

CO-.I 

ao.Kii 

10.  010 

11.  II 

11.  5 
I.V  4 

72  12  14.3.-. 
20  04  14.32 

-10  15.  Or 

-0.31 

-0.20 

08,74 

<III4 

01.'.: 

1.'..  40!) 
•£>.  191 

14.5 
1.-..2 

14  0 
12.5 

70  .58  .W.  39 
3.1  47  42. 3.1 

+  4  57.  93 

+0  71 

+  0.11 

09,  15 

Oion 

14.MH1 

ao.iOT 

11.5 
10.  H 

14.4 
12.  3 

79  .58  .50,  54 
17  43  47.  93 

4-  5  47.94 

+0.98 

HO.  13 

o-,™ 

i         n-.ii," 

C-Jrlt 

11.471 
SO.  73 1 

IILO 
10.  5 

11.4 
13.0 

19  20  19.90 
58  43  3a  Ii8 

-  6  51.90 

11.10 

-0.  12 

08,60 

14.07r> 
ail.  00)1 

11.5 
17.1 

14  H 
12.1 

.59  87  .59. 94 
38  15  00.73 

+  «  41.  .58 

+  1.05 

+0.  11 



09,57 

Mai 

WTii 

M.  Cfll 

17.1 
11. 11 

12  9 
17.  5 

49  17  31.18 
4^  42  04.  42 

_   1  38.IHI 

-0.112 

-0.02 

0».8fl 

6.VV-1 

i«.  rill 

•J4.  ;l<i4 

11.9 
17.0 

17.0 
11. 1 

12  18  12.20 
05  45  ,58.  01 

-  1  ,50.93 

'-".  27 

-OOS 

08.08 

(Ki»<l 

•Jl.  «)7 
19. 091 

10.7 
14.5 

14.2 
10.0 

40  07  40  91 
.'.7  40  19.91 

+  1  08.46 

+0.09 

+11. 02 

(18.99 

074* 

15.;i.10 
84.  71-0 

H.7 
17.  5 

10  8 
14.0 

41  95  95.  40 

.54  40  11'.  1-2     -4,51.55 

10.31 

0.  118 

0-.  79 

21.  391 
m.  198 

14.2 
17.1 

17.0 
14.2 

.57  42  .51.99 

40  to  41.  20  1  -  1  19. 17 

i  0. 112 

11.  (11 

(H  24 

Of'IO 

11.  9J7 
27.  2!I0 

to  0 

10  0 

1.5.  M 
1,5. .'. 

47  10  ao.  92 

.50  3:1  411.91      -  0  .5.5.10 

+  0  III 

-11  12 

(18.80 

1,1)17 

n.902 

20.  <.m 

10.7 
10  0 

1.5.  0 
10.0 

:tO  88  07.  32 

01  41  43.09  1  -  8  40.30 

+0.:i8 

-0.  IJ 



09.  10 

7094 

7u;.i 

s:.  ofs 

:0  494 

17.1 
14  7 

14.  H 
17.5 

01  51  19.  r8  1 

36  118  01.79  .  +  1  87.78 

-0.07 

+  0.03 

48  88  08. 02 

W  ]l- 


10 


140 


146         UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Obtervationa  for  Latiludc. — Station  Xo.  13 — Continued. 


h ' 


m 


i    i 

'5' 


RAC. 
No. 


"'00 
M 

7313 
7877 

73M 
7-Tr.ai»5 

7377 
7398 

7416 
7433 

7505 
7.166 
7585 
7605 

7«»7 
7666 

ma 

TJ65 

7767 

teoo 

7f«» 
7883 

1901 
7D45 

7963 
8034 

5115 

9178 

5371 
5313 

S4I.1 
5460 

5.103 
5533 

.ir>4.'s 

9<i34 

5644 
5658 

5693 

M-a 

5911 

6047 
6073 

6114 
6157 

6206 


llMdingi. 


Uiorom. 


Lorel. 


9.184 
31.344 

16.433 
34.046 

30.740 
19.168 

31.533 
a688 

27.065 
13.503 

1.589 
1.1.  KM 
■M.  460 

a  478 

!!0.640 
1^971 

19.060 
33.459 

30.367 
SI.  146 


17.0 : 
1.1.3 : 

15.7  ' 
16.7  , 

16.0 
17.1 

15.1 
16.7 

16.1 
17.0 

17.1 
17.0 
17.5 
17.0 

Hi.  4 
19.5 

17.7  , 
17.1 

16.1 
16.3 


I1.S3I  I  I!   0 
39.  747     16.  9 


10.  498 
89.  181 


36.6.18 
l:l.7IO 


37.399 
14.669 


91.391 
19. 917 


30.4.(9 
10. 643 


13.860 

36.635 


17.3 
16.0 


19.0 
17.7 


40.3 
43.7 


16.3 
13  0 


13.6 
17.0 


14.5 
1'i.n 


11.433  ;  13.0 
89.301      14.3 

16.033  '  1,1.0 
33.  331  i  13.  4 

83.  8C6  !  13.  7 
16.677  :  1.1.0 

37.  900  I  16. 0 
13. 133  I  I'l  4 

39.  960  !  17. 1 
10.141  i  14.6 

1.1.600     1-3 
3.1. 337  i  13  9 

1.1,  193  ,  1(1.  1 
SB.  419  i  17.0 

\XrH  ■  16.0 
86.965  I  13.6 


15.0 
17.1 

17.0 
16.5 

17.1 
16.0 

19.5 
13.1 

17.8 
16.3 

17.0 
17.4 
17.0 
17.5 

16.1 
13.7 

17.8 

ia3 

19.  I 
17.0 

16.8 
19.3 

16.8 
16.5 

17.5 
19.3 

30.4 
37.7 

06.1 
13.3 

lao 

09.0 

13.0 
14.3 

14.0 
13.3 

13.0 
14.7 

14.  .1 
14.4 

13.  5 
17.7 

11.9 
16.7 

13.3 
16.  S 

16.  0 
13.4 

14.7 

17.  I 


Merld. 
iliit. 


Drolination. 


Correction  II. 


Microm. 


LeTol.    Rofl'ac. 


I 


43  43  41  U.I  , 
.13  33  33.01  I 

.17  07  XI.  M 

40  40  .13.  93 

38  09  31.  66 
.19  43  09.  US 

.19  S7  .19.  45 
36  31  36.  63 

63  03  56.73 

36  07  80.  77 

.17  .18  on.  67 

37  43  3i  ;i:l 

(io  33  i:i.  no 

60  06  '.0. 6-; 

as  19  .16.90 

73  34  3a  31 

.VJ  47  36.  78 

39  0.1  19.  69 

r.3  01  2:1. 34 

43  34  03L  36 

48  .10  09.41 

49  33  00.  Ii8 

74  42  46. 13 
33  .14  10.  :i6 

41  17  06.  41 
^6  85  34.  .1:1 

61  16  34.  .10 
37  03  47.  l;9 

4  J  46  19.45 
33  06  36.  43 

.16  16  03.63 

40  00  40.  33 

.13  89  33  66 
43  09  :I6. 17 

('•9  03  58. 93 
•:S  33  80.  09 

4J  37  51.91 
33  38  08.  3.1 

31  .14  :19.  63 
63  .13  1180 

■19  49  38.  no 
46  81  .19.  40 

73  13  34.711 
86  04  14.  .19 

76  56  38.  7:1 
81)  47  43.64 

79  36  .10.90 
17  43  46.31 

39  86  30.  26 
.16  43  39.  04 


-11  2ar.6 

+  3  .10.  48 
-f  0  4a  83 
-11  49.33 
-  7  01.31 


9  oa  36 
4  0.1.  06 


-f  0  31.  84 
+  1  45.  .16 
+  0  36.68 

-  9  3S.B4 
+  9  40. 35 
+  6  4?.  14 

-  6  29. 38 
+  0  43  66 
-10  14.98 
+  6  .Tl.  04 
■f  9  13.03 

-  4  4a  86 
+  4  43.  58 

-  7  36.65 
-10  1.1.  CI4 
+  4  .19.  04 
+  5  46.71 

-  6  .10.  47 


44X04 
-0.83 
0.00 
+0.04 
-0.13 


+0.  03 
-0.09 


+0.47 
-0.37 
-0.33 
-0.03 
-0.33 
-0.07 
+1..13 
+8.43 
+1.6:1 
0.00 
■  -0  07 
•+0^16 
-0.04 
-0.63 
+0.39 
+0.16 
+0..36 
4  0.  43 


-0.30 

+ao7 

+0.03 
-0.30 
-0. 13 


-0.16 
-0.07 


+0.03 
+0.03 
+0.01 
-0.16 
+0.90 
+0. 13 
-0.11 
+  0.01 
-0.16 
+0.  15 
40.17 
-0.08 

+ao9 

-0.13 

-o.so 
40.11 

+0.13 
-0.12 


Red.  to 
mi'riil. 


LMltnds. 


Renurk*. 


48  58  09. 45 
09.51 
09.30 
0a57 
Oa39 


09.76 
0a45 


06.67 
09.86 
09.03 
09.58 
06.68 
07.99 

oaoo 

06.60 

10.01 

09.65 
0a34 
09.64 
09.30 
09.10 

09.no 

0a77 
...|  48  58  09.  .13 


July  7. 


f.^-i 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

Obierraiiona  for  Latitude. — Station  No.  13 — Goutinueil. 


147 


Iteadlnga. 


11.A.C. 

No. 


Mlcr-u; 


631H 
tKMi.'i 

64-<i 
e.V):i 

e:>«u 

6624 

6vei 

(it!  17 

6«in 
(MVS 

eoin 
cg;u 

7024 
707:i 

7100 
TlC(i 

7a  IS 
Tin; 

TWO 
7-Tr.  !i:i»5 

n-r, 

T4I« 
^iM 

74fO 
74«l 

7r.or. 
7."ii;ti 
-,:>K 
taa 

7(157 
7(W(i 

77.Vi 
770:) 

77r'7 
7r00 

7620 

7883 

7007 
7943 

Tooa 
euti4 


96.E4U 

ia.s!ii 

10.091 

1(1. 0(1.1 
S4.  S'.it< 

21.  ftO.'i 

10. 4;t< 

l.\  70(1 

26.  i;iu 

S2.  .^eo 
iu.::ti 

13.  .'•>» 
2ti.  !'C1 

13.87.'. 
28.  ii;5 

10.  Oa.'i 

21.  e.V.1 

n.fifli 

31.771 

in.  (ISO 

81.231 

20.(197 
10.  140 

33. 0i>7 
0.240 

27.  IfO 
13.003 

17.  751 
24. 027 

1.273 

l(!..'i(]H 
34.  187 
0.107 

90,  em 

10. 1'.IO 

10.  S'll 

22.  (04 

90  ','.".0 
21.110 

Il.2.-|.'i 
20. 4'.7 

11.100 
20.  s;ii 

97.  .'.38 

14.  37cl 


Level. 


N.        S. 


1.V7 
l&O 


10. 6 
17.0 


18.3 
20.  ,^ 


19.0 
10.0 


19.0 
10.  a 


19.3 
17.8 


19.4 
10.0 


18.  n 
18.3 


10.8 
ID.  5 


19.(1 
22.3 

23.0 
21.4 

20.5 
24. 0 

99.0 
23.0 

91.8 
24.0 

9:1.0 
24.  3 
24. 0 
93.7 

2.'i.  0 
24. 0 

2:1. 0 

23.0 

91.0 
24.4 

22.8 
03.5 

2.1.0 
23.0 

2.1. 8 
91.6 


17.6 
17.4 


1«.8 
20.0 


19  8 
17.9 


10.0 
S0.0 


90.0 
10.9 


19.2 
20.5 


18.8 
81.8 


£0.0 
20.4 


19.7 
20  0 


99.7 
19.1 


92. 2 

90!  8 


20.  .'■ 

22. 2 

23.fi 
20.5 

89.0 
91.9 

83.(1 
80.7 

92.0 
92.4 
23. 0 
23.  5 

92.0 
23. 0 

21.2 
24.1 

20.0 

22. 3 

24.0 
23.0 

24.0 
24.0 

as.  9 

8&7 


Merid. 
ditt. 


DccUnation. 


Corrcctloua. 


Uicrom. 


59  87  SX  31 
M  15  01.07 

40  17  31.54 

48  48  04. 70 

39  IS  12.58 
15  45  50. 01 

40  07  41.20 
57  40  20.31 

43  2R  2.\70 

54  40  30.80 

57  49  54.  97 
40  16  43.00 

47  36  21.90 
Ml  3;l  47. 29 

36  88  07.67 
61  41  4:1.48 

61  SI  20.36 
30  02  02. 13 

49  45  43. 97  I 

55  33  33. 37 

57  07  33. 98 

40  40  5:1. 22 

38  00  39. 19 
59  45  09.41 

59  97  69. 80 

38  SI  5(1. 07 

69  02  .19. 09 

36  07  21.09 

45  .19  02.24 

59  03  43.  (M 

37  ."H  06. 99 
37  42  92.  (14 
CO  :i9  14.32 

60  06  90. 99 

95  19  .17.  17 
79  34  38. 52  I 

58  47  97.  06  I 

39  03  20.  H 

52  01  23.  .14 
43  34  02. 87 

48  .10  09.  71 

49  25  09. 97 

74  42  48.  40 
22  S4  10. 04 

41  17  06.73 

50  95  34. 62 


+  6  49.61 

-  I  39.40 

-  3  56.  86 
+  I  O-i.  87 

-  4  S3. 02 

-  1  39.37 

-  6  .13.  10 

-  6  45.  .17 
+  1  98.  03 
-11  Se.(i7 
4-  3  5(1.  49 
4-  0  46.  37 
-11  49.51 

-  7  01.74 

-  3  14.93 


-  B  09.10 

-  4  06. 14 


+  0  50.  II 
-f  1  4.1.  80 
+  0  96.  78 
-  0  83,5:1 
+  0  40. 20 
+  6  48.79 


Level. 

u 
-0.S0 

-0.04 

+'.(  95 

-o.jg 

-0.16 
-0.  ,'8 

-1.1« 

-0.  "C 
-0.99 
+0. 54 
-0.25 
+0.38 
+0.00 
+0.38 
+0.54 


4-0.  65 
+0.47 


+0.76 
-0.  51 
-0.  65 
-0.30 
-0.  45 
-0.47 


Reiyoo. 


Ited.  tn 
uieii<L 


+n.ll 
-•.09 

-0.08 

1 

I 
+0.09  , 

-0.08 

-0.03  j 

-..,.1 

j 
-0.  18 

+0.03 

-0.90 

+0.07 

+0.08 

-0.20 

-0.18 

-0.05 


'  -0.  10 
I  -0.07 


+0.08 

+D.ai 

-10.01 


-0.16 


+0.20 
I  +0.12 


I.aiitiide. 


o     '        It 
46  58  09. 60 

08.71 

09.10 

OD.46 

00.29 

09.  CO 

07.91 

09.30 

09.01 

09.99 

CO.eil 

C9.  57 

08.  76 

08.61 

09.18 


M.  81 

On.  S5 


08.71 
09. 1  0 
0:1.  14 
09.  iO 
C9.  .1:1 
48  58  09.  21 


Ramarki. 


Mean  Intituite  (68detennlnatianal,  46o  : 
I  =  0".  .1:18 
r  =  0".  3.19 
«„  -  0".  063 
T,  =  0".  043 


s     '\Ma 


•i  I 


u 


-!    !l 


1874. 
UNITED  STATES  NOKTllBUN  BOUNDARY. 

ObHcrvatioHH  for  LalUude. 

(AitrpDoniical  Slallon  No.  H— too  milnwrrit  nf  Pcnililnn.— (Ilwrrvrr, .(.  F.  Urrgoiv,  Ciplniu  T'oltMl  Rute*  EngloMi*.- 
ZvDith  Tclt'noiipo,  WUr<l«Dmiiu  Ku.  ijO.— Cliruuoiiielcr,  Ni'Kua  Sltl«rcul  N».  1313.) 


a  A.  c. 

Nu. 


MIS 
MfiO 


M03 

&3a3 


SMS 
S6IM 


9644 

MM 


5853 
SOU 


0)47 
«073 


ntu 

UIS7 


6SS3 
63e6 


6«tll 


6748 


n78a 

6»I7 


(IKK) 


«»37 

«»;o 


7034 
7073 


7100 
7160 


7415 

7!l77 


RnullDga. 


Lovttl. 


Miorom. 


73S0 
7-Yr.set9.-i 


148 


iiagKi 

ltl.7HI 


10.  I3B 
30.3SII 


9.770 
31.  IMS 


ll4.3l« 
34. 010 


311.960 
14.  mo 


V>.  979 
14.  784 


3<>.  331 
13. 137 


M  U3I 
30.804 


13  917 

37.  783 


i:>.  441 

3-1. 043 


18.304 
33.  ;i34 


33.436 
17.  Ow'O 


17.  IIH 
3i  973 


30.  498 
30.NJ7 


LI.  0.11 
3.V45U 


li;.  449 
34.  f  93 


17.391 
23.769 


11.130 

30. 058 


14  .VK) 
35.  815  I 


33.693 
17.  519 


N. 


33.0 
30.6 


33.6 
30.0 


33.7 
31. '.I 


31.7 
34.4 


93.3 
34.0 


33.5 

33.  U 


34.8 
33.3 


33.4 
34.  3 


S.%.  4 

3:1.  :i 


8.-..7 
34  3 


31.7 
35.  4 


•a.  9 

31.0 


37.  3 
34.  5 


9.1.  5 
31).  3 


3.1.0 
37.  5 


i>4.0 

a.j.8 


3.1.8 

•.;4.o 


36.0 
33.1 


3.1.5 
36.0 


34.0 
37.9 


lfl.3 
31.5 


30.3 
33.4 


30.7 
33.0 


39  0 
19.3 


31.6 
30.11 


31.7 
33.1 


al.3 

34  7 


3:17 
33.0 


33.0 
3.'i.  3 


33.3 
34  7 


3:1.5 

•J3  II 


31.8 
41.8 


30  » 

34.  (P 


33.3 

35. 5 


34  0 
31.5 


31.5 
31.3 


34.  H 
37.0 


24.  H 
3ll.  li 


90.0 
3.1.  8 


311.  5 
3.1.8 


Mrriil. 
illm. 


Ofrlhintinii. 


CnrrectioiM. 


Miuruiu. 


.18  IK 
40  00 


55  39 
43  (Jfl 


m  03 
38  :i5 


43  37 

55  38 


31  .14 
65  .13 


49  49 

Jrt  33 


73  13 
3i>  04 


ill  5« 
30  47 


79  .18 
17  45 


39  36 
.18  43 


33  18 
115  4li 


40  07 
.17  10 


43  35 
51  40 


01.  51 
41.  OU 


34.  43 

38.88 


29.  70 
30.73 


.19.67 
0:1.  13 


40.  .1:1 
13.  08 


38.  80 
10. 39 


3.1. 67 
1.1.  3« 


;i9. 73 
4.1. 37 


51.91 
4H.  93 


21.  34 
40.11 


13.  .VI 
1.0.  15 


43.  39 
31.  15 


S6.  h:i 
40.  :il 


.17  13  ; 
10  III  . 


47  :i6 

50  :i3 


.■16  38 
61  41 


61  51 

30  U3 


43  45 
.15  33 


.17  07 
40  40 


;I8  09 
.19  15 


93.  411 
4  J.  41 


08.  70 
44.  05 


31.  .14 

0,1.17 


41.311 
31.  53 


.1.1.  01 
.14. 39 


:«.  34 

II).  .15 


-  B  30. 11 

-flO  36.91 
H  11  07.70 

-  9  .•11.78 
+  0  35.  43 

-  5  47.  .1:1  ■  -)-0. 74 


I.VV1I. 


-1-0.  40 
•(0.11 
40.4J 
!  I.(i7 

-;  0. 1-9 


-  8  23. 01 
-I-  0  51.. n 
-t-  7  41.75 

-  4  58.  37 

-  3  0.1.  18 
(-3  10.  35 
•-  3  01.  87 


■j0  25 
-fO.07 
+0.09 
-fO.47 
40  8!! 
-fO.06 
+1..19 


-I-  0  11.46  I    I  l.:w 


-  5  114.  3i 

-  4  .1:1.  4  J 
f  3  31.2:1 


•4  1.56 

000 

-0.  45 


-  9  :1.1.  83       -0.07 


(    9  40.  72  :  -I  0.  .Kl 


Itrrnv. 

-0.15 
+0.18 
-f  0. 91 
-0.0:1 
+0.  13 
-0.10 
-0.  lU 
+0.15 
+0.19 
-0.00 
-0.04 
-f0.05 
-0.0s 
0.00 
-0.08 
-0.09 
-fO-06 
-0.17 
+0.10 
+0.  05 


liril.  to 
intTld.  ! 


Utitnde. 


Bemtrkii 


49  00  09.  ro  July  III. 
0.t.  87 
03.54 
03.11 
03.94 
03.08 
09.  .17 
03.14 
0144 
03.78 
0-1.51 
0:1.93 
03.18 
09.91 
03,56 

o.%ia 

0:1 19 

OXX, 

03.37 

49  00  OH.  91 


REPOUT  OF  THE  CUIEF  A8TRONOMEU. 

Obncrratiom  for  Lat'Umle. — Station  JVo.  14 — Coiitinui'il. 


14U 


11.  A.  I'. 

Ko. 

Reidtngi. 

DcvIIUHtlou. 

Coirecliaim. 

Latitude. 

Iteniark^ 

Micro  01. 

U'Vll. 

Mrriil. 

Uirrum. 

Lrvfl. 

RclVac. 

Kod.to 
morid. 

N. 

H. 

diBt. 

7177 
73!I8 

lU.KKi 

a4. 1 
:io.o 

88.0 
88.0 

tn.  •. 

50  98  W.  114 
38  51  :.8. 08 

-  0  57. 19 

-fa  78 

-0.18 

" 

4!)  00  09.96 

...  j 

7<10 
74.-.3 

an.  84(1 
i5.!itie 

so.  7 
•J7.0 

2fi.  8 
80.5 

:::::: 

63  03  00.21 
36  07  88.11 

-  5  09.01 

+0.  '.0 

-0.09 

03.86 

7^^U 

IP.  Hll 

30.3 

KO.H 

84.1 

ai-.  1 

4.1  5!)  C3. 33 
58  03  4U.  13 

-   1  88.81 

+  1.09 

-0.08 



08.90 

isn.'i 
i.'ins 

71,01 

s.  7na 

17.  Illlil 
3'J  DM 
7.04'J 

32.3 

8«.0 
Sfi.O 

23.0 
30.0 
30.0 

37  .'p8  08.01 
37  48  8.3.  C.li 
60  38  I.V  48 
«0  08  28.  on 

-  7  16.!K1 

-  8  13.  fe 

HI.  18 

-(I.  13 
-0.04 

03.74 
0185 

77.VS 

-r.e: 

17.  157 
SH.  1!IJ 

:m.o 

UU.0 

80.8 
31.0 

58  47  88.  11 
a»  05  81.  IB 

-\    3  3^.  .13 

-0.40 

-r0.0fi 

08.83 

77r-» 

7cc;o 

IH.  44!1 
Si!.  !).'iO 

Sfi.8 

•ue.v 

30.0 
8;'.0 



WOl  84.57 
4."i  54  03. 87 

H  a  19.81 

-0.51 

-fO.03 

03. 55 

7KH) 

ia.!ll7 
27.  ,'K)3 

87.7 

se.c 

'.n.7 
88.0 

48  rO  10.71 

49  8.-.  01.  W 

-  7  33. 08 

-0.31 

-0.13 

09.81 

7!l()7 
7!H.-> 

f.  ;>r.\ 

30.  till 

88,  .'V 
.80.  4 

8K0 
:io.  8 

74  4  J  4".  3.-. 
88  54  11.46 

4  1 1  3.-1. 86 

-0.74 

-10.85 

03. 17 

1        7n(ia 

1           tOJI 

8S.5S6 
11.7li4 

87.8 

at.  7 

89.0 
87.1 

41   17  07.  f,6 
r.6  8.-.  3.-..  7.-. 

-)-  8  4».  68 

-fit.  18 

-f0.15 



08.  78 

1 
1 

HO'IC 
8U.i!l 

19.  4CU 
21.047 

;ao 

8:i.  7 

84.0 
31.0 

49  81  .Ml.  7.1 
48  36  89.  17 

4    0  49.81 

40.83 

+0.C2 

03.04 

,             r.971 

sa  347 

If.  3i:i 

17, » 
Si7 

17  5 
13.0 

48  48  i:0.81 
5J  (III  87.  86 

-t   a  36. 37 

-18.  85 

-.  (1. 04 

02.39 

July  II 

Ml.-i 

MIJU 

8f'.«S7 
14  M3 

IH.O 
17.3 

18.3 
111.  8 

58  16  04.  69 
40  00  41.  17 

-  8  19.93 

-0.68 

-0.  15 

oia:i 

Rsna 
5,VJ3 

10,873 
30.443 

18.!) 
18.  U 

18  (1 
lit.  8 



55  89  34. 08 
48  09  39.  U7 

i  10  86.  .14 

-0. :« 

,0.18 

03.84 

1        mm 

0. 7l:i 
3I.VU4 

in.o 
lu.a 

19.0 
19. 7 

69  08  29.  9(1 
88  30  811.  Ih! 

i  11  07  ,> 

-0.11 

,('.81 



03.00 

'            »H«4 

1         beM 

17.  .vm 
83.  l!i:l 

20,3 
10.5 

If. .'. 
19.3 

48  87  58.  H9 
55  :I8  03.  ,17 

-  8  56.  .13 

-f  0.  45 

-0  05 

C2.0' 

1            Wi) 

87.378 
14.063 

20.8 
20,8 

H.S 

19,  5 

31  .'.4  49.74 
65  58  13.  35 

-1    6  34.97 

-rO.87 

i  0. 18 

03.00 

Ttttr,:\ 

Sltl  I 

8.-..P4I 

u.o<ia 

19,7 
83.  U 

80.  li 
IKO 

49  49  39.  l;i 
41  88  0(1. .'.« 

-   5  47. 87 

-i0.91 

-  (t.  10 

03.  40 

mm 

1            1J073 

S!).at:i 

I-.I.3J0 

S3.  .■•. 
20..-. 

19  3 
28. .'. 



78  13  (C.m 
86  04  15. 60 

-  8  38. 54 

-1-9.  49 

-0.16 

(18  .17 

1           AIM 

til. IT 

13.870 
•,1.  (I.Ki 

21.7 
10.  n 

19. .'. 
83.7 

76  :«i  40  01 
80  47  4  1.  (id 

4    0  ,19.81 

-1-3. 09 

19.  15 



13.110 

(i'jnfi 

.            IM4.-> 

1<.  803 
St7.  U '!.-> 

at.  (1 
aio 

an.  1 

88.0 

79  S"  .12  a  1 
17  4.-.  49  14 

1    7  40.  48 

-j-9.78 

-H).19 

o.'.o; 

(i-Jrll 

1\487 
il.V  111) 

2?.  8 
84.0 

88. 0 
80,4 

39  a«  91.  .-3 
5,'!  43  40,  41 

-  4  .19.30 

-t-0.85 

-0.  09 

08.  .14 

63(i:i 

ii.n4.t 

Ki'.4l'lj 

SI.  4 

85.2 

23,0 
1»,  8 

50  a7  54.  71 
38  15  08. 33 

-1-  8  ;a8,-' 

-t-0. 85 

-fO.  15 

(13.  40 

MSI 

s\iir 

311. 51 J 

8:1  5 
83.6 

21.8 
8i.O 

49  17  38.  91 
48  48  06.  19 

4    0  18.87 

,0.71 

0.0) 

03.57 

6M;i 
65Hri 

18.  :a  1 

sal 
aj.8 

21,0 

a.i.u 

38  18  13.83 
65  46  00.  5i 

-  8  01.  78 

,  ('.  67 

-(I.f4 

4  1  00  (.3. 0  J 

1 

150         UNITED  STATES  NORTBBUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Obserratiuua  for  Latitmle. — Station  So.  14 — Contiiiaed. 


ri 


a  A.  c. 

No. 


een 

67SS 
6748 

ffl?0 
6tll7 

(ISIO 
CMIS 

flM7 
6970 

70S4 

707:i 

7100 
7106 

791S 
7«7 

7380 
7Tr.  1U85 

7S77 
7308 

7410 
74KI 

74m 

7489 

7505 
750A 
7505 
760S 

7837 


7755 
7785 


7757 
7800 


7mo 

-.88!! 


7907 
'■945 


8034 


8030 
8050 


Reading*. 


Ulcrom. 


83.459 
17.805 

I7.S84 
S3. 131 

90.338 
•M.  731 

1S.8JS 
SS.984 

l.\4S3 
34.  917 

17. 74P 
34.188 

10.8(13 
39.410 

I4..V>7 
35.777 

33.438 
ia355 

SO.  8.15 
10. 8'.>0 

35. 5M 
15. 570 

10. 053 
21.707 

a.  950 

lasne 
33.  a.'ia 

7.349 

33.549 

17.383 

17.993 
34. 379 

18.600 
3a053 

13.889 
87. 934 

H..->00 
30.755 

99.185 
13.  454 

19.993 
9a  871 


Level. 


34.0 

34.8 

3.15 
35.9 

34.7 
94.8 

34.0 
37.0 

34.3 
34.7 

33.7 
38.0 

34.0 
34.8 

94.8 
33.9 

37.0 
33.5 

93.4 
37.1 

95.4 
34.  H 

94.3 
36.0 

85.9 
30.0 
S.-i.  4 
85.0 

34.7 
36.5 

88.7 
35.0 

97.1 
93.8 

98.0 
87.0 

38.0 
87.0 

30.1 
33.7 

97.0 
8&0 


99  J 
9:- 4 

94.0 
33.0 

&3.8 
SI.O 

95.0 
33.0 

34.7 

s:4.o 

3.\V 
93.3 

34.1 

3a  8 

93.8 
34.  U 

31.4 
96.8 

98.5 
31.8 

93.8 
94.5 

94.7 
S3.3 

9:1.8 
93.7 
34.  3 
95.0 

35.0 
9J.7 

93.9 

•a.  4 
9a  3 

90.7 

94.7 
94.0 

95.0 
24.4 

31.8 
19.0 

95.8 
34.7 


Meitd. 
dUt. 


Comet  loLi. 


DcellnatioD.  I 


Uicrom. 


I 


40  07  43.  88 

57  40  31.83 

43  85  97,  18  ! 

54  40  40.71  ' 

.'■7  43  55.  K9 
40  18  45. 01 

47  38  33. 70  ' 
iO  33  48.  80 

30  S8  09.01  i 
01  41  45.04 

01  51  21.93 
30  03  0a51  ; 
I 

49  45  44.  72  i 

55  33  34.91 

.'.7  07  :i.'i.  .■»  . 

40  40  54. 85 

38  09  Xt.  .W  ! 

50  IS  10.94 

.'.9  S'*  01.  3> 

38  5L  .V.37 

83  03  0 '.  CO 
30  U7  23.  45 

45  :.9  nx  Oil 
53  03  48.  50 

.■17  .IS  08.  38  j 
37  4-J  24. 00  I 
CO  :13  15.  -9 
CO  UU  23.  46  : 

95  1!)  .-,8.39  i 

73  31  39.93 

58  17  28.  47 

39  05  21.  51 

.Vi  01  24.93 
45  ,54  04.  33  | 

43  .50  11.07 
49  25  03.  31 

74  49  49.  09 
33  54  11.78 

41  17  07.  99 

56  35  36. 07 

49  31  .'i7.  09 

48  30  29.  50 


+  3  59. 98 

-  3  01.04 
+  0  13.91 

-  5  0a84 

-  4  5a 08 
-f-  3  80.23 

-  9  30. 1'l 
+  5  48. 83 

t-  8  40.69 

-  9  ,57.  :o 

-  5  C9. 33 
-  1  33.  44 


7  10.  J5 
3  l:i  54 


+  3  4a  81 
+  3  37.33 
(-3  18.14 
-  7  34. 03 
H-ll  31.31 
+  8  39.71 
+  0  49. 03 


Level. 


+0.91 
+0.70 
+0.  .-18 
+0.76 
+0.04 
+0.13 
+0.20 
-0.04 
+6.49 
+0.97 
+0.43 
+0.49 

+0.78 

4o.si 

+0.S0 
+0.54 
+0.33 
+a96 
+0.80 
+0.71 
+  1.05 


Itornic 


+0. 05 
-O.W 
0.00 
-0.08 
-0.09 
+0.06 
-0.17 
+0.10 
+0.05 
-0.18 
-0.09 
-0.08 


-0.  13 
-0.04 


+0.05 
HO.  00 
+0.03 

-a  13 

+0.35 
+0.15 
H-0.  03 


HmI.  to 
meriil. 


LstltDile. 


49  00  oa  16 

03.71 
O.L  04 
0a23 
03.09 
oa  14 
oa7i 
oa30 
oa  43 

03.43 
03.53 

oai3 


04. 27 
02.34 


0a38 
03.91 

oaoi 

03.  fO 

aaog 

03.00 
49  00  oa  38 


Renurkt. 


Mean  latitadv  (86  tletormiualioiu),  40<>  00'  09".95. 

f  =  0".4.54 
T  =  0".:lfl3 
t„  =  0."0.'i6 
T,  =  0".C37 


: 


1874. 

UNITED  STATUS  NORTH  HUN  BOUNDAUY. 

ObHirratiottH  for  Ldlitude, 

(Attmnomlral  Station  No.  IS— Kant  Fork  of  Milk  UItit.  .is:!  nilirn  wmt  uf  I'l'inMiia.— Obnrrvrr,  J.  F.  nrriiory,  CaptalD 
Unit04l  StatoH  EDginoen.— Zvuith  TeluHi'iiiio,  WUrdfmanu  No.  U(>.— Cliron4<iiwt«r,  Negus  Sidereal  No.  lOO'.] 


aA.c. 

Mo. 


9M4 

ifiM 


eon 

6073 


6114 
6151 


tfl06 

cm 


6'J89 


f.;us 

6:iC3 


64'.>l 
6476 


6M3 
KxC 


6694 


6198 
614ti 


6780 
C8I7 


6830 
6l<<U 


6!I37 
6070 


7034 
7073 


7100 
7166 


7in7 


73S0 
7.rr.2395 


7377 
7390 


7410 
7453 


Koa<llug«. 


Ulcrom 


17.  fitll 
S3.S»'J 


87.306 
14.650 


fiao«0 
11.8U() 


13.317 
il6.4M> 


14.7W 
!n.5»l 


l.VOOO 
iX  ii51t 


12.  PJO 
I19,3-J3 


SO.  600 

sa.»t>i 


lii.4<M 


l-.OJl 


17.  460 

tiasui 


80  411^ 

an.  761 


15.  3.'i0 


IS.  580 
83.190 


17.47.-. 
83. 8,i0 


iioig 

811.  691 


15.  19.1 
86.  349 


89.6:0 
l';.-50 


30,  489 
II.ISI 


9.->.4<6 
15.460 


U'VA. 


17.3 

81.7 


19.0 
90.0 


90.5 
19.  U 


ao.9 

19.  U 


91.1 
1:!.4 


99.0 

lao 


90. 0 
19.5 


90.0 
90.5 


90.7 
90.9 


90.7 
91.6 


90.7 
Si.0 


9*^  1 

19.5 


90.1 
99.5 


91.0 
8^0 


93.  1 
91.0 


91.0 
81.4 


91.9 
99.3 


99.4 
91.9 


3.-1. 9 


90.0 
15.8 


18.0 
1&7 


19.1 

19. 8 


19.0 
90.9 


18.7 
91.5 


18.0 
99.0 


90.0 
91.0 


SO.  6 
30.5 


90.7 
9a  i 


91.0 
90.7 


91.9 
90.7 


90.4 
93.4 


93.0 
91.3 


93.0 
99.1 


91  0 
93.5 


99.4 
91.4 


93.5 
94.5 


98.0 
91.  U 


>  erld. 
illau 


Declination. 


Cori'cctions. 


49  97  .M.61 
.'i.'.  3H  04.  14 


31  .'.4  41.40 
K>  .VJ  14.94 


79  19  :i6.  99 
96  Ul  16. 38 


76  ,W  41.10 
90  47  44. 39 


79  :fi  X\.  33 
11  45  49.  t<4 


39  96  99. .'« 
58  43  41.  UO 


59  97  5.'..  (-9 
38  15  03.  39 


49  17  .14.  10 

*i  4J  07.  3- 


39  18  14.  f  6 
65  4li  01.  r9 


40  01  43.  77 
57  46  91.1'J 


41  95  98.  40 
54  40  49.  03 


57  49  57.9; 
4il  IC  40.91 


47  3(i  94.  04 
SO  33  50. 10 


36  98  10.29 
61  41  46.41 


61  .'.1  23.30 
:i6  09  04. 69 


4-;  45  4(1. 00 
55  33  :K>.  '.8 


57  07  3li.  77 
40  40  5-1.99 


38  09  3t.  PI 
59  45  19.  34 


.59  98  09. 79 
38  51  59.  t>9 


69  03  09. 0!) 
30  07  83. 69 


Mirironi. 


Level.    Kefroc. 


-8  58.  94  j  +0.  71  I  -0.  05 

I  ! 

+6  33.  13     +0.51  j  -i^O.  19 

-8  94.  t-4      +0.  3:1  j  -0.  16 

I  I 

+6  49.38         0.00  '  +0.  14 

!  i 

+7  39.  39      -0.  10  '  40. 18 

i  1 

-5  00.  04  I      0.00  I  -0.09 

I  ' 

+6  38. 63      -0.  33     +0. 15 

-fO  11.03      -0.  13  '      0.00 

I 
-9  00.94     +0.0 J      -0.04 

i 
+9  .'i8.e.l  ,  +0  13       tO.05 

I 
-3  03  49  :  +O09      -0.05 

+0  10.05  I  -0.49         OOO 

-5  0,5.30      -0.11      -0.08 

i 
I 
-4  56.31      -0.97      -0.0!> 

! 

+3  18.03      -0.47     +0.06 

i 
-9  38.36      -0.09      -0.17 

4  5  40. 9';     -O..Vi     -to.  10 

-(0.01 

-0.18 

-0.00 


Red.  tn 
moiid. 


+9:».oi 

-0.56 

-0  se.  .59 

-0.83 

-5  10.91 

-I..T9 

Lalilmic 


40  00  01.30 

oi.se 

09.01 
08.83 
00.99 
01.99 
09.00 
01.64 
09.08 
09.52 
01.60 
01.  «8 
01.56 

01.  ni 

01.61 
02.59 
09.14 
09.11 
01.61 
40  00  01.83 


Kemarlu. 


July  IS. 


152 


UNITED  STATE8  NOUTIIKRN   UOUNDAUY  COiMMISBION. 


ObnerratioHD  for  Lnt.tudc. — Station  Mo.  IC — Contiiiiu'd, 


\i 


Itrndliigt. 


Micn>ni 


con 


OIM 


KIIH 
KMii 


Mia 


WiKI 


WSJ 


Hen 


UMIS 


fim7 


•0S4 
•U73 


7100 
7llili 


Tsi:. 

7«; 


7:wi 
7-Yr.!J.,o:i 


7377 
7.11i8 


58:«3 
.'lOil 


f047 
t>07:l 


nut 

0107 


ISOO 


■.'1.  u-,0 


18.  .'IHI 

i4.  im:< 


27.  -JM 

K.  :m 


96.  (ilWl 
M.rOS 


•>.  1 7(1 


•J7.  -Jlfl 


i:i.(ia<.i 

!!7.  Plf. 


I.M:4I 

•j:>.  :u:i 


li  .'111 

•Jll.  04(i 


•JO  :oi 
ao.  h;,c 


IK  IMO 

Si '.Id  I 


•.•:i.  o;io 

17.  K« 


I7.;.i:i 

it.  VV) 


•:o.!);ii 
ai.  a(i4 


I.V  WiO 

•j.\  7-a 


10.  inr> 
s!.'i.  oai 


17.  7!i0  I 
a4.  107 


11. HIT 

:iO.  437 


WOrf 
ao.  '^7 


23.  .V31 
1.^.  400 


;'0.  711.-. 
11.434 


2<1.  .'311 
!.•>.  3.11 


an.  oai 
rj.  4111 


13.  .-^7 
27.101 


13.  131 
rt.'.lll 


L-  rrl. 


X. 


24. 2 
III.  II 


IH.  t* 
1H.7 


III.  0 

no 


111.  H 
ll<.0 


17.0 
21.  J 


l!>.  2 

III.  II 


20.  2 

111.  a 


III.  7 

I'.l.  I 


10.  3 

•JO  0 


11).  2 
•JO.  (i 


111  .1 
U>.7 


IH.  a 
l:i.3 


20.0 
17.3 


in.o 

31.3 


10.  n 

'JO.  4 


21.0 
111.  s 


•JO.fl 
III.  7 


31.7 
III.  II 


•JI.O  I 
•Jll.  4  ! 


13.  »  i 
II.  0 


22.  .1 
37.1 


10.  1 

IH.II 


17.7 
lll.O 


111.  n 

21.  2 


•.0.4 

21.0 


21.4 
17.7 


•JO.  0 
111.0 


111.2 
•Jll.  4 


•;o.  0 

21.0 


20.  A 
111  B 


•Jl.  I 
•JO.  I 


21.0 
•JU.4 


21.4 
20.3 


m.  0 
'ja.  3 


20.0 
21.0 


21.0 
111.  0 


21.0 
■JO.  0 


111.4 
22  0 


21.0 

ICJ.  4 


20.0 
•J2. 0 


22. 0 
•J-AC 


I.'..  6 
10.  0 


Mrllil. 
llllt. 


l.'i.  4 
0.4 

1,1  0 
•20.4 

n.o 

1.V7 

10.  r. 

13.1 

14.8 
13.0 

14.0 

10.  0 

Dm-IIiihIIuii. 


0     '        " 
45  .'ill  0.'>.  03 

aa  U.1 47.  Hi 

43  i1  M.  70 

a  M  01. 3;i 

31  114  41.  .10 
05  52  14.  45 

411  40  40.31 
48  -.a  01. 117 

72  I J  37.84 
£0  Ul  IU..15 

70  ,'H  41.34 
20  47  44.  48 

70  S8  iO.  .58 
17  45  411.  Oil 

39  -JO  22.  78 
58  43  41.  bO 

.V.I  37  .50. 15 
38  15  03.  Ill 

40  17  34.  30 
48  4'J  07. 03 

32  18  I. von 

05  40  0  J.  00 

40  07  44.  03 
57  40  23.  42 

43  •JS  28. 08 
51  40  4J.33 

,57  42  .57.  .53 
40  10  40.  48 

47  30  84.  33 
50  33  .'•o.  40 

30  98  10.  48 
01  41  40.73 

C\  51  3.1.  02 
'M  02  04. 110 

42  45  40.  97 
55  3:1  30. 511 

.57  07  37. 1  8 
40  40  .50.21 

X         3.5.  12 
.50  43  I'J.  03 

.5!)  28  03.  01 
38  51  5  '.  10 

40  43  40.  43 

48  -.2  01.  W 

72  12  37.  48 
%e  04  10.  73 

70  .58  41.00 
•.0  47  44.01 

-9  58  .53.  81 
17  45  M.  10 


CorrtTllnni, 


Mlrnini. 
- 1  2:1.  ,vi 

-2  .'.7.^J1 

-[0  3.1.  57 

-3  48. 13 

-8  24.00 

+0  48.91 

+7  311.  .Ill 

-5  110.  44 

+8  3^2.07 

+0  11.03 

-2  00.  40 
4  2. -,8.  .'5 

-  3  0:1. 02 
40  10.110 
-5  04.70 
-4  .I*.  43 

[3  I8.0'l 
-0  3".  30 

(5  40.01 
-19  ;l8.t9 

-  0  .V.  01 
~  5  18. 00 

-8  9:t.7.-. 


li.frai' 


I..'V.l. 

-1.2:1 
-0.  (0 
40.  04 
-l.OS 
-0.80 

0.00 
-p.  18 
-0. 14 
-0.40 
-0.  ^25 

0.  :ii 


0. 04      -0.05 


Itril.  In 
nivild. 


Lattliiilc. 


-0.05 

4  0.19 

-0.10 

-0.  10 

10. 14 

jO  18 

-0.  c« 

tO.  13 

0.00 

-0.04 

-1.03  I      0.00  ' 


-0. 03      -0.08 


-0.    I  -0.18 

l.^JO  -0.10 

1 

-'J.  :iij  -0. 10 


10  40.  •J2      -O.^JIl       fO  14 


0.02  I     40  ro  01.1,3 

01.11 

01.7:1 

01.07 

01.  v:i 
01.  uo 

01.  18 
01.75 
01.01 
01.78 

01.7:1 

01.83 
01.40 
01. '.14 
01.87 

02.  15 
OJ.  15 
0-J.  ^0 
ll-J.  Ill 
12.  45 
01. 117 
01.80 
fO.  8:1 
02.  2- 


-(0.07  -0.09  

-O.'JK  10.00  

-0.07  -0.  17  

-0.  nil  i  0  10  

-o.::o  10.01  


11 

47:19.11-0.40       10  18      41  CO  00.80 


llimorkii. 


July  10. 


Jnl.v  17. 


ItKl'OItT  OV  TIJK  ClUKV  ASTUONOMHIJ. 

Ohnerratiom  for  Ltitituik. — Slalion  Xo.  \H — ritiitiiitiHl. 


15:j 


11  A.  C. 
No. 

llnullnxii. 

Mioraiii. 

I*OVI»I. 

SIlTill. 
diat 

N. 

M.5 
11.4 

8. 

11.3 
11.7 

A.1I8 

9M7H 

M.  9. 

mm 

H.8 

10.0 
15.0 

a  I'll 

m.ni'.i 
8i,;i)iii 

III.  n 

II.O 

14.7 
17.7 

ll,Wl 
C.'>I<C 

10.007 
'£1.  HM 

14  7 

15.  d 

17.0 
10.  H 



Wi-I 

■i).  141 
IH.  4:14 

l.%.  4 
lU.O 

17. 1 
14.0 

li7^n 

17.  .>0 

SI  1.  ia 

IK.O 
17.0 

15.8 
III.H 

Gei; 

•i\.  1:14 

t!l.  44H 

l«.n 

l-.O 

lao 
111.D 

win 

in.  014 

■J.-I.  HM 

10.7 
17.0 

17.0 
17.0 

in.  no 

I.V  7 

lif.il 

10.5 

in.o 

7(i-:i 

17.741 
•J  I.  11:1 

17.7 
III.  II 

IH.  1 
HI.  3 

IKK) 

7ii;ii 

in.'JM 
•ii.  «.i;i 

10.  .■) 
li'.7 

10.0 
IKO 

7Ji:. 

7J77 

i.'i.  4Ka 

1^.7 
10.  :l 

17.0 
'."1. 1 

O 

7«0 

.  7.Vi.ii;iu:i 

MX  :ril 
If.  iii 

in.  ,•> 

17.  H 

■iU.  0 



7:i77 

30. 7J  J 

1 1. 4.1.1 

111.  0 

17.  H 

I'.O 
31.0 

7410 

2.\  !iai 

15.  i.lUit 

1^4 
111.6 

'.■0.4 
111.  H 

74HO 

74-!) 

10  475 
lii  I'J7 

lA.'l 
l!ll.  0 

20.0 
19.7 

7,m-i 

7605 

:i.  ri9 

7. 707 

10.0 
III.O 
80.  .'1 
l!fl.« 

SO.  7 
81.4 
81).  a 
SU.4 

1 

nts-tinulioii. 


O      f  tl 

lei  80  8.1.  oj 

.VI  4;l  4i.ll 

IW  87  .-lO.  41 
M  15  OX  H7 

10  17  34. 0.! 

4«  48  01. 118 

111  lit  I.V  38 
05  4ll  0.'.  48 

40  07  44.  31 

57  41!  8;i.  7:1 

4:1  85  •.^'.  Oli 
.'>4  411  48.04 

.'i7  48  57. 1-4 
40  1«  4ii.  77 

47  ,11-.  34.114 
.'lO  3 1  HI.  7U 

311  a-i  111.  70 
01  41  47.0.-. 

01  51  81.05 
:iO  OJ  O.'i.  84 

48  45  41;  no 
.'i5  J3  311.  03 

57  07  37.11 
40  10  :i6,  51 

3H  00  3,"i.  48 
50  45  18.07 

.VI  a-  03.  30 
■M  58  00.  80 

113  01  08.110 
:iO  07  84. 84 

45  .'.!)  fl.K  113 

58  03  1-.  40 

.37  .V  10.  IH 
37  \)  8.5.  M 
(10  3J  17  70 
00  00  81. 10 


HfUMom. 


('orroiilon«. 


I.t»viil.    lii'tViir 


-3  00. 03 


Ui'il.  Ill 
liti'l  ill. 


UiHiiiIp. 


rniiiirlis. 


■ 


-0.0U 


-o.n 

i 
I 

(-8  3;. 80      -0.71   :    H'-l-"" 

;  I 

(0  10. 78         0.51         0  00 
-8  O.VH       -0.1-7  ,   -0.04 

-I  8  57.37       10.110  '    I  0.05 

i 
-3  04.01       jO.  .'14  ;  -0  05 


I 


10  00.75 
-5  05  01 
-i  .v..  78 

-l-n  17.  HI 

-9  30.05 

-(5  15  08 

-13  3^.73 

-0  50. 17 

-5  10.  13 

- 1  '.'I.  55 

-7  18.30 
-3  11.0:1 


0.00         0.00 
-0.07      -0.08 


0. 18 

-0.09 

0. 08 

+0.  on 

II.  no 

-o.n 

0.  (19 

■ho.  10 

0.  45 

(0.04 

0.  58 

-0.18 

0.41 

-0.00 

0.1; 

-0.08 

Mean  InliliiiUi  (H3 ili'timiinu  loiiiii,  49°  00'  01".8ii, 

I        0-.  487 

T  -  O'.VW-' 
I.  0".  051 
T,  _  C'.OJO 


-0.13  * 


49  03  01.70 

01.15 

01.  ,V8  ' 

03.11  I 

I 

03.01  I 

01.08  I 

I 
03.  a5 1 

01.58 

03.07 

01.87 

01.91  I 

0.>.3n 

03.51  I 

I 
01.85  I 


08.74     I'wJ.cti'll. 

I 


03.00 
49  00  01. 89 


jl 


1874. 

UNITED  STATES  KOllTUEUN  BOUNDAUY. 

Ohserraliona  for  Lalitude. 

[▲itrononloal  BUtiun  Ko.  It— Uilk  ]liTi<r  I.akrii,  IV>8  mlloa  wi'Ht  of  I'pinblna.— Obarrrcr,  J.  K.  nrpmir.v.  (°iii>laiii  Uiillnl 
BlaU's  £iiglno«n.— Zcuilk  T«lr«'u|H',  WUidt'niauii  Nu.  UO.— Ckrunuiutlir,  Nrgui  Sidrnutl  No.  1513  J 


aA.G. 

Ko. 

RowllDK*. 

Duollnntion. 

Cumctiona. 

I.«tltuilc. 

O       (         II 

48  59  54.71 

Remarki. 

Levi'l. 

McTtll. 
Dllt. 

Mlorom, 

LOTOI. 

-0.43 

Iloftnc. 
-0  05 

Ri'il.  to 

lUlTlU. 

N. 

H. 

M144 

SUSij 

17.641 

16.0 
17.5 

16.4 
17.0 

m.  «. 

0     *      •/ 
42  27  .^5  03 
65  38  0.\62 

-  3  05. 14 

Jul;  U. 

Ma 

5!«) 

Sfi.813 
14.  36'.! 

17.1 
l&l 

17.0 
ltf.6 

31  .54  42.71 
65  52  l.'i.OS 

+  6  90.  45 

-0.09 

■1  0. 19 

.'....  79 

«t>.V1 

sou 

86.146 
14.7iW 

18.0 
KI.S 

10.0 
81.0 

49  40  41.67 
48  88  0:i.  17 

-  5  94.68 

-1.99 

-0.10 

56. 35 

6047 

W7a 

S8.S87 

ii.taj 

10.0 
171 

Sl.l 

210 

72  12  3H.  90 
86  04  17.6(1 

-  8  31.30 

-1..16 

-0.10 

S.VS0 

6157 

13.611 
86.  547 

17.5 
81.0 

'-•5.0 
18.1 

70  58  43. 01! 
20  47  4."i.  70 

4-  6  41.63 

-0.30 

+0.14 

&'i.gg 

6806 
6845 

l'J.014 
87.  457 

18.0 
80.4 

81.6 
10.1 

49  5^1  .'i.'i.  ;15 
17  45  51. 19 

+  7  31.75 

-0  51 

+0. 18 

84.69 

6964 
6«rt) 

15. 3M 
85.  303 

ID.  7 
10.8 

10.7 
20.7 

3»  86  84.  42 
58  43  43. 11 

-  5  66.  94 

-o.ai 

-009    

55.40 

6ni8 
6363 

19.366 
2H.  O.W 

10.5 
17.7 

20.6 
82.6 

.50  27  5-1. 09 
38  15  0.">.30 

+  8  8.%.  40 

-1.34 

-rO.  15 

.\5.D6 

e4';>i 

6476 

80.  M5 
ao.685 

10.8 
10.7 

SO.H 
80.4 

49  17  36. 22 
48  42  09.  50 

+  0  02.80 

-a  38 

0.00 

M.8« 

6n.vi 

6586 

16.  463 
88.787 

IR.  5 
10.7 

21.0 
SO.  1 

32  18  16.71 
65  46  04.  16 

-  a  11.32 

-0.  05 

-0.04 

5.'..  49 

6634 
6681 

83.670 

laiso 

17.8 
80.4 

ai.6 

20.0 

40  07  45  65 
57  46  85. 57 

+  9  51.  10 

-0.80 

+0.05 

56.  IS 

67OT 
674S 

17.173 
83.350 

lii.S 
l.'0.7 

81.3 
19.5 

43  85  30.  57 
54  40  44.37 

-  3  11.68 

-0.30 

-0.05 

S5.18 

67eo 

6*17 

ao.iHM 

so.  093 

80  7 
17.7 

10.5 
22.8 

57  42  50.61 
40  16  48.30 

+  0  09.81 

-0.87 

0.00 

55.32 

6630 
6<!6S 

15.383 
S.'i.409 

20.5 
19.0 

20.0 
81.6 

47  36  80. 31 
50  33  54. 10 

-  5  13.30 

-0.47 

-0.08 

66.:is 

0037 
6970 

15.019 
85.  710 

16.0 
83.5 

22.8 

If.  11 

36  88  19.31 
61  41  48. 87 

-  5  04.  30 

+ai6 

-0.0'.t 

S6.30 

70-M 
7073 

17.957 
84.063 

81.6 
16.7 

80.0 
81.0 

61  51  2.^77 
30  02  06. 81 

+  3  09.07 

-0.60 

+0.06 

5.5.  49 

7100 

7ii;6 

11.334 
30.831 

80.6 
80.  tl 

21.0 
21.0 



42  45  46.24 
55:t3  3H.09 

-  9  47.00 

-0.13 

-0.17 

50.16 

7il.-. 

7277 

1.5.  .V2fl 
80.  403 

81.0 
IKO 

20.5 

23.7 

57  67  30.90 
40  40  58. 12 

+  5  38.06 

-1.16 

+0.10 

,55.  .'i6 

T120 
(1.7-Tr.a39j 

W.  76!) 
17.917 

80.0 
19.5 

21.0 

36  on  311.  99 
69  45  11.77 

+  8  30.  72 

-0.85 

+0.04 

.55.79 

7S77 
739d 

3n.  :io.i 

10.  747 

81.7 

16.8 

80.0 
2i7 



Si  88  0.1. 15 
38  58  01.  ',9 

-10.07.47 

-0.49 

-0.18 



4e.59M.r3 

154 


IJKPOKT  OK  TIIK  CIIIKI-'  ASTKONOMKK 


ObiervatiotiH  /or  Lalitudc—Htatioii  A'o.  10— Cuiitiiiuctl. 


i;»5 


EA.C. 
No. 


7410 

UrV 

7WS 
7.«U 


SUIl 


(KMT 
11073 


AIM 

oiriT 


tlJIH 
KkU 


HI'JI 

u4;o 


O.XI 


CUHl 


70114 
7073 


7100 
71(0 


7815 
7S77 


RauiUuK*. 


7n!!0 
'(».7.Tr.ai!PS 


7377 
7:i'.>ij 


741(1 
74KI 


74MO 
74^0 


1!m 
7.W5 


76«7 
7(iii6 


Uictuui 


O.V  Ml 
ISAtlU 

I!)  94n 

MlllO 

a  K(i7 

IH.  OMi 
3t  4'.'0 
7.4^0 

10.314 
31.3:4 

17.  0.10 

laoiu 
l;fl.7l.^ 

14.317 

3(1.  I  l.'i 
l4.(i4U 

ii.tui 
13. 7m) 

20.  07tl 

la.  ffl.'i 

87. 30(1 

I5..W7 
ll.'>.  U3 

li  S3I 

3C.  400 

SO.  349 
90.411 

ii».  4efl 

ti^l<33 

83.  :ro 

17.  ll-Ji" 

17.073 
83.  743 

11.0:17 

uu.  an 

14.041 
85. 7!h! 

Si  INO 
17.000 

30  177 
10.  018 

!!.\s:>S 
H.IKXI 

I!).3i4 
81 807 

11.841 
38.O0O 

Si  01.1 
17.705 


Level. 


80  0 

80.  H 

10.5 
81.0 

10.7 
10.  I 
81.0 
80.7 

14.  H 

1(1.0 

13.4 
18.7 


M.0 
81.0 

ai.9 
8U.0 

81.1 

81  I) 
80  5 
80.14 

11.5 

10.  H 

14.3 
15.  II 


10.  0      17.  7 
10.  0  ;  10.  H 


14."  1 
10.0  ; 


SO.d 


in.  t) 

10.11 


80.0 
1.'.7 


trt.  0 
10.  5 


10.0 
If.O 


80.3  !  I,'>.0 
13. 0     88. 0 


1.V7 
14.0 


1H.0 


14.  N 

17.5 


14  H 
10.0 


17.0 
1(1.0 


16.5 
17.3 


l.'i.  5 
17.0  ] 


IC.  7 
17.1 


.-  4  I  17.7 
15  0     I".  0 


14.8 
KLII 


l.'i.O 
10.5  ; 


17.9 

l.-i.  li 


17.0 
1(>.0 


1,V4  1  17.3 
14.0      ll'.7 


17.0 
11.8 


17.0 
14.8 


17.7 

10.3 


1.-1.3 
10. 0 


17.0 
18.0 


17.0 
10  0 


1.1.7 
lp.3 


111.  4 
VX  5 


17  1 

10.0 


in.  1 

17.1 


10.0 
le.o 


10.8 
17.3 


llUl. 


PcrllniidHii 

0     1      « 

08  01  01.  48 
30  07  8i  7» 

45  51)  07  99 
5103  40.81 

37  M  11.74 
37  48  87.  30 
00  :m  10  M 
(10  00  ;:0.  80 

«0  08  38. 17 

88  3.1  88.04 

48  '87  .v..  94 
55  38  05.  p8 

31  54  4'iOl 
U5  58  1(1.  18 

40  40  41.01 
48  a  OL  44 

78  18  30. 80 
80  114  IP. 00 

7(1  .VH  43.  :ifl 
-.0  47  4.1. 03 

73  .18  5.1.  (IS 
17  4.1  51.  48 

30  8(1  21.78 
58  43  44.04 

50  87  !SH  :ifl 
3P  15  0.1.  UO 

40  17  30.  .'id 
48  48  00. 1^4 

39  18  17.08 
05  40  04.  53 

40  07  4(1.  18 
57  40  85.  83 

01  51  80.17 
30  08  07.  15 

48  41  4!".  01 
,15  33  30.  00 

57  07  30.  (!0 
40  40  58.50 

3<  09  37.  34 
50  45  1.1. 17 

50  88  0.1.  .15 
;18  ,18  08.  l.i 

08  03  04.  PO 
30  07  8(1.  1 1 

45  ,19  07.  (iO 
58  03  50.  50 

37  48  87.71 
00  38  l'.'.03 

95  30  01.01 
79  34  43.  99 

Ciirrnrtlonn. 

Alli'liiiu. 

I.t»vi,l. 

K.'frmv 

lil'<l.  Ill 

Hii'l  id. 

-  3  10  1.1 

-0.40 

-0.09 

" 

-   I  38. 10 

(1.45 

-0.08 

-  7  9(1. 98 

-  a  8.1  5J 

-0  51 
-O.XI 

-0.  13 
-0.04 

+10  57.80 

-0.05 

+0.91 

-  3  01.  70 

-0.85 

-11,05 

+  6  85.  18 

4  0  11 

40  U 

1 

-  5  .17.  10 

.(  ft  07 

-0  10 

-  8  34.87 

+1.80 

-0.  ll. 

+  0  40  34 

fftOl 

|0  14 

+  7  30.41 

1  0.  48 

+0,  18 

1 

-  S  10.80 

il.OO 

|OOI) 

1 

-f-  8  88.  80 

in,7i 

-1-0.  M 

+  0  01.  93 

-0,8:1 

0.00 

-  a  1.1.03 

-0.74 

-001 

+  8  40  'l\ 

-1.18 

+0  05 

-t-  3  08.  ,15 

-0,  40 

-|().no 

-  0  47.  .Vl 

-0.  33 

-0  17 

+  5  37.00 

-1.47 

+0.  to 

+  9  30.01 

-a  49 

+0.01 

-10  07.75 

-0.91 

-0.  IS 

-  .1   10  11 

-0  17 

-0.00 

-   I  38.07 

-0  18 

-O08 

-  7  811.  07 

-0.1- 

-0  13 

+  9  38.  ,19 

-0.11 

+aoi 

UliUlilo. 

Rimarkii 



0     t      n 

48  ,10  .14.01 

.M.  311 

.KL,18 
.V,.  01 

;  1  10 

July  ei 

5:1  DC 

54.  on 

.W  55 

.'.4.  "'J 

•«  M 

,14  5',l 

.1.1  <i9 

,'m,  10 

54.  ;ui 

54.  00 

54.  10 

51.78 

.v..  !i8 

,14.71 

.Vl.  Kl 

,1.1.  01 

.15  CO 

.1.178 

.'0.14 

48  .19  .•«.  97 

u 
If  (; 


■I        i 


! 


li! 


J.:;! 


156  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUXDAR  v  COMMISSION. 

Observations  for  Latituile. — Station  A'o.  16 — Continued. 


n 


:l 


■i:    f  ■ 


% 


RA.C. 
Ko. 


7:120 

7-Yr.  aiw 


7.177 


7-)l() 


•urn 


Ketdincfl. 


Level. 


Micrum 


77.%3 
771).'i 


77H7 
•fOD 


7830 

7!"*) 


7iK»7 
7945 


.t693 
5«» 


S911 


no  17 
ea:3 


0114 
«|j7 


fi^OC 
<!24j 


ti3fi8 
6^B9 


6.118 
6305 


6491 
6470 


655.1 
05^0 


f634 
0081 


6748 
0748 


6780 
0817 


6830 
6805 


6937 
6070 


7024 

7073 


7100 
7100 


7215 
7a77 


17.300 
23. 9.V.I 


18.  470 
22.  579 


13.  OM 

a;.  900 


9.149 
31.100 


97.  131 
14.  728 


90.443 
14.  Mi7 


98.  395 
11.  82.- 


I3.f.'J3 
90.501 


19.  8 
14.0 


17.0 
10.2 


13.9 
10.3 


17.5 
IJ.  8 


1.5.5 
14.9 


1.5.7 
14.0 


17.1 

19.0 


17.4 
1.5. 5 


Uprld. 
dist. 


27.4.7  i  12.2 


10.7 
21.7 


19.0 
18.3 


90.8 
17.8 


10  0 

19.  2 


13.8 ; 

10. 9  I 


16.0  ! 
18.0  I 


Ili.O  ■ 
14.0  i 


10.0  I 

17.7  I 


14.0  1 

21. 1  I 


14.980 
24.  917 


Vi.  336 
2-<.  503 


90.  .Ma 

90.  594 


18.  3,59 
82. 72:1 


23.470 
18.000 


17. 020 
83.983 


90.760 
90.758 


15.  40» 
9.5. 027 


l.\596 
95.408 


17.823 
2:1.  877 


10.  971 

29.  909 


l.-i.  317 
90.  131 


93.  087 
17.  894 


30. 1.52 
10.  538 


a\  000 
1.5. 951 


18.080 
21.701 


Hi.  1 

10.8 


19.7 
12.  U 


1.5.0 
18.3 


17.  5 
17.3 


10.3 
17.  a 


19.0 
19.  a 


19.5 
19.0 


18.0 
19  a 


19.0 
19.7 


18.7 
17.7 


17.  5 
19.5 


19.0 
17.0 


17.  5 
19.0 


1(1.0 
20.2 


19.0 
17.0 


18.0 
18.0 


17.4  I 
17.0  I 


11.3 

22. 0  ! 


19.7 
10.  4 


17.7 
18.3 


17.7  1. 

17. 8  . 


10. 8  \. 
17.5  I. 


18.1 
17.1 


ir.4 

17.2 


18.6  I 
19. 0  ; 


19.0  I 
17.8 


17.0 
19. 0 


18.7 
17.8 


SO.  6 
10.0 


17.0 
18.7 


18.0  { 

18.7 


DecUu.ition. 


58  47  32.  47 
39  05  25.  19 

.52  01  28.  83 
45  ,',4  Of.  I  2 

48  .50  11.89 

49  25  00. 07 

71  42  .53.  47 
22  .54  14.87 

31  51  43  29 
65  52  10.01 

49  49  4i  30 

4H  22  03.  t-9 

72  12  39.  73 
01  18.51 

'ai  .58  43.91 
2U  47  40.  3:1 

79  58  50.21 
17  45  51. 8J 

39  20  8.5. 20 
58  43  44. 1.5 

.59  87  .58.98 
38  15  00.10 

49  17  37.  19 

4^  42  lU.  48 

.12  1?  17.59 
65  40  0.5.  2:1 

40  07  46. 70 
57  40  20.  ,55 

4:1  25  31.. 58 

51  49  4,5.  Hi 

57  43  00. 71 
40  10  49.37 

47  30  27,  31 

50  X)  53. 52 

30  28  13.  .12 

01  41  .50.03 

61  51  20.91 
;ki  02  (17.  82 

4}  45  49.33 
65  33  39.  77 

.57  07  40.  3- 
40  40  59.  20 

38  on  38.01 
.59  45  1.5.  !10 

.59  a.*  00. 34 
38  52  02. 80 

02  (i3  05.  59 
30  07  2(!.  83 

45  .59  08.41 

52  0:1  51.  30 


CornK:tion«. 


Minrom. 

+ 

3  26.  00 

+ 

2  07.  04 

- 

7  44. 17 

+  11  91.86 

+ 

0  9.5.  87 

- 

5  50.  48 

- 

8  31.63 

-1- 

6  49.  05 

+ 

7  31.  M 

- 

5  08.67 

H- 

8  24. 00 

+ 

0  01.93 

- 

a  1.5.  .50 

+ 

2  49.  91 

- 

3  14.30 

- 

0  00.00 

- 

5  15.  ,57 

- 

5  00.  90 

+  3  08.06 

- 

9  48. 27 

+ 

5  30.  01 

+ 

a  2J.  88 

- 

10  09.87 

- 

5  21.  47 

- 

1  3:1.93 

Level. 


Rofrao. 


-1.03     +0.00 


-0.91 
-1.87 
-0.87 
-0.07 
-0.90 
+1.  30 
-0.18 
-O.M 
-0.33 
-1.03 


40.  03 
-0.13 
4  0.94 
~^0.  12 
-0.10 
-0.  10 
+0.14 
+0.1" 
—0.09 
-)  0.  15 


-0,08  I       0.00 


-0. 


..T    i 


-0.89 
+0.00 
+0.94 


-0.97 
HO.  18 
-0.  13 
+0. 13 
-0.00 
-10.33 

-a  16 


-0.04 

40. 05 

-0.05 

0.00 


-10.45      -0.08 

I 
(0.91      -0.09 


+  0.05 
-0.17 

4  0. 10 

+0. 04 
-0.18 
-0.10 

-a  02 


n»d.  to 

nitrld. 


Latitude. 


O       /  H 

48  S9S4.54 
.55.18 
.54.31 
55.40 
.5.5.24 
5.5.09 
5.5.70 
55.  W 
54.97 
55.86 
55.76 
55.14 
55.54 
55.70 
51.71 
55.03 
S.5.35 
r&  53 
55.8!) 
50.39 
.55. 77 
.'.li.  05 
,55. 06 
!>4.0J 

18  59  M.  77 


Reiuiirka. 


July  35. 


I      if 


B.  A.  C. 
No. 


REPORT  OF  THE   CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

Observal ions  for  Latitude.— Station  Ao.  10— Coiitimu>tl. 


157 


^^68 

7605 
7(127 


77,^5 
7705 


77f>7 
7^00 


ReadiDgB. 

Level. 

Uicroni. 



Meriil. 
diaU 

N. 

S. 

m.  ». 

8. 510 

17.0 

10.3 

17.  7,'i3 

17.0 

10.  .•> 

34. 178 

10.8 

17.  1 

7. 18;i 

10.  7 

17.8 

w.ni 

13.9 

B'.'.O 

17.458 

8:1.0 

U.  1 

17.96.1 

18.4 

lil.O 

83.893 

18.5 

lae 

1ft  506 

17.5 

S0.0 

8*576 

30.0 

17.3 

DocUuation. 


o      '        n 
37  M  13.80 

.17  ii  aa.li 
(iO  30  ao.  71 
CO  06  87. 38 

85  an  08. 86 
78  34  44. 77 

.18  47  .Taa4 

30  C5  8.1.  89 

58  01  SO.  58 
45  54  08. 75 


Corrections. 


Microm, 


"T"- 


7  '.'P.  1 1 

a  a.-i.  II! 


4-  a  3i  08 
-I-  3  a,'.,  m 

+  3  Of^  41 


Lnvel.    lieiYoi' 


-10.04  '   -0,  13 
-;  0.  04  I   _0.  04 


40.08     +0.(1.1 

-0.  ao    -fo.o6 

I 
+0.04     +0.03 


lloil.  t. 


I.ntitiiilK. 

o 



— 

48 

W  ,M1 
.1) 

30 
93 

.1,- 

31 

48 

10  ,Vi 

07 

Mean  latitude  (75  deternilnationa),  ^S°  5!f  55".  30. 

c  =  0".  580 
r  =  0".  387 
I,  =  0".  0C.7 
r,  =  0".  043 


liiM 


1874. 


UNITED  STATES  XORTnERN  BOUNDARY. 

Observations  for  Latitude. 

Aatronomical  Station  No.  17— Esiit  Bntte,  6M  mllen  west  of  Prmblm.— Observer.  J.  P.  Cregory,  Cni<tnln  TTnltcd  States 
Enginoors.—Zonith  Teleiicopu,  WiirdomaoQ  No.  20. — Cbroiicaieter.  Nugns  Sidbrcal  No.  1513.J 


A.  0. 

No. 

Ki'niUnga. 

E 

Mirrom. 

Level. 

Merlil. 
dist. 

N. 

8. 

«M4 

S65tj 

S693 

sua 

16.716 
84.241 

2."!.  H93 
15.032 

21.5 
14.7 

19.8 
18.1 

19.6 
20.1 

21.9 

94. « 

TO 

.  s. 

58.13 
5911 

2H703 
1J.C93 

21.0 
17.0 

2-3.0 
20.0 

m41 
6073 

28.  811 
lU.  Oo7 

20.  .'i 
22.0 

93.0 
21.  5 

GI14 

6107 

14.  4-G 

2.-1. 782 

20  7 

22  5 

93.  r, 
21.9 

eaon 

13.482 
20. 393 

20.7 
2a  1 

91.0 

21.  H 

69lW 

14.373 
2.V  1140 

23  0 
21.9 

9-10 
23.1 

6318 

12.897 
27.00(1 

29.0 
22.2 

23.1 
•J3. 0 

64-31 

6553 
65e(i 

««24 
6<«1 

67W 
6740 

80.980 
1U.44I 

16. 182 
22.  113 

ai..'fl3 
17.618 

in.  oin 

21.  47C 

21.  5 
21.5 

23.  1 
2.1.  G 

23  0 
24.1 

23.9 
2i3 

2.-1. 1 
24.0 

91.4 

24.1 

21.  C 

-a  3 

2.1. 6 
2J.O 

67r0 
6817 

6i>30 
68*'k'> 

21.3.-.:l 
19.771 

14.047 

25  7W) 

23.5 
24  6 

24.3 
22.0 

21.4 
-21.3 

9-3. 5 
2.-1. 0 

6037 
6970 

14.  ,V>.', 

a.-i.  iwo 

2a  3 

^aii 

21.7 
•23. 7 

7100 
7lliU 

D.771 
30.341 

SO.O 
22. « 

91.9 

2.-1. 5 

7S1.') 
7277 

1.-1.673 
2l.8'i0 

21.0 

2i.5 

91.0 
2-i  1 

G.- 

7320 
•Yr.'J:l!i5 

SI.  409 
18.273 

24.  .'i 

25.  7 

24.  5 
9.1.5 

7377 
r)9« 

.10.  771 
9.610 

21.0 

2<^5 

2.1. 9 
2a  0 

7416 
74o3 

20.  ros 
J4.04:i 

20.9 
2.1.5 

2.1  0 

211.6 

Declination. 


49  97  ,10. 12 
55  38  Oli.  82 


31  54  4a  74 
65  52  17.  29 


49  49  4a  05 

48  29  04.  62 


72  12  40.  5-' 
20  01  19.  14 


70  .18  4 1.  80 
20  4i  40. 9J 


79  .18  .17.  18 
17  4.1  5-3.39 


39  20  2n.  1-1 
5i  43  4,1.0.1 


59  27  .19.99 
3d  1.1  07.07 


49  17  38.87 
4S  42  11.51 


32  18  ia.,11 
6.1  4li  00.  42 


45  07  47.81 

57  40  27.  7ii 


43  -35  3-3.  71 
54  4J  40.  09 


57  41  fl.  98 
40  10  ,0.50 


47  30  83  00 
50  3 1  04.  70 


30  98  14.43 
Ci  41  51.  :i7 


49  45  50.  50 
.15  31  41,22 


67  07  41.71 
40  41  10.40 


38  09  19.  QC 
59  45  17.  38 


,19  9-1  07,  75 
38  52  04,  10 


6J  01  07.00 
.10  07  28.  05 


Corrections. 


Microm. 


-  3  53. 75 
f  5  37.  37 

-  6  41. 13 

-  9  23. 05 
+  5  51.20 
4-  6  41.06 

-  5  59.  31 
+  7  31.61 

-  0  48.09 

-  3  0.1.  48 
+  1  ,18  83 

-  4  03.  7(i 

-  0  4).  14 

-  6  (4. 77 

-  5  .'5. 81 
-10  33.l'7 
+  4  45.1.7 
+  1  37.  41 
-11  (0.41 

-  6  11.67 


Level. 

-9.10 
-1  81 
-2.23 
-0.  45 
-0.49 
—0. 45 
-0.01 
-0.  ,10 
-0.91 
-0.40 
-0.  18 
-0.  H 
-0.  38 
-0.2; 

-0.  .10 
+0.27 
+0..M 
+l\49 

4-n.  51 
+0.18 


Rcfrae 


-0.07 
+0.10 
-0.11 
-0.90 
+0.13 
+0.15 
-0.10 
+0.13 
-0.08 
-0. 05 
+0.03 
-0.07 
-0.09 
-0.10 
-0.10 
-0.  19 
+0.03 
+4).  03 
-0.19 
-0.11 


Kcd.  to 
luerid. 


Latitndo. 


48  69  05. 55 
00.17 
07.37 
00.16 
06. 70 
05.54 
00.44 
00.71 
05.88 
06.03 
06.47 
06.  ai 
06.70 
00. 04 
00.41 
07  00 
00.  70 
00. 25 

ai.pi 

48  60  OX  95 


Remarks, 


July  89. 


1,-)S 


REPORT  OF  THK  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

Observations  for  Latitude. — Station  N^o.  17 — Contitnied. 


WJ 


Headings. 


B.  A.  G. 

No. 


Mioroni. 


7480 
74ts9 

7.M5 

T.'soa 

7595 

tm 

7666 

77.M 
77115 

77S7 
7800 

7K'0 

7%7 
7043 

.'1044 

5C-)8 

5l«3 

mil 

0157 
0200 

S8£l 

SS.Vl 
.VJll 

0047 
COM 

6114 
6137 

61145 

«5(!8 
6'itJ9 

6319 
U305 

6421 
0470 

6580 

6ra4 

0081 

67Q9 
67  !8 

67P0 
(i817 


17. 948 
24.617 

3.010 
17.  i!37 
33.iM0 

aJ14 

31.534 
l8.U8<i 

17.820 
22.830 

19.  ma 

21. 553 

ia048 
28. 0(i2 

9.739 
30.023 

II).  rm 

24. 143 

26.244 
1.-I.  442 

20. 7.17 
13.  U72 

14.52.'! 

2.").  827 

I3.4.M 

•26. 398 

2(1. 272 
10.  408 

26.  C."i0 

13.  561 

29.697 
10.  57li 

1 1. 377 
23. 650 

13.4-0 

20.  363 

14.  no.". 
25.  C.'i3 

11. 224 

27. 7LI4 

an.  78n 
19.  ie5 

17.2:i8 
23.200 

24  30n 
18. 578 

16.378 
24. 2.'>8 

21.n09 
19. 370 


Lovc'l. 


sao 

84.5 

26.0 
27.0 
81.8 
24. 2 

24.0 

20.7 

23.9 
81.7 

24.8 
20.0 

20.9 
23.7 

27.7 
24.0 

117 
17.3 

11.0 
11.8 

16.1 
13.0 

13.3 
10.0 

1,3. 1 
13.0 

13.0 
17.5 

16,9 
12.3 

14.9 
l."i.  0 


l.l.  2 
17.3 


10.  1 
16.4 


16.4 
16.  5 


16.3 
16.5 


19.2 
11.8 


I".  3 
10.0 


16.4 
l,S.O 


16.0 
18.8 


24.0 
26.0 

23.7 
34.0 
26.0 
27.0 

86.  .1 
SSkl 

26.0 
2a  0 

27.0 
33.  U 

84.0 
27.0 

23.3 

29.0 

11.8 
11.0 

14.4 

10.0 

14.9 
19.0 

14.0 

10.0 

17.1 
19.8 

17.1 
13.0 

13.7 
20.4 

19.0 
18.0 

18.2 
10.1 

17.1 
17.4 


17.3 
IT.O 


17  3 
17.0 


II.  S 

19.4 


1.1,  3 
li.  8 


IT.  4 
13.8 


19.0 
13  2 


Morl.l. 
Uist. 


{Dticllnntion. 


0  13 
0  10 


o     '  " 

43  .19  09. 73 
52  03  52. 74 

37  .18  14,05 

37  43  29.  CO 
60  32  22. 10 
CO  00  28.81 

33  SO  0.1. 33 

72  34  40.21 

58  47  31.66 
39  03  27. 10 

.12  01  30,96 
43  54  10. 08 

48  .10  17.00 

49  2'.  08.  17 

24  42  53,  03 
22  51  16.53 

42  27  .10  24 
55  'M  00,  94 

31  .11  41.93 
Cj  53  17.  44 

49  49  43,  SO 

48  22  04.  79 

76  .18  41.99 
2U  47  47.03 

79  .18  IT.  39 
17  43  .V2.51 

31  .11  41.24 
65  .12  17.97 

49  19  43.  74 

48  22  03. 34 

73  12  4l.:i9 
26  04  rj.Tci 

70  5^  4.1.  liO 
21)  47  47.  .12 

79  .19  .'•9.n9 
17  45  .12,911 

39  2'1  211  !>H 
.18  4.1  40.01 

59  29  09,  99 

38  15  0T,'.!5 

49  17  39.  23 
4-1  42  12.  ,15 

32  19  19.  :h 
ti3  40  OT.  5-i 

40  07  4,^.93 
57  40  2-'.  9.1 

4  I  23  33.  TU 
54   .J  4T.87 

57  43  03.  19 
40  10  51.50 


Corrections. 


Mlcrnm. 


Level. 


-  2  25. 03 


8  19.34 
3  13.82 


+  1  41.51 
+  3  35.  C3 
+  1  16,  32 

-  8  36,  08 
+10  30. 11 

-  3  .17,  32 
+  5  3.1.  54 

-  0  46.  40 
+  5  51,07 
+  0  4a  17 
+  3  3,1. 60 

-  6  46.  59 

-  9  23.  99 
+  5  .10.  17 
4-  0  40,31 

-  3  59,  96 
+  7  32.  59 

-  0  49.  .':3 

-  3  OT.  00 
+  1  37.  4S 

-  4  04.  79 

-  0  .10.  Tl 


+0.11 

+0,27 
+0.09 

0  00 

-0.08 

-0,40 

+0.10 

-0.71 

+1.16 

-0  36 

i 
-1,07 

'  -0,02 

i 
-1.90 

-0.43 

i 

I  -1..10 

•  -1.47 

1 

•0. 10 

-0.51 

!   -0.  19 

1 
-0,31 

-0  33 

-0.01 

1 

-0, 27 
I 
I  -0.27 

-6.30 


Rofnic 


-0.15 
-0.06 


+0. 03 
+0.04 
+0. 02 
-0.14 
+0.22 
-0.07 
-1 4).  10 
-0,11 
40,  13 
+0.  13 
+0.10 
-0.11 
-0,20 
+0,  l:l 
+0. 13 
-0.  10 
+0.  13 
—  0.02 
-0,  05 
-(11.01 
-0,07 
-0,  O'S 


Reil.  to 
mrrld. 


+0,  03 


■(  0.  01 


LotUnde. 


O      I         II 

48  59  on,  28 


07.69 
03,64 


Remarks. 


.Inly  30. 


66.31 

0.1.  05 

06.46 

06.  .13 

0.1. 09 

0.1,  37 

0,1, 92 

00, 31! 

07.20 

0.1.  31 

011.35  '  AllKliat  3. 

0O29 


no  02 
00.49 
0,1,  47 

00,  .17 
on.  88 
0.1,99 
on  33 
00.13 

01,  71 
48  .19  06,  SO 


II  5 


160  UNITED  STATES  NOKTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

ObservationH  for  Latitmlc. — Station  JVo.  17 — Coutiiiueil. 


^     '\ 


!    t 


B.  A.  C. 
No. 


68:10 
(1HS5 


uu;o 


7054 
7073 


7tOO 
7IG6 


7880 
7^«■2 


7907 
7045 


7Wi2 
6014 


eo?6 
eojo 


8083 
81118 


8306 

8273 


8314 

8334 


190 
175 


108 
819 


330 
859 


O.  la-Yr.  73 
34S 


llvadlnKs. 

Ulcrom. 

Lovol. 

Morld. 
tlist. 

N. 

8. 

14. 184 

35.083 

18.3 
10.1 

15.6 
17.9 

m.  ff. 

14.030 
80.  150 

18.0 

n.o 

in.o 

17.2 

M.  110 
88.504 

19.0 

18.5 
1,'.,  0 

10.SIH 
30.  03! 

IH.  1 
17.7 

15.8 
15.0 

"o'io 

11.801 

•it.  4r^8 

18.4 
16  0 

18.0 
14.0 

9.P9S 
30.  117 

13.0 
19.0 

17  1 
11. « 

97.  019 
la-Ofil 

14.8 
18.5 

l.\8 

n.o 

19.943 
19.458 

14.6 
18.0 

15.6 
ll.S 

16.758 
3:1.067 

13.0 
13.0 

17.2 
17.3 

36.845 
13  :i6i 

10.0 
15.4 

14.8 
15.7 



85.410 
14.983 

15.9 
17.0 

1.1.7 
14.0 

93. 613 
15. 000 

17.6 
15.0 

l.l.O 
17.3 

9.647 
31. 310 

17.3 
15.4 

15.2 
17.3 



23.068 
17.553 

IP.O 
14.8 

11.8 
18.1 

98.538 
18.  419 

15.9 
18.0 

17.1 
15.3 

17.994 

saci3 

18.7 
14.3 

15.5 
19.8 

Decltnation. 


47  30  20.74 
50  33  5.-1,94 


30  88  15.  47 

01  41  :a.  05 


Gl  51  99.  59 
30  08  lU.  03 


42  45  .11.71 
53  33  48.  50 


48  50  18.88 

49  85  09.  3k 


74  48  56.  02 
28  54  17.  43 


41  17  14.011 
56  85  4;L  04 


49  88  03.  (H 

48  36  30.  96 


56  S3  91.  .17 
41  83  81.45 


30  37  .12. 05 
07  00  81.28 


73  42  2.1.90 
84  20  34.  47 


60  49  .1.1.  98 
:17  16  17. 15 


32  .13  14.  45 
05  37  17. 84 


47  35  40. 78 
50  10  48.70 


CO  35  51. 01 
37  48  511. 03 


67  06  21.  80 
30  45  20. 07 


Corroottoni. 


Hlcroni. 


-  6  06.S1 

-  5  67. 85 
+  2  10.  49 
-10  43.59 

-  8  38  10 
+10  96.25 
+  7  30.  35 

-  0  15  T 
■    3  10  10 

!  n  .18.  f  5 

-  5  2.1. 7li 

-  4  00. 52 
-11  09.81 
•1-  S  .11. 13 

-  8  SO.  70 
-f  3  16. 89 


Level. 


+0.50 
+0.40 
+0.85 
+0.96 
+1.,14 
+0.74 
+1..T9 
-1-1.  .10 
-1.90 
-f0.80 
-(-0.  .18 
+0.07 
+0.07 
-0.09 
+0.33 
-0.  51 


Rofrnc. 


-0.10 
-0,10 
-f  0,  03 
-0.10 
-0.14 
-f  0. 28 
+0.13 
O.Ofl 
+0.00 
+0.13 
-Oil 
-0.07 
-O.tO 
-1-0.05 
-0. 15 
-f0.07 


Kr<l.  to 
uitjrld. 


f  0.  0.1 


Mean  latitmlo  (OO  ilctcrminntionn),  48°  59'  06".30. 

f  0".489 
T  0".386 
c„  II".  063 
T,  0".  049 


Lrtitndr. 


48  59  06. 43 
06.51 
00.58 
04.33 
07.01 
nc.  38 
00.  .15 
00.38 
0.1.  M 
06.29 
06.40 
06.04 
06.21 

05.  90 

06.  :)3 
48  .19  00. 79 


Rotnaikn. 


R^eetod. 


1874. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIKRN  BOUNDARY. 

Observatioim  for  JjutUudv. 

[Astrnnomical  Station  Nn.  18— K.hI  Uirpr,  l»7J  niUos  wcHt  «f  Pi>mliina.--<HmiMvor.  .T.  F.  (livgory.  CnptAin  UnitiMl  States 
KiiKiiieorH.— Zi-iiitb  Toli'Mrtiim,  WUrtltMiiaiiu  No.  iiO.— Clirinmiiu'lor,  Nf;;UH  Siflfri'jl  No.  1.M3.J 


B.  A 

.C. 

J. 

Kea(liii(;8. 

Declhintun. 

Con  t'fl  ions. 

Micrupi. 

Lovi'l. 

Muriil. 
(ll»t. 

MiiToni. 

Level.    Kul'rar 

1 

Uivl.  to 
tiit'lid. 

LHlit(l<liV 

Keiiiaiki*. 

N. 

S. 

sun 

21.911 
10. 4:1(4 

IH.  7 
17.3 

l(i.7 
19.5 

m.  <. 

0    1      II 
49  49  44. 8:1 
48  22  Oti.  55 

/     1' 
-  4  54. 20 

-0.07      -0.1!8 

" 

0       /           */ 

49  01  01.31 

August  8. 

6047 
B07J 

37  ;il8 

13.BIW 

17.fi 
30.0 

20.0 

73  18  43.  80 
80  01  80.00 

-  7  30.  72 

-0. 10 

-0.15 

00. 83 

6114 
tiiri7 

13.  4:b 
27.  aiK) 

SO.C 
18.7 

18.0 
20.5 

70  5H  47.14 
80  47  4A  (13 

-1    7  4;l.52 

+0.18 

+0.17 

01.75 

eion 

11.5:13 
If.  or.3 

19.8 
20.0 

19.7 
19.7 

79  58  59.  Cli 
17  45  54.  U5 

i-  8  33.47 

+(J.  09 

(0  19 

00.00 

l.-i.  !l,-)0 

3;i.ui;i 

U.l 

17.7 
21.2 

.39  211  28. 47 
58  43  48.31 

-  4  07.3S 

+0.30 

-0.07 

01.33 

«;llrt 

iu.!)r.g 
3'J.  no 

19.7 
30. 0 

30.0 
30.0 

69  28  02. 09 
38  15  09.  50 

+  9  25. 38 

-0.20 

H-0.  17 

01.44 

6431 
«4;U 

I'.l.  14.1 

ai.  leo 

31.8 
19. « 

19.1 
23.0 

4)  17  4i(.  95 
48  42  14.31 

+  1  03.49 

+0.07     +0.02 

01.31 

e.Vil 
BOrO 

1!).  l(i.'> 
31.  53>! 

31.1 

31.  :f 

20.  e 

21.1 

39  18  20.  (J4 
05  40  OU.  .55 

-  1  14.27 

1 
+0.  1 1      -0.  03 

01.00 

6(re4 

6(iijl 

21.  l.'i:i 
1(1. 74.1 

31  9 
30.8 

30.  B 
21.4 

40  07  riO.  02 
57  40  30. 9:1 

-i-  3  50.  18 

+0.  10 

+0. 07 

01.  ID 

67i8 
6743 

17.  s;3 
23.11!- 

33.  1 
30.1 

19  9 
31.  a 

43  25  3.-1. 04 
54  40  49.  89 

-  2  11.  S9 

+0. 09 

-0.03 

00. 9:1 

B;fO 
8?17 

111.  .VIO 
Sl.MJ 

31.0 
31.7 

31.  1 

30.  7 

57  43  O.V  20 
40  10  53.  43 

+  1  01.  8H 

+-0.  30 

+0.  03 

01.44 

Bl^nO 
BbUo 

1-1.  m-3 

24.  (I4;l 

31.7 
3i0 

30.7 
30.  U 

47.10  31.7:1 
50  XI  51.99 

-  4  14.  1:1 

+0..-.4 

-0.07 

01.20 

6;I37 

6a70 

1(1.  oco 
2  J.  947 

23.0 
32.  0 

20.0 
20.7 

30  88  17.33 
Ul  41  54.8(1 

-  4  04. 99 

+0.  CO 

-0.07 

01.03 

70'J4 

lor.t 

l(l.(i7.1 

84.  am 

20.  n 
32.4 

21.  R 
19.9 

01  51  31.83 
36  03  11.93 

+  4  09. 00 

4  0.C9 

+0.C7 

01.23 

71(H) 
7100 

11.0:lH 
'i-.  1)30 

21. B 
21.  9 

29.3 
20.0 

43  45  .'.:i.  75 
55  33  41.  7 J 

-  8  47.  ej 

+0.71 

-0.  15 

01.  O." 

731.% 

13.  305 
2(i.  074 

19.0 
2:1.  U 

22.  D 
18.0 

5;  117  45. 29 

40  41  0:1.  (;3 

+  C  30.01 

+0.25 

-1-0.11 

01.40 

7Yi 

7:r;,. 

.  SJUS 

3:1.  in:) 
i(i.  4;>3 

21.8 
22.5 

21.1 
30.0 

38  00  42  37 
59  4J  21.01 

+  3  29.30 

+0.58 

+0.00 

01.03 

7377 
73'.W 

29.011 
ll.3lltl 

20.8 
r.'J.  1 

82.  4 
21.0 

.19  28  11.40 
38  .•i3  07. 27 

-  n  08. 01 

-0.  11 

-0.  10 

01.03 

74  111 
74.'^! 

24.TtO 
l(i.4IO 

21.1 
22.0 

22.0 
21.8 

02  0 1  10. 74 
36  07  31. 14 

-  4  19.  09 

-0.  10 

-O.O." 

01.01 

74I-0 
74rtl 

19.  CIS 

20.  (194 

21.7 

81.8 
82.0 

45  ,59  13.  15 
52  03  50.88 

-  0  :ii  H) 

-0.10 

-0.01 

49  01  U1.74 

N  B- 


-11 


161 


162 


UXITKD  STATES  NOltTHEUN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


ililU 


1;! 


Obnervationii  for  Latitude. — Stution  Xo.  18 — Coiitiniipd. 


=!i  t! 


B.  A.  C. 

No. 


756(1 
1303 


7627 
7lil<a 


1755 
77(iS 


7787 
780(1 


7880 

7883 


7907 
-1M5 


7!Wa 

eon 


8036 
803U 


eoat 

B1U4 


saofl 

8273 


8314 
83il4 


190 
173 


103 
iilO 


230 
830 


IS-Tr.  73 
345 


401 
438 


SHSS 

son 


B047 
6073 


6114 

0157 


6318 
63li5 


6421 
0470 


6553 
0586 


lU-ndlnKA. 


Micixm. 


13.023 
•M.  407 


31. 044 
10.  763 


16.318 
84.  808 


17.609 
3;l.  735 


13. 9.55 
86. 070 


8.010 
31.014 


99.107 
10.835 


18. 933 
81. 460 


IIS.  110 
83.010 


as-Jiio 

11.737 


83.  ,VJ7 
16.080 


29.204 
18.119 


11.301 
8'.>.  8(>3 


8.5.  04) 
1.5.  833 


90.904 
13, 747 


1.5.  180 
85.  l.^iO 


30.  017 
10.3t^U 


95.35" 
15.910 


97.  004 
18.  008 


la.  5.10 
87.  478 


11.  on 

88.170 


16.  510 
84.  442 


11.540 

SO.  784 


10. 158 
81.  855 


10.909 
81.389 


LoTol. 


90.0 
88.0 


Si.  7 
31.0 


17.7 
84.5 


80.0 
81.  U 


28.0 
80.0 


81.1 
80.8 


89.0 
81.  U 


91.0 
80.7 


81.0 
38.0 


81.8 
81  3 


21.0 
88.4 


83.0 
88.4 


83.  3 
81.  U 


82.4 
91.5 


91.0 
83.7 


90.0 
83.7 


88.0 
28.0 


14.8 
14.0 


17.0 
13.9 


14.0 

15.8 


14.0 
16.8 


18.5 
13.3 


17.4 
13.0 


14.0 
19.0 


18.8 
19.0 


33.5 
81. 8 


81. 1 

81.0 


8.5.0 
1&4 


90.0 
83.1 


81.9 
89.3 


81.0 
88.0 


81.  .I 
88.0 


98.0 
81.0 


8a  0 
80.8 


88.0 
80.9 


8i0 
81.9 


81.0 
8;l.  U 


88.  1 
81.  0 


a:).fl 

81.  U 


91.0 
81.0 


l.i.  0 
Jli.O 


13.9 
17.  5 


16.0 
10.  1 


17.9 
1U.3 


14.8 
90.  II 


10.3 
88.  7 


28.0 
17.3 


18.0 
18.3 


Jforlil. 
lllat. 


Declination. 


CorreottoiM. 


48  38. 81 
38  8.5.  m 


i  90  06.  03 
!  34  49. 93 


47  3ft  88 

05  30.:i3 


<,  01  34.  46 
I  54  13.  45 


.50  90.  41 
85  11.56 


42  .59.  29 
!  54  19.  Od 


17  16.08 
25  4.1. 8.1 


29  116. 09 
36  38. 35 


I  9"  93.  73 
1  83  83.  48 


37  54.  70 
06  83.  33 


42  30.90 
80  30.41 


49  .57.  89 
10  18.87 


I  .53  10. 05 
;  27  10.  Ik) 


33  42.41 
10  ,50.  45 


23  .5i:.;i;i 
4:1  ou.  i;i 


05  23.  5- 
43  81.  49 


1  01  .53.01 
P  3li  51,07 


19  45,  01 
28  110.  IH 


!  18  48.00 
;  01  81.112 


59  47.  31 
47  4-^.  71 


,■«  .59.  85 
45  51.  17 


80  28.65 
43  48.  ;.8 


88  02.  :io 
13  09.70 


17  41,1- 
48  14.  .54 


18  81.11 
40  09.  88 


Mtcrom. 

-  6  37.  79 
4-  3  33.78 
+  4  96.83 
+  3  07.71 

-  6  4I,8<3 


Level. 

-0.18 
-0.07 
-0.37 
-0.87 
-0.38 


+18  28.  34  I  -0.  51 


+  0  30.  38 
+  1  40,  18 
+  5  07.71 
+  8  .58,  20 
3  3109 

-  8  00  «l 

-  0  16.  15 
-1-  4  44.85 

-  0  20,  95 
f  5  09.  70 
+  10  09.  fO 

-  4  .'3.  48 

-  7  30.  1(> 
I-  7  44.  14 


0.00 
-0.33 

0.00 
+0.20 
+0.  II 
+0,11 
+0,  80 
-0,  87 
+0.08 
-0.09 
-0. 35 
-(),  49 
-0.11 
-0.  51 


I 
+  8  31.  19  '  -0.89 


-  4  00.39 
■(-  9  20,71 

f    1  05.  14 

-  1  II.  15 


-0.  07 
-1.91 
-1,40 
+0,  30 


RentlO. 

-on 

+0,07 
+0.08 
+0. 05 

-0.11 

-;-o.80 

+0.17 
+0. 09 
+0.00 
+0.17 
-0.07 
-0.01 
-0.17 


Rm).  to 
nicriil. 


+0.08  I 


-0.11 
+0.10 
+0.10 
-0.09 
-0.13 
+0.17 
+0.10 
-0,07 
+0  17 
+0,  08 
-0.08 


I.ntltuilo. 


49  01  01.84 
01.70 
CO.  95 
(II  41 
01,81 
01.91 
01.  .50 
08. 05 
01.37 
111.  .59 
01.08 
01.  .57 
01.70 
01.09 
01,43 
08. 34 
08.09 
01.79 
01.  .57 
01,  88 

00,  ,50 

01.  45 
01.27 
01,08 

43  01  01. 07 


Kcmarkn. 


AiigtiAt  0. 


REPORT  OF  THK  cniEF  ASTRONOMER. 


1G3 


Obnerratiom  for  Tjatitude, — Station  Xo.  18— Continuod. 


D.  A.  c. 
No. 


RAadiugs. 


Miorom. 


6681 


7034 

lorj 


1100 
7106 


7415 
7877 


706S 
80S4 


8010 

eOiit 


81-Jd 


R.1I4 
HJH 


ISO 
175 


fil'.l 


8:in 


Or.  U-Tr.  73 
Mi 


401 


84.  S4'} 

16.  tl;!4 


16  741 

84. 74.-1 


11.r.75 
88.541 


14.015 

86. 70i4 


89. 851 
10.  ilU4 


18.  4.^:1 
81.  Ij  0 


l.'i.n.-iO 
84,  %l 


8(1. 17fl 
18.  U.)7 


ai.  6.'i0 
16.  8il 


88.  518 
18.  4:l'i 


11.770 
89.  705 


a.-..  8-14 
16.  185 


Bt).  803 
i:i.  768 


l^.  468 
85.417 


10.886 


Level. 


N.        8, 


18. 7 
19.0 


17.8 
19.  ;i 


17.  I 

80.0 


80.6 
17.9 


80.3 

19.4 


17.9 
80.7 


1».8 
81.0 


81.0 

18.0 


88.0 
19.4 


80.7 
81.0 


81.5 
80.0 


18.  5 
81. 1 


80.1 
89.8 


81.8 
19.' 


19.0 
19.  I 


19.0 
18.0 


16.11 
81.4 


80.1 

17.8 


15.5 
81.9 


10.7 
80.4 


88.0 
19.  I 


81.7 

19.(1 


19.0 
88.  U 


18.0 
81.0 


19.8 
19.7 


19.0 
80.6 


83.0 
17.4 


80.5 
80.5 


19.5 
81.7 


Moriil. 
dial. 


DeoliDntlnn. 


lllcrom. 


40  07  50.  85 
.'i7  46  31.81 


01  51  38. 17 
3C  08  18.  81 


48  45  54.  06 
05  33  45.  07 


.')7  07  4.'..  61 
40  41  U3.94 


41  17  17.05 
56  85  4.').  01 


49  38  06.  39 

4J  M  38.  78 


.56  88  81.  11 
41  83  8J.76 


?0  37  K.  01 
67  06  83.78 


73  48  31.  88 
81  86  36.  73 


60  49  54  31 
37  16  19.  18 


38  53  16.  35 
65  87  19.  94 


47  35  48.  73 

00  16  ,511. 77 


60  85  .1C.  <):> 
37  49  00. 90 


67  06  8:). »! 
30  45  81.  77 


88  04  51.  as 
69  36  .'.I  9i 


+  3  SO.  43 
-)■  4  08.  C3 

-  9  47.  01 
.f-  6  37.  OS 
-f-  0  89. 91 
+  1  39.81 
+  5  07.96 
+  8  51.  ?3 

-  3  38.  13 

-  3  07.  86 

-  9  17. 11 
+  4  4.^57 

-  6  88. 13 
+  5  09.83 
+10  09.  55 


Lord. 

-0.09 
-0.18 
-0.97 
-0.18 
-0.43 
-0.09 
-0.  M 
-0.80 
-0.  45 
+0.40 
+0.49 
+0.48 
+0.49 
-0.16 
-0.03 


Refrnt 


+0.07 
+0.07 
-0. 10 
+0.11 
+0.17 
+0.08 
+0.09 
+0.17 
-0.07 
-0.03 
-0.17 
+0.08 
-0.11 
+0.10 
+0.19 


Roil.  1(1 
invrid. 


+0.01 


+0.  08 


Lnlltiiilc. 


Of  /' 

49  01  01.  44 
00.78 
Oa.  13 
01.80 
00.09 
0}.39 
01.43 
01.18 
01.  35 
01.33 
01.35 
00.83 
01.03 
03.01 

49  01  08.  33 


Mean  latitiidi'  (>IU  deternilnntiaiiH),  49°  01'  0I."43 

t  =  0".4I3 
r  =  0".875 
f„  i=  (V'.O.'i:! 
Tm  =  U".OXi 


'?; 


fi 


i4 


1874. 
UNITED  STATES  NORTUEllN  BOUNDARY. 

Obnervations  for  Latitude. 

Astrouomicul  SlAtlou  Xo.  r.)— North  Fork  of  Milk  Uivi-r,  1l«  nillon  wpat  of  Poniblnn.-Ohaerrpr,  J.  F.  Orngor;,  Captain 
Uuitttil  Stateu  KngincerH.— ZoliitU  TeluHcnpe,  Wurdumaiiu  N'o.  '^U.— ChninoniPter,  Ni-t;uH  Siilon'nl  No.  15lJ.j 


aA.c. 

No. 


C047 
(073 


eiu 

6157 


7nao 

Or.T-Yr.aauS 

7377 
7396 

7416 
745:1 

7400 
7469 

7560 
1595 

7087 
76«6 

7755 
7765 

7880 

7907 
7945 

7!WS 
t!0-.j4 

m3fi 
6059 

8083 
ei-J8 

8306 
8273 

8314 
8334 

46 
87 

130 
175 

198 
319 

339 
359 

164^ 


Kradlngs. 


Mlcrom. 


87.  507 
11.014 


13.363 
36.  103 


23.  288 
17. 546 


29.720 
111.  045 


85.  470 
15.  OtO 


IH.  189 
21.317 


13.  1S7 
37.  OeO 


22.264 
17.  447 


17.084 
3:1.  «01 


12.051 
37.730 


8.693 
30.  537 


28.237 
11.938 


19.  OOrt 
21.083 


15.  475 
23.341 


27.  474 
13.304 


24.  599 
!.■).  7liO 


33.  r.K 

10.985 


in.  431 
30.  373 


33.  895 
16.  773 


87. 147 
13:689 


Lent 


15.5 
18.0 


16.9 
18.5 


19.0 
17.5 


18.5 
18.6 


18.0 
30.7 


19. 9 

18.8 


19.5 
30.0 


19.  5 
21. 9 


21.0 
30.8 


21.  5 
21.4 


20.9 
21.8 


22.  3 
21.1 


21.9 
20.7 


21.  5 
33.0 


23.4 
20.7 


32. 8 
30.8 


3,'i.  2 
21.9 


2.').  5 
31.8 


21.4 
3'.  3 


3:1.5 
33.8 


19.0 
17.0 


18.6 
17.0 


18.0 
30.  S 


19.8 
30  0 


20.1 
16.4 


19.1 
30.6 


30.1 
19. 1 


30.8 
19.0 


30.0 
31.0 


30.8 
31.5 


22.0 
21.0 


21.1 
33.9 


22.3 
23.7 


33.0 
33.9 


2:1.  6 
25.7 


21.9 
25.4 


23.0 
25.8 


2:1. 0 

35.0 


34.0 
81.  8 


Meriil. 
ilJst. 


DocllDatlon. 


72  13  43  :,4 
28  04  31.  45 


70  58  47.  95 
20  47  49. 17 


38  09  43.  76 
59  45  23.  09 


59  28  13. 09 
38  53  08.  70 


83  03  12.  44 
38  01  32.  54 


45  .59  14.69 

.'.3  03  51.  94 


37  43  34.27 

CO  ;>2  27.  58 


25  20  07. 25 
73  34  61.  73 


58  41  40. 04 
39.  03  31. 88 


48  50  33. 01 

49  33  13. 34 


14  43  01.04 
33  54  30. 39 


41  II  18,34 
50  35  40,91 


49  32  07.  89 
48  36  40.01 


.'.0  28  25.  46 
41  23  34.  97 


30  31  50.  01 
07  00  2.5.  06 


73  ii  :12.  61 
24  20  37. 89 


00  49  59.  50 
37  16  20.  27 


33  .53  17. 39 
05  37  31. 14 


47  33  4,1.  87 
50  16  51.  90 


CO  23  57. 79 
37  49  01.  93 


Mlcrom.       Lovol.    Kefrac. 


-  6  :13.  33 
H-  6  40.68 
+  3  37. 34 
-10  11.16 

-  5  33.  08 

-  1  37.  17 

-  7  30.38 
+  3  39.  03 
+  3  33.00 

-  1  4ft  09 
+  11  18.33 
+  8  30.30 
+  0  36.  50 
+  4  04. 34 
+  1  49.  36 

-  4  34.  57 

-  3  10. 94 
-10  19.  40 
+  3  41.  ai 

-  1  89. 13 


-0.  .'.0 
-0.04 
-0.45 
-0.60 
-0.09 
-0.33 
-0.01 
+  0.36 
-0.07 
+  0.  13 
-0.20 
-0. 13 
-0.14 
-0.  54 
-0.85 
-1.37 
-0.04 
-0.11 
-0.29 
-0.11 


-0. 17 
+0. 14 
+  0.04 
-0.18 
-0  10 
-0. 03 
-0.13 
+0.  05 
+0.00 
-0. 13 
+0.83 
+0  15 
+0.01 
+0.07 
+0.15 
-0.09 
-0. 05 
-0.20 
+000 
-0  13 


ICril.  to 
lUtTlU. 


Lntltudfl. 


o     I       " 
48  50  59.  43 

59.34 

60.  05 

:<e.  95 

.59. 34 
,58.01 
80.:i4 
59.  ,54 
r.9.  00 
59.  ,50 
58.  93 
.58.  91 
,59. 63 
.59.  08 
59. 2.3 
,'.9. 28 
58.  83 
.59.  ,50 
58.88 
48  S9  89.90 


Rcniarka. 


AllgUHt  13. 


::ili 


liKPOKT  OK  Tin;  (;IIIKI'  astijonomkh. 

ObMCrratioHn  for  Latitude. — Stutiuii  Mo.  IK — Cuutiiiiiod. 


lOf) 


D.  AC. 

Ku. 

Kp:i(lln);f4. 

Ducllnulion. 

Curructiunii. 

LlltltlHl.'. 

Ki'llmlkn. 

Micruni. 

Ldvcl. 

Morlil. 
dial. 

Miuroiu. 

Level. 
-1.25 

1 

N. 

B. 

Or.  l3Yr.7;i 
■Jt:, 

iri.(H:i 

23.3 

8.M 
25.4 

TO.  ». 

67  00  2.\  17 
30  45  23.  73 

,      „ 
f  4  06.  95 

" 

+0.08 

^^ 

48  59  69.73 

401 

!W.!Kia 

ii.;ii3 

24.0 

3;i.3 

23.8 
24.3 

28  04  54.  21 
09  30  .53.98 

+  9  06.  40 

-0.18 

1  0.  17 

59.98 

.Vila 

lid.  9:i,'i 

II.4UJ 

12  8 

8.0 

11.0 

10.  4 

0  lU 

31  54  4.-..  54 
05  53  111.  74 

■i    0  27.36 

-1.03 

+0.  la 

+0.01 

59.09 

Allgu.Ht  14. 

O'JII 

'ja.  sua 

U.  71IJ 

1U.5 

10.4 
l.-).0 

49  49  4.V5I 

48  23  07.  3li 

-  5  .'.6  29 

-0.27 

-0.10 

50.74 

6047 
liU73 

i!7.  8.-.8 

ii.a4i 

14.8 
13.0 

13.0 
14.8 

:;:;;:: 

73  13  4.1.09 
20  01  31.  ,'.7 

-  8  33.  07 

■(0.03 

-0.17 

.'•9.41 

ui:i7 

i:i.7.-.4 

aii.  (J37 

13.0 
13.  0 

14.7 
13.0 

76  58  4-'.  1 1 
30  47  4.1. 30 

-)    6  40.81 

.(  0. 07 

i  0.  14 

59.70 

li'JdC 

ti'JI.'l 

ll!.;)!>2 
SU.  11-JO 

13.8 
14.7 

l.'..B 
13.  9 

711  .59  00.  73 
17  40  54.  09 

1    7  31.2. 

-0.  45 

+».  17 

58.11 

liiiiB 

tiUK.I 

14.710 
t!4.  O'.ll 

1.-.," 
14.  1 

13.0 
11.0 

39  2li  29.  40 
.58  43  49.  48 

-  5  10  13 

4  0.47 

-0.  09 

59. 7a 

mif 

13.  I!i:l 
•8. 3."i3 

13.0 
15  7 

1.1.  2 
13  U 

511  88  03.  90 
38  10  10  50 

+  8  31.  98 
^-  0  Ofl.03 

-1  0.  1 1 

1-0. 15 

59.47 

c.rti 

SO.  aio 
io.aii 

14.0 
14.8 

14.7 
14.U 

49  17  43.  19 
48  43  i:..  .19 

+  O.03 

0.00  I 

58.94 

li.'je« 

ifi.acT 

'ii.  HrU 

Iti.O 
13.7 

13.0 
Ki.O 

32  18  23.01 
05  40  11.07 

-  2  17.  08 

fO.  10 

-0.04    

.59.  .59 

Ull-.M 

litlfl 

s:t.  277 
17.800 

14.0 
14.9 

1.-..9 
l.-i.  5 

40  07  01.88 
57  46  33.  47 

+  a  47.  34 

-0.56 

+  0.00 

.VJ.OO 

«7'JH 
ti74l< 

fi7rtO 
tiji|7 

10.  67.'i 
Hi  931 

90.  4-21 

sai.  :i!i7 

13.9 
15.9 

16.0 
13.  0 

10.8 
14.9 

14.9 
17.8 

43  25  .37.  08 
54  40  51.49 

57  43  06.91 
40  16  54.  80 

-  3  11.3:1 

-  0  00.  70 

-0.  .13 

-0.8) 

-0.05 
0  IKI 

59. 4H 
59.31 

tifll.') 

ll.il.'iH 
B5.  15!) 

14.9 
13.0 

1,').  9 
17.7 

47  30  33.  30 
50  33  .59  0  J 

-  5  16.87 

- 1.  27 

-0.08 

58.94 

(8170 

i.'i.aai 

2.'i.li44 

14. « 

KUI 

15.9 
14.  ii 

3fi  28  18.  7li 
61  41  50.08 

-  0  08.21 

i  0. 113 

-0.09 

59.41 

70':4 

7(i;;i 

17.  4,10 
S3.  411 

10.0 
13.9 

14.8 

10.9 

61  51  .3:1.65 
30  (U  13,41 

+  3  o.\7:i 

-0.4:1 

-1-0.00    

5S.97 

riH.-,:i 
.'.Ull 

('.(1 17 

r,07:i 

•2.'>.9I11 
14,  4.V1 

28. 12;l 
11.  .VJ 

14.9 
14.0 

ll.fi 
19.0 

lfi.9 
17.7 

17.7 
13.0 

49  49  45.  07 
48  23  07.  40 

73  19  43.  85 
26  01  31.08 

-  5  Oil.  17 

-  8  .3.1.81 

-1.16 
i  0. 00 

-0.10 
-0.17 

.59.  10 
59.  41 

AllKMS',  1.5, 

nil 

(ll,'.7 

13.  2,1J 
W.  I£l 

I.-..  7 
10.8 

1II.R 
10.  1 

76  .5-  4^.28 
20  47  4:1.  38 

-1    0  4".  43 

-0.0;) 

1  0. 11 

.59.31 

ll-.1)ci 
liJIJ 

13.811 
27.  3'J3 

1.-..  9 
17.  1 

17.1 

l(i.  4 

79  .59  00.  91 
17  45  04.80 

+  7  30.  7;i 

-0.11 

+  0,17 

....   ... 

58.70 

li'.'CiH 
li'JH!) 

I4.8fl."i 
21.  873 

17.3 
15.  t) 

Ifi.ll 
18.3 

39  2li  2:1.61 
58  4;l  49. 68 

-  5  09. 93 

-I1..I7 

-0.09 

.59.  17 

li:ilH 

(ill).-! 

11.  WO 

28.  181 

I.'i.  1 

18.9 

19  0 
Ifi.  4 

.59  38  04. 10 
38  15  10.74 

+  8  23.  70 

■f0.3l 

+  0.15 

60.01 

(ii-.n 

0I7G 

2'l.  100 
20.1111 

10.  5 
18.0 

19.0 
17.8 

49  17  43.  40 
48  43  1.-1.80 

+  0  00.  .5:1 

-0.51 

0.00 

59.  18 

r..-iri:i 

658(i 

18.  .'."0 
23. 083 

19.0 
lli.1 

17.4 
20.  1 

;«  18  23.23 
60  40  11.33 

-  2  16.77 

-  0  60 

-0.01 



4-  ,->U  59.  3li 

Ii  ■ 


I  i 


0 


1       S    ! 


'    i 

■i 


■i 


166  UNITED  STATES  NORTUEUN  llOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 

OlHirvatmin  for  Latitude. — Station  Ho.  lU — Contiuued. 


u.  A.  c. 

No. 


0II34 


OTiW 
0748 


A780 

esi7 


68.10 

Sues 


69:n 
ti970 


7094 
7073 


7100 
7106 


781.1 
7877 


7330 
Or.  7.Yr.  8395 


r.m 
T.m 


7410 
7453 


7460 

74(i9 


7.'ififl 
7595 


7097 
7«f6 


77.13 
7705 


77«7 
7800 


7SS0 
786:1 


Ki'lilliDfl'. 


Mloron. 


83.290 
17.899 


10.881 
83.141 


80.003 
80.  538 


15.  0.18 
85.896 


1.1.  480 
35.410 


17. 873 
9a83H 


10.  .140 
89.  508 


1.1. 100 
85.  839 


82.  301 
17.055 


30.  404 
10.703 


85.  690 
15.880 


19.084 
88.100 


11915 
87. 510 


89.497 
17.692 


17.338 
83.857 


18.  .187 
88.559 


13.996 
88.385 


Level. 


N. 


17.3 
17.8 


17.9 
91.8 


19.0 
19.0 


1M.7 
88  0 


19,1 
81.1 


19.0 
81.8 


91.9 

18.4 


19.8 
90.5 


91.5 
19.7 


17.9 
83.1 


21.8 
20.0 


81.3 
19.9 


20.4 
80.0 


19.9 
19.5 


l!>.e 
19.8 


17.6 
81.7 


91.7 
17.7 


19.  5 
19.4 


20.1 
10.4 


18.8 
19.  1 


80  0 
17.3 


80.7 
18.8 


91.4 
19.3 


18.8 
88.4 


91.0 
90.7 


90.0 
81.8 


93.8 
lb.  5 


80  4 

92. 0 


20  5 
21.8 


80.0 
8U.9 


20  8 
80.4 


20  0 
19.9 


21.9 
17.7 


17.0 
84  0 


Mxrld. 
dial. 


DocUunlloo. 


40  07  6'J.  14 
57  40  38.74 


43  •J.l  37.  33 
54  40  .11.  70 


.17  41  07.  19 
40  lU  55.11 


47  36  33.  .10 
50  33  59.  t9 


;'6  29  19.01 
01  41  56.  09 


61  51  33.99 
30  08  13.09 


48  45  1.1. 07 
55  33  40, 90 


57  07  47.  .18 
40  41  05.60 


38  0!t  44.  29 
59  45  8:1. 34 


59  28  13.74 
38  58  09. 24 


68  0:l  13.  10 
36  07  33.  (JO 


45  .19  1.1.  29 
53  03  ,18. 56 


37  43  34. 88 
60  38  28. 25 


25  20  07.  09 
78  34  58.  44 


,18  47  40.70 
39  05  38  48 


.13  01  36.80 
45  54  15, 60 


48  50  82, 68 

49  85  13,85 


Currwtinim. 


Mivruui, 


+  9  47. 65 

-  3  10.38 

-  0  08. 81 

-  S  IS.  03 
-5  08.46 
-I-  3  05. 89 

-  9  51.07 
+  S  33. 59 
-f  3  80.  18 
-10  11.97 

-  5  23. 37 

-  1  37.  60 

-  7  32. 18 
+  iW.W 
+  3  93.09 
-I-  a  0.3,  48 

-  7  49.  02 


J.OVtil. 

II 
-0.83 

.fO.48 

+OkOa 

+0.78 

+0.10 

-0.11 

-0.80 

-0.S8 

-0.13 

-0.89 

-0.87 

-0.85 

-ass 

-0.36 
-0,11 
-0.07 
-0.04 


Itefrao. 


Kril.  In 
niirlcl. 


+0,05 

-0.05 

0,00 

-a  08 

-0.0» 

+ao5 

-fl.  18 
+  0,10 
+  0.04 
-0.18 
-0.10 
-0.03 
-0.13 
+  0.05 
+  0,06 
+0.03 
-0.13 


HoaQ  latitude  (68  cleturniin'itioiis),  48°  SO*  59".31. 
>    =    i   0"405 
T   =    ±  0".'.'7(1 
,.  =   ±  0".051 
T,  =   i  V'.VM 


Latitude. 


0      '         " 
48  59  59. 89 

oaoo 

58.90 
59.38 
S9.el 
59.07 
59.84 
89,67 
59.90 
59.05 
S9.  34 
59.05 
59:03 
59.01 
Sft80 
59.67 
48  59  59,08 


Kenuwki. 


! 


1H74. 
UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUN  BOUNDARY. 

Observationii  for  Latitude. 

[Aatronomlcnl  Htntlnn  No,  SO— Chief  Mtmiitiiin  I.itkr,  Tr*!)  niili'H  wrst  tif  Prmbliin.— Olinrrvnr,  >r.  F.  Grpfrnry,  CnpUlu  Uulted 
8(uUm  Kn};lDti«rB.— /imitU  Tt'lvHi^iiic,  Wiinluiiianii  Nii.  *•>().— L'lii'oiioniuU-r,  NcgiiH  Sitloreut  Nd.'im:!, 


n.  A.  c. 

Ho. 


earn 


U4.il 
04711 


nsri:! 

liSBli 


filt'J4 
(ICdl 


6TJ8 
ti74d 


1171=0 
0*17 


GrOj 


cb:i7 
(iU70 


1I0U 
71G(i 


U-21 
C470 


055;i 
CiCU 


0084 
OOKl 


e-4s 


8780 
6817 


68:i0 
0803 


0937 
CU70 


7024 
7073 


KeoiUiigH. 


Uirroiu 


l'.>.  :i04 

so.  U'J4 


14.  mti 

Si4. 7U0 


II.  WO 


19.  llOli 
!iO.  007 


17.  (140 

ai  aco 


S•in^!) 
17.491 


111.  777 
a-A  997 


aO.  100 

ail.  17.-I 


14.701 

ai.  Mil 


14.  !ia:i 
a  I.  eU4 


to.  K>:\ 
W.  V.I 


ii.7i;i 

27. 979 


20. 17« 
20.201 


1S.27B 

22.  cm 


2:1.  i.i:i 
17.  724 


17.027 
£l.aJC 


20.  MO 
20.54J 


14. 049 
25. 124 


1.1. 293 
23.178 


17.  743 
23.738 


Liivul. 


N. 


211.  .1 
211. 0 


III.M 
24.1 


2il 

19.0 


a  I..'! 

21.0 


21.  R 

22.  U 


20.  P 
23.0 


24.1 
22.  I 


24.0 
23.0 


aao 

20.  1 


24.0 
24.0 


10.9 
13.1 


10.9 
1?.7 


17.9 
17.8 


ir..7 

21.0 


I. '1.9 
21.0 


IKO 
18.0 


17.2 

19.9 


1C.9 
21.0 


19.5 
19.  U 


20.  S 
21.1 


22.  4 
2U.  1 


20.2 
24.0 


21. 8 
21.5 


22.2 
23.  U 


24.0 
22. 4 


24.1 
IV.  9 


21.8 
24.0 


82.1 
24.0 


84.  n 
21.3 


23.0 
25.  U 


14.  r> 
21.8 


IS.  4 

10.8 


17.8 
lo.  5 


20.0 
10.0 


20.!) 
ICO 


19.0 
19.0 


19.9 
17.2 


80.6 
16.3 


18.0 
18.6 


Mxrill. 
dial. 


0  6 


Docliimtiuu. 


79  SO  02.  47 
17  4.'i  .M.  «i 


39  20  31.  12 

.'i^  43  51.  M 


.I'l  21  0."..  ft 
3S  15  12.30 


49  17  4 1. 25 

48  42  17.  09 


32  Irt  23.90 
03  40  1.1.53 


40  07  54. 02 
67  40  35.  01 


43  25  30.  43 
51  40  54.  09 


S7  43  09.  SI 
40  10  57.  '.M 


47  30  3.5,  85 
50  31  02.31 


30  2H  21.  13 
01  41  59.  02 


42  45  .58.  17 
55  53  49.  CO 


59  2t  OR.  12 
3d  15  12.59 


49  17  44.53 
4t<  42  18.  OO 


32  18  24.  IC 
C5  40  13.92 


40  07  54.  34 
57  40  3.").  42 


43  25  39.  81 
54  40  54.  52 


57  43  10.03 
40.  IC  57. 61 


47  3C  30.  28 
50  34  02.  75 


30  28  21.  53 
01  42  OO.  14 


01  51  37.2:1 
30  02  10.31 


('orrfctliiiiH, 


Ikllcruiii. 


Level. 


Rcfrnc 


+  7  34.14 

-  5  00. 28 
+  8  20.  51 
^-  0  01. 27 

-  2  II.  19 
+  a  50.  78 

-  3  13.21 
+  0  00.  47 

-  5  1.5.  CO 

-  5  00. 93 

-  9  49.87 
+  8  25. 27 


-0.  II 
-0.  13 


+0.  17 
-0.09 

-0.09     -(0.15 

i 

-|0.  oj  j     0.00 

-0.31      -0.  Ul 

-0.  58     -1  0.  05 

I 
-10.83  '   -0.05 

t 
-fO.  0;i         0.00 

+0.20  ■  -0.08 

i 
-fO.  71  ''   -0,09 

-O.'.'O  ■  -0.  18 

! 
-0.71  ■  -i  0.  15 


+  0  02.  58  j  -fO.  09 


0.00 


-  2  14,81      -0.13  ,  -0.04 

i  I 

+  2  48.01  I  -f0,02     +(.05 

i  I 

-0,  05 


-  3  12.  87  [      0. 00 

1 
+  0  00,  09      -0,  45 


-  5  10,  07 

-  5  07,  05 
+  3  00, 25 


0.00 


Rpcl.  to 

iiiurid. 


Lit  lliiitc. 


+0,01 


+0.02  1 


0.00 
-0.08 


+0.22  ;  -0.09 


+0.42  j    )0.05 


49  00  03.  30 
04.  75 
0.5.  Oi 
02.27 
04.  17 
04.77 
04.  33 
0.1, 90 

03.  CO 
01. 00 
01.25 

04,  03 
03. 94 
04,  Oli 
03,  :,:i 
04. 24 
03.  40 
03, 37 
03.91 

49  00  03,  49 


UemarkB. 


AoRUat  83. 


Ri^ouUd. 


All;'OHt  S.*), 


I 

- 

I 


1 1 


-' 


168  UNITED  STATES  NORTIIEUN  IIOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 

Ob»en'ation»  for  Latitude. — Station  Xo,  UO — Cuiitiiiiiuil, 


B.  A.  0. 
No. 


■100 
'10(1 


■J  1.1 


-.120 
<lr.7-Yr.*)j:i 


::i77 

-.I'.W 


Tien 

74f« 


IXC 
7505 


1627 
70!'0 


77.','> 
77B,-| 


7R50 

7«lJi 


1M7 
70'lj 


7!iri'3 
6024 


go:«i 
805!) 


MSI 

872!" 


82011 
827:l 


fail 


120 
175 


19H 
21!) 


839 
251) 


Gr.  12yr.73 
345 


401 

438 


474 

487 


nrwltaga. 


Mlcroiu. 


«).  mi 

14.1174 
25.  7J0 

2-J.  30.'i 
17.(144 

30.  478 
10.  707 

2.1.  020 

I. V  2:10 

H.  723 

21.  C31 

12.030 

27.  473 

22. 344 
17.530 

17.  10« 

23.  (170 

IS.  .WJ 

22.  510 

13.  171 

2!".  240 

!).  000 
30. 004 

98.478 
12.1G0 

10.  .VO 
20.  782 

10.  073 
23.050 

28.  fiia 
13. 507 

24.  841 
10.017 

23.  2.17 
17.159 

10.  071 

30.  557 

23.  877 

10.  C99 

27.  002 
13. 154 

111.274 
21.273 

20.(107 

1 1.  905 

13.895 
10.097 
21.. 1(1 1 

28.  2.14 


r.ov.'i. 


18.  a 
21.0 


IH,4 
^0  2 


10.0 
21.0 


10.0 
20. 5 


20. 0 
20. 0 


10.0 
22.0 


20.1 
21.0 


20.0 
21.0 


10.0 

21.  G 


20.  i 
20.7 


10.8 
21.0 


10.8 
20.7 


21.0 
10.  0 

10.  n 

20.9 

19.0 
21. 1 

80.0 
20. 5 

21/.  2 
20.4 

10.8 
21.0 

10.0 
21.1 

21.2 
17.0 

19.9 
20.1 

20.8 
20.  1 

10.9 
20.  0 
20.  9 
21.0 


10.0 
17.0 


10.  H 
I&  1 


10.8 
18.0 


20.0 
l.-.O 


19.5 

19.8 


20  9 
18.0 


19.8 
10.  2 


10.8 
10.  4 


21.7 
18. 5 


20.  1 
19.  8 

20.7 
19.7 

81.0 
19.9 

80.0 
10.3 

10.8 

21.  4 

SI.O 
19.0 

91.3 
20.1 

21.4 
20.7 

21.0 
20.0 

21.4 

21.0 

22.  0 
20.2 

200 

23.  5 

21.9 
21.5 

21.1 
22. 0 

22.0 
21.  0 
21.8 
21. 9 


Iklorlll. 
dlat. 


Dvi'Uunlluii. 


CorrortlnuB. 


42  45  58.01 
55  33  ;A  13 

57  07  .'.0.  84 

40  41  08.  ;>3 

:i8  09  47.  IS 
.V.)  45  20.  el 

.19  98  17.27 
3H  52  12.  22 

02  03  10.  n 
311  U7  3.1.  92 

45  .19  m.'.8 
52  04  0-i.  00 

37  42  37.  83 
CO  32  91.93 

83  20  10.  91 
7'.<  34  50.  30 

58  47  44.  42 

39  05  3.1.  ,1(1 

52  01  40.  30 
45  54  10.00 

48  .V)  20.  IS 

49  25  17.37 

74  43  0,1,  04 
22  54  2.1. 20 

41  17  22.08 
511  25  51.28 

40  22  11,80 
48  30  44, 09 

.10  28  29,  75 

41  2,1  28,70 

30  37  ,10.  35 
07  00  20,  38 

73  42  311.  03 
24  2G  40.  53 

CO  ,10  03, 54 
37  10  23,  00 

39  53  20.  ,17 
(15  27  25. 03 

47  35  47. 42 

.10  111  55.  49 

no  80  01.55 
37  40  03.  15 

07  00  99.09 
;iO  45  8.1.  59 

88  04  .10.09 
09  30  50. 35 

48  04  48.  34 
47  .19  211.  49 
.10  113  10.  51 
.10  10  12.38 


Ulcrom. 

-  0  50. 28 
+  5  M.  99 
+  9  80. 05 
-10  11.35 

-  S  2:1. 02 

-  I  3a  34 

-  7  31,  47 
+  S  29. 54 
+  3  8:1. 90 
+  9  02. 99 

-  7  48,  09 
+11  19.89 
+  8  SO.  89 
+  0  37.  00 
+  i  04.71 
+  7  49.  SI 

-  4  34.  to 

-  3  08.  80 
-10  17.72 
+  3  42. 97 

-  7  28.  SO 
+  4  08.  47 
+  9  08.  01 

-  1  10,51 

-  7  211, 0:1 


I.eTol. 

+0.80 
+0.10 
+0. 40 
+0.20 
-10  10 
+0.  47 
40.47 
+0.40 
+0. 09 
+0.29 
+  0. 09 
-0.09 
+0.04 
-0.87 
-0. 02 
-0.10 
-0.  30 
-0.  42 
-0. 30 
-0.60 
-0.08 
-0.70 
-0.49 

-a  02 
-0, 07 


Ilofl'nc., 


Itcil  to 
mvrld. 


I 


-0,02 

-0.13 

+0.03 

+0.00 

+0.03 

-0.13 

+0.8:1 

-)  0.  13 

+0.01 

+0.07 

■1-0.  13 

-0.09 

-0.03 

-0.80 

+0.00 

-0. 13 

-t-0. 08 

+0.17 

-0.08 
-0,13 


-0.18    

+0.10   

+0.04  I 

-D.IJ  ' 

-0.10 


+0.04 


Lutltiidu. 


03.  04 
01.18 

oa4i 

03.34 
04.90 

03. 75 
03. 84 
01.04 
02.95 
(13.  03 
03.83 
03.70 
04. 74 
04.01 
03.57 

04.  18 

01,  ,13 

01.  .12 

03.93 

113.  44 

03.13 

04.33 

04.38 
40  00  Kl.  .13 


Itonmrki. 


Aiigiiit  95. 


IMM'OIJT  OF  Tin-}  (!II1I;F  astkonomku. 

Obncrratiom  for  Latitude. — Station  Ao.  20 — Contiiuu'd. 


1(59 


n.  A.  c. 

Nn. 

Hradiuiti. 

Dwliniilion. 

Corrnotloitik 

LlititdllK. 

0        1         II 

40  00  04.  H7 

Oil  01 

40  Ofl  03.  7a 

Ui'inArkn. 

Mlrnini. 

l.oTel. 

N.        8. 

M«rl<l. 
ilim. 

MIcKini. 

l<«vi)l.    Kofrw. 

Itcil.  Id 
inorhl. 

Oil 

im 

1U 

7.VJ 

Vi.  mix 
l.-i.  7110 

sanii 
IK  :ii;o 

;il.  *i:i 

S!fl.l) 
U.I 

•JO.d 

a-i.o 
in.  11 

83.1 

I.V8 
W.O 

ItlO 
'JO.  .'i 

«l.4 

llt.1 

in.  $. 



0      1           II 

IS)  M  M.  in 
:I4  'U  :il.  4r( 

tin  .'lO  o;i.  0-1 
:il  II  14.07 

11  ■.>«  ;n.  (in 

7h  .-.I  .'i1.  (HI 

t     II 

-  5  00. el 

-  a  Of  lo- 
-II  4:1.(17 

-n.Bil 
-0.  :ij 

-0.  1- 

-O.KI 
-0.04 
-0.i!(i 

Ansnit  03. 

Mum  latitiiiK'  (1(1  ilit<  riiiliuiliuu, ),  4.  <>  UO"  U4".0O. 

<  =  0".5(i:i 
r  =  o".;i;i5 
«„  ^  o".07:i 

T,  =  0".04l) 


1 

1 

1 

II  ■ 

^  nil 

■ 

II 

If 

ill 


m 


M":'' 


187a. 

UiilTED  BTATIiS  NOliTUEUN  BOUNDAKY. 

SEI'TEJIUKU   1-'. 

Station,  Caui'  No.  I,  skaii  I'ksihina,  I>ak. 

ObservatioitH  to  detvrmine  the  value  of  one  turn  of  the  mierometer  of  Zenith  Telescope 
Wurilemann  2!o,  7,  by  the  eunltrn  ehimjation  of  I'olnrix,  Clironometer  A'egun  1514, 
videreal. 

[ObtwrvcT,  W.J.  Xwiiiing,  Cupluin  riil(t>iL  S(at<-»  Kiigiuui^VH.] 


1(11!  cot  t  =  C.37mi7llfl 

liiK  lalin  4  =  0.11U'lt*v!-J0 

lii|;tO!i(o^    »440l!i\;(l 

f„        r.,-ooV    11  ".8 

(o  111  linio  -    .'■'  .VI"  JII'.H 

("hro.  A.  11.  -     1'  1J"';IT..-| 

CIii-o.  time  of  iluiijj.  =  la'  IS"  M:l 


A.  It.  of  roliiriH,     1'  l'.I»^l'.."> 
6  of  I'ohiriM,  ^8^  ;i^'  :iii".7 

Aitmnioil<^,  4.?^  5y  I»li",.'( 


Hill  {z  —  .-^l  ^  crm  d  bin  (2'—  7^1 


III!  cowf  d  =  0  01)01348 
loi!  niii  0  =  D.cT""":!.'* 
log  i-ii«  !o  =  »  ''Til".iK{ 

.-„  =  40O  r.?'  i.V'.a 


A'tiff^.— Tho  noliitioii  iiiul  niothiHl  jiliiplcil  in  tlii^  coinpiiliilitiii  tivo  drrivi'il  from  llio  luiiclu  on  Iho  Zfiiilli  Trloticopo,  |Nlgo  3G0, 
Vol.  II,  CIiimvi-nol'M  .Spliiqii-at  ami  I'mulicitl  AHlroiuiiiiy. 


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ObHervationn  to  determine  the  value  of  one  ditmon  of  the,  level  of  Zenith  Telescope  Wiinle- 
mann  Mo.  7,  in  terms  of  the  micrometer.     Mark,  vrosxhairs  of  Zenith  Telencoj)e  Ko.  11. 

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18  7  3, 

UNITED  STATER  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY. 
JCNE  15. 

Station,  Camp  \o.  2,  20  milks  west  of  Pemiiixa. 

OliKefi'ations  to  determine  the  value  of  one  division  of  the  leirl  of  Zenith  Telescope  Wiirde- 
inann  Xo.  tiO,  in  terms  of  tlie  micrometer.  Mork,  cross-hairs  of  Transit  Telescope 
Xo.  4. 

[Observor,  Lewis  Boss.] 


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KErORT  l)F  THE  ClUKV  ASTKONOMEU. 


173 


Vitluc  of  lent — Continued. 


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l<iol  riiioro.  =  ''.r.20.M 

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" 


1873. 

UNITED  STATES  NOUTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

June  13. 

StATIOS,  A8T1I0N0MICAI,  CaMP  NO.  S. 

Ohscfvations  to  Aeterminc  the  value  af  one  turn  of  the  microm"ter  of  Zenith  Telescope 
Wurdemann  No.   20,  at  the  eastern  elongation  of  I'olaris,  Chronometer  Negus  \5VA, 


sidereal. 


[01i8i>rv<!r,  W.  J.  Twiniii);,  (.'BptJiln  ITnilcil  States  Engineers.) 


Inn  rdt  f  =  f.  mun.-i 

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18  7  3. 

UNITED  STATKS  NORTIIEKX  HOUNDAUY. 

Jink  14. 

Station,  Asthonomical  Camp  No.  •-'. 

Obsen'iations  to  dckrvilne  the  value  of  one  turn  of  the  micrometer  of  Zenith  Telescope 
Wiirdemann  JKo.  20,  at  the  eastern  elongation  of  Polaris,  Chronometer  Xcgus  1513, 
sidcrial. 

[01iBt»rvor,  \V,  J.  Twininp,  f'nptntn  United  Slntrfl  EuRlnecrs.] 

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1873. 

UNITED  STATES  XOliTllEltN  BOUND AllY. 

June  13. 

Station,  Camp  No.  3. 

Observations  for  valve  of  one  division  of  level  of  Zenith  Telescope  No.  11,  WUrdemann,  in 

terms  of  the  micrometer. 

[Observer,  Lieut.  J.  F.  Gregory.] 


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ObservafioitH  for  rnhie  of  one  division  of  lerel,  dr. — Continued. 


177 


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ST.  1 
0  28.3 

as.  0 
a-1.0 

10  07.  0 

on.  0 

9  27.0 
9  2-'.4 

21.0 
04.1 

57. :) 
14.2 

74.4 

44.  7C 

1.0(11 

-  .005 

.0000 

12 

07.5 

10  OS.  a 
or..  1 
111.  a 

10  SI.  3 

so.  4 

10  07.  8 
10  03.  a 

19.7 
(i:i.  0 

5S.5 
1,5.  4 

79.4 

■11.35 

1.7<K) 

+  .  lai 

.0146 

IJ 

»a.  0 

10  sa.  7 

pO.O 
80.7 

11  (ia.3 

.50.  S 

10  81.0 
10  81.  1 

19.9 

(ii.  a 

5S.  5 

la.  1 

73.4 

43  10 

1.  703 

+  .  o:)4 

.0012 

14 

00.0 

II  i;o.o 
(id.  a 

(is.  11 

la  :i7.  a 

11  CO.  7 
U  (13.3 

19.7 
li.-i.  0 

5S.  0 
i:i.4 

79.  0 

40.  50 

1.712 

+  .  oi;i 

.0018 

X,.  :i 

15 

;iii.  a 

18  37.  4 

30.8 

nil.  8 

13  111.  S 

Hi.  S 

la  :iii.  a 
la  37. 0 

111.  7     5S.  7 

00. 0  :  la.  0 

1 

7J.  9 

4f.  30 

1.  009 

-  .000 

.msa 

IC 

ao.8 

13  IS.  1 

19.  5     S-". .-. 

81.  1 

40.  ,50 

1.744 

■{-  .075 

.0050 

13  17.  0 

17.  1 

17.  a 

13  !7.4 

03.0 

15.0 

13  OS.  t 

14  01.5 

17 

13  ii!i.  n 

14  03.4 

01.  a 

0  >.  5 

14  7l!.  a 

74. « 

14  00.  1 

14  oa.  4 

17.0 

co.o 

00.9 
18.0 

sa  7 

4.5.  05 

1.800 

■}■  .  131 

.0172 

IS 

70.7 

14  7.-..  9 

19.  a 

58.7 

7:l.  5 

40.  75 

1.S04 

-  .  135 

.oies 

N    1) U 


•        f 


1     P 


U] 

1       1. 

Ik 

178  ITN'ITKI)  STATIW  NOHTIIKUN   TiODNDAUY  COMMISSION. 

Observations  for  value  of  one  division  of  level,  iCr Continued. 


1. 

IloaiUnga, 

Diiri'iiMici's. 

3-1 

ilicroraotor. 

T.evol. 

1  il. 

y 

r  I' 

Mlnmiii. 

6 
•A 

SnccpftHlvo. 

Mf^iinx. 

N. 

S. 

I.ovrl. 

1.  a. 

U  71.  S 

. 

7li.  0 

71.0 

14  7.-I.  1 

08. 3 

10.0 

1,")  It*.  •,' 

17.!) 

19 

1(1.0 
l.i  17.  0 

17.  a 
47.  :■ 

10  1".  7 
17  0 

15  47.  4 
15  47.  4 

33. 3 
11:1.0 

.•>5.  7 
15.8 

73.3 

4.V  85 

1.577 

-  .099 

.  00?5 

ao 

1!IU 

111  01.  0 

00.  7 

OJ.  a 

60.  .'■ 

18  n-  :i 

10  l^.7 
18  oa  0 

20.5 

M.e 

,'i7.  8 
19.7 

-1.1 

• 

13.  05 

1.080 

+  .011 

.0001 

ai 

09.1 

10  7'.0 
ll'.i.  8 
r.7. 8 

17  :i7.  :i 
:i7. 0 

in  10. 1 

18  80.  0 

19.8 

115.  0 

.IS.  5 

n.  1 

07.1 

38.  00 

1.738 

4-    059 

.  Ml  15 

« 

:io.  0 

17  :iii.  7 
;iii. .-. 
;i7. 0 

H  11. -1 

111.1 

17  ;i7. 1 
17  :io.  7 

•A  7 
80.3 

55. 3 
11.7 

07.3 

43.  35 

l,.593 

-  .0:0 

.  0058 

■a 

lio 
IS  11.  ;i 

11.0 

11.0 

19  S7.0 

po.a 

IS  11.  :i 

IS  13.  1 

31.:' 
81.0 

.111.  5 

14.0 

71.  8 

11.90 

1.1:01 

-   .(»8 

.  ooni 

84 

01.0 

18  01.5 
!I0.  0 
01.1 

insT.'a 
.■ill.  a 

18  8?.  4 
18  ilO.O 

19.5 

u;i.o 

58.  5 
15.4 

78.3 

41.50 

1.715 

)-  .018 

.0031 

■as 

53.0 

1!)  .ir  I 
54. ;) 

so  :i:i.  n 
:ri.  3 

i»  .m  1 

19  .Vi.  7 

3?.  5 

8.-1.  0 

."•5, 8 
1:1.  5 

8.V  3 

40.  15 

1.813 

-  .0.-)7 

.  (1033 

30 

•,io.  0 

20  in.  0 
:t.'..  n 
:i4. 0 

31  01. 1 

n:i.  7 

30  :ia.  4 
ao  :il.  4 

19.8 
85.8 

.-.8.  5 
l.',.  7 

70.7 

4,-..  10 

1.701 

4-  .  033 

.0810 

27 

oa.o 

21  04.8 
m.  n 

04.3 
21  Sl-i 

31  03.7 
21  04.0 

30.0 
03.  5 

5?.  3 
10.0 

09.  3 

4i.85 

1.  835 

-  .011 

.onio 

38 

C2.5 

ai  81.  T 

30.0 

53.5 

77.7 

18.50 

1.C03 

-  .087 

.001.) 

ItlirOUT  OF  Tllli  CHIEF  AaTliONOMEIl. 
OOaervatiom  for  value  of  one  diviaion  of  level,  de. — Coiitiiincd. 


it 

KomlliiKK. 

DlfltTClK-M.           i 

1  d. 

I' 

t)t> 

MitTomettT. 

L.'Vi-l. 

■S-5 

MKTdtU. 

Uvil. 

e 

... 

SiUK'enalvi'. 

MOOUB. 

N. 

S. 

- 

(.   .;. 

SI  80.  0 

H.-I.  0 

8-.'.0 

81  88.  ,1 

03. 0 

1.18 

23  «i  4 

on.  0 

w 

0:1.8 

88  CO.  0 
tl'J.  U 
CO.  H 

S3  :t;). ,'. 

34.  3 

88  03.  8 
88  (il.  1 

80.0 
til'.  1 

58.5 
10.7 

79.7 

48.69 

1.860 

f  .  191 

.0305 

30 

33.0 

83  38.4 

:i4.  ;i 
:i4. 6 

84  10.7 

83  33.  8 
S3  33.  7 

88.8 
04.0 

50.2 
14.0 

7i7 

45.70 

1.  591 

-  .078 

.0001 

31 

id!b 

84  II. 8 
10.0 

07.  r> 

84  87.  H 
•ili:  8 

81  11. I 

21  09.  8 

80.8 
0.-..  9 

58.5 
13.3 

T7.4 

43.70 

1.770 

+  .101 

.0109 

39 

87.8 

84  87.  8 
88.  U 
on.  0 

25  r.e.  8 
r.K  8 

84  87.  5 
84  68. 9 

20.8 
08.0 

.W.O 
17.0 

77.7 

4.'i.  50 

1.700 

+  .039 

.0015 

33 

CO.l) 

sa  50.  n 
a),  a 

(10.  .-i 

sa  81.8 

80.8 

85  .Ml.  0 
23  CO.  1 

80.  5 
03.0 

.')7.  8 
17.3 

70.1 

41. 15 

I.  703 

-i-  .034 

.0018 

34 

10.7 

80  81.0 
81.  0 
Ir'.O 

2fi8-'.7 

80  80.  (■) 
80  80. 7 

84.  8 
CO.  3 

5.-I.  0 
13.8 

(iO.  5 

.37.  7,". 

1. 1'ill3 

-     OCfi 

.0049 

(■0.0 

3J 

89.8 

SB  87.0 
el.  :l 
8r'.  ."i 

87  4-,  8 
47.4 

20  89.  3 

80  88.  1 

83.8 
68.0 

.■id.  0 
17.7 

08.0 

43.  'X, 

1.  rm 

.  078 

.0059 

30 

4Ci7 

27  47. 9 
40.0 

47.0 

88  11.8 

l:l.  .'i 

87  47.  4 
'      87  40. 7 

84.  :i 

05.  5 

5.-I.  1 
U.S 

,7.1.  3 

37.  r,5 

1..'.71 

-  .  one 

.0090 

37 

14.  0           28  13. 9 

88  13.  1 

13.7 

14.5           28  13.1 
88  74.9 

7.-..  4 

81.1 
03.0 

5.").  7 
10.9 

07.  3 

41.4.' 

1.  031 

-  .048 

.0033 

38 

74.5           88  74.9 

84.3 

5.'i.5 

01.8 

38.05 

1.599 

-  .070 

.0049 

179 


in 


in 


■*t 


i  • 


180  UNITED  STATES  NOKTUERN  IJOUNDAHY  COMMISSION. 

OhservatioM  for  value  of  one  (llvhUtn  of  Tjcrel,  ifc— ('ontimicd. 


k 

Brailliiga. 

Iilir'n.iiofK. 

1  il 

r 

rv 

Mlcromoter. 

Level. 

"s- 

MU-runi. 

30 

Suoflesstve. 

lIcnuH. 

N. 

S. 

40.  K, 

t.    d. 

88  7.1.  :i 
7.1.9 
7.1.  .1 

S9  40.  -i 
3!).  7 
31).  7 

•in  74.  it 
ail  39.  u 

05.  0 
84.0 

1.-..  0 
55.7 

ii.'i.  11 

i.;.!ii 

.07m 

.  00111 

40 

89  41.3 
41.4 
4'J.U 

30  II1.M 
Iti.U 
10.5 

Ml  41..1 

:io  111.  4 

IW.O 
21.5 

la.  0 

.It'.  3 

74.  !i 

411.  40 

1.  014 

.  or,.i 

.  oo:io 

41 

30  17.8 

IKO 
17.  il 

:io  fo.  7 

80.1 

(^1.8 

30  17.  !l 
30  81.  0 

1^4.  0 
S4.3 

HI.  II 
5.1.8 

(13.  1 

39.  HO 

1.  .■i>5 

-  .0^4 

.0071 
.  -.2400 

d  =  i.oofs  i  .m-i. 


1873. 

UNITED  STATKS  NOUTIIIiUN  JJOUNDAUY. 
Junk  14. 

f  lATION.  ('AMI'  No.   3. 

Determiiialion  o/  rahie  of  one  turn  of  ihr  Minomctii;  Zenith  Telescope  Wiirdvmann  Xo.  II, 
bi/  obxerraiioH  of  Volar  is  at  eantern  ehnujnt'wn. 

jObHtrvcr,  Ciiptaiii  J.  I-'.  (Jrc^inry,  UiiiUitl  Stuti'H  Kii^lnciTH.) 
#  -  41)''  00'  03".  TImo  of  elonn.  liy  c limn.  H-l.  In''  •J.'p'"  -.N'.o. 


a 

if  « 

11 

I.I'Vl'l. 

Hi 

iiii 

1 

T 

T-Z. 

/  -  /„ 

3»B 

fl 

/-/.              U 

N. 

s.  "' 

V 

Y.i 

a 

h.  111.    t. 

m .    ». 

1'      1 

0 

f* 

'<             >> 

1 

R 

39.0 

4*0 

m  .18  r.''.  5 

-  -K  'J!!.  5 

+  097.  0 

1  with  18 

IM77 

404.  0         73.  7113 

.010 

S 

IH.5 

3K  5 

n.  8 

,14  33.  ,1 

30  ,14.  5 

lillr'.  0 

8             II 

.4-,7 

411.3         75079 

.  0-0 

3 

9. 

3c.  3 

48.3 

.'lO  18.  8 

a<.i  1.-.. - 

0-i'<  8 

3             II 

.4-1 

40«.  1   ,      74.410 

.017 

4 

9.S 

37.  3 

4'J.5 

.17  .11". '.: 

87  '.'9  « 

.190.  9 

4             11 

.4-7 

407.  1  i      74, 194 

.  8115 

S 

10. 

3f . .'. 

4'j.  4 

18  .19  89.8 

8.1  :.:  8 

558.  5 

•15             10 

.475 

41.1.3         7.1. 4H.I 

l.O'iO 

6 

10.  .-> 

37. 11 

41  4 

19  01  a-j.:" 

81  1IJ.7 

518.  1 

0             17 

.498 

409.-.         74.510 

111 

1 

11. 

37.  S 

44.0 

03  (M.  5 

'J8  19,5 

4M1.  8 

7             1» 

.,108 

408,  0         74.  074 

.  385 

B 

ii.n 

37.7 

44.  .1 

04  .17.0 

•80  31.11 

4lr.  4 

8             19 

.  499 

400.  8  1     73.  noil 

.  4.13 

9 

VJ. 

3('.  4 

44.0 

00  39. 3 

18  4".  7 

401  8 

9         ao 

.488 

407.  1  !      74.  '.'Ill 

.  1,8 

11) 

18.  S 

37.  n 

41.0 

on  80.  :< 

17  07.5 

308.  5 

10              81 

.  498 

408.4         74.303 

.  0.111 

II 

i:i. 

37.1- 

41.8 

10  0.1. 0 

15  'il.O 

3;ii.  1 

11         aa 

.  497 

407.8  '      71.  |80 

.813 

I'J 

i;i.  .1 

37.7 

43.  T) 

11  .10.0 

13  a-'.O 

aon  0 

83         34 

.488 

400.  9  '      74.  '.••.'5 

,  174 

l:i 

14. 

37.  3 

44.0 

13  3-i.1 

11  ,1.1.5 

8.111.  8 

34             35 

.  190 

409.  8  ,      74.  a94 

.  1(5 

II 

11.  :i 

37.  K 

43.7 

K)  13.8 

10  11  8 

a-jo.  7 

8.1             30 

.  4!I0 

409.  0         74.  4119 

.  100 

l.-> 

1".. 

37.  1 

44.0 

to  ;>o  0 

08  ;ij.  0 

183.  8 

80             37 

.488 

409.3  1      71.  .1-1 

.  1-8 

Hi 

1.'..  .-> 

37.1 

04.0 

1)*  43.4 

00  41.  0 

14.1.8 

87             38 

.4ifJ 

407.  8  ;      71. 853 

.  no 

17 

i«. 

37.0 

41.1' 

80  80.  a 

05  01.8 

108.  4 

88              39 

.  498 

408.7         7  1.417 

.018 

18 

111.  .1 

37.  (■ 

41.4 

88  00.  7 

0:1  81.3 

Tia 

89             40 

.49» 

410  8  ,      74.718 

•  ■'!!,' 

1!) 

17. 

37.  1 

41.0 

83  SI.  5 

-  01  30.  5 

.i    34.  fi 

30             41 

.  4!8.' 

407.  8         71.  144 

80 

17.5 

311.  7 

44. .'. 

8.1  34.  5 

+  (Kl  Oil.  5 

-      I8i  3 

31             48 

.4h- 

407.4         74.a35 

'.  uU 

ai 

X*. 

3(i.8 

41.8 

a7  19.  0 

01  51.0 

39.  9 

38             43 

.4- 

411.  1  ,      74.909 

.  510 

w 

1^.  :> 

37.3 

41.0 

89  01.7 

0:1  3:1.  7 

70.7 

33             4 1 

,1.  IMl 

407.  1         74.  807 

.  198 

•a 

19. 

3li.  7 

41  fi 

30  40,  ,1 

01  1-5 

114.3 

'.'4 

19.  5 

3I>.  II 

44.0 

38  •>.  0 

07  IHI.  0 

1.10.8 



ii.-> 

ao. 

30.  0 

4.-..  0 

31   11.3 

08  4  1,  3 

1-7.8 

n  =       74".  147 

su 

so.s 

30.  0 

44.7 

31  .11.5 

10  -Zf.  5 

•883.  8 

CiiiT.  for  rif.  :    -       .  oin 

87 

81. 

311.  4 

41.9 

37  311.  0 

18  08,  II 

•Jill.  3 

Vii 

ucol'olH'  till  11  =         74",  31     1   .003 

'U 

ai.r> 

311.  0 

4.-I.  0 

39  8.1.  0 

13  5,1,  0 

*.''.)9,  0 

•.11 

•w. 

3.1.  H 

4r..  1 

41  0-.'.5 

15  31,5 

3:11,  3 

:io 

88.  5 

3:i.  f 

4.-..  8 

4i  51.0 

17  •,<:!,  11 

37  1,  1 

*  Ki'iH'tci 

31 

83. 

311.  0 

4r..o 

41  30. 5 

19  08,  5 

4|i!l,  4 

I  Thin  l«  1 

n'  inlrn'nl  .1.  5  rcvohitloim  corrcrtril  fo 

;ta 

ffit  .'l 

30.1 

4..O 

40  09. 3 

80  41,3 

445  0 

Uic  iliUVrriiie  in  tho  Icvfis  lit  th«  two  (ib8«Tv,itiiiur>. 

3:i 

84. 

311. 0 

4.\  1 

47  5:-.  5 

•J8  30.  5 

4-1  1 

34 

a4.  r. 

3.V  7 

4."..  0 

49  4-J.  3 

•81  II  :i 

581.8 

S.'S 

9.-.. 

30.0 

4:..  'J 

51  'J:.  8 

8.1  59  8 

5.1-.  0 

3(i 

S5.5 

30.  0 

41.0 

53  1.1.0 

•87  47,  0 

511!,  8 

37 

a«. 

311. 1) 

4.1.  ,1 

51  .10.  0 

89  8-,  0 

03  1   1 

:n 

a«. .'. 

30.  U 

4,1.  .1 

.10  :17. 8 

31  09,8 

009,  1 

39 

37. 

3.-I.  0 

4.1. 11 

19  .18  !i7.a 

38  5'.l,  8 

7118.3 

40 

•it.  i 

:'ii.  a 

4.1.  .1 

•80  00  14.8 

31  40,8 

7111.  1 

41 

8H. 

3.I.  6 

40. 0 

01  .M.8 

30 -...I.  8 

7-1.3 

4J 

a^  .'i 

3:0 

411.  0 

0:1  33.  3 

•88  0.1.  3 

810.8 

4:i 

•J9. 

3.-I.  7 

40.  0 

(1,1  m.  3 

39  .10.  3 

8.1II.  1 

44 

•J9.3 

3.-I.  4 

40.8 

ao  117  04. 0 

•4    41  30.0 

-  t91.3 

181 


J 


i'.r 


i," 


\':-^ 


1878. 

UNITKU  STATK8  NORTniiRN  llOUNDARY. 
July  U). 

Station,  Tuiiti.k  JIolxtain  Dkcct  (ea»t  biiib),  I)ak. 

OhHermtiom  to  determine  the  value  of  one  dlvmon  of  the  Icni  of  Zenith  Telescope  Wiirde- 
mann  No.  11  in  terms  of  the  inivronuter.     Mark,  croxn-hairH  of  Transit  Telescope  Xo.  4. 

[ObHvrvrr,  W.  •!.  Twining,  Ciiptiilii  Uiiitoil  Stulim  Kngincorn.] 


Xo. 

si 

»l 

II 

7t 

Moaii!*. 

a  3 

1! 
n 

so.  77,'i 
.7h:i 
.77-J 

I.l'VC 

|i<mi 

.  nr«t 

tlllU. 

Levi'!.  Hi'tMiIul 
liiittUiou, 

Si 

f 

3 

a  3 

n  3 

1" 

i    . 

-a 

I" 
83 

0781 

N. 

s. 

X. 

1.5.  0 
1.-..  ■« 
1.5.5 

.s. 

1 

SI.  vx> 

.■If  a 

.4f3 

ai.  4ro 

80.777 

,'■7.  4 
57.  5 
07.(1 

l.'..o 

l.'..U 
I.V2 

.57.  8 
.57.  9 
58.  8 

48.4 

71.3 

1.  079 

V! 

I'.i.  W'U 

.  !«0 
.UJl 
.00!) 

1!>.!113 

30.  OOd 
.11:11 

.111(1 
.(11(1 

Sil.  01(1 

1(1.  U 
1(1.- 
17.(1 
10.  !t 

.57.8 
.57.  1 
57.1 
57.0 

.57.7 
.57.  II 
57.8 
57.7 

1.5.8 
1.5.0 
I.-..II 
1.5.  B 

41.0 

711.  3 

1.715 

111 

8110 

U 

•:o.  .MCI 

ai.  -v-i 

.3!-l 
.  3(;,'i 

ai.370 

l.-i.  7 
1.-1.(1 
l."j.  5 

.'8.  2 

;«>.  (1 

5!-.  8 

.'9.6 
5«.  5 
.'.8.  5 

1.5.4 
1.5.5 
l.-i.H 

43.0 

78.3 

1.  821 

00 

3000 

4 

•J1.3.',7 

.  :i..a 

2i.a'>^ 

89.008 
.000 

23. 007 

1.'..  !l 
111.  1 
10.8 

58.8 
58.7 

,'i7.  5 
57.  a 

57.7 

17.3 
17.3 
17.5 

41.4 

7:i.  9 

1.7-5 

21 

678 

0 

!W.0!18 
.  OMt 

.in;i 

Vi.  0!>7 

3-J.  ft!.'. 

.  t-(W 
.r07 

2.'.  8 1:1 

10,3 
I'.I.  3 
111.  2 

.50.  4 
5(1.  8 
50.0 

.59.0 
(0.0 
C0.(l 

III.  (1 
1(1.7 
16.7 

49.4 

71.(1 

1.  772 

„ 

181 

n 

81  Ml 
.Mi7 
.tJOJ 

•a.  SOS 

8:1.  4!l(i 
.  .'.0(1 
.  .10:1 

2:1.  508 

in.« 

111.  0 
lU.O 

.57.8 
.57.  3 
57.4 

!'f>.  0 
58.  J 
t8.0 

18.8 
18.8 
18.8 

38.9 

C9.  4 

1.781 

. 

' 

2:1.  4117 
.Jill 

S3.  483 

2I.2B5 

.  2(1:1 
.800 

S4. 805 

10.0 
10.0 

15.8 

(1.3 
01.4 
01.8 

58.  7 
.58.  7 
.58.  8 

18.5 
I8.H 

mil 

43.9 

78.0 

1.8H 

.57 

3319 

H 

84.  2.V> 
.117(1 

a4.S3» 

SI.  93:1 

.047 
.041 

94.048 

20.  0 

21.  0 
21.  3 

50.9 
,50.0 
.■^0.0 

ro.o 

(0.0 

01.0 

10.8 
10.8 
10.8 

39.9 

oaii 

1.718 

49 

S401 

U 
10 

ai.MO 

.»4-J 
.1138 

a').7ai 

.714 

.7i;t 

85.  cm 

.713 
.Olio 

811.  4.'iO 
.40:1 

S5.700 
2S.4'.7 

18.5 
IK  5 
18.3 

18.0 
17.0 
17.0 

.■^9. 5 
.59. « 

rail 

59.0 
(0.1 
(10. 0 

Cl.O 
01.  1 

CO.  8 

00.8 
60.9 
Cl.O 

10.8 
16.7 
10.9 

III.  0 
10.5 
10.5 

4J.7 
41.3 

70.7 
74.7 

1.  71II1 
1.72.. 

35 

an 

(g'U 

IS*; 

S5.71IJ 

III 

V.  of  lovcl 

==  1.  701  li 

V.  mi{^rn 

111. 

t 
r 

T 

-.  .049 

r^  .033 

=  .010 

,  =  .010 

IW 


til 


18  7  3 
UNlTlil)  STATES  NOUTIlIiUN  HOUNOAUY. 


July  18. 

Station,  Tuiitle  MorNTAiN  DgroT  (u*iit  iiim'.),  I),\k. 


Ohitcrvatiom  to  dvtermiiw  the  rttlncof  one  turn  of  the  m'wromcter  of  Zenith  TeliHeope  WUrde- 
mann  No,  11,  by  the  eautern  eUmijution  of  I'oliifis;  Chnmoiiittir  l.'il.'l  Aeyuit, 

[Obierver,  W.  J.  Twinliii,',  <'n|>liiiii  Uniliil  Slutta  CDKiniTntJ 


Intc  t.ini!*  =  o.iifiinil-i 

(„  =  r-,- 1  ;;.'  oi".a 

l„ln  lliiix  -    :>''  .'i."  IO'..'i 

A.  K    -     |l'  U"  n:!i 

Sill,  tiin.'of  I'lolii;.  =  lO*  If  "^ll'.O 

(JlintihiMit'ti'r  (Mirr.  =    ii^  lJ'"a.V.H 

('lira.  tiiuiM'l(iii((,  i.-  l!|i'  ;ll'"0^'.8 


A.  I!,  iif  I'dlnriH,     l*  13"  17V,'. 

8  III'  l'i.liin»,        fh"  iiv  •f;i".;i 

Ahhii il  ^,  tjo  0:l'  U'MJ 


8ln  iZ-Z,)  -  C(i»  il  gill  (r-  r. 


liw  sin  if ..  ii.iiiinm.'iti 

lll)[»i>l   0  -^  ll,H>ll(M 
1(1^  IMW7„  --  !».^■7^^i(i•l.^ 

!„  --  wjri,v;ii".8 


a 

I..<Vll. 

1 

-  — 

e 

c 

N. 

S. 

S". 

:iii.  .1 

;i.'..  H 

•JT. .', 

:iii  11 

nil.  :i 

y*. 

:iii.  (1 

nil. .'. 

a;.  .1 

;iii.  II 

nil.  r. 

ai. 

:iii.  (I 

:iii. .'. 

•J.-.. .'. 

an.  K 

;iii.  7 

!i.-i. 

■jii.  f 

:iii.  11 

VH. .'. 

'Jll.  8 

111  1.11 

Ul. 

U'.K !' 

117.11 

'J  1.  ,'l 

U  1.  !l 

117.  1 

u:i. 

;iii.  II 

:ii,  1 

l!i  .1 

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:i7. 11 

i!3. 

a;i.  7 

117.4 

■j\.r, 

a!i.  7 

37  11 

lii. 

'j'.i.  f 

117.  (i 

»i.  t> 

•-11.  7 

117. 11 

'JO. 

2!l.h 

117.7 

l:i. ,', 

21.  H 

117.  (1 

111. 

2  1. 11 

117.  M 

li". ,-. 

ai.i; 

IIH.  (1 

In. 

■."...  li 

■J-'.  11 

n. ,', 

21.(1 

117.  !l 

17. 

21.7 

a  7.8 

iii..i 

21.(1 

iiR  a 

Hi. 

2 1.  (1 

iwa 

i.v .-, 

211. 11 

ll''.  2 

l.->. 

21.  II 

1I-.8 

14.,', 

S'.  1 

1I-.  7 

II. 

211.  1 

If.  11 

i:i..', 

211.  1 

IIH.  7 

i:i. 

211.  1 

ll,-l.  H 

12.  .'i 

21.  1 

n-.H 

1  ■. 

2n.  1 

■.t!>.  !l 

II..'. 

2'.  2 

3r>.  11 

11. 

ll-l.  II 

ll'..-! 

2 ..  1 

nil.  0 

1(1. 

211. .'. 

n-  (1 

!l. ,'. 

211. .'. 

:i8  0 

II. 

211.  (1 

ILi. ,'. 

a.i 

211.  1 

nil.  1 

R 

211.  1 

1111.2 

7.,'. 

2'i.  2 

nil.  1 

/(.   VI.       H. 
Ill  111    .'.."...'. 

Oil  41..'. 
0.'.  211.  0 
07  01. .". 
118  .'.;.  0 
HI  ni..'. 

12  211.  II 
14  01  II 
1.-.  5il.  .'i 

17  ni.o 
111  i,-...'i 
20  r.ii.  0 

S2  42. .". 
24  27. .'. 
211  Oil.  0 
27  .'.n.  II 
211  117.  r. 
Ill  211.11 

nil  111.11 

IM  4'. .'. 

"li  ;m  ,1 

:*■'  1.-.. .'. 

:i:i  .'.II.  II 

41  42  0 

411  2.1.  .■> 

4".  07.  r. 

4(1  ."i .'. 

4S  110. .'. 

,'.0  1^..'. 

.'.2  01. .-. 

.'.:i  4.\  ,-. 

.'..'.  211.  II 

.'.7  111..'. 

in  .'.8  .'.II  0 

.0  Oil  41).  II 

1.2  21).  II 

01  Ol.'i 

0.-. ,'..-.. .-. 

07  411. .'. 

Oil  24.  (I 

11  07.:. 

20  12  .'.1.0 


fit.    n. 
-311  07. 11 

37  ni.n 
2.'.  ;iii.  8 
211  .'.II.  n 

22  10.  8 

so  2-<.  n 

18  4  J.  8 
Hi  .'.8.  H 

1.'.  12  n 

111  a-*.  8 

11  47.  n 

10  on. 8 
8  '.II.  n 
11  n.-..  n 

4  511.  8 
II  (111.  8 

-  1  2.V  n 

4-  (I  17.2 
2  nil.  2 

11  4.'..  7 
,'.  87.  7 

8  ,'il2 
10  3  '.  2 

12  SJ.  7 
14  01.7 
1.-.  41.7 
17  31.7 
111  i:..  7 
21.  07.  7 
22  4  J,  7 
24  211.2 
20  111.7 
27  .'.11.  a 
211  411.  2 
ni  2(1.2 

nil  oil.  7 

31  .'.2.7 
30  31.7 

38  21.2 
40  114.  7 

I  41  4.-.  2 


X-A. 


-02.'.. .'..'. 
.V7.  78 
iVIl.  .'.2 
.'.111.  .'.8 
4711.  !H 
4411. 114 
4112.(11 
3l..'..  nil 
327.  2.-. 
2  11.  i: 
a.'.n.  711 

2111. 18 
17-.  12 
141.fr 
111.'..  4U 

118.  Ill 
-  311.112 
+     (1.17 

41.  1.'. 

M.IIJ 
117.112 

1 :..-..  nil 

1111.30 
22 1. 117 
21111.  4h 
311 1.  nil 
3ll.ll.'i 
377.  h8 
411.38 
4. Ml.  h.-. 
■188.  37 
.'.;.'..  ll:l 
.'m:2.  Ill 
C  II.  22 
0 17.  2(1 
07.'.  -I 
7111.1111  I 
74-.  33 
7--... -.11 
8,'2.  22 
8.>  HI 

Ml.".,  nil 


I  S' 


a 

-l.,'.0 
1.  0.'. 
1.0.'.  1 
1.  0.'. 

1.  II.'. ' 

1.  4.'. 

1.3.'. 

1.  ■;o 
i.'j.'i 
1.  'J.'. ! 

1.00 
.•111 
1.11.'.  i 

.10  ' 


Ji 


.  0211 1 
.III.-'. 

•  OIH". 
.018,-. 
.01-.'. 
.  0.2.'. 
.  If,'20 
■  Ovll 
.  02.11 

.  uajii 
.  ii;2!i 

.0'21I2 

.lll'.ll 
.ol.> 

.11-.'. 

.iilnii 
.  IIII117 
.111.17 
.111.'.- 
.lll.'iO 


IB 

(5 


10.  I71II1 
.4-1.'. 
.4-1.'. 
,4-1.'. 
.4-1.-. 
.  474.'. 
.  47-.1 
.47-11 
.47-0 
.  47-11 
.4771 
.  4711- 
.4-21 
.  4- 12 
.  I-I.-. 
.4-111 

.  4iHin 
.11111 1 

.4-12 

.  4-.M1 

10.  41-08 


i 

/-/ 

i 

s 
2 

7i'0.  K'. 

74.  .'..'.4 

7711.  14 

.  311.7  1 

7711.  Ml 

.  11  111  1 

7-11.  nil 

.  4-.'n 

7-11.  Ill 

.4l-< 

7-11. 1111 

..'.111  ' 

7-n.  411 

.4-8  ' 

7711.77 

.4in 

778.  10 

.  '21.0 

77r..'.| 

.  302 

7711.  12 

.3111 

7711.  'JII 

.413 

77.-.  31 

.  '2.72 

7711.11 

.1110 

77-.  311 

.  a.'..'. 

77-.  82 

.'24- 

778.11.'. 

.  2.74 

7711.  nil 

.  21111 

7711. 117 

.  mill 

777.-1 

.181   . 

777.  ,7 

.  100   . 

2111 

.1^ 

711 

74 
217 
144 

(ill 

81 

42 

20 

1111 

02 

28 

811 

no 
no 

:!■! 


44100 

81 

3844 

(1341 

.'.470 

47(ln1 

•2(1711(1 

4701 

711.70 

17(14 

41111 

4701 

81114 

784 

71121 

11210 

HlllO 

21101 

IJJ!) 

2-.112I 

111084 


Ml  .111  viilni'  1. 1'  oiu'  tnili.  71". 314  1  .Olil 

Mi'ini.  7l".ill4 

Ci.rr.  li.i  ri'liiii'..     '■.Iilli 

\'.tliii-  ol  i.lir  t  iirii  I.I'  nut  roil...  7l".n08 

t  II  .110 

r  .i  U".07l 

J„  =  0'.(I24 

T„  =  C'.OIO 


1«J 


187  4. 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

June  18.5. 

FouT  BiTOiiii,  Dakota. 

Ohserratiotis  to  determine  the  valiw  of  one  turn  of  the  mkrometer  of  Zenith  Telescope 
MS' iirdcmann  No.  20  ;  Chronometer  Xegus  Xo.  1513,  eastern  tlonijation  of  Volaris. 

(Observer,  J.  F.  Gregory,  C.i;>tni:i  I'liiteil  States  Kngiiieers.] 
CUrououieter-time  (if  eloiigatioD,  19'  18"  K.>. 


No. 

Chronoin. 
time. 

Correi'tien 
to  motion 
invertieal. 

Correctiou 
lor  It'Vfl. 

Correeted 
tune. 

No. 

Cliroiioin. 
time. 

Correction 
to  motion 
in  vertieai. 

Cnrreetion 
tor  level. 

Corrected 
timo. 

15rev.  in- 
tirval. 

« 

h.  1)1.    « 

g. 

«. 

h.    m.   g. 

ft.   wt.  *. 

». 

«. 

h.  VI.    «.     ' 

. 

». 

1 

18  as  40.  0 

+  11.8 

+  (1.0 

18  38  52.  4 

31 

19  22  91.  9 

0. 

-  0.7 

19  22  21.2 

2C08.  S 

3.7 

o 

4U  0*.  9 

10.  5 

+  9.7 

40  19.  1 

32 

23  .50. 5 

0. 

0.8 

23  49.  7 

10.(1 

.5. 5 

3 

41  :m.o 

9.3 

+  0.7 

41  48.0 

3.1 

25  10.  3 

0. 

1.1 

25  1,5.2 

07.2 

2.1 

4 

43  m.  3 

8  3 

-  (1.4 

43  14. 1 

34 

20  44.  9 

-  0.; 

1.1 

20  4 1.  7 

09.  (i 

4.5 

5 

44  32.  e 

7.3 

+  (1.7 

41  40.8 

35 

28  10.  0 

0.2 

1.1 

28  09. 3 

08.  5 

3  4 

6 

4lj  00.8 

(i.  3 

+  (1.4 

40  07. 5 

30 

2!)  37.  0 

0.2 

1.2 

29  3.5. 0  , 

08.  1 

3.0 

7 

47  27.  0 

.5.5 

+  (1.0 

47  3:1.  7 

37 

31  03.  9 

(1.4 

1.2 

31  02.3  ; 

08.6 

3.  5 

8 

48  54.  3 

4.7 

+  0.9 

48  ,'.9. 9 

38 

32  33.  4 

0.5 

1.2 

;I2  31.7 

11.8 

(i.7 

0 

50  24.  0 

4.1 

0.0 

50  28.  1 

39 

33  59.  0 

0.8 

1.2 

;t;)  .57. 0  1 

08.9 

3  8 

10 

51  51.3 

3.4 

0.0 

51  .51.  7 

40 

35  "7.  0 

1.0 

1.4 

35  24. 0 

09. 9 

4.8 

II 

.'.3  211.1) 

2.9 

0.0 

.53  23.  5 

41 

30  5i  0 

1.3 

1.4 

:io  49. 9 

00.4 

1.3 

\i 

54  ii>.  0 

2.4 

+  0.4 

51  50.8 

42 

38  20.  7 

1.5 

1.4 

,38  17.  8 

07.0 

1.9 

l;t 

5(i  13.  7 

2.0 

+  0.1 

.50  1.5.8 

4:1 

39  40.  0 

1.9 

1.4 

39  42. 7  1 

00.9 

1.8 

u 

57  43.  4 

I.(i 

+  0.1 

,57  4.5.  1 

41 

41  13.8 

2.3 

1.4 

41  10.1 

05.0 

0. 1 

1.1 

18  59  10.  0 

1.3 

+  0.1 

18  59  11.4 

45 

42  40.  0 

2.8 

1.4 

42  :).5.  8 

04.  4 

0.7 

lU 

19  00  38.  4 

1.0 

+  0.2 

19  (.9  39.  0 

40 

44  09.  4 

3.3 

1.4 

44  04.  7 

0.5.  1 

0.0 

n 

02  01.4 

0.8 

+  0.2 

02  1».  4 

47 

45  .1.5.  4 

3.9 

1.4 

45  ;w.  1 

04.7 

0.4 

18 

0)  ;i:i.5 

O.ll 

-  0.2 

03  33.  9 

48 

47  07.  9 

4.5 

1.4 

4li  .50.  0 

(12.  1 

:i.o 

19 

O.-i  (10. 0 

0.4 

-  0.  5 

04  59.  9 

49 

4''  29.  0 

.5.3 

2.  1 

48  21.  (i 

01.7 

:i.4 

20 

03  27.  7 

(1.3 

-  0.  5 

Oil  27.  5      ,50 

49  .57.  5 

0.1 

1.9 

49  49.  5 

02.  0 

;i.  1 

ill 

07  52.  3 

(1.2 

0.0 

07  52.  5   ■  51 

51  2.5.  0 

7.0 

1.9 

51  10.  1 

■Hio:i. « 

1. 5 

oa 

09  2:t.  3 

+  0.1 

-  0,4 

09  23.  0 

.52 

52  52.  H 

8.0 

1.9 

52  42.  9 

2.599.  9 

5. 2 

•a 

10  49.  0 

0. 

-  0.4 

10  4S.  0 

.53 

54  19.7 

9.0 

2.  1 

51  08.0 

2000.  0 

.5.1 

•it 

12  Hi.  8 

0. 

-  0.  1 

12  10.4      .54 

.55  49.  1 

10. 1 

2.  1 

55  :lll.  9 

(111.  5 

4.0 

25 

13  41.9 

0. 

-  (1.4 

13  41.5      .55 

.57  14.7 

11.3 

l.f 

57  lll.O 

00.1 

,5.0 

au 

15  08. « 

0. 

-  1.2 

15  07.  4 

,50 

l!l  58  4.5.  0 

12.7 

1.0 

5"  :io.  7 

0:1,  ;i 

1.8 

■ii 

10  3.-1.  9 

0. 

-  0.  2 

10  31.8 

57 

20  (10  13.  0 

14.1 

1.0 

19  .59  .57.9 

0:1.1 

2.0 

28 

18  03.  5 

0. 

-  (1.1 

1-  03.  4 

58 

01  41.5 

1.5.0 

1.0 

20  01  24.3 

00.  9 

4.2 

2U 

19  29. 0 

0. 

-  11.  1 

19  28  9 

.59 

(13  08.  0 

17.;: 

1.5 

02  49.  8 

CO.  9 

4.3 

30 

19  20  50. 0 

0. 

-  0.2 

19  20  .5.5.  8 

(iO 

20  04  38.  3 

-   19.0 

-1.5 

20  04  17.  8 

2002.  0 

;i.  1 

LEVEL  OH8EI1VATI0XS. 

1st  rnlitnct  lit     T3.5.0 
OOtli  colltaot  .it  r   5  5 

\  Value  of  one  iUvIsIcd  of  lerol,  0".893. 

1 

j 

No 

N.    (    S.    j 

1          ; 

Xo. 

N. 

i«- 

d.    !    li. 

i(- 

i    ". 

Mian. 

2ro.5vn5    1 

.438 

1 

18.0  '  19.  1 

27 

19.7 

1  19.5 

loi; 

:!.4I.5SI(1I 

18. 5      19.  1 

28 

19.  ( 

19.5 

log  15  cos  ( 

S.3;7207l 

4 

19.0      18.7 

30 

19.  s 

19.  U 

logval  one  turn 

I.79;i02;t5 

5 

Is.  ()      19.2 

31 

211.  ( 

19.  4 

\ 

al.  one  turn 

02".090.| 

0 

18.8      19.  1 

3:1 

20. '. 

19.  3 

'orreeti'  n  fi 

rrer  aeti  .ii. 

-  0"n'l5 

)8,7      19.2 

34 

29.; 

19.  4 

Ut.rrerteil  v.i 

iL'  one  lu  n 

(i2".059     i 

.010. 

8 

18.0  ,   19,3 

30 

29. .' 

19.  5 

9 

19.(1 

19.  (1 

40 

2(1.  ( 

!  19.  .7 

12 

18  8 

19.  1        47 

211.  7 

i  19.  .5 

i:i 

19.  0 

I'l.  1 

49 

21.  ( 

;  19.3 

in 

IS 

19.0 
19.  3 

19.  2 
19.  1 

.■|(l 
5:1 

21. ( 
21. 

1  19.5 
19.  4 

Mean  value   .it 

opted.  Hiving  the   deterniitiation  ot 

•rune    18,   1 

oiiiilo  welglit, 

l!l 

19.5 

19.  1 

."5 

21.1 

19.  (i 

(2".12(.. 

21 

19.  2 

r>.2 

51i 

21.1 

!  19.7 

23 

19.0 

19.3  i 

59 

21.  C 

1   19.8 

20 

I  20.  5 

19. .' 

1 
1 

ItM 


1874. 

UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

June  11,5. 

KoKT  BfioRi),  Dakota. 

Ubscrrationg  to  determine  the  value  of  one  turn  of  the  micromefir  of  Zenith  Telescope 
Wiirdvmann  No.  20,  elonijation  of  B.  A.  G.  No.  240  (eautcrn),  Chronometer  NeguH  1513, 
xidereal. 

[Observer,  J.  I''.  Grcj;iir,v,  C'^ipUin  UTnlted  Stntcs  Englnoora.) 

Chroiionu'tor-tline  of  eloDgation,  IS*  Sfl"  20'. 

U.  A.C.840,  apparent  plaee,  Jr.no  U.i.  1874,  A.  K.,  0>>  48"<  S9'.3;  S  Si"  SO'  3U". 


So. 


Chrimom. 
time. 


3li  05. 0 

■M  •i^.  0 

39  M.O 

40  .M.  5 

41  sn.ii 

41  16.0 
44  a!<.0 
4."i  ^^^.  11 
4(1  411.0 
4rt  111..'. 
40  II.  .-i 
.'lO  ffll.  0 
Rl  41.11 
■IJ  is.  0 
34  07.  S 
Xt  1.%.  5 
511  !!.'>.  0 
57  36.  .'i 
.'irt  4C.0 

00  0  '.  0 

01  i:i.o 

0.'  -J-.  0 

ii:i  :io.  0 
01  i-.r. 


li.'t 


,0,  (I 


07  I. -1.0 

ov  j:i..i 

cm  :iii.  0 

I  10  40.0 


Correction 
Ut  im>tii)n 
in  vertical. 


+  !■ 


Correction  ;  Corrected 
ft)r  level.   I       time. 


1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
:  3 
1.  : 
1.0 
0.  K 
O.tl 
1.0 
0.  0 
0.7 
1.2 
.B 
.0 
.0 

.t 

.4 
.4 

3 
.4 


h.  itt. 

li  30 
37 
3" 
30 
40 
41 
43 
44 
4.-1 
46 
i!^ 
40 

m 

M 


:<6 

.17 

18  .V 

10  GO 

01 

Oi 

o:i 

01 
0."i 
07 
(H 
00 
10  10 


in.  3 
I.',.  .■, 

'M.  H 
37.  (1 
.W.  0 
.'iri.  -4 
l.V  1 
•J7.  0 
37.  1 
4^  I 

00.  r 
13.7 
St".  0 
40.  I 
47.3 
01.3 
14.7 
■J4.8 
3.-..  7 
47.  S 

01.  U 
13.4 
•JH.  3 
30.  4 
40.  1 
.',0.  .I 
l.V  I 
•-M.  0 
3i:.  3 

4'.;i 


Chronom. 
time. 


I.KVKL  Ol  SKitVATlONS. 


Ko,       N. 

s. 

No. 

N. 

it. 

d. 

,1. 

1    svo 

a.1.7 

83 

21.2 

0     21. 0 

21.H 

24 

24.  1 

10      'H.  0 

■J.l.  '.1 

2.-1 

24.  0 

!1      Ml.  H      Jl.O 

27 

21.  1 

11     -J  1.0 

■,M.  0 

2S 

21.  0 

1 1      J 1.  f 

■S.t.  0 

33 

23.  0 

1.-.    ■i\.^ 

•J4.  0 

31 

21.(1 

10     '^1.0 

■S.I.  H 

3.1 

21.0 

17  ■  ai.H 

■Jl.  0 

3li 

21.0 

•^  SI   !  S!4.  •> 

21.1 

.'lO 

23.  0 

a)  1  'U.  1    w. .". 

..1 

23.  d 

No. 

N. 
il. 

s. 

.'i2 

St.  3 

2.V  7 

?! 

23.  .'i 
.'3.  3 

2,.  7 
2.7 

rio 

2 1.  3 

2.-1.  0 

60 

21.2 

26.  II 

h.  m.  s. 

19  11  .'A  0 

13  10.  .-1 

14  23.0 
l.-i  33.  ."i 

16  46.  0 

17  .W.  ■> 
10  OS.  0 
SO  21.  0 

21  32.  0  I 

22  4.-1.  (I 

23  5li.  0 

25  i'f.  0  i 

26  20. 0 

27  34. 5 
2?  46.  .'i 
20  .W  0 

31  11.0 

32  22.  0 

33  36.  .-1 

34  4!<.  0 

36  III.  0 

37  12.  .'i 

38  2.V  .'i 
30  30.  0 

40  .-111.  .-1 

42  O.-i.  0 

43  16.5 

41  32.0 
4-1  44  0 

10  46  ,-,... .-, 


Correcti.iii 
to  iiiiilii'ii 
in  vi'ilioal. 

Correction 
for  level. 

Corrected 
time. 

ISrcv.  in- 
terval. 

V 

ti. 

s. 

h.  III.     ». 

«. 

8. 

-     .7 

■r     .7 

10  11  .l.-.O 

ai.V2.  7 

2.0 

.  0 

0.7 

13  10.3 

.'l  I.  c 

4.1 

1.  1 

1.  1 

14  23.0 

:*\.  2 

1.3 

1.2 

l.-i  33.  4 

Xu.  H 

.5.1 

l.U 

.  f 

16  4.'i.2 

54.  3 

3. 6 

1.0 

1.0 

17  .'il.6 

511.  4 

.5.7 

2.2 

.0 

10  06  H 

51.7 

1.0 

2.  6 

.0 

20  10.4 

52.  4 

1.7 

3.  1 

.0 

21  20.0 

52. " 

2.1 

3.  ,•, 

.0 

22  42.  5 

54.  4 

3.7 

4.0 

.0 

23  .',3.  0 

5.'.  2 

1.5 

4.  .-1 

.0 

2.-1  ll.'i.  5 

50.  f 

.  1 

.I.  1 

.0 

26  l.'i.  0 

47.  0 

2.8 

5.  S 

.0 

27  2 '.  7 

40.  6 

6  4 

.0 

2-  41.  1 

5:1.  H 

3.1 

7.2 

.0 

20  .-il.d 

51.  5 

.8 

f.  1 

.0 

31  03.  0 

40.  2 

1.5 

P.  0 

.0 

32  14.  1 

40.0 

.8 

O.H 

1  0 

33  27.  7 

5i  0 

1.3 

10.1. 

2.0 

34  30.  2 

52.  0 

1.3 

11.0 

1..-. 

3li  .',0.  6 

40. 0 

1.7 

13.0 

2.  .-> 

37  02.  0 

4H.li 

2.1 

14.2 

2.  .1 

-M  13. H 

4.-1.  5 

.5.  2 

l.'i.  4 

2.  .1 

30  2.-1.  0 

46.  5 

4.2 

lli.f 

2.  5 

4  1  36.  2 

47.  1 

3.6 

IK  2 

2.  5 

41    10.3 

40.  .- 

0,  :l 

10.  li 

2.  .-| 

42  .-lO.  4 

44.3 

0.4 

21.4 

2..-. 

41  II.  1 

4:1.  2 

i.:i 

21.0 

2.  5 

4.-,  21.  .-1 

47.2 

3. :, 

-  21.7 

-'' ■  2.  0 

10  40  33. 7 

2114  .-i 

6.  .; 

B  rl  nlLtilel  V  ]■  ''4:5  )■  ^'"'»<-'"'  -■•■»■  diviM,m  of  level,  O'.MKI. 


"jle.m,       2IJIV.71  ±  .412 
loK.  ;'..  ■13J.-.S70 
lo^  15  con?,  f.  4012136 

liif;  value  one  liiin,   I.70H.'I5 

\aliii'  olii'  llirii.     62  '.2  I4.-| 

rcoierlicili  liir  lef..   -0   .011.-, 

Value  of  uiir  turn  correc'ed,     6i''.i;3  ±  .012 


1^5 


1874, 

UNITED  STATES  NOETHEKN  BOUNDAUY. 

June  15.5. 

Four  Buponu,  Dakota. 

Observations  to  determine  the  value  of  one  turn  of  the  micrometer  of  Zenith  Telescope 
Wurdeman7i  No.  20,  Chronometer  Negus  1513,  eastern  elongation  of  Polaris. 

lObacrror,  J.  F.  GnuoTy.  Captain  United  Stales  Engineers.] 
Clironoiucter-tlme  of  elongntion,  11)''  18"  10*. 


in 


m 


>k 


X(i. 


Clironoin. 

time. 

h.  m.    9. 

is  111  liU 

:tl  nil.  11 

3{i  07. 7 

.17  X>.  (i 

;)fi  on,  0 

40  »7.  4 

4i  114.  7 

41  :io.  (i 

44  .'i7.5 

4(1  1!7.0 

47  r.4.7 

411  a:l.  t! 

M  M.'2 

M  111.  H 

5;)  47.  :> 

M  iXO 

.'.()  3'.i.  r, 

.'".^  i:i.  s 

18  Kl  :i(i.o 

lu  01  04.:) 

01  3iO 

o:l  .'!-.  5 

(i.-i  i!7.  n 

19  UO  54.  5 

Correction 
to  mot  ion 
in  vertical. 


8. 
4-  17.3 
l.'i.  7 
M.  1 
12.7 
11.3 
10.0 
9.0 
t-.O 
li.  <> 
ti.  0 


4.  r. 

3.  S 
3.3 
3.7 

a.  3 
i.ii 


Correction 
lor  level. 


1.2 
1.1 


ii.4 
2.4 
2.1 
2.1 
1.8 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.4 
1.4 


+ 


t'orrected 
time. 


h.  m.    s. 

IS  33  i*.  1 
34  51.2 
.IB  20.  (i 
37  40.  4 
30  If.  1 
40  4.V0 

42  11.3 

43  30.  5 
4.-1  OJ.  3 
40  31.2 
47  .V.  2 
40  20. 4 
!)0  .13.  3 
.V4  18.  4 
53  4K  5 
55  10.2 
50  40.0 
58  13. » 

18  59  30.8 

19  01  O.-i.  4 

OJ  3:1. 1 

0.1  5h.  7 

05  21-.  4 

I'.l  00  .').•!.  3 


No. 


Clirononi. 
time. 


h,  m,    g. 
19  08  19.  8 
CO  47.0 

11  13.4 

12  43. 0 

14  08.2 

15  33.0 
10  .5C.2 
18  27.5 
10  54.  0 
31  21.4 
82  47.0 
24  1.V8 
2.-1  41.3 
27  07.  8 
2«  3.'..0 

30  03.  7 

31  20.0 
3J  58. 2 
31  82.4 
35  48. 1 
37  Hi.  4 
3S  4.5.  8 
40  11.3 

19  41  30.2  1 


Correction 

tomollon 

i!'.  Tcrtic.M. 

«. 

+    .8 

.1 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

.3 

.4 

.(1 

.8 

1.0 

1.7 

8.0 

-  2.4 

Correction 
for  level. 


+    .6 
.5 

.r, 

.1 

.8 
1.  1 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 

1.1 

I.S 
1.0 
1.0 

1. 1 

.9 
1.5 
1.7 
l.M 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
2.1 
+  2.1 


1 
Corrected 

12  rev.  in- 

time. 

terval. 

h.  m.    ». 

«. 

19  08  20. 0  1 

2092. 5 

00  47.  0  1 

03.4 

11  13.9  ! 

93.  3 

12  43.7 

07.3 

14  09.0 

90.0 

15  34.  1 

80.  1 

10  .59.  3 

Ha.  0 

18  28.5 

»2.  0 

19  5.->.0 

92.  7 

at  22.  5 

91.  3 

23  48.8 

90.  fi 

24  10. 0 

90.2 

85  42.  3 

89.0 

27  08.  8 

90.4 

28  3->.  7 

87.2 

30  04. 9 

^8.7 

31  30.  9 

9<l.  9 

32  .59.  4 

e.-i.  5 

34  23.  4 

80.  0 

35  48. » 

h3.  5 

37  10.  0 

83.8 

a*  45.  9 

87.2 

40  11.4 

83.0 

19  41  :i8.9 

8083.0 

LEVEL  0118!  KVATI0S8. 


0. 

X. 

s.  1' 

1 

20.0 

19.0   1 

2 

19.  9 

19.0 

3 

20.0 

19.0   1 

4 

21.2 

H.7   I 

5 

2  1. 3 

18.5  : 

0 

20.4 

18.  5   1 

7 

90.4 

IK  5 

8 

81.4 

1 '. ;  1 

9 

SO.  4 

18.7   ! 

10 

20.4 

11.0 

17 

80.  1 

19  2 

19 

2).  1 

19.  f 

20 

19.  H 

20.  0 

21 

19.7 

21).  0 

22 

20.  0 

19.  H 

23 

19.7 

20.0 

at 

19.  5 

90.  0 

20 

f'.ci 

211. 0 

28 

19.5 

20.  1 

19.4 
19.7 
1  1.7 

:  9.  II 

19.- 
19.7 
19.  r- 
l'l,7 
19. 1  i 
19.  r. 


20.3 
20.5 
20.0 
20.0 
2>.li 
20.  0 
211.  5 
-.0. 9 
21.0 
21. 8 


48111  contact  at 


r  '12  5  \  ^'"'"''  "''  """  '"^■'i''''"  "f  '"*■*'  ""■*'"• 

Ml  (111,  20«)'.2 

lo)!.  3.  31!19.-I10 

loK  1.5,  1.17rO'il3 

loj:  c  »  «,  8. 3772074 


III 


8,  87:  8787 
;  12.  1.07111   12 


loK  vulne  of  ulli'  tnrn.  1.  7I':0975 
valni-  one  turn,       l2  .211 

CoiriM-tioD  f.-r  ri'f .  —  (i'.032 
True  viilui'  one  turn,     63", 212  ± 


IM 


'  ll 

II 


I? 


18  7a. 
UNITED  STATES  NOUTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

Determination  of  Chronometer  corrections  of  Chronometir  Negus  Sidereal  1511,  bi/  Transit 

Observations. 


AT  Station  No.  1,  Ihitiai.  Poist  KKAn  Pejidina,  D*k. 

Bate.  Ohjects. 

Sfpt.  12. 4.    flCygiii,  aCrphoI,  f  Aqnarii,  cr(»gnfil,  79  Drncoiiis,  aAnnarii,  tf  Aquaiii,  irAqunrit,  ODrao 

l!k-]it.  Id.  5.    .:  AqiiitfD,  Y  Aquilu',  irCophet,  Gr.  3i!41,  13-Yr.  IfcTy,  a  Ct'iihci,  a  Aquani,  3a  Uis.  Mi^.,  9  Drac, 

I  Cephoi.o  Ft'K.lwl 

Sept.  26.  r>.    u*  PiHriuni,  4  Drnc,  a  CaAsinp.,  <  rincitini 

Sept.  28. 4.    o  Cy(;iii,  fi  Aqimrii,  v''  Ure.  AlnJ.,  1  Drac. ,  f  Aquarii,  cPci^asi,  a  Atitiarii,  2.iGCoiihei 

At  Statiox  So.  2,  Ea.st  (Lake  op  Woo[«). 

Oct.  24.4.    0  Aquarii,  a  Pogosl,  o  Ccphci,  A  Drac,  Gr.41(i3,  y  Pfgael,  81  Cassiop.,  tPiacinm 

SEXTANT  TIITE. 


Corfrtion 
to  1:11 1. 
-3'.73 

— I'.S.I 
— fl'.42 

— O'.BO 


+8-  24>.M 


Fort  Ppmbina . 
Fort  Pembina . 
Fort  Pembina . 
Fort  Pembina . 


Fort  Pembina . . . 
Fort  Pembina . . . 
N.W.Auglo 


Station  No.  9  East . 
Station  No.  2  E.i8t . 
Station  No.  2  East . 


Dato. 


Anj;."! 
Ang.aa 
Aug.  23 
Ang.2G 

Aug.  29 
Sept.  1 
Oct.  10 

Oct.  14 
Oct.  10 
Oct.  29 

Not.  2,  a.  ni. 
Nov.  4,  a.  ni. 


Objects. 


Sun. 
Sun. 
Snn . 


a  Ophinchi 

o  Pegasl 


Snn. 
Sun. 


a  Andromeda). 
a.  Lyra) 


Sun 

Sun 

aTauri .. 
<t  PegaRl  . 

Siui 

Son 


Cbronoraeter 
used. 


D.iesm.s.. 
n.  ISi'ni.  8.. 
B.  l?8m.8  . 
N.  1514sid. 

ai88m.s.. 
n.  lesm.s  . 
N.  l.-)14  sirt  . 

N.  1319  m.  8 
N.  1514  Bill . 
N.  1514  Bill . 

N.  1319  ni.  s 
N.  1310  ni.  B 


Oitflerved 
correction. 


h.  m. 
-1  20 


-1  20 

+      8 

-«  10 

+      8 

t-      8 

-fl  15 
-«  14 


1 1. 1! 
11. D 
10.4 
C8.0 

10.5 

09.4 
37.7 

40.4 
23.0 
20.2 

Oli.9 
.'.7. 0 


Latitade 


O      I      II 

48  5fi  45 


48  .Ifi  45 

49  92  26 

48  59  '.5 
48  59  45 

48  59  45 

49  22  20 
49  29  20 


Longi- 
tutle. 


h.  m.  f. 

0  28  55 


6  28  55 
6  20  [37: 

C  91  07 
0  91  07 
6  91  07 

0  90  [37)' 
0  20[37]l 


Corrertion 
tu  1514. 


h.m,    t. 
-1  20  18.8 

17.5 

10.5 

13.9 


-1 

20  08.  4 

-1 

19  :<i,  9 

■f 

8  37.7 

+ 

8  16.3 

.u 

822.1 

-f- 

8  20.3 

+ 

9  08.8 

-1- 

9  It.B 

lb7 


f. 


I 


18  7  3. 
UNITED  STATES  NOKTDEKN  BOUNDAUY. 

D( termination  of  chronometer  corrections  and  resulting  corrections  of  Sidereal  Chronom- 
eter Ncgits  1481,  used  with  Zenith  Tclescoiie  for  deta-mination  of  Latitude. 

SEXTANT. 


Station. 


Station  No. 2  . 
Stntiim  No.  3  . 
Station  No.  3  . 
Station  No.  3  . 
Station  No.  3  . 
Station  No.  3  . 
Station  No.  4  . 
Station  No.  5  . 


Station  No.  i 


Station  No.  5 

StntionXo.5 , 

Station  No.  .I 

.Station  No.  .'i 

Station  No.  !> 

Station  No. .') 

St<ition  No.  ."i 

Station  No..'. 

Station  No.  ."i 

Station  No.r> 

Station  No.  ,1 

Station  No.  .I 

Station  No,5 

Station  No.,'. 

Station  No.5 

Sl.'tlli.n  N(.. .'. 

Tiirtio  Monntaii.  Dipot. 

Trniporary  Camp 

Station  No.  7 

Station  No.  7 

Station  No.7 

StatH.n  No.  7 


Date. 


Jiino  10 
June  IS 
iTnnc  13 
•Tune  14 
Juni.  IS 
Juno  Hi,  p.  ni 
Jiiiio  17,  p.  in. 
Juno  as 

Juno  2C.  3 

.Inno  aij 
Jnno  Si) 
.Inno  30 
July     1,  a.  n). 
July     2,  a.  tn. 
July    3, a.  ni. 
July     0 
-Tuly     7.  a.  ni. 
July     8, a.  111. 
July    9 
July  10,  a.  ni. 
July  11,  p.  m. 
July  12 
July  13,  a.  111. 
July  14,  a.  ni. 
July  1.".,  a.  m. 
July  2-1 

July  28 
July  30 
AUR.  1 
Auil.  2 
Auk.    (1 


Objects. 


Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

a  Lyrai 

a  lUH.tiH 

a  T.ynr 

a  Ilootirt 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun   

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Snn 

Sun 

Sun  

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sitn 

Sun 

Sun 

a  Aiinllio 

a  Ititotia 

a  A(piiln> 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 


Cltrononii'tfT 

UHi'd. 


()'  Htrv('3 
corriM-tlon. 


1310  ra.  a  . 
13l'.l  ni.  H . 
1310  in.  a. 
1310  III.  a. 
1310  III.  a. 
1310  m. a  . 
1318  m.  a  . 
irlOni.  B. 


1310  in.  H 
1310  III.  8 
1310  in. H 
1310  ni.H 
1310  ni.  a 
1310  ui.  a 
1310  in.  A 
1310  ni.  8 
1310  in.  a 
1310  III.  a 
1310  III.  a 
1310  in.  a 
1310  in.  8  . 
1310  111.  8 
1310  in.  s. 
1319  ni,  8 
1310  in,  a 

1310  ni.  a 
1310  ni.  a 
1319 m.  8 
1319  in.  8 
1310  in.  8 


Latituili' 


m.    A. 
^    1  50.  4 

,    u  ,;i..'. 

^  -  ■'• 

+  0  :. 

-I  0  to, » 

I  0  4t.  9 

+  0  40.  5 

-  a  37.  3 

-  2  33.3 

-  2  3.'..  7 

-  2  20.  8 

-  2  31.  !> 

-  2  31.3 

-  2  30  3 

-  S  32.  4 


l-".  0 
10.1 

17.  3  I 

in.  0  I 

,3.0  I 
ll.S  ' 
14.9 
13.9 

ia.n 

.'..'..  3  ' 


40  00  04 
40  Oil  II.'. 


40  00  0,1 

49  00  00 


I 


2H,  4 
0". .'. 
01.8 
.'A .'. 
.'..->.  3 


49  00  110 
40  03  14 

to  0.-,  nil 

40  01  .'.0 


I 


Lonxi* 
tuile. 


Ii.  in.  g. 
a  30  41 


G  32  02 

0  35  30 


A  3.'.  30 
0  30  22 

n  44(321 

n  4.'. 


Com-ction 
to  1481. 


nt.    K. 

-  fl  no.  0 

-  7  21. 1 

-  7  22.  4 

-  7  21.  8 

-  7  21.8 

-  7  20. 0 

-  7  2.'k  0 


14.1 

in.  7 
2n.o 

10.4 
10.5 
20.4 
23.  1 
2.'l  7 
23.  5 
34.1 
a,'..  8 
2,'i.  0 

a7. .'. 

28.2 

30.  n 

31.4 


I  03.  5 
I  0.'..  5 
!  05.  3 
I  11.8 


18S 


KEPOUT  OF  THE  CIIIKF  ASTIJONOMEU. 


189 


Sixtant  Time — Coiitinueil. 


StDtloil. 

Dntii. 

Objects. 

Cbrnnomoter 
used. 

ObwTvwl 
correction. 

Latitude. 

O      1       II 

49  01  50 

43  .58  18 

Lnngi- 
tUile. 

Corn'etioii 

to  1481. 

-22  13.  0 
-89  17.0 

Stiiiinn  'So  7 

Ang.    7 
Aug.  18 
Aug.  19 

Snn 

N.  1319  m.  a  . 
N.  1311)  in.  8  . . 

m.    1. 
-11  04.0 

-IS  81. a 

h.  m.  1. 
U  45  .52 

It  .52  44 

station  Xo.9 

Station  No.9 

Sun 

Snn 

N.  11119  ni.B  . 

-18  17.3 

-29  19.  7 

StntiouXo.9 

Ang.  29 

Sun 

N.  1319  m.  a  . 

-17  52.3 

-29  31.  n 

Ang.  :i0 
Ang.  :il,a.  m. 

N.  1319  m.  H  . 

17  .'lO.  1 

Station  No.9 

Snn 

N.  1319  ui.  a  . 

-17  49.0 

48  58  18 

0  ,52  44 

-3!l  3:1. 9 

Temporary  Camp 

Sipt.    1 , p.  m. 

Snn 

N.  1319  m.  »  . 

-19  10.  1 

49  01  30 

0  .51(27) 

-31  0.5.0 

Sopt.    3,  p.  ni. 
S.^pt.    4 

48  .58  00 
4.1  00  40 

0  ,55  [30) 
0  50  22 

-:i2  20.  H 
-33  11.5 

SInlion  No.  10 

alloolls 

X.  13111m.  8  . 

-21  11).  H 

St.illou  No.  10 

Sfpt.    .'),  n.  ni. 

Siin 

N.  1319  in.  a  . 

-2I|13.(1) 

-33)l(i.3| 

Station  No.  10 

N.  1319  m,H. 
N.  1319  m.  8. 

-.13  12.3 
-31  12.7 

Station  No.  10 

Sept.    7,  a.  m. 

Sun 

21  04.4 

49  00  40 

0  50  22 

Camp  nriir  No.  10 

Sept.    3 

Sun 

.\.  1319  in.  8  . 

-20  09.2 

4,-  58  30 

0  ,V.130) 

-32  21.0 

Nrar  No  10 

Si'pt.    9 

Sun  

N.  1319  in.  H.. 

-  20  Oli.  8 

48  ,58  30 

0  !i5[;;o] 

-32  22.5 

St  liny  Crci'k 

Si  pt.  12,  p.  m. 

Sun 

N.  l.ll'l  m.  a  . 

-24  12.1 

49  01  00 

li  .■•*(32] 

Station  No.  11 

Si'pt.  14.  p.  in. 
Si'pt.  14 
Sept.  15 

Sun    

N.  13I9U1.8.. 

-35  02.5 

49  ( 0  ,55 

7  00  49 

Station  No.ll 

a  IiOOtirt   

N.  I'lei  Bill  .. 

-  37  40.  .•< 

49  00  55 

-37  40.  8 

Station  No.  il 

Sun 

N. 1319  in. 8 

~2.-i  00.  9 

49  00  10 

-37  40.7 

Station  No.ll 

Sept.  10 

Snn 

N.  1319  ni.  8 

21  .'•>9.2 

-37  44.  5 

Statliai  No.  11 

.Sipt.  10 

a  Boutis   

N.Hi-l  hill 

37  39.  8 

-37  39.  9 

Sept.  17 

alloulis     

a  .Vnilromeiiio 

N.  1481  aiii  . 

37  42  5 

49  Oil  III 

7  OO  49 

-37  42.  5 

Sopt.  20 

altootiA 

Sun 

N.  1481  sill  . 
N.  1319  m.  a.. 

-41  37.7 
-2<  S9.0 

49  00  00 
48  .',9  30 

7  04  ,50 

-41  37  7 
-41  40.  1 

Station  No.  12 

Sipt.  21 

Statiim  No.  12 

Si'pt.  22 

Sun 

N.  1319  in.  8  . 

•W  31.0 



-41  37.0 

Station  No.  12 

Sept.  2rl.  .1 

Sun 

N. 1319  m.  8  . 

-27  ,58.  (i 

48  59  ;io 

7  04  .50 

-41  2.5.  C 

Oct.      6 

N.  1481  aid.. 

-28  ( 5. 3 

4!l  02  40 

0  51  [30] 

-28  0.5.3 

a  Anilromedu) 

t 


'     n 

M 


I   it 

1    I 

"^1 


f'i 


1    : 


1873. 
UNITED  STATES  XOKTHERN  BOUNDARY. 

Determination  of  chronometer  corrcctionn  and  resulting  corrections  of  Sidereal  Chronom- 
eter Hegua  1513,  used  with  Zenith  Telescope  for  determination  of  Latitude. 

SEXTANT. 


Station. 


Fort  Ponibina 

Fort  Pembina 

Fort  Pembina 

Near  Foi  t  Pembina 

Near  Fort  Ponibina 

Camp  No.  8 

Camp  No.  3 

Camp  No.  a 

C.imp  No.  9  

Camp  No,  a 

Temporary  Camp 

Camji  No.  4 

'Jamp  No.  4 

Camp  No.  4 

Camp  No.  S 

Tnrtio  MouDtiiri  Depot  . . . 
Turtle  Moi,.  ;i.  •  ot ... 

Turtle  Mountain  Deiiot  . . . 
Temporary  Camp 

Station  No.  6 

StatlonNo.fl 

Station  No.6 

Station  No.a 

Station  No.  C 

SUitlon  No.8 

lUO 


Date. 

Juno  S 
Juno    3 

Juno  -I 
Juno  e 
Jane    u 

June  10. 4 

Juno  10. 5 
Jnnc  13 

June  IG 
Juno  19 

Juno  33 
June  33 

June  3G.  5 
Juno  39 
July     9 
July   13.5 
July   IB 

July  23 
.ruly  25 

July  20.5 

July  29 

Aug.    1 

Aug.    5 

Aug.     e 


Objects. 


Sun 

a  Aqnilto  . 
a  Bootis  . . 


Suu   

Sun 


^Leonifl .. 
a  Ai]Uitm  ■ 

0  T.foni'i . . 
a  LyrtD  . . . 


a  AquiltD  . 
a  lloutiH  .. 

Sun  


a  Aqilila)  . 
ff  Ltimiu. . 


a  Aquiln: 

a  Iliiotia  . . 


sun 


Sun 

Sun 

Suu    

Sun   

a  Aqullte 

a  llootit* 


1  Aquilic  . ... 
L  BuutiH 


Sun 

a  Andiomedie 

a  Aquilai 

a  HuotiH 


a  Aqililm 
aXliiolis  .. 


0  rii.'a"i .... 
a  Bootia  — 


/JPegasl... 

a  BuntiM  .. . 


Aug.  10.  45  I  Snu   .    

j  a  llootin 

a  An<lronio(la3 


Cbronomctcr 
used. 


N.  1319  m.  8 
N.  1S14  Sid  . 

N.  1319  m.  n 
N.13l9ni.s 
N.  1514  Sid  . 

N.  1514  sld  . 

B.  Ii^eni.s  . 
B.  Ipem.s.. 

n.  li'Sni.  B  . 
B.  >5Hni.  B  . 

B.  1^8  m.  8  . 
N.  1513  Bid  . 

n.  IHS  m.  B. . 
II.  188  m.  8  . 
B.  18eni.  B  . 
B.  leSm.H  . 
B.  It'Sra.  8  . 

B.  IfSni.a.. 
N.  i:i\3  Bul  . 

IS  ICSni.  8  . 

B.  Ifgni.  a... 

li.  1P8  m.  a 

B.  lesni.s 

B,  188  m.  B 

B.  188  ra.  a 


Obflcrvod 
correction. 

+ 

m.  *. 
3  35.9 

+ 

0  30.  5 

+ 

3  24.0 

+ 

3  33.8 

^- 

0  38.5 

- 

1  17.  a 

_i 

17  30.7 

-1 

17  30.  9 

—1 

17  31.4 

-1 

17  31.7 

—1 

19  47.  3 

- 

G  00.4 

—1 

19  54  5 

-1 

1!)  .Vi.  5 

—1 

22  29.2 

-I 

26  14.  7 

-1 

2G  19.  1 

—1 

SO  SG.  3 

- 

14  38.  0 

-" 

29  08. 9 

-1 

29  10.9 

-1 

99  19.0 

-1 

29  14.3 

-1 

39  M.  7 

-I 

30  5C.  6 

Latitude, 


o      /   // 

48  66  45 


4'^  50  45 
48  CU  51 

48  M  51 

49  03  04 

40  00  04 
4')  00  04 

49  CO  04 
49  00  04 

48  58  45 
4H  ri9  53 

48  ,W  59 

48  59  59 
.,<  r,9  58 

49  0:l  15 
49  0:l  15 

49  Ot  J 5 
49  08  14 

48  .59  45 

48  59  49 

48  59  49 

48  59  42 

48  59  42 

49  01  09 


L'  ngi- 
tndc. 


h.  m.  <. 

G  28  55 


G  28  .5.-1 
G  38  55 
G  28  55 

6  30  41 

0  30  41 
G  30  41 

G  30  41 
fi  30  41 

«  31  58 
G  ;i3  04 

0  33  01 

G  33  04 
C  35  -" 
G  39  9J 
G  39  99 

«  .19  29 
C  41  .■!4 

G  49  04 

0  49  04 

0  49  04 

G  49  04 

6  49  04 

0  49  45 


Correction  I 
to  1513.      ' 


m.    g. 
—  1  48.  8 


1  48.0 
1  .TO.  4 


—  3  30.  5 

—  3  35.  7 

—  3  37. 0 

—  3  37.  8 

—  5  54. 3  I 

I 

—  G  00.  4  ] 

—  B  03.0 

—  G  05.  5  ; 

—  8  39.  4  j 
—12  24.  4  j 
—12  25.  8 

-19  97.  8 
-14  38.0 

—15  09.  2 

-15  09.8 

-15  09.  4 

—15  11.4  i 

—15  12.4 

—29  50.  1 


11 


EEPOllT  OF  THE  COIEP  ASTRONOMER. 

Sextant  Time — Coiitiiiiied. 


191 


StntioD. 


Station  No,  8. 


SliitloiiN'o.  8 

Wood  End  Depot  Coiiip  . 
VTood  End  Depot  Camp  . 


Onto. 


Objects. 


Aug.  90. 4 

Aug.  ao.  4 

AiiR.  58.3 
Sept    G 


Sun 

a  ItootiH  

a  Audrumoilo)  . 


a  Hoot  in 

a  ADilnmicdlu  . 
0  Pegnrtl 


olloiitia 

a  Audinmcdo)  . 


altOfltiR 

a  Andromedm  . 


Chronometer  I    Obaervod 
used.        '   correction. 


I      K  m.  M. 
n.lS8ni.8...     —1  3U  5T.9 
N.  lOlUHiil.. 


1).  188  01. 8. . . 

N.  1513  aid.. 
N.  1513  aid.. 


-1  30  54.9 

—  2S  0.1. 0 

—  84  S3. 4 


Latitude. 


Longi- 
tude. 


(Jnrroction 
to  i:<t:i. 


0   .« 

49  01  OS 

h.  in.  n. 
0  49  4.-I 

40  01  03 

0  49  43 

49  01  36 

8  51  38 

49  01  30 

(i  31  58 

m.    g. 
— ftj  .'0. 1 


—22  47.  4 

—S3  CO.  0 
—84  S.'i.  4 


I 


W  I 


in- 


m  li 


I 


18  7  1. 


"H 


UN1TEI>  STATES  NOUTUEUN  IJOUNDAllV. 

Determination  of  Chronometer  corrections,  and  correction  of  Chronometer  Negus  1513, 
tchcncver  nml  in  f Altitude  work,  4'Jth  parallel. 

SEXTANT. 


StAtion. 

Date. 

Olijoct^. 

Chrononiotor 
used. 

(ilwcrvcrt 
corixTtion. 

Latitude. 

Longl. 
tado. 

1513corrcc. 
tiou. 

111.     «. 

Fort  Biirord 

June  15 

Sun 

N.  1319  m.  8... 

in.    g. 
+  20  03.9 

»  '  " 

47  59  07 

A.  in.  «. 
6  SS  52 

Fort  Buford 

June  in 

Sun 

N.  1319  ra.n... 

+90  0«.  5 

Fort  Buford 

Juno  18 
June  IH 

Sun     

N.  131D  ni.  R. . 
N.lJBl  tld  .. 

+211  08.  0 
-38  43. « 

Fort  Buford 

aA«|uUlO 

oBooIld 

Fort  Buford 

Juno  ao 

Suu 

N.  1319  ni.B.. 

+20  09.  G 

BIk  Muddy 

Jnui'  82 

Sun   

N.  13inm.  s... 

+  17  .50.8 

48  09  10 

0  58  18 

FroiirhmnirH  Point 

Juno  85 

Sun 

N.  l.llUni.  8  .. 

+10  39.  8 

49  08  38 

0  .59  35 

Juno  8B 
Juno  28 

N.  1319  m.  8... 
N.  1.M3  Bid  . . 

+15  30.2 
-  8  08. 1 

48  07  .W 
48  III  55 

7  00  40 
7  04  02 

-08  0,'.  1 

Llttlo  roreupinii  Cleok 

aAquiho  

Buggy  Criok   

Juno  30 

Sun 

N.  131!)  ni.  s.. 

(10  00.9 

48  10  18 

7  Oli  23 

ItookyCrcfk 

July     2 

Sun 

N.  1319  m.  ».. 

+  8  29.8 

49  99  37 

7  07  58 

I'rairie 

July    3 

Sun 

K.  1319  ni.  9,... 

+  8  10. 0 

48  42  50 

7  08  20 

Fort  Turuftv 

July     4 

oCygni 

a  Ilouti8  

N.  1.'.13  Sid... 

-19  53.4 

48  44  OS 

7  06  47 

- 19  .53.  4 

StAtion  No.  in 

July     5 

<i  Cycni 

a  llootiM 

N.  i:.13  aid.... 

-13  43.7 

48  58  03 

7  09  35 

-13  43.7 

Station  No.  13 

July     « 

at'ygni 

1513  (.id.... 

-13  42.0 

4S  .58  08 

7  09  .35 

- 13  49.  0 

Station  Xii  14 

July  10 

Sun 

N.  1319  ni.  B  .. 

+  3  58.  7 

49  DO  03 

7  13  52 

-10  59.3 

Station  No.  14 

July   11 

Sun 

N.  1319ni.  8  .. 

-i-  3  52.  7 

49  00  03 

7  12  5-3 

-10  58.7 

Station  No.  14 

July  12 

rtCvgni 

aliuiitia  

N.  1513  Bid.... 

-16  58.4 

49  00  03 

7  19  59 

-10  58.4 

Station  Xo.  15 

July   15 

N.  1319  ni.B. 

-  0  4a  4 

49  00  03 

7  17  00 

-21  44.3 

Station  No.  15 

■lulv  20 

al'vgn;    

a  lliioti-4 

N.  1513  Bid... 

-91  40.4 

49  00  03 

7  17  30 

-21  411.4 

Station  No.  10 

Station  Xo.  10 

July  2-3 
July  2.-1 

Sun  

N.  1319  m.B.. 
N.  1319  m.  8.. 

-  3  43.  4 

-  3  41.2 

4.-  59  55 
48  .59  55 

7  90  41 
7  90  41 

-24  49.9 
-24  .50.  9 

»(;.VBni 

TemporaryStiitloD,  ncarNo.lT 

Station  No.  17 

i  Station  No.  17 

Julv  27 

N.1513  bid... 

27  3S.  3     48  50  8( 

-27  39.3 

Jnly  29 
Aug.    2 

N.  1319  m.  s... 
N.  1319  m.  8... 

-  7  39.  9     48  59  0« 

-  7  34.  1      48  .'-9  07 

7  21  44 
7  94  44 

-28  55.3 
-99  00.  5 

Sun 

Aug.    4 
Aug.     8 

Sun  

N.  1513  aid.... 
N.  1319  m.  B... 

-30  2(1.  9      40  01   13 
-10  48.7     49  01  00 

7  90  10 
7  93  03 

-30  2ft  y 
-39  SI.  8 

1  Station  No.  18 

19> 


RE  POUT  or  THE  CHIEF  A8TKONOMEU. 


Sextant  Time — Coutinucd. 


193 


station. 

Date. 

ObJcctB. 

Clirnnonii'tfT 
used. 

Oliacn-ed 
correction. 

Latitude. 

LoDgi- 
tudo. 

ISIScorree. 
tion. 

Station  Ni).  10 

Station  nenr  No.  20 

Aug.  13 
Aug.  18 

Aug.  19 

Auc.  23 
Aug.  35 
Sept.    1 

Sept.  10 

Snn 

N.  131'Jni.  B... 
N.  1513  Bid... 

N.  1513  aid... 

N.  1513  Hid... 
N.  1513  Hid... 
N.  1513  Hid.... 

N.  1513  Bid.... 

m.    «. 
—  14  33.(1 

-<0  04.  5 

-40  05.8 

-40  00.  7 
-10  09.2 
-30  49.  4 

-S7  24.  2 

0     '     // 
4U  00  00 

49  03  02 

49  03  02 

49  00  00 
49  00  04 
49  01  08 

47  48  50 

A.  TO.  «. 
7  31  55 

7  35  33 

735  33 

7  35  33 
7  35  33 
7  2(i  09 

7  22  39 

m.     K. 
-3U  19.0 

-40  04.5 

-40  05.8 

-40  Ofi.  7 
-40  09.  2 
-30  49.  4 

-27  24.  2 

OlllHltIs 

d  Andronieilo)  .. 

allootiH 

a  Andromeda). .. 

Station  near  No.  30  

StatlouNo.SO 

Station  No.  20 

Sun 

a  Ildotlf) 

d  Andromeda).. . 

0  Andromeda). .. 

oCor.  IJor 

aOiilduchi 

Sweet  Gr.i88  Depot,  No.  2 

Fort  IleutoD 

:;  :.* 


N   B 13 


; 


ti: 


if: 

I 
11 


1873, 

UNITED  StATES  NOUTOERN  BOUNDARY. 

JkclinatiouH  adopted  in  reducinif  obsirvafiotisfor  Latitude. 


11.  A.  f. 
No. 

DfcHuutiuiiB. 

rroiicr 
uuttlou. 

B.  A.  C. 

No. 

Declinations. 

rropcr 
inotioD. 

n.-.r.:i 

o 

l" 

O.'i.O.I 

+  o.ois 

1 
P344 

0 

1)0 

30 

3.\  40 

-  0.040 

CWI 

c. 

4,'. 

.■■.1.78 

+  0.007 

8300 

00 

36 

03.  no 

-  0.035 

«(W4 

ni!!<i 

40 
.'i7 

07 
40 

;)7. 00 

11.75 

40 
07 

CO 
37 

40 

laao 

34.15 

-  0.045 

-  0.007 

"'  +  "0.'607" 

67S8 

4J 

2.-> 

14.  IM 

-  0.044 

ISO 

3S 

52 

29.  43 

-  0.051 

C74-' 

.'.4 

40 

•r,.  ra 

+  0.  134 

175 

05 

20 

42.51 

H    0.0.50 

07^•0 

57 

4-3 

4;i.i'i 

-  0.  (.(]7 

108 

47 

3,1 

00.  30 

-  0.000 

tiii:n 

40 

10 

;ii.  70 
.-.1.  ( (i 

S19 

.'.0 

10 

09. 92 

-  0.03 

"+'6.'o:ii" 

C910 

(.1 

41 

as.  0  j 

4-  0. 049 

2:19 

CO 

25 

17.69 

+  0. 148 

s:.9 

37 

48 

16.  IS 

-f  0.019 

70-21 

til 

.M 

0.-.  11 

+  0.015 

12-Vr.     73 

07 

05 

4.5. 39 

..  0.015 

•,071 

:«i 

01 

40.  70 

-t-  O.fllH 

345 

30 

44 

311.  X^ 

-  0.000 

7110 

43 

4.-I 

a;.  04 

+  0. 0.53 

401 

28 

04 

00. 32 

-  0.  113 

71i;ii 

.^1.") 

:<:l 

10.  aa 

-  0.074 

TJl.". 

57 

07 

l.'i.  (JO 

-  0.215 

430 

no 

36 

10.50 

-  0.004 

474 

4S 

04 

04. 39 

-  0.0.53 

1277 

40 

40 

:)i.33 

-  0.029 

4P7 

47 

58 

43.  05 

-  0.  100 

7:w.-. 

47 

OJ 

o.'>.  aa 

+  0.0C9 

522 

50 

112 

34.31 

-  0.02-J 

74  H 
74rO 

,'il 
4.-1 

on 

ao.  00 

37.  10 

500 

50 

00 

31.05 

-  0.040 

■■+  o.ion" 

7I.-9 

Wi 

o:i 

ao.  00 

-  0.028 

nil 

03 

40 

13.75 

+  0.09 

0.'>C 

34 

22 

.•JO.  80 

-  0.038 

7.10,'-i 

XI 

.'.7 

30.  .V. 

4-  0. 000 

744 

05 

49 

29.07 

-  0.007 

7llO.'i 

m 

05 

.50.  87 

-  0.030 

752 

31 

13 

31.05 

-  0.050 

7b:i(1 

.'m 

:io 

34. 3.-, 

-  0.  oao 

825 

10 

27 

52.  53 

-  0.049 

7fi:!i 

ii 

11 

40.  81 

-  0.003 

77.V) 

.'.S 

40 

:a.  04 

-  0.043 

Hlfl 

7^ 

54 

31.02 

_  0.015 

079 

77 

15 

37.25 

-  o.onn 

77C..-1 

;iii 

04 

48.40 

-t    O.Olt 

999 

20 

31 

on.  72 

-  0.008 

77!'7 

.VJ 

00 

.1.-1.  40 

-  0.O38 

1                1101 

31 

15 

OidO 

-  0.030 

7^00 

4.-> 

.^:l 

3a.  .M 

-  0.012 

1127 

Oli 

17 

48.73 

-  0.107 

7.-iO 

4-< 

10 

40.  45 

-  o.o;t5 

7-fJ 

40 

'J4 

30.  as 

-  0.042 

1203 

na 

41 

37. 13 

-  0.025 

1228 

35 

25 

1.5.20 

-  0.019 

7!ltW 

41 

16 

34.  03 

-  0.01 

1254 

.^0 

00 

OIL  91 

-  0.0C8 

HO'JI 

.^O 

•,'.■> 

04.  70 

-  0.01 

12S7 

48 

04 

53.39 

-  0.026 

HKIIi 

40 

'Jl 

a3.  34 

-1-  0.  1295 
4-  0.1170 

rtWO 

4.^ 

3.'i 

54.  no 

soe3 

.'.« 

•J7 

42.37 

+  0.S685 

siart 

41 

•ja 

33. 80 

+  0.  003 

CJOO 

:io 

M7 

(18.11 

-  0.021 

Hi7:i 

('>; 

O.-i 

4 1.  43 

-  0.00(1 

s;)ii 

73 

41 

.".3.  ao 

-  0.011 

KK4 

•J4 

',-) 

48.  4J 

1 

104 


18  7  3. 
UNITED  STATES  NOHTIIEUN  IJOUNHARY. 

Dcdinations  ndopted  in  rvducing  ohHervatiom  for  Latitude. 


D.  A.  C. 

Ku. 

Uocliunttou. 

I'rniwr 

lltOtlDU. 

11.  A.  V. 

No. 

Dvclinntlon. 

rrnjitr 

IllOtlllll. 

O          '            " 

II 

J 

, 

, 

4I-0I 

M    St    40.84 

-  .131 

7003 

00 

00 

1.1.33 

-   .015 

Jr'JT 

47  Ml  :n.;)3 

-  .037 

7037 

8.3 

10 

43.  37 

-  .(HI75 

4p!I7 

;«    so    07.!KI 

-f  .  133 

7080 

73 

31 

33.  19 

-    .  1073 

4'.l|l< 

.'lU  4.1  ;tii.  vo 

-1-  .  11:8 

77;.3 

58 

47 

18.30 

-  .031 

4!i;n 

.VI    0-i    fi.-..0.-i 

-  .3:13 

7703 

39 

03 

07.  44 

-  .030 

4'.i;4 

48    Ort    &>.  4'.l 

+  .o:>3 

7787 

."•3 

01 

1:1.  :io 

-  .010 

Mil] 

3tl    41    Sll.7:i 

-  .0111 

7MI0 

43 

.M 

61.39 

-   .OM 

r.0117 

an    S!4    4i4:l 

+  .0:13 

78J0 

48 

411 

58.  01 

-  .0335 

.VJ71 

43    4H    87.  C.:! 

t-  ..'rll 

7883 

49 

49.  3:1 

.IHll 

■Mia 

53    00    a.1.40 

+  .103 

7003 

41 

10 

53.  30 

-  .001 

Ml.-. 

M    111    10.11 

+  .073 

8034 

M 

S3 

S3.  ;•!■• 

-  .030 

r>4r>u 

40    00    4-,  ii 

-  .0:1:1 

80.10 

49 

31 

43.  :i3 

+  .  149 

MW 

5.1  ai  :)o.  ,-j 

-  .013 

fO.MI 

4h 

30 

1.3.  33 

i    .11B3 

WlSl 

43    Oil    4.V(;0 

f  .010 

8081 

,Mi 

s.-^ 

03.  10 

1    .309 

W4.-. 

00  03  3;i.eo 

+  .03(1 

8)38 

41 

'i'i 

59.  17 

■1    .011 

5U-J4 

S-t    X>    !l-'.7:l 

+  .031 

8300 

30 

37 

88.  1:1 

-  .010 

W14I 

43    87    ,'i-.IJI 

-  .039 

8373 

07 

00 

01.43 

-.  .000 

Stl.'ifl 

5.'i    :1H    07.  .V.I 

-  .0:11 

8311 

7:1 

43 

1:1.  3:1 

-.  .0033 

Sfii>:i 

:tl     54    4«.rtl 

-  .o;o 

KI31 

31 

30 

07.77 

-   .043 

06-il 

05    53    10.  I'J 

+  .031 

8341 

fO 

30 

55.  40 

-  .030 

5."5il 

49    43    43.35 

f  .O.Vl 

83«« 

00 

30 

84.  40 

-  .003 

Mill 

4rl    S3    0.'.  ^0 

-  .038 

40 

00 

40 

3^  33 

-  .ISO 

«147 

73     13    37.3:1 

-  .379 

07 

37 

13 

5:i. ;.  1 

-  ,0.33 

«l7;t 

ati    04    IK  l!l 

-  .010 

130 

33 

.'3 

49.  4- 

I    .I8JI 

nii4 

70    5'<    40. 41 

^    .3.35 

173 

03 

37 

01.  .37 

-    .018 

rii.'i7 

SO    47    40.51 

-  .030 

198 

47 

33 

30.  1 1 

.  0(KI 

n-jiiH 

30    1:0    Sl..'« 

+  .003 

319 

60 

10 

39.  (1 1 

-    .040 

li-.V.) 

5i    43    3.1.0:) 

+  .0.33 

S:i9 

00 

35 

37.  33 

,    .110 

and 

59    87    5:1.03 

+  .033 

S.VJ 

:t7 

4" 

;t.3.  rl 

1    .011:5 

(WUJ 

3d     lU    01.33 

+  .038 

13-Yr.    73 

07 

00 

04.  70 

-  .015 

Mil 

49    17    30.01 

+  .001 

343 

:io 

41 

51.03 

-  .010 

n4T(i 

*■*    43    04.011 

-  .143 

401 

38 

04 

30.  00 

-  .0-0 

c:i5;i 

33    18     10.48 

+   .018 

4.18 

09 

:u'. 

30.  3^ 

-  .047 

O.VC 

05    45    57.70 

+  .007 

474 

48 

01 

a;i.47 

-  .031 

C(134 

40    07    38.74 

+  .003 

4f7 

47 

.39 

01.  80 

-  .  135 

(i«!-l 

57    411    H.  78 

-  .0174 

533 

50 

0-3 

.'13.  .35 

-  .038 

C7i8 

43    35    3t.0:l 

-  .044 

510 

50 

0:1 

49.  03 

-  .031 

(■.74? 

54     40    ;ri.  fl 

+  .131 

Ml 

0:1 

40 

31.03 

•    .0:135 

f.7;0 

.'.7    43    51.54 

-  .050 

030 

34 

3:1 

07.  .39 

-   .1:48 

C!<n 

40    10    311.15 

-.037 

741 

00 

4:1 

40.  33 

-  .0035 

imi 

36    as    01.47 

f  .031 

753 

31 

13 

47.  38 

-  .038 

If.W 

01    41    3'l.-.4 

+   .040 

833 

19 

38 

0-.  0:1 

-  .0.34 

-(IJ4 

01     51     llMl 

+  .010 

890 

78 

51 

40.44 

-  .013 

7o;:i 

30    01    51.70 

-  .019 

079 

77 

15 

51.  10 

-  .000 

71(10 

4i    4'.    30.33 

-  .07.1 

0119 

•JO 

34 

19.  f-3 

-  .0-1 

7  Kid 

53    3)    87.80 

-  .01.73 

10.11 

S3 

U 

13.  -M' 

-  .  103 

7-jir> 

5-    07    88.43 

-  .343 

11107 

7. J 

.'.4 

4  :.  70 

-  .0:19 

7','77 

4  1    41    44  73 

-  .030 

1101 

31 

15 

1:1.  73 

-    .0111 

7.IM 

3'    01    33  77 

-  .013 

1137 

00 

48 

00.  50 

-  .094 

7Vl-.  illiS 

5J    4'.    O'.SJ 

-  .030 

l-.OJ 

03 

41 

48.  ;7 

,    .013 

7;i77 

5:1    ar    53.33 

_  .017 

1338 

33 

S3 

8.3.  91 

-  .Oil 

7H<.W 

3-1    51     4?.  05 

-  .033 

1334 

.30 

on 

14.3.' 

-   .010 

74111 

03    03    5J.53 

+  .031 

liST 

4< 

03 

03.41 

-  .o:i8 

74.-i:) 

3:i    07    10.53 

-  .019 

74rO 

43    38    63.80 

+  .  100 

74''9 

43    Oil    30.08 

-  .001 

7005 

37    ,37    55.78 

+  .083 

I'lu 


1874. 

UNITKI)  STATES  NORTIIEKX  nOlINDAUY. 

DeclinationH  adiqtted  in  redimng  obmirKntioiis/hr  LntHwle, 


1  I'i^i  ii 


H.  A.  ('. 

No. 

llffUiiullon. 

IIHlllllil. 

11.  A.  (,'. 
Nil. 

IlcoUtilltiull. 

I'.i.jir" 
mill  1(111. 

1 

a       1 

H 

„ 

0      1 

11 

n 

Slid 

III     (III 

1(1.  :i(i 

„ 

.021 

75115 

no  33 

23,  18 

_ 

.030 

Mljt 

;i7  i« 

4,1.  Hrt 

.  007 

7(105 

(III    0(1 

29. 13 

— 

.  015 

.VJ7I 

a  iH 

17.  ;ii 

.  .•.i^o 

7(127 

35    19 

59. 15 

— 

.  0075 

r>:ii:i 

5.'>    Uli 

2.1  IW 

.  103 

700 

73    34 

411.  38 

— 

.  11175 

:>lt.^ 

irt    in 

(10,  05 

.  11015 

77,55 

,58    47 

X<.  04 

.031 

iW« 

40    (III 

:iii,  HI 

,0113 

77(15 

311    05 

2.5.  11 

— 

.  ;••!« 

WM-i 

.'■5    liO 

31.40 

.013 

77-7 

,52    01 

31.23 

— 

.01(1 

K<■:^ 

4a    Oil 

37.  5M 

, 

,010 

7100 

r,    ,,4 

09.  -,/ 

— 

.010 

5.14.1 

m  0-j 

2(1.  IH 

.  11252 

71.0 

41    M 

10  77 

— 

.  0225 

ritiiii 

'j'<  ;i.-i 

21.  llll 

.  031 

7r.f,' 

49    25 

(11.  14 

1 

.004 

riai.t 

■\i    27 

51.  ill 

_ 

.  02fi9 

71«)7 

71    42 

.59. 10 

, 

.003 

MsTN 

,15   :n 

01.00 

— 

.0.101 

71145 

22    51 

11.01 

.  024 

Miai 

.11    51 

41  .53 

^ 

.0121 

7iii;2 

41     17 

11.90 

— 

.0018 

MSI 

11.')        ."!'.• 

11.44 

t- 

.0131 

1021 

'«    35 

43.  43 

.  00.55 

u»:a 

40    4!l 

3-  211 

t- 

.  o.'il! 

MI.IO 

49    22 

93.14 

1 

.  149 

.Mil  1 

4-*    tfi 

(HI.  10 

.1110 

10.511 

48    30 

35.  01 

1- 

.1115 

tion 

7a  1-j 

35,  ■^J 

— 

.  2001 

11113 

,5(1    28 

81.95 

(- 

.  2015 

WITH 

•Ji    04 

17,  01 

1 

.  IHI'III 

1121 

41    33 

11.83 

( 

.011 

(Mil 

70    .'1.1 

40.  21 

t- 

.  235 

«<2llli 

30    37 

47.07 

_ 

.016 

CliT 

iJO    47 

4U.  10 

- 

.OiO 

1273 

(17    00 

34.  49 

- 

.0003 

r.-jon 

7!l    5S 

5:1.  27 

^■ 

.0«7 

KI14 

73    43 

33.36 

_ 

.noss 

(•■i  1.-. 

17    45 

51.  HO 

.034 

Kl-jl 

24    20 

37.77 

— 

.043 

t\:f,A 

:\a  <.'0 

2:1.  13 

■1- 

(102 

8311 

(10    31 

1.5.  47 

— 

.  03(1 

6-i-'.\ 

51    41 

41.7(1 

1 

.  0.i2 

8:1(1(1 

(ill    30 

44.  45 

— 

.11113 

Wirt 

r.'.i  117 

.-■11.21 

f 

.iii«a 

40 

(ill    49 

.58.  34 

— 

.030 

I'lIILI 

;i-<    15 

01.23 

1- 

.  (1012 

(17 

37     10 

13.  51 

_ 

.0.53 

oi;i 

4!l    17 

3,5,  00 

t- 

.  II0('>!)5 

120 

32   ,5;i 

09.44 

1- 

.021 

Cl-li 

48  a 

0!-.  .54 

.  1349 

175 

03    27 

31.  311 

.038 

i,-<:i.\ 

111    u 

l(i.  01 

t 

.  11222 

198 

47    35 

39. 93 

_ 

.001 

«."8U 

35    40 

03.  8J 

1 

.017 

■1"  1 

50     10 

43.73 

- 

.040 

mil 

40    07 

4.5. 9!) 

1- 

.  00262 

339 

00    25 

.57.05 

X 

.146 

liDrtI 

l>7    411 

25.  37 

.0171 

259 

37    48 

.5.5.  44 

.0105 

ii;g8 

41  a,^ 

30.21 

-\- 

.11035 

i      7.Yr.    73 

07    00 

23.  98 

.015 

o;4ci 

.M    10 

44.  11 

+ 

.  1400 

i                 345 

30    45 

14.  21 

— 

.016 

IrtKI 

r.7  4.1 

00,  0  j 

.  K-a 

I                  401 

28    04 

44.  93 

— 

.089 

RSI  7 

40    10 

I-'.  01 

"■ 

.0.17 

433 

(19    36 

5.5.  03 

_ 

.0(7 

fi.j;«) 

47    30 

2(!.:'M 



.  112 

1                 474 

48    04 

42. 03 

— 

.021 

(ifliS 

51)    31 

52.;  J 

-1- 

.,ill 

!                 417 

47    ,51) 

20  25 

— 

.12.5 

hil.17 

:18    28 

11.95 

)■ 

.0.118 

,522 

50    (13 

10.87 

-- 

.006 

6!I70 

III     41 

53.31 

r 

.o.r 

,560 

,50    10 

110.99 

- 

.051 

7021 

III     51 

S7.  45 

1- 

.0111 

nil 

(13    46 

48.69 

+ 

.0035 

7f,7,l 

:iii    (11 

0(1.  51 

.010 

:                   0,5(1 

34  a:i 

34.82 

_ 

.041 

7III0 

4  J    4-. 

4rt.  5 1 

)- 

.073 

1                 744 

CO    49 

03.81 

_ 

.0035 

71(11, 

5-1  ;i3 

40.31 

.ilii73 

752 

31     14 

03.  (i7 

-_ 

.038 

7-,'l.'. 

37    07 

41.  2-. 

_ 

.215 

825 

19    28 

23.  (Kl 

— 

.054 

7'.i77 

41    4'l 

51.  41 

— 

.02(1 

818 

78    53 

01.24 

_ 

.015 

-.TJO 

;h   01 

37.01 

-j- 

.  0028 

1                 979 

77    111 

01.87 

_ 

.006 

i   7.Yr.  s;i!i.i 

51)    45 

17.41 

— 

.  03(1 

0119 

20    31 

:a47 

_ 

.081 

7.17V 

53   a* 

07.91 

_ 

.017 

1                1031 

35    12 

2.5.01 

— 

.103 

MIS 

31    52 

01.  911 

- 

.023 

;                1(07 

72    51 

.59, 40 

- 

.039 

74111 

m  o;i 

07.  no 

+ 

.031 

1                1101 

31     13 

20.  OT 

_ 

.040 

71  ."i3 

311    07 

25. 51 

.025 

1                1127 

(10    48 

12.  39 

— 

.094 

7160 

45    ,59 

111.  40 

1- 

.  102 

1203 

03    41 

.59. 113 

1- 

.019 

71'9 

5J    0,1 

52.  37 

.0103 

1229 

35    25 

■M\.  04 

.011 

7.-in5 

;t7   5,1 

11.70 

-\- 

.085 

;                1254 

50    (10 

21.53 

— 

.040 

75litl 

37    4J 

27.  40 

+ 

.002 

1                1287 

1 

48    05 

12.  OU 

— 

.038 

1% 


18  7  1. 
UKlTEl)  STATICS  NOUTIIEUN  iJOUXDAUV. 


I'reliminary  voinputatioiiH  rvlaiimj  to  (>bHvri'ationH  made  at  Fort  liufitytl.  Dak.,  to  determine 
the  value  of  one  rvcolution  of  mhromctvr  of  Zenith  Tilvufoiw  WUnlcmunn  No.  iiO. 

IMuoUua  uf  0.  A,  C.  940  rroiii  monn  iiluco  liiM  tu  aii|uirvnt  plow  Jimo  H.9,  1874. 

FOKMIIL.TJ. 
lull  i  is'  1  .-I    ■-   tiui  i  (ill'  —  ilil  vm  I  (i|'  I  >,) 

'  •'      "    •  liiiiu  J  (*' -  *)  Hin  J  («,'  I  1,1 

Mill  t  II  ^    iilu  i  {4i'  -  ^)  aiii  i  (I,'  t  1,1 

p   •  sin  0  <taii  t  I-  tiiii  A  0  uiiH  A) 

(.|'-.l|:^_?iJl"i'*    , 


im.j(j-j)-t,,ii4tf'"»»;';;   -^ 

C08  J  (.1     —   .1) 


*     :  41'  ,W.7g 

*■  i  n-i'  (iT'.rii 


log  tnll  i  (+'  -  i(.)  =^  7.4(lffil0fl 

lii|t  cua  {  (•,'  I  (,)  ^  UM-ai'J 

liig  tun   i  («•  I-  Jl  ;  7.4'-'!i4ia 

i  (J'   I  z)  1^  II'  M''.4-J 


liiK  i  (r,'  -  t|)  H.O  17 IJIi  /I 

liiir  tail  i  w  -  ^lii  I  i.mfMin 

IokaIii  i  (C|'  +  <|)  )  =  7.II()IUI!K)  ll.liUIHI'.HI 

l"K  iW  -  t'  ~0  117114:111  n 
i(/-J)-    -«".34 


liigalui  l<^'  -  *)  =  7.4II(MH 
lug  all!  i  («,'   I    (|)  =  U.IHHIIKH) 

log  Hill  J  ft  =  7.(i(iii:if« 


t   -  IK  II.V'.IJS 
»  -  IC  8a".70 


a  +«  +  » 


1 1  ft  =  7.(i(iii:ifi 
jo  =4' w>'.: 


loi!  I,>n  J  ft  =  7.0(UMCH 
Ingnof  *  (/('  I  A)  =  '.i.',l!«)H(W 
Ifg  Me  i{A'  -  A)  ^  O.IIOWH 

tan  ft  ((I'  -((1  =  7.ii."fl(i 
i  (J'  -  lii  =     ;!■  ri.'.".<i;i 
J'  - ,)  =  +  -'  .',i"..i 

/i'  a  (K'.ri 

J'  -  i)  i;  -)   7'  so  '.1 

i)  =  Hi"  \i'  .ii»".'j 

<!'  «  BSt-  ai"  4'.>".0 
Formula)  fur  apparoBt  A.  R.  niid  >: 


A'nr.  ,Vo. 
IniiJc  J'J.lus 

Inu'  tun  10  =  7.n«fi»l'8 
llii;  (UK  a  =  ILIMIMIS 

7,(l5l-4!lli  .(KM 

3J.I01I 

liigiN.iini  -  i.r.i»ifia7 

log  Hill  0  =  7.:ili77M 

loj;)  =  f  >'74:il7 

ill;!  Hill  .4  :-  |i.-JlllH',)4 

a.  c.  log  (I  -  p  ro»  A)  ■■ :  O.IOTl-jO 

log  tan  (.1'  -  A)  -f  r.iii:iiii 
(.1'  ~  A)  a  0=54' 1(4" 


a  -     <»  44"  ;W.4I 

=      ll"(l»"(l«" 

«  =  +          U'  ^4" 

tf  =  +               07" 

A-      ll»  17'  37" 

A' 

-j=    (IIP  ri4' «" 

Syf  -       l-J'^   13'  01" 
t        \  W  O.V',1 

-  8  -.  _  0!l".H 


II  =    iii=  w  .w.;i 

=     Ofll'  41)'»«l*.75 

I  (i'  =  +  ll'.79 

o'  r       Ofl»  4!l"  litivW 


SIruu  lfi-4.0  : 


lii"  31'  ;18".(1 


o'  -  J  c  /  +  T  (1  +  i;  ain  (O  ^  oi  lli"  ^  •(  A  hIii  (//  +  a)  "*'•'.  '  (In  time) 
Ij  1.1 

if— i— r\k'-^Q  cua  (0-1   a)  -\  h  coa  (//  -\-  a)  alu  6   i  i  cua  i!  (In  arr) 


Juno  14.5:  «e8=  SO'  :ilj" 


A.  11.  -  13''  14'  4(1" 
^  00''  48'"  SU'.'J 


Zen.  dlst.  and  chron.  timoof  olongnllun  eorniniloil  liy  forniiilio  a^  followH: 

tj  —  cot  I  tun  y\>        Oa  =  t'oHco  d  nin  </t        Tj  =  (tiiiio  oloiig.)  :-;  ,\.  U.  —  (rliron.  corr'n)  —  /, 

Mlcroni.  values  rninpuioil  bj  fortnulin  nn  followH: 

r'  =  aoconda  uf  am  iu  dirrctiuii  of  vertical  from  elungntlon,  (  —  dill'  ol'cloug.  and  tiiin'  ofoliHrrvatiun. 

»"  =  ™" -"'"',  forwbiih  may  bo  written  »"  =  15  coa,  i!  [(  -  J  (1,-iBln  r'»'('],in  wliicli  (  In  in  Bi'oouila  of  tin 
I  (15  sin  1") '('  =  "corr'n  to  motion  in  vortical".    Corr'n  for  lovol,  ±  [i  (n  —  »)  —  i  ('lo  —  *«))  i-/,.(i3 


107 


SUMMARY   OF   ASTRONOMICAL   STATIONS   0I5SERVED   IIY  THE   BRITISH   ASTRONOMICAL 

PARTIES. 


No. 


1  A 
1 
2 

:i 

4 

rt 

(i 

'.» 

10 

I'i 

14 

l(i 

H 
•ilt 

.1 

■:ii 
:iH 
?0 

a-i 
:t4 
36 

:w 


I'ositiun, 


Obfi'rvi  r 


Lutitiiilc. 


« 

f. 

i        ' 

CS 

J»    ' 

b 

5  5;    1 

(M 

w.:^ 

= 

6 

o 

^ 

;z; 

Northwest  ihikU' 
Liiko  of  tlioWii: 

I'iiie  River 

WcHf  KosiMU  . . . 

Rcil  I!iv(  r 

Poiiite  XIlilu'l... 
IVinliiiia  Moiiiita 
.Slit'|iy  Ilollinv. . 
Tnrtli'  >l(iniitai') 
SotiriH  Kivc.T  Isl  . 
Simris  Rivi'r  'iil  . 

Short  (iiM'k 

C'otcau 


Is... 


Ills., 
i'a.^t 


Ainh'rsmi 

.    (iahvty 

.    I'Valht  istiiiihau;;h 

.    (lalncy 

. ;  l-"rathi,'isliiljhaiij;h 

.    (iahviy 

I'lathcrstoiihaugh 
liahviv 


Port'iipiiii'  liiv.  r  . .. 
t.ittic  Rocky  Ciiih, 
Ci.;*'iiiwoo(l  Coiilt^  . 

Wrst'i^ik  !!!!!!!! 

Milk  UiviT 

West  Ihitte 

Milk  River 

Cliiet'  Mtiniitaiii 

Uelly  River 


reitherstonhaiigh  . 

lialwev 

do 

I'eatlierstotihaugli  . 

(lahvey 

I'eathi  rstonhaiigh  . 

(iahv.  y 

l'eallierstonhaiij;h 

(jalwey      

reathersloiiliaiii;h 

(iahvey 

l-'eatlii'istonliaiigh 

(i.ihvey 

reaI''iTsloiihan^h  , 

(iahvey 

peatherstoiihaui'h 


4[>  '■•■>  10. 

A-'  .V.I  17. 

-•'.)  (Ill  v:-. 

■I-'  .7,1  ,-.). 

U)  no  00. 

4-J  r>'J  07. 

■I'.l  00  o;!. 

4'.l  00  14. 

4-^  ,-.;»  .-i7, 

411  on  17. 


;  4i»  00  -i^. 

4'.l  00  04. 

4'J  00  04. 

•11  :>'j  .')'.». 

4^  :<\)  111. 

ty  01  00. 

■\S  4S  44. 

48  iV.i  r,.-.. 

4S  ,VJ  4-J. 

4'.l  00  It.'. 

4^  r.'.i  .-» 

4;l  10  01. 

41)  04  o;i, 


!;J7 

4.-.1 

;iy 

;i9i) 

1).-. 

•.>74 
•^> 

IKi 
v.*i 

701 

•M■^ 

41 

4(io 

(i'.rt 
dl,-> 

r.oi 
l-j:! 
i>:i7 

IHo 
■J74 
OIW 
(l('i7 
oil) 
48 


c  V 


4:t 
4i 

;!5 
ai 

20 
41 

:!S 

40 

an 

41) 
47 
•iS 
■M 
■X, 
37 

aa 
a.-) 

30 
40 
40 
34 
41 
28 


,iO 

ua 

CO 
78 
77 
'4 

113  ■ 
1»2  ' 

Hi ; 

1)2  : 
1)7 
1)1)  ! 

70  ' 

;8  : 

(i'j! 

^'7  ! 

(JO 

fo 

05 

85 

08 

83 

70 


If 


.131 

.  0.-i'< 

.  1011 

.101 

.003 

.14 

.  104 

.0-1) 

.  103 

.07 

.11 

.107 

.07 

.  0113 

.  0117 

.Orl 

.070 

.  0.-)H 

.  004 
.007 
.  O.Vi 
.007 
.0.-il 
.  01»2 


Abstracl  of  Apjicnili.v  C  to  report  of  Ciq>f.  IV.  J.  T'ciniiin,  Chief  Antronomer, 

Ar,VITILii„'S  OI"  .iSlI!ONOMIU.\l    C.VMI'.S  ie. 


Lor  jjifiide 

.\Iiove 

Aliovo 
sin. 

1 

(.'amps,  &o. 

Latitude. 

west  of 

Station 

Loi'ation  of  camp. 

(ireeiiwieh. 

No.  1. 

C       ' 

Ftvt. 

/••.(•/. 

1 

Station  N).  1  

411  00  00 

117   13  .-.l..-) 

788. 0 

lioiindarylini',  wist    hank  of  Rid 
River. 

Station  No.  .'  east 

49  00  00 

O.'i  17 

24(1.  a 

1031.2 

On  houiidarv-line.  at  Lake  of  llie 
Woods.      '                                          1 

41)  00  00 

108.  (! 

1)50.  (i 

Rid  Rivi  r. 

Station  No.  4  east 

41)  (.0  00 

nil    17 

20(1.  (i 

1)94.  ti 

On  li;  iiiidar\-liiie,  20.5  miles  cast  ; 
of  Rid  River.                                      , 

Station  iiorthwe.st  angh 

49  J'.>  20 

11.)  on 

25-.. -, 

UHr.  ,1 

Transit  post  near  landing'.  North-  ; 
west  .Vii^le,  Lake  111  'lie  \\'oiiils. 

Lake  of  the  Woods 

49  00  00 

213.  I 

1031.  1 

Water   iirliiei  — nieati  id. ■station  No.  ! 

2  and  Noitliwest  .Viisle. 

iy-< 


KEPOUT  OF  THE  CDIEF  ASTHOAOMEK 


lOU 


Camps. 


Absiract  of  Appendix  (\  »Cc.— Continued. 

ATTITUDES  OF  ASTHOXOSIICAL  CAMPS,  &t. 


Rill  Kivir 

roll  I'liiibina  . . 

.Stalioii  No.  "J  ... 
Station  No.  li  ... 

Statiou  No.  4  ... 


.station  No.  i)  .... 
Station  No.  l! .. .. 


49  00  00.  00 


4'.l  00  Ot).  00 

4'J  00  00.  00 

4-j  r.'j  r>i. .-..'. 

4'J  OO  Oo.  00 

A-i  o;t  :>x  7i; 


97  i:j  ni.  ; 


station  No.  7  .. ..  49  01  4''.7ii 
Stiitioi.  No.  8  ..     I     49  01  01. Ol! 

Wooii  Enil.  No.  1., 

Wooil  Kiid,  No.-J.l 

Station  No.  "•  ....I  If  i'ld  lO.'JO 
Station  No.  10... I  49  00  44. 7^ 
Station  No.  11  ...|  49  01  09.11 
Statiou  No.  !■.>...;     4H  ri9  Uf. 90 


97  40  U.-..  4 

9s  00  ;!;■..  4 

9t!  HI  0(i.  f 

9-<  54  .W.  9 

100  :il  1.-.7 

101  a8  0.-..  4 
lOa  i>(i  -i-^.-i 


y^ 


10;t  11  14.7 

ml  Ki  ;'.7. 9 

10.">  I'.'  -Jli.  0 

lOti   l-J  :i9.  5 


:(7 


i5  I 


I.ticaCiuii  uf  LMUiji. 


■\- 


io;;o.  1 

IK'.l.  0 

i.-.-i.y 


74-'.  0  !  Kid  Ifivi'r  at  remliina. 
790.0  i  Ilaronii  ti  T  at    roll   IVtu-  ! 

I      bina. 
^•■4:l.  7  ]  Ni'ai  rcnibina  liiver. 

Kast    slope    of    Pi^uibina 

Mountains. 
Viist   .slopii    of    I'einbina 

Mountains. 
Lonj;  Kivi'f. 

;J09;!.  0  '  \Vi>l      slopo     of     Turtlo 

I       Mountain. 

'  M'AXai  :  On  Suntli  .Vntli-r  Creek. 

19K'..  4  ■  Pool  (11   piaiiii-. 

I>l7.li     On  Mouse  Kiver. 

171.-..;!  Do. 

19-11.7  bo. 

'Jll.-i..-      In  Cotian  of  tile  Mis.sonii. 

17.(1    ■.'.'■:i'.'.  I'l     ('ani|i  ;it  Itiillv  Sprini;. 

.  ...      li;!l.ii     •J'^r,l..«  I  Neai- I'oplui- liiver. 


Camps,  &e 

■5 
3 

c 
>  ^ 

11 
J 

110  ;i9  4-'.0 

107  •.':i  .-.;i.  8 
V-  i:i  lo..-. 
ino  Jl  11..") 

110  10  •,'(1.7 

111  11   10.  J 

■      • 

i 

> 

s 

"i'J-j.W 

L>(i7.  f- 

100. 0 

14H.7 
1049.  0 

KM!;!.  4 

iiw;.:! 
Kiri  I.  ;i 

K'-JO.  0 
^•J7.  -i 

Kill.;! 
l.-.:!9. 4 

7. 

•,'ii7!.0 
•J-(l(l.  0 
•J94I.S 
'J77n.  n 
y-'J-,'.  7 
;i7-j;!.  -J 

:i7;!7. 4 
:!7iio.  ;i 

4-.'94.0 

;!.-ioi.-^ 
4:11.-1.  :i 

4-.JIX4 

l.oiation  of  e:inip. 

Toi't    lieiiton 

I'iaiion  No.  i;i  .... 

Station  No.  14 

Station  No.  I.'i 

Station  No.  Hi 

Station  No.  17 

Ibitisb  depot 

United  States  eatn|i 
Dritish  niouud 

Do 

47    \<  .-lO.OO 

4-  r.-^  09. 10 

49  00  O'.'.  9.-. 
49  (10  01.  Nl 

4-  .-i9  r,:>.  ;i9 

4r;  .'9  0(1.  ;iO 

49  (ii  0<.  40 
49  00  OO.  CO 

49  no  00.00 
49  01  01.4-J 

4'-  .-.9  ri9.;ti 

49  00  04.  00 

On  Missouri  IJivei. 

h'ifjlit  l-anUof  I'nncbnian'sCieek. 

I'ocil  on  praiiie. 

I'.-t  FoiUni  Mill;  liiver. 

Milk  Uiver  lakes. 

Near    Kast     lintle.     SwcetgrabH 

Mills. 
Near  S-  eet^rass  Hills. 

"iiO'iKVrii.'r 
iw  ,-,.-  -,<.■> 

Itiilisli  West  Ilntte  astrononiieal 

S'.'    ii'll. 

Station  No.  If 

Station  No.  19 

Statiim  No. -Jo 

!;•.,  1,"  .erdnaneliof  Milkb'ivef). 
Noi;b  I'oik  of  Milk  h'ii-ir. 
West   sliore   of   Cbief  Mountain 
l-.ke. 

i't   ( 


CONNECTION  OF  ASTRONOMICAL  STATIONS. 

DKTAILS  OF  UNITED  STATES  TANGKNT  LINES. 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  1. 

Winter  1873-'74, 

From  Joint  Astronomical  Istation  at  Hid  Hirer  to  liritixh  Astronomical  Station,  Lieuten- 
ant (Jalicey,  iit  Went  lioscau. 

[ObsiTver,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Gu't'iic— Tiaimit  >VurtU'nKiim  H-iii.  No.  71.) 
AZIMUTHS. 


Date.        '  ToBitiuu  uf  instrument. 

roHitiou  of  mark. 

No.  of 
rvaiUugs. 

Star. 

1 
Azlmntlis. 

0       /       /* 
270  01  0!).  0 
0(1.4 
0-J.O 

oas 
s;o  01  06.  a 

Kovenibtrii 

(IuitinlpoiutC1.3feet 
)     nurth  uf  41)3. 

5,ae0  fcvt  wt'flt  of  in- 
Btrnnient. 

1    1 

i  rr8H'Miliori»...W.E.. 

;')!  Ci'pUfi  ..  .Ufiir  K.  E.. 

PoIariH  .  ..lU'orlJ. C. 

roloris  ...ucnrU.C. 

■Ji 

The  Inncetit  prnlongod  to  the  wont  piiRHed  tliroufih  n  point  1.7  foot  noiith  of  tho  ninik. 
The nioundH on  this  tan^rtnt  were  built  lioforo  nzimutli  obscrvatinnH  wrro  taktm  at  tho  ea8t**rn  cxti-onifty. 
Thow*  obHorTalinnH  n^vi'  the  error  of  the  tan>!oiit  in  azimuth  I'  ;W",  the  lino  running  south  of  eaat.    This 
error  wrb  correcteil  in  phti'in^  the  iron  pillars. 

STATION  KUKOK. 

Computed  ottHCtiluo  to  lOH.Oll  foot    .   ;120.3 

Inilidl  pniut  was  north  of  4!H (il.:i 

To  koep  in  cutting,  otl'sot  wa-*  mado  to  south ;).'>. 

20.3 


Tho  meaHurcd  otVset 

Station  error,  West  Kosoau  Astronnniioal  Statinii,  south. 
TANGENT  LINK  AND  MOUNDS. 


-^^n 


1 

3 

i 

•C3 

c 

a 

«B 

(4 

Distniicon. 

s 

a 
c 

■*•  a 

g 

§ 

.a 

Final  oOiiet. 

UeniarkH. 

ill 

Pwf, 

-' 

M 

H 

+ 



If.  Ch.  J... 

■f 

1     (N)    UO 

^,aso 

0.8 

n.s 

01.  a 

!>(!.  7  Knillll. 

Irim  iiillur,  ytcul  a«5  fmt. 

•i    (III    00 

^..-iOO 

:i.  1 

IS.  4 

CI.  a 

70.  C  Kdllth. 

1)0. 

a  00  CO 

l.'i  f<0 

0.0 

11-7 

CI.  a 

7a.  1  Biiuth. 

lio. 

4   on   00 

1!I,1-J0 

I'J.'J 

21.  0 

CI.  a 

7'I.Ofinlltli. 

Do. 

.'i  00  00 

'.10.100 

10.  1 

31. 'i 

(11.  a 

7a.  4  HcKlth. 

Do. 

ti     00     00 

3l,(if0 

'J7.  (I 

:i:.  4 

01.  a 

71.  1  Nlllllll. 

llo. 

7    110    to 

:i(i,!i(iO 

:i7.  r. 

4;i.  (i 

CI.  a 

07.  4  MMilli. 

1)0. 

8    00    00 

l'.',;i40 

40. 0 

40. 0 

CI.  a 



0'2.2(.(Ultli. 

I)(>. 

!)    00    0<l 

47,.V20 

(H.  0 

.').'».  2 

01.  a 

.'Vt.  .'i  (iixtth. 

llo. 

10    00    00 

OS!,  coo 

7(1.  ,'i 

ll'J.  4 

ci.  a 

47.2  Huillh. 

Do. 

1 1     00    00 

.')l',0.'<0 

O'i.  (1 

(li-.  0 

CI.  a 

•2.->.  0 

1','.  at. mill. 

!)<>. 

Vi    00    00 

(i:i,:i('>o 

no. 'J 

74.  P 

01.  a 

•r..  0 

O.Ommtll. 

ii.i. 

i:i    00    110 

(iH.(H(t 

K.I.  :i 

Hi.  1 

01.  a 

'i:t.  0 

ll.Oiiiirili. 

llo. 

14     (H)     00 

7;i.!i'.io 

i;i0.o 

s7.:t 

01.  a 

•a.u 

•jc.  4  iiiirili. 

Do. 

l.'i    00    00 

7!','J00 

17'J.  'J 

o:i.  ,1 

01.  a 

•j.'i.fl 

4'j.  4  iKirili. 

Do. 

Hi  (10  (10 

i'4,4H) 

IO."i.  !l 

00.  7 

(i.a 

a.'i.  0 

CO.! rtl-. 

Do. 

17     (H)     00 

1-0.7(10 

'J-'C.  .'i 

IOC.  0 

01.  a 

a,').  (I 

Hf.  2  inir';i. 

Dn. 

If    00     0(1 

n.';  OKI 

•Jl".  (1 

11 -J.:! 

01.  a 

a.->.  0 

100.4  111  .th. 

Do. 

10   00   (10 

loo.:i'.ti 

'j;(i.  :i 

UH.  .'1 

01.  a 

Xl.  0 

iai.."i  (II  rill. 

l.'i 

'.HI    00    (Ml 

uri.iioo 

.'too.  1 

121.7 

CI.  a 

a."i.  0 

l.-i.V  1  lliwlh. 

Do. 

■iO   M   .■>:) 

lOH.Oll 

;iiio,  'J 

l-St.f 

ci.a 

a.-..  0 

ICC.  1  nurth. 

Do. 

200 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  1!. 

Winter  187;i-'71. 

From  West  Roseau  Astronomical  Station  to  Pine  Bulge  Astronomical  Station. 

This  tnngent  wns  run  in  tlirofl  pftHfl.     First  purt,  from  Woat  Rrsonxi  Antrononiical  Station  to  I'oint  D'Ornic;  Becoud  part, 
from  i'oint  B'Oriuo  to  Forty-uiilo  Stiition  ;  thiril  part,  from  Forty-mile  Station  to  I'ino  Uidgo  Aftlrunoniicai  Station. 

[Observer,  Lifut.  F.  V.  (ticcDO.— TrnoBit  Wiirdemann  tf-in.  No.  71.] 

I'AltT  FIRST.-AZIMUrnS. 


Dato. 

ToBition  of  inatrnnieiit           I'o»itiou  of  limik. 

Nil.  iif 
rfiwiin^B. 

f       '0 
10 

•0 

1        10 
10 

1        10 

star.                        Azimath. 

1 

Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  25 
Nov.  27 

1                                1 
1                                1 

>■  3.9  fict  uortli  of  49° About  1  milo  nortb 

i 

0  Cephpl W.i;.. 

I'olaris r.t;.. 

.".1  Cepbii K.  !■;.. 

i3    UrsieMiuiiris  ...\V.  F.. 

]*oIai'iB bt'foro  IT.  U. . 

Potui'ia near  L.  tJ . . 

0     /         f 
4  ri2  10.  3 

51  .v.).  a 

51  38.5 
51  12.8 
riO  47. 7 
5J  32. 5 

4  51  43.(1 

CO 

The  abnvi.'  uziniutli  Ib  tliat  of  the  Target  IVinii  tlif  initial  point  of  Part  Firnt,  TaugcDt  No.  3. 

Tho  mean  of  .'lO  angloB  bntweon  the  Target  auil  Tangent  No.  2  H5    Ofl    54.5 

Mean  azimiitti  uf  inarlc 4    51    43.tl 

Ajimiith  of  the  tangent 90    00    38.1 

jTarpet. 

Initial  point. /l2XLI!?'*- 
PART  SECOND.-AZlMUTnS. 


Dato.    I  Position  of  iDstrnmont 


Deo. 
Deo. 
Dee. 
Deo. 
Dee. 
Dec. 
Deo. 


Initial  piiint  of  Part  2, 
iin  niist  estalilinllell 
li.V  A.  r,.  I!u."uell. 


Position  of  marl^. 


Kastof  iiiBtruinent  4. .501 
I'i'i't.  and  in  eiuter  of 
enttnig. 


No.  of    I 
reatiiiiga, ' 


10 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

a 


Ml 


Polan .  

1  DraeofiB 

Pidnri". 

Polnri.^ 

YlVp!"'! 

Polaris 

6  Vrmv  MinoriH 


I,.C. 

...  f.i;. 
. . .  w.  !•; 
...A'.r 

....I'.r 
...\v.  !•; 
....V.r. 
...W.  K. 


Mean 


Tins  mean  is  tbe  a/itniitb  of  the  Part  S;'Coiiii  of  Tangent  2. 
Mean  iif  117  angles  between  Tangent  No.  2  ami  Target 

A  ziniiil b  of  Taruet 

Mean  iif  1-5  auglos  between  Part  First  and  Target 

Part  First  started  south 


Azimutli. 


im  on  in.e 

HI  39.  ;i 

00  29.  H 

no  4H.  1) 

01  II.  a 

no  59. 7 
111  12.7 
II  23.7 

90  ui  00  a 


89  57  29.7 


00  03  30. 9 
89  48  44.  a  ' 


:     270  14  OH.  II 
True  nilrantli  at  09,709  feet I    270  13  .50. 0 

Error  In  running  the  Itno i  18.0  j 


Part 


First.  [ 


[Torget. 

Part  Speond. 


fl 


I 


'     \ 


Sill 


mi: 


l^ 


202  UNITED  STATES  NORTHEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

United  States  Tant/cnt  No.  2 — ContiDued. 

PART  TUIUD.-A7,IMaTUS. 


Date. 


rot«tUou  of  inetruiueut. 


Fositiou  of  mnrk. 


Nil.  of 


Star. 


Deo. 

9 

Die. 

» 

Dfc 

» 

Dfo. 

1*J 

1  ).•■■. 
Do.-. 

IJ 

TfllnillllH    lit 

Part   ;i. 

III"'  o.vi-.in 

!)«■. 

1-J 

IVujliiim. 

!)«■. 

I'J 

Due. 

la 

Die. 

1-4 

Uoo. 

I'j 

?Cei 

5  '■' 


!eiitoriif  cuttiiij;,  1  mile 

nut.  i 


10 

10 
10 
10 

9 
10 
10 
10 
10 

0 
10 
10 


{  ITrsio  Minoris IT. 

Polaris iiwar  U. 

v'  Umro  Miiioris — V. 

1  I)rtU'oiii« K. 

6  UrsiD  MluorJD  . ..  W. 

51  Oiihei K. 

li  Opliii         \V. 

0  Uma)  Minorm L. 

Polaris lii'ar  U. 

A  l>r:u*onirt L. 

X'  Urmo  Ikliuoriii li. 

Polaris U. 

Mean 


T}w  iiliovi>  lui-au  JH  tliii  aKimiitli  of  Part  Tliiril. 

Mi'ttU  111  57  aiiKli'9  bflwi'i'ii  Taiiseiil,  Part  Tliilil,  aiitl  Target  ... 


ilean  of  57  an^lr-H  between  Part  St'couil  and  Targt't . 

A/iiiiuth  of  Part  Sei^onil 

Trni?  azimuth  at  distauco  of  :w,*?'.;7  fcot 

A^inllllh  too  gnat  at  Korty-niili'  Station 

Aziuiiith  too  g'-oiit  at  Point  D'Drme 

Error  in  ruuuini;lino 


Azimutli. 


I  43  04.  I< 
43  «-J.y 
fi  51.  S 
43  51.  5 
4:1  0.1.  (i 
4:1  14.5 
4:l  00.  li 
ti  4 1.  3 
4:l  0."i.  5 

4:i  s;5. 4 
4:1  47.  u 
4:)  3.-,.  ;i 


OS  3.''.  4 
90  00  54. 7 


•J70  07  4:1.  7 
a'U  0<i  24. 


01   10.7 
1  00.0 


Target 


Part  SiToiiiI. 


o 

Forty-mile  St.ttlou, 

PINE  KIDGE.— AZIMUTHS. 


Part  Third. 


Date.       Position  of  instniuicnt. 


r>       m    $  •'  •''  feet 
Dee.    »    J      ,,„!„, 


3  5  feet  south  of  Inillal 

t. 


Position  of  mark. 


No.  if 
reailin^.H. 


Star. 


On  lancent.  west  of  in- 
stnunent. 


A  Draconis I,.f'. 

!l  Caineliiimriliilis  ...K.  K. 

,  tt  I'lsu'  ^IllJllris L.C. 

I      Polaris IM'. 

Polaris I'.C 

T  Draioliis   \V.  IC 

I  6  Ursie  Minoris W.  K . 

MlMl  


Till'  iiiesn  ii  llic  II  iimilli  of  tlic  Taoci'iil  at,  tile  Terminal  Point. 

.\/ii  iiitli  of  Tan"!  Ill  at  l-'oitv-Miile  Station 

Az  iiiutli  line  to  ilislaiice,  ht,!ii.^  left 


Aziniiilli  of  Tangent  'reniuiiai  Point. 
.\ziiiiulli  error  in  ritnnin)(  line 


Azinnitb. 


i;70  to  17.  :i 
:a.  H 
44. 5 
41.(1 

2:0  00  4!'.  4 

2i;9  r,!i  .vi.fl 
(0  -f.  5 

270  Cll  Ti.i'  ' 


21 11  41  2!).  II 

2i;:i  4:t  at.  2  ; 


4.K  I 
2:0  00  37. 0 


32.  a 


.'Vitf:. — 'this  liincent  was  tnieeil  ilnriii;!  the  winter  of  lH"2-'7:t  by  the  lOn^Ii.-b  eoniniiHsion  ami  w.-i'*  in  tliree  (laits.  Tbe 
llrnt  wiiH  from  Wi'st  llosi-iin  In  Point  D'Oriiie.  run  by  C'[i|>tiiin  T'l'iiliieisloniiiiii^li.  K  1''.  At  Point  1)  1  Iriiio  uai  a  iiiei'iiii;)ii 
eotiiiectin^  tliis  iiart  Willi  Pirt  Sceonil  I'loin  Point  D'tirnie  to  near  llie  forty  iniie Station,  ^vlli('l1  was  inn  li,\  Mr.  .\.  1..  lliihvell, 
mirveyor,  N.  A.  II.  C. 

.\t  Forl> mile  Station  was  a  ini'riili;in  eonnrctinf:  P;iiIh  Seronil  anil  Tliiril,  Itie  latter  lieiiit;  run  fioiu  Pine  Iliil;;e 
AKin  noinii  .li  Slutiim  woKlwiiril  by  I'alilMJii  KeallierNtonlliHiixii.  It.  ]•;. 

I,ii  iil<  ii.iiil  fit'  I  111'  iiniiti'  iiM'  of  tbe  I'ln^li.^li  riitlin;iM  tiiroiiiili  Hie  liniliir  (HiNerviition.-^  for  ii/iniiitli  bi  inu  liitliinlt  to 
olitoni.  OVM1IU  to  clooiiy  wi'.-ilter  iinil  rxtieno'  eolii,  oiii'  aziniiilli  ua^  lii  lei  iiiiiii  1I  at  ea<  li  |>iiinl.  wliiir  tlie  otlo'i  wom  ileler- 

lllll.rll  by  Mli'tllion  ol   iircifH. 


m:%' 

if 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER 


203 


United  States  Tangent  2fo.  2 — Coiitiniiecl. 

STAIION  EUKOlt, 

Fett. 

I'nrt  First Ii'nglli,  89,700.9 

f'fel. 

Conipiiti'd  {(IVsot I'.VXA 

Initial  Tolni  iioitli  of  43" a.U 

Ttrniiiiill  Piiiiit  noulli  of  4!P^ I-Jfl.  r> 

Moaitured  uUhuI  liutwuuD  Piirta  1  niiil  d ;IU>.  8 


I'nrt  Secoml Iiu^jtb,  :o,pa7.ii 

IniUal  Point  north  uf  JS'J IS7.  3 

Ooiuitutc'd  olfuor ;il.  J 


Tt-rniliial  Point  uortU  of  49" 


t\et. 
IM.  0 


Part  Thliil Irnulli,  |.7,9H.O 

Initial  Point,  Pino  ltiil|;c>  nortli  of  •fii" :<9.e 

(Jonjputf U  oU'aet iiia.  a 

Torniinil  Point  Hontli  of  4!!' l.VJ.  ci 

Muaijurcil  otlHUt  butwt-en  Parish  and  J 3U.6 


Torniin.ll  Point  of  Part  Si-cond,  north  of  41)°. 
Station  error  of  Wti»t  Itosi-a'),  north 


•JI9.0 

.    ta.o 


NO'I'E. — Thi.H  is  tlio  station  error  yivon  by  tlio  tangent  without 
takin>;  itn  a/iniiilh  into  roiiHiileration,  and  itt  n.sod  correctly 
in  coo)|nitin^  Ilio  internieiliate  ollViet.n  to  tlu*  parallel,  Kiui-o 
the  oltifet.s  ar'o  nieasiired  from  tho  tangent  itaolf  as  run.  It 
is,  howeror,  not  tliu  truo  station  error. 

Part  Kirftt  di'viates  to  tho  sonth  of  tho  truo  tan^'cnt  4!1".!1, 

which  in  a  Ien(;tli  of  till,  70!i.a  ft.  Olives  Ki.O  south. 

Part  Secotui  deviates  to  the  south  1'  1"J''.3,  which  in  a 
lenulh  of  ;i;!.rtn.ii  ft.(,ivos I,',.:!  south. 

I'art  Third  deviates  to  tho  buuili  a3",7,  which  in  a  length  of 
«7 '.in. lift.  (lives 10.  1  south. 

The  tanueul,  if  continnona,  wnnUI  then  Iiavo  been  Btill  farther  to  tho  north  of 
Pino  Uul;;n . 


And  the  truo  ttatlon  error  !a  West  lioscan,  north 

XANQENT  LINE  (PART  FIUST)  AND  MOUNDS. 


42. 0 
103.  U 


5.3  i 

S  a 

'■I 

0 

i 

Q 

a 

ion  error. 

11 

Final  ofTsot. 

I 

SA-S 

S5 

a 

H 

1 

a 

•J 

r/i 

H 

jr.  cii.  /.*•'. 

Kivl. 

-1- 

_ 

_ 

'M    ;i(i    .'1:) 
•ji    m   00 

(10 

a.  r-ci) 

o.a 

6.9 

3.9 

4.  li  soiiih.. 

Iron  nilli 
llo. 

•JJ     10     (III 

y.  1 10 

l.K 

3.(1 

3.9 

4.7KimHi.. 

•s\   (111   CO 

13,  4-Jll 

,'1.0 

4.4 

3.9 

3.3  south.. 

Do. 

•J  1    (10   00 

H.7(H 

9. 11 

0.1 

3.  9 

0.4  >oulh.. 

Do. 

a."i   (111   (10 

■J.l,  OSO 

l.-i.  s 

7.9 

3.  9 

4.0  north.. 

Do. 

•.:i-    (10   (II) 

•jii,  aiiu 

•;;i.  (1 

9.(i 

3.  9 

10.  1  iiolth.. 

llo. 

•j7   u.t   110 

31,  .'i40 

;ia.  7 

11.3 

3.9 

17.  .1 1101  lb.. 

Do. 

■Jn     ;  ,.     no 

311,  H-JD 

41.  .1 

13.  1 

3.  9 

V().  r>  north.. 

Do. 

ao   01)  uo 

4.-.,  too 

.'..-1.  i< 

II  H 

3.  9 

37.  I  ncrili,. 

Do. 

;iii   00   00 

■(l,3.»0 

(19.  7 

Iii.d 

3.9 

•19.  a  iiordi.. 

Do. 

:ii    CO   00 

.■).-.,  (llW 

^.v  a 

1^.3 

3.9 

(ii.n  north.. 

Do. 

■Ji   m   (0 

Id,  !N!) 

10a.  0 

ao.  0 

3.9 

7''.  1  north.. 

Do. 

:i3   00   i!0 

(ill,  -J-J!) 

lao.  3 

ai.H 

3.9 

94.0  uorlh.. 

Do. 

33  S3  73 

01),  709.  a 

133.1 

aa.0 

3.9 

IOC.  .1  north.. 

Uciuaik*=. 


n- 


!f^  f 


:i 


I 

■  if 


WH- 


204  UNITED  STATES  NOllTUEliN    UOUNDAltY  COMMISSION. 

United  IStates  Tangent  Xo.  - — Cniitinucd. 

TANGENT  LINE  (PAKT  SECOND)  AXU  MOUNDS. 


1^ 

1 

"n 

is 

1? 

O 

1 

\ 

□    . 

"si 

Finnl  ilTiiol. 

Remarka. 

g?d 

S-3 

c. 

i~^^ 

a"" 

l^ 

g 

I 

H 

it.  ChLke. 

Fcrt 

+    • 

■M    (10    CHI 

1.  eCO 

M.l 

o.n 

210.  3 

210.  s  sou  111.. 

Earth  monml,  10-  X  fi'. 

33    UO    Oil 

7,0W) 

1.0 

•J.  3 

aiu.  3 

au.Gbmith.. 

Do. 

3U    00    00 

I  a,  300 

3.  S  ' 

4.1 

210.3 

210.0  fumth.. 

Do. 

:I7    110    (10 

17,040 

7.0 

5.8 

210.3 

308.&8Ollth.. 

Do. 

3f    00    00 

ua.  iiiio 

13.  a 

7.fi 

210.3 

204.7  south. . 

Do. 

30    00    00 

'j'.'joo 

SMI.  3 

0.3 

210.3 

Uig.  3»oillll.. 

Do. 

40    00    00 

3;t,  4tO 

ai.o  1 

11.0 

210.3 

102.3  noil th.. 

Do. 

40    05    'J7 

33,  W7.  0 

31.3 

11.1 

210.  3 

100.1  BOIItll.. 

TANGENT  LINE  (PAKT  TIIIKD)  AXD  MOUNDS. 

Fret 

DlBtanco  hetwccii  Parts  2  ami  3  nt  nierlilion  of  Forty-milo  StAtlon 371.  G 

Coiuimted  oflnct  from  I'liit  Socoud  to  40° ISiO. . 

Offset  from  Part  Third  to  49" Ibl.  .5 


h. 

•J 

1 

(! 

g 

9J 

It. 
§■=  = 

11 

1 

S 

s 
c 

I'iiial  offset. 

Remarks. 

■a 

i 

A 

£ 

6 

M.  Ch.I.ti. 

«•(•(. 

+ 

+ 

40    0.'.    27 

S7.yi5 

212.2 

2f.O 

50.  (1 

181.5lioitU  . 

41     (10    CO 

M.  984 

li-0. 1 

27.2 

50.  (1 

1.511. 7  north.. 

Eortli  mound,  W  X  0'. 

42    OU    00 

77,  702 

111.1. 1 

2.5.4 

5!l.  0 

131.5  north  . 

Do. 

43    110    no 

72,  422 

IIJ.O 

2:1  (i 

50.  0 

107.0  north.. 

Do. 

44     00    00 

07, 142 

123.  7 

21.  !l 

.59. 0 

8li.  0  north.. 

Do. 

4S    00    00 

CI,  fC2 

10  J.  2 

20.1 

511. 11 

04.7  north.. 

Do. 

40    00    00 

■Iti,  5fl! 

67.8 

18.4 

5!1. « 

411.0  north.. 

Mound  of  timontck  poles  driven 

iutoswnrop. 

47     00    (10 

51,  302 

72.  3 

10.7 

.'ill.  0 

2'.i. 4  north.. 

Do. 

48    00    00 

4(),  022 

.W  1 

14.0 

■W.  li 

13.4noith.. 

Do. 

40    00    (0 

40,  742 

4.'i.  (1 

13.  2 

.50. 11 

0.8  south. 

Do. 

50    00    00 

3.'.,  402 

34.5 

11.4 

.50. 11 

13.  7  south.. 

Do. 

51     00    00 

30,  lea 

2.-,.  0 

0.7 

.50. 0 

24.0  south.. 

Do. 

52    00    00 

24, 002 

17.0 

8.0 

.50.  li 

31.0  south.. 

Do. 

.')3    00    00 

111.  1122 

10.  li 

(i.2 

.50.  (1 

42.8  south.. 

Do. 

54    00    00 

14,  312 

■'lO 

4.5 

,5!l.  11 

40.  5  south.. 

Do. 

5.-.    00    00 

»,  002 

2.3 

2.7 

50.  fi 

54.(1  soutll. . 

Earth  mound,  10'  X  fi'. 

56    00    00 

3,  7p2 

0.4 

1.0 

50.  C 

58.2Bouth.. 

Do. 

56    .^7    31 

UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  3. 

Winter  1873-';4. 
From  Pine  Ridge  to  Lale  of  the  \Voo(Ih» 

Tht«  tangent  v^^f^  trac(Nl  and  cut  tlirouch  thu  wooiln  iliirinn  tlin  winter  of  !H73-'7:i.  by  tlio  IlrittHh  Cnmmiahion,  nnd  in  in  two 
piirtH.  i*nrt  St-('on<1,  from  Pine  liiilire  i-aHtw.-nn  for  w  ilistiinco  uf  M  miles  'A  \\^Z  ti'ct.  At  tlio  latter  puint  n  meridian  con- 
ni-eteil  Pnrt8  Secoml  nni)  KirHt.  wliich  Hiaited  at  tli"  Lake  nt'  llio  AVixtdH  ARtronomical  Stalinn,  nntl  waM  inn  westward  17 
mileH  t,37:t  feet,  Tint  paritllel  beln;:  ni:ir)ied  by  niite-ixmt.s  by  the  iCn;;)lHh  pprtie?*  tVniii  Uie  Lake  ol' the  U'oodH  Sratiun, 
tlitrt  tnngent  waa  not  traeed  1>y  tho  parties  of  l^ieiitenant  Greene  wIki  obberved  fi>r  aziniutb  nt  I'ino  lvidt;e,  Lake  of  ttiu 
WiKHts,  and  the  branch  of  Eatt  Ruseau  Kivir  whero  tho  two  parts  Join. 

AZnirXIIS.-AT  I'IXE  niDGE-IN^ITIAL  rO[NT  TAUT  3. 


Date. 


Dec.  20 


Position  of  instrument. 


5  n.r>  feet  HOI 
\      Point,  T 


t  Noiitb  of  Initial 
Taut'ent  No.  3. 


Positiun  uf  mark. 


On  tiinj:ent   west  of  iu- 
Htrnueut. 


Xo.  of 
reu dings 


Star. 


I  A  Dmronis L.C. 

ii  Camibmanlnlis   E.  i;. 

a  I'rsa)  Mi^joris...  L.  C. 

iVdaiiM    V.V.. 

I      Polaris   r\  C. 

,  T  Drnconis W.  E. 

i  6  Ursaj  Minori8..W.E. 


:i5 


Mean  . 


This  mean  is  the  azimnth  of  tho  mark  placed  west  of  tho  instrument,  at  Pino  RidKo.  A 
IK>int  wrwdeterniinod  east  of  the  Initial  Point  on  llio  prolongaiion  id*  this  Hue  with 
an  a/imnth  of 

TlieillHtaiicr  between  iJils  point  and  tlioTliirty-one  Mile  stalio  from  thi'  Lalioof  tl)e  Wimds 
Station  wnj4  -1.1)  feet,  whieb,  at  tlie  distance  of -1,755  feet,  gives  an  aziniiitli  of  1'  \!ri".^. . . 

W'lneh  gives  tho  azimuth  of  the  Enfrlish  Tangent 


Azllimtk. 

0      /       /' 

a?0  CO  17.  3 

:ir..  8 

44  .I 

41. G 

270  00  48. 4 

'JBO  t!l  .'.;).  0 

CO  7«.  ."i 

(10  no  Vi 

1  OJ 

.'l 

fO  .'■ 

.1  ;)4 

.•■ 

DitTerence  between  tlie  Eag'isli  and  United  States  duterniiuation  of  A  zimutb  Tangent  nortli  of  east,  a.'i'' 
AZIMUTIIS.~AT  EAST  ROSEAC-PAKTS    riKST  AND  SE'JUXI>. 


[Observer.  Lieut,  F.  V.  Oroone.  — Transit  Wiirdojiianu  i-iii.  Xo.  71. J 


Unt 

.. 

rositioliot'illHlnirnenl. 

Star. 

Aziinuth. 

nee. 
Def. 
Die. 
Dee. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dee. 
Dee. 
Dee. 
Dec. 

an 

•J7 

•ja 
ai> 

•JO 
29 

2!) 
2!! 

Termin.nl  poiiil  of  See. 
uixl  i)iirl. 

I 

On  tMUgent,  iilxMil  1  mile 
west  of  insiruinent, 

I 
i 

5 

ii 
5 
5 
5 

!; 

tVnrls    

i  rrsje  Milioiis 
(I  t'lsii-  Majnii,; 
J  l'T»;e  Mmtiii.s 

Vohllis  . 

I'dlariH    

INilnri.H  . 

Polaris    

A  Drae,!:U  .... 
ill  Cepltei 

t.c 

W.  !■:  . 

.  r,.c. 
w.i;. 
.  1,  (• 
w.i:.. 

.I,.U.. 

w.v... 

..L.t!. 

K.i:.. 

0     #     .. 
270  14  .-io.  r. 
i:i  :■-.  0 

14  1(1.2 

i;i  w>.  i; 

11   4:1.  H 

:*  ct  r 
1.-.  :i4.o 
ir,  v,.  1 
Ki  (' ..  1 
10  2^.  7 

}. 

50 

Mean 

270  l,')  04.  0 

Hotith  (if  e,iat 

2H  4 

rftiigent  started,  uorth  of 

'.St 

•a. .'. 

Those  di.Terenees  tadng  f  mall  and  in  opposite  directions,  tbo  Evigl'sli  Tan^r      is  consiilcred  straigld  and  its  azimuth  correct. 

2or. 


:    -A 
;    ii 


■    -i 

■  i 


I 


i: 


206  UNITED  STATES  NOUTHEBN    BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 

United  States  Tantjent  No.  3, — Tangent  JAm. — Continued. 

AZIMUTUS.-AT  LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS  STATION. 
[Ob(H?rv«r,  Lioul.  F.  V.  Oroone.— Tronalt  WUrdenmnii  8-in.  No.  8'.] 


Dato. 


Doc.  31 


PoHitioit  of  iutttruinent. 


<  On   nfltiononitcal  post 
{     marking  4!P. 


Position  of  murk. 


Two  uiilos  woat  of  in- 
BtruuieDt. 


No.  of    I 
rca(iiu};a. 


10      I  51  Ci'plioi K.E. 

10      I    j  UrsioMluuria.W.  E. 


SO 


Ml'Au  . 


Difforence  iu  nzimntli  bclwpcn  llio  Uiiiticl  States  and  English  dctorniinutiona— tangent 

Bontl)  of  wcat,  Initial  Point  Part  Firat 

Initial  I'oint  Part  StMMind,  a/inintli  observiul 

Mean  of  30  anglea  botweeu  Port  Svcoud  and  meridian 


Azimuth  of  meridian 

Supplement  of  moan  of  20  angles  betwccu  inorldiau  and  Part  First . 

AzioiQth  of  Part  First,  Terminal  Point 

True  Azimuth  nt  distance  91,133  feet 


Difference  in  XJnite<1  States  nud  English  detcrminntiona— Tangent  north  of  west. 


Ai'.imntii. 


SCO  50  SO.  ."i 

0:t.s 


SCO  .'lO  14. 8 


•l.'i.S 
S*0  I.'!  04.0 
00  17  a-AO 

no  .M  41.1 
00  14  13.1 


80  43  2i<.  4 
80  43  48. 0 


-*fi 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  1. 
1873. 

From  Joint  Astronomical  Station  Xo.  1  to  Joint  Astronomical  Station  A'o. 

[Obsorver,  Liout.  F.  V.  Groeoo.— Transit  WUrdomimn  8iu.  No.  71.] 
AZIMCTHS. 


Date. 

roaitlon  of  Instrnnient. 

Position  of  mark. 

No.  of 
readiuf^K. 

star. 

Azhiiuth. 

Nov.    0 

(luittal  Point  CI.  3  fwt 
(     noi  til  of  49°. 

5,280   foot  west  of  In- 
strumt'Ut. 

1        1 

;(2 

drrfifcMinoiiH  W.E.. 

51  ('iplH'i  ...iicarK.  K.. 

I'diaria  ...near  VA'.. 

rnlaria  ..  iiearU.  C 

o     1     1' 

t»70  01  0!).  0 

0(5.4 

0-0.  0 

O-f.  A 

'J70  01  m.  3 

Taugput  was  run  ou  this  aziniutli. 


Onto. 

Position  of  Inatriimont. 

Position  of  mark. 

No.  of 
readiuf^s. 

Star. 

Azimuth. 

•luno  17 

Station  :13,  50"" 

1,320  feet  west 

33  Canu^l(i|iardaiis.  V.'.K . 
Polaris Ji.n. 

•Jlill  41  42.3 
114.  1 

34.0 

3".  7 

Azimuth  OotoniiiuiMl  from  a  seiioa  of  repetitions  from  Tan|;ont 

No.a 

Sfcan .  . 

Hi'.   41  4:i.ii 
1  0(1.3 

2<,0  40  :|-.  3 
:<■■•>  4(1  (,!  a 

3,'.  r. 

— 

Azimuth  iluo  to  distanco  1 
Error  of  tau{;ont,  uortli . . . 

O.'i.OOO  feet 

I 


STATION  EUROn. 

Fat. 

Chained  distnnee  from  Stat  Imi  34  of  Tangent  to  Joint  mound  49° 2'in.  4 

Tin  gent  started  nortli  uf  40^ til.  3 

3-JII.7 
Compntcd  offset  for  distnnee  of  10(i,977  feet 310.1 

10.  (i 
Oirlng  to  the  uneertaintv  of  the  Azimuth  of  tlii.^  tanfrent  it  was  ((jireed  to  accept  Lieutenant  GalwevV 
nzluiutll  at  correct.    Ills  taogrnt  Hiarted  2!l"  hO((tli  ol  this,  whicl(  solvhi"  tiw  R)ilierienl  tii((n|il(', 
oivos  the  distanco  lietweeu  tlio  tau|,'cuts  at  sialiou  34,  22. 3  feet.    The  actn(U  distance  is  21. 4  feet. 
Tho  moan  liuu  is  south  of  this  tangent  at  Station  34 21.8 

Giving  the  station  error  of  Astronomicnl  Station  at  Micholl,  ■  lortli  32  4 


208 


ITNITEIJ  STATUS  NOHTIIHUN    HOUNDAUY  COAiAIISSION. 


mm 


United  Ktaten  Tangent  Xo,  1 — Continiird.. 

TANl!K\r  LINE. 


u 

(p 

0 

i 

DtHtauci'H. 

1 

.2 

1 

"' 

u 

\ 

It 

U. 

Vh. 

u,. 

!•«,. 

-t- 

'"» 

'(ItV 

0«" 

""4,';"i(;6 

(10 

00 

S,  Sij(l 

0.8 

3 

n 

:ia 

H,  48:1 

'        4 

54 

10 

H,  c.'.l 

i) 

'lit 

lii 

10,  ri34 

(H) 

(10 

10,  .')(.0 

3.1 

0 

;i7 

71 

13,  04!) 

lO 

00 

I.\840 

0.0 

: 

:i4 

(111 

le.O'JO 

8 

I!) 

Iri 

8i,o(in 

01) 

00 

SI.  1J(I 

18.8 

1        » 

:iiP 

00 

83,  (.04 

10 

v.t 

;i3 

8«,:i:i5 

o« 

00 

Sti,  4(10 

10.1 

11 

M 

KH 

an,  (ifio 

IJ 

(JO 

00 

3l,li^0 

87.  .'i 

H 

70 

(i.') 

30,  !I37 

(JG 

00 

3(1,  '.KiO 

■■■37.7. 

IS 

70 

n:i 

48,810 

00 

(10 

48, 840 

49.0 

00 

ou 

47,  .WO 

08. 0 

10 

01 

8.1 

47, 0(i3 

17 

00 

00 

fia,  rflO 

70. .'. 

1« 

40 

00 

.'i.'i,  440 

1!) 

00 

CO 

.'iH,  (l(-0 

93.0 

iO 

40 

CO 

(iO,  7-JO 

■Jl 

00 

(10 

03,  3C0 

110.8 

Si! 

40 

00 

(;o,(oo 

at 

00 

00 

Of,  04(1 

129.  3 

84 

40 

00 

71,  aso 

1      2S 

00 

CO 

73,  iiao 

1:0.0 

'       811 

40 

oo 

70,  :m 

'       81 

00 

00 

7!',  800 

178.2 

!       88 

40 

00 

(■l,^'40 

JSI 

00 

(0 

e4, 4fO 

iiao 

:io 

00 

00 

FO,  7C0 

88(1. .'. 

:n 

00 

(0 

|ir.,  (14(1 

84H.  0 

38 

00 

(0 

1(10,  ICO 

aid.  3 

:i:i 

to 

00 

00 

Id.'!,  i;no 

:iO(),  1 

:n 

so 

10 

so 

lUi,877 

310. 1 

1 

to  lllOllIlll. 


-  I  + 

01.3      0.S 


C.l.  3  I     1. 0 
01.3       l.(! 


01.3 

CI. a 
('ii.'fl' 


01.3 
01.3 

01.3 

01.3 

01.3 

01.3 

01. 3 

01.3 

01.3 
01.3 
01.  3 
01.3 
(it.  3 
(il.  3 


4.8 
4.7 

5.3 

:,.* 
0.3 

6.8 
7.3 
7.9 

H.  4 

9.4 
10.0 
10.  fl 
10.  C 


SO.  0  Huulli. 

S7.8  unuth. 
58. 8  8011  III. 

47. 0  Bdllttl. 

39. 0  euulll. 
30.7  Bouth. 


80.1  Bontll. 

8.1  Miilh. 
5.4  uurdi. 

30.4  nnrtli. 

37.1  imrDi. 

S.'i.S  iiurth. 

74.  S  north. 

90.0  iinrlli. 

lie.  8  norlli. 

14.!.  0  luirlli. 
lOH.  I  iinrlli. 
I'.IC.  1  liiirlh. 
88.'>.0  ndilli. 
8.W.  3  Iicirth. 
2;>9.4  nurth. 


ItcmnrkH. 


Inllial  Toliil. 

Iron  pillor,  west  3f\'i  feet. 

Iron  plllnr,  went  38.'»  fi'Ol. 
Iron  pillar,  west  ;i8.'i  feet. 

Iron  plllnr,  went  385  fiot. 

I. on  pillar,  west  385  fe«t. 

Iron  pillor,  wost  38.5  fool. 


Iron  plllnr,  wot  38.'>  feet. 
Iniii  iiillnr,  wt>Ht  385  It'Pt. 

Iron  pillar,  west  :)85  feet. 

Iron  jiillnr,  went  385  ft«t. 

Iron  pillar,  woot  385  feet. 

Iron  pillar,  west  385  feet 

Iron  pill  ir,  west  385  feet. 

I  Iron  pillnr,  west  385  feet. 

,  Iron  pillnr,  wrsl  3H5  feet, 
I  Iron  pilll'r,  wr»t  3J.5  feet, 
;  Inin  pillnr,  wc»t  385  fi-et. 

Iron  pillar,  wi'hI  3H,'»li'ot. 

Iron  pillnr,  wept  385  feet. 

Moridinn  oiJoint  Atitrouoniioal  SLilion. 


\    .:.~i  :  ;  ;  ,5; 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  2. 

1873. 

From  Joint  Antronomical  Station  at  Michel  to  Joint  Astronomical  Station  at  Pembina 

Mountain  Kant. 

(Obnrrvcr,  Limit.  F.  V.  Gri'oin'.— Trnrmit  WUnlomnnn  B  in.  So.  71 ) 
AZIMUTIKS. 


Jillio  14 

t'osltloD  of  liiatrunieot. 

roBitlon  of  mark. 

Star. 

AziuiiiihH. 

48. 5 foet  north  of  400.... 

,1,154.7  feet  vrc«t.  J 

PolnrU 

Uriti»h<li,ti'riiiln.iliiiii.. 

Mean 

3-0  01  .V,  7 
.',.-,.  1 

1!70  01  .'i5.  4 

'i'liu  tantfi'nt  wan  run  thruiiuti  a  imiiit  3U.HH  inches  Huuth  ol'  thu  nuuk  iuhI  pruIunjiiHl  to  nuTidian 
of  Afltmnonilral  Station,  Poiiiblnn  Mountain  Kant. 

The  (litl'crenue  bi'tweeu  tbo  ItrltiHb  anil  Unittul  States  tangentHAl  thift  point  wan  iuniiprcciablo. 
Tho  azimuth  was  chocked  at  the  toriuinal  iMict  Ity  I.icutcuunt  Unhvey,  l£.  10. 

STATION  EltROn. 

Litntenant  Galwey,  R.  E.,  ([ivea  the  Station  Error,  Station  rembina  Mountain  Kust-aouth 
55.03  feet. 

OFFSETS  TO  PARALLEL. 

For  list  ofoffsets  and  position  of  moundf)  and  iron  pIllurH,  see  Lioutonaut  Oulwey'sropui'. 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  3. 

1873. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  N^o.  4  (Captain  licining),  East  to  Pembina  River 

crossing. 

tObwrver,  Limit.  F.  V.  Greene.— Tr.iiinltWilrilciiiann  8  in.  No.  87.] 
AZIMUTHS. 


Date. 

Position  of  inHtriinient. 

Position  of  raiirk. 

No.  of 
reiullnpH. 

Star.                              A?.lninth. 

July    4 

Initial  Point  49° 

(       « 
4417.8  W s          H 

8 

1             8 

3ariinieloparil«ll9...  W.K..    870  on  40.0 

H  (Vnliel K  K  .              4  20.7 

l'.>liiri» K.l:  .             1  01.  1 

r    tVplici !■:.  K                 4  Ofl.O 

ff   IJiMDMinoii.^ W.i;..             4  l.'i.  .I 

Mark  was  moved  5.3  feet  bouth,  and  tan;;ent  run  through  that  point. 
TANGENT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


3 

'Xi 

Distances 

1 

« 

1 
3 

CO 

Final  offrtet 
to  mouud. 

Remarks. 

0 

1 

2 
3 

jr.  Ch.Ut. 

Fret. 

+ 

Initial  Point,  iron  piUar  ^^-iO  fi-et  oast. 

Iron  pillar. 

Earth  mound,  li'  X  5*. 

Pembina  River. 

00    06    60 
1    40    00 
3   03    n 
3    17    54 

4,  4011 
7,  KO 
10,  OOO 

10,  ms 

1.8 
7.0 

l.Bnnrlh. 
7.0  north. 

N  B- 


-14 


':09 


i 


i  fi 


^1 


!  i; 


If 


I^\ 


N! 

J 

ii 
I 


UNITED  8TATE8  TANGENT  No.  4. 
1873. 


From  United  States  AHlronomicul  Station  No.  4  {Amiiiitant  J.etci»  Boss),  west  side  of  Pem- 
bina Mountain,  to  Long  Hirer,  United  /States  Antronomicnl  Station  No.  5  {fjieutenant 
Gregory). 

lObm^rviT,  I-iout.  V.  V.  (Jii'i'iio.— I'miinll  Wi'iiili'iii.iiiii  H  In.  No.  B7.) 


AZiMurna. 


Dnte. 

VoHllinn  of  tiiHtriiiiit'iit. 

rosttlon  of  murk. 

N».  nf 
rc'HiliiiKH. 

Stnr. 

Asliniith. 

July    4 

Inlllil  pnlnt  40° 

4, 447. 8  W 

1      ^ 
8 
8 

.11  (;nniiili>|ini(lulij . . . .AV.  E. . 

^r.i.11,.1 K.E.. 

Pdlurls E.  K.. 

y<Vpl"l E.E.. 

/VUiwiiMiniiriii  W.E.. 

0        1          H 

ii70  03  40.0 
4  dO.7 
4  ():i.  1 
4  (HI.  0 
4  l.')..-! 

4U 

Mnrk  wni  iiiovmiI  huiiUi  Tt. :)  I'cot,  aiut  tnti^ont  run  lliniii;;li  tluU  point. 


ll;lti'. 
July    a 

rrmition  lit'  iiiHtriinicnt. 

INisitioll  nf  uialtf. 

No.  if 
r«Milin;:fl. 

.Sinr. 

Aziinntb. 

Station  No.  i!? 

Azimuth  tino  to  ilislMiUMs 
Error  In  ruiinini;  lliu  lino. 

station  No.  JO 

.■i.-i,llii.  IVot 

8 

/<f(p1ii.| E.  E.. 

I'ulmiH E.  E.. 

>(-iplH'i E.E.. 

Minn 

0      /         '/ 

t9  ;it  i:.',' 
m.  II 
to.  4 

8'j  :ii  io.u  ±a".4 

Kl  -10  \\<X  5 
4t  1 

TliiTf^  bciiiii  no  icnsun  i;>  Rn^pt  ct  nil  ciror  iit  :iny  sliitum,  tliU  tntiil  rrnir  nf  41".  I  in  tliKlribntml  at  tlio  rate  nf  1".  fiant 
cadi  Hliilinii,  Tlio  iirniniuliit"<l  frror,  in  feci,  iirihinix  irnnuaili  imiivi'lnui  timr  In  pnintinj:,  in  calculiitcil  Bcmiriitcly  for  15, 
'Jl,  •i:\  'Ji>.  '27. 'ir',  -jir,  iiiMl  'i'.*\  niili'rt.  At  (linothrr  HtaliuuH  U  tH  Intcrpnlateil  fmni  tln'Ht!  und  pliUTt)  in  tlio  cnlnmnneaded  "Error 
uf  lini',"  anil  itt  sulilratMive. 


STATION'  KKUOU. 

('tiiiimd  rliHtanrn  from  Stalinn  Xn.  'ii  tn  A»tranouiical  Uniinil  49^. . 
ConiputiMl  olVwft  tor  ^li.^tiUIl•^■.  I5r>,in0  fi-tt 


Feet. 
Wis.  a 
cco.o 


Error  of  I. inn,  duo  tnn/.imntli  deviation 

Uiiitfd  Stati-H  AMtrononiic.al  Station  No.  .'i,  aoitlli 

TANCIKNT  LINE  AND  MOnNDS. 


!»4.  H 


1 

a 

,. 

^ 

DlHtlll 

ce.t. 

i 

■3 

V 

Finn!  offset 
to  niouin). 

Ileniark>. 

,g 

c. 

3 

3 

.1 

ID 

O 

U3 

Jf.  CA.  /,*». 

Ftet. 

+ 

_ 

0 

Initial  Point. 

1 

a 

0    «7    :i8 
3    08    40 

4,417 
11,114 

Enrth  mound. 

;).! 

0.3 

.'..  !• 

aSsonth.. 

3 

3    00    01) 

l.-i,  810 

11.  :• 

0,4 

8.  .'i 

■J.  Osoutli.. 

Do. 

4 

4    iil    ;i4 

2'J,  5-JH 

l;i. !) 

0.  'i 

11.4 

2.0  north.. 

l)o. 

S 

5   07   w.:< 

!iU,  ll-JII. :, 

19.8 

(l.li 

14.3 

1.!i  north.. 

Do. 

6 

0    so    47 

33,  COO 

33.0 

0.8 

lao 

14.  U  north  . 

1)0. 

3t0 


REPORT  OF  Tin;  CIIIKF  ASTItONOMKR. 


211 


United  Slalt:»  Tiiufioil  Ko.  I — ('tuilimicd. 

TANQENT  I.INl.  A  ^H  SlolMiS. 


i 

^ 

s '  i 

1 

Ulatnnces. 

! 

)  i- 

Kiiiiii  Kii'Ma 
ti)  iii'iiiiii. 

J:i-iiiiirk(i. 

1 

J 

-1 

lii 



Jf. 

Ch. 

J.kt. 

Ftfl 

_ 

7 

1 

01 

411 

4I,0IH 

411.  a 

1.0 

ai.H 

a:i.  liiortli  . 

Eiirth  nionnil. 

N 

8 

'III 

W 

4.-i,:mi 

.111.  4 

t.a 

24,1 

31. 1  iiorlh. 

Iiii. 

11 

II 

II 

IH 

4.-',2."ili 

03.  0 

1.4 

a.v7 

311,  H  iiiirl  h . . 

I  In. 

III 

10 

0.1 

f.H.  S 

.M,  IOCS 

77.fi 

l.fl 

an,  4 

17.0  Mini  h 

llii. 

11 

III 

(ill 

l>7 

Oll.fOI 

CR.O 

I.H 

30, 0 

.111.  Hiiorili  , 

D<>. 

II 

IMI 

Oil 

S'',  Hell 

n.'.  fi 

l.fl 

31.0 

.10. 7mirlli,, 

I  hi. 

Vi 

IJ 

41 

.Ml 

on,  II  1.1 

IIO.O 

•J.  2 

3.1.  a 

b2.  .Iliorlli 

Uo. 

U 

i:i 

till 

:i,i 

7:I,2I7 

14 

00 

Oil 

7;i,  0.0 

i.-.o.o 

2.  .1 

lio.'fi 

ioH.OliDllli,. 

Karth  iiinunil. 

u 

l.'l 

07 

41 

70,  CiHIl 

171.3 

'J.  0 

42.  0 

I2H.  Hmirlli.. 

■  III. 

in 

00 

on 

61,  4l'0 

III.VO 

3,0 

1.1. 1 

117,  n  11(11  III 

]iii. 

l.'l 

17 

04 

IW 

00.  Olill 

i«i  7 

3.4 

4H.  1 

171, 2  mill  li 

11,1. 

in 

17 

77 

IW 

0I,H|J7 

am.  7 

3.0 

.111,  11 

10.'.  .Iinirili 

Stnlll'  llliillllll.  12'  X  .V. 

17 

IH 

71 

"11 

00,  U7ll 

'.171.  .1 

4.2 

.13.  3 

217.  0  mil  Ml 

Killlhllliilltiil,    h'  X  3'. 

IH 

III 

r.i 

-A :, 

io,i.7i;i.s 

IIP 

i.11 

OH 

01 

iiii;,  I'-K 

"lioo.'o 

ri.'o 

'JiV'f 

mo'iiortli,. 

Kiirlli  iiiimiiil.  IH'  X  7'. 

VU 
SI 

•Jl 
8-J 

:ii 

o:i 

IH.  H 
.'ill 

112,007.8 

1  III.  :iii:i 

Kii'tli  llliillllll,  111'  X  0'. 

'371.7 

"i'p' 

'ca8' 

Biii'ii-orlYi!! 

ti 

sa 

411 

B7.3 

llll.O.Vi  3 

s;i 

mi 

Oil 

121,410 

'403.'4 

"l'l.'3' 

oi.d 

3U.  2lliirlll   . 

Kiiilliiiiiiiinil,    B' X  3'. 

S3 

■u 

ni 

07 

127,  O-.M 

413  0 

7.  1 

0;.  0 

31.1',  Ollnl  111,, 

Ill, 

y.'i 

(III 

00 

i;i-.'.  Olio 

4;h.  3 

7,11 

70.  .1 

.|il«.2lmrtli,. 

1:111111  luiiuml,  10'  X  0'. 

SI 

•ri 

4ii 

21,  5 

n.yo.'ii.s 



S.'. 

■]ii 

711 

no 

07 
00 

137,  2.-|8 
137,  2rtl 

rniiliniiiiiiiil.  lO'-l- 0'. 

'itri 

"h.'s 

ri.'s 

41.1.  li  mil  111" 

87 

on 

00 

14.',  .1011 

.1.17.  0 

0.2 

70.1 

472.  Omirtli.. 

Unnliiiiimiiil.   8'  <  3'. 

SO 

27 

211 

44 

14:1,000 

.10-.  .1 

0,4 

711.  H 

4?2,3liii;lli.. 

l-!:irlli  llliillllll.  Ill'  ;.  0'. 

28 

oil 

Oil 

147. Sin 

000.0 

10.4 

7!'.  0 

.Mil,  7liiirlll,. 

Kiiiili  iniiiiiiil.    1^'  X  3'. 

20 

00 

00 

1.13,  l-.'l) 

04  1.  7 

ii.r. 

H.7 

.1.'i0  .I11111II1 

Do, 

87 

Sl) 

.10 

00 

10,1,  mil 

000.  0 

12.  0 

e-A8 

50.1.  2  linri  ll , , 

I.ii'uU'iiiiiil  (iirsory'ii  MiTJillan. 

On  tlio  pnrnllt'l  PHtnlil[(i)icil  by  thrnliovi 
Gregory,  Unlti'il  iS(ut<<a  Eiiginoeri*,'  an  ritlloWM: 


nittuiHlrt  iron  iiilhirw  with  placi'il,  hi  IBT.'i,  by  Capt.  J.  F. 


DintatKP  fntm  Initial  Point  of  Tanijnit  No.  4. 


1 

72,  12 

.1 

72. 18 

7 

72,  la 

0 

72. 13 

11 

72.  la 

13 

72  la 

1.1 

72.  IS 

17 

72.18 

19 

73.13 

ai 

73.13 

23 

73.  13 

25 

72.13 

27 

73. 19 

, 


i  is 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  5. 

1873. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  No.  5  {Lieutenant  Qrcgory)  to  Astronomical 
Station  at  Sleepy  Hollow  {^Lieutenant  Ualicey). 

[Ob--ervcr,  Lieut.  F.  V.  GrcoTio. — Triii'-sit,  Wiiriloiimun  8-in.  Ko.  87.) 
AZlMUniS. 


Date.    I   l*(i8i*iol)  til' instruiiioiit. 


Jul?  IS  li.mwi..,in,«=. 


I'ositioii  of  luiirk. 


3,4Ca  feet  west . 


I    No.  of 
j  ivadiu^H. 


Stnr. 


Azimuth. 


/?0.-pliel E.. 

ii  Copluii E.. 

Y  Ci'jiliei  E.. 

(i  tlisil- Miuoria W.. 

Tolaris E.. 


Jronn. 


O        *         " 

270  OO  17. 5 

ii.a 

270  00  :l.').  i 
sou  59  il.  i 


270  00  13.3  ±a".G 


The  nuu-k  wna  moved  foutli  0.3  feet  aud  the  tau{;eut  rnu  through  it. 


Dale. 

I'oKitioH  of  Instrumont. 

Positiount'  mark. 

No.  of 

ruudiu^B. 

Star. 

Azimuth. 

July  a  I 
Juij-  22 

Jsiatioul2 

Stntiuu  It 

1  ^ 
1    I 

8  TTrsro  MlnoriH 

J-'  Urea*  MiiiorU . . . 

I'oliirJH 

Y  Ci'phei 

E.. 

E.. 

O      /         II 

89  41  31*.  1 
i-i  'iA  (i 

41  4.-..(i 

42  2U.  4 

t9  42  02.  4  .!  '. 
S9  42  03. 9 

".7 

1 

32 

Aziuuith  duo  to  distnnco  95,112  .Vot. 

01.5 

STATION  Ennou.  ^.„^ 

Cliainod  iHstaiice  Irmu  Stalinii  VA  to  Astronomical  Mouuil  ou  49°. . .    !>J.  75 
Comimted  oL*'  •  t  for  iliHlauco  of  *Hi,7G0  feet 'i'lT. 

Slcopy  Hollow  Aal  roiiuiniciU  ^[otiud,  49°,  sontli lti;i.  25 

T.^XOENT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


S 

i; 

rf 

Distances. 

-? 
3 

a 

Eiunl  vdrnt 
to  mound. 

Uomarks. 

% 

1 

B 

(D 

U 

to 

M.  Ch.  Us. 

FeeL 

-I- 

n 

0  110  no 

0 

9.  0 

0.0 

0.0 

lui'l'il  rolut,  luouiid  of  AHdouoniioal  St;itiun  No.  .1. 

1 

0      .W      .'l."! 

3,  4(i(< 

0.3 

4.8 

4. 5  (H  uth  . . 

Stoi.,-  luiiuiul,    (1'  X  4'. 

8 

1    30    70 

7,;.io 

3 

3  :m  M 

in, 274 

e.8 

31.0 

22. 3  south  . . 

Stono  muuud,  13' X  7'. 

4 

4    7(1     l.') 

2(i,  U(i 

.'i 

.'>     -A    .W 

2!1, 997 

21.7 

.W.  0 

2.5.9  south.. 

Stiuio  monud,  13'  x  T. 

(t 

7    r.d    .10 

40,i'21 

4.'..  7 

(1(1.  e 

21.  1  south  . . 

!lo. 

7 

lU    (13    .'.7 

.i(j.  :m; 

r9.  2 

9(1.  3 

7.  1  south  .. 

Uo. 

S 

11   41  m 

(ill,  Kill 

100.9 

102.  H 

1.9  south    . 

Stone  luound,  10'  X  (f. 

9 

13    r.2    23 

■2.(1,-11 

112.4 

119.2 

23.2  north.. 

Eartli  mound,  10'  X  7'. 

10 

1.1    UI    (10 

^:l,  2:11) 

I'.IO.  2 

lliK  7 

.11.5  north.. 

Uo. 

11 

17    40    42 

92,  42H 

13 

18    01    09 

9."i,  112 

a4H.  5 

I.-.7. 1 

91.4  north.. 

Earth  mounil,  10'  y.  V. 

13 

18    2(i    09 

;iii,  702 

2.-i7.  0 

103.3 

93. 7  north  . . 

Tor(ui()al  I'oint.  Slropy  Hollow  meridian. 

On  the  ]>arall'!l  e.stahlishod  by  tlio  aliovo  ukkukIh,  iron  |iiliara  woro  plat'eii,  iu  lfi7.'i,  Iiy  Capt.  ,1.  E.  tirenory,  Unttt'd 
States  Eugiuuers,  tut  I'oliows : 

Distancf  from  fnilial  riiinl  o/  Vniled  Statrs  Taii'jcnt  Xn.  5. 

.If.  Ch. 
2  42. 14 
4  12  14 
fi    42.  I.'. 

918 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  )). 

1873. 
FrcK  United  States  Asi'-otwmical  Station  No.  C,  at  Turtle  Mountain  Went  (Cantain  Ti 
u'd),  casticard  into  Turtle  Mountain. 

[Obacrvor,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Gvcene.— Transit  Wfirdomaiin  8-in.  Xo.  HT.j 


icin- 


AZIMUTH. 


Dato. 


Aug.    1 


Position  of  iuBtninient. 


Position  of  murk. 


a.2  feet  north  of  4!)o, 
and  1,(178  foi't  cast  of 
nicriilian  of  Onited 
Statoa  AMtronoDiicnl 
Station  Ko.  0. 


8,ta:ifi'0twc«tof  miTiil- 
.     inn  of  UuiliHl  .Static 
A  .iti  aooiuical  Station 
Ao.  C. 


No.  of 
rfadln,",8. 


Star. 


Polaris 

32  Cnrmlo)  irdalia  . 
p  IJrsiB  Minons  . . . 
y^  Ur»]u  Uiiioris  . . . 
y  C('])hoi    


..E. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 


ilean. 


Azimntli. 


iii!(  50  47.  i;  ±  :i". 


Tlio  tanjient  naa  run  tlirongli  i>  point  2fi.2  fcft  north  of  tim  niarlc. 

TANGENT  LINK  AND  MOUNDS. 


*! 

_ 

1 

^ 

C 
t 

s 

DistantTs. 

t 

a 

"5 

Kiniil  olVsd 
to  m';i!nil. 

Kouiurka. 

.1 

et 

n 

w 

o 

m 

O 

M. 

Ch.  Lks. 

JWI. 

+ 

0 

1 

U 
0 

2.-I    4-J 

',r,  4r, 

1,(178 
4,  !lf  0 

s 

2 

3!)    63 

l;l,  17fi 

3 

4 

3 

m  .10 

2.1    07 

l.-.,08l 
17,  303 

(1.3 

8.4 

-- 

■*.  :i  ^nuth  ., 

KiU'tli  inotnid. 

5 

J 

tl4    88 

2(1, 122 

li 

4 

24    4,^ 

22, 731 

8 

4 

."17    23 
27    72 

2-t.  rtl7 
2H,  S30 

1(1.  !l 

I  a.  11 

2.  2 

0.  f^   lUHlll  . 

Kaith  mound. 

9 

10 

8 
.S 

29    (1.1 
31     .'i7 

43,  r.iri 

44,  324 

52.3 

^■'■■'1 

2.2 

25,8  iiurlh  .. 

Kurth  inuuiul. 

11 

8 

.18    7(1 

411,  ll.'< 

13 

0 

20    3U 

48, 8(10 

14 

lU 

38    IS 

51,01)3 

913 


I 

7, 


M 


I! 


'^ 


\% 


*!..1 


1,-4 


-Hi 


(    .4 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  7. 

i.s;;{. 

-From  United  States  Astronomical  IStulioii  No.  0,  at  Turtle  2lountuin  West  (('aptuin  Twin- 
ing), to  British  Astronomical  Htution  ui  Jirst  crossing  Mouse  Hirer  (Lieutenant  Guluey). 

[Observp",  Lieut.  F.  V.  Ureeiip.— Transit  Wilrduinann  8-in.  No.  87.1 
AZniUTIJ.'*. 


Date. 

Position  ot'luatrnmuut. 

rositioii  lit"  niiuk. 

No.  of 
retiiliiigit. 

Slar. 

Azimuth. 

Aug.    1 

(±■2  fi-et  north  ol'  A9^, 
an«i  i.tiTH  I'wt  ciiftt  nt' 
nu'tiilian  ut'  IJuitetl 
Stutta  AMtniiioiuical 

t     SLulioii  No.  li. 

S^^i^  feot  w.Ht  .if  tbc 
[     nuTidiaii   ot    Uiiiti'il 
Statfs   Aslnmuiiiical 
Station  So.  it. 

1  ! 

s 

8 
40 

I'olilTib 

3-i  Ciiiiioloiinnliilin  . . 

0  I'rtiiu  .Nlinitns 

y'  I'rsii'  .Ml  1101  ia  .. 

...  E.. 
...W. 
..  W.. 
...W  . 

0        1         II 

-.iUU  30  5!l.  H 
58.4 
40.3 
47.3 

zi. :) 
iii.u  30  47. 1)  t.  a".a 

ileau  

The  tau^ent  wa^  run  tlirough  a  poiut  2t>.'J  feet  north  of  mark. 


Date. 

Position  of  instrnmont. 

PoKitioD  of  mark. 

No.  of 
reailingM. 

iitiir. 

Aziiiiutli. 

Aug.    5     Station  9  of  Tangent  . . .    Station  8  of  Tangent. . . . 

f  I 
\    1 

IVliiris    

;i3  ('.nnf-lopnnliilin  .. 
y*  UrHic  Minolis... 
y  t'cpbi'i 

Mian  

...  E. 

...W.. 
...W.. 

...  Ji.. 

0      1         11 

co  41  -a.  a 

J3.3 

ao. « 

17.!) 

p'.i  41  Mra  ±)i".s 

bO  41  -'8.  a 
00.3 

tin 

STATION  KliUOlJ. 
The  ohniiH'il  diMtanrf*  from  Station  10  of  TauKcnt  to  UriliHli  Astronomical  Parallel  is  . 
Tangent  Htartt.-(l  north 


Coniputt  il  ninet  f .  r  distance,  lOa.OHn  feet 30:».  a 

u:>.o 

Thin  'X\.0  foot  is  iiMod.  without  « nor,  in  (li'ti'riniiiing  the  oils*  is  to  intormeiliatf  mounil-;  hiii  i(  \s  not  the  true  Station 
Krror,  hei  aiit»t»  the  tangent  did  nnt  mal^e  an  an;.;lt*  nt  ti(P  wiili  (  aptaiii  I  winin;:  h  nieridi^ir,  Itiit  with  a  meridian  l,(i7S 
feet  enstiif  iho  AHtrononiieal  Station.  Takiti^r  Iho  initial  point  of  it:  tangmt  on  the  nieiidiauof  I'nitu*!  States 
AHtnmomiciil  Station  No.  t*,  the  enmpnted  olfaet  i;i ;tI'J.  !l 

The  measiirtdutliMM  isiJ'Jtifeot  r 'J.'J  leet J',t,-.  J 


Station  Krror  of  Ilritiwh  Aatronouiieal  .Station,  llr.st  eroM.sing  MiHt.e  Kiver,  north  . . 

TANGENT  LINK  AND  MOUNPS. 


T. 

9 

a 

lli^lillU•^■»                       3 

1 

1^ 

i 

§ 

.  0 

Final  (.ffsi't 

to  lllUUUlt. 

ItcniiirliH. 

0 
0 

•i 
■■1 

4 

(i 

7 
H 
•t 
111 

Jl.   Ch.  /.»>. 

1',  C6 ;.;!:;; 

•.«,  i;iii    "iA7 
a;i.  avj 

40,  'JOi  '       ftH.  H 
.'!!.  111-7  [       !l."i.  n 

:o.  HIS  1    Ilia.  0 
'.11,1114     aj:.o 

'.  .i,  lili  1        -JMI.  4 

id:.,  ifi,-,      ao.i.  -J 

+ 

■Jil.  U 

41.8 
.'.il.  4 
till.  4 
8ia 

r-;.  4 

'.I.V  0 

•-'.2 

a.  a 

a.  a 
a.  a 

•lO.  1  north  . 

OJ.  4 
1 17  U 

iiii7.  a 

il4l.ll 

iiiii;.  u 

Iniliiil  I'.oiil  of  liiii>. 

Iliiliiil  Point  ol'  cliailiiiii;,  liirt'iilliin  ol'  I'tiitoil  .Statiw  At>- 
tioiioiiiiral  Stalioii  Sii  11. 

Sl.oiio  iiiuiiiiii,  111'  X  7'. 

Ho. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

'i'l'llnillill    I'nillt,  .VHIIollolllir.ti  Slallull 

"4     71'    01 
II    ■!■.    64 

H  III    :i'j 

11     13    1:11 

14   4:1  I-n 

17    14    :o 

Ik    ■.:I    ■.II 
1:1     7J    ill 

ttu 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  8. 

1873. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  No.  7,  at  South  Antler  Creek  {Lieutenant  Greg- 
oru),  to  British  Astronomieal  Station  at  necond  erossing  Mouse  liiver  (Lieutenant 
Oalwcy), 

[Observer,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Gri'em'.— Trausit  Wurdemann  h-in.  No.  8*.) 
AZIMUTHS. 


Dato. 

PoHitiun  uf  iutitruineut. 

Po,si.U.n„f,„.uU.         „^-'^f^ 

Sti:r. 

Aziiniitli. 

Aug.  Sti 

49^  Mouml 

i  S,040.7  liet  i\ist  111'  -WO    5       a 
i      ilound.                            !^       p 

SI 

l'ol:uis V... 

0       *            '/ 

f-i  47  117.  A 

:i7. 1 

Ml  47  lit;.  S  ±  i>".  1 

y*  I'r.-iiL'  Miiinris W. 

Mi'itn 

Tlio  niiiik  was  nmvnl  Bimtli  7.5  ti^et  unci  taiijiriit  run  tlirou^li  tiiiit  point. 


Dille. 

Aug.  'JO 

I'twilioii  of  iuRlriiiuent.          rosilimi  ol  niaiU. 

Xo.  of 
reii(liii^i>. 

Star.                               Aziniulli. 

1       <* 
4n 

0      «           II 

I'oliirin I!..      8!)  41  30.  H 

fl    rrsir  .Minoiia \V  . .                 :(■_'. -J 

y  I'rsM' MiM.iii,^  \V..                ■J-'.H 

f     l'rs;i- MiiMiriB W..                a-ili 

y    L'epUfi i-:.                   *JI:'.4 

07,C;iS  feet 

(.'i  r.n  41. 4 

STATION'  KliliOlt. 

A  Btronc  Houtheily  jiJilo  wuh  liluwini;  at  Stations  0.  1.  ami  '*',  liiniintf  the  ti'Iescojx!  to  llin  nortli.  Tin-  error  u(  10!i".2  is 
c1it)tribulo>l  lit  these  tiiri'o  ntatioiiH.  or  WJt  nl  eaoli,  niot  tin-  H't-nlt  ot  eatli  rteparnte  i-rorr  in  calenlatetl  and  mibtraeteil  from 
tbu  Btatiou  eiror  ot  2^1  I'eet  ^iveii  bv  the  liiiea.H  run.    Tlio  hiiiu  ot  tlieHc  errors  iHr>d  fei  t. 

Ftrl. 

('Iii-xtiied  dlstjince  from  .Station  It  to  Aslioiioiiiieat  Mouud  49^ i.lri.0 

Computed  otl'set  due  to  diatame  lttt,57ti.a  feet ait'.'. 0 

ilJl.O 


BtltUh  Astronomioiil  Station  aouth ivxu 


210 


Jfii 


hi 


:?iii| 


i 


216 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTHERN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


United  States  Tangent  N'o.  8 — Contiuucd. 

TANGENT  LINe;  AND  MOnNDS. 


.l 

0 

1 

9 
» 
4 

fl 
li 

7 
H 

n 

10 

11 

Ditlnnces. 

1 
a 

1 

c 

o 

t 

a 

1 

1   . 
+ 

Final  offsot 
to  mound. 

Remarks, 

3r.  Ch.Llc«. 

Feet. 

1- 

- 

Initial  Point,  moriiilan  of  Uuitod  States  Astr juom- 
ical  Station  No,  7. 

Stonomonml.lO'XO'. 

Do. 
Ei\rtlimonn(l,10'x0'. 
Stono  motinil,  lO*  X  «'. 
Eorth  mound,  12'  X  «'. 
Stono  mound,  10'  X  C. 

Do. 

Trrrolnal  Folnt,  meridian  of  British  Astronomical 
Station. 

0    10    17 

2  11  ri 

4    (i4    75 

7    40    0.1 

a  !].->  41 

13    .'i7    24 
10    I'.'i    40 
18    72    77 

20  31     70 

21  03    08 
23    51    77 

fi71 
11.334 
2.'.,  303 
3!l,001 
.-•il.KlT 
72,418 
CI,  842 

00,  nn 

in.  2 

43.0 
73.0 
143.  !l 
107.0 

21.3 

47.8 
74.0 
97,0 
130.  8 
100.3 

....... 

17.8  8011th.. 
31.08O(lt1l.. 
31.9«oiith.. 
24.3»0llth.. 
7. 1  north 
37.  3 north.. 

107, 008 
111,  OKI 
119,577 

318.4 

"mo 

203.7 
"231. '6 

114.7north.. 
148.0  north.. 

Error  at — 

Foot. 

Stations... 

I.e  south. 

Stations 

1.2  north. 

Station  4 

3.  s  north. 

Station  5 — 

.5. 9  north. 

.SlationO... 

9. 7  north 

Station  7 

12.0  north. 

Station  9... 

Ui.  2  nortli. 

NoTR.-In  rPviMitiK  tlieso  nrt*B  in  1(^75  iin  rrror  wan  discovcrfil  in  the  computed  offHwt  at  Slition  11,  wbicli  shonld  bo 
303.7  inHtead  of  36!),0  lent.  Thin  lualtos  llio  iuonnit»  oi  rnnooiit*ly  luiilt  iia  iu  the  culnnin  to  tho  right.  Owing  to  tho  uncor* 
toiuty  iu  tbo  nziuiuth,  tho  Htation  error  of  iGlJ.li  fivt  uouth  is  not  disturbed. 


K 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  9. 

1873. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  No.  8  {Captain  Twining),  to  British  Astronom- 
ical Station  at  Short  Creek  {Captain  Fcatherstonhaugh). 

[Observer,  Llent.  F.  V.  Greone Transit  'Wttidcniaon  S-Io.  No.  87.) 

AZIMUTHS. 


Date. 

Position  of  instrumont 

.  c  jltion  of  mnrlc. 

No.  of 
readiii{ja. 

Star. 

Azlmulli. 

Sept,    1 

8 
I       8 

8 

Polaris E.. 

P  Ursa)  Miiioris W.. 

t'  Ursiu  Miiioris W.. 

Moan 

969  49  17. 9 

20.8 
4.'>.  9 

84 

209  49  ;'S.2±3".  1 

Tangent  wan  nm  tlirougli  a  point  17. r*  foot  north  of  tlio  Murk. 


Date. 

Position  of  iiiatrunii'nt. 

Position  of  mark. 

No.  ()f 

ruailiii^a. 

Star. 

Asiimitli. 

Sept.    5 

3-J 

„   PolnriH E.. 

0    rr»in  Miiioris W.. 

>•»  llrsinMiuolis W.. 

Y    Ccpiioi E.. 

Moan  

0        /            II 

2U9  4»  11.0 
4:1  1(1.8 
4J  .'ij.  1 
43  41).  7 

aU9  43  15. 1  ±  2".  7 

SC9  43  11.1 

4.0 

izimiitli  lino  to  distance.  8 

9079  foot        

STATION-  EISKOK. 

Feet. 

Chiiinod  distnnro  from  Station  10  to  Britisii  Astronomical  Mound  49° 4'JO.  3 

Uoiiiputod  oUsot  for  a  lonisth  of  94,410  foet 244.0 

Station  error,  Britisli  Astionomioai  Station  north 17S.  G 

TANGENT  LINE  AM)  MOUNDS. 


9j 

1 

Distances. 

1 

0 

« 
D 
P. 

a 

0 

C 

0 

s 

.i 
3 

is 

s  ■ 

I'ili.ll  oll'aot 
to  luoiinii. 

Remarks. 

0 

7 
H 
0 
10 

Jf.  OL  LU 

Feet. 

-i- 

-1- 

Initial  Point,  meridian  Aalroiiomic.t]  Stadmi  No.  8. 

Stone  miinnd.  8'  X  6'. 
E.irtli  iiimiiid,  14'  X  0'. 
Stutio  niuuild,    8'  X  6'. 

Eiirtli  mound,  10'  X  C. 
StiuH)  iiioiiiid.  10'  X  0'. 
Eiirtli  iiKiiiud,  l.V  XT. 
Mi'rtiliaii  Ilriti!,i)  ARtronoTiiiual  Slatitiii. 

1  00    5;i 

2  0(i   :.n 
4   :ii   48 
(i    21    40 
n   i;i  20 

!l    .'..-1    09 

11    r.4   14 
14   r>i    ).') 

Hi    (111    08 
17    70    40 

.^^ll 

lO.iW.'i 
23,300 
33, 093 
4'',  393 

.M.eio 

01, 0.'!:! 
77,.')  14 
B!),  079 
94,410 

15.0 
31.1 
04.3 

4:1.0 

01. 0 
90.0 

:;:::;;; 

SaOnorlli.. 
!i2.7niiilli.. 
154. 3ui)rtli.. 

104. 3 
104. 9 
218.  0 
244.  li 

114.8 
143.  1 
in.!.  7 
17.-..  0 



21'.1.  1  liolill.. 
MS. 0 unit ll . . 
3KI.7nortli.. 
IJ0.2liiiltll 

ill 


r 


I 


miii 


M ; 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  10. 

1873. 

From  United  Hiates  Astronomical  Station  No.  9  {Lieutenant  Gregory)  to  British  Astronom- 
ical /Station,  at  Grand  Cottau  (Lieutenant  (Jahcey). 

(ObsorviT,  Liiut.  F.  V.  Greene— Trausit  Wiii iluiuanii  8-iu.  No. 67.] 
AZIMUTUS. 


Date. 

Po»''!«.iof  iuHtrutut'Ut. 

roHitiun  (if  mark. 

So.  (if 

Star. 

Azlmiitb, 

Sept.    9 

490  parallel 

3035.3  feet  wcat 

1     I 

I'olnrls E  .. 

B   llrHii)  Minoris W.. 

>'  Uisa>Miiiori9 W.. 

y    Ci-phel li-. 

llena - . 

0     /      w 
270  00  12.  .1 
12.1 

m.n 

07.8 
lilO  00  ID.  f  ±  1". !) 

3i 

Tiin;;i'ut  wno  run  through  a  point  0.3  foot  south  of  mark. 


Diit*\ 

r<)..iliou  fl'iii.slniiiiL-ul. 

I'oHUion  of  mark, 

Ko.  of 
^i!adil>g^t. 

Star. 

A^iiiiiitli. 

Sept.  in 

Station  9 

Station  8 

1     ^ 

1           ^8 

rolarii. 

0    Vrsm  Slinnrift  ... 

y^  Ur»;u  .Miuoris 

)     Cciibcl 

ilean 

...  E.. 
..   W. 
. . . .  W . . 

o      /        #1 

60  4i  ■1:1.  :i 
41  :)".!i 
41  ;.G.;i 

4J  01.  M 

t!l  41!  0.-,.  1  ±  1".  0 

2.1 

8!l  ■■i  07. 2 
HI  VJ  17.  4 

10.2 

Taii;{pnt  Htartcd  with  an  n 

/.Innitli  of  

.s  0C8  fcrt 

This  error  wiu  taki-n  ua  tho  Buni  ut'  thu  eriorH  of  observation  ut  both  statiuDH.) 

ST.\TION  ERKOR. 

Feet 

Ttio  effect  of  tho  azimutli  error  in  feet  at  tin'  tcrmiiinl  print  is  2.7 

The  cbalned  distnuco  I'looi  jiatiuu  10  ul'  taii^t<iil  to  Uiiti^h.'l8truIlonlical  muunil 1^5.0 

If-AS 
Corapnted  offset  for  a  length  of  91,799  feet 240.7 

Station  error  of  British  Astronomical  Station,  sout  li C4.4 

TANGENT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


1 

Distances. 

1 

I 
+ 

1:1.0 

"71.0 

'ni.'i" 
nil.  I) 

'•.1111.7' 

c 
c 

■•s 

Final  offset 
to  mound. 

EemiirkH. 

0 

I 

2 
3 
4 

r> 

f! 

8 

n 

10 

if.  Ch.  Lk». 
"u  "4.'i'  H.V 

2  40  :>:, 
,'.   01    i:i 

H    40    21 
1)    .VI    1-2 

12   ;i7   in 
i:i   m   ^2 

I.'.    2.-I    71 
17    CI     1". 
17    77     :i.-. 

Fat. 

'li.'li'j.V  ■ 
i:i,  fM 
•,'ii,  (172 
4I,I-!I4 
.',0. 1-74 

i;.-i,ei4 

00.  2-.'2 
HI,  KI7 
9:l,  023 
04,  W,.->.  2 

17.  ;i 

;(.  i^soiitli  .. 
i'.:i  north. .. 

Initial  point,  iiMriilian  of  AMtruii(itiiit-:iI  ^rtalion. 

Earth  mmiml,  •J(l'...'.i'. 
Do. 

Kartli  mound,  Hi'xO'. 

Do. 

Stiiiii-  iiioiuii),  1  l',\'i', 

'I'l'rriiinsil  {loitit,  niiriiltan  ot  ItriiiMh  Atitii'ioiiiicat  Slatinn. 

:i:i.  1 

"4-..'fl' 
:,-•.  (i 

oi.'-i 

;)7.0ni)rili.. 
"Kn.'4'i,'I-t'ri!! 

I'.i7.  Ol.c  ill!.. 

iei'omirlli!. 

yirt 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No,  11. 

1873. 

,'0W  United  Stntcn  Aiilroiiomkal  Station  No.  10  at  Mid  Cotcaii  {Lieutenant  Uregory)  to 
British  Antronomieal  Station  (Captain  Fcatlicrntonhaiigh). 

(ObstTvor,  Litmt.  V.  V.  Greene.— Transit  Wiinlemimn  8-iu.  No.  87  ] 
AZIMUTHS. 


Dato. 

Sopt  18 

I'osltidn  of  Instrumunt 

Po,Ulouofm«k.         ^:5'j|°f„ 

Stnr. 

Aziiuuth, 

5  10  fcit   iioilli  <if  40=  1 
{     nioniid.                        i 

14,104  ltd  wiat    

I'Dliiiis     E.. 

i^    Utaio  MinnriM W.. 

;'  llisiu  MiniiriB W . 

r    Ci-phei K.. 

Meiin 

O        /           " 

S(i9  67  40.  7 
112 
23.8 

2U(1  .57  2li.  1  ±  1".  7 

;i2 

Taniient  nut*  run  Ihrrmgb  u  point  10.7  feet  itorih  ot'tbi'  murk 


Owiii;;  to  alcTiny  an<l  rloiiily  ni^httt  it  v.-in  in)i;(iAHil)li'>  to  oliiiiin  n/iinulli  l))l^t>J  vatimiN  nt  \hv  lii  itiiiuil  poiut.  rilbir  whilo 
thore,  on  thu  way  \vt>ttt,  ur  i('tiiiiiin<;  t>i;st.  '1  Iu>  iniiini  poiii*  of  iht>  snci-rt  ilini;  Itiit.hh  taiJi;('Ut  wiib  nut  d'.'tiuitely  niaikeil,  no 
tliiit  it  WHS  inipo'a^lblu  to  <'uin|Kiti)  ihv  a.iiiiuib  with  ttiu  BmIi.-<1i  ni.'i  iilinn  or  l^ii^rut. 


Cbaincd  diHtanco  Ironi  Sta  hji  l)i  of  tuiii<eut  to  Dritii^b  ntiti'oiKiiiiical  mound  •11)° 
Line  started  nortli 


Feet. 
lU.  U 


Compated  oflset  fur  a  Icngt h  of  lJ7,yitG  foot — r»ia3 

Station  error  of  Sritlnb  Astronomical  Station,  Mnitb  373.7 

TANGENT  LIXK  AND  MOCNUS. 


m 

3 

DistunceB. 

1 

1 

« 

a 

to 

1 

rl 

u 

Finiil   olI'Lot 
tu  iiionml. 

Ifeiiiiirkh. 

0 
1 
3 
3 
4 
f< 
6 
1 
8 
0 
10 
11 
\i 

jr.  Ch.  Lks. 

Feet 

+ 

- 

- 

Iiiiiijl  )iiiini.  nii'iiiiiiin  Ai^tiunuiuiual  Station  No.  10. 
Kiirlh  iiiminil.  14'.<0'. 
Shiiu'  nil  luiii,  WxO'. 

1)11. 
Kiirtli  niiiiinil,  14'.^/. 

11,1. 

\)u. 

Stiiiif  iiKiiin  1.  10' ,-,0'. 

Do. 
Terniili.ll  iioiiil,  nioriilinii  Ititti>li  Aslrononiiciil  ,SU\* 

liiiU. 

3    54    CO 
5   04   8a 
7    20    41 
0    J!l    73 
12    07    ,50 
14    21    SO 
10    54    P7 
20    52    51 

22  01     14 

23  40    15 
25     15    ,58 
20    01     10 

14,  101 

20,718 
38,  307 
52,  7p;) 
07,815 
75,  4ilO 
ff,  101 
1011,000 
110  433 

.5.  a 
19.0 
40.3 
70. 5 

ISO.  a 

38.0 
-2.0 
104.  2 
143.0 
184.4 

10 
10 
111 
10 
10 

43.  Uonlli 
03.  Osumll. 
73.  0 1*11111  h 
77.  1  811111  h. 
CA2»ou(ll 

2i3.  i  1   2:10.0 

320.  0  1     2t0. 7 

1 

10 
10 

;m.  Ssonlll 
lli.Ouiirtli. 

124,  OHO 
133,  028 
137, 350 

422.7 

337.5 

10 

7.->.2noitb.. 

518.2 

373.7 

10 

134. 5uurlh.. 

s  m 


aii) 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  12. 

1873. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  No.  11,  at  Bully  Spring  {Lieutenant  Gregory)  to 
British  Astronomical  Station  at  Porcupine  Creek  {Lieutenant  Oaliceu). 


ffcs-* 


rciqrine  Vreek  {Lieutc 

[Obtcrvcr,  F.  V.  Greene— Transit  'Wurdomnnii  Bin.  No.  87.) 
AZIilOTUS. 


Date. 

Poaitiou  of  iDHtniuient. 

Position  of  nu»rk. 

Nn.  of 

roitdinga. 

Star. 

Azinintli. 

Sept  30 . 

( 1,607  west  nnd  0.3  feet 
{     north  uf  49°  niound. 

50.15  fnct  oast  of  inatni- 
ueut. 

1    ! 

Poliirls 

P  UrsmMinnrls  ... 
{  Ursa!  Minoria  . . . 

0      '        // 
89  58  00. 2 
5a  01.3 
07  54. 2 

S4 

fj  57  :S,  U  ±  2".  4 
89  50  41.  0 
1  42.9 

Tangi'nt  was  ran  throuuli  apuiut  2.8  foct  south  of  mnrk. 

The  Bky  was  cloudy  and  it  wua  iiuposBiblo  to  obtain  azimuth  observations  at  terminal  point. 

STATION  ERROR. 

Cnaincd  distance  from  Station  10  of  tangent  to  British  astronomical  mound 519. 7 

Tangent  started  north 9.2 

.Vi8.  9 
Computed  offset  for  a  length  of  117,229  feet 377. 2 

Station  error  of  British  Astronnniical  Station,  north 181.7 

TANGENT  LXNE  AND  MOUNDS. 


i 

1 

Distances. 

P. 

B 
0 

1 

1 

Final  offset 
to  mound. 

liemarks. 

0 

1 

1 

'4' 

0 
7 
8 
9 
10 

M.  Ch.  Iks. 

FcH. 

+ 

4- 

- 

Initial  point,  meridian  of  United  States  Aatrouomieal 

StJitionKo.ll. 
Stoiio  mound,  9'xO'. 
Earth  mound,  lO'xC 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Terminal  point,  meriiiian  British  Astronomical  Sta- 
tion. 

0    34    80 
3    27    00 
6    40    33 
9    40    00 
12     14    23 

12  50    .M 

13  87    91 
10    29    85 
17    22    93 
20    68    91 
as    16    20 

1,037 
17, 622 
34,341 
50,  lliO 
64,299 
60, 094 
70,  462 
^6, 450 
91,267 
110, 148 
117,229 

0.0 
8.5 
32.4 
69.1 

2.5 

27.3 
53.2 
77.8 

9.2 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 

6. 7  south .  - 
26. 6  nortli . . 
76. 4uortli.. 
137. 7  north.. 

13(i.  4 
205. 2 

109.3 
133.  9 

9.2 
9.2 

230. 5  north.. 
329.9norlh.. 

333.  6 
377.2 

170.8 
181.7 

9.2 

9.2 

494.  0  north . . 
549. 7  north.. 

220 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  13. 

1874. 

From  United  States  Astronomical  Station  Ko.  12  (Captain  Gregory)  to  British  Astronom- 
ical Station,  Little  Itocky  Creek  (Captain  Feather stonhaugh), 

(Obsorvcr,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Grcono.— Tr.iiult  AViinlcmiinu  Bin.  Xo.  81.) 
AZIMUTHS. 


Date. 
Juuc  :io 

Purtition  of  IntitrDiiieut. 

Pusltion  of  umrk. 

No  of 
ren(liTi{;8. 

Star. 

Azimuth. 

(  SO  fi'ft  Boiilh  of  Uiiltod 
<      States  AHlniuotuicul 
(    Moauil,  *'J°. 

\  10.4  0  fi'i.t  wt'Ht  of  In- 

I        HtlUUltUt. 

1          HI 
1         HI 
[         10 

40 

Pol«H« K. 

3    Ccphi'i K  . 

Y   (Jiphi'l i; . 

>■'  UiMiu  Miuorirt W.. 

Moon 

•-till  51  ;ii.  I 

.'.0  aii.  4 
.'.I  117.0 
,M  14.  H 

•Jlill  .'it  0*.  :i  ±  4".!! 

Tnn^i'iit  u'a>«  run  throii;jh  a  {loiut  <J(i  tVet  10.:i  Inclie.H  noi-th  of  mark. 


Dnto. 


.Tuly    4 


PoHllionof  Instnimput. 


Station  It  of  tangent. . . 


PoHltlcm  of  mark. 


No.  of 
n>a(Ilui;H. 


Star. 


AztmntI). 


Station  lOof  t.angont 


10 
10 

HI 
10 


IViilici V, . 

rnlariH     K  . . 

rr^a'MiunriB \V*. 

Vrsa.  Minoria W.. 


Mo:i 


True  nziraulh  at  dlstanco  135,858  feet 

Error  of  lino  to  tlio  Boutli 

(TliiM  rrrnr  1h  taken  to  bo  tlio  sum  of  the  errors  of  the  a/.imntit  ohservationa  at  the  extrein- 
itioH;  1.  f..  the  whole  line  ran  south  lb".l,  which  gives  Staition  11  an  error  of  U.'.i  feet.) 


89  311 

.'lO.  7 

47.0 

47.8 

4.-..  4 

f-:i 

■.a 

47.  7  ±1' 

.f 

sa 

:ii 

2:1. 11 

;iG.  -i 

STATION  KRUOU. 

The  chained  otfset  to  mound  from  Ptation  11  of  tangent . 
The  coniputeil  olTset  lor  a  distance  of  13ri,H5'j  feet 


reet 

•ni.r> 

rioii.7 


Cti5.!^ 

The  initial  point  was  south 20. 

U.O      31.!l 

Station  error,  l}riti.4li  Astronomical  .Station  north 233  II 


TANdK.VT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


4i 

1 

1 

(9 

a 

Distances. 

1 

a 

Final  olfset 
to  mound. 

Itemarka. 

■s 

.1 

§ 

d 

1 

Hi 

^ 

W 

A 

'A 

jr. 

Ch.  Lk». 

Feet. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

1 

1 

!i 

77   .'•.a 

10,400 

9.9 

17.9 

20.0 

0.9 

41. 7  north  , 

Earth  mouiiil,  12'X7'. 

3 

93    93 

S2,(i<IU 

14  1 

39.0 

20.0 

2.0 

7.'».  1  north.. 

Do, 

(14    M 

32,0110 

28.1 

.Vi,  0 

2(1.0 

2.9 

100,0  north,. 

Do, 

4 

14    50 

43,  l<17 

51.  2 

71.3 

2(1,  0 

3.8 

1 1:1, 3  noil  h.. 

Do. 

II 

13 

12    01 

till,  474 

132.  li 

112.0 

20,  U 

0,2 

271. 4  north.. 

Do. 

7 

14 

21    .'..') 

7.1, 342 

l.-..'i.  7 

129,  5 

2(1.0 

0,8 

312  Onorlh.. 

Stone  mound   ICxC 

H 

17 

28    U7 

ill.  f..-,2 

23(1,  3 

l.'i7.  (i 

20.0 

8.  1 

4 1(1.0  mirth.. 

Do. 

!• 

21 

47    ;i.1 

Il4,0ll.j 

3.-.0,  8 

I9«.  1 

20.0 

10.1 

58:1,0  mirth,. 

Earlh  mound.  12'x7'. 

10 

24 

03    !lj 

120,981 

442.  7 

218.4 

20,0 

11.2 

C92. :;  north , . 

Stone  monnil,  10', ,.(;'. 

" 

2.-1 

.M    30 

135, 8,V4 

500.7 

83:1.0 

SO.O 

11.9 

773. 5  north. 

Meriilian  of  lliitisli  ,-\stri)nomicaI  Stat 

on. 

• 


i 


! 


8?l 


-   I 


:1 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  14. 

1874. 

From  United  Statcn  Adrotwmicdl  iSlaHon  No.  13  {Captain  Oretjory)  to  British  Agtronom- 

ictil  Station  {Lieutenant  Galiccy). 

(ObMrvor,  Lloiit.  K.  V.  Orciiiiv— Tr.inslt  WUnlomaim  Sin.  So.  87.) 
AZIMLTHS. 


l)nte. 


I'ot-itlon  uf  instnniu'iit. 


1  f:HS  fict  o.ist  nn.1  11. -I 
r..i..  o'l  f«'<'t.  iHirlh  ill' rnttnl 
.luij     o    <     j;,.,u,^  ABlr.iiiuuii.al 

I  I     Muuuil  4U°. 


Positiul.  uf  niui  ti 


[u,»a  (eet  wrst  of  111. 
I      (ttruluriit. 


No  nf 
reutlings. 


Star. 


AKimntli. 


(        10  rolnris K.     2Wlo:il.O 

10      D  Ciiihil  E  .  'J*  •,' 

i       10   ;  ,  (;  piiei  K..  .vj.g 


riO 


fi  Vxw.v  MinortH W 

yi  Ui  8H3  Miuurls W 

Mi'iii  


A  lino  iicrpi'mlk'uliir  ti>  llio  nioriiliaii  tlirnngli  llii'  nioiinil  would  lioro  nii  nzlniiilb  nt  tlio  initial 
P'lint  iif 

Tlio  inarli  was  (iiyti  south  nf  tlio  tinp-nr 


41..  3 
41   J 


aiw  10  ao  0  i.  \".-^ 


•J70  00  03.  II 
1   4U  a  I.  II 


Tho  tiiii{;('Dt  WitH  mil  tlirou;;h  ii  point  :i7ti.5  ft't-t  uortli  of  tlin  ninrli. 


Dftte. 

rositlon  of  Instrami'nt. 

roHition  of  ninrk. 

No.  of 
ro.itlin;:s. 

Sinr 

Azilnulli. 

Jnly  10 

Stntlon  7 

Station  fi  

1         10 

I        10 

40 

Pnlarirt  

y    Coplici 

U  I'lwa;  Minnri)* 

)»  Ur.sa'  Miiiori:* .... 

Monn  

...   K.. 
....E  . 
...   W.. 
. . . .  W   . 

0      '          *' 

P!>  4'J  i;7.  II 
7(1.  tl 

;.7  tl 
.'.;.  0 

rnu>  nziiiuith  nt  ft  (li8t;inct 

P7  87;i  foot 

K>  41  ii;i.:i  ±  I".-.' 

Ml  1.1  il.7 

TiiDgout  north  'M"Ai.    Tliit*  firor  is  taki-ii  to  lie  the  huiii  ct'llii'  moin  ri  ilic  nziniulli  obHrirntiniiH  nt  Inith  cxliciiiilleB,  i.  *• , 
tho  wliulo  liuo  raa  iiurtb  I'.)",:i,  wliitli  givt's  at  Siutioii  7.  an  t-rror  ul  r*.'.i  fii-t  imi  tli. 

STATION  KUKOU. 

Thf  chaiiu'd  (.ff-i't  to  tin-  iiiimni)  trntn  Stnlion  7 3-)0.  0 

Tlu'  conijnin  (1  Dllcet  tn  thi-  nioum!  fmni  Station  7 21'J,  0 


TIh'  initi'il  point  w.n  nortli 11.  4 

Tlin  tMTor  ot  ii/itiiuth  w.is  north   H.  3 

Station  ciTorof  Iiiilinh  Astnmnmicul  Station  north   

TANtiKN'T  LINK  AND  MOUNDS. 


i:n.  0 
in.  7 

i:.o.  7 


^ 

■a 

|i 

t 

a 

4 

Distiinro?. 

£ 

.5  J 
V-  a 

■55 

"  0 

Vinnl  olTa  t 
tnnioniiit. 

KemarkA. 

s 

a. 

"     1 

H 

jr.  ch.  Lu 

Ferl. 

+  1 

+ 

_ 

_ 

3 

II  <i»  m 

la,  4.'i3 

4  :l 

2i3 

1.1 

14. 1  nortli 

Stnii.>monnt1. 10' 

■■■  «■. 

3 

0  37  so 

34,  13.') 

:i;.0 

011.9 

3.2 

7H.  3  north 

Do. 

9    49    l',i< 

r.0, 7!l!l 

70.  U 

90.0 

4.  P 

l4-i.3niMili 

1)0. 

4 

Vi    3'>    30 

0.1,  lilM 

lis.  .5 

117.1 

0.  a 

■JIR.  0  nori'i  . 

Ho. 

,i 

14    33    fi 

711,  ai<4 

l.W.  7 

130. 0 

7.1 

■it'.i  uoith  . 

D.I. 

1 

IC    51    41 

87,  !<7:i 

2iao 

1.18.7 

8.3 

349.0  north 

Do. 

I  - '-  i      5 '  i 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  15. 
1874. 

From  United  Stn:      Anfronowiail  Sttitinn  Xo.  14  {Captain  (hrpory)  to  Jiyitinh  Afitroiww- 
ical  Station  (Captain  Fcallicrstdnliaiir/lt). 

[Obsorvor,  I.ii'iit.  F.  V.  Ore™.'.— rrnnsil  Wilrili'miinn  8-ln.  No.  87.] 
AZIMUTHS. 


Dat«. 

Piwlllon  <if  hiBtrnmi'nt. 

rofilllon  nf  nitirk. 

Xo.  of 
ri'Uilhn;.<. 

Sinr. 

Atlmutli. 

July  IJ 

(  20  fuft  nortU  of  moniid 
i     4U0. 

11.3j.\5  feet  west  of  In- 
•trnmrnt. 

1        10 
I        10 

411 

Tolnrls  T. .. 

r  Ccpiii'i !■:  ■ 

,'  rr,-iiisiiiu.t;« w. 

} '  Ui'mi)  Miiioriii W . . 

Mi'on 

0      /         " 

•j;i  .17  ,'ii.n 
.'ii.  I 
;i.v  4 

44.4 

•J7l  .'.7  40.  4  ±  tf'.U 

'i'uiif^ont  lino  WOH  rtin  tliroii;;)!  »  point  ri89  I'cut  noittlt  of  nmrk. 


nato. 

Positiiin  of  iniitruinent. 

PoHiliun  of  nmrk. 

No.  of 
roaiUn>tR. 

Star. 

A/liuu!li. 

July  17 

Stiitton  10 

Stali'-n  II  

f        '" 

I       1" 
411 

r.Oiiii^ 

X'Ci'liliii 

P  rr«:l'  MilliMiK  ... 
V'l'im'  .MIii.iilH  ,.. 

....V.  . 

. . . . i; . . 
...  w.. 

...w 

o    '       " 

•ii'.ii 

•Ji;'.l  M>  40.  1  ±  .V'.i 

•jiin  3,'i  ip.o 

31.1 

i 

100  130  '.i;.")  fiTt  

This*  ermr  w;>s  niailo  in  aiphlinj:  frnni  Stiiticm  H  to  Station  10.  n  I'ihtiinco  of  "A  milts,  nnd  ^ivcH  Stalinn  10,  norlh  nf  fnif  tan- 
gent O.'J  tft't,  ShUion  II,  n<»ilh  of  trno  l-mjicnt  0.1  fi-rt. 

STATION  Elinoii. 

Fffit. 

Tlii'clnino'l  olf-ct  tinn.Munlat  Statirni  11 ;i!M.3 

Tlio  I'lmipntcd  oll's.t  to  niouini  at  Station  11 5(14.5 


TIm'  initial  ^luint  was  north 

TliiMTnTi  I  uzirnnili 

Station  error  (if  llritihli  ANtronumir;!!  Station,  «iinth. 
TANCKNT  mm:  AND  MOUNDS. 


'-UO 

(..  1   2r^  4 


1 

u 

^ 

■g 

■/. 

IMslaiiccfl. 

1 

C 

'•;i 

riiiiii  od'si't 

tlMUOllIul. 

Ucm.irl 

s 

A 

^ 

2 

X 

'•J 

x 

M 

» 

Jf.  Ch.  I.ki. 

l\;l. 

+ 

_ 

:i 

3    4-J   ,'.i; 

H,(UO 

!I.O 

IS.Ii 

iiO.O 

■J!i.  OsMiilh 

Siitni-inoiiuil 

10' xc. 

r, 

a    3«    M 

4l.7rli 

.'..'..0 

41  8 

•-•O.O 

!l.  8  .'JDUtll 

llo. 

(\ 

10    tH    117 

.-ii.,'.i.-.(j 

i-ll.  1 

57.0 

•.•lul 

i-l  1  iiiirlh 

lio 

7 

l;)   oj   .1; 

t'-,  s'lr, 

l.»i.  1 

i:s.  0 

■-'11. 11 

411.  ■_'  iKirth 

Ii.i 

8 

17    4!)    4:< 

'.»,  O.'ti 

■j:i7.  r> 

i):l.  0 

■JO.  c 

1','4.  :>  minh  , 

Ho. 

a)  4ii  (IJ 

io-i,(i;7 

3  J4.  3 

10-1.7 

S»,  0 

l'.i."i.6iiortli  . 

Do 

111 

24    G4    47 

1 30,  !17.-) 

471.1 

i:il.o 

•M  0 

Hi 

31.1.  ii  norlli 

Do. 

11 

87     li!    71 

141,3119 

51)4.  5 

14.1.  8 

a).  0 

0.4 

3'.I4.  3  iiorlli 

Do. 

;   ■ 


!»:? 


yi 


UNlTIOn  STATES  TANGENT  No.  10. 

1874. 

This  Tanfimt  Iran  in  two  partu,  both  Marting  at  United  StatcH  Astronomical  Station  No,  15, 
at  the  Ettsi  Fork  of  Milk  River ;  one  part,  east  8.5  miles,  connecting  irith  Captain 
Fvatlitrstoiihaiiiili's  Tangent,  the  other,  icest  13.3  miles,  to  Lieutenant  Galtcey^s  station  on 
the  West  Fork. 

[Observer,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Orociio.— Trnuult  WUnlcmaau  8.|n.  No.  87.) 
AZIMUXIW. 


Vm 


July  31 


I'lisltlon  uf  Inntriimmil. 


;  »n  fiMt  wr»t  finil  la  1.5 

flit     north    or 
[     muunO. 


rosltlon  tif  nmrk. 


"'"    J     iuati 


fert  Pll8t  «!'  tlio 
mtruincnt. 


No.  «f 

n'ailinjjH. 


10 
111 
1(1 
10 


star. 


I'olnrls E  . 

y  Coplii  1 .K  . 

H  I'riui'  MInorlH W. 

y  Urwi)  iliuiirla W . 


Mriin . 


Xlin  nrlinutli  nt  tlilB  point  of  n  periirndlouLir  to  thu  merlillnii  of  CuptiUn  Grcgnn's  AHtrnnimi- 
ical  Muund 


Azimuth. 


83  10  48.  a 
.V,'.  4 
■18.4 
.'.7.  4 


88  10  51.  C  i  0".B 

m  60  M).  I 
1  30  68.  0  j 


The  tan^rnt  line  was  rnn  thruuRh  n  {miiit  411  fo<>t  nonth  of  mark. 
No  nzimutli  obHerrntionH  wcro  t.iki'u  nt  tho  OHHti-m  extrtMuity. 

No  azimuth  obftorvniiona  wcro  talioii  nt  llio  wcstorn  oxtri'niity,  tlio  sky  bi-ing  oloady.    Thu  touijeut  was  cbockt-ti  in  azi- 
ninth  on  LicuttMiant  Gulwey's  moriilian  niui  Ibuud  corri'ct  Hitliii;  10". 

STA  nOX  EUROU  EAST. 

Fftl. 

luitinl  point, north IJXS 

CoDiputt'd  oll'ael  for  distancu  44,703  feet 00. 1 

TTiiitcil  States  dctcrmlnatiini  of  49",  Rontli li^.  1 

DiMtnni'i!  I'roni  extremity  to  liritisb  di'turmination  of  40°,  south  —  r>(i7. 0 

Slationcrror  United Stites  Station, north Ku^.o 

STATION  EUKOR  WEST. 

Onmpnted  ofTsot  duo  to  distnni'c  70,05>;i  feet 1-4.  7 

Initial  point,  north l-H.  ti 

UnifedSta     .  dotermlnnlion  of  40<3,  north  of  taoKeut ll..** 

Aetuiti  oll'i.'i  to  mound,  Hduth IX). 'i 

Station  error  Brititih  Stutiun,  south ltjti.7 

2*,>4 


■     i 


UEroUT  OF  THE  cniRF  A8TUONOMKIJ. 


22.") 


United  NldtcM  Tanjiimt  A'o.  l(t — Coiitiuued. 

TANOKNT  LINE  (EASTI  ANH  MOUNDS. 


1 

niHUinooA. 

1 
t 

^ 
1 

1  i 

La       Vlnnl  ofllwl 

®*£      :      lU  IDOIUUl. 

Ill  miirka. 

4 

a 

M.  Ch.  7,1..  1      IWI 
S    iU    11           i;i,1H7 

.TJ.  0 
4.1 

ino.4 
41.9 

lii:i.a    lii7.0M>iitli  . 
I3U.  S     IMl.Mwaitll. 

Stiine  anil  onrlli  nioiiiul.  W,<(V. 
Nlouoniiiuiul,  ((Vxii'. 

TANOENT  LINE  (WEST)  ANI)  MOUNDS, 


DiRtanorn. 


il.Ch.J.la. 
I   (III  :irt 

4  l!l  1H 

7  17  Kl 

!l  08  O.'i 

11  '.'I  40 


Feet. 

4 

n,  0(11 

i!.i; 

S-.'.,'.ri7 

14.0 

;w,  i:i7 

30.(1 

4^,  111 

Oil.  11 

70, 0.VJ 

i;ii.  7 

•St.  0 

5;i.u 

IHI.  6 

1 14.  r> 

Hid.  7 


■9  J 
"S'9 


lull.  Si 
l-.'ii. '.' 
IVKi.  g 
l'j:i.i! 


Klnnl  iilTHOt 
to  uiuiiiid. 


m:i.  n  Hiiiiih 
ii>-j.  aHiiiitli 
171. 1  miiilli 
174.  1  fiilllh 
I3.V*J  KUUth 


RomnrkH. 


Stoni'  ninnnil,  Hi'xC. 

l).p. 

I)o. 
Enrth  moinul,  1'J'X7'. 
Mfii'illinu  BriiiHli  AHlrnnoniical  Stnlion. 


.« 


M' 


N  n- 


■  15 


n 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  17. 

1871. 

From  UnllaJ  States  Asl>v)wm ival  Station  Ko.  10  (Captain  Gregory)  to  Britinh  Astronomical 

Station  {Captain  Featlurxloiihatigh). 

[ObsiTvor,  Lieut.  !■'.  Y.  Gri'ciu'.— Traiiftit  ■\V".iiHMii'iiin  8-Jn.  No.  87.]     • 
AZI.MUinS. 


Date. 

Position  of  ii:striinioiit.  i       FositioD  of  mark. 

X,..  <,f 
n'atlir.t;a. 

St.ir. 

Azimuth. 

July  85 

M.5f..,.M„.,-,.„r«...  ) '^;^i:;;;r"'""'f '"• 

(     10 
I      10 

:io 

rolaris E.. 

a  ITrt.x  Miiioris W.. 

y-  UiB.i>  MioorlH W.. 

o       1         n 
208  43  4iO 

54  8 

Sl.'iin 

•JC.8  .l;!  4a  9  ±  1".  J 

1 

Tuh.'cnt  line  ruu  through  n  point  208.25  f-'o(  north  of  the  murk. 


Station  1)  of  tho  tunjirnt  was  iin  ti.n  i...  i- ".inn  of  tlioti  rniiiial  in>iiil  of  niangcnt  run  rn.st  by 
*,'aptain  FcuthiTslouhnuKh.  Tho  azimuth  was  tlirt'lieil  Ikti*  1  >•  luittiiif?  a  ntnko  on  Unltcil 
Statt'fl  tanf  -iit.  on  (lio  rot-riilian  of  next  liiitish  tanp-nt  sialic,  nicaKniiiijf  tlio  diAtauco 
lietwtMMi  tlin  '.\\t»t:inj:»'nl3uteac''  point.  By  tht'ne  moans  tht.  azimuth  of  tlio  United  Statofl 
tniim-nt  was  foniul  to  lie 

True  azimuth  Icr  KtlL'-IO  foet 

Azimuth  trror . 


Lc.  _'th  of  Captain  I'Vnllit'rst<Hiliai;i;h's  tanpont  ia. 
Le  .t;th  of  Lii'uti'niinl  Cn  i'ni'«  tanjiciit  i.s 


i-a  ,11  10.3 

to  ;i4  4li.  0 

29.8 

'--r^  t^r=.':z^. 

Feet. 

2l,4riO 

n-j,;;',:o 

Total  U-niitli  of  laii;;('ut. 


3  :  m 


STATION  ERROR. 

At  St.ll ion  0.  tlic  (iiHtance  from  T'uiltMl  StatPs  tanppilt  to  Rriti'^li  (lotormiimtiuii  of  4)° 

Feel. 

T'lo  'iiitial  point  wan  nortli  of  4;i'3 :J4.  .*i 

'J  luuvniputol  ofl'sit  for  11J,:II10  IVpt 340.0 

lUtitaneo  from  riiilod  Slatrs  tangent  to  ITuitoil  .States  dot orniiiial ion  of  19° 

Station  error.  Iliilisli  .VMtrttnomie.il  Station,  noiitli 

TAXOENT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


. 

$ 

la 

3 

IS 

r 

i' 

c 

^ 

5. 

rt 

c 

iti 

+ 

Feci. 

3 

10,  UriJ 

7.4 

A 

;i'i  'j.-io 

aft .'. 

4 

i\  749 

57. « 

.■s 

70,  ;l(i4 

l:i5. 9 

6 

112,3(10 

347.  3 

:ii2.i 


3 

y  1 

1 
1 

r 

Final  otTsct 

*o  IMMlinl. 

RoniarliR 

.. 

;«.o 

34  .') 

1.0.  7Bniitli.. 

Earth  amlHtono  inonml.  lo'  >  (!'. 

07.  :i 

34.5 

i3.  :i,io  itli  . 

Do. 

!•.',.  ll 

:i4.  .'i 

7>..'i»    ith   . 

Stone  nionnii.  10'  :•  0'. 

147.0 

34.  5 

4."i.  Of   ath  . 

No  nicmnii  loiilt. 

2:14. 0 

34.  5 

■H.i'nirlli  . 

liritiHli  inonmt. 

8S0 


I  J 


TTNITKl)  STATES  TANGKN'T  Xo.  18. 

IcSVl. 

From  Viiiii'il  Staten  Astronomiciil  StatUm  I\i>.  Vi  (Captain  (Smpry)  to  Britinh  Antfoiwmical 

tSUitiiiii  (Ijictitfiiaiit  Galiccy). 

(ObatTver,  Licul.  F.  V.  ("iri-eiie. — TriinBit  Wuiilcinami  r--iu.  No.  pT.j 
AZIMCl'IlS. 


Date. 


Auk.    3 


PoRition  of  inHtruitU'iil 


S4i  :tfL'pt  willtlinml  1,47!P  fffl  1 
on^t  of  Unitoil  States  astro-  > 
lioniicnllnoiiiKl.  * 


Position  of  nifirli. 


No.  of 
rciulill;/! 


Azinnitli. 


lo.do   f.M't   west  of  ill-  ;S     JU 
Hlniiiifiit.  '  ' 


1'ol;iris ]•; .,   -j-.a  01  ii;),7 

/(  rr»!i'  Miuori«.-'\V..  (ij.  n 

)'risiiMiiioii9..\V..'  (H,  ."i 


'JTO  01  113.  .I  ±  I".  1  ' 


\i      10 

!       :w  .M.iiii, 

Tlie  nziiuiitli  a!  tliis  point  of  uporptMulii'iilartotlir  iiKTiilianol  t'liitnl  SlatrHaHtronoinic.llmoucd.     270  00  17.3 

I  3  40.  S 

1 


'i'iin;:oiit  villi  tlii-on^ti  n  point  in. .'I  foct  Bouth  of  mark. 
Total  Icimtli  of  t  i-.i'ji'nt  Is  n),c.;io  foot. 

STATION  EUUOIl. 

Feel. 

Chaineil  oflsot  from  riiiti'd  Stitm  tan;:!-!!!  to  Ilritisb  A.-itroiioniira1  Station  40  ,  north 4.0 

ComputiMl  oOwt  fonlistaiioo,  t;i,l'.3l'i  foi't liJO.ti 

Inili.-ll  point,  south 4:1.3 


Station  error  of  Itritish  .VstruliorniiMl  Station,  soulli 

TANGENT  LINK  AND  MOUNDS. 


i.O 


1 

1 

d 

1 

a 

a  . 

Filial  ofl-xet 
toinounil. 

Kfllialks. 

o, 

c. 

■i 

a 

a 

S 

g 

« 

0 

o 

Si 

W 

— 

i'eel. 

+ 

+ 

■,  "CO 

II.  'i 

Iv     - 

4i3 

3.  3  south  . 

Stoiio  nioiiiul,  III'  ^  0'. 

.:7,OI'.'i 

:I7.P 

1!  .  ■: 

<•:.  3 

31.  1  soiltli.  . 

Do. 

:,^,  :io.-i 

ii;i  .1 

1 ;.!.  '.I 

4-J  3 

3!l.  Osoiitli   . 

Do. 

7 

81!.  .Vlil 

I-li.» 

Mi:>.  11 

4',>.  3 

Hi.  4 south   .. 

Do. 

f 

81l,U3ti 

8i!o.r> 

ai;.i.  0 

4'J.3 

4.0sonth  .. 

llritish ahlrononiical  iiiouiul—Mcriiliau. 

387 


,',  ! 


i  ''J,, 


11 W! 


sLii 
II 


'■  I 


.1 


i 


.!■-«;  1 


ft   , 


■) 


UNITED  STATES  TANGENT  No.  10. 

ISTl. 

From  United  i!>tatcs  Antroiwmical  Station  No.  IS  {Captain  Grainrij)  to  Jiritinh  Astronom 
ical  Station  (Captain  Feathcistonliaiiyh). 

[Observor.  Lieut,  !•'.  V.  Greeiif.— Transit  AViinlctininn  H-iii.  \o.  87.] 
AZIMUTUa. 


Datu.    1 

Positiou  of  inBtnitiifitt.       | 

Position  of  mark. 

Xo.of 
roiiiliiiKS. 

Star, 

Azituntb. 

All);,    n 

IKi.afti't  ncrtlumil  ITI.lll'cct  ) 
went  of  ruilr'i!  Stiifrt  Hs- ;■ : 
triiuoniical  tuouiid.              ) ' 

.iiuiuh  At  tliifipiiiiitof  tlio  pi;riM 

IH,3-.M   fi'ct,  west  of  iu- 

HlI'lUlK-llt. 

1      10 

:tO 

0  TIrsiD>riiinri8  ..W.. 

U  Ci'phii K  .. 

y  Ci-plH'i K  .. 

!i70  Jl  in.  1 
41..-. 
34.  U 

•J70  31  3-4.  0  1 1' 
26!)  5i)  5a  1 
34  33.  9 

.  ir. 

A 

nilienliir  t;>  the  iucri<li;iii 

thnm:;Ii  the  :istroiuituir.ll  moantt. . 

Tnngrnt  was  nin  through  a  point  184.3  foot  south  uf  mark. 


Dnto. 


Ponitinn  of  instrtiuront. 


I*o8ition  of  mark. 


A  Off.  i:t 


No.  of 
rotxliuKS. 


i  Terminal  point  rif  t;iii^ont  i !  I  1      in 

on  iiu'ihliiinnf  Ilriti.-li  an- V  On  tntigt-nt  - i      jj; 
ti'ouiMuicitl  ninurxl  l*r\        ) :  j  5 


Srnr. 


Azimulh. 


Pitliirir^ E  . 

y  Ciplu'i Tj  . 

(3    Vi-iiM  Miniuis..W. 
y*  UrfiD  MiiioiiH-.W. 

M.:.in  


Coniputud  aziiiuuli. 
Error  of  lino 


HI  3(i   1,'i.ll 

III.  a 

ill  1.3 
Hi.  8 

i-ll  311  lrt.5±l' 
B!)  33  27.9 
50.0 

.43 

STATION-  i;UROK. 

Thc^   Ilritlsh  nil   i",wt   lll,a;l4.il  fi'nt,  frniii  u  |ioint  13  Iwt  fttnt  anil 

II  tVi-I  sniitli  ct'  Ili'iti.sli  aHtrouoiuk-al  111(11111(1  411°.  Fret. 

Licutciiiint  (irc.iic'M  cliuii  iii^; 113,  'j-'il.  I) 

Britisli 10,  KH.  II 

Uritlsli  initial  point,  ca.st 13.9 

Total  Irn;:lli  of  tangent 130,  ll'.iti.  0 

Thi*  iiipiiHiircd  oft'm't,  norlli 

Initial  poiiil,  south 


Comiiiiti'il  oil'rtct  (liio  to  ilistanco,  north 

Stj\tion  "iror,  lliitisli  .\sti'oiioitiical  Station,  soutli 

TA.VOENT  LINE  AND  MOUNDS. 


Feet, 
cm.  '.I 
125. 3 

4-fl.  f. 
404.  li 


^ 

^ 

J 

n 

(g 

L. 

.S 

1 

1 
.1 

Q 

1 

Q 
C 
- 

2 

+ 

M 
+ 

I'innl  oirsct 
to  niollllil. 

KcnmrliH. 

Feet. 

f 

tl 

l",49rt 

9.4 

2.1 

12.'..  3 

130.  H north. 

Stoiif  mound,  10' /.'O. 

A 

4i,m;o 

41',  0 

4..M 

12,-..  3 

1  n-.  liioMli. 

Do. 

II 

.^H,  fTit 

95.  1 

0.7 

12.'..  3 

i  227.  1  noi  th . . 

1)0. 

<; 

74,  70H 

I.'*!.  2 

r*.  .-| 

12,-..  3 

2,"7. 11  ninth. , 

Do. 

I) 

H9,  035 

217.5 

10.2 

12.'..  3 

3.-i:l.  II  nort  h . 

Do.                                                         1 

1(10,  IKHI 

274.  .-1 

■1  5 

12.'..  3 

411.3noitli. 

Do.                                                         1 

9 

130,00R.« 

4r4.  (1 

,11 

12.5,  3 

:  iiUl.9north. 

M.riiliaii  llrilish  .Vstronnrolonl  Station.  ; 

UNITED  STATICS  TA.NOKNT  >(..  L'O. 

1874. 

From  i'nilid  iSUttts  AxtrDiwminil  Slaiioii  No.  1!)  (Captain  (Irajotii)  to  liritixh  Antroiwm- 

ical  iStation  [lAiutcntt'it  (lalircij), 

[ObHcrver,  Liwil.  F.  V.  tJict  m-.— Ti  iiimil  'WuiiU-iniuni  h  in.  No.  hi] 
AZIMUTHS. 


Date. 


Auk.   M 


Ponition  of  inBtruincnt. 


l^uBitiuii  (if  maik. 


No.  of 
n-udiiigH. 


<     li..n.  iniralmoiiii.l.  )[      ""•■""'»•  j         " 


)   (Vohci r.. 

l*«inrM K . 

0   l'ia;('  ^linoi-is  ..AV. 
V"'  Urwu  Miilot-iH  ..W. 


!  '        40        I  Mr:lll 

Azilliutli  lit  lhi«  })niiil  of  11  ptTlK'Hiiirulur  In  (lie  iiifiidiun  11iroil|;li  llir  iiHlroiKHiiH'al  iiiouuil  , 


Azimuth. 


O         I         It 

'-im  08  UH.  1 
■).-. !) 

l'J.3 


atl!)  .'iS  vlll.  4  ±  l".(i  ] 
aCO  5!)  5H.  .'i 

1  :i8. 1 


I     Dnte. 


TiUitrtMit  wiiH  run  through  u  point  h.:) 

i'lM't  uortli 

ot  111)  niuik. 

Position  of  iuBtrumeut.               Poaiiionof  uiuik. 

Xo.  of 
ri'iiiliugi!. 

Slur. 

Azimuth. 

C  Ijii.l  U'vt  iMs(  iinil  1-J4.1  fVct  )  ! 

<     Honth  of  III  ilisli  ithtiuntiiu-  >    titntion  :>  uf  tiin^ont 

i       Cal  UlMlllul.                                        >| 

1 

S     10 
(      6 

V  ('('plici  K.. 

I'oluiia !■;.. 

1 

0        '         (' 

SI  ac  41.7 

Ki 

H'.l  38  47.r.  ±  1.4 
HI  ;w  4(p.  4 
1.1 

I'oUil  liii);tli  of  tanjiout  1IS!,7H  foot. 

STATION'  i:itl!OI!. 

IWt. 
riKiiiifil  t!ist;uu"<  from  Uiiitt-il  Slatf^H  tiinp-nt  to  Itriti^h  ilt'ti-nuiliiilion  vy  . .  .  1-J4.  I 
fnlMpuliMl  ofl'.-.i't  for  llistlluCf  11-',714  fcit 348.7 

!iJ4.  (i 
3.4 


Initial  point  

Station  rrnir.  llritinh  Astrouoniical  St.itiou,  flout li 

TAXOENT  LINE  AXD  IIOITNIW. 


** 

1 

1 

i 

1 

i 

y. 

? 

<^  a 

Final  nflVol 

^'c 

toiuouiol. 

i 

p. 

e 

c 

1 

feel. 

.1 

_ 

4- 

17,  Till 

8.11 

3."..  8 

3.4 

'.'3.  8  Mint  h... 

A 

3P,r.in 

311.8 

73.il 

3.4 

33.  78onlh  .. 

'i 

M,  07-2 

Mi.  3 

113.  1 

3.4 

'.'3.  4  south... 

I> 

Ti.iiia 

l:iil.'J 

113.  8 

3.4 

l.^Houtb. .. 

F 

e.%  XM 

•JIK).  0 

17S.3 

3.4 

31. 1  not  111  .. 

B 

lOMiw 

308.4 

814.1 

3.4 

97.  7  lion  h   .. 

119,5(111 

n«,7i4 



1 

R.-aiiirUs 


Stoiii'  mound.  Ifl'xd' 

Slono  niotitid.  12' XC. 

Slono  tnoiind.  ll'XT. 

Stono  moiintl,  irx8'. 

Sloiio  inoiinil.  12'  -. "'. 

Sloiio  niiiiinil.  I'J'  ■  0. 

Trrininal  lojni  of  tanirttit 

Itiilisli  AKlrononiU'al  Station  niftidinn. 


U'i9 


m 


!  ' 


f  I 


1    .    i     i.:.:iil 


ii'-l  i 


i 


rs 


'K!„.i 


..J., 


,ii^ 


i 


CONNECTION  OF  AS  rK'OXO^riCAIv  STATIONS. 


DETAILS  OI-'   lilUTlSU   T.VX(ii:NT   LK.KS   AM)   MOUNDS,  COMPILED  I'lIOM    THE   KECORD- 
IJOOKS  OF  CAI'T.  A.  FEATllEKHTONlIArdll,  i;.  E.,  AND  LIEUT.  W.  J.  CiALWEY,  H.  E, 


BRITISH  TA^'Gl•;NT  Xo.  1. 

1S72. 
From  Lal<c  of  the  Wmnls  to  Pine  l!i(l(je  Asironomical  Station. 

(Troiiulitoii  &,  Siiiia  Trnrsit  Tlirndolitc  I'".  O.  Xi>.  l.-7n  livo  niiTtn:  l':iit  rii>«,  L:il;o  nl  lln>  Wciula  In  Kust  Kiisoau  River, 
oltSLTvev  Cul'tncl  Kfrii-i'l ;  V:\n  Sri'oml,  riiic  liidfro  to  Ktnt  Ilitsi  uii  liiver,  ('iNtiVi  r  A.  F"at!iiTMtiuih;ni^'!i,  K.  E.] 

AZlilUTII.S.— I'Ain'  I'lUST. 
I'l  lu)  nzinnillt  iii"  Tart  Kivst  wiia  checked  by  W.  J.  Oiiiwt'V,  It.  M  1 


Pati'. 
K(.b.   84 

I'lisition  of  hislrnmoiii.    i         Pusitioii  of  iiiatk. 

Star. 

! 
v\.zimutli.     1 

(  At    Tcrriiiiiiil    I'oilit,   17  i  >                                            | 

>     mill's  t.;i7'.'.b  fell  In  in    V  At  IMiillc  iioinl    •, 

(     Lak"  uf  \V™hI«.                )                                         ( 

1 

J     ,     /I 
e\)  41  47. 

CI)  41  49. 

^!)  4\l  5(1     ! 

(1  Vrntv  Mnjttlio — 

/:*  Vrsai  Mitmris 

1  01 

I 

Tim  (uiiticnt  w.'tH  iim  iliit  iij:h  n  \.i  inl  {I.ltW  ^  Cm-I  >;  ^iIi  1'  01" -)  -l.tl  iiuliit^  m  ii;1i  uf  I  he  mark,  t.i  within 
tlirct)  niilt'it  ul'  ttiv  Lakt;  ot  ihu  Wntidit,  uiul  luuiiil  curiret. 


I 


Date.         Ponitiim  of  inHtrunioiit. 


(      li.mriniiral.SlHlioii. 


\ZIMI:T1IS.— l'A!;T  .SKCON'l). 
Pottitiou  of  mark. 


Star. 


MC}.3j  cliaiiiH  went  (.f  ill- (     :>[  Ccpliri 

HtlMIIUMlt.  t       .")1    C'l'[)ll(  i 


Aziiiiutl). 


21)!)  50  OO.  93 


MiMP    i  3119  ,'i8  fiA.'iTi  I 


Tiic  toii;:c)it  wn.s  jinijoiitfod  on  the  corrcil  aziiniitli  to  K.t.st  Kosciu  IliviT.     ,V(i  i-ci-iir.l  of  Iliia. 

STATION'  EUKOK. 

tWt. 

Vurt  Sm'Oinl  i-tarlcfl  imrth 77. 

(Xlirl  line  til  iti«tiiljci> IIU. 


Part  S-onnil  smith  ct' 40= 

Part  S.  ciiiiil  Min  Ih  i.f  I'ari  First  , 


Uiri.  (ill 
Offwt  fiT.iM  I'urt  Kii,:  ilui'tiiiliBlaiicB aW.iW 

Stiitii'n  crrnr  Pino  Riilg«  Astiniiotnical  Station,  north  38f'. 


?  iWi*.  ? 


1 


KEFOKT  (»F  rHK  CUIEr  A,STi{ONO.MEK. 

Bylti.ili  Tauyent  No.  1— Conliiiued. 

PaKT  FUiST—m-FSETS   hi  lAl;  \i.I,Er. 


281 


g  » 

1 

1     .5 

«»  a 

s 

!       (>. 

5 

■?l 

e.^ 

I'iiijl  direct 

Il4 

Sa 

.1-" 

In  fMet. 

£ 

n 

O 

•.ri 

-r 

+ 

00.  "■;.■! 

li  IT 

IS  !):!."  Lorl  11. 

* 

ai.  -M 

oo.w 

3(;  r..i 

*Xii  lionli 

IJ.  2J 

4ti.75 

CO.  Ill    liul.'li 

■> 

w.  i:) 

CO.b? 

fO.  t'')  iMji-Hi. 

a:.  r« 

7:i,  01 

ion.,'-,o  Doith. 

:r,'.  .-io 

H.-J.  Bt 

I2'i7l   niirtli. 

•If-nb 

!iv.  :.j 

110. HO   iiurtli. 

;'-'■'   i 

T(l!l..'4 

ni.  5.1  north 

!i.>l  71 

ia:-'.2l  rmtli. 

,"-•"   I 

i:i:).Sd 

sac.  I.',  rcpvt'i.. 

llU.lifl    1 

.l(i.0.i 

iii9.:«    1 

ir)rt.sj 

2SV.  .•!(;   urn  111.. 

IM.OO    1 

170.  :i9 

:«o.:!!i  iioitli. 

i;s.i'o  1 

isi  :m 

in.-..'j'3   1 

I'M  7) 

;i'ji'.  I..*)  nuiDi 

ir 

SiO.SJ    1 

so(j.  no 

427. 4:i  r.oii:i 

17.20 

9S7.C(i    1 

aio.  00 

tiT.liO  noitU. . 

K<-inark?( 


No  poat  wui  liso-1.  tl'.Tr,.  being  no  linn  ^r, 
Fjirth  laoiind. 
Earth  ruoaud 

IrjD  pillar, 
Eurtli  inc-uml. 

!  Karthnijund, 

Iron  piil.ir. 
I  I'orf-  f;£(.'(l  by  A.  F.-iil!H'i'Ntnnhant;li,  h.  !■;. 


PAliT  SECOKP-OFVHKTS  To  I'.rKAr.Li:!,. 


s« 

a 

i       g 

C: 

te 

b. 

3 

.1* 

« 

R 

,c 

.^ 



.1/    CA. 

JU.  Ck. 

4- 

142.  J 

1"  20,  M 

K'li.  0 

i;>2.  .'ie 

21  00.  00 

10  72.05  east,.. 

PO.  04 

7.'.(l..'i7cast... 

45.  48 

03.71 

2!)  00.00  i 
.•"O  0(1  00  j 

1?  01.01  enst... 
2  7S.  05  ca.)l  , . 
1  73,05  caft  .. 

■-.•'.00 
iJli.  44 
08.  70 

73.  59 
35.87 
?!3.  U 

U  -,0.  4!'  west  ,  . 



I'iuiil  iitrwl,  i.i  I 

I'ftt. 


Jvem.it'ks 


Earth  niouiiil. 
■  InHi  pilliir. 

--'  K.irlli  mil 1. 

..    Iron  pillar. 
..|  Karlh niuuiid. 


i'i  CT 

m 

'  i  If ^ 

1    ( •< 

ii'i 

i  i 

'■;i 

I'l 

:J 

i     'I . . 


I|H 


I* '.I 


J       «. 


1  ! 
I  ill   I 


UlilTlt::i  rANdlONT  No.  li, 

I87;5. 

Flulu  Joint  Anlronomicdl  Slalion  Xo.  1,  nt  HvA  River,  to  Joint  AHtronomical  Sluliun  No. 

L',  la  I'oinlc  Michel. 

(Obii-iviir.  I.iiml.  W.  .1.  (i.iln.y,  li.  l:._'l'caii«ll   IlM'OiI.ilitu  7ln.  I '.  ().  No.  ;l.| 

AZi.Miniis. 


Moy   '£) 


VmMUm  nt  limlrtiiiH^ril. 


I'OHitioll    III'   IIIJtiL. 


InHtr..,M..Mlu„:./.irnMrl,,H.it     J  ^V-^'' l.mtM.m.-nl  :i.r.7y  :. 


.Vo.  of 


PiiTiiriH 

I'olutl-i 

l'..I..riM 

a  CiHiit  Mujoiii  . 
i  I'irtiu  MirKnitf . 


Mr-:,ii 


Azliuiitli. 




0       '        It 

UTO  00  :iO.  It 

lil.O 

III.  II 

iil.:i 

W70  oil  17.11 

Tiiii'iciit  WUH  iiiri  tliriiii;!!'  u  iHiiiit  i:l,.'>7'J.-'i  I'l.  y.  hiii  I7",ti)  J. II  in.  Hoiilh  (if  Iho  iimrk. 

'riiii  liilipi'lit  wilH  chci'ki'il  lit  I'liiiitr  Mm  Iii-l  liy  i ii]iriillii({  tin-  uri(:li!  Iirlui  i-lt  it  ]il)(t  Itii'  Mil  Ni'l  iniTiiliuii. 

lU-tiiilt:  Tiiiijft'tii  riiiiiiiitK  north  1 1".!-. 

KlAriiiN  i:i:l;i)it. 

Feet. 

Mi'iisiinil  ili^liiiK'ii  I'liiiii  li>iiiiiiiiil  iiuiiitiil  liiiii{i'iit  III  III" '>li.  711 

'li(iii;i-iil  nl:tlti-il  imrlli   tU.-J."! 


UllHiil  iliii'  til  ili.Htani'i'  -M  111.  l<7.'i  ft 


Slaiioii  I'lnir      

S'.jitiiill  friiir  liy  l.lriltrliaiil  lilvi-iiirH  llllipillt  . 


Mi-ali  HI  at  HIM  I  inir,  .Miclul  linrlli       

Moiiiiili*  WITH  liiiilL  liy  Lliiiiti-uuiit  (frriiiie.     ISi-u  IiIh  ri-porl,  |iii;;4i  ^MH.) 


:i  I'J.  II I 

am.  ii7 


;it.in 
:>^  114 


ZW 


1 


IJUI'I'IHII  TAKdKNT  No.  .{. 

Fiimi.  Juiiil  Ahtroiiiiinical  tStiilioii  Aa.  'J,  at  Mirlul,  In  ootn    Aslioiiowiatl  tSlalii>u  AC  '.'>, 

I'niihiua  Mouiilaiii,  cant. 

irn.iinlitKii  .V,  .-^iiuH  Ti«ii»it  lhc».cl.ilili',  7  in.  K  O.  Nn  ;i.-()l.*  rvi.r.  W  .1,  (JaUi-j  ,  l;,l':  | 

AZIMinilS. 


I'tmitidtl  (if  llmlnitlHlJlt 


riiKiliiin  (if  niark. 


N.I.  (if 

IciullllKK. 


Slnr. 


llmtniinclit  nil  imll'iitKiiniiJAl  :  :),iri't.7  ffi-l  VM-H(.  (il  ihnKii  •!  I'nlittiH     . 

liiuiidiitii.  iiiiirit. 

t'iiiti-.(l  SliitrndoU-Miiilialion. 

I 

I  I  i  M.-iiii 

'riiuj;'""^  wjiH  run  tliri>iif;Ii  iinml    ■((.—  itirh;-H  cinitli  of  (hi-  ui.irk. 

At  .Iiiiiil.   A'ih(iji(itnir;il  StiiMon,  r<-riil)iiiit  Moniilatn  <-ii>il.  Itio  ixUiiU^  hrtwi  ti  IIid  titti^t'tit,  uiifl   lln^ 

ttHlHiiiniiiK-.'il  iii>  ijtlijdi  <(l  1  'iiptitiri  rr.u;hv;iHU'iilifiU|;h  ^it\t}  thi)  azitiiiitli  ol  Lmij^nnt 

I'liU)  a/.itiiiilli  «iint  III  itiMtuii!  «j 

Axliiiiilli  i-rror  to  north 


Af.iiiinlli. 

'lO  01 

.•i.'i.  1 

!.U  Ul 

;,:,.  1 

MP  ■).-. 

•ji.  :i 

K'.l  41 

)».:i 

:iu.  0 

I'liiH  i-rtui  wiiH  (;onNi(lrr>:(I  CiUtiitiLillvn,  iiml  wtii  <]intrjtMili;(l  nl  imcli  utiiliiiii  ittnixiilinnnlly  lu  Uh  dintaiu't-  fifin  Mii  ))<*I. 

SI  AilON  KKUOIi. 

'I'hti  uilJuHt<-<i  tJUi'.'cnl  w.'iH  ;<l  r'Miiliina  Motititiiin,  i^iMith  ol  -Vi^ 7it.  11 

Kiior /il'iiiili.il  jM.iiii  iioiTii    4U.  3 

l-^l.  1 

Oll'aut  iliiu  lo  "liHtjiiict!  I7rt.l.*i 

Slatloii  uriui  l*tMiihiii)i  Mminlalii  iVMUrainiitiiMl  StHiiMii,  H.iutli     ri.'.O.'i 

OI  1  SKI     lO  I'AKAM.KI.. 


t 

3 

2 

d. 

M 

«/i 

'.'1 

!lll 

•Jj 

Ml 

i;:i 

110 

\n 

iin 

•j.i 

(1(1 

'JV, 

i:i. 

•SI 

(Ill 

VK 

oil 

•M 

00 

■m 

oil 

:ii 

oil 

■■n 

(HI 

:i:i 

(III 

:il 

III 

;ir. 

00 

a 

a 

2 

J 

es    1 

a 

II 

A 

— 

4 

liori 

!l 

n-:\ 

ir. 

li:;i 

'^11 

4i:i 

,'.'» 

i-.i:i 

HI 

mil 

:iti 

■,":i 

41 

;.ii:i 

4(. 

hi;i 

r.i, 

iv:i 

•101 

i\j 

IK) 

iu 

«i:i 

r\ 

■Ml 

Tf< 

:••£! 

3  a 


•I- 
(I.  fiU 

a  liH 
li.  :il 
il.-ii- 
If-  17 
V!l.  Mi 
::(;.  ii 


cl  I  =1 


'3  t  ' 

^  B  !    I'illM   (iIImI, 

,    t^  i       in  liil. 

I  M  I 


:t  I 
n  7 
10.  :i 
I.I. '.I 
17.  r, 
rii.T 
i  I  7 
u-,  :i 
:il.(i 
:rr  .'i 
:i!i.  I 

4-'.  7 
10.  :i 

111  !l 
.Vl.  .'i 


i  40.  A 
I  <B.  ."i 

411.  ri 
I  iii..'i 

4(1.  ."i 

4(i.  .'. 

4li. ,'. 

,  40  .'i 

40  .', 

I  40.  :• 
411.  :i 
41).  :■ 

'  40.  .'i 

\  40.  .t 

40..'. 


4'l.  11(1  wmlli. 
,'iii.  (ill  Hdiiih. 
i>o.  i-ri  Nuiiili. 

4'l.  .'il  miillli. 
4li.  70  HiiiKli. 

40  :M  iiniilli. 

:ui.  i.'.i  Willi  ii. 

•J*!,  47  Hdlldl. 

i!".  77  ni.iilh, 
10.  Om  iiimiIIi, 
(111  1(11  IliMlll. 
11  'i:i  odiil). 
•J-  41  mil  111. 

41  4'i  Odllli. 
OMU  iiurili. 


S'vie.-  Thv  iidu  iiiunuuniiiH  \^<-iu  (iubii>'(tu(«nl1>  (.'n:iil<i4(|j<4iDilfJUit  dlM  linkii  wont  dt'  Ilii'  .ilmvi'  juitnu. 

■,';i  I 


r^m 


f 


\4 

( 

in 


,   \'iUtiii 


JiUITlSlI  TANOENT  No.  4. 

1»73. 

From  Pembina  Mountain  caul  to  I'l.  'Iiiiia  liicur,  conneclinij  with  Livulcnunl  (Jrecnt's 
Tumjott  from  I'embiiui  Mountain  icent. 

[Trouglitun  &  SitiiH  'i'mnBit  TlxMiilfiliUi  V.  0.  N(i.  1.  -OljHcrvcr,  A.  l-'tathftrHtoDliuiiKli,  It.  K.\ 

AZIMtnllS. 

'1  ho  nziiniitli  ui  iiijltal  piiiiit  witn  (IcK-nnini-d   liy  oIihi-m  iiiu  (in  fiit-niiicil  nu liiliiin  witli  nn  afttroDonilcal  traiittit  niid  rend 
iDK  a  BurieH  uf  angli'U  tulHi;i-ii  ttiiH  inuridiuli  iiiid  thii  tjii>]4Mit  uh  1.,1Iii\vi4; 


race  ri'/ftt. 
fcU  .',()  37.  i 

S!7.  .1 


I'acii  U'/t. 

!•:>  .vj  M. :, 

.',0. 
40. 
■10. 
33. 
4JS. 
60. 
40. 
87.  .'i 


Menns,  89  w  :i7. 5      i-'J  w  4:i.  1 


Moui)  (if  abovo  (((cnnH 

ObHurvcd  HziiiKith  of  niurididn . 


V.I  U'J  ■10.  Ki 
00  00  O'.l.  2 


Azllmllh  (if  tniii;('lit 870  (K)  ac.  75 


The  ((Uicciit  waft  r(in  tliroiiLili  n  iiuint  li.M.')  iiii;1ic5(  luirth  of  tl(c  (iijtrk  to  I'cddiidii  I^iv(>r.     A  lino  connnctiii;;  uith  thin 

tjill^CUt  Wlltt  riHl  ■■.■i^t,  fiooi  l't^((]hill.1  Mooiltllid  Weil,  hy  f.iclltcd.'int  i'llf'Vlw. 

Tho  p.ir.'illct  wiM  ridtrkud  withiiiit  Htidiori  onor,  nciir  tho  lant  iiickct  of  Liudtfididt  (irctnjo'H  lino.    It  wah  ai;n  cd  to  con- 
(«idcr  thin  ttiu  ti kb  40^. 


STATION  KKllOll. 


Feet. 


MeaHiii-cd  oil'Met  from  r.itM(teii(Uit(Jr>  (>no'H  tddKcnt  to  ■IK^ 00.  (iH 

Etrorof  iiiitijil  |.oidt  couili.  Iti.  04 

17.  ta 
OffHOt  ddo  to  difcliido  i>  TdiicH  a,o,-.',  feet fJi.  li 

StAtiod  (jrror,  rodihioii  Moant.-iid  wt  Ht,  Hoiilti 7:1.74 

OKI.SKT.~l  TO  I'AItAI.LKr,. 


in- 

•r 

.= 

3 

a 

c  a 

in 

*•* 

H  i 

- 

Xi. 

l-i 

■_  = 

«  © 

Itf'umrkfi. 

E..5 

i 

rt 

u  a 

'it 

1 

*-• 

^ 

Ui 

fcl 

M.  Chi. 

\- 

• 

1     Oil. 

(l.H 

p.n 

|(i.  !t 

•».  1  north. 

1   r,.-i,rii 

•J.  .'i 

l.V.I 

S. !» north. 

:i  iKi. 

(I.H 

8."..  7 

ii.  0  Bouth. 

4  .-17.  so 

i.i.a 

;iH.  1 

0.0  Hoiilh. 

5    oil. 

10,1 

41. :, 

7.  r>  tifiiitii. 

n  00. 

87.  .1 

:,\.i) 

7.  2  Houlh. 

7     111.  40 

40.  ! 

ni.H 

4.  H  MOlltll. 

P    00. 

4H.  0 

ll".  H 

.').<!  HOIlth. 

8    4.1.  fl 

.'.li.  rt 

7:1.7 

IC. !» 

O.OHOUth. 

•JS'i 


niMTI.SH  TANdKNT  No.  5. 

is;;;. 

From  iSltupi/  IliiHiiw  AHtronomical  Stalion  to  Astroiiiiminil  tSlittUtu  Tiirik  Mountain  vunt, 

ITroii^liliin  k  SimHTlN.  TninHit  Tlifoclnliliv  K.  ().  Nii,  J.— OliMTvor.  W../.  fiulwi'y,  I!,  i:.) 
AZIMIJTH.S. 


{     Diito. 

I'oHiliftii  of  inHtrtimoiit. 

(  IiiF«rrn[iii'iit  on  inftidhili  of 
<     Ar^lioiiortiinil  .Slutioii  lit 

(        SI.M^II.V    Hollow. 

PoHltJoii  of  tiiiirk. 

Htni'.                    1    Azlmiiib.       Weight. 

1 
.liil.v     .-. 

hj.'.M  flit  ivcHi,  of  iriHliii  ) 
(     intent.                                 t 

x'Copiifi 1  a;o  (10  17.  a)             i 

roliiriH 1           a-iaa            y 

•jio  Oil  •■11.  :i   1 

n/inniOi 


tiin^i-nt  wan  run  ltit-n(iL:li  n  nolut  f;!,:{(i')  x  Hiti  tVlfT".:))  ~  ^1.7H  in.  Htiiith  of  tlio  miiik  to  n  putnt  I'J  miIIi-h  wi-nt,  >vlinn 

nliM  rviitiniiH  wtTd  lakcii  Willi  tlii^  tVtllowirii;  n-Hiilt: 


IllU.-. 

I'oHitidD  nf  iimtruiiiciit. 

J'riHitiuri  of  mark. 

1 

Stiir. 

Aziiuutli.       W«!l;lit. 

July      Vi 

I'olariH  . 

r,       1         II      . 

^9  48  02,7    

,                  10. 3  i 

i             I 

rill. 

l'"(r.ltliurh 


t:ilti:r'nt  waH  mil  to  AHlroiioniir-n1  Ktiition  at  I'lirtlo  Alountaiii  caHt,  ^vhi  ri- tlio  azimutlt  uiiH  <:xaiiiiriftl  liy  ('n[iruiti 
,tonliuii(;li  and  nil  i^norof  7"  foiitiil,  wliicli  wa.s  iiuj{li>ctoil. 

.STATIO.V  KliliOIt. 

Feci. 

MiasiimlolTKi-t  aM(!Tliiiijal[ioiiit  of  tari);i'nt  tO'l!i° II(i.7h 

Krior  of  initial  point  north W,  Ifi 

II..!.  Ill 
Offmit  iliii'  to  ilixtanci',  'J0.:n3a  uiilt3 W'i-i.  V.\ 

.StAti.iii  rrror,  Tiirtio  .Monnlain  ijlHt,  AHtroiioinical  Sljitioii  Hoiilh I.V.I.  a.'i 

OFI'.SKX.S  '10  I'AIJAI.I.KI.. 

i 


3.9 
•S.2 

1 

= 

£  . 

=  1 

S.S 

Kinal  ollsct  in 

i   fl   = 

=  'M 

firt. 

ill 

0 

'J 

■J5 

El 

^n.  fHi 

-1- 
0.77 

7.70 

wi.  Hi 

U).  l.'lHOUlll. 

li:ii.  Ill 

:i.  (Hi 

I.-...V! 

.V,'.  10 

04.01!  Houtll. 

■J  to.  nil 

11.  rO 

si:i.  'J"» 

:.i.  10 

OH.  .'..'i  Kolltll. 

:i'jii.  nil 

l..al 

;ii.in 

5^.  Hi 

■.O.IIOnonth 

nil.  IH 

•-•0. 1.-. 

;)!!.  Kl 

Wi.  10 

71.1-1  Hoiilli. 

l.■^l.  17 

'J !..'.« 

4;).!(7 

.'iii.  Ill 

71. .^7  fcoiilli. 

.'ilHI.  I II 

a7.  .'.0 

.'il.XI 

:a.  Hi 

liH.OO  Honlli. 

mf.  iiii 

r.i.iti 

(i:i.  H  1 

.'.a.  IB 

01.^1   HOIIlll. 

7il.-.1l 

71.  14 

71.  Kl 

Vi.  16 

,Vi.  H.*i  Honlli. 

"r-O.  no 

!«.  :>1 

e.'j.  'M 

.VJ.  Hi 

14.117  H.iith. 

!i:i:i.  i-.i 

111  1.  '.M 

III).  ."W 

5iHl 

:(H.  ,11  miilli. 

l.iiin.i:! 

lj:i.  fH 

!H.  (i:i 

r.-.'.  10 

■40.  Ill  HOIIlll. 

1,0111.77 

1  i:i.  :u 

iiiii.'ji 

,VJ.  Hi 

l.'l.  114  HUlltll. 

1,'JIII.  IHI 

17-.'. -,0 

mi. 'ij 

:a.  Hi 

u:t.  liu  north. 

1.  •J';:i,  '- 

I'.il  ii.i 

\-ix:ii 

:,'i.  Hi 

IH.  :.o  noiMi. 

i,:i.-7.'.iii 

'.':«!.  :iii 

i:ii.  i;u 

:a.  Hi 

41.  M  iiorih. 

1,  tm.  no 

•Jlil.Ol 

III.  .Ml 

Wi.  Hi 

00.  HI  north. 

I..-III.I).-. 

•.'■■.I.  ly 

1 1!..  :i  1 

Wi.  Hi 

*>!*.  1-J  north. 

1.  till.  11 

Jal.  Ill 

l.-iii.  J.-) 

5i  HI 

110.7''  north. 

S'.tl  —Till'  iiiitiiUfI  111  twi'i'n  Sli;o|iy  Ifullow  ainl  'rmllo  51otintain  wan  ntil>si-<|uctil)y  ninrknd  hv  nioiiiiilH  !)  li;pt  in  iliam- 
t'tiTaiiii  0  li'cl  lii^ii,  Willi  III  lino  anil  tri'iirli,  lit  llio  follouitiu  ilihlaliii'H  I'toin  initoti  point:  '.!40.P0  ch'ailiR,  l.'kl.n  cliaini*, ''.7H.00 
I  hailiM,  0:i;'.OI  rliailm.  1  *JO-l.()0  i  liaiilH.  anil  M-O.OO  ihaii/a.     .Ml  otiiir  tnoiiniU  wiTo  lii-ilroyml. 

•j:!,'. 


'!'> 


I' 


m 


iiy 


1  it- 


'I  Pi 


*  ' 


iUUThsii  tangi;nt  No.  o. 

IMT.i. 
From  Turtle  Mountain  Kunt  toward  Turtlr  Mountain  WchI. 

I'l'luuiihtull  &  KIliJH  I  JuliHit  Tliiiictirljli'  ]'.  O.  Nil.  I  — OliHilMr.  A.  I  i'HIIiiTkIiiiiIi;iii|;Ii,  It.  l:  ) 

AZIMUIIIS, 

Tim a/iiitiilh  iir  jniiiul  |iiiiriL  wan ilrtrrniiiii'il  liy  ii  m'lii'H  iil'  un^liH  bi-tui-i-ii  tlir  iniTiiliitii  iil'  aMliiiuniiiittil  tiiiiiiiii  iiiiil  llin 
taii{;i'itt  uu  fiflluWH. 

J'tife  Tijfl>t.         I'UKf  left, 

B'J  .W  .'lO  M)  .Ml  1 .2.  ,1 

9U  O.'i  M  Ifi.  S 

Wl  1.1  :iU  Oi 

r.rt  f.u  tt)  00 

.'iH   .')7.  .'> 

Mnuim,  80  Sa  U).  0       HI  .'lU  00 

o     t        It 
Mvtiti  (if  iiliiivo  Ilti'rtllH *"U  ,'iH  r»!l.  75 

Aiiiiiuiliiii  iiii'iiiliuii Xi;i  i'j  o;i.  M 

A/.ilnillli  III' fuil^^i'lif    'rillUUUl.t 

'rlin  tiin^i'iit  w;ifi  iir()l(iii'.ii'i1  tin  IIiih  ii/.iiiiinli  iifiiMit  -Jl  niili-H,  win  ni  it  \\n\  <-nniiiM:(iMl  wilti  l.icnli-naTit  (tri'i'riti'n  tiui^i  lit 
luii  fUHl  froiii  Turtld  Mouriluiii  wi-h1.    A  7.1  mi  nth  (il)Hfi\;iii(iiiH  wi-ic  liuii:  taUiiii  liy  .Mr.  Kiiit;,  with  lultiiuiii^  i-t.>Hull>4; 


m 


Date. 


INmitlaii  ol'iUHli-unicnr 


hilluu  of  umrk. 


I 
On  t.iii^rol j  On  lan^i-nt 


Htiir. 


Aziniutli. 


(        Pollirin 

I   A  ('rnii'  Minorfu 
I'll  ••'■1'1'"1 


Mi^ait 


'I'rnn  azininlh  . . . 
MiTiir  in  a/iiniith 


t'J  M  111.  7.'i 

ll.'i  (l(i.  'JO 

:)l  .'.Ii.  7.'i 

;i.')  s.-,.  7.-. 

i-o  :i.-.  ;h.  «.'. 

m  :m  n 

4-'.  :i.'i 


'I'ht'  lrn;:tli  iir{,'aiitjiin  I'l  iithprhlnnliaiiKirM  tan^iMit  wiih 

Tlui  li-ii|;lh  111'  i.li-nli.-nant  (iiMiiio'ii  tftli^rlit  uim 

l>lHtaniai  lii'lwciiii  HtatiiiaH,  Tiirlli'  Miiiintain  t  a^-l  anil  Turtle  Mniiiil.iiti  wi-r^l . 

Si'ATIO.V  KlCUill;. 

MraHnrril  iiir^i't  fniin  I.triiliiiaTit  Ori'oni;'H  linn  tii  l;i'^ 

Mi-aniuril  iitlnut  liiini  liiilii.li  laiii^rnt  111  L'tiiled  Stutea  tau;;i.'Ut 

.!ii'-  paralli'l  niirlli  i.t'  llrilii-Ii  tniiizinl,  liy  riiili-il  .Siati'M  ilrti-rniiniitinn    

liariilli-1  niirlli  ul  liiilihli  lait;;rnt,  I13  nli'sitt  iliii'  ti>  liinlanci' 


Jf.   <h. 
Ul  li.'i.  113 
III  :i-J.  711 


FlTt. 

HJ.  M) 

i.'ii.rii 


;i:ii.  ri:i 
4:1:1.77 


ion  rirnr.  riiiili'  Muiintain  wcrtt  nvrtli  ul  'I'm  lli'  Miiiinlaiii  iiaat  . 

(ii'i  SKTS  TO  1  ai:ali.ici.. 


is 


M  Ch. 

:i  lu.  II 

.'1  ri".  .'.;i 

n  1.0. 0 

1 1  a-j.  i;7 

1,'i  Ul.  0 

17  7.-..  l!i 

'.'I  nil.  II 

•j:i  i;7.  11 


^ 

s 

e  J 

Ii 

§ 

c 

1- 

li  ^ 

ivj.  0 

'.17. .'. 

IVJ.S! 

•.'4ii.  :i 

:i:i7.  :> 

•t:i:i.  H 

s_ 


s-i    t 


l''iltltl    f)ttli(--t 

in  Ict't. 


IN  ttiiirks 


+  i 

Ii  7 )   ri. .'.  iHiiHi. 

'.I.  :t  I     4!l.  1  inn  111. 

:i.".  1)  nil.  11  in.rlii. 

'U,  Ii  .   ll.'i.  I  inillli. 

i::i.  I  '....'..  Ii h. 

7."i.  h  :(J'J.  I  In  llh. 

f>*.H  -l-C.  :t  M>  III 

1(10.7  .'.:!!..•.  l.cnlh. 


A'ofi'.—  A  pnHl  wan  iilaccil  in  llii>  iiili'iiin  uCf-arh  in  nunl.  Iirini:  niilik  :i  li-fl  in  llii'  ^roiiint  ami  iiiaiki-d  i'.f. 
la  thii  aiitunin  (il  Ihil  an  iiun  lahlct  wan  bniii-it  it  tii't  in  llic  ^iiinnd,  10  rct-t  lant  ol'i'iu:}!  nniiiinl. 

3:iii 


nUITISII  TANiiKNT  No.  7. 

i.s7;{. 

From  first  (U-oHsinfj^  Mhukv  liinr^  ftt  South  Antfrr  ('reck. 

ITroiiulitnii  •<L  SiiiiH  Anlmnofniciil  TmiiHlt  tim)  T  hi.  'rriiiiHlt  TliriHliilito  V.U.  No,  :i.    (Jhmrwr,  W.J- (iaiivcy,  It.  K  | 

A/i.Mi;'riis. 

Al  IIm'  liillliil  point  of  t;itii:itit  'rrn'iiilitnK  A  Sirn-*  astrotiDiiiii  nl  tr;iii»*it  uhh  inonnh-d  In  tlm  mt'Thlinn  o     '      " 

111  Zinilll  h  l(Nr,i»|it'  iiinl  IH  j|/itnillli  IimiihI  hi  ltt«     ,      ;i.v.)  .'iH  ijl  1) 

Till)  iitiiik  wjm  |>l.ii:r<l  mi  iho  laitiri'ht,  .ip[iro\iiiiit(i'l.v.  iitnl  tlin  iitiuln  lii-lwi'(>n  it  unit  llio  r.riiitlt  tili'Hcnpo 

niri-Hlijiii  M  pfut'il,  (ilvirit:  ilm  nuin  nl  wvi-n  irpi  liljorm ht)  SH  y.V7 

TliHii/iiiiulii  of  tiiurk  lliroii;:li  \slii(:h  tuiicmt  wiih  tun V!(i<>  Ti!)  .Vt.'j 

'I'liii  ltiii<4<-iit  wiiH  piolon^iMl  li  i)ir4i:irici)  nf  H.|!».r-7  rhiiiiiH,  wln-ri,  i  iiroiiiiti'riri;r  tlititnT.  iiii  offNt't.  wiih  iiiiulo  In  tlm  himiMi  t4> 
uvoiil  il.  '1  lii>  ipri;:iiiiil  Undent  unit  n-Kuiiicil  iil  r.'it.'.o.'i  iliuiiiH  iiml  piutmi^ril  to  Dtl.ti?  cliuiiiH.  \Un\  ii/.iiniitli  (iliHiTv.iitoiiH 
\ht<l'0  tiikrli  ild  I'dltown: 


Duto. 


I'oHilioit  lit'  iiiHtnitiiuiit. 


( )ii  tanj,'int On  langMit 

I 


I'onltlon  of  mnrk. 


Rtar. 


Azimuth. 


'(  Tohrlfl  .. 
i  ...do  .... 

Moan 


'rnin  a/itiiutli    . 
A/lniiitli  nrnir. 


Mt 

17 

0'' 

H 
II 

tl) 

■n 

11 

u 

H\ 

■17 

y* 

1 



I'j 

■i 

TtiJH  tant;i'iit  was  corrociiid  for  tlilH  error  in  nziniiilli  niiil  prnlnti^Tft  to  tin;  ttiotiiliunof  Kuuth  Antli-r  ('if*  k  A>ilri»ii(iiiiii';il 
su>ll<iii. 

STATION  i;i!I!()It. 

Feet. 

Mi'iihiiii-(t  Mirmtl  fi'iMii  tfrjniliul  iinint  (if  tnilKPiit  l(t  411^ ^Jf^'t.W^ 

Kriiirulliiiliul  pniiit  iiiirtli 11.8H 


(iir»i-tiiiii'iiMii»iuiiii« 

station  i-rnir,  Himtli  Aiill(;r  Cri'ik  AHlripiinnticiiI  Stat  inn  Houtb 


:i7:i.  An 
4io.ai 


:ia.8ii 


OKI'-SETrf  TO 

■A  1;  A  1,1,1 

;r,. 

^3 

1. 

.3 

h 

I2    . 

11 

i5. 

~? 

<M  a 

MlKll  i,fl'f-(t    ill 

m 

;  = 

iifi. 

I 

■•■ 

pH 

:i 

11,  -"Il 

I.7H 

77.  HH 

7."..  77  minlh. 

II 

■J7.  :,:< 

V.  ,-,n 

77.  ^8 

MLhllKipulh. 

1) 

lll.!l!l 

'i:i.34 

77.  KB 

a),l!:iw)illli 

u 

II II.  Mil 

•IH.  I'J 

77.  HH 

H.'Jll  nmlh. 

1.1 

n-j.'jo 

2:1.  IK) 

77.  HH 

711   M  niillli. 

IH 

i!n.!l7 

UH.  i;h 

77.  HH 

I'll.  II  I'lMlli. 

21 

3.17.  r.i 

:i:i  HI 

-7.li8 

l!;li.  17  111.1  111. 

A'';/f! — TliM  panilli'l  wait   niaikfcl  at  3-nilli)  Intcivairt  hv  a  8i|iiar«  ntakn,  \  liy  \  inctiox,  anil  *J  fnt,  lone,  tlrivcn  into  thfi 

f;r<mn<l  *^  inrhrM,  ainl  )i;ivint{  XMX  ciil  iln-p  in  il.  A  coiiiniil  nionnil  nf  earth  whh  Imilt,  witli  tlif-  Hiiik*>  in  ttio  ri-nfrr  ot 
KiHii,  r»  fi'i't  liiuli.  T.Tt  I'ti't  Iitoail  ai  liiiMi',  witli  Im-uihi  2  fi-i-t  anil  tiriuli  y.fi  fiit  wiili-.  Tin;  ixti-rioi  o|  lln-  niimnil  waM  ciiri)- 
fnll.v  ri-vMtliil  Willi  hoiIh. 

'  A  roiTiTtidtj  III'  —  1  fiHit  in  to  1  tiaiipliiiil.    Tl:«  nionnilH  at  IIii'mo  puinlH  wcro  Ifiilt  willi  tliis  error. 

'237 


t  fHii 


M 


'1 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


Hi  MM    |2.5 

|io  ■■*'    m^M 

^  ^    12.2 

1^  1^  IIM 


1.4 


III 


1.6 


% 


y 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRIET 

weBsvfcR.f.  '  Msao 

(71«)S73-4S03 


'>V 


UltlTISK  TANGKNT  No.  ti. 

1873. 

From  AntroHomical  Station  ikcond  Cromng,  Mouse  liiver,  to  United  States  Attronomivul 

Station  No.  8. 

[TrniiKbton  &  SlmiT-ln-Troiialt  TbnHliililo  F.  O.  Nu.3.— Uliscrvcr,  W.J.Uilwpy,  R.E.) 

AZIMIJTIIS. 


D«to. 

I'onition  or  iMtrainent. 

rusition  iif  mnrk. 

Star. 

Azimutli. 

Au|t.  11 

)  Inltlnl  jHilnt  f>f  tnnKcnt  on  lucrltl' 
5     iuiiof  Aiitrouonileal  Statinu. 

I,34il.it  n.  ncnt  (It  iimlrunu'nl  . 

(I'olnria 

1  ...Ilu 

1  ..  <l(i 

1  ..  do 

0      1         t 

370  01  1:1.  !I7 

82.  IJ 

in.  77 

JI.CS 

mo  01  £1.  4 

Meoii 

TaiifCrnt  wunrtiii  thrniiKh  Apohit  (l.MS.Sft.  X  Bin  1'  S)".4==}  7.5  lu.B4mtliur  tho  mnrk  to  lU'.Dir)  where  nziuiulli 
obstTVutioDa  won»  taken  a«  fnllnwH; 


Datii. 

roaitlim  iif  InBtrunieiii. 

riiallloii  <if  luark. 

Bur. 

Ailmulk. 

0        '           1' 

'HS'J  4H  SU.  0 
S7.5 

(On  tiill'.!i'nt,  1.5.VI.8  rt  wiiiit  of 
1     lujlruniinl. 

(I'olnria 

1           Moan 

titil)  4ri  Sa.  7 
itCD  4»  06.  1  i 
7.4 

Tfao  mark  waa  iiiovimI  (I,.'W>S.8  ft.  X  aIii  7". 4  =)  0  in.  uortli  nuil  Ihio  continui'd  lo  t<>miinal  point. 
STATION'  EKUOIi. 

Ftel. 

Mi'aanri'il  ntWt  fnmi  terminal  point  of  tantcent  tit  40° S97.  GO 

Error  of  intliul  iK>int,  north 3t>.  tst 

384.  40 
Coniputvd  ofl'ict  due  toiliatanc«2l>..'i87 350.6.'i 

Statiun  urriir,  Untti'il  Statca  AatroDoniical  Station,  south 3M.  IS 

OFFSETS  TO  PAKALLEL. 


s 

h 

a 

«    . 

.1 

6;! 

II 

Final  iifTiiet, 

S3 

§..s 

§^ 

c'2 

%.  a 

ill  flH't. 

i 

+ 

a- 

Uik: 

£ 

- 

_ 

3. 

6.ffl 

4.47 

Sfl.83 

94  4laautli. 

(1. 

97.  ,\'> 

H.ni 

an. « 1 

e. '.'aaoiiili. 

U.O<ili 

m.  Ill 

IX  M 

!!6.8:l 

a8..'i8niirlh. 

13. 

no. -.M) 

17.81 

86.  KI 

C.\  .'lO  niirtli. 

IS.  l.Ml 

iTii.aa 

S^'.Sl 

•.•6.  KI 

13i>  8-J  norlli. 

l". 

'J47.»7 

iMLHl 

86.83 

104. 33  north. 

Soil'.    The  form  iiihI  iiintkinic  nf  ihc  niniindn  Wfri-  )ii  rrery  renpoct  ahiiilar  t^t  ihrwc  mi  tlit>  tnDfjt'nt  from  fli-Mt 
i'n«H)iit{  Mouse  Kivi-r  to  S«mih  Anifer  Cret^k. 


1^ 


HltlTISIl  TANGENT  No.  9. 


1873. 
Froni  Short  Creek  Aatronomioal  Station  to  United  States  Aotronomical  Station  Ko,  9. 


(TroOKlitan  li  Sima  Transit  Theodulito  F.  O.  Na  1.— Observer,  A.  Fcntht  ntoobanfth,  U.  E  J 

AZIMUTHS. 

O      t  II 

A  nark  vu  placed  on  the  appmxlmato  taneont  and  the  nnglo  betwi'en  It  and  the  cenlthteleiicano 
mi'ridinn,  the  atininth  of  wbicli  waa  oboerred  wiUi  astronointrKi  tranalt,  was  iiit'asun'd,  giving  lliu 
nienit  of  (wvltiiI  st'Hua 89  .•»!)  37.  f> 

Atlniutbot'  meridian 3.'i9  O'J  SG.  43 


Ailniuth  of  tangent JHC  00  IH.lia 

Tbe  Inneont  waa  rnn  tbmiigli  a  point  (3,433.7  ft.  X  sin  I9".!K)  :=)  3.4  In.  snntb  of  thi-  mnrk  l<>  IJ7!).'.>4  chnlnri, 
whtTo  another  ni'Tidiaii  wai  eHtalilidhud  as  aliove,  and  a  series  of  anKlei*  read  to  llie  tangent  east- 
ward, ^ivluu  n  mean  angle P9  '*Ti  IO.no 

Azimuth  of  meridian 3011  SO  lii.1S 


Aiimntbof  tangent Ki  51  S«.  "3 

Azimuth  duo  to  distonee £0  M  41.00 


Azimuth  error. 


14.  Sj 


This  error  was  not  corrected,  and  tbe  tangent  continued  to  terminal  point  with  the  astronomical  transit,  the  themiolite 
'leing  out  of  order. 


STATION  EKIiOR. 


Fttl. 


Meoanred  oflMit  from  terminal  point  to  49° i!0.'i.N 

Error  of  initial  point  north 111.  K 


Error  dao  to  azimuth  deviation  of  14' 


flS.'i.  (I 
4.85 


sao.M 

Cumputeil  offsot  duo  to  dist  anee,  t(l  miles  0:i.C3  rhuina VM.  Ii8 

Station  ertor  of  United  Slate»  A alronomlcnl  Station,  nofth 84,0 

OFFSETS  TO  PARALLEL. 


' 


!! 

ll 

a 

if  J. 

-'1 

eS 
■1-5 

O  3 

.S  J 
»-.5 

Final  oIlMt 
in  feel. 

UernarkF,. 

p 

i 

+ 

1'^ 

-- 

— 

Jf.    Ch. 

+ 

+ 

2  ."..'i,  hO 

.*>.  (i 

4.n 

1.0 

!!>.« 

l>.2»ouHi. 

Moiinil.  Id'/  ( 

,'i  *."i.  \* 

37. 11 

H.n 

3.1 

I'.I.S 

l".3n(irlh  . 

Do. 

0  I.VOO 

(i4.  r. 

11.8 

;i.3 

1!).  H 

lil.Unortii 

Ik). 

i-j  r>-.  78 

111.  1 

l!>.  1 

4.li 

in.  H 

131'.  0  north 

Ilo. 

to  03.  Ii3 

I'.Hi.  7 

■41.0 

4.B 

111.  a 

30."i. »  noi  til 

Do. 

Ifote Iran  tablets  were  buried  near  tbo  moanda  In  1674. 


83Q 


BRITISH  TANGENT  No.  10. 

1873. 

From  Orand  Coteau  to  Mid  Coteav. 

[Troaghton  t  SImii  71n.  Tnuislt  Tbcodnlitf,  F.  O.  No.  3.— Obscrrcr,  W.  J.  Oftlwry,  II.  E.] 

AZIMUTHS. 


Dnto. 

I'osllinn  «f  Inatrument. 

Poaitlon  of  mark. 

8Ur. 

Aiimatb.  1 

1 

S.'pt.    1 

(  On  mrriillnii  of  Attro- 
t     noniioal  Station. 

2,6(13.3  ti-et  wot  of  In- 
ntnina'nt. 

rPolaria 

I ..  do 

O       (         II 

SBU  50  30.9 
89.3 
30.1 
37.6 

i  ...do 

I.,  do 

Menn   

909  .'«  38.0 

Tnueeut  nnarun  iliniiiiih  n  |io<nt  13,809'.!!  X  «in  O*  88"  — )  7  ft.  10.5  In.  north  of  the 
■      lUI 


mark  auu  prolonged  to  the  tormiunl  point  at  Mid  C'otean, 
STATION  ERROR. 


JM. 


Menaared  offiiet  fhim  terminni  point  to  49° 6<8:5I 

Error  of  initial  )K>inl,  north 40.13 

tii-a  04 
Compntrd  ofTaot  for  n  diatnnco  93.94473  milea 413. 40 

Station  error,  Mid  Cotenn  oatrouoniicnl  atntlon,  north 875. 1.5 

OKF.SET.S  TO  PARALLKL. 


a 

eg  ■'  o 

is 

3 
It 

1- 

S.i.E 

a 

3 

fcl. 

p 

U 

n 

w 

+ 

+ 

804.4 

.'i.  no 

30.9.-. 

40.13 

410.30 

so.  i;n 

011.78 

40.  l;l 

089. 19 

47.341 

0:i.  1 

40.11 

914.0 

«9.'.I01 

i:i.\94 

4li.  1.1 

1,911.02 

175.  .Vi:i 

17!l.88 

4ii.  i:i 

l,4.M.K-> 

S.VII1 

91\S7 

40.  13 

1,718.04 

3,'«.  71' 

4.-A  48 

40  13 

l,Ki9.4<< 

4U49 

373.15 

4ft  13 

Final  offaet 
in  feet 


10.  ^Haoiith 
34.  71  north 
!N.31n<irlh 
li-n.  01  north 
.1118. 70  north 
489. 35  north 
5.'*.  05  north 
048. 5t  mirth 


KoU. — The  form  and  marking  of  the  monnda  wore,  In  every  reapect,  almllar  to  thoao  on  the 
tangent  ftnm  Ul  oimalng,  Mouae  Rlrer,  to  Soatb  Antler  Ureek. 

MO 


^v 


HIMTISn  TANiiENT  No.  11. 

187;{. 


From  liritinh  Astronomical  Station  to  AHtroiiomical  Station  near  Bully  Spring. 

[Trfliightnu  ii,  Siiim  Transit  Thooilnlllt'  I'.  U.  Ni>.  I.— (jliscrvcr,  A.  Fi'atbi'iali)ii1inii;,'li,  It.  E.J 

AZIMUTHS. 

O         I  II 

Tt)»  nziinntli,  nt  llin  Iniiisl  imini,  of  i  nMirk  pliirrtl  approxiinntcly  on  the  tniiK^iit,  i,M^.  4  fL-ct  iliatniit, 
xvtiH  (Ictermiiii-il  I'roiii  a  Hi-ricR  of  rt>ii(liiit!H  oi'  i1h>  iiimc!)  iH-twci-ii  1h«'  mark  ait<l  Itir  zeuitli  tt*leM-o|io 
nH>ri(liuii,  the  aziiiiiith  uf  wIik  li  wuh  tlt'ti-iniiiii'd  witli  AalroiM'niical  TrniiF«ii  K.  O.  Nu.  I  to  Im> 3C0  OR  44.30 

Mcau  ot  ruaiiivi^H  uf  anglf eil  01)  ZG.'io 

Aziiuutli  of  mark 90  Oii  20.  M 

To  pet  on  tlio  tnit*  tan^nt,  the  mark  KlmiiM  lie  moved  noith  wr  tlie  iimtnimerit  hoiiiIi  (-1. 343.1  ft.  >;  Mn 

6*  'JO  '..Vi=: )  Kiil  tt.    The  taiiuuiit  luidtH'tn  ^tinted  from  a  iHtiiii  t<.&i4  ft.  south  of  olwerviiiK  p4>Ht.  tiHini; 
.     .       .       „._  ,    ■  .    -  If-  Trfi  -  f.ui  =  o.ri? 

the  Hume  mark  fur  n  ba<!k  sight.    The  tiiiit;eiit  whb  cnn8ef)iiently  in  error  am      -  .  jj...  - 

—  27".  Hoiithiiic;  1.  0.,  thoB/imiith  of  thi- Innp-iit.  an  ntartcd,  n-a^t  .   ! 969  59  33.00 

Thv  lioi-  waH  {injlniiufd  oil  thitt  aziiuuth  1,141.17  chaioH,  whtu  thu  aziiuuth  waa  checked  In  the  eame 

m.-uiiiiT  a»  aliovc. 

Azimuth  of  nh^Tved  meridian 359  :> 7  2X53 

Uoau  reudiog  of  nuttle  bu;,wet>u  meridiau  au'l  taUK^nt 90  11  44. 16 

AfmiUliof  tan;;ont   Wl  4.">  ait.  37 

Computed  nziiiiiitb  duo  todLitancu 8U  45  4K  W 


a(i3 
27.00 


17.81 


AzimuUi  I'lror,  koiHIi 

Azimutli  eiror,  Houth  at  initial  point 

Mean  azimuth  error,  aoutli  to  thia  point,  i.  r.  I,l4t.l7  clininn 

ThiH  error  in  a/imutli  wai  eonoidered  rniiiulativf. 

Ik-yonil  r^raiiiid  Creek  the  urnnnd  wiih  very  broken,  the  line  croRttinp  a  ran^e  of  hilt.-*  alM>ut  5  mih'H 
ilidlant.  r>i  I'onvey  Hiunal  ho  far  iieiu);  dillictilt,  a  nuirk,  approxiiiintt-ly  in  line,  nan  pjati-d  on  tlitH 
lange.    Tin-  uican  au>:lL>  b^-tween  tliiH  mark  ami  tht;  meridian  obxerved  alHive  nan  HO  49  31.85 

Azimuth  of  tutridiau 3.V.)  57  S3.  5:1 


Azimuth  of  mark    

A 2. ninth  of  maik  due  to  distance,  1,141.17  chains 

Azimuth  of  mnrk  in  error. 

The  line  waH  prnlon^eil  <m  thlH  erronetuiH  n/iinnth  ^2(>.  lOehains  to  tbenikriiHan  of  Knjly  .^piin^'s  Aslro- 

noiuieiil  Slalinii,  ni.il\ing  n  total  len;:tli  of  tan^'.ent  l.itttf.oti  chniiia.    1  he  a/imuth  vn\tt  m>t  u^ain 

tustoit. 

STATION  EliKOU. 

Feet. 

Pleasured  ofTnet  froni  terniiniil  jioiut  to  4!'^  09:t.  00 

Krror  of  initial  poiiil,  Month i:jo.  OH 

.Mi2.  32 

Azimuth  error  up  to  1.14 1.17  ehiiinn —     ti.  14 

AziiiiiitlMTnir  hryoiid   1.141.17  rlmins -f-  17.82 

Compulttl  olfnet  dui'  to  disiauee,  21  mih'S  4H.06  chains  -  402.00 


40  54. 78 
4.'>  48.  00 


Station  error,  Itully  Sprin^frt  Station,  n(rtli. 


111.34 


OFFSETS  TO  I'AUALLKL. 


h 

^1 

itial 
ft. 

fl 

Is 

|J 

riiiiii  ..ii»ft 

iU  Ifl'l. 

Kfninrlts. 

p 

J 

1 

£5 

w  S 

-1- 

31.    Ch. 

+ 

+ 

a  711.0I 

(i.H 

l;i.  .■! 

-       14 

1:10. 7 

ir>3  Inoitli 

Kiirtli  nuiiiuil,  14'  y  11'. 

.1   4:i.:i.'> 

ai. ;-. 

a.vi 

-  •   a,  .1 

l;«i.  7 

Ir^l.HTliillll 

IIh. 

M     (IIP.  (HI 

;tn.  (1 

;i!i.  II 

-     4.0 

l;iii.  7 

alilMlnllh 

1)11. 

10   *i.:<t 

i-.'i.  :i 

47.  S 

■  ■If 

1:10.7 

ailH.  1!  mil  III 

Iiii. 

l\    Ul.  17 

1  .Vt.  7 

114.  II 

-  ■  li.  1 

1:111. 7 

:i.'i7. 1  iHirlli 

l>ii. 

IH     IUI.  Hi 

atH.  I 

HI..1 

-    0.  :i 

1311.  7 

Hill.  OixiTlh. 

I  III. 

Ul     (h!.  711 

;i:iH.  II 

si.'i.  a 

-       ii..'! 

1:10.7 

.Viii.Oiii.rtli 

Sliiiif  n  iiiiml.  12'  >  fi'. 

114    4H.00 

i&i.  7 

III.3 

-  11.7 

130.7 

(waoii.iriii. 

Aniriiniiiiiii'.il  nioiiiiil,  llnllv  Spring. 

N  n- 


-1« 


A'oftf.  — MiMindR  made  uf  earth  are  fncinl  Willi  sml. 


241 


If  ' 


mmmmm 


t  (I 


BUITISH  TANGENT  No.  12. 

187.3. 

From  East  Poplar  River  to  Went  Poplar  Rirer, 

{Tronghlon  Jh.  Slim  1-lii.  TrHiitlt  TliwHlulltv  F.  O.  No.  ;i -OliniTH  r,  W.  J,  Oiilwry,  n.  E.J 

AZI.MUTII8. 


Dale. 

I'usltiuu  of  iiiHtruiucut. 

Poflitiun  uf  iiiiirk.                               8tar. 

Aiimuth. 

8«pl.  16 

Uii  mill  lillan  of  utronoinical  >Ution . . . 

( 1'ol.irls 

'.170  OO  ^.  M 

U,8-I0.5  feet  wtjat  of  luBtrainent lo 

34.8 

...(Jo 

at.  9 

Mean 

270  00  3^5 

Tangent  wan  rno  tbrongh  a  point  (S,tJ48  3  fn't  X  xln  ^a..'!  inclica  =)  Ti.t  inches  eontb  of  the  mark  to  the  ternilnal  poiot. 

.STATION  ERKOK. 

Fett 

MeaannMl  nlfliet  tmm  tt^rininal  point  to  iV» SHI,  flj 

Xrror  of  initial  point,  Hiutb :i&40 

343.48 
Computed  offaet  due  to  liistance  '.'3.43IS  milea 4'jOl  90 

Station  inur,  Wuat  Puplnr  Kiver  Antmiioiuieiil  Station,  aouth 176. 78 

OFF.SKIS  TO  TAKALLEL. 


a 

1 

.5 

3j 

^t 

g.3 

\i 

Final  ofliiet 
ill  fiet. 

J3 

S 

2 

Ei 

S 

o 

■Ji 

M 

info. 

+ 

_ 

+ 

«  c» 

as.  (13 

:iH.4 

33.(!Auartb. 

a.  98473 

87.41 

•1.1. 11 

31".  4 

an.  vo  mirth. 

9. 

m.  !l» 

117.(10 

.■ia4 

33. 49  nnnh. 

13. 

11(1.  •JO 

!«).  :i.\ 

;i8. 4 

.'iH.u?  north. 

lis. 

173.  an 

113.17 

3^.4 

»7.  43  north. 

17.833 

334.  Ill 

i;u.Mi 

3».  4 

Hii. 'ilnnrlb. 

91. 

xn.  .'ii 

i;.H.  43 

3^4 

ai7.48noitb. 

93.4313 

lao.  ao 

lie.  78 

38.4 

a?l.  83  north. 

^rite.— The  lanitent  faaTing  b«eu  ran  under  very  farorablo  circunutancca,  and  time  preiainK,  Ita  atinintb  waa  not  chcckid 
at  the  terminal  point. 


^ 


T 


imiTISn  TANGENT  No.  13. 

1874. 

From  Little  liocky  Creek  to  Frenchman's  Creek. 

(TruUKhtou  &  Simii  Trnnatl  TbrmlnlUi*  F.  U.  Nu.  I.— UbmtiA-er,  A.  Fuatbrntooliaunb,  R.  E.| 

AZIMUTHS. 

Tlie  nilmnth  of  it  mark  piMoil  approiiiiintcly  mi  ilii>  tniiKi'iit  wrxl  nf  Ihc  initial  |H>int  was  ilrturmiiii^il  °    '      " 
from  a  iM*rlCH  iit  r<>ni1in(;H  rf  tlio  unfile  Ih>(wi-i-ii  tlx!  iiitii  k  nml  tin-  K4*nith  ti'lfwoiw  meridian,  tbii  ozl- 

mnth  of  n-birh  wnn  nlmt'rvnil  witll  itHtrondiiiiral  IrallHtt  F.  O.  No.  I,  auil  iriiiiiil  Id  Im 00  00  tfl.  3 

Uean  reading  of  anglo  iH'twocn  nii'riiliiiii  auil  mark    '.lO  00  05.  T8 

Aiimnthofmark •i'lt  00  10.  .18 

Thr  tnncent  vaa  run  on  tills  aziiiiutli  fnnn  tlic  initial  |Hiliit  ISO?.'!  chniiin,  annib  of  4!V>  fur  a  illHlancn  nf  tt4:..V*  cbains: 
liaru  tbii  lino  vhb  ubifiMl  north  lt>.7  rhainH,  anil  tliu  iii>w  linocoiitiniH-il  to  tlio  went  siilroi  Fit'iichiiinn'H  ('r<>ek- 

Tbit  tt'Mniual  point  of  llritiBb  tauKi'iit  wiia  uunui-ctcil  with  tbo  I'uitrd  Htat4's  aalruniimiral  inuuii(l  (49^)  by  a  UniUit 
States  travorae. 

Ohaint. 

Lrnicthtf  Drltlahtanccnt   i!Ofl«.  :I3 

Uopartiire  of  United atatts  t rnrersu lUJ.  65 

if.    Chi. 

Total  diatanco  between  oitrunomicnl  Btntiiins    IM  19.118  =  325U.1I8 

STATION  EliROIt. 

Tbe  station  error  was  detemiineil  bv  Lientennnt  Oreeuo  to  be  Frencbinan'a  Crvek  Station,  i. «.,  Unlteil    FeeL 
'      Slates  Astronoinloal  Station  No.i:t  unitb 46.  si 

OFF.SKTS  TO  PARALLEL. 


s  . 

li 

1 
il 

0  c 

1u 

Final  otTaet  in 

^i 

s- 

fi'it. 

.= 

I'a. 

g 

s 

1^ 

a 

o 

ee 

M 

M.  Oh. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

0    00.00 

0.0 

0.0 

ll!i:i.n 

Il!i;l.n  north. . 

8    KLCl 

5.!t 

4.1) 

ll'.n.u 

laicl.  .'.north. 

.■■    40.88 

23.1 

no 

11»J.0 

I8'.'.".  I  nortli. . 

8    M.  HI 

,wn 

i\.-i 

88.8 

IIUO  north.. 

13    8!).  00 

I  IB.  8 

an.  a 

88.8 

a-J.'.. H  north.. 

14    48.08 

IC.1.7 

8:i.  7 

88.8 

871. a  north.. 

in   aw.  68 

887. 1 

.11.7 

^t*.  8 

4117.(5  nortli.. 

88    87.  Tl 

38il 

3ci.  0 

88.8 

ri07.,'inortli.. 

9j    «U.Xi 

Ml.  5 

48.  :i 

88.8 

048.  U  north.. 

Hi 


Karth  niouiHl, 

UoL'li  nioiiiiil, 

Iio. 

1)0. 

llo. 

Do. 

I  III. 
Karth  nioiind, 
Uot'k  nioiinil, 


li'XH'. 
ti'X'U'. 


f.'xia'. 

ti'XlO'. 


JVof*.— The  Azinintb  deviation  bt-iiiff  sniall  (10". .'.8)  was  ncjilectiMl,  bnt  it  ia  pr.vtlcally  incliideil  in  tlio  station  error, 
tablets  wen)  aniforiuly  10  fuel  eaat  of  tbe  eaati-rn  base  uf  tbo  mound  ami  two  feet  below  tbo  surlaco  of  the  ground. 

21.1 


BRITISH  TANGENT  No.  14. 

1874. 
From  Cottonwood  Creek  to  United  States  Astronomical  Station  Ko,  14. 

[Tronghton  &  Simi,  T-ln.  Tranait  TbeodoUlo,  F.  0.,  No.  3.— ObMirer,  W.J.  Oolwey,  It.  E 1 

AZIMUTUS. 


Dato. 

rnsltlon  of  inKtrnniont. 

I'ositlon  of  mai'k. 

Slar. 

Azlnintb. 

Jaly     1 

(  On  mnritlian  tit  astro- 
)     noniical  atatiou. 

l,4firi.a  font  weat  of  in- 
alrumuDt. 

(  Poliii  Is 

O        1           II 

270  00  0:1. 3 
aoo  .'lit  .v.  4 
870  00  07. 8 
270  Oil  la.  0 

270  UO  03. 7 

1..  ilo 

)  ..do 

U.ilo 

Mean 

Tho  tangent  was  proloDged  on  thia  iTrnnoonfi  niimntti  to  19.5-niiIo  point,  whcro  azimuth  oburTations  were  taken 
I  fuUuWB : 


Data. 

1 
Poaitlon  of  Inatrument.  j       rositiou  of  mark. 

Star. 

Azimtith. 

July    -J 

Polarla 

e     1       It 
S69  47  3.V  1 
41).  3 

2«!l  47  42. 2 
269  47  29.5 

Error,  whirli  wn(»  neglects 

1.'.7 
5.7 

7.0 

[Crror  in  niunini;  tliu  lino  . 

STATION  EKKOIl. 


MoaHnrM  nlTHet  frnm  terminal  print  to  40^- 
Krror  of  initinl  point,  acmtli 


I  'nmpoted  offset  dno  to  distance,  90  mile*  3,993  feet 

Station  error,  United  States  Astronomical  Station  Xo.  14,  sonth  . 
OFFSETS  TO  PAKALLF.L. 


Feel. 
Wf.  75 
21.73 

277.03 
320.74 


1 

.a 

•a  . 

1   S-aJ 

0  ^ 

pj 

Final  atttuX, 

a  a 

=ji 

*^ 

in  feet. 

b  a 

'      '^^.9 

a 

0 

3 

1^ 

u 

m 

M 

+ 

_ 

+ 

240.0(1 

0.  S9 

7.r,2 

21.  72 

30. 90  north. 

4li0.C0 

27.  ,'i3 

l.').  24 

21.  72 

34.  oamirth. 

1      720. 00 

CI. 99 

22.  85 

21. 72 

(JO.  H(i  north. 

000.  (lO 

110.20 

30,47 

21.  72 

1lll.45nortli. 

1,200.00 

172.20 

:i-.Oil 

21.  72 

1.\"i.  8:1  mirth. 

1, 440. 00 

247.  97 

45.71 

21.72 

223. ',ii<  north. 

A'of*,— Circular  Rtone  nrnnutlH  10  Ti-ct  in  diiinintfr  anil  fl  Uvt  liluli,  liavinKabermo  9  foet  whlo.  (rfnch  1.5  foet  wide 
and  1  lout  dfOp,  weroerecti'il  at  tlio  diNtancea  from  initial  point  of  tRu^ont  >civcn  aboTP.  An  iron  tablet  wan  donk 
G  inrlii'H  in  ceutor  of  each  mound,  mnrkiim  tho  esnrt  detormination  of  4'J°  parallel.  Ad  iron  taltjet  wan  aIbo  sank  Itj 
iD«'b«s  iu  the  groaiHl,  15  fee^t  ooat  of  the  center  of  the  monml. 

244 


P    > 


BUITISII  TANdUNT  No.  15. 


1874. 


From  Astronomical  Station  No.  28  to  Antronomical  Station  No.  29,  JEast  Fork. 

[Troughtou  &  Slma  Astronomical  TmiiBit  K.  O.  No.  t — Obaorver,  A.  Ffntheratoiibnoghi  II.  K.J 

AZIMCTUS. 

TUo  azimnih  »f  a  mnrk  itli.  -I'd  approxiiDntcly  «n  tin-  tiiDKi>nt  wint  nf  tin*  hiiifiil  iioiiit  wn«  (Ictrrntlnrd 
t'nitu  u  Ht'i'ioH  (if  rt'HiIii  jH  of  flio  nntili'  bctwcrii  tlM<  inai-k  antl  ilit>  zimiIiIi  tfli  m-hjh-  iiu-riiliaii,  the 
atliiinlb  ut'  whicli  wim iiliKirri'il  with  antruiimniial  tniuoil  1'. (J.  Nn.  1  ami  liiumi  tu  bt- IrO  01  4:i. M 

Metku  rcadlDft  of  nuglu  bi'twceu  luuibliuu  aud  uiai-k ^-ti  Ml  U6.  It6 

Atimulhof  mark 11^0  01  10.79 

The  taiiKciit  wah  nm  i>ii  tbia  nzlmuth  H51.5tj  cbaiua,  wbun  aziniutb  obsorrntiona  were  taken  on  rulnris 
witbaMo.  IbiHaliliii'  RO.  N(i.  'J. 

Mean  of  two  idibervationHim  Polaris Hfi 

Truo  azimuth  I-!! 


Error  in  asinintb,  nnith 

Error  iu  azimuth,  mirtii,  at  initial  point. 

Error  in  azimuth  in  rniininf; 

Tbo  mean  aziuiulb  of  the  wbolo  lino  waa  aaaumod W.o 


Tbo  liritieh  tanscnt  at  diHtance  west  of  initial  point 

Met  United  Siatea  tan^iMit  runnin;^  east  atUintaiK-e  from  Eaal  Folk  . 


41  31.15 
41  M.0O 

1  .IfuTS 

1  10.  ;n 

'M.  01 
01  18.00 

CJoilia. 

I4.ii. :« 

6:».  at 


Uiving  total  length  of  tangent,  !W  tulles  DO.IO  cbaiUB 

STATION  ERltOI!. 
Lieutenant  Greene,  in  bis  report,  given  station  error  of  East  Fork  Station,  north     4;j&  (I 

Ol'FSKTS  TO  PAKAI.LEL. 


Ferl. 


f*^ 

1 

c 

I 

1- 

?t 

0    £3 

^J 

£i 

=! 

Flrnl  ofTnet 
ill  leet. 

KrmarliH. 

k 

E 

s 

'5 

if.    Oh. 

u 

K 

■< 

« 

+ 

+ 

+ 

0  00.00 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

IS.O 

1.1.0  north.. 

Rock  nionnd,  fi'x  It;'. 

:i  00. 00 

li.U 

411.  4 

11.  0 

l.'l.O 

n.\3nonh.. 

Kork  mound,  O'XIO'. 

.1  .'*.  p:i 

S.-..  'J 

94. .'. 

11..% 

l.'i.  V 

IJi.aiioith.. 

Dii. 

f  75.  ri 

til. -J 

147.  :i 

17.  H 

1.%.  II 

20,"..  7  mil  1  h . . 

D... 

11  .'•:'.  nil 

ini.v! 

I'l-J.  4 

!l  1.  :i 

l.VO 

•JS.J.  ItMiiiih.. 

Do. 

15  1'.'.  00 

17-..  li 

2111.  7 

:io.  'J 

1.-.  II 

410  1  iHirlb. 

Do. 

17  U8.03 

ail. « 

',U|. « 

a4. 1 

1.-..0 

4Mi,  1  non  li . 

Do. 

M 


A*oC«.— Iron  tiibh'tR  wcru  biirli-d  ut  a  unil'orni  <)iHtuut:t>  of  10  feot  enst  of  the  enHtcrn  baws  tif  tho  uiuuuds,  and  ut  a  dfptti 
uf  3  feet  tu  the  iirouud. 

SM6 


i     i 


I    1 


t  I'l 


i  f 


BltlTlSU  TANGENT  No.  1«. 

1874. 

From  We«t  Fork  Milk  Hirer  to  United  Stale*  Astronomical  Station  No,  10. 

(Trtu||ht4iu  & SiiDi Tin. Traunit  TUeodo'.lto  F. O. Ni>. :i.— OUwrver,  W.  J. Oalwcy, It  B. | 
AHIMUTliS. 


Ualo. 

I'lMitloD  of  InHruiDcnt. 

Poflition  of  mark. 

Star. 

Ailmntli. 

Jaly  14 

( On  niiTiiUnn  iif  mlrouonilonl  et»- 
i     tioo. 

1  j.OM.O  bet  weat  of  tiistrnment 

(Pulnria 

1  ...llo 

o       1         l< 

!»»sg  11.  M 
in.w 
i:j.oi« 

10.13 

1  ...ilti 

( ..do 

Mean 

w*i»  sti  i:>.  7 

Tbo  taneful  w»b  run  lliruu^h  n  |Hiiut  (--!.U^0!>  fM't  X  atn  -14"*U  =)  ^-^  Inches  nurtb  uf  the  tDtrk  and  prolungud  \o 
termlDul  poiut  whtao  azimuth  uburviiiiuiiti  woru  tnkeo,  na  fuUuws  t 


Oslo. 

Poaltion  of  Inalrunit'Dt 

PoaiUou  of  murk. 

Star,                  Aziiuulb. 

July  M 

I  Poliiria rtl  ;w  «.«! 

1  . .   llo 50.  'JH 

.    ill) <\m 

1  ..llo <8.a4 

Mean.  W»  :i«  47.11 

.  .      ..            .             Hfl  Itri  Ifl.  g 

No  rorreolloii  wna  liiiulp  fur  ttiia  t>rror  in  iizliniitli,  it  lH'iUf{  cunaidorvd  cumulfitivn. 

STATION  EKItOK. 


Measurt'd  nflNrt  I'mni  tcnniuiil  point  to  4'J°. 
Error  of  iuilial  iiuiut,  houtb 


Compnt^'d  oPrtet  for  di.HtaiH!o  21  ntih'H  5D.Q9  i-haiua 

Staliou  error,  Cuitud  Stati'n  v\  itronouiical  Station  No.  16,  aonlli 
OFFSETS  TO  PAKALLEL. 


Feet. 

.  145.00 

6.46 

I3CM 
361.76 


e  u 

1 

o 

1^ 

it 

i- 

w  - 

Fiu.-il  iiOact 

si 

u  a 

11 

in  foot. 

+ 

10 

» 



Chaint. 

+ 

840.00 

0.M) 

30.  M 

«.4A 

17. 4.')  aoulli. 

41-0. 00 

ST.  .-iS 

01.  CO 

Iv40 

S7.!Klaoulh. 

7!.>0.  00 

01.  no 

03.40 

I!.  4tl 

BlitSaontli. 

«m.  00 

110.  SO 

im.9l 

11.40 

0.  .■>.■)  BOUIh. 

I'JOO.OO 

178.  IW 

I.'i4.  01 

n.4U 

34. 0.'!  north. 

1440.00 

947.  97 

ie4.81 

0.40 

*l!).03uorlli. 

Solf  — Cirmlar  Hlono  inniindfl  10  frrt  In  dlniiieter  nntl  6  Pert  hiph,  harlnjE  n  Iwrino  2  feet  with',  tri-uoh  1.5  feet 
wltlo  and  1  tmit  *h'*'\t,  were  elected  at  diMluui-i's  liotu  fuitiul  poinl  of  taiipcut  Kfvcii  nlM>ve. 

An  Iron  tablet  wan  mink  0  lui-beB  In  renter ot  rath  inomid,  ninrkinK  the  exnit  deteiniinntion  of  49^  parallel. 
An  irtiD  tabli't  n'liB  albo  iinnk  18  inches  in  the  ground,  15  led  cast  Irum  the  cvutcr  ol  the  mound. 

346 


nUITISH  TANGENT  No.  17. 

1874. 

From  lirUhh  AHlronomioal  Station  near  Millc  liirrr  to  Ahtronomkal  Station  East  Butte. 

(TronRhton  &  8lnu  Attronomicnl  Tmimlt  F.  O.  No.  1 OUicrTcr,  A.  F(-*lh«ratonU«iiRli,  R.  i:.] 

AEIMUTUS. 

Thin  tnngeni  w««  jiinlniiBwl  wiMwnnl  3S!lrlinlii»  Incnmiiri  Ihi'  riilttil  Sltili"  taiiRi'iit  fnnii  Milk  lilviT  I.akv'1  Httlion, 
iui<l  van  mil  woatwnrd  19  inili'a eo.iM I'Imiiiii,  wliiii  II  Jnliiwl  Uniiiil  Hlatin  taii;i«iil  Irnin  Kiut  lliittu  nwtwiril. 

Tlio  nzininth  of  A  mark  iilnfod  nppmiliiintfly  on  llio  tnnKnnt  Piwit  of  i\w  inltl:il  fMiirit  wntt  ili'trnnlneil 
from  H  nrrlon  nf  rpidlliiitR  of  tlio  nn^lo  hiMui-ni  tli<-  nintk  ami  tlio  sritUli  (t'li'wupo  iiittrlilinn,  the  a7.1- 
iiiulhor  which  vnHfoiiuil  nitli  aalrunumUal  traiikit  In  bu 00  UO  tn. HA 

Mran  aiiglu  to  taiiKPUt  <'U»t H»  '.'.<  if.  V> 

AElimilhof  mark IKI  00  10.01 

Tlio  tnnsnit  oani  wna  run  on  tltln  nsiiuulb,  nnil  ildronniTlioh  vllbUiiitrtI  Hlntca  tangent,  ami  rcanltiiif;  atalloii  rrror,  are 
plTcn  In  I.li-iiifUaut  Gn-i-noa  r<>|H>il. 

Tlio  taogrnt  vcat  whh  run  ou  llir  wiiiid  aclmiitli  li>  lu  liTniiniiM,  vIhti-  ar.iiiitillif>l>r<-rvalloiin  vrrv  taken  Willi  Trou^lilou 
ii  Blma  7-1d,  TheodoUto  F.  U.  Ho.  3  ou  I'olaila.  At  rurioiiH  liour  aii|:li-t4,  a^  followH: 


Facr  riitht, 

o      I      ■' 

P!l  41  '.'i.fl 

41  l:l.O 

41  OH.  II 

40  .'.7.  .'i 

Meana,  Ml  41  00.  ii 


/'firr  Uft 

fll  41  Oi-.O 
ItlO 

IH.O 

to  41    Hi.  0 


nmcral  meal' i9  41  11.4 

Tninulnmlb H0  40»i.o 

Rrror  in  Azlmntlt,  north  

Krriir  In  aximiitli,  uorlli.  at  inilini  point  


10 

4 

01 

37 
.14 

na 

Error  in  nr.1mn11i, north,  In  mnniiic ... 

Till*  adoplpfl  asimnlli  omir  lor  Iho  wholu  liur  waa  north. . 

.u.  r*. 

T.»nslh  of  Ilrllliih  tniiiiint  weal 10  (HI.  83 

Loncihuf  United  Slali'Hlanuontraat 7:1.  M 

Total  length  of  tanEt<nl 'JO  M.00 

STATION  EKltOR 

Lloutenaut  (tricni'tzivi-N  Klalion  error  Kast  Ihilli'  Stalii>:',  Hoilh,  470.0  fret. 

(IKISKTS  TO  I'AKAI.I.KL. 


CO 

1 

1 

I 

1.       • 

1! 

Fiiml  nllRCl 
ill  I't-ct. 

iivninrkM 

R 

c 

if. 

_ 

< 

N 

Jf.    r». 

+ 

W.  00  00.  (  0 

(HI.  0 

00.0 

(0.0 

.V.7 

.'v.  7Bollth.. 

Hork  mniinil,  ft' 

X  la-. 

3  4.-1. 114 

11.7 

HI.  a 

3.2 

.'«-.7 

i:i:l.  taoiilh.. 

Ituck  luoiinil,  0' 

>.  W. 

6  01.f>l 

fl7.7 

i:t7.a 

r..4 

'.V.  7 

naORoiith.. 

Ho. 

fl  04.  lil 

li','.  7 

aiiii.  :t 

g.  1 

.'.a  7 

aio.  4af>iilli. 

llo. 

11  rxi-v 

108.  H 

a7i.7 

10.7 

'.^*.1 

I!:i'.>.3miulh 

Ho. 

M  oatis 

IHI.  a 

:i;.,\  r> 

ii.n 

•v.  7 

a:i!i.  li  RoiM  )i . 

llo. 

J8  23.  «7 

ajfl.« 

417.3 

Hi.  4 

.'iti.7 

a:i.\s»imih.. 

Ho. 

lfole.—AD  Iron  tahlol  waa  biirioti  i  fret  In  the  gronnil  10  feet  cast  of  the  baae  of  each  monnd. 


•H7 


mmmm 


i    I 


«l 


nUlTlSlf  TANUENT  No.  IH. 
1874 

From  Wfst  Hiitte  to  Uaitvd  StatvH  AHtronomicnl  Station  A'».  IH, 

TniiiKblmi  A  Siiim  7  In.  TrnnHll  TliiiMluliti*.  K  O.  No.  :i.  -UlMorviT,  \V.  J.  (lulwry.  K.  K  | 

A/.lMt^rll!*. 

Tbo  iistuiatb  At  lulttiil  iKitiit  wiw  «lrlrriiilii*-(l  li>  rr)H>u(tii^  tlit<  aui{lt>  lii'(wi*«u  (li»  murk  HUil  Uh*  luciKliiiii  utanlniDuiu 
ii-al  triuiHit. 

Mi'BiK'f  four  M'lHoriiimlcHlM'tiviH'ti  iiiiirk  iiitil  imriilUii  tifuNtronouiiual  tranaK 00  00  ()lM> 

t'urrwlitio  I'lir  \vvv\ :i.O 

IN)  Ot)  <!•*.  0 
AEliniithiirmi'iMiiui     . {'Ml  .V.)  .'lO.  7 

Azimiilhiit'  iiiurk *.t!'J  5<.»  4)t. 7 

Tbn  tAtitft'itt  «iM  prnlontiiMt  tui  ihU  nzinnith  to  lU  U^rmtiul  point,  where  Mlmiilh  t>hM>rviitfonfl  wero  tiikni  nn  fulluwn: 


I'ualtlvn  111'  iDHtruiucut. 


I'liijlioo  of  murk. 


Star. 


On iHugenint terminal H«t  I ^PE'™"'^^^^^    *»'*'"'«•  |.".?o ,;::;:::::::::: 


Ut'iin 


Mean  nnpli'  tH'tB'peii  npiiroximnto  mprifllon  adiI  tAiigpnt. 
A 7.1  tn mil  ctrtiiii(i)Mit 

Tnif  u/iiiiiitli 

Aziiniitti  t'in»r  , 

A/iimilli  error  at  iiiilliil  |mi1iiI 

Aziiimili  *<rror  tn  riiiinin^c  tan;:<<nt 


Aiiuiutli. 

0         1 

rig  M 

r..'p.  »:i 
.■i:i.  (M 

:t.-.it  M  .IV  4 

f.l  M 

.Vi.t 

H.I  .i< 

HI  Lni 

17.  w 

17.  :i 

.No  I'ltrri'i-tiiin  itiiiile  fur  I'lthiT  of  tboito  urrutH. 
SIATION  KKItUll. 


n»t. 


Mpmniri-il  cilfn'l  fiii:u  tiTiiiiiial  luiiiil  Ici  W^  MS. .1 

Kriiir  lif  ill  it  till  piitiil.  intrlh !'lt.  Xi 


i'tinipiitiHl  itlTitet  fur  (lii4tiitici«  '.10  liiih  i*  rhJ.'.H)  ciiititia. 
SIfttiuu  error,  twtrunoiiiiciil  stutiuii,  iiiirllt 


1,0<>1.  til 
3117.  II 


Ol'KSET  TO  PAKALLEL. 


C  a 

1 

"Si 

a 

"1 

3  . 

:il 

^  a 

Final    i.ffiict 

If 

la 

a 

o 

t'5 

in  foet. 

U 

M 

» 

('Atiinji. 

+ 

+ 

'.'411.  ■,'4 

i.a 

Iffll.HS 

(111.  :i;i 

ITTI  nnllll. 

4i-li.  117 

9-'.  •-'.". 

aio  hi 

(«!.  ai 

H.'i.  7:i  tiorilt. 

7J!I.  (Hi 

« 1,  "a 

■.a\  m 

(i;i.  ;i,i 

■J-d.dd  norlli. 

III  0.  (Ml 

1 1(1.  JO 

ty.  'JO 

(Id  j:i 

4.111.  (17  itc.rdi. 

l,'.1Hl.  no 

IVi  -.0 

.'.!.'..  -ii 

m.  :i.i 

(«)8. 1-Jniirtli. 

l,4.-|-.M 

asi.  0.1 

(■..-lO.  II 

(Ki.  ;t:) 

Mil.  a.",  nitrtli. 

ATot*.— Circular  BtoLt>  luountlH  wcrt'  built  on  iIiIh  tuiip-nt  Hiiiiilar  tt  tbuhe  built  on  tangents  Not.  14  aihI  1H. 
*M8 


nillTISII  TANOKNT  No.  10. 

1871. 

From  South  lirimch  Milk  Hirer  tit  Nmlh  llranvh  Milk  River. 

[Tniiixhtdii  Mid  Kloii  Aa^runniulciU  Tnumtt  F.  ().  N'o.  l.—OiiM'rTiT,  A.  Kt'athmtiiiiliiiuijh,  It.  K.J 

AZIMUTII.S. 

Th«  IhiK  wM  alartitcl  on  wi  •ppMilnialo  iir.lniiilli  iif  •i'V>  anil  |irol<iiiK<«l  !M).oa  clialim  wlirrn  ulmiitb  nliMTviiliuiia  wen 
lakrn  on  I'oUrla  nvar  raalorn  •luDgaUon,  aa  folluwa  i 


Fact  right. 


Fact  U/L 


W  .14  III.  0 

tO  i>.\  .■.>>,  II 

M  11.(1 

M.  a 

.M  ;.a  u 

4!l.fl 

M  (19.  II 

311.  a 

.M.n 

N.  II 

.'.7.  a 

Ml  ail.  H!l  :a  («>.» 

H'l  .U  54. 3 

(Icni-ral  iiipiiii 

Triiuutliniitb   H'.i  :.■;  ii 

Error  111  azimulh,  Liirtli I  *JI 

Till'  lino  waa  mnllniiiMl  on  thia  lulmulli  tu  Hi  tiriulnal  ixiiul  «lirrii  n/miulli  <'lw<rt.>iiiiu«  on  I  olarlii  at  viirloua  lioiir 
aitjlli-A  uax'o  fullowlDg  rranltai 


/'(!«■  ritjM, 

m  41  '.'i 

HI 
SI 

in 


Fact  Ufl. 

O      >      n 

fU  44  m 

O'l 

111 
'.II 


Mean,  nn  44  SO  i>»  44  IJ 

nrniral  moon W  44  19 

TruKuzlmiiili r;)  40  41 


Krror  lu  a/lnnit)i.  norili  

rrovlona  irror  in  uziinitlli,  iinrlli 


a  :iK 
t  Ml 


Provlnun  rrror  In  aziniutli  In  rnniiln^ 


Thla  prror  la  altrlbiiti-il  to  tlio  natiirr  of  tlio  ^roiinil,  uhliii  rciuliTi'il  vitv  MhnrI  nichln  ni'OP^iiarv.  Tho  ili>viiitiou  in  or.l- 
inntli  In  taken  ax  r  'il"  iiorlb  for  tliu  llmt  purt  of  tlio  liw,  i.e.,  ^.'>n.uj  cliainn.'unil  um  I'  '.II" -f  (  (-i  17")  -  'j'  au'  norlli  lur  tlio 
t'oat  ottlio  liin. 

Tlio  taimi'til  wiirt  prolotiKi'il  oiwt  from  Soiiili  Itnini'li  Milk  Kivrr  to  i-onnt'ct  Uiilloil  Stuloa  tan^ont  with  .VHtroniinilcal 

Stiltion  No.  :ir.~ilBillllltll  ilrvliltil'U  lloTtll  1'  'Jl". 

Ch. 

Total  iIIhIiuii-o  iM'twron  Antrononiirnl  Station  No.:!.',  ain)  Aiitronuniirnl  Ktiition  No. .'Ml I,!i7l.  I'.i 

Total  (liatanco  brtwoi-u  ANlrouooiUal  Station  No. ail  unil  .VhtronoiuiiiU  Station  No.:i7 1,500.  rj 


STATION  KUKdUS. 


Ftet. 


Antninonilral  Slut  ion  No.  :in  north  of  .\»tioiiimii('al  Stallon  Sn..V\ 1.10 

AatTonoinioul  Station  No.  37  noiith  of  ANliunoinit'al  S.ution  No.  JO CdO 

OFFSETS  TO  PAnAI.I.EI.. 


^ 

_ 

s  ^ 

^ 

E 

■a  J 

il 

u 

*  i. 

x| 

^5 

FiOiil  1  Il'«l 

lli'lnlikD. 

5  a 

*    « 

Is 

M.   Ch. 

r 

8 

£- 

ji 

1 

K.     :i  1.1.07 

7.8 

I.!l 

0.7 

11. n 

SSI.  (i  mn  h . 

Hmk  inoiinil  1/  :<  10'.  | 

(10  n<>.  iHi 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

11.0 

ll.OniTih  . 

lioik  tnounil  C  :<  14'. 

\V.    -i  .VJ.4J 

.1.7 

!i.  a 

.1.7 

11.0 

1.7  north.. 

Itoi  k  luoumi  0'  X  10'. 

.%  r.i.  at 

aii.  rt 

•JO.  1 

1'.'.  4 

11  0 

.I.anoiih 

Ho. 

H  7a.  a4 

im.  II 

;iii.  1 

•Ji.a 

11.11 

'Jii.  a  iinrtli.. 

I'o. 

la  ',Hi.  sii 

ia4. 4 

4.\  1 

an.  0 

II.O 

l.'i  liiorlli.. 

Ho. 

Hi  !!<J.  'J!l 

i!(n.  5 

.Vi.  (1 

49.0 

II. 0 

110.  aiorih 

Ho. 

i7i.aiiotih. 

.V«(«.— An  Iron  tablet  waa  liiiricd  3  frit  in  the  gro.::.i)  10  frit  mat  of  tho  boaoof  oai'h  nioiiinl. 


no 


BRITISH  TANGENT  No.  2». 

1874. 

From  Chief  Mountain  Astronomical  Station  to  BvUy  Kivcr  Astronomical  Station. 

(Xroagliton  &  Sims  7-ln.  Transit  Tlioodolito  F.  O.  Xo.  3.— Observer,  W.  J.  Gnlwcy,  R.  E.] 


AZIMUni. 


H 


i, 


Date. 

I'lMltion  of  lintrnmi'iit 

Posit  iou  of  miirk. 

St.a.-. 

Aiinmtli. 

Auff.  13 

( On  moriiliiin  of  iistro- 
{      noiutcol  station. 

<,.10C..S  foot  WMl  of  in- 
stmmcnt. 

( I'olaris 

O        1           I' 

atiO  .M  aii.  :i.-. 
2.1.  *:> 

J  1.4.-1 

1         1) 

1          1)0 

[             1>U 

Uftl  .'.4  -Jd  1     j 

Tho  tanitcnt  was  run  thronah  n  pnint  (4,r>!)«.a  ft.  X  sin  5"  X\".V)  '  ft.  4..'!  in.  to  iiurtli  of  tlio  mark. 

The  taiiuent  was  run  to  tilt. 0:1  cli.  ttmn  initi.il  point.  Tlio  rlaii.in^;  was  (iiirivd  tiitou  ]>oint  A  (st-o  tliatiraui)  frtiiu 
which  a  trno  Itase.liiic.  -V  It,  was  measn  .1.  and  tho  distanri^s  of  tlio  ]inints  C  anil  1)  tlotrrimucii  hy  tiianKnlattmi.  Tlio 
rhainini!  was  ooDtiniicd  from  11  to  K,  tlif  iiiinal  point  of  taiit;oiit.  Thi*  uiulorbrnsh.  doatl  fall,  and  staiidiufc  limber  ix'inf;  so 
donso  as  to  fiivo  no  ho|H>  ot  oounootina  will<  Captain  Fcithcrstonbatigh's  astnmomioal  station  on  llclly  liivor  by  inraus  of  llio 
tanpint  a  iioint,  K,  in  triKouoinotrical  connection  with  bis  station  was  ostablisliod  and  obsorreU  from  points  A  and  11. 

To  flud  position  of  K  with  rospeot  to  \  : 
Aiipio  II  A  K  =  (<:'•'■  47'  10".  11 
Anulo  A  11  K  =  '.•4"  It''  .'il'.3 
An-1,.  11  \  C  =  0-.»  ay  l.V.  4 
Lot  K  M'  and  A  M  bo  nirridians  passing;  tlirou^h  A  and 
E.aiidA  rbi'^HTpciiilicul.ir, drawn  troni  .V  to  A  M  ;  jitbo 
intorsi'otioiMit  a  small  oiiclo,  if.  a  |iaralIol  ot  latitudo 
drawn  tlirouab  A.    'Ibopfiint  K  is  nortti  of  A- 
'riio  ili^t  iin-o  K  J)  =r  K  I*  —  p  V 
The  all;;lo  F  A  K  =  li:w  47'  lei".  '.I  -  :<i'>  3i  l.V.  4 
=  17°  li'  01'.:. 
A  I'  iimUi'S  an  atigli'  with  nioiiilian  A  M  of  !tO°  -|-  .Mi"  7.S. 
nitiliiiilioii  liy  dista:ii'o  In  mil  s  of  pniiit  A  from  |ioint  of 
doparluro. 

:vi.«5 
.•.  anclo  F  .A  M  =  D0°  +  .'.9".  7.-)  X  — pj- 

=  SIO^  +  4'  4.'."  ~  ny  i'  4.V' 
The  por|ionilionlar  at  A.  I.  f.  A  r,  inaki's  with  A  K  an 


anslc  =  1)0''  -  11  A  K  =  !0^ 

=  17°  07'  1(1 '.  .1 
K  P  =  A  K  sill  17^  -'  IC". 
.  ,.        .   ,,  "in  A  n  K 
•^'^=  -^  "slnAlJll  = 
sinSi4-  4?'  .M" 


-  (I'O--  4'  4.V 


17  J  1-J'Ol"..'..) 


=  72:11- 


271.4!l(h. 


^in  1..^  23'  ."il".  I 

AP  -   A  K  cos  1707'  n;". 

Pji  =  otfsct  to  paialld  diK 
iMcd  as  iiiitia!  |Hiiiit  =  8.00  1 

K  is  noitli  ot  A  7'.i  !li">  cli.  x  Wi  —  8.  0,1  ft 
-  e.O.-.  ft.  =.1,2li7ft. 

To  find  iHisitioii  of  A  with  ros;  "ct  to  4!*^  parallel 

1  oitlal  point  of  tangent  norlli  of  4'.)^  parallel  

Ollset  Ironi  A  duo  to  distance,  3&I.CJcb 17.  4j 

A  north  of  4'.!°  parallel 


J,  sin  17=  7'  10".  .1  =  7!l.!)2.'i  1  b. 
i  =  S.'>0.  40  cb. 
to  distance  from  A  consid- 

.'.,2 ..'..  O.-.  ft. 


Inl. 

1MI7 


.".  K  \f  iwirtli  of  F.nglish  determination  of  iV>.  5,2117  ft.  4-  .l"<  ft.  -  ri,2il7  h.'i  ft. 
DisiaDocof  K  trom Initial  point  .ibniglauKeut  Is  381.  C'l  cli.  -f  2,VJ.  40  cb.  =  041.11  ch 

ario 


1.1 


p 


RErORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

Britixh  Tangent  JV'o.  L»0 — Coutiuucil. 
1871. 


251 


STATION  EliROn. 


Fttl. 


By  Cnptain  Fmthprstoubnngli's  trianKnInliaii  K  la  north  of  his  dvtrnniiiatiou  of  49°  pniaUel  6U.919  ohalu .  =  \  .MA  6.'i 

liy  I.iuutcnaul  Galwey  iC  ia  uorth  of  4il<>  poruUel \2fi7.  AS 

Aatronomioal  Station  nt  llelly  SlTor  aontb  of  Chief  Monutoln  Aatrouomioal  Station 


The  min-idlan  of  K  ((lhi!,n-am  nn  |ir«viiiuii  piiK»)  waa  cnat  of  tbo  mctldiim  of  Captain  Fcathontonbangb'a  oalv 

niiutlcul  iP4tuudut  Itolly  Kivcr,  mciii^iin'd  on  tlio  taugt-ut 

IHatoncoul'  £fi'oni  iuUliil  point,  tUoug  tho  tougeut 

Total  diatance  from  Chief  Mountain  Aationomlcal  Station  to  ulronomlcal  mound  at  Belly  Riror 


1!71. 00 
CAai'iif. 


SII.4Q 
ri4l.  II 


tO&KI 


OKI-SETS  TO  rAHALLEI,. 


1 

III 

1 

a 

V.  a 

Fiiinl  ofliwt  in 
fi-eu 

■ 

+ 

M 

94:1  4.1 

7.0!) 

77.37 

iao7 

8S.  r.  Bontli. 

445.  IS 

•j;l70 

141.  4A 

iao7 

1:1.1.  l-o  aiiulh. 

653.  S3 

89.94 

871.00 

18.07 

199. 13  south. 

A'o(4'.  -CiroDlar  Btone  monndB,  10  foot  dinniotrr  and  Ti  fert  blub,  witb  bcnno  S  I'oet  wtilo  and  trrnrb  IU"X  IS",  wcro  crtnited 
at  nboTo  dimuicea  from  initial  point.  Tbnt  at  V'si.'^\  tbaios  vuh  Ciiptaiu  FeathtM-Mtonliaiifib'a  aslrtmoniical  mound, and  wns 
bnilt  bv  bim.  An  iron  tablet  mnrlting  oxoct  dcterminutiou  of  paruUel  wai  auuk  C  incbca  in  tbo  ground  in  oentor  of  wound. 
Ko  tublvtn  wcro  placed  outaido  the  mounds  except  at  ofitruuomtcal  mound. 


1 


TlilANGULATION. 

To  connect  Belly  Bivcr  Astronomical  Station  with  40th  Parallel  and  Rocky  Mountain 

Astronomical  Station. 

[Cbaorver,  A.  FeatliorBtcinhniiKli,  U.  £.] 

ABSTHACT  OF  TRIANGLES. 


DIA(iKAM 
TlilANGULATION. 


Trianftlo. 

Anglo. 

Obsorvwl 
antilo. 

Corrce- 
tlun. 

Brfliiced 
aiifilu. 

Ann 

j;  A  T> 
A  111) 
A  It  11 

-1  a-  .v..  64 
7-j  :i.->  Xli.  7 
3j  X  !W.  It) 

-  .'1.3 

71  2H  (10 

72  3,-1  3i< 
35  50  22 

All  E 

A  HE 

A  E  It 
EAE 

1-i  a;  i:i.  :i 
,14  ai  ju.  lo 

-117.04 

73  87  07 
53  Oi'  17 
r.4  24  30 

PE  A 

VEA 
A  It  E 
EAU 

31  ;t;i  M 
'ii  :n  SI.  8 

- 13. 2 

31  33  M 

22  33  311 

12.">  52  40 

AC  1> 

AC  It 

A  It  <■ 
O  A  V 

2.1  43  .'>4.  87 
411  i!-J  17.  4 
113  M  ii.iS 

r  38.  n 

2.-1  43  42 
411  22  0.1 
113  54  13 

DOE 

ncE 

It  E  0 
ODE 

44  31    13.  Cd 
7J  3a  4il.  17 
6'J  M  411.3 

4  38 

44  31  3fi 

73  32  43 
03  55  43 

D  E  r 

n  E  p 

P  V  E 
E  P  D 

47  in  Xi 
^»  l(i  4!l.4 
44  33  3T.5 

T  1.9 

47  111  35 
eS  10  49 
44  33  30 

DP  11 

DP  11 
DlIP 
PDE 

3.-1  02  Hi.  0 
70  03  17.  64 
74  M  5!) 

-20.  7r, 

35  02  34 
70  03  20 
74  54  10 

I)  A  P 

DA  P 
.1  ;'/) 
A  DP 

43  ri.-i  00.  H4 

2.-.  13  r.x  n 
no  .'0  iii.2 

-42  13 

43  ,15  15 
25  14  0!) 
110  50  3li 

1 

A  C  E 

AVE 
('  A  E 

CE  A 

18  47  4!?.  74 
1-JO  13  Oil.  4'-' 
40  r*  oil.  17 

-11.07 

IS  47  .W 
ISO  13  04 
40  59  03 

APE 

A  P  E 
EA  P 
AE  P 

11)  Oil  41.07 
hi  07  ;'4.  IC 

7P     03     m'l 

+40.  Kt 

19  on  28 
81  ,17  21 
78  5:<  11 

DPK 

P  D  K 
D  P  K 
DKP 

01  30  2.'i 

ei*  a.-)  .'iH 

ai  bi  37 

1       "' 

61  30  35 
e«  25  .'iH 
39  57  37 

MI.AHIJIIKMKNT  VttOM  TilK  ZKNITII  TELKECOl'E  TO  THE  49111  I'AIIALLEt,  OK  l.AnTUIIK. 


J/rlMllM-ll  llic.  O  Rillltll  (if  ZI'C.  tt'l.    =  .  75" 

P  Riiiitli  (if  Cbv  tri.inmilatidii 

OlVrtct  to  piiMilU'l  tor  wcMtluji  of  P  from  O 


liii- ,332.10.-1  =  2.5213,-.:in 
Idj:  p  8in  rtfi'ot.) 
For  mill.  Int.  lictwwii  /'  iitiil  (J  -  2.  nOJKIOI 


Chairu. 

I.  153 
332.  IIW 

II.  004 


loK  liO 


0.  51.1.117H 

1.  el  9.-14,19 


rudlltliof  O 

('  Hoiitli  uf  zeii.  tcl. 


I'KOllth  of  ZCIl.  tol. 

Zi.n.  ti'l.  iKirtliof  49' 


y'lliiith  of4!lo 


316.30.1 
0.75 


Sir  0.73 
343.  48 


30.  4'.'7 


loj;  20.427 

l(i(;  imnilirr  of  feet  in  1 
^1  t'ldgWi 


1.  42205 

2.(10.V,9 
C.  Ir045 


Chains. 


.  00i"2U  P  uoMli  of  49°.    40.  5;8 


P  M=  43.3dmiiiJ. 
Uig  sin  az. 


log 


1. 113.148 
9.  99191 


/'not til  of  49" 
Jf  ll(irlll(if49=> 


1.  02739 
Vhahm, 
F.HBtillg    42.401 


logcoH  n/.iiiiiitli  MX 

ir<tt. 

Oor.  iitiiiilier 


1.63.14^ 
9. 281.17 

0. 01705 
Chaivx. 
c.  201  NorUiinp. 

40.  .17ri 

411. 1'39 

==    I.  mine 

-     n.  99103 

--     1. 07978 
=     411. 1-03 


A'ofc.  — 'I'Ihi  ilihtiiiico,  49.863  cbnini*.  w.tft  iiiniHiin'ii  .t\vnji  J/  A'.    Tlio  point  liilIinL'  In  n  liollow  ii  nitc  for  tin-  mniinil  v.-;ii 

M'lortt'il  at  Y.  1.31  cliniiirt  wcHt  of  X    A  Bion luiul,  0  foot  by  13  fiHit  wtit*  built  hi  X     Au  irou  tnlib-t  was  liuiiod  3  Icet  in 

tb'>Kfooii(l  10  foi'tciiHt  of  ibe  liiuiuof  tbo  mound. 

*  I.iiBt  not  iibniM  v<m1. 


TIUANGULATION— Continued. 


Side. 

lA'Dgth 

Aziluu'li 

l.illltllile. 

Depart  iiro. 

Stallon 

l.atituilo. 

Dppartnre. 

Cfiaiim. 

O        *          " 

Chainji. 

Ctiahu. 

Chnhvi. 

Chninii. 

A  D 

ur  007 

1C9  51  01.37 

S.     50.203 

E.   10. 002 

V 

(10.  COO 
S.   liii.Mi4 

OJ.  000 
W.   (iO.  001 

A  D 

Og.EQC 

241  li?  ri7.27 

n 

S.    ICJ  .'.04 
S.    149.  coil 

W.   09  001 
v..    20.(ifll 

B  D 

oa  i;3ii 

277  15  23.37 

\  P  (.) 

S    .1.tt.  101 

\V.    J!l.30O 

A  E 

08.  043 

115  20  22.21 

c 

oo.roo 

(10  000 

11  E 

5a033 

03  18  0.-..  21 

A 

S.   13-012 
S,    13P..012 

E.    II.  .'.34 

i;   11, -ku 

n  E  (,) 

H3.(i9 

p  k) 

S.   104.  107 
S.  332.170 

w.  f.a.  ai04 

W.    40.296 

D  i:  (,) 

ii:).7l.-. 

D  E  (nu:in) 

n:i.  70J 

Kl  ,)2  .M.88 

(t 

00. 000 
R.  13M.012 

00.000 
E.    11.  ,1:14 

CD 

lll.-i.  40 

iyio  .'.7  o:i.  70 

S.  IH2..%4 

W.  09.  901 

A 

S.   138  012 
S.     50. 203 

E.    Il..-i:l4 
E.    10.002 

0  E 

l^'i47 

l.-.(i  25  33.  fH 

S.  107.245 

E.  7i970.< 

11 

S.   104.215 
S.   137.949 

v..    21.  .'.90 
\\.    70.902 

A  0  (,) 

laa  400 

P  (,) 

8.  332.1(14 

W,    40,300 

A   0  U) 

138.  Ifl) 

c 

CO,  000 

00.  000 

A  0  (ino.iii) 

l.J^.  -lO.-) 

175  13  21.79 

S.  13a  012 

E.  11  ,'.34 

E 

S.   11.7.245 
S.   107.245 

E,    72,  0708 
i:.    72.97118 

P  D  (,) 

1,-1.  o;8 

P  U) 

S.   104.  Oil 
S.  J32.10P 

W.  102.281 
\V.    40.301 

/•  n  (,) 

1SI.0J4 

r  n  (j) 

131.01.-> 

P  d) 

S.  332.  104 

W.    40.  300 

r  D  (moan) 

l,-.l.  0-'2 

172  00  St.  37 

S.  140.000 

E    20.li01 

P  (.) 

S.         .  179 
S.         .  104 

W.        .  200 
W.        .300 

!•  A  (,) 

20:1.  477 

P  (,) 
P  (moan) 

S.          .  108 
S.  332.  109 

\V.        .301 
W.    49.301 

/'  .1  hi 

■.0:l.  4.VJ 

r  A  (mrnu! 

5(l:l.  404 

107  ^3  42.27 

S.  1114.107     W.    OO.K!OI 

1  r 

00. 000 

00.000 

P  E  (,l 

20,-).  :io 

-V 

OO.  000 

E.      1,34 
E.      1.34 

P  i:  (,i 

20."..  ;m:i 

j/ 

N.    4^.839 
N.    4^^3•.) 

w.  ;oo.8 
w.    a  iioM 

P  K  (iiM'un) 

20.-..  :il 

21(i  33  l(i.  en 

S.  104.923     W.122.a<l 

1 

i '' 

S.      a  201 
N.    40.  .'.78 

W.    42.403 
\V.    51.  101 

/■  1! 

i.-.:..  103 

207  12  07. 03 

S.  137.049  ,  W.    70.903 

•K 

N.    4X490 
N.    P4.01i4 

E.  202.  451 
E,  211.  3.-0 

PK 

acii.  03 

eO  35  31.  37 

X.    43.480      E.20'i4jl 

*  TliU  18  tlio  A'  refcrreil  to  hy  Lieutenant  (.Jjiiwey  in  iiin  report. 


2o;i 


<      i 


It 


NOTES  ON  GEODETIC  FORMULA. 


By  Lieut.  V.  V.  Gbeemk. 


! 


Tlio  I'uruinltB  used  in  obtiiiniiif;  the  offsets  from  the  tanf^ent  to  the  parallel  are 
simply  motlitiuations  of  tlio  general  forninlcc  for  geodetic  latitudes,  longitudes,  and 
i-ote  azimuths.    The  general  problem  is,  given  the  latitude  and  longitude  of 

M,  the  length  of  M  M'  and  its  azimuth  at  ^f;  required  the  latitude  and 
longitude  of  J/',  and  the  azimuth  of  MM'  at  M'. 

If  the  earth  were  a  perfect  sphere,  the  solution  of  the  spherical  tri- 
angle, of  which  three  jiarts  are  given,  would  afford  the  desired  result 
exactly;  and  the  earlj-  geographers  used  this  solution,  taking  as  a 
radius  of  the  terrestriid  sphere  the  radius  of  curvature,  as  accurately  as  their  knowl- 
edge of  tlie  earth's  figure  gave  it,  at  the  middle  point  of  M  M'.  The  error  was  not  so 
large  as  would  at  first  appear,  being  only  about  two  feet  in  fifty  miles. 

In  the  measurement  of  the  French  arc  of  meridian,  however,  more  accurate  for- 
mulaj  were  devised — tliat  is,  to  the  formula",  as  derived  above,  were  applied  corrections 
necessitated  by  the  si)lieroidal  figure  of  tiie  earth.  And  in  deducing  the  formulfc,  in- 
stead of  using  Napier's  Analogies  directly,  forinidoe  derived  from  tlieso  were  used,  in 
which  the  values  of  sines,  cosines,  &c.,  were  exi>ressod  in  the  form  of  a  series.  This 
is  really  only  an  approximation  "of  imlefiiiite  accuracy,"  but  in  its  application  it  gives 
results  numerically  more  accurate  than  the  direct  formuhc,  owing  to  the  imperfection 
of  the  tables  of  logarithmic  sines,  &c.,  for  very  small  arcs. 

The  corrections  on  account  of  spheroidal  figure  will  be  readily 
ai)parc  t  liom  the  accompanying  figure.  Let  M  and  .1/'  be  the 
two  points,  atul  Pthe  pole  of  the  earth;  N M  the  normal  at  M, 
and  p  the  pole  of  a  sphere  with  that  radius;  M'  N  the  normal  at 
.1/';  Pa  the  meridian  from  which  longitudes  are  reckoned.  Now 
the  solution  by  spherical  trigonometry  gives  for  colatitndeof  M' 
the  arc  p  M'  —p  X'  M';  but  the  true  eolatitude  is  the  angle  p 
N  M',  being  the  angle  between  the  normal  at  il/' and  the  axis. 
The  dilferenec  between  the  two  is  the  angle  N'  M'  If  =  <!'. 

There  is,  evidently,  no  correction  to  the  longitude  for  the 
/'  il/',  since  each  is  the  angle  cut  from  two  planes  by  ai)lane  per- 


augle  M  II  M'  =  .1/ 
]iendicular  to  their  intersection. 


I 


8M 


■;,     y 


250 


UNITED  STATES  NOHTHKUN    HOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Tho  correction  to  tbe  uziimith  is  tlie  tlidi'ipiice  betwi'oii  the  inij.;U'  /»  .1/'  M  and 
J'  M'  M.  Tliis  correction  can  always  \w  nt'Kli'cti'tl,  boing  equal  to  less  than  oiicteutli 
of  »  second  in  a  bundred  miles. 

The  general  t'ormuin)  are  then  aa  follows  {neglecting;  terms  beyond  second  order, 
wbicli  can  be  done  for  distances  less  than  Ufty  miles):* 

((I)      U  -ir  =  {u  cos  Z+  hu^  sin  1"  sin'  Z  tan  //")  (1  +  c^  cos*  U) 

^    '  ClIS  Jl  -  COS   Ji 

(, )      Z'  -  Z   =:  l,S(»o  -  H  sin  Z  tini  Jl  +  ^  n-  sin  1"  sin  'Ji  Z {[  +  2  tan*  /i) 

,  .  ,  A' (1  -f'sin*  y/)'        ,-        1 

in  wliicli    M  =  — 5^— — - — '    =A.r   .— f„ 

«  sni  1"  iV^  sin  I" 

and  iV=  Normal  or  radius  of  curvature 

7/ and //'  =  Latitudes. 

r  and  1"  =  Longitudes. 

Z  and  Z'  =  Azimuths. 

/, ~"i,p>and  the  formulte  become 

(«')  i/-7/'  =  /c**""^^+;j;*;;r^*=jc*(; mgc  =2.4383317 

(//)      1"  -  1'   =  K  ^v^^Tn^'TiTiTT/  =^^' '"S  C"   =  !».(>302014 

(c'')      ;?'  =  !I(P  -  A'  v" -4/-,  =  f"i°  -  KC" log  C"  =  umsoivj 

^    '  A  sin  1"  " 


i 


Of  these  logarithms  the  first  is  the  logarithm  of  C,  in  feet,  obtained  by  niu!ti|'lying 
C  in  arc  by  1(»1.;J4,  tho  value  of  one  second  of  latitude  at  4!P.    The  others  are  in  arc. 

From  these  simple  formula),  by  substituMng  tor  K  the  length  of  tan;;ent  in  feet,  wo 
can  form  a  tai)Ie  of  offsets  and  azimuths  for  the  argument  7l.  1)i  tiie  tattle  u^etl  in  tho 
Held,  the  arguments  were  miles  and  thousands  of  feet ;  between  the  latter  it  was  easy 
to  interpolate.    A  portion  of  this  table  is  here  given. 

".See  riiissiiiit,  TriiitcS  do  G^xli'sic  (I'ditiim  IrtlU),  livro  III,  cliiipitri-  XV.  In  uddilion  ui  tlic  Ki>liitii)ii 
indienti'd  nliovo,  in;  hIvis  a  verjclr'^nnt  iin'tlind,  CirHt  iiropcticd  liy  Li'gciidiv,  wliii'li  I'liiplovw  llir  dillci'- 
uiitinl  Ciilcidiis.  Katli  of  llic  icciuiird  <|iiantilii'S  is  iiciesBniily  a  fiincliciii  ol  llic  lrii;{lli  ol  .1/  .1/ .  Tlusc 
fmu'tioiis  iiri'  dcvi'lopod  by  Mui'Iaiii'iii'K  tlKMiiriii,  niid  for  tlii'  dill'i'iintiiil  c<M'tliciri;ts  nir  Kiibstimtrd  tlii'ir 
viilnrH  ill  tcrnix  of  llie  circular  fiinctioiiM.  Tim  rcuultiug  formulii)  are  the  eiiuie  n»  tliusc  nivcii  aliovc.  al'lcr 
applying;  tlie  splicroidul  correctiuii  fur  lalitudn. 


ir 


■    1, 


■■.l\ 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 

OFFSETS  AND  AZIMUTHS. 


257 


MUes. 

K. 

n—H'. 

Z'. 

Ftrl. 

Feet. 

O         II 

1 

1000 

.03 

89    .'■>9 

48.7 

2000 

.11 

37.4 

3000 

.24 

26.1 

4000 

.44 

14.8 

6000 

.0!) 

03.5 

1 

5280 

.76 

00.2 

GOOO 

.90 

68 

52.1 

7000 

1.34 

40.9 

BOOO 

1.76 

29.6 

9000 

2.28 

18.3 

10000 

2.74 

07.0 

2 

105C0 

3.06 

00.6 

3 

l.^P40 

6.88 

67 

00.7 

4 

2U.iO 

12.24 

66 

0t).9 

.■> 

2G400 

19.12 

65 

01.2 

10 

62800 

70.49 

50 

02.4 

15 

TJWOO 

172. 10 

45 

03.6 

20 

105600 

305.96 

40 

04.8 

25 

132000 

478. 06 

35 

06.0 

30 

158400 

688.40 

30 

07.2 

In  tbis  connection,  it  is  a  matter  of  some  interest  to  see  liow  mucli  nnmerical  error 
\rould  result  from  neglecting  the  sphi-roidal  corrections. 

These  results  are  shown  in  the  accompanying  table,  in  which  the  column  O  con- 
tains the  accurate  offsets,  and  Oi  those  derived  from  the  formuliB,  neglecting  spheroidal 
corrections. 


Milep. 

0. 

0,. 

5 

19. 12 

19.07 

10 

76. 49 

76.27 

15 

172. 10 

171.61 

20 

305. 96 

305. 08 

The  formulsB  used  in  the  Bi'itit<h  Ordnance  Surrey  are  derived  by  solving  the 
spherical  triangle  by  Kapler's  Analogies,  and  then  introducing  the  correction  to  the 
latitude  in  the  form  of  a  series.  Their  general  form  is  as  follows,  the  letters  repre- 
senting the  game  quantities  as  before : — 


tan  i  (Z' +  C  +  P)  =  £5iii»2i=4^^  cot  J  Z 


tan  i  (Z*  +  C  -  P) 
M  B 17 


J  (00° 

.sin^(90O-g-tf)  „ 

■  sin  i  (OOO  -U+V)^^* 


258 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

A/  _  A  -  -S^  Bill  A  {Z'  +  :  -  Z)/^        (f*       ,      ^,  _  ^.  \ 

C  =  i  -^^co»»i7  Hill  2  Z 


For 


i  Z  =  dOO\ 
\  II  =  490  ] 


tbesu  reduce  to 


tan  i  (Z'  +  P)  = 


tan  i  (^'  -  /')  = 


co-si  (41°- f) 
co8i(4lo  +  ^) 

Bin  i  (410 -y) 
sin  5  (410  +  ^^ 


l'-X  =  ^l  8ih_J_(Z^!t(»o)  /         ^£n  »  c, 


TTVfios*  4  (Z'-90O) 


k 


) 


For  general  purposes  of  geodetic  calculation,  these  formnlie  are  as  convenient  as 
those  given  by  Puissant;  but  for  our  special  purposes  they  are  extremely  inconvenient, 
for  the  variable  quantity  K,  or  length  of  tangent,  does  not  appear  as  a  factor,  but  as 
part  of  a  factor,  and  all  three  equations  must  be  solved  to  obtain  a  single  offset, 
whereas,  as  wo  have  seen,  with  Puissaut's  formulsB  only  one  equation  need  be  solved, 
viz,  H  —  H'  ==  E?  0.    The  nnmeriQal  result  is  exactly  the  same,  in  both  cases. 


\\\ 


11 
11  ■ 
?|' 
Hit 


I  -it 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  MEAN  AND  ASTRONOMICAL  PARALLEL. 

An  astronomical  parallel  of  latitude  is  the  line  of  intersection  of  the 
surface  of  the  earth  by  a  cone  whose  apex  is  at  the  center  of  noimals 
and  whose  elements  make  an  angle  with  the  axis  of  the  earth  equal  to  the 
complement  of  the  latitude. 

The  earth  being  considered  n  spheroid  or  an  ellipsoid  of  revolution, 
each  parallel  of  latitude  is  mathematically  a  circle.  IJut  owing  to  iiTCgu- 
larities  of  elevation  in  the  surface,  the  parallel  is  actually  a  curve  of  irregu- 
lar curvature,  approximating,  however,  very  closely,  in  its  general  course, 
to  a  circle.  Rejecting  instrumental  and  local  errors,  such  a  curve  would  be 
detemn'ned  by  fixing  each  point  astronomically.  If  the  connection  between 
successive  astronomical  stations  on  a  given  parallel  of  latitude  were  made 
by  tangents  to  a  small  circle,  the  resulting  errors  would  be  very  great, 
depending  on  the  relative  altitude  of  the  stations  and  the  latitude.  As, 
however,  in  ])ractice,  the  stations  are  connected  by  tangents  to  a  great 
circle,  the  resulting  errors  are  insignificant  and  may  be  neglected.  It  is 
manifestly  the  true  and  the  only  possible  parallel  of  latitude,  although  not 
a  mathematical  figure.  For  purposes  of  geodetic  computation,  it  must  be 
referred  to  a  uniform  sea-level,  when  it  becomes  a  circle.  For  all  ordinary 
])urposes,  this  may  be  assumed  as  the  true  shape. 

In  marking  a  parallel  of  latitude  on  the  actual  surface  of  the  earth, 
smother  and  most  serious  difficulty  is  at  once  encountered  in  the  anomalous 
deflections  of  the  plumb-line,  due  to  local  attractions.  All  astronomical 
determinations  are  referred,  by  means  of  the  level,  to  the  direction  of  the 
resultant  force  of  gravity.  If,  then,  this  direction  is  aft'ected  by  the  protru- 
sion above  the  surface  of  mountain-masses,  or  by  variations  in  the  density 


260 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  GOHMISSION. 


of  the  earth's  crust  below  the  surface,  each  astronomical  determination  will 
be  in  error  by  the  amount  of  such  deflection.  Science  affords  only  approx- 
imate methods  of  correcting  these  errors,  and  they  of  such  difficult  and 
doubtful  application  as  to  be  of  no  practical  use,  except  in  extreme  cases, 
and  for  exceptional  purposes.  In  a  triangulation,  the  relation  of  the  various 
points  depends  solely  on  the  measm-emeut  of  horizontal  angles,  and  is  not 
appreciably  affected  by  local  disturbances,  though  the  whole  system  will 
be  in  error  by  the  amount  of  the  error  in  position  of  the  astronomical  station 
to  which  it  is  referred. 

If,  therefore,  it  were  desired  to  lay  out  upon  the  surface  of  the  earth  a 
mathematical  circle  of  latitude,  the  relative  positions  would  be  made  to 
depend  upon  a  series  of  triangles,  referred  to  a  measured  base  and  a  mean 
astronomical  position.  But  in  the  definition  of  a  circle  of  latitude  for  the 
purposes  of  a  boundary,  practical  rather  than  mathematical  considerations 
determine  the  methods  to  be  followed.  The  ruling  conditions  may  be 
briefly  stated.  The  boundary  must  be  clearly  defined  by  visible  monu- 
ments, and  the  positions  of  these  marks  must  be  such  that,  in  case  of  their 
loss,  the  points  can  be  easily  and  accurately  recovered.  The  only  simple 
method  of  recovery  is  by  astronomical  observation,  and  since  the  local 
deflections  of  the  plumb-line  are  supposed  not  to  vary  for  long  periods  of 
time,  the  process  is  easy  and  accurate. 

At  the  time  of  the  organization  of  this  joint  commission,  the  chief 
astronomers  of  the  English  and  United  States  commissions  were  in  accord 
in  this  view,  that  the  parallel  of  latitude,  as  defined  by  astronomical  obser- 
vation at  successive  points,  was,  for  the  purpose  required,  a  true  parallel, 
and  the  only  one  that  would  fulfill  the  practical  condition  of  being  readily 
recovered.  Tlie  question  as  presented,  and  which  at  the  time  gave  rise  to 
much  discussion,  was  whether  to  define  upon  the  ground  an  astronomical 
parallel  of  latitude,  as  above  described,  or  a  imiform  line  depending  upon 
the  mean  of  the  astronomical  stations.  The  recommendation  of  the  chief 
astronomers  was  based  on  the  following  grounds:  Ist,  that  the  portion  of 
the  parallel  of  49°  included  within  the  operations  of  the  commission,  being 
only  about  one-twentieth  of  the  entire  circle  of  latitude,  was  not  sufficient 
to  fix,  with  any  mathematical  accuracy,  the  true  position  of  the  mean  line 


• 


U.S.  NORTHERN    BOUNDAHY    COMMISSION 


^. 


DIAGRAM 


showino' 


or 


Horizontal  Scale    I  ijich  -  1(1  „,i|,.s 
St-.ae  of  Oidiiiates  1  Uicli  -  l()(Hl  tVt-t 


/ 

rt' 


■^2-}'\    Tana-ent  lines 


»c 


-^  -  \    IkrAllel  as  maried Jyy moLiiidc< 

'"  *1  p 
J»:  l\^^^^l^i^  of  the  Js/romimcM  Station 

'",'«.>/.'  Mean  Parallel 


Stations 

DiST/i/^ces 

STitTlON  £mRO>H 

'^tW  -(tof/v  P4KALLEL 

Md  Cofeau 

Brit  N"  20 

a6'"oi4 
24  "601 

373*7     S 

14. 35  prrnnle 

180.0     N 
1937    S 

Bully  Sprmg 

22":  202 

1115      N 

4.53    ..     ., 

82.2    S 

Poplar  River 

181  .7     N 

8.18    •■     •• 

99.3  N 

""HI 


^■^ 


RBPOUT  OF  TUE  CHIKP  A8TUONOMER. 


261 


of  49°,  and  that,  tlieroforo,  if  hucIi  a  parallel  wcro  (loHcrihed,  doponding'  on 
tlio  mean  of  tlio  astronomical  Htations,  no  known  point  of  tlio  Imiindary 
wonld  bo  in  latitude  4!t^;  2d,  that  as  tho  aniplitndc  of  tho  arcs  included 
between  the  mean  and  tiie  astronranical  paralhls,  would  in  nuiny  canes  bo 
very  considerable,  ^^ravo  errors  and  complications  mif,'ht  arise  in  tho  subso- 
qiiont  recovery  of  any  lost  portion  ftf  the  boundary;  'M\,  that  the  definition 
of  a  moan  lino  would  involve  n  readjustment  of  the  whole  boundary,  after 
tho  fu'st  careful  survey  shouhl  have  been  comj^leted,  and  consequently  a 
very  considerable  increase  of  expense,  without  any  practical  benefit  accru- 
ing; 4th,  that  for  every  jiurposo  excej)t  that  f)f  {geodetic  computation,  a 
))arallel  consistinjj  of  points  determined  astronomically  (instrumental  on'ors 
aside)  is  a  true  parallel  of  latitude,  and,  therefore,  fulfills  tho  stipulations  of 
the  treaty  under  which  tho  joint  commission  was  organized. 

These  views  were  accepted  by  the  commissioners,  and  tho  following 
scheme  adopted  for  tho  definition  of  the  boundary:  Astrononncal  positions 
were  to  be  determi  (ed  at  a])proximate  intervals  of  twenty  miles.  These 
stations  ^^  re  to  bo  connected  by  tracing  upon  tho  ground  tangents  to  the 
prime  vertical  circles  at  each  successive  point.  From  these  tangents, 
checked  and  corrected  for  errors  of  azinnith,  tho  calculated  offsets  to  the 
small  circle  of  latitude  were  to  be  measured  at  convenient  intervals,  varying 
from  ono  to  three  miles.  From  the  last-measured  offset  the  relative  station- 
error  was  to  be  found,  and  distributed  between  the  stations  in  the  ratio  of 
tho  distances. 

From  this  method  it  results  that  the  boundary -line,  as  actually  traced, 
is  an  irregular  curve,  affected  at  each  astronomical  station  by  instrumental 
errors  and  by  the  local  deflections  of  the  plund)-line,  but  making  the  closest 
probable  approximation,  at  every  point,  to  a  tnio  astronomical  j)arallel. 

In  the  accompanying  diagram  I  have  attempted  to  explain,  by  a  graphic 
representation,  the  amount  of  the  discrepancies  between  the  lino  actually 
defined  and  a  mean  line,  and  to  show  apj)roximately  the  probable  causes  of 
relative  errors  indicated.  I  have  also  added  to  this  report  a  table  of  azimuths, 
showing  the  actiud  direction  from  each  monument  to  the  next  succeeding 
ono  going  west  (see  page  35  to  page  40). 

As  this  is  a  subject  with  which  comparatively  few  persons  are  familiar, 


/ 


/ 


262 


UNITED  STATES  NORTUERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


a  short  statement  of  the  amount  of  such  relative  errors  in  other  geodetic 
work,  and  of  the  methods  by  which  it  has  l)oen  attempte<l  to  correct  tlicm, 
will  not  be  out  of  place;  after  which  will  naturall}'  follow  the  application 
of  the  general  theory  to  the  case  in  hand.  (For  full  and  complete  discus- 
sion, see  Encycloi)edia  of  Astronomy,  Airy;  English  Ordnance  Survey, 
Clarke:  Figure  of  the  Earth,  Pratt,  fourth  edition.) 

Local  deflections  of  the  plumb-line,  due  to  the  attraction  of  compara- 
tively small  masses,  is  argued  from  the  general  law  of  attractions,  from 
direct  experiment,  and  from  the  lack  of  agreement  between  the  astronom- 
ical and  geodetic  determinations  of  the  relation  of  points  on  the  earth's 
surface,  as  developed  in  the  measurement  of  certain  meridional  arcs,  which 
discrepancies  exceed  in  amount  any  possible  instrumental  error  or  error  of 
calculation. 

The  first  experiments  on  local  deflection  were  directed  toward  the  de- 
termination of  the  mean  density  of  the  earth.  In  the  progress  of  this  in- 
vestigation at  Shehallein,  Scotland,  an  anomalous  deflection,  amounting  to 
11". (J,  was  found  between  two  stations  on  opposite  sides  of  the  mountain. 
Various  other  measures  of  deflection  were  obtained  at  different  times  by 
siniilar  methods,  but  none  of  any  reliable  accuracy  until,  in  investigating 
the  form  of  the  earth  by  the  measurement  of  meridional  arcs,  relative  errors 
which  could  not  be  reconciled  were  found  to  exist  between  most,  if  not  all, 
of  the  astronomical  points.  Even  in  this  ca.se  the  absolute  deflections  were 
not  found,  since  each  station  was  referred  to  the  mean  of  all  by  a  mean 
curve  which  reduced  the  sum  of  the  errors  to  a  minimum,  and  which, 
therefore,  only  approximately  satisfied  the  conditions — that  is,  the  method 
would  not  detect  constant  or  uniformly  varying  errors. 

In  the  three  great  measured  arcs  the  local  errors  due  to  deflection  vary 
from  — y".384  to  +4".82G  in  the  Anglo-Gallic,  from  — 2".429  to  -f  o".80;) 
in  the  Russian,  and  from  — 3". 155  to  -(-8".r22  in  the  Indian  arc,  showing 
an  extreme  range  of  8".210,  G".238,  and  G".277,  respectively  (I'ratt's 
Figure  of  the  Earth).  As  each  second  of  arc  rejjrcsents  about  one  hundred 
and  one  feet,  the  discrepancies  are  quite  apparent,  and  are  readily  detected 
by  geodetic  methods  of  any  tolerable  accuracy.  Other  and  miu-h  larger 
relative  errors  have  been  discovered,  amounting  to  20",  ."50",  and  even  10" 


REPORT  OF  THI']  CUIBF  ASTRONOMER. 


263 


(Airy's  Figure  of  tlie  Earth,  Encyclopedia  of  Astronomy),  though  the  data 
in  these  extreme  cases  are  not  entirely  reliable. 

The  fact  of  local  deflections  being  est.iblished,  the  attention  of  mathe- 
maticians was  turned  to  the  investigation  of  the  causes  and  probable  coirec- 
tions.  In  this  much  ingenuity  iias  been  displayed,  but  with  very  small  results. 
Starting  with  the  general  law  that  every  particle  of  matter  attracts  each  other 
particle  with  a  force  varying  directly  with  the  mass  and  inversely  with  the 
square  of  the  distance,  the  attraction  of  masses  of  mathematical  forms  on  dis- 
tant pai'ticles  was  found  by  dividing  moiiitain-ranges  and  other  elevations 
into  volumes  bearing  known  mathematii  al  relations;  the  probable  deflection 
of  the  plumb-line  due  to  such  causes  was  found  for  difl'erent  distances,  on 
the  supposition  tliat  the  mean  density  of  the  large  volumes  was  uniform  for 
different  parts  of  the  earth's  crust.  Thus,  it  was  found  that  at  the  northern 
station  of  the  great  Indian  arc  the  attraction  of  the  Himalayas  should  cause 
a  deflection  of  28",  which  should  decrease  at  the  next  two  j)rincip{il  stations 
by  ir/'.O  and  21  ".1,  respectively,  while  the  dehcieiicy  of  matter  in  the  ocean 
should  produce  timilar  northern  dellections.  'i'hese  calcidations  were  not 
absolute,  siiui;  ilie  contour  of  the  iiiouiitains  and  of  the  ocean-bed  was  only 
approximately  known,  but  the  aj)pioxiniations  were  sujiposed  to  be  suffi- 
ciently close.  It  was  found,  however,  tiiat  the  actual  deflections  were 
much  smaller  than  those  given  by  calculation,  and  that,  in  many  cases,  the 
defl<3tion  was  toward  the  ocean.  The  explanation  of  this  lies  in  the  vary- 
ing density  of  the  earth's  crust.  The  facts  discovered  indicate  that  the  den- 
sity is  greati^f  in  the  depressed,  and  less  in  the  elevated  portions.  This 
follows  naturally,  although  in  reality  independent  of  any  special  theory, 
i'roin  the  fluid  hy])othesis  of  the  earth's  formation.  The  process  of  cooling 
from  the  surface  iiiv.ard  was  accompanied  by  a  corresponding  contraction 
and  increase  of  density.  From  this  contraction  resulted  enormous  strains 
on  tlie  interior  Ihiid  portion,  whicli  were  relieved  by  fractures  of  the  crust 
and  the  u])liea\al  of  mountain-ranges.  While  the  thickness  of  the  solid 
portion  is  now  so  great  as  to  prevent  general  catastrophes,  such  as  very 
probably  occurred  in  earlier  times,  yet  there  still  remain  vast  molten  masses 
inclosed  within  the  crust,  which  from  time  to  time  give  evidence  of  their 
presence  by  volcanic  eruptions. 


i 


;■ 


N 


,  !< 


'.      ia 


264 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


From  this  theory  of  the  gradual  cooling  and  conti'action  of  the  earth's 
crust,  the  attraction  of  tho  i)lumb-line  toward  tho  ocean  naturally  follows, 
since  the  density  would  be  gi-eatest  beneath  the  depressed  basins  into  which 
the  waters  of  the  sens  gradually  flowed. 

In  calculating  the  deflections  of  the  plumb-line  due  to  visible  mc  antain- 
masses,  it  has  been  found  that  tho  calculated  relative  errors  very  largely 
exceed  those  derived  from  the  observations  and  geodetic  connections.  From 
this,  a  deficiency  of  matter  beneath  tho  mountain-ranges  was  at  once  in- 
ferred, either  resulting  from  vacant  spaces  or  from  a  decreased  density. 
The  latter  supposition  recommends  itself  as  the  most  probable,  and  most  in 
accord  with  the  accepted  theory  of  tlie  gradual  consolidation  of  the  earth's 
crust.  The  effect  of  a  very  sliglit  deficiency  in  density  on  the  direction  of 
tho  plumb  is  strikingly  shown  by  the  subjoined  table,  taken  from  Pratt's 
Figure  of  tho  Earth: — 


I 


';if 


■31 

4 


>^  V. 


mi 


mt 


Deflections  caused  by  an  excess  or  defect  of  matter  prevailing  through  a  semi  cubic  space  200 
miles  in  each  horizontal  side  and  1((0  miles  deep,  the  density  of  the  excess  or  defect  being 
ritr  of  the  carth^s  density  at  the  center  of  the  semi  cubic  space. 


Distance  of  tho  niiil-point  of  the 
senii-OMbic.  8|inc(i  (Voin  tbo  sta- 
tion, nieasniid  iili>n){  tlit,'  chord, 
in  miles. 

400 

1 
(illO    i      >uo 

1,000 

When  that  ci'iiter  in  .W  niilcN  <lei'|) 1".  77 

«".  81       0".  4() 

0".  ao 

From  this  we  see  at  once  how  great  tho  local  disturbance  from  this 
cause  may  be,  and  over  Avhat  immense  distances  the  appreciable  effects  may 
extend.  It  also,  as  a  natural  consequence,  indicates  that  every  effort  to  '^■'1- 
culate  tho  amount  of  the  errors  resulting  from  local  deflections  must  be  con- 
fined to  localities  whore  the  immediate  effect  of  large  visible  masses,  near 
at  hand,  will  greatly  exceed  in  amount  the  resultant  of  all  tho  distant  dis- 
turbing forces. 

The  accompanying  sketches  will  illustrate  sufficiently  the  amount  of 
the  local  deflections  along  tho  northern  l)oundary,  from  the  Lako  of  the 
Woods  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  will  make  clear  to  land-surveyors, 


I!  "I 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER. 


265 


and  others  who  may  have  occasion  to  close  their  work  on  this  line,  the 
cause  of  the  constant  changes  in  the  azimuths,  which,  unless  perfectly 
understood,  might  at  some  time  give  much  trouble  in  adjusting  their  worlc. 

The  first  diagram,  showing  the  "  method  of  tracing  the  parallel,"  gives 
the  actual  line,  as  adjusted  and  marked,  between  the  astronomical  stations 
at  the  Mid-Coteau  and  at  the  Poplar  River,  including  two  intermediate 
stations,  the  heavy  line  being  the  boundary,  as  marked,  and  the  light  con- 
tinuous line  the  relative  position  of  the  mean  parallel  of  latitude,  deduced 
from  the  entire  series  of  forty-one  stations  between  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
and  the  summit  of  the  Rociy  Mountains.  The  remaining  lines  show  the 
method  of  connecting  the  stations,  the  calculated  offsets,  and  the  manner  of 
distributing  the  relative  errors  in  latitude  due  to  local  deflections  of  the 
pkmib-line.  This  discrepancy  between  succeeding  astronomical  points  1 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  designating  as  the  "  Station-error." 

From  the  attached  table,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  station-errors  affect 
the  azimuths  between  different  stations  l)y  a  variable  quantity,  but  in  every 
case  by  an  amount  sufficient  to  be  easily  appreciable  with  ordinary  survey- 
ing instruments. 

In  regai'd  to  the  accuracy  of  the  instrumental  lino,  a  few  words  of 
explanation  will  be  sufficient  to  indicate  at  about  what  amount  the  limit  of 
error  for  the  astronomical  and  other  instrumental  work  may  be  fixed. 

Of  the  forty-one  astronomical  stations,  four  were  observed  jointly  by 
the  two  commissions,  the  difference  in  the  determinations  in  each  case  being 
thirty-two  feet,  tweiit}  -nine  feet,  seven  feet,  and  twenty-sovon  feet,  respect- 
ively. As  those  were  the  first  stations  observed,  and  as  the  general  quality 
of  the  work  constantly  improved,  it  is  probable  that  if  the  others  had  been 
observed  jointly,  a  very  considerable  reduction  in  the  avenige  discrepancies 
would  have  been  found.  Of  the  remaining  stations,  seventeen  were  observed 
by  the  United  States,  nineteen  by  the  Englisli  astronomers,  and  one  jointly 
by  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Commission.  The  mean  of  the  jiroliable 
errors  of  the  British  stations  was  -_b".08S,  and  of  those  of  the  United  States 
±".059.  The  average  of  the  probable  errors  is  then  ix  fraction  over  seven 
feet.  Although  such  mathematical  probable  errors  are  more  or  less  falla- 
cious owing  to  the  fact  that  constant  errors  are  not  included,  still  they  give 


I 


i- 


266 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


a  fair  measm'e  of  the  general  character  of  the  work  done,  and  ofiFer  sufficient 
ground  for  tlie  conclusion  that.,  if  re-observed,  the  difference  in  any  one  case 
would  hardly  exceed  twenty-five  feet,  while  a  general  mean  would  probably 
not  exceed  seven  feet. 

From  an  examination  of  the  geodetic  connections,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  mean  en-or  of  the  connecting  tangents,  in  azimuth,  is  about  14",  which 
would  imply  an  error  of  connection  between  the  stations  of  nine  feet. 

In  agreements  between  the  chief  astronomers  of  the  joint  commission 
in  beginning  the  work,  the  limit  of  eiTor  was  supposed  to  be  less  than  fifty 
feet  in  the  astronomical  positions  and  the  geodetic  connection  between  two 
neighboring  stations.  From  the  result  i  of  the  work  this  may  safely  be 
taken  as  the  extreme  limit,  while  the  average  errors,  everything  included, 
will  doubtless  be  much  smaller.  Assuming,  then,  that  the  limiting  error  is 
fifty  feet,  we  find  that  the  supposition  will  account  for  less  than  one-fourth 
of  the  average  station-error,  which,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  Table 
A,  amounts  to  2".  146,  or  about  two  hundred  and  seventeen  feet,  each 
station  being  referred  to  the  mean  of  all,  or  less  than  one-sixteenth  of  the 
extreme  deflection,  as  shown  at  station  34. 

To  illusti'ate  this  matter  more  fully,  I  have  prepared  the  accompanying 
diagram,  showing  the  "  relative  errors  of  astronomical  stations  in  latitude, 
resulting  from  local  deflections  of  the  plumb-line."  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  in  tracing  a  parallel  by  observed  latitudes,  only  one  component 
of  the  deflection  is  detected — that  is,  the  component  in  the  direction  north 
and  south — since  that  in  the  direction  east  and  west  depends  on  a  determi- 
nation of  longitude  more  accurate  than  is  compatible  with  the  economic 
interests  of  such  a  survey.  The  diagram  referred  to  shows:  1st.  A  profile 
of  the  line ;  2d.  The  relation  of  each  astronomical  position  to  the  mean 
parallel;  3d.  The  topography,  so  far  as  known,  extending  for  half  a  degree 
on  either  side.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  beyond  five  miles,  which 
was  the  limit  of  actual  survey,  the  contours  are  only  approximately  known. 

In  examining  the  profile,  the  first  general  fact  which  strikes  the  eye  is 
that  fi'om  the  lowest  point  of  the  basin  of  the  Red  River  to  the  foot  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  a  distance  of  about  seven  inmdred  and  fortj' miles,  there 
is  a  gradual  rise  of  about  3,425  feet,  or  an  average  of  4.6  feet  to  the  mile. 


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UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION 


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DIAGRAM 

loilliistralt;  the 

RELATIVE  ERRORS  OF  ASTRONOMICAl.  ST. 

resulting  I'rom 

LOCAL  DEFIiXrnONS  OF  THI-:  PLIJIVI 


_..••■' ■•■■-"■•■ •••••• , 

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""*•• ^ •-- ^- *....  „ .'"--..,.. i:i::;lJII^^*-->w_J" 

« 

PROFILE 

Ilumontal  Sctll«rlinl^u 30  miles  i:oj,oao<T 
ViTlioul  Scale  J  iiidr. 40001. •el,    ^^(^y 

yF=~«,     -.• -- .... ........... 

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ei                            ao                              19                           "■       1 

MEAN  AND  ASTRQNDMiCAL  PAI 


Scale  of  abs(i.ssiu.:lm(.h..^Oiniles  liMnuifio 
Srale  ofordinales:  1  inch.  8"i»t'  lat..  810.7211? ft  972'j 


TOPOGRAPHY 

Scale  ilndi^^) miles ijsoolooo. 

104" 


AGRAM 

lo  illustrate  tin: 

RONOMCAl.  STATIONS  IN  LATITUDE 

resulting  from 

IONS  OF  THE  PLIJMB  LINE 


RQFILE 


[I  Settle: linl^u 30  miles  lyioaoiT 
icule  i  (lu-Ji  =  400()1<;ol.    4fM) 


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ONQMICAL  PARALLELS 


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BEPOUT  OK  THE  CUIBP  ASTRONOMER. 


267 


But  this  profile  is  not  drawn  along  the  axis  of  greatest  slope.  The  axial 
lino  of  the  Coteau  of  the  Missouri  extends  from  northwest  to  southeast, 
making  nearly  an  angle  of  45°  with  the  meridian.  As  this  Coteau  consists 
of  a  mass  of  drift  deposited  by  icebergs  grounding  against  the  inclined 
piano  when  in  a  state  of  submergence,  it  necessarily  represents  very  nearly 
the  line  of  equal  altitude,  from  which  it  follows  that  the  line  of  greatest 
slope  is  in  a  direction  from  southwest  to  northeast.  The  general  direction 
of  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  also  conforms  to  this  view.  It  is  then 
evident  that,  taking  into  account  both  the  large  mountain-masses  and  the 
general  slope  of  the  comparatively  level  country,  the  deflections  should  bo 
found  toward  the  southwest,  and  increasing  from  east  to  west,  and  that  the 
mean  parallel,  as  determined  from  these  stations,  j)robably  dips  to  the  south 
at  the  western  end. 

In  considering  the  line  more  in  detail,  the  effect  of  purely  local  attrac- 
tions is  at  once  seen,  strongly  predominating  over  the  supposed  general 
direction  of  the  deflection.  Beginning  at  station  No.  1  on  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  the  station-errors  accumulate  rapidly  toward  the  north,  reaching  a 
maximum  at  No.  .5.  This  curious  eflect  is  probably  due  to  one  of  two 
causes,  or  perhaps  in  pai't  to  both.  The  first  is  the  difference  in  the  density 
of  the  substratum  extending  from  station  1  to  station  4  (Dawson's  report  on 
the  geology  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  a  case  very  similar  to  the  anom- 
alous deflection  observed  at  Moscow,  and  attributed  by  Pratt  to  the  presence 
of  a  dike  of  increased  density  beneath  the  surface),  while  a  second  cause 
may  bo  found  in  an  increased  density  of  the  strata  underlying  the  system 
of  lakes  to  the  north,  represented  by  lakes  Manitoba  and  Winnipeg.  Going 
west,  these  effects  diminish,  while  that  of  the  high  plateau  of  Northern 
Dakota  is  sensibly  felt,  so  that  at  station  9  the  line  is  again  in  its  normal 
position,  and  so  remains,  with  slight  variations,  due  to  local  irregularities, 
as  far  as  station  23.  From  this  point  the  attractiim  of  the  high  divide  be- 
tween the  Milk  River  and  the  waters  of  the  Saskatchewan  makes  itself  felt, 
increasing  to  a  maximum  at  station  29,  south  of  the  Cypress  Hills.  Hero 
the  enormous  intrusive  masses  of  the  three  buttes  produce  a  violent  disturb- 
ing effect,  drawing  the  astronomical  parallel  to  the  south,  at  an  average  rate 
of  fourteen  feet  to  the  mile,  for  a  distance  of  one  hundred  miles,  reaching 


'  utHBli  >'' 
nHH  H 


268 


UNITED  STATES  NOBTHLRN  fiODNDART  COMMISSION. 


tho  mo8t  southerly  point  of  the  boundary  at  station  34,  which  was  situated 
immediately  to  tho  northwest  of  tho  West  Butte,  on  the  slope  of  tho  foot- 
hills. Relieved  from  the  attraction  of  tho  butte,  stations  35,  36,  and  37  are 
again  found  nearly  on  tho  mean  lino.  Stations  38  and  89  show,  by  a  marked 
deflection  to  the  south,  tho  effect  of  the  attraction  of  tho  Chief  Mountain, 
a  vast  precipitous  mass  lying  flvo  miles  south  of  the  line,  and  rising  to  a 
height  of  8,000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  extreme  deflection  at  39  was  prob- 
ably due  alwo,  in  some  degree,  to  the  general  moss  of  the  mountain-range. 
Tho  connections  on  40  ond  41  are  not  suflSciently  accurate  to  give  a  just 
basis  of  comparison,  but  as  these  stations  were  both  in  the  midst  of  the 
main  range,  tho  deflections  would  probably  be  found  to  be  anomalous. 

The  data  for  computing  the  amount  of  the  local  attractions  along  this 
lino  are  very  insufficient,  except  in  the  case  of  the  station  34,  at  the  West 
Butte.  As  a  matter  of  scientific  interest,  I  append  a  table  of  the  actual  and 
calculated  deflections,  as  computed  by  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene,  with  an  expla- 
nation of  the  methods  employed.     (See  page  402.) 

W  J.  TWINING, 
Captain  of  Engineers,  Chi^  Astronomer. 


APPENDIX    A 


10 


REPORT  OF  CAPT.  W.  J.  TWINING, 


COnPS  OF  ENGINEEES, 


CHIEF   ASTRONOMER. 


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REPORT  OP  OAPT.  JAMBS  P.  GREGORY,  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  UNITED 

STATES  ARMY. 

Office  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission, 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  20,  1876. 
Captain:   I  have  the   honor  to  submit  horcwith    my  report  of    the 
operations  conducted  under  my  charge  upon  the  Survey  of  the  United 
States  Northern  Boundary  hne,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JAMES  F.  GREGORY, 

Captain  of  Engineers. 
Capt.  W.  J.  Twining, 

Corps  of  Engineers,  United  S'tatr°  Army, 

Chief  Astronomer,  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission. 


PRELIMINARY. 

I  was  detailed  for  duty  upon  this  work  by  Special  Orders  No.  131, 
War  Department,  Atliutant-Genei.  I's  Office,  Juuo  7,  1872,  and  accordingly 
reported  in  person  to  the  Adjutant-GoJieral  of  the  Army,  and  by  subsequent 
orders  from  the  same  authority,  by  letter,  to  the  honorable  the  Secretary 
ot  State.  In  accord mco  with  instructions  from  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
State  then  Acting  Secretar}-,  I  reported  for  duty  with,  the  United  States 
Northern  Boundary  Commission,  to  Maj.  F.  U.  Fanjuhar,  Corjjs  of  lOngi- 
neers,  then  Chief  Astronomer,  since  which  time  1  have  been  continuously 
on  duty  with  the  Commission.  ^.^ 


M 


272 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


The  following  report  comprises  a  general  description,  by  seasons,  of 
the  movements  and  operations  of  parties  which  were  under  my  charge,  and 
detailed  descriptions  of  astronomical,  geodetic,  and  barometric  work  per- 
formed hy  mysslf,  or  under  my  direction,  with  appended  tabulated  records 
and  results. 

In  the  season  reports  I  have  merely  mentioned  the  general  movements 
of  my  parties  during  the  time  that  I  was  in  company  with  the  Chief  Astron- 
omer, and  acting  under  his  immediate  direction,  and  have  noticed  more  at 
length  simihir  movements  and  operations  when  performed  under  my  own 
direction,  when  acting  independently  under  his  general  instructions. 

During  the  winter  succeeding  each  season's  work  in  the  field,  I  have 
been  engaged  in  the  office  of  the  Commission  in  supervising  and  aiding  in 
the  computation  and  compilation  of  field  records  and  results,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  materials,  and  such  computations  as  were  desirable  tnd 
necessary  for  the  field-work  of  the  succeeding  seasons. 


SEASON   OF    1872. 

The  latter  part  of  June,  and  the  most  of  July,  1872,  were  spent  in 
Washington,  in  making  preparations  for  field-service,  procuring,  examining, 
and  preparing  for  transportation  the  usual  expeditionary  outfit  of  instru- 
ments, text-books,  note-books,  &c.,  and  making  such  computations  as  it 
was  desirable  to  have  done  in  advance  of  the  ficld-woik. 

In  the  latter  part  of  Tvdy  1  was  assigned  by  Major  Farquhar  to  the 
immediate  charge  of  the  geodetic  and  topogi'aphical  department  of  the 
survey,  with  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene  and  Mr.  F.  von  Schrader  as  assistants,  and 
directed  to  jirocoed  to  Saint  Paul,  Minn. 

Lieutenant  Greene  was  sent  by  Major  Farquhar  in  charge  of  the  instru- 
ments, &c.,  via  the  Great  Lakes,  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  Red  River, 
to  Fort  Pembina,  Dak.,  with  instructions  to  report  to  mo  there,  and  Mr. 
von  Schrader  was  directed  to  report  to  me,  at  Saint  Paul,  on  the  5th  of 
August. 

My  party  was  organized  at  Saint  Paul,  and  went,  in  company  with  the 
several  parties  of  the  Commission,  to  Fort  Abercrombie,  Dak.,  and  thence, 


REPORT  or  TUE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


273 


after  obtaining  our  wagon-transportation,  camp-equipago,  rations,  and  for- 
age, to  Fort  Pembina,  where  wo  an-ived  on  tlio  Ath  of  September. 

Camp  was  pitched  at  the  botuidary-liue  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Red 
Iliver  on  the  7th,  and  the  interval  between  that  date  and  the  30th  was 
employed  in  making  topographical  surveys  of  the  country  adjacent  to  the 
boundary-line,  the  Red  River,  and  the  Pembina  River. 

I  may  here  remark  that  the  autumn  of  1872  was  an  exceptionally  mild 
one  for  Northern  Dakota.  The  equinoctial  storm,  which  lasted  nearly  four 
day 8  ( September  22d  to  the  2Cth),  was  very  severe  and  cold,  but  it  was  suc- 
ceeded by  three  weeks  of  delightful  we.ather,  and  the  Red  River  did  not 
close  to  navigation  until  the  12th  of  November. 

On  the  1st  of  October,  by  Major  Farquhar's  direction,  I  divided  my 
party,  equipage,  &c.,  into  two  j)arts,  and  intrusted  the  larger  proportion  to 
the  charge  of  Lieutenant  Greene,  with  instructions  to  continue  the  line  and 
topographical  work  eastward  from  the  Red  River,  until  he  should  join  his 
work  with  that  of  the  English  i)arties,  who  were  to  work  westward  from 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  He  had  reached  Pointe  d'Onne  on  the  Roseau 
River,  thirty  miles  east  of  the  Red  River,  on  the  .^th  of  November,  when 
ho  was  recalled  by  a  dispatch  from  Major  Farquhar,  which  directed  him  to 
return  to  Fort  Pembina,  and  report  to  me  there. 

On  the  2d  of  October  l^Iajor  Fanjuhar,  Captain  Twining  with  his  as- 
tronomical party,  and  myself,  with  live  men  of  my  i)arty,  started  for  the 
Northwest  Angle  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  via  Winnijjeg,  Manitoba. 

We  arrived  at  the  Angle  on  the  !)th,  and  remained  there  until  the  last 
of  October.  (For  description  of  work  j)erformod  there,  see  special  paper 
on  Northwest  Angle.) 

I  left  the  Angle,  in  company  with  Major  Farquhar,  on  the  31st  of 
'October,  and  arrived  at  Pointe  de  Cheno,  eighty  miles  from  the  Angle,  on 
the  3d  of  November.  At  this  point  Major  Fanjuhar  procured  special  trans- 
portation for  himself,  and  left  for  Fort  Pembina,  leaving  me  with  instructions 
to  follow,  as  rapidly  as  possible,  with  the  wagon-train. 

I  reached  Fort  Pembina  on  the  Hth  instant,  with  the  animals  in  a  much 
exhausted  condition,  owing  to  scanty  forage  ami  the  very  bad  condition  of 
the  roads.     On  one  day,  the  5th,  because  of  the  almost  bottondess  mud,  we 

N  11 18 


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274 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


made  but  eleven  miles,  although  the  wagons  were  light,  and  we  were  on  the 
road  from  daylight  until  three  hours  after  dark. 

At  Fort  Pembina  I  received  written  instructions  from  Major  Farqnhar 
to  await  the  arrival  of  Lieutenant  Greene,  to  store  at  the  post  such  eqtiip- 
age,  instniments,  &c.,  as  would  be  needed  there  the  next  season,  to  procure 
such  rations  and  forage  as  were  necessary,  and  then  to  bring  the  entire  train 
to  Fort  Abercrombie,  where  the  animals  were  to  be  wintered.  . 

Lieutenant  Greene  arrived  on  the  10th,  and  the  southward  march  was 
begun  on  the  r2th,  and  finished  on  the  lOtli,  distance  from  Pembina  one 
hundred  and  eighty  miles. 

The  personnel,  besides  myself  and  party,  Lieut.  O.  D.  Ladley, 

quarteraiaster,  Mr.  J.  E.  Bangs,  acting  secretary,  and  Dr.  Hatch,  surgeon 
of  the  Commission. 

The  transportation  consisted  of  thirteen  six-mule  Army-wagons,  three 
four-mule  spring-wagons,  and  seven  or  eight  spare  mules. 

On  the  second  day  out  we  were  overtaken  by  a  very  severe  snow-.storm 
of  two  days'  duration,  which  was  succeeded  by  bitter  cold  winds,  with  the 
thermometer,  much  of  the  time,  below  zero,  and  r  ,  the  nien  were  not  pro- 
vided with  suitable  winter  clothing,  they  experienced  much  discomfort, 
though  none  were  seriously  frozen.  Several  of  the  animals  giive  out  on  the 
march,  but  they  were  all,  finally,  brought  in  safety  to  Fort  Abercrombie. 

From  Fort  Abercrombie,  after  turning  over  to  the  care  of  the  Quarter- 
master, Lieutenant  Ladley,  the  train,  equipage,  &c.,  wo  proceeded  by  rail 
to  Saint  Paul,  where  the  men  of  the  party  were  paid  off,  and  discharged  on 
the  21st  of  November. 

The  office  of  the  Commission  was  established  for  the  winter  at  Detroit, 
Mich.,  where  the  usual  routine  of  office- work  was  begun  about  the  1st  of 
December. 

SEASON    OF    1873. 

For  the  season  of  1873  1  was  assigned,  by  the  Chief  Astronomer,  to 
the  charge  of  one  of  the  two  astronomical  parties  whicii  were  sent  into  the 
field  that  year.  The  i)arty  was  organized,  as  in  the  preceding  season,  at 
Saint  Paul,  and  proceeded,  in  company  with  the  other  parties  of  the  Com- 


r  i 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


275 


mission,  by  rail  .and  steamboat,  to  Fort  Pembina,  Dak.,  wbere  we  arrived 
on  the  1st  of  June. 

During  a  week  that  we  remained  at  Pembina  on  account  of  the  non- 
arrival  of  our  wagon-train,  which  was  hindered  in  its  progress  from  Fort 
Abercrombie  by  the  high  water  in  the  streams  tributary  to  the  Red  River, 
we  were  engaged  in  general  j)reparations  for  the  field,  obtaining  materials, 
rations,  &c.,  observing  for  values  of  instrumental  constants  of  zenith 
telescope,  and  completing  organization  of  parties. 

Upon  marching  from  Pembina,  Juno  9,  the  organization  of  my  party, 
which  was  retained  throughout  the  season,  was  as  follows:  Mr.  E.  L.  Mark, 
comjjuter,  Mr.  0.  S.  Wilson,  j-ecorder,  a  foreman,  an  observatory  attendant 
and  meteorological  observer,  a  cook,  waiter,  three  laborers,  a  mounted  man 
to  serve  as  scout  and  messenger,  and  five  teamsters. 

For  transportation  of  party,  instruments,  equipage,  and  generally  twenty 
to  thirty  dajs'  rations  and  forage,  I  had  one  foin--mule  si)ring-wagon,  three 
six-nmle  Army-wagons,  one  two-mule  Minnesota  wagon,  and  a  horse  for 
myself 

The  genei'al  plan  of  work  proposed  for  the  astronomical  parties,  con- 
templated the  occupation  of  stations  on  the  boundary-line,  at  intervals  of 
twenty  miles,  more  or  less,  alteniately  by  parties  of  the  IJntish  and  United 
States  Conimi.ssions,  and  throughout  the  season  this  scheme  was  adhered  to, 
with  two  exceptions,  viz:  United  States  stations  Nos.  4  and  5  were  consec- 
utive stations,  as  were  the  British  stations  at  Sleepy  Hollow  and  East  Turtle 
Mountain. 

I  began  astronomical  work  at  Station  No.  3,  East  Pend)ina  Mountain, 
on  the  12th  of  June,  observed  succes.sively  at  Stations  Nos.  5,  7,  9,  10,  11, 
and  12,  and  completed  the  astronomical  work  of  the  season,  at  the  latter 
station,  on  the  30th  of  September. 

During  the  season  all  of  the  zenith  telescope  observations,  both  for 
latitude  and  values  of  instrumental  constants,  were  made  by  myself  and 
recorded  by  3Ir.  Wilson,  as  were  also  sextant  observations  for  time  and  lat- 
itude in  camp  and  upon  the  march,  until  we  reached  station  No.  9;  after 
that  time  most  of  the  sextant  work  was  done  by  Mr.  Wilson. 

'J1ie  meteorological  observations  were  made,  under  my  siipervision,  by 


S    il 


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276 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


William  Batson,  an  ex-United  States  ;:oldier,  and  an  intelligent  and  efficient 


man. 


Upon  the  march,  while  I  was  engaged  in  selecting  routes  for  travel, 
and  in  the  details  of  advancing  the  train  rapidly  and  Avithout  accident, 
Assistants  Mark  and  Wilson  were  employed  in  making  reconnaissance  sur- 
veys of  the  trail,  by  means  of  the  compass  and  odometer. 

All  computations  both  in  camp  and  upon  the  march  were  made  by 
Mr.  Mark,  assisted,  at  times,  by  myself  and  Mr.  Wilson. 

The  United  States  stations  were  occupied  alternately  by  the  two  astro- 
nomical paiiies,  from  No.  2  to  No  9.  Upon  completing  work  at  the  latter 
station,  August  29,  I  received  instructions  from  the  Chief  Astronomer  to 
proceed  westward,  and  occupy,  at  least,  three  more  stations,  and  to  so  ad- 
just the  distances  between  them  that  the  last  one  should  be,  at  least,  four 
hundred  miles  west  of  the  initial  Red  River  station.  This  work  wag  accom- 
plished, and  the  last  station.  No.  12,  four  hundred  and  eight  and  a  quarter 
miles  west  of  the  Red  River  station,  completed  on  the  30th  of  September, 
and  the  Chief  Astronomer's  camp,  at  Wood  End  depot,  was  reached,  on 
the  return  march,  October  6. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  season  we  were  much  troubled  to  obtain 
water  and  wood  sufficient  for  cooking  purposes.  Wood  End  depot,  on  the 
Mouse  River,  was  the  last  locality,  going  westward,  where  there  was  any 
timber,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  boundary-line,  until  we  reached  Station  No. 
II,  and  for  that  distance,  one  hundred  and  eighteen  miles,  wood  was  carried 
.!;  :he  wagons.  In  the  ravines,  near  Station  No.  11,  there  were  small  groves 
of  stunted  trees,  whence  was  drawn  the  supply  which,  economically  used, 
and  eked  out  by  occasional  supplies  of  the  prairie-traveler's  fuel,  hois  da 
vdches,  lasted  us  during  the  remainder  of  our  work  imtil  our  return  to 
Sttition  No.  11,  where  a  new  store  was  laid  in  for  use  on  the  return  march 
to  Wood  End  depot. 

The  water-supply,  after  leaving  the  upper  waters  of  the  Mouse  River, 
sixteen  miles  west  of  Station  No.  0,  was  scant  and  precarious,  as  we  had  no 
information  of  the  nature  of  the  country  before  us.  Through  the  "  Coteau 
of  the  Missouri "  we  were  entirely  dependent  upon  the  supply  furnished 
by  surface-pools,  and  those  containing  fresh  water  were  of  infrequent  occur- 


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1;15P(>KT  OF  THE  VIUFP  A8T/tONOMKll,  AVPBM)1X  A.  277 


MS' 


.1    uiryc 


■■■"■  '>■-■  o,    A,-  ■reth  Maior  \muvl  wu-  i«i;  ot'  iiifli-ri    Im.    . 
it.'tt.  r.     At  i^Uilit.n  No.  1(>  I  w.is  ohlijrea  i.,  ,lhu\v  ur.  p;.m,  iuid  . 
iiu  amjar  portion oK it  imdull  of  t!,,.  iiMiitml.*  in  .amp  nwu-  n  p/«.I  oCm..  ,  ..  . 
w.tter.  i„  dmr-o  of  the  officer  i-omimmVmg;  thu  ,„ilitai>'  escort,  to  v^H-Minh 
tlw  station  at  <i  point  ten  utile,  tiirtiicr  west.     J  took  ^viili  nw  iov  tl.c  pur 
poae  my  assihtauts,  tl.n-o  <n.;,u.  un.l  ten  -oi.lirT.^  umi  had  cooke.l  pr<.visio..« 
.•!i..l  water  ... nc  us,  (JMily,  from   tin-  inaui  (.-n,.),.     At   Swtioi.   No.  1-  1  was 
oi%e(l  to  adopt  the    .ivio  ]dun.^wu.  loaym^  tlifciiiai,,  ramp  at  a  spring, 
\yhk\i  is  ilio  sourc..  „/  one  .-i  tlrf.  ti-ii.ntarie-^  of  ihe  foplar  l^iver,  to  estab- 
lish th"  station  si.x  luilc..*  fartlier  weshviml,     N.nr  Stati.-i,   Nu,  It    !  u>rtii- 
uateiy  u.,)i..l  a  living.  8j,rinfr  with  »f.  .mil    -'Jpp;y.>Fijo...!  water/ whi.'h  tlio 
m,moi  my  piuty  M  otic^^  el>ristei,e<!       bn\]y  Spring,' aud  |],i«  naiiiO  I  l.ave 
i-<*nl*iined  in  the  oHit;ial  re«-f»rd. 

On  tho  2;'mI  oC  Septonil.er,  \Uien,  the  w-.rk  :!t  Sfcition  Xo.  12  Ava.s  about 
Ualfdnn,-.  tliere  bet,^an  a  funous  siaav-stone,  whid,  .-..hnrued,  ahoost  wlili- ' 
•">t  interniptio:,,  on?]!  rj^o  2Hth.  dunn^'  w!mh  time  the  daUy  minimum  ther- 
morsjeter  n  adiii- vari.'d  fro;!! -f- U    to  4-;;4" 

Tfie  stonu  be-;,n  vi<h  jnin-jed  rain  and  snow,  wia.d.  (row  upon  tho 
;'''"'"  '■'•  '^■"'''-  H  ■iup<.-:.ildo  /;,.■  ihe'iinin.al.  to  jfet  nuich  n,.in-isijme)H. 
The  (on,-,  /  KO,,  M«^.  .l.-rr.  ;,  4  in  »i  thi.  liiu./ uniii  tlah- arrval  -H  VVi^.d 
Faul  depot  they  had  only  u  daily  alhoiauvO  ..]'  tlnee  ].,hi>   '     '  niaeh 

was  either  m..!r-.i  hiOo4>road  Tliev  xv..-  -  -,.no;,»!  :.,.■..,.„-(. ^d" 
and,  to  mais-  uK.tvr.  ..^r.-  •..  i  a„  ,;.  t  ,  ;  „,reaHtu  u^'t  ,a;uvh,  the  ^holj 
Cote:H.eouhtryabl.  ^  ■  ...t  ,!.,  j.:.-e-tin«  had  pa.sed  over  it,  leavino- 
o.d^  here  :u,d  fhrn.  ,„  enu  i;..  .•!;...  ,:i  ^^h^i  (,ad  been  uater-po.4  .n.aJl 
[.atehe.  of  dried  gras,  cumain  u.  lift!,,  ur  .,.,  vnurim-nt  We  lost,  however, 
Init  two  aaiuials,  and  Ihey  l..oJ..u-x-d  lo  the  e.:f,.rt  transp.,vt:atton. 

Wo  an.ved  a!  Wood   Knd  dej-.u  on  fhe  Gth  of  October,  and  then-x^  in 
con:pat,y  ,vi,h  fh  ■  Cl.ief  A^tronomer'^^  parfv-,  manhed  via  Fort  Tn.teo  to 


;■ 


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ItErOKT  OF  TDE  CUIEF  ASTRONOMER,  AIM'ENDIX  A. 


277 


ronco.  There  were  many  eoiitiiiuing'  alkaline  watir,  some  (if  tliein  larj^e 
enouyii  to  bo  called  lakes ;  l)iit  tlie  wafer  nsually  held  wncli  hw^o  (jnaiitities 
<»f  salts  tliat  animals  could  not  drink  it.  We  were  tre<iiiently  comjieHed  to 
use  water  sufficiently  alkaline  to  be  altog-etlier  disjinstinj^  to  the  taste,  and 
the  best  of  the  fresh  water  foiuid  was  fidl  of  insect  life  and  ve;;etablc 
matter.  At  Station  No.  10  I  was  oblif^ed  to  divide  my  party,  and  leaviuj^ 
the  major  portion  of  it  and  all  of  the  animals  in  camp  near  a  ]K)o1  of  surface- 
water,  in  charge  of  the  oilicer  connnandin<f  the  military  escort,  to  estaljlish 
the  station  at  a  point  ten  miles  farther  west.  I  took  with  me  for  the  pur- 
pose my  assistants,  three  men,  and  ten  soldiers,  and  had  cooked  provisions 
and  water  sent  us,  dail)',  from  the  main  camp.  At  Station  No.  12  1  was 
obliged  to  adopt  the  same  jdan,  and,  leaving  the  main  camp  at  a  .spring, 
which  is  the  source  of  one  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Poplar  liiver,  to  estab- 
lish the  station  six  miles  farther  westward.  Near  Station  No.  Ill  fortu- 
nately found  a  living  spring  with  an  amjtle  supj)ly  of  good  water,  which  the 
men  of  my  party  at  once  christened  "  Bully  Spring,"  and  this  name  I  have 
continued  in  the  official  record. 

On  the  2i5d  of  September,  when  the  work  at  Station  No.  12  was  about 
half  done,  there  began  a  furious  snow-stonn,  which  continued,  almost  with- 
out interruption,  until  the  21>th,  during  which  time  the  daily  miniuunn  ther- 
mometer reading  varied  from  -|-14°  to  -|-34°. 

The  storm  began  with  mingled  rain  and  snow,  which  froze  uj)on  the 
grass,  and  made  it  impossible  for  the  animals  to  get  much  nourishment. 
The  forago-ration  was  short,  and  from  this  time  until  their  arrival  at  Wood 
End  depot  they  had  only  a  daily  allowance  of  three  pounds,  half  of  which 
was  either  flour  or  hard-bread.  They  were  consequently  nnicli  exhausted, 
and,  to  make  matters  worse,  wo  found,  upon  our  eastward  march,  the  whole 
Coteau  country  a  black  desert,  as  the  prairie-fires  had  passed  over  it,  leaving 
onl}'  here  and  there,  around  the  edges  of  what  had  been  wat'  r-nools,  small 
patches  of  dried  grass  containing  little  or  no  nutriment.  We  i'^  t,  however, 
but  two  animals,  and  they  belonged  to  the  escort  transportation. 

We  arrived  at  Wood  End  dejjot  on  the  Gth  of  October,  and  thence,  in 
company  with  the  Chief  Astronomer's  party,  marched  via  Fort  Totteu  to 


'  U 


'iV. 


278 


UNITED  blATES  NORTHERN  BODNDAKY  COMMISSION, 


Jiuiio«town,  Dnk.,  where  tlio  tniUHportiition,  ecjuipage,  &c.,  was  turned  over 
to  tlie  {|uiirteriniiHtor,  tlie  parties  proceed! iiir  by  rail  to  Saint  Paul. 

From  the  woeond  erossinj^-  of  tlio  lioundary-lino  with  the  jMomso  Hiver, 
reckoninj^  from  the  east,  u  reconnaissance  survey  was  made  of  the  trail  to 
F(»rt  Totten,  and  also  from  the  latter  place  to  Fort  Seward,  the  former  dis- 
tance being  one  hurdred  and  seventy  and  the  latter  eighty  one  miles. 

The  military  escort  to  my  i)arty  was  commanded  during  the  entire 
season  by  Lieut,  (now  Capt.)  C  O.  Hradley,  Twentieth  United  States 
Infantry.  His  command  consisted,  at  first,  of  fourtenn  enlisted  men,  of 
(Jonipany  K  of  his  regiment.  This  force  was  increased  by  four  privates 
of  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  on  the  Dth  of  A'lgust,  and  again,  by  six  privates 
of  Company  K,  Twentieth  Infantry,  on  the  .'U)th  of  August. 

My  relations,  both  otlicial  and  personal,  with  Captain  Bradley  were 
always  of  the  most  pleasant  kind,  and  I  have  to  thank  hiia  and  the  soldiers 
of  his  conmiand,  not  only  for  the  faithful  perfornumce  of  legitimate  duty  as 
military  escort,  but  more  especially  ior  frequent  aid  in  helping  along  the 
work.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  season  a  few  days*  delay  would  have  pre- 
vented the  completion  of  the  work  to  the  pouit  jiroposed,  and  these  days 
were  saved  to  me  by  the  assistance  willingly  rendered  by  the  soldiers  in 
gathering  stones  and  building  the  mounds  which  murk  the  parallel  at  the 
stations. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  detached  from  my  party  at  Fort  Totton  and  attached 
to  the  line  and  topogra}>!iir;iI  'larty,  which,  under  Lieutenant  Greene,  was 
to  work  during  the  wintc^r  from  the  Red  River  eastward.  Mr.  Mark  accom- 
panied me  to  the  office  at  Detroit,  but  soon  after  left  the  service  of  the 
Conmiission.  The  rest  of  the  party  were  paid  off  and  discharged  upon 
our  arrival  at  Saint  Paul  on  the  28th  of  October. 


SEASON   OF    1874. 

From  the  experience  of  the  preceding  season,  in  n'gard  to  the  relative 
rapidity  with  which  the  various  parties  of  the  survey  could  accomplish  their 
work,  it  was  believed  by  the  Chief  Astronomer  and  myself  that  one  astro- 
nomical party,  with  an  organization  sonie'tviiat  stronger  than  that  of  r.y 
party  of  the  preceding  season,  would  be  able  to  accomplish,  in  the  allotted 


lUCPOUT  OF  Till}  VAUKV  ASTUONOMI^U,  AI'l'KN'DIX  A. 


270 


> 


tiiuc,  what  iiHtroiioininil  work  rcnxiiiuMl  to  Ito  doDc,  iiiii!  fo  k(M>p  it  at  all 
tiinos  in  advance  of  tlint  of  the  line  and  toiHiirnipliical  jmrtics.  lint  on« 
astronomical  party  was  tlufrcforc  placed  in  tlie  field,  to  the  charj^i*  of  which 
I  was  nssifjned,  with  Mr.  Lewis  Hoss  and  Mr.  A.  .1.  Kdj^erton  as  assistants. 

In  onler,  however,  that  no  tintoward  accident  to  the  jiersonwl,  or  instrn- 
mental  ontlit  of  my  party,  shonld  conijjass  a  failnre  to  attain  the  pnrposes 
of  the  expedition,  the  Chief  Astronomer  kept  with  him  a  complete  instru- 
mental outfit,  a  copy  of  the  ephemeris,  text  and  note  bf>oks,  and,  in  fact, 
the  means  of  organizing,'  another  astronomical  party;  bnt,  fortnnatel}-,  the 
contingencies  providctd  for  did  not  arise,  and  the  one  i)arty  accomplished  in 
ample  time  all  of  the  work  (  xpected  of  it. 

At  Haint  Paul,  as  in  the  preceding  seasons,  I  employed  the  men  of  my 
j)arty,  and  with  them,  in  company  with  the  other  parties  of  the  survey,  left 
Saint  Paul  on  the  4th  of  Jniu',  proceeding  hy  rail  and  steamhoat,  via  Bis- 
marck, Dak.,  to  Fort  Huford,  Dak.,  where  we  airived  on  the  13th  of  June. 

A.t  Fort  liuford,  jjending  tin;  complt  lion  of  arrangements  for  field- 
service  of  the  transpoitation  for  our  own  parties  iind  the  military  escort,  I 
«)l)served  with  the  zenith  telescope  for  latitude,  and  also  for  the  values  of 
the  instrumental  con.stants  of  the  instrument  used.  The  results  are  given 
in  the  astronomical  rej)ort. 

My  party  comprised  during  the  season,  besides  myself  and  assistants, 
one  foreman,  two  cooks,  one  waiter,  five  laluirers,  six  teamsters,  and  one 
ticout.  Dr.  IClliott  Cones,  United  States  Army,  Surgeon  and  Naturalist  of 
the  Commi.ssion,  and  three  labf>rers,  who  were  under  his  esjtecial  direction, 
were  attached  to  my  party  during  the  entire  season,  for  our  mutual  con- 
venience of  transportation,  sup))ly,  and  protection. 

An  assistant  to  Dr.  Cones  also  joined  the  party  at  the  Sweetgi'ass 
Hills,  on  the  r)th  of  August.  For  transportation  of  the  whole,  instruments, 
ecpiipage,  &c ,  and  from  thirty  to  forty  days'  rations  and  forage,  I  had  one 
four-nude  sjjring-wagon,  three  six-nude  Army-wagons,  two  two-mule  Min- 
nesotii  wagons,  a  horse  svnd  buckboard  for  Dr.  Cones,  and  a  horse  for 
myself.  The  horse  ridden  by  my  scout,  George  Boyd,  was  his  personal 
property,  but  was  foraged  with  the  train-animals 

The   military  escort   assigned   to  accompany   my  party  consisted  of 


m 


^r 


P 


280 


UNITED  RTATLJS  NOltTHEltN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


I 


I 


Company  D,  Sixth  United  States  Infantry,  about  forty  men,  and  tliroo 
Indian  scouts,  commanded  by  Capt.  Montgomery  Bryant,  Sixth  Infantry 
(now  Major  Fourteenth  Infantry),  with  Lieut.  F.  W.  Thibaut,  Sixth  Infan- 
try, second  in  command.  This  escort  remained  with  my  party  frt>m  the 
time  of  leaving  Fort  Buford  until  wo  reached  the  Sweetgra&s  Hills  depot, 
on  our  return  from  the  lloeky  Jlonntains. 

On  the  21st  of  June,  the  entire  expedition  and  tlie  military  escort  left 
Fort  Buford,  taking  the  Fort  I'eck  trail,  along  the  north  bank  of  the  Mis- 
souri River.  Wo  were  delayed  two  days  at  the  Big  ]\Iuddy  River,  which, 
because  of  the  deep  mud  on  the  bottom  and  along  the  banks,  was  not  foid- 
able.  A  crib  and  trestle  bridge  was  constructed  across  it,  on  the  23d  and 
24th,  by  my  own  and  Lieutenant  Greene's  jjarties,  and  the  train  crossed  on 
the  2.'!)th.  On  the  2Gth,  Lieutenant  Greene's  party  and  escort  left  the  main 
column,  to  strike  the  bouudary-line  near  the  point  where  his  hist  season's 
work  terminated.  Tho  main  column  arrived,  July  ],  at  a  point  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Milk  River,  in  longitude  about  10G°  53',  and  nearly 
opposite  an  old  trading-post  knowu  as  "Tom  Campbell's  houses,"  where  I 
left  it  with  my  party,  escort,  and  a  contract  wagon-train  from  Fort  Buford, 
Avhich  was  carrying  rations  and  forage  with  which  to  form  a  depot  of  sup- 
plies on  or  near  the  bo:'ndary-line. 

My  objective  point  was  on  the  boundary-line,  about  the  usual  distance 
between  United  States  stations  (forty  miles)  west  of  Station  No.  12,  the  last 
station  occupied  in  1873.  I  therefore  turned  northward,  July  2,  from  the 
main  trai^and  essayed  to  march  along  U\c  east  bank  of  Rocky  Creek,  as  the 
general  cciirse  of  that  stream  appeared  to  be  from  the  northwest,  hoping, 
in  case  it  did  not  lead  us  far  enough  <o  the  westward,  that  we  might  be  able 
to  ltoss  ii  near  tho  boujidary-line.  I  ioon  found,  however,  that  wc;  were 
getting  into  a  country  of  baiVlands,  impracticable  for  wagons,  and  there- 
fore turned  about,  and  followed  the  stream  down  to  a  practicable  crossing 
near  its  forks.  Thence,  we  marched  across  tho  broken  coimtry  which  is 
the  dividing  ridge  between  tho  Rocky  and  Frenchman's  Creeks,  to  the  east 
bank  of  the  latte^'.  As  it  was  impf^isiblo  to  reach  the  bod  of  Frenchman's 
Creek  in  the  vicinity  of  the  point  where  we  ajjproached  the  Mufls,  and  as 
an  inspection  revealed  tho  same  rough  bad-lauds  for  several  miles  farther 


I 


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2^0      rxfiKK  v:  m-ks  yoimiKHN  iiOUNi>Anv  .<:um5U;«.->jij\. 


i..;:i!i  NOoMti-,  (;o!imij)'ifU:il  by  (  ajii  M.intpitih  ry  ilry  ml,  Si.aJi  infnirrv 
l.itovv  Mnjor  I'ourtecnt},  lufVuitn  ),  v.itii  \A,.-nt  F.  \V.  Tin'.aiu,  S^^t!  InUn- 
trv,  ivMiouil  i'i  •cuii;i.!aii.i.  TJ-i-^  i-c"rt  n-ru.i.aoil  wiur  Ji.'/ p:n-.  ■  'i  ph  tini 
fijno  ol' k.ivino- Fon  Uiif^iii  V  •lac-tu'd  rho  S\vt^ei-ru:5.    .  ijut, 

oji  our  n  turn  iVoii!  1  lit-  Ili.c'wv  'is. 

t'n  (he  2!si  .;[  Jan. .  •  .  .  ,|,t;.|i;;r«,     ■>>}  ;]...  nul^ny  iWcp.t  j.'tj 

Forr  .iv!t.)n!.  ti!lu()|i- uu-  F,  ,;      ;    ,    ;.;,''  '       /.,j   r^.    Mi;- 

^■■ii<-=  i;^v  r      M",  '..^  ...   !,-'  .V  ,.,1  .  :,,  ,!     •  ■        „     ,^ 

n».-aM;.  ,   ,,,,,, 

-I'lie.     .\  i-ril)  .md  ii'T''!^  hihl-jv  >v;>.  voiiMr'-.i;.  <;    ht.jw  -t,  <■,    rii./  l/:'.^    w,  ; 
.Mrli,  U\-  my  (  M't'  !!!)■!  i.H  =  ii!i?i>,in(:  <!|V'C>.u's  p;>vt!<'H.  T:.ii,.1  sir-  tJ-ii-..;     j-nr'  <'    - 
(!«    2"iiii.      (>J1  ll;..  2(.{ii,  Fi,  iit -iiin:.  (■^rtv^.jn.v,,  ,,..,{ v  uj,  i  r--(  ^n  icn  ,>i.    ,.  m",. 
i'i.iMJiM!,  r.    M!-:l;.    (!:<•   ixnui.l.ti-y-lin*   n  .u- .In-   [.>  uo  wiiO-c   i^h  ;,.,i,  st- >  v   '•> 

W'.l-ic    r(:rininHi.l"l.        Tllu    Im-,^      Ci]!;:,;.;    .UTiv.:.[,     July     l.V'X    r,     iUnAi    .' ;>    •!.(.• 

rj'.r^h  Ljiiik  nf  Uh,  Milk  U.-..  i;  h,  ].  ii.;:.i!i(e  jjF-u'-  !'i(r  ;,,s'.  :'Ui\  u:  .i;F' 
(>!)!>i'!..!t(  «n  uUl  Fr-:Mtiri-  ,.<i;-'  is  !i.».\  li  :>-  "  I",  .jii  '';.!<  ,ii  icl'V  Liais.'?!.'-  ^\  luri,  i 
I'ltt  it  witi)  ^i.\   I'Srt'  ,   '   •ctir',:  ;)!"1    I  !.!r>ir;!.-!   W"^>  ,>  !rri     '.,{':  ms   iV-t    t'^'f.'-i'. 

Vl  i'-^  "I'    .'■  '"li.^'d-i    )    ^:  ,,    .    r .    i  ■    ■ 

ijcnv(.-h  Fi  itt^i  St;;!';^  ^tall■>n•;     uHy'iulis    -  .■^(  i-^' rijiii..  .,   V,,.  jj.  ;;,,   l.-F 

. II, -in  ti';i;', ;•>'•'  (  •^'^ay -i  to  ,:y,irfU  :i1v>p<:     i...   *  .•!.'■:,,.;;..  o:'  \t,'ik\  (\iu:\    ,\^  Mm 
;,i-tiirHl  f'oui^i   '.r  i!  ,1!  hiv  .',i3,    .pn.'anF    ^      ii    'r.'oi   'Ic     itiirrlvvfi!    Imi-     .■ 
•1  ca.:-;  i»  .lid  .     ■  V\\'\  r  .  far  i'!ii:ULf]t  t"  iIh    ,^(^|v\!U(!    ili'M  X'.i'  )i;  ^;l!<  ; 

w.frlny    iiu.,    .i  rn  ^i-i     -:    !'.'  I.;tM-i;i:ii.is.   i'i):.l:u  fi,  a'.i       '  >j     .  i    ;    ',.,,,■ 

f.»r-    :,,ri,"-ii'l     ::\'fl.-^      ,.,=^:       -:H   j.n.   .;    fllj     >f;.   -if;;      -11,     ,  ,  ■■  ■,,;{,■,  I'm       ■      1. 

'j.ii  k  nf   i'l,    Ft,t  A  -  i|   W:i«  ir    jM.    -i'm.' "t  ,,  ,>  ■     ■,     '  ■■'      ,,  .! 

Fi'iF;  in '■iic  ■  i  i-'i  V  •.  ^i   i;',       ii  ,(  v^  •    >    <!  i     -    .   ^  i, 


!.|i    nii|Ki  «l'>i;  n  \  (;ii'  \l    Tii 


i  /  i '  1     >      . , '       i  I  - 


•if 


H 


!    I 


;il 


i      i\'r 


■I  ! 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTIIONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


281 


I 


i 


north,  I  turned  southward  again,  and  made  for  the  known  crossing  about 
three  miles  below  the  trading-post,  Fort  N  J.  Turnay.  It  was  fortunate 
that  we  d!d  so,  as  I  afterward  learned  from  the  topographical  parties  that 
there  was  no  i)racticablo  crossing  for  more  than  thirty  miles,  up-stream, 
from  Fort  Turnay. 

The  valley,  or  rather  gulch,  of  Frenchman's  Creek  varies  from  one  to 
two  miles  in  width,  and  is  abruptly  tenninated,  on  both  sides,  by  ragged, 
steep  hills,  similar  in  character  to  those  of  the  bad-lands  south  of  the  Mis- 
souri River.  The  bottom  is  comparatively  level,  and  through  it  the  stream 
winds  sinuously.  The  creek,  at  ordinary  stages  of  water,  is  about  fifty 
yards  wide,  and  has  a  rapid  current,  probably  of  about  two  miles  an  hour. 
The  water  is  clear,  but  very  unpleasantly  alkaline,  and  at  low  stages  of 
water  is  so  strongly  impregnated  with  salts  as  to  be  entirely  unfit  for  use. 
Wo  found  Fort  Turnay,  which  was  a  log  structure,  comprising  storehouse 
and  dwelling,  occupied  by  two  independent  traders,  l^hey  informed  me 
that  they  were  so  much  annoyed,  and  subjected  to  so  much  loss  of  prop- 
erty, by  raids  upon  them  by  Indians,  and  were  also  kept  so  nuich  upon  the 
alert  for  their  personal  safety,  that  they  purposed  burning  the  buildings 
and  leaving  the  country,  which  purpose  Avas,  I  believe,  carried  into  effect 
later  in  the  season.  Only  the  day  before  our  an-ival,  a  party  of  Sioux, 
from  Fort  Pock,  had  been  entertained  by  them  at  a  propitiatory  feast,  after 
which  the  guests  displayed  their  gratitude  for  favors  received  by  running 
off  nine  of  the  eleven  hoi'ses  belonging  to  their  hosts.  The  two  horses  left 
were  abandoned  only  because  they  were  too  much  broken  down  to  keep 
up  with  the  rapid  movements  of  the  party. 

We  left  Fort-Turnay  on  the  5th  of  July,  and  arrived  at  a  pool  of  water 
near  the  boundary-line  the  same  evening.  The  weather  had  been  intensely 
hot  every  day  during  our  march  from  the  Milk  Kiver,  and  water  very  scarce. 
The  last  day's  march  was  twenty-five  miles  long,  without  water,  and  the 
ihermometer  at  105°,  in  the  shade,  at  '6  p.  m.  Men  and  animals  weie,  there- 
fore, much  fatigued  upon  arrival  in  camp,  and  eagerly  sought  the  nuich- 
reeded  repose. 

On  July  (J,  according  to  instructions  received  from  the  Chief  Astron- 
omer, I  adjusted  accounts  witii  IMr.   Leiglit(»n,  owner  of  the  wagon-train 


ij 


I  i. 


i 

IwmU  t  H 

il 

i 

1 

I'l 

1 

lif! 

'11 
<L<iBllili 

1 

ill 

'11 

'ml 

tS  1 

li  In^^^l 

hi 

282 


UNITED  STATES  NOUIUEllN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


which  hiid  accompanied  us  with  supplies  from  F'ort  Buford,  and  sent  back 
to  Fort  Turnay,  to  be  stored  until  we  could  send  for  them,  such  rations  and 
forage  as  I  was  unable  to  cany  in  my  wagons. 

Astronomical  work  was  begun  at  Station  No.  \i\  on  the  6th,  and 
iinished  on  the  8th,  on  which  date  the  march  westward  along  the  boundary- 
line  was  begun. 

From  this  time  forward  until  our  arrival  at  the  Swoetgrass  Hills  depot, 
August  3,  the  weather  was  favorable  for  astronomical  work,  and  Stations 
Nos.  14,  15,  16,  and  17  were  successively  established. 

The  country  over  which  we  had  traveled  from  Station  No.  1,'J  had  been 
very  dry,  and  much  of  it  alkaline  in  character.  Water  was  scarce,  and 
usually  unpleasantly  alkaline.  We  had  found  no  wood  along  the  line,  and 
were  therefore  obliged  to  place  our  dependence  for  fuel  upon  buffalo-chips, 
which  were  everywhere  abundant.  At  the  East  Fork,  however,  I  obtained 
a  load  of  wood  by  sending  twelve  miles  down  the  fork  to  a  small  grove  of 
cottonwood-trees,  and  this  lasted  us  until  our  arrival  at  the  depot  camp, 
eked  out,  as  before,  by  "  bois  Ocs  vdchea." 

On  the  13th  of  July,  while  on  the  march  from  Station  No.  15  to  No. 
I  (i,  my  scout,  George  Boyd,  aided  by  the  Indian  scouts,  killed  the  first 
1>uffalo  we  had  seen— a  lone  old  bull.  After  that  date  we  frequently  saw 
small  bands,  and  at  times,  when  we  got  to  close  quarters  with  them,  killed 
more  perhaps  than  our  needs  justified.  Ujion  our  return  from  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  the  Sweetgrass  Hills,  the  plains  and  the  eastern  slopes  of  the 
hills  were  literally  black  with  the  creatures,  and  for  days,  upon  our  march 
toward  Fort  Benton,  the  plains  presented  a  similar  appearance,  for  nearly 
180  degrees  of  the  horizon,  from  the  north  ai'ound  by  the  east. 

The  buffalo  find  everj'  pool  of  water  exi.sting  upon  the  prairie,  and  are 
in  the  habit  of  standing  in  them  to  rid  themselves  of  the  flies  which  are  their 
peculiar  pests.  Wherever,  therefore,  the  buffalo  had  preceded  us  we  found 
the  pools  were  mud-holes,  which  were  loaded  with  buftalo  cxcrcia.  Some- 
times the  water  which  we  were  compelled  to  drink,  even  of  pools  large 
enough  to  be  called  ponds  or  small  lakes,  was  so  imjtregnated  with  buffalo- 
urine  as  to  partake  of  its  coloi',  and  to  be  altogether  disgusting  to  the 
stomacli. 


REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPKNDIX  A. 


283 


Between  Stiition  No.  15  iind  the  Milk  River  we  saw  various  camps  and 
luinting-parties  of  Indians,  supposed  to  be  Sioux,  and  my  scout,  Boyd,  had 
several  intervievs  with  bands  of  Assiniboines,  but  we  were  not,  at  any  time, 
molested  by  them. 

Upon  carrival  at  the  Sweetgrass  Hills  depot  it  became  necessary  to  make 
some  repairs  to  ray  wagons,  which  had  become  much  shrunken  by  the  con- 
tinued dry  weather.  The  4th  and  Ath  of  August  were  therefore  spent  in 
resetting  tires  and  reshoeing  the  animals. 

I'he  march  westward  was  resumed  on  the  (Jth  of  August,  and  Stations 
Nos.  18,  19,  and  20  were,  thereafter,  successively  established.  Work  at  the 
latter  station,  which  w.as  the  last  one  of  the  survey,  was  completed  on  the 
26th  of  August 

There  had  been,  therefore,  between  the  Gth  of  July  and  the  2Gth  of 
August,  eight  astronomical  stations  established,  and  three  hundred  and  fifty- 
four  miles  marched.  The  average  number  of  hours  that  we  were  in  camp 
near  stations  was  eighty-nine,  and  the  average  length  of  march  for  every 
day,  excluding  those  at  stations  and  the  depot,  was  18.6  miles,  the  shortest 
march  being  four,  and  the  longest  thirty-four  miles. 

Camp  at  Chief  Mountain  Lake  was  broken,  and  the  march  eastward, 
to  join  the  Chief  Astronomer's  party  at  the  Sweetgrass  Hills  depot,  begun 
on  the  27th,  and  finished  on  the  .'{1st  of  August. 

At  this  point  the  military  escort  was  relieved  from  duty  with  my  party, 
as  they  were  to  march  back  to  their  station  at  Fort  Buford,  and  we  were  to 
go  to  Fort  Benton,  and  thence,  by  Mackinac  boats,  down  the  ^[issouri  River 
to  Bismarck.  I  desire  to  express  my  sense  of  grateful  appreciation  to  Major 
Bryant  for  the  kind  cheerfulness  with  which  the  movements  of  his  conunand 
were  always  made  to  correspond  with  those  which  I  deemed  necessary  for 
my  party.  . 

On  the  4th  of  Septendier,  in  company  w  itli  the  parties  of  the  Commis- 
sioner and  Chief  Astronomer,  we  left  the  boun(lar}-line  to  march  to  Fort 
Benton,  arriving  at  the  latter  place  on  the  8th  instant.  A  reconnaissance 
survey  of  the  loute  traveled  was  made  by  Mr.  Boss,  the  initial  point  being 
fixed,  by  triangulatiou,  from  tl/e  as'- juomical  .station  near  the  Sweetgniss 
Hills  depot,  and  the  terminal  points  at  Fort  Benton  by  sextant  oliservatioiis. 


I 


I  ?! 


284 


UNITED  STATES  NOETHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Tho  distance  traveled  between  the  two  points  was  one  hundred  and  fourteen 
miles. 

At  Fort,  Benton  wo  were  joined  by  Lieutenant  Greene's  parties,  which 
had  come  from  the  boimdary-Hno  via  Fort  Shaw.  The  transportation, 
camp-equipage,  &c.,  of  the  parties  was  turned  over  to  the  quartermaster  of 
the  Commission  for  transportation  to  Fort  Shaw,  and  the  parties,  save  those 
men  who  desired  to  remain  in  Montana,  and  were  paid  off  and  discharged 
at  Fort  Benton,  embarked  on  the  12th  of  September,  in  Mackinac  boats, 
to  row  down  the  Missouri  liiver  to  Bisn)arck. 

Tliere  were  six  boats,  witli  an  officer  or  assistant  in  charge  of  each,  and 
the  Chief  Astronomer  in  diarge  of  the  whole.  The  crews  and  freight  were 
so  divided  as  to  give  about  equal  loads  to  the  boats,  and  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible equal  power  for  propulsion.  We  arrived  at  Fort  Buford  on  the  23d, 
and  at  Bismarck  on  the  SOtli  of  September.  The  distance,  by  river,  from 
Benton  to  Bismarck,  as  determined  by  the  astronomically-checked  boat 
survey  make  by  Lieutenant  Greene's  jiarties,  is  eight  hundred  and  five 
miles.  The  same  distance  is  popularly  supposed  to  be,  from  the  estimates 
of  steamboat-men,  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty-six  miles. 

We  left  Bismarck,  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Raihoad,  October  2,  and 
arrived  in  Saint  Paul  October  3,  where,  as  in  previous  seasons,  the  men  of 
the  party  were  paid  off  and  discharged.  Tho  offic<  and  assistants  thence 
proceeded  to  Washington,  where  the  usual  routine  of  office-work  was 
resumed. 

In  closing  this  report,  I  desire  to  make  mention  of  the  admirable  man- 
ner in  which  all  duties  required  of  them  were  perfonned  by  my  assistants 
during  the  whole  progress  of  the  survey.  Especially  am  I  indebted  to 
Mr.  Boss  and  Mr.  Wilson,  not  only  for  cheerful  performance  of  the  duties 
devolved  upon  them,  but  also  for  zeal  in  the  furtherance  of  the  work  which 
was  equaled  only  by  tho  discretion  and  accuracy  with  which  their  work 
was  done. 

I  desire  also  to  mention  my  foreman,  William  Batson,  who,  by  the 
exercise  of  an  acute  intelligence  and  untiring  energy,  relieved  me  of  mucb. 
personal  responsibility,  and  contributed  not  a  little  to  the  harmony  and 
comfort  of  my  [)arties. 


REPORT  OF  THE  CUIBF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


285 


SEASON    OP    1  875 

A  portion  of  tlio  United  States  Northern  boundary-line  which  lies 
across  the  valley  of  the  Red  River,  and  extends  some  distance  beyond  its 
eastern  and  western  limits,  is  marked  at  even-milo  intervals  (with  one 
exception,  which  will  be  hereafter  noted)  by  cast-iron  pillars,  of  which 
alternate  ones  were  placed  in  position  by  parties  of  the  British  and  United 
States  Conunissions,  respectively.  Those  of  the  British  Commission  were 
placed  in  1874,  .and  to  place  those  of  the  United  States  Commission,  I 
went,  under  instructions  from  the  Chief  Astronomer,  to  the  boundary-line, 
in  the  summer  of  1875. 

The  United  States  pillars  were  made  at  Detroit,  Alich.,  upon  the  same 
general  plan  and  specifications  as  those  which  mark  our  Northeastern  bound- 
ary-line, differing  from  the  latter  only  in  the  inscriptions  upon  them.  They 
are  hollow  iron  castings,  three-eighths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  in  the  form  of 
a  truncated  pyramid,  eight  feet  high,  eight  inches  sqaare  at  bottom,  four 
inches  square  at  top,  with  solid  pyramidal  cap,  and  an  octagonal  flange,  one 
inch  in  thickness,  at  bottom.  Upon  opposite  faces  are  cast,  in  letters  two 
inches  high,  the  inscriptions  "Convention  of  London,"  and  "October  20, 
1818."  The  inscriptions  begin  about  four  and  a  half  feet  above  the  base, 
and  read  upward.  Thn  interiors  are  tilled  with  well-seasonod  cedar  posts, 
sawed  to  fit,  and  securely  spiked,  through  sj)ike-hoi'}s  cast  in  the  pillars 
for  the  purpose.  The  average  weight  of  the  ])illars,  w'lcn  completed  and 
painted,  was  two  hundred  and  eighty-five  pounds. 

I  arrived  at  J^otroit  August  3,  inspected  the  pillavs  unon  completion, 
and,  finding  them  all  perfect  and  according  to  s])ec;iications,  shipped  them, 
on  the  8tli  instant,  via  the  Great  Lakes  and  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  to 
Moorhead,  Minn.  I  then  went  by  rail  to  Saint  Paul,  whei'e  I  employed  a 
foreman,  obtained  such  equipage  and  materials  as  were  necessary  for  a 
working  party,  and  left  for  Moorhead  iqwn  the  receipt,  August  15,  of  tele- 
graphic advices  that  the  pillars  would  arrive  there  the  next  day.  From 
Moorhead,  I  shipped  the  pillars,  equipage,  &c.,  and  myself  took  passage, 
August  IG,  on  the  steamboat  Dakota,  for  Pembina.     Owing  lo  the  low 


fl  • 


286 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


i:i 


stage  of  water  in  the  Red  River,  we  were  so  frecjuently  groaiided  on  bars 
and  rapids  that  we  did  not  arrive  at  our  destination  until  tlie  *jr)lli  instant. 

At  Pembina  I  organized  a  working  party  by  eni])loying  tour  additional 
men  and  three  teams,  and  began  setting  the  j)illars  on  the  2d  of  September. 

The  similar  pilhirs  which  h.ad  been  placed  by  the  British  parties  the 
preceding  autumn,  were  at  two-mile  intervals,  reckoning  eastward  and 
westward  from  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  boundary-line  with  the  jjrin- 
cipal  meridian  of  the  Dominion  province  of  Manitoba,  and  my  instructions 
were  to  place  the  United  States  pillars  midway  between  them,  in  order  that 
the  intervals  between  pillars  should  bo  oven  miles.  The  mounds  erected 
when  the  survey  of  this  portion  of  the  boundary-line  was  made,  in  1873, 
were  at  even-mile  intervals,  reckoning  eastward  and  westward  from  the 
initial  astronomical  station.  No.  1,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Red  River.  The 
principal  meridian  of  Manitoba  crossed  the  boundary-line  five  chains  eighty- 
throe  links,  or  384.8  feet  west  of  the  mound  Uitarest  it,  and,  therefore, 
each  pillar  was  to  be  placed  the  same  distance  west  of  its  corresponding 
mound.  The  sites  for  them  had  been  marked,  over  a  j)ortion  of  the  line, 
by  the  parties  which  placed  the  British  pillars,  with  a  peg  and  a  small  earth 
mound.  When  the  pegs  were  found  intact  the  pillars  were  there  placed ; 
if  they  were  missing,  or  when,  as  on  the  lino  eastward  from  Rosoaii  Ridge 
to  Roseau  River,  no  sites  had  been  marked,  they  were  established  with 
theodolite  and  chain,  by  means  of  the  distance  mentioned  and  tlio  direction 
given  by  the  adjacent  moimd  and  the  next  iron  pillar. 

From  the  Red  River  eastward  to  the  twenty-mile  point,  the  mounds 
were  in  erroneous  positions,  owing  to  an  error  made  in  the  field-calculations, 
which  was  discovered  and  corrected  in  the  subsequent  office-computations. 
They  were  north  of  the  lino  jn-oportionally  to  the  distances  from  the  east 
and  west  ends  of  the  tangents  to  the  point  of  juiu;tion,  the  greatest  error 
being  lfi.9  feet  at  the  ten-mile  point.  (For  details  see  Lieutenant  Greene's 
report  "Details  of  Tangents.")  The  errors  were  corrected,  and  all  of  tho 
iron  pillars  placed  in  their  proper  positions. 

The  pillois  wore  all  set  four  feet  in  the  ground,  with  their  inscription- 
faces  to  the  north  and  south,  and  the  earth  around  them  well  settled.  They 
were  placed  in  their  exact  sites  by  means  of  stakes  north  and  south  and 


UKrOHT  OF  TIIK  CIIIKF  ASTHONOMFCH,  APPKNDIX  A. 


287 


east  and  west  of  the  pof^s  niarkinf^  their  sites;  upon  which  iilif^nnieiit  wiis 
made  in  the  two  direetions,  before  and  dining'  the  time  that  they  were  being 
secured  by  bowhhirs  and  eartii. 

There  were  seventeen  jjilhirs  set  east,  and  forty-three  west  of  th(f  Ued 
River;  the  most  easterly  and  most  Avesterly  being,  respectively,  53  miles 
55.10  chains  and  1  70  miles  55.19  chains  west  of  the  astronomical  station 
at  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  (No.  1  east).  The  intervening  ones  are  all  at 
their  proper  intervals,  with  two  e.xceptions,  viz,  an  extra  jjillar  was  jdaced 
in  the  mound  marking  the  initial  point  of  the  survey  near  the  Red  Kiver 
(Station  No.  1),  and  the  pillar  next  west  of  the  Pembina  River  was  set  in 
the  mound  134  miles  32.07  chains  west  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  station. 
This  latter  site  was  selected  for  two  reasons:  tirst,  on  account  of  its  con- 
spicuous position,  on  the  crest  of  the  high  ridge  west  of  the  river;  and 
second,  because  it  would  have  been  at  a  great  expense  of  time  and  lal)or 
to  have  carried  it,  by  hand,  down  the  precipitous  blufis,  to  an  obscure 
position  in  the  gulch  below. 

The  work  was  completed,  and  the  men  and  teams  of  the  party  paid  off 
and  di8charg(>d  on  the  7th  of  Octcdjer.  From  the  2d  of  September  to  th(f 
latter  date,  we  were  accompanied  by  a  military  escort,  detailed  by  order  of 
Brigadier-General  Terry,  commanding  Department  of  Dakota,  consisting 
of  twelve  enlisted  men  of  the  Twentieth  Infantry,  from  the  garrison  of  Fort 
Pembina,  conmianded  by  IJeut.  C.  IL  Low  of  the  same  regiment.  To 
[.lieutenant  Low  and  his  men  I  am  indebted  for  nuich  assistance  in  expe- 
diting the  work. 

Upon  my  return  to  Pembina,  I  found  instructions  from  the  Chief 
Astronomer,  directing  me  to  proceed  to  the  Northwest  Angle  of  the  r.,nko 
of  the  Woods,  for  purposes  which  are  detailed  in  a  special  paper  concerning 
that  locality.  I  accordingly  left  Pembina  on  the  8th  of  October,  proceeded 
by  stage  to  Winnipeg,  Afanitoba,  and  thence,  by  special  conveyance,  to 
my  destination,  and  having  performed  the  duty  with  which  I  was  charged, 
returned  to  Pembina,  on  the  15th;  and  after  adjusting  the  business  iifl'airs 
of  the  Commission  there  and  at  Saint  Paul,  I  returned  to  Washington  on 
the  2d  of  November. 


I' 


288 


UNITED  STATES  NOHTUKKN    llOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


ASTRONOMY. 

Tlio  latitutles  of  all  of  tlio  nstronoinical  Htations  were  doteitniiiod  by 
obsorvatioua,  with  tlio  zenith  telescopo,  of  tho  diflereiicef  of  nearly  equal 
meridian  zenith  distances  of  stars,  north  and  south  of  tho  zenith.  This 
method  and  instrument  arc  now  in  such  general  use  that  only  such  descrip- 
tion of  them  is  necessary  as  will  explain  tho  features  and  circumstances 
peculiar  to  our  work. 

I  N  S  T  K  U  M  K  N  T  8  . 

The  zenith  telescopes  used  were  Nos.  f),  11,  and  20,  Wiirdemann. 
Nos.  9  and  11  were  of  twenty-five  inches  focal  length,  of  small  magnifying 
power,  and  were  considerably  woni  by  use  ujjon  tho  survey  of  our  North- 
western boundary-line,  from  tho  Pacific  Ocean  to  the  summit  of  the  Kocky 
Mountains. 

No.  20  was  a  new  instrument,  made  for  tho  Commission  in  1872  and 
'73,  of  thirty-two  inches  focal  length,  and  a  magnifying  power  of  sixty 
diameters. 

No.  !)  was  used  by  Captain  Twining,  at  Stations  Nos.  1  and  1  east,  and 
with  it  good  results  were  obtained. 

No.  1 1  was  used  by  myself,  at  Stations  Nos.  3,  7,  and  9,  and  found  to 
be  entirely  unreliable.  It  was  afterward  discovered  that  during  tho  time 
of  observations  at  Station  No.  3,  tho  telescope  M'as  loose  upon  its  horizontal 
axis.  Though  this  fault  was  afterward  remedied,  an  irredeemable  one  was 
the  badly-ground  level  attached  to  the  telescope,  which  would  often  sud- 
denly indicate  large  changes  in  the  adjtistnients  that  could  not  be  detected 
by  means  of  the  striding-level.  Tho  instrument  was,  in  fact,  faulty  to  a 
degree  that  rendered  the  attainment  of  precise  '  osults  with  it  impossible. 
It  was  soon  discarded  and  replaced  by  No.  20,  -.vliich  was  used  at  sixteen 
stations  and  at  Fort  Buford,  and  found  to  bo,  in  all  respects,  a  perfect 
instrument. 

I  N  8  T  R  U  M  K  N  T  -  S  T  A  N  D  .S  . 

From  the  beginning  of  the  work  up  to  Station  No.  5,  the  instruments 
were  mounted  upon  wooden  posts,  about  twenty  inches  in  diameter  and  six 
feet  long,  sunk  four  feet  in  the  ground.     Well-seasoned  logs  were  selected, 


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»NSTRUMENT   &TAND 

CAPT  W.J.I  WINING    Uwps  Of  Enline[R,s 

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REPOET  OF  THK  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


289 


and  tho  portion  above  ground  painted  to  prevent  swelling,  shrinking,  and 
twisting  with  atmospheric  changes.  They  served  their  purpose  very  well, 
but  as  our  field  of  labor  was,  for  the  most  part,  a  treeless  country,  it  was 
very  desirable  to  have  some  sort  of  a  stand  which  could  be  conveniently 
Iransported  from  station  to  station.  Such  an  one  was  devised  by  Captain 
Twining,  and  manufactured  to  his  order  at  the  Detroit  Locomotive  A\  orks. 
Three  pointed  steel  bars,  two  inches  in  diameter  and  six  anu  a  half  feet 
long,  were  driveii  four  and  a  half  feet  into  the  gi-ound,  and  formed  a  jjart  of 
a  rigid  system,  with  a  braced  triangular  frame-work  of  oak,  twenty-nine 
inches  high,  whose  horizontal  section  was  an  isosoles  triangle,  of  about 
fourteen  inches  base.  The  connection  between  the  bars  and  frame-work 
was  effected  b}  open  steel  clamps  at  top  and  bottom  of  the  fvome-work, 
which  were  closed  by  bolts  and  nuts,  after  the  bars  were  driven. 

Tho  table,  which  was  a  solid  triangular  piece  of  oak,  three  inches  thick, 
was  joined  to  the  bars  by  means  of  bolts  attached  to  its  liottom,  three  for 
each  bar,  and  intermediate  flanged  ft^niale  screws,  with  bolt-holes,  which 
fitted  the  corresponding  male  screws  upon  tlic  biiv-heads. 

Betwe^i  these  flanged  screws  and  the  table-bottom  were  placed  soft- 
rubber  washers,  to  allow  the  table  to  be  brought  to  a  firm  bearing,  by  means 
of  the  bolts  and  nuts,  when  the  top  surfaces  of  the  flanges  were  not  in  the 
same  plane,  or  any  of  them  not  parallel  to  t'ne  bottom  of  tlie  surface  of  tlie 
table. 

On  the  bars,  below  the  flanged  female  scn^ws,  were  brass  chock-screws, 
which  worked  against  the  former,  and  held  them  tlrmly  hi  position. 

To  place  the  stand  in  position,  the  top  soil  was  first  removed  from  a 
triangidar  space  a  little  larger  than  the  table  of  the  stand.  The  frame-work 
was  then  placed  upon  the  hard  soil,  tlic  bars  inserted  in  the  o])en  clamps, 
and  <lriven  with  iron-bound  wooden  mnlls  of  twenty-five  pounds  weight. 

The  bar-heads  wen  i)Votecte<l  during  the  driving  by  chilled-iron  lie.ads, 
temporarily  screwed  on.  These  were  then  removed,  the  clamps  tightened, 
and  the  tiible  screwed  down.  The  whole  was  then  covered  with  a  blanket 
bag,  to  i)rotect  the  metal  from  the  eft'ects  of  sudden  changes  of  temperf.- 
ture,  and  consequent  disturbance  of  the  adjustnuMits  of  the  surmounting 


mstrument 
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UNITED  STATES  NOHTHERN  HOUND ARY  COMMISSION. 


In  hard  and  gravelly  soils  the  bars  were  driven  with  considerable  diffi- 
culty, sinking  slowly  under  the  impulses  given  by  the  twenty-five  pound 
malls,  swung  by  stalwart  men,  but  in  no  instance  was  I  unable  to  use  the 
stand  by  reason  ox  not  being  able  to  sink  the  bars.  Small  bowlders  struck, 
were  either  broken  or  forced  aside,  and  sometimes  the  bars  themselves  were 
slightly  sprung,  not  efi"ecting,  however,  any  damage.  In  a  few  cases  large 
bowlders  were  struck,  necessitating  the  choice  of  another  position  for  the 
stand. 

I  used  this  stand  at  thirteen  stations,  and  found  it  to  be  sufficiently 
stable,  much  more  convenient  to  work  around  than  a  post,  and  there  was 
no  settling. 

The  labor  of  placing  and  lomoval  was  much  less  than  with  posts,  and 
could  be  accomplished  in  half  the  time. 

I  think,  however,  that  the  bars  would  answer  their  purpose  as  well  if 
they  were  made  but  five  feet  long;  they  would  then  have  to  be  driven  only 
three  feet  in  the  ground,  which  would  aftord  ample  stability,  while  the  labor 
of  driving  them,  and  of  digging  them  out,  would  be  greatly  lessened. 

At  Station  No.  20,  the  instrument  was  mounted  upon  a  structure  of 
limestone  slabs  an<l  small  i)ieoes  of  rock.  As  each  slab  had  uneven  sur- 
faces, and  was  of  varying  thickness,  its  points  of  support  were  three  small 
stones  of  selected  sizes,  so  i)liiced  on  the  slab  below  as  to  make  the  top 
surface  of  the  sup|)orted  slab  as  nearly  level  as  possible. 

Although  the  arrangement  answr  ed  tolerably  well,  it  was  neither  as 
stable  nor  as  convenient  as  our  instrument-stand.  The  latter  1  was  unable 
to  transport  up  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  and  was,  therefore,  compelled  to 
supply  its  ])laco  in  any  manner  that  I  best  could. 

S  !■:  .\  T  A  N  T  .S .  . 

The  sextants  used  were  Nos.  {if)2  and  1455,  Stackpole  &  Bro.  They 
were  puiolnned  by  the  Commission,  and  possess  some  peculiarities  which 
were  made  from  designs  by  Professor  llarkness.  United  States  Navy. 
They  are  of  six-inch  radius,  are  graduated  to  10',  and  reail  by  vernier  to 
10".  The  vernier-plate  is  beveled,  and  the  attached  reading-microscope 
is  inclined  to  the  limb  in  the  direction  of  the  graduation-lines,  an  aiTange- 


I 


REPORT  OF  THU  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


291 


ment  which  I  do  not  consider  desirable,  especially  for  night-work.  A  find- 
ing-level is  attached  to  the  index-bar,  which  is  a  great  convenience  to 
inexperienced  observers. 

An  eye-piece  shade,  with  several  glasses  of  various  depths  of  the  same 
color,  was  found  to  be  a  decided  convenience  for  use  in  sun-observations, 
obviating  the  use  of  the  shades  of  the  index  and  horizon  glasses,  and,  there- 
fore, eliminating  the  possibilities  of  eiTors  arising  from  difierent  refractions 
by  those  shades. 

The  instruments  were  well  made,  and  were,  on  the  whole,  very  satis- 
factory. 

Mr.  Boss  made  an  extended  series  of  investigations  in  1873  to  obtain 
the  corrections  for  eccentricity  of  No.  1452.  They  consisted  of  compari- 
sons of  observed  angular  distances  of  stars  with  the  same  distances  com- 
puted. As  the  results  obtained  do  not  elsewhere  appear,  they  are  here 
tabidated. 

ConrcfioHH  due  to  trcfiitrifitji — Sc.vtant,  1452,  IStaclpole  ifc  Bro. 


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110 

1      -•..-.7 

C  II  KONG  M  KT  i;  KS. 

The  chronometers  used  by  my  party  in  1S7.'5  were  Negus  break- 
circuit  sidereal  No.  l-tHl  ;  \^^n\i\  ,»<i(l('r('fil  No.  2l{r) ;  Negus  mean  solar  No. 
lai'J. 

In  1874  I  had  Negus  lironk-circiiit  sidereal  No.  1511}  instead  of  1481, 
the  others  being  the  same. 

Tiie  break-circuit  clironometers  were  swung  in  giml.als,  and  the  others 
were  in  leatlier  cases.  Tliey  were  usually  ])acked  for  transportation  in  a 
cotton-lined  box,  and  were  carried  in  the  spring  instrument-wagon. 

Their  jierformances  wen-  tpiite  satisfactory,  as  may  be  ascertained  by 
reference  to  tlie  special  j)ap(!r  on  chronometer  jn'rlormanccs. 


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292 


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UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


ASTRONOMICAL     TRANSITS. 


I  can-ied,  during  the  seasou  of  1873,  astronomical  transit  No.  30,  Wiir- 
demann,  and,  in  1874,  No.  4,  WUrdemann.  These  were  Httle  used.  ^^  few 
observations  for  instrumental  constants  and  time  were  made  at  Station  No.  7. 

MANNER     OF     WORK. 

It  was  customary,  when  upon  the  march,  to  make  daily  observations 
with  the  sextant  for  time  and  latitude ;  sometimes  of  the  sun,  but  oftener 
of  well-known  stars. 

When  marching  over  portions  of  the  country  which  were  not  r^er- 
ward  to  be  surveyed  by  the  tojjograpliical  parties,  daily  observations  were 
made,  when  j)racticable,  of  stars  east  and  west  for  time,  and  north  and 
south  for  latitude.  By  means  of  the  prismatic  compass  and  odometer  as 
full  reconnaissance-notes  as  possible  were  made  of  the  trail  between  points 
of  astronomical  observation. 

When  marching  along  tlie  boundary-line  the  same  care  as  to  survey 
of  route,  «&.c.,  was  not  oxerciscd,  as  thif  was  to  be  the  field  of  the  topt)- 
grjiphical  parties,  and  o  ily  such  notes  of  bearings  and  distances  were  kept 
as  would  enable  us,  ai  any  time,  to  know  our  approximate  position  with 
reference  to  points  iipon  the  boundary-line;  chronometers  were,  however, 
usually  compared  daily,  at  noon,  botk  in  camp  and  upon  the  march. 

When  it  happened  that  wo  arrived  before  noon  in  the  vicinity  of  a 
proposed  astronomical  station,  a  halt  was  made  in  sufficient  time  to  take 
circunaneridian  observations  of  the  sun  for  latitude,  for  which  the  corre- 
sponding time-observations  were  made  when  the  sun  had  attained  an  hour- 
angle  great  euougli  to  give  sufficiently  accurate  results. 

To  make  these  observations,  and  to  comput«J  tlie  latitude  from  the  data 
so  obtained,  and  the  longitude  from  the  compass  and  odometer  record  of 
march  from  the  i)receding  station,  or  the  chronometers,  usually  involved  a 
delay  of  two  and  a  half  or  three  hoiu's. 

From  the  position  so  established,  it  was  easy  to  proceed,  by  compass 
and  odometer,  to  a  point  near  the  49th  parallel,  and  at  the  prcpor  distance 
from  the  preceding  station. 

In  case  of  airival  in  such  vicinity  after  noon,  it  was  necessary  to  go 


llj 


HEPOUT  OF  TIIK  CUIKI'  ASTKOXOMEK,  APPENDIX  A. 


293 


into  camp  and  await  the  result  of  nifrht  observations.  In  several  instances, 
however,  1  was  spared  this  delay  through  the  coni-tesy  of  the  Chief  Astron- 
omer of  the  British  Commission,  who  had  driven  pickets  upon  which  were 
recorded  the  results  of  observations  made  by  him  while  on  reconnaissance 
expeditions,  thus  affording  me  fixed  points  on  which  to  base  trail-surveys. 

A  site  for  camp  and  the  observatory  was  then  selected  as  near  the 
49th  parallel  as  the  necessities  of  camp  life,  such  as  proximity  to  water  and 
grass,  would  pemrit,  and  the  zenith  telescope  was  prepared  for  use.  1  rarely 
found  it  possibl'  put  the  instrument  in  perfect  adjustment  imtil  after  sun- 
down, because  oi  the  rapid  changes  in  temperature  which  occurred  during 
the  latter  part  of  the  afternoon.  The  difference  between  the  highest  tem- 
perature on  July  G,  1874,  and  the  lowest  on  tlie  succeeding  night  was  56°.;?; 
in  many  instances  the  changes  inside  of  twenty-four  hours  were  as  much 
as  40°  to  50°. 

The  instrument  was  placed  in  the  meridian  by  means  of  an  observation 
of  Polaris  at  any  convenient  even  minute  of  time,  for  which  the  azimuth  of 
the  star  was  computed  in  advance. 

It  was  rarel}'  necessary  to  repeat  this  adjustment  at  any  station,  though 
a  convenient  test  of  its  accuracy  was  aff"orded  by  eye  comparison  with  the 
micrometer  comb-scale  of  th?  distances  from  mid-wire  of  stars  observed  at 
culmination.  If  tliese  distances,  so  estimated,  did  not  exceed  three  microm- 
eter turns  (one  turn  =:62"),  the  adjustment  was  considered  satisfactory;  if 
unsatistiU'toiy,  it  could  be  repeated  in  about  twenty  minutes'  tinie. 

in  latitude  observations  the  star  bisection  was  always  perfected  at  the 
instant  of  culmination,  which  time,  as  well  as  that  of  each  even  ten  seconds 
and  the  last  even  five  seconds  of  the  preceding  half  minute,  was  called  by 
the  recorder,  who  liad  before^  him  the  chronometer,  and  the  computed  chro- 
nometer time  of  culmination  on  the  programme  arranged  for  the  night. 

Chronometer  corrections  were  ascertained  by  means  of  sextant  obser- 
vations east  and  west. 

'i'ho  observations  of  each  night  were  computed  the  following  morning; 
frequently  those  of  the  hist  night  at  a  station  were  ct>mputed  as  fast  us 
taken. 

On  the  day  ftillowinj''  the  lirst  night's  work  llie  distance  on  tlie  meridian 


f  lit 


11 


.1  H\ 


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i;il 


294 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  ROUNUARY  COMMISSION. 


from  the  center  of  tha  instrument  to  the  49th  parallel,  as  given  by  the  mean 
of  the  results,  was  carefully  measured,  and  a  picket  driven  there  (in  latitude 
49°:  1"  of  latitude  n  101.34  feet).  The  teams  were  then  employed  during 
the  remainder  of  the  days  at  the  station  in  haixling  stone  for  the  mound  to 
tliis  picket. 

When  the  requisite  number  of  results  were  obtained,  and  the  final  lat- 
itude deduced,  the  diffei'ence  between  it  and  the  result  of  the  first  night's 
work  v.\i8  laid  off  on  the  ground,  north  or  south,  from  the  picket  before 
mentioned,  and  another  picket  driven,  around  which  was  piled  the  stone  for 
the  mound  which  marks  the  boundary-line. 

The  mounds  were  conical  in  form,  and  varied  in  dimensions  with  the 
comparative  difficulty  experienced  in  obtaining  stones.  The  smallest  was 
about  five  feet  high,  and  eight  feet  in  diameter  at  base,  and  the  largest 
eight  feet  high,  and  sixteen  feet  in  diameter  at  base. 

When  timber  was  obtainable  there  was  iisuully  a  post  sunk  three  feet 
in  the  ground,  around  which  the  mound  was  built ;  otherwise  the  top  soil 
was  removed  and  a  circle  of  small  bowlders  laid  around  a  central  stone  used 
in  the  place  of  the  picket.  This  was  then  covered  wiui  earth  and  the  mound 
piled  upon  it. 

Upon  completion  of  the  mound,  which  was  usually  before  noon  of  the 
day  succeeding  the  lavst  night's  work  at  a  station,  camp  was  brolien  and  the 
march  begun  for  the  next  station. 

BLANK     FORMS. 

The  blank  forms  used  for  computations  in  the  field  Avere  so  convenient 
that  I  deem  them  worthy  of  preservation,  and  to  that  end  attach  specimena 
hereto: 

1.  Time  by  single  altitude. 

2.  J  atitude  Vy  Polaris  off  meridian. 

3.  Latitude  by  circunanoridian  altitudes. 

4.  Programme  for  zenith-telescope  observations. 
.5.  Comparison  of  chroiomoters. 

6.  Record  and  reduction  of  zenith-telescope  observations. 

Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4  wore  arniuged  in  blocks  of  one  liundrod  forma,  from 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A.  295 

which  each  form  was  detached  for  file  as  computations  upon  it  were  com- 
pleted. No.  5  was  in  book-form  of  half  quires ;  the  specimen  shown  is  one- 
half  of  one  page. 

No.  6  was  in  book-fonn  of  four  quires ;  the  specimens  shown  are  the 
headings  of  opposite  pages. 

K  K  s  u  L  T  s . 

There  are  appended  hereto  complete  records  of  the  astronomical  sta- 
tions. They  are  in  order  as  follows: — 

1.  Star  Catalogues,  1872,  '73,  '74. 

2.  Latitude  determinations  with  the  zenith  telescope. 

3.  Instrumental  constants. 

4.  Abstract  of  chronometer  records. 

5.  Results  at  British  astronomical  stations. 

6.  Reconnaissance-positions. 

The  large  number  of  independent  observations  made  with  the  sextant 
for  time  and  latitude,  are  not  appended.  They,  alone,  would  make  a  consid- 
erable volume,  ard  are  not  considered  essential  to  a  faithful  presentation  of 
the  record. 

8  T  A  K     C  A  T  A  L  O  G  U  E  S  . 

The  star  lists  comprise  all  stars  used  for  observation  with  the  zenith 
telescope.  Tlieir  designating  numbers  are  those  of  the  British  Association 
Catalogue,  and  the  mean  declinations  and  proper  motions  those  adopted 
for  the  year.  The  list  for  1872  was  used  at  but  two  stations.  No.  1  and 
No.  1  east.  The  mean  declinations  were  derived  fi-om  the  catalogues  of 
the  Greenwich  observatory.  The  mean  declinations  for  1873  and  1874 
were  obtained  by  homogeneous  reduction,  according  to  the  method  of 
Argelander,  from  all  reliable  authorities  obtainable.  This  has  been  the  work 
of  Mr.  Lewis  Boss,  to  whom  great  credit  is  due  for  the  correct  and  altogether 
admirable  manner  in  M-liich  his  work  has  been  performed.  As  he  is  engaged 
in  the  preparation  of  an  elaborate  report  tipon  the  subject  of  these  star 
places,  I  will  not  cnlnrgo  upon  thorn  here,  and  will  only  add,  that  a  careful 
examination  of  the  latitude  results  obtained,  and  of  the  residuals  of  each 
pair  of  stars,  referred  to  the  mean  latitudes  of  the  s(iveral  stations,  affords 


i 


,  I  i 


<  |s 


'SI 


296 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTHERN  BOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


ample  evidence  to  warrant  the  conclusion  that  the  errors  of  determination 
are  almost  wholly  those  of  observation,  includinfj,  of  course,  instrumental 
errors,  and  that  the  mean  places  of  the  stars  may  be  considered  as  very 
nearly  approaching  absolute  accuracy. 

The  lists  for  1873  iuul  1874  comprise  one  hundred  and  twenty -four 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  stars,  respectively,  in  declination  from 
-f  17°  45'  52"  to  71.'°  58'  55",  and  in  right  ascension  from  13''  22"'  to  4"  05'", 
which  were  the  hours  of  possible  observation  during  the  field-seasons. 

The  ei)hemeris,  as  constructed  for  use  in  the  field,  consisted  of: — 

1st.  Table  of  mean  places  for  the  year;  R.  A.  from  any  reliable  author- 
ity; annual  precession  and  proper  motion.  Logaritlnns  of  the  constants 
a'  h'  d  (V,  corresponding  to  Bessel's  formuljB  and  notation  for  reduction 
from  mean  to  apparent  place. 

2d.  Logarithms  of  day  numbers  for  the  day  and  sidereal  hours  speci- 
fied, computed  for  a  mean  longitude  of  the  stations. 

3d.  Table  of  apparent  places,  for  every  five  days  of  the  probable  time 
of  field-work. 

This  time,  in  1873,  was  from  May  20  to  October  22,  and  in  1674,  from 
June  21  to  October  12. 

Declinations  for  other  dates  than  those  given  in  the  table,  were  obtained 
by  interpolation,  the  difference  between  a  declination  so  obtained,  and  one 
directly  reduced,  being  inappreciable. 

LATITUDEKESULTS 


The  final  result  for  the  latitude  of  each  station  is  the  arithmetical  mean 
of  all  of  the  determinations  at  that  station,  M-ithout  regard  to  time  of  obser- 
vation or  the  pairs  of  stars  observed.  This  method  was  chosen,  because 
the  probable  error  of  declination  is  so  far  inside  of  that  of  observation  as 
to  render  weighting,  not  only  a  work  of  unnecessary  refinement,  but  pos- 
itively undesirable.  For  the  same  I'eason,  it  is  believed  that  the  final 
accuracy  is  about  the  same  at  .stations,  so  far  as  it  depends  upon  the  number 
of  different  jjairs  of  stars  observed. 

At  no  station  lias  the  time  of  observation  covered  a  period  of  Ics.s  than 
two  entire  nights.     In  those  instances,  when  there  were  two  or  three  nights 


KEl'OKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONO.Ai  .i;,  AITENDIX  A. 


297 


of  observation,  tlie  number  of  observations  made  on  the  several  nights  were 
nearly  the  same,  and  tlie  mean  result  given  is  nearly  tliat  of  the  mean  of  the 
results  taken  by  nights.  At  those  stations  where  there  was  a  greater  number 
of  nights'  work,  the  numbers  of  observations  of  the  several  nights  do 
greatly  vary,  and  it,  would  be  manifestly  unfair  to  give,  for  the  final  result, 
the  mean  of  the  nights'  results,  unless  less  weight  were  given  to  the  night 
of  few  observations,  and  this  is  [mictically  done  by  taking  the  mean  of  all 
the  results. 

There  have  been  no  results  rejected  by  arbitrary  selection.  At  each 
station,  Peirce's  Criterion  for  the  rejection  of  doubtful  observations  was 
applied  to  the  results,  before  striking  the  iinal  mean.  While  there  is  much 
doubt  of  the  actual  utility  of  the  application  of  such  mathematical  criterion 
when  the  results  are  in  the  hands  of  a  competent  and  judicious  computer, 
it  nevertheless  gives  some  standard  rule  for  computers  to  follow,  and  affords 
means  of  comparing  results  obtained  by  different  observers,  which  would 
not  be  comparable  if  results  were  rejected  at  will.  It  also  dissipates  doubts 
which  might  arise  as  to  the  constant  good  judgment  of  a  computer  in  select- 
ing results  for  rejection,  especially  under  the  pressure  of  necessary  haste  in 
completing  the  computations,  which  always  obtained  in  our  field  work. 


W 


!  ■,!■! 


INST  K  U  M  E  N  T  A  L     CONSTANTS, 


Observations  for  the  value  of  level  divisions  and  micromete'"  tiu'ns  of 
each  zenith  telescope,  were  made  once  or  twice  each  season  that  such  instru- 
ment was  used,  except  that  the  value  obtained  for  the  level  of  zenith 
telescope  No.  20,  in  1873,  Avas  used  in  1874.  The  permanent  marks  used  in 
the  level-value  determinations  were  either  the  crosswires  of  astronomical 
transits  or  transit  theodolites. 

For  value  of  micrometer  turns,  observations  were  made  upon  a  clrcum- 
polar  .star,  usually  Polaris,  near  elongation. 

For  zenith  telescope  No.  20,  those  used  in  1874  depend  upon  three 
series  of  observations:  two  of  Polaris,  and  one  of  B.  A.  C.  No.  240,  made 
at  Fort  13uford. 

I  desired  to  roobserve  for  the  constant  values  of  No.  20,  but  there  were 
no  occasions,  during  the  season  of  1874,  when  such  observations  wovdd 


!,( 


si 

V 


I 


ll 


M  I    tl 


298 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


have  boon  prac'  'cable,  that  the  time  v/os  not  employed  in  latitude  work,  or 
that  I  was  not  too  much  fatigued,  by  such  work,  to  make  the  reHults  of 
value.  It  was  not  considered  of  sufficient  importance  to  justify  a  night'.s 
delay  for  the  purpose,  as  the  latitude  residls  demonstrated,  by  accompany- 
ing results  obtained  from  pairs  of  stars  with  large  and  small  differences  of 
zenith  distances,  that  the  mici-ometor  values  used  were  amply  good. 

No  corrections  for  run  of  micrometer,  or  for  variations  in  the  value  of 
micrometer-turns  for  changes  of  temperature,  have  been  applied,  the  inves- 
tigations of  these  errors  being  considered  more  curious  than  useful  in  their 
relation  to  field-astronomy. 

The  following  synoptical  table  explains  the  general  character  of  the 
latitude-work 

The  results  of  observations  at  all  the  stations  of  1873  and  1874  are 
included  between  the  limits  here  given,  except  those  of  Nos.  3,  7,  and  9, 
which  were  determined  with  the  poor  instrument  (No.  11)  before  described, 
and  which,  though  not  absolutely  bad,  are  not  comparable  with  the  rest  of 
the  work. 


1873. 

1H74. 

o 
•n 

P 
O 
u 

d  - 

S 

D 

a 

03 

i 

c 

c 

o 

1 

■c  c 

•si 
d's 

!i5 

Station     nam- 
ber. 

Greatest  extreme  range  of  rcsnlta  at  auy  stiitioii . . 

Least  extreme  ran);o  of  resnlls  at  any  station 

Greatest  probable  error  of  single  ileterniinatioii  .. 

Least  prol)ablo  error  of  single  determination 

Grentont  probiiblo  error  of  linal  result 

Least  prol»able  error  of  tinal  r*'snlt    ....       . 

II 

■X  4:i 

0. 4.^.7 
0. 3-.>4 
0.  (l.-|(! 
0. 0.37 

C(i 
(iO 

(Hi 

82 

10 

10 

10 
5 

// 
2.  C8 

i.8;t 

0. 3'j;! 

0.  a-i8 

0.049 
0. 0'2U 

T.-i 
(iO 
47 
6i 
47 
6-2 

1 

16 

18 
•JO 
15 
SO 

Number  of  independent  dutenninations  of  latitude  niili  zenith  telescope <  18"'4      '^''0 

Nnmber  of  same  riyected  by  criterion 5  1S71  ! 

No  star  forms  a  compound  of  more  than  one  pair,  and  the  results  show 
that  it  is  better  that  each  pair  should  be  separately  observed;  that  is,  that 
several  pairs  should  not  be  grouped  for  the  same  setting. 

In  the  computations  for  probable  error,  the  residuals  are  the  differences 


ItKPOUT  OF  THE  ClIlIiF  ASTRONOMKU,  APPENDIX  A. 


299 


betwcpii  the  arithmetical  means  of  all  of  tlio  detorminations  and  tlio  indi- 
vidual detei-minations;  \vhich  is  the  method  usually,  but  not  universally, 
adhered  to  in  like  field  work. 


RE8ULT3    AT     BRITISH     STATIONS. 

The  appended  list  of  results  obtained  at  the  British  astronomical  sta- 
tions is  compiled  from  the  record  of  the  British  Commission  furnished  tho 
United  States  Commission.     (See  page  198.) 

The  declinations  of  stars  used  by  the  astronomois  of  the  British  Com- 
mission were  taken  from  the  publications  of  the  Greenwich  Observatory, 
and  tho  individual  results  obtained  were  combined  by  weights. 

RKCONNAISSA  NCE     I'OSITIONS. 

In  the  following  table  are  given  tho  astronomical  positions  of  points 
on  lino  of  march  from  Fort  Buford  to  the  boundary -line  at  Station  No.  1 3. 
The  latitude  of  Fort  Buford  was  determined,  by  myself,  with  zenith  tele- 
scope No.  20.  Tho  large  probable  error  of  final  result  is  accounted  for  by 
the  facts  that  there  were  but  twenty  determinations,  by  observation  of  eleven 
pairs  of  stars,  and  that  tho  declinations  of  tliese  stars  were  from  other 
sources  than  our  own  catalogue,  which  did  not  contain  stars  of  suitable 
declination  for  that  latitude. 

The  other  positions  given  are  from  sextant  observations  by  my  !)  sist- 
ant,  Mr.  Lewis  Boss. 


Positions. 

Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Fort.  Buford  (fliig-staff ) 

47  59     15. 58  4-  0. 192 

48  09     10 
48    08    38 
48    07     58 
48    04    55 
48    16     18 
48    29    37 
48    42    50 
48    44    05 

o       /       // 

103  58    00 

104  54    25.5 

104  .'■j3    4(;.5 

105  O'J     52. 5 
100     00    28.5 
IOC)     35     40.5 
10(i     59     33 
107     04     54 
107     a     45 

liiK  Muildy  River 

Freiicliinau'8  Point  (Missouri  River) 

Poplar  River  (orQnakiiif;  A'li  River) 

Littlo  Porcnpino  Kiver 

liu;;t;v  Creek 

Lake  novd 

Fort  Turnay  (Freuelimau's  Creek) 

I 


'It 

)t> 
I 


S; 

?' 

i 

i 

Wfi'Sit 

it 

i 
i 

300 


UNITi:i)  STATKS  NORTIIKHN  HOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


II  Y  1'  H  ()  M  r.  T  u  •'    A  N  i»    M  i;  r  r.  o  u  o  l  o  (i  v. 


Tho  vertical  oKum'nt  .>!'  rlio  survey  iiloii},'  tlio  boiindury-lino  dopontls 
upon  the  Ijaroiuetric  deteruiiiuitions  of  tho  altitudes  of  astronomicul  camps, 
&c.,  upon  whicli,  as  bases,  are  adjusted  and  closed  tho  vertical  Hurvoys  of 
the  topoffraphical  parties. 

The  iustrunuMits  used  in  this  connection  by  each  astronomical  party 
wore  two  cistern-barometers,  Green,  two  aneroid  barometers,  two  psy- 
(ihromotcrs,  one  nuixiuuim  and  one  minimum  thermometer,  one  black-bulb 
thermometer. 

Those  under  my  care  were  in  constant  use  from  the  Red  River  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  black-bulb  thermometer, 
whicli  was  broken  early  in  tho  first  season  and  never  replaced,  were  safely 
carried  through  all  of  the  vicissitudes  incident  to  two  years'  service  in  the 
field,  a  piece  of  j^ood  fortune  rarely  e([ualed  in  the  histories  of  these  fragile 
iustruinents. 

Tho  practice  at  astronomical  camps  was  to  record  daily  at  7  a.  m.,  2 
p.  m.,  and  !>  p.  m.  the  readings  of  the  barometers,  attached  thermometers, 
and  psychrometer,  the  extra  barometers  being  read  for  the  purpose  of  detect- 
ing any  cliange  of  instrumental  errors  which  might  occur,  and  also  to  afl'ord 
the  means  of  continuing  the  record,  reduced  to  tho  same  zero,  in  case  of 
accident  to  the  standard  barometer. 

General  meteorological  phenomena  were  noted  three  times  daily,  and 
the  maxinunn  and  mininunn  thermometers  were  read  at  7  a.  m.  and  9  p  m. 

'i'he  computations  of  the  altitudes  of  all  stations  have  been  made  by 
comparison  of  daily  nutans  with  the  daily  means  of  synchronous  observa- 
tions made  at  a  permanent  station. 

For  the  season  of  IST.'i  the  permanent  station  was  Fort  Pembina,  Dak., 
where  the  record  was  kept  by  an  observer  emi)loyed  by  the  Conmiission. 

For  season  of  1874  comparison  was  made  with  the  record  of  the  United 
States  Signal-Service  station  at  Fort  Benton,  Montana,  a  copy  of  which,  for 
tho  time  of  our  field-service,  was  furnished,  upon  application,  by  the  (Jliief 
Signal-Ofiicer  of  the  Army. 

The  formula;  and  tables  employed  in  the  reduction  may  be  Ibund  in 


RKI'OllT  OF  THK  ClUDV  ASTIJONOMRH,  ArPKNDIX  A. 


noi 


WilliuniHon's  treiitiso  on  the  "  Um«  of  tho  Uaroinetor,  &c.",  IVofosHional 
I'iipcrs  Corps  of  Kiifr'mecrs,  No.  1/3,  and  "  aro  tlioso  of  I'lantaiuour  (Giiyot's 
tables  I),  7"J-7!I),  rcarraiififod  aii<l  atla]>tod  to  English  nicasiwcs." 

Tlio  rodiu'tions  liavo  Im'dh  mado  by  daily  means,  and  each  result  thus 
(d)tainod  given  equal  weight  in  tin?  final  result.  In  those  cases  where,  for 
luck  of  a  srilicient  luunber  of  daily  means,  single  observations  have  been 
admitted,  much  les.s  weight  than  that  given  a  daily  moan  has  been  accorded 
them — generally  about  one-(iuarter. 

No  corrections  for  ulmormal  and  horary  oscillations  of  the  weight  of 
the  atmosphere  have  been  applied,  as  we  had  no  sulliciently-extended  series 
of  ob.servations  made  under  circumstances  favorable  for  tho  jjurjjose  of 
deducing  these  corrections.  Tlio  only  hourly  series  attempted  was  recorded 
at  Captain  Twining's  camp,  at  Wood  End  Depot,  September  2li  to  30,  187.'5, 
and  that  time  was,  unfortunately,  the  period  of  the  severe  equinoctial  storm 
<tf  that  year. 

The  great  horizontal  distances  between  barometers  compared  intro- 
duces an  element  of  uncertainty  in  the  results,  on  account  of  tho  different 
local  conditions  to  which  tho  two  instruments  may  be  subject  at  (^orresjKnid- 
ing  times  of  observaticms.  This  soiuvo  of  error  wftuld  bo  practically  elim- 
inated in  ca.se8  of  long-extended  series  of  observations,  because  abnormal 
residts  would  be  indicated  by  comparison  with  a  large  uund)er  of  results, 
and  might  bo  rejected,  or,  if  admitted,  they  would  luive  little  weight  in  the 
general  result,  by  reason  (»f  comparativi-ly  small  numbers. 

This  condition  obtained  at  few  of  our  stations,  as,  in  tho  majority  of 
cases,  tho  determinations  depen:!  qion  a  small  nundjor  of  daily  means,  and 
necessarily  so,  because  the  time  allowed  for  barometric  observation  at  any 
station  was  strictly  limited  to  that  required  for  tho  purpose  of  astronomical 
observation. 


fii 


t  :! 


i 


1 1 


I', 


302 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


The  barometric  heights  of  the  eiglit  fistroiiomical  stations  of  1874  have 
been  reduced  by  comparison  with  three  Signal-Service  statioKS.  The  results 
are  given  in  the  following  table: — 


station. 

< 

> 

< 

- 
c  § 

< 

Locality  of  station. 

No.  i:i 

.No.  14 

No.  ir. 

No.  ii; 

No.  17 

No.  l" 

No.  I!) 

No.  -JO 

Int. 
•-',  (I'.M 
•i,  ■■l\(\ 

" .  '.i;!7 

•.  ,  KH 

; ',  Cfii 
:  .-,-.4 
3,  J6(j 

1(10 

I4'.l 
1,11  111 

.rJ7 
I.IMI 
1,53a 

l-'ni. 

:i,-Joi 
:i,  o:!;i 
;!,'-' ;o 
;!,  i(M 

i,i;4i 

1,7-J6 

IWI. 

•>,  ^>\ 
:),(i:i(i 

•-',  7-'7 
•J,7]'.l 
3,(1-.-. 
3,414 
4,  343 
4,  375 

Fiel. 

y,  Hi;ti 
a,  1I4'.' 

•J,  770 
■J,  f'-'3 
3, 7-.'3 
3,.^01 
4,315 
4,--'I3 

Irtt. 

a,  .-:w 

3, 01!t 
'-',818 
•-',  f>93 
3, 7!I5 
3,  17.-. 
4,417 
4,331 

rreiii'liiiinii's  Civek,  west  bank. 

Pool  on  jirairie. 

KiiM  i-oik  Milk  River. 

Milk  HiviT  lakes. 

Kast  linttc  S .vi'cturass  Hills. 

K'od  UiviT,  \v,»t  bank. 

Noitli  Folk  Milk  lilver. 

Cliief  Mountain  Lake. 

Feet. 

Fort  Pembina  abin I'., i'l 760 

Clieycnno  iibovesea 0,058 

Fort  Jl"nton  above  sea '2, 674 

The  results  obtained  by  reference  to  Fort  Benton  are  those  accepted 
for  the  altitudes  of  these  stations,  and  are  considered  the  most  reliable, 
becau-'^  the  horizontal  distances  between  .  'tious  compared  are  much  less 
than  ill  the  other  cases,  and  the  general  cliinutic  and  local  conditions  more 
nearly  similar. 

Apppended  is  a  table  giving  the  altitudes  of  thirty-two  positions,  on  or 
neai  tho  boundary-line,  Avith  verbal  description  of  location,  latitude,  and 
longitude,  and  height  above  station  of  comparison  and  above  the  sea. 

Also,  record  of  each  station,  and  of  station  of  comparison,  and  the  work 
of  red'iction. 

The  records  at  stations  Nos.  2,  4,  G,  8,  Wood  End  Depot,  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  and  Northwest  Angle  were  made  under  the  sujiervision  of  Ca])tain 
Twining;  those  at  Nos.  2,  ;],  and  4,  (Hist,  iiiidor  tlie  supervision  of  Lieu- 
tenant Greene,  and  at  the  rest  of  die  stations  under  my  own  sujiervision, 
exf^ept  at  the  British  depot,  Sweetgras;  Hills,  where  a  semi-daily  record  of 
an  aneroid  barometer  was  ke[tt  di'.ilrg  the  niontli  of  August,  1874,  and  a 
transcript  of  it  forwarded  to  mo  by  the  Chief  Astronomer  of  the  Briti.sh 
Commission. 


KEl'ORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTEONOMER,  APPENDIX  A.  303 


THE    NORTHWEST   ANGLE,    LAKE    OF   THE    WOODS. 

By  this  title  is  poi)uliirly  and  generally  designated  the  arm  or  bay 
of  the  Lake  of  ilie  Woods,  at  Avhose  northwestern  extremity  is  the  point 
d«^eided,  by  the  Joint  Commissioners  appointed  to  carry  into  eflect  the  7th 
Article  of  the  Treaty  of  Gho^t,  to  be  th'  most  northwestern  point  of  the 
Like  of  the  Woods.  To  the  locality  especial  interest  attaches,  from  the 
fact  that  the  most  northwestern  point  mentioned  is  the  initial  point  of  the 
boundary-line  which  it  was  our  work  to  determine,  and  because  a  portion 
of  the  American  waters  of  the  bay,  uid  of  one  of  the  streams  emi)tying 
into  it,  forh.  a  part  of  the  Dominion  0  .vernment  route  of  travel  and  trans- 
portation trom  Lake  Superior  to  Winnijjeg,  Manitoba. 

In  order  to  arrive  at  a  dear  understanding  of  the  pnrpose  and  methods 
pursued  in  the  work  at  the  Northwest  Angle,  I  quote  the  following  from 
the  declaration  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  establish  the  boundary- 
line  under  the  7th  Article  of  the  Treaty  of  Ghent: — 

Section  10.  Ixcsuhnt,  Tliiit  tlu'  I'dllDuint,' ('I'scribiMl  lino  (also  rei)i(\soiitPd  on  said 
maps  as  bclbie  iiii'iitioiii'd)  is,  in  the  opinion  ot  tlif  Coinniissioncis,  so  lar  as  tlic  saino 
t'xtciids,  tlic  true  Ilonndaiy  inti-ndcd  hy  the  liel'oic  mentioned  Treaties: — yaraely, 
*  •  *  •  •  thence  tlirounli  llie  middle  ot  tbo  waters  of  tliis  liay  to  flie  Xortiiwest 
extremity  of  the  same,  being  the  most  ^^)^th\vestel  ii  point  of  t  le  Lake  of  i!o  Woods, 
and  liom  a  monument  eieeted  in  this  Bay,  on  the  neaie.st  linn  ground  to  tie  above 
NiM'tliwest  extremity  of  m\-\  'iay,  li.e  courses  and  distanees  aiv  as  follows:  vi?,  1st,  N., 
rMo  \y.  ir.d.jj  feet.  2d,  N.  (JO  W.  ,S(iU  feet.  M.  N.  L'8o  W.  Oir.4  feet.  4th,  N.  27=  10' 
W.  40J.t  feet,  oth,  X.  jO  10'  K.  i;;2l.'i  feet,  (ith,  N.  7°  4."/  W.  4!):!  leei  The  variation 
being  12°  East.  The  termination  of  this  Oth  or  last  course  and  distance  being  the 
•above  said  most  Northwestern  Point  of  the  L:\ko  cf  the  Woods,  as  designated  by  the 
7tU  Article  of  the  Treaty  of  (ihent,  and  being  in  Laiitude  Eortyiiine  degrees,  twenty- 
.,  ."1  minutes.  :"id  tiltyfive  seconds  North  of  the  E(iuator,  and  in  longitude  Xiuety- 
w:  degree.",  fou.n  'U  minutes,  and  thirty-eight  seconds,  west  from  the  ob.sorvatory  at 
Greenwich 

'l\>  discover  and  re-establish  this  "most  Northwestern  point,"  and  to 
trace,  thence,  the  ineridia;.  l)oundary-line,  and  to  make  such  surveys  at  the 
Northwest  Angle  as  should  be  necessaiy,  1  was  directed  by  Maj.  F.  U. 
Farquhar,  then  Chief  Astronomer  of  the  Commission,  to  accompany  him  to 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  with  a  ])ortion  of  my  topographical  \r.\vtx,  and  such 
instriunents,  rations,  camp-eqiiipage,  &c.,  as  would  be  needed  for  a  month's 
work. 


'    1 


i 


il 


I 


ii! 


.1, 


i 


i< 


1 1 


i  •  J I 


ill   il 


304 


TTNFTEn  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  (COMMISSION. 


El'   ■ 


Wc  accordingly  broke  camp  on  the  Ix-undiiry-Iiiie,  nciar  the  Red  River, 
on  the  morning  oi'  the  1st  of  October,  1H72,  nuirclied  to  Winnipeg,  Miini- 
tobn,  in  throe  und  one-lialf  days,  distance  sixty-eight  miles,  crossed  the  Red 
Jiiv(^r,  and  went  into  camp  at   Saint   IJonifju'c,  op[)owit(^  Winnipeg,  on  the 


eveninji:  of  October  4.     lireakinji- cami)  next 


niorinnir,  we  man 


hed 


ov(!r 


th 


('anadlan  Clovernment  road,  known  as  the  "Dawson  road,"  to  the  North- 
west Angle,  arriving  then;  upon  the  (^vei)ing  of  Octolxn'  9,  the  distance 
from  Saint  IJonitacc;  bt/nig  one  hinidrc:d  and  ten  miles. 

Wc  were  associated  in  the  work  at  the  Angle  with  (!apt.  Sannn-l 
Anderson,  Koyal  ]Cngineers,  Cliief  Astronomer  of  iIk!  liritish  ('ommission, 
-\ho,  with  his  det.iclmient  of  I'.nglish  sappers,  arrived  the  same  evcuiing. 
We  were  also  accompanied  to  the  ,\ngle  liy  ('apt.  W.  ,).  'I'wining,  llnile<l 
States   Kngineers,  and   Lieut.  W,  .1.  ( lalwi'y,  Royal    Engineers,  who,  with 


tl 


leir  astrvinonucal  ))arties,  wei'c'  oi 


their  way  t(»  (h'termine  the  4!(tli  ijaralhd 


tl 


on  the  w 


est  slion;  of  the  i<ake  of  the  Woods. 


'I'll 


e  country  m  the  \  icnu 


it\'  of  the  Northwest  A\\'x\ 


e  IS  low  and  swaini) 


'py. 


and  coxcrcd  witn   a,  i 


th 


dense  growth  oi"  coniferous  trees,  mostl}'   tamaracks; 


the  higher  ridges,  which  Iiowcnci-  arc  of  sligiit  elevation,  are  coverei 


I  with 


groves  ol  poplar 


)1;: 


\'ast  tracts  of  thi;  country  have  been  ravawd  by  f 


y  iorest 


lires,  leaving  tlie  burnt  poi'tioiis  impassable  by  reason  ol'  the  dead-fall.     The 
trees  are  mostly  small;   lew  iia\ing  a  diametei'  of  trunk,  at  l)ase,  of  more 


han  six  or  ei'iht  inches,  althoii';' 


rh  1 


secured  one  dea<l  iiiiir  of  about  twent\' 


SIX  luclies  ( 


ianutei-  at   four  feet  al)o\e  the 


1 
rroiiiul,  (lie  trunk  of  which  w 


IS 


cut  into  sections  ei<rlit  I'ect  Ion 


and  used   for  observiiiir-posts. 


Tl 


le  soil    IS 


db 


iciicrallN'  sail 


dw  covered  in  most  places  with  a  considerable  dejith  of  vege- 


tal)! 


e  nioiii 


the  lirsr  c 


both 


'V])v.  [loiiit  of  land  iiiclndcd  between  tiie  northwest  arm  of  tin;  lake  and 
oiisiderable  stream  em|)t\ing  into  it  (see  aci'ompanyiiig   map),  on 


■1(1. 


if  llie  meridian  boiindarx -liii 


at  times  occii|)ied    l)\'  coiisldi 


al 


)le  nuniUers  o 


f  Ojil 


)wav  Indians,  who  come  there  aiinuallv  tii  recei\e  their 


annuities  from  the  (Canadian  ( >o\eriiment,  to  lish,  to  trade  ai  .le  adjacent 
Hudson's  Ray  Oompany's  store,  mid  to  adjii-^l,  among  themselves,  the  prop- 
erty ac(jui  I'd,  by  \arious  methods  ol  gambling. 

TIm    point  marked  "  Dock"  on  the  map  was  the  lermiuiis  of  tli(;  Daw- 


UKFOItT  OF  TIIK  CIIIEK  ASTHONOMKH,  AIMMiNDIX  A. 


305 


Hon  road,  and  the  landing'-jilace  of  tlic  Citiiadiiiii  Oovcrnniont  Loafs  at  the 
tiuio  of  our  visit  to  iiw  Anglo  in  1872.  At  tlie  present  tinio,  IHV5,  the 
tt'iTiiinus  of  said  road,  tho  goveninient  buildings,  and  the  Iludsons  Bay 
('onii)any's  store  are  lotale<l  on  Ikitish  tcnitctry,  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
same  creek,  and  adjacent  to  the  meridian  l)oiin(lary-line. 

We  found  at  the  Angle;  the  ;  amj)  of  a  surveying-party  of  the  British 
Commission,  in  cliarge  of  Colonel  I'birest,  who  w<ae  engaged  in  making  a 
survey  of  the  entire  northwest  arm  of  the  lake,  wliich  was  afterward  con- 
tinu('d  along  the  west  shore  of  the  lake  to  the  -I'Jth  j)arallel.  Colonel  For- 
rest, jit  various  times  before  our  arrival,  had  sought  to  disccner  some  .race 
of  th»;  reference  monument  before  alluded  to,  but  his  search  luid  beei  in 
vain.  lie  had  sought  inl'onnatiou  as  to  its  location  from  the  Indians  in  the 
vicinity,  and  elicited  to  the  etl'ect  that  some  of  them  renuanbered  the  \isit 
of  the  party  which  erect(Ml  it,  in  October,  182-1,  and  that  but  few  years  had 
elapsed  si:ic<!  its  total  disap|)earaiice.  I'hcy  ho^\(^^■er  refiiscul  to  ])oint  out 
the  locality,  which  the}'  claimol  to  kimw,  except  upoi  iiaymeut  of  extrav- 
agant rewards  to  themstdves  and  their  tribe.  After  several  pow-wows  with 
them,  Colon<;l  I'^urrest,  discrediting  tlutir  statements,  had  given  up  lioj)es  of 
discovering  anything  from  them,  and  refused  to  treat  further  with  them. 
Colo'iel  Forrest  stated  to  me  that  souu;  Indians  had  Itrought  to  his  cjunp  a 
portion  of  an  oaken  log,  charred  and  much  decayed,  which  they  axcrred 
was  a  portion  of  the  center  j)ost  of  the  old  monnment.  As  befori^,  thi-y 
iefiis(;d  to  say  where  ihey  had  gotten  it,  nuless  their  ]trepi»ster(ius  demands 
wen;  (toni])lied  with,  and  carried  it  away  with  them  when  they  found  tluiy 
were  not  to  obtain  the  compensation  sought. 

It  is  not  necessary  lo  se(fk  far  for  nsasoiis  nliiiih  woulil  explain  the 
disappearance,  in  tint  course  of  Ibrty-eight  year  .la.  wooden  post  sur- 
rounded by  a  crib-work  of  logs. 

First,  it  was  in  a  locality  lVe(|nent!y  visited  by  Indians,  whose  habits 
of  wanton  dc^struction  are  well  known;  seiund,  the  locidily  in  (piestion  has 
been  ravaged  by  lores!  liics;  third,  uiitnral  deciiy,  which  was  hastened  by 
the  fact,  as  will  lu^reafter  appear,  of  its  being  mncli  in  the  water.  W((  had 
as  data  for  our  search  the  mnp  (»f  the  Conunissinners  <if  ISiif),  on  which  were 
marked  the  positions  of  the  lei'erence  monument,  the  "  mo.sr  northwestern 


!     i 


m 


m 


30G 


UNITED  STATKS  NORTHERN  HOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


point,"  and  tlie  place  wh(3re  the  astronomical  observations  were  made.  Wo 
had  given,  also,  the  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  most  northwestern  point, 
and  the  courses  and  distances  connecting  this  point  with  tiie  reference 
monument. 

I'he  odit^ial  iniij)  was,  however,  drawn  to  so  small  a  scale  (^two  inches 
to  one  mile),  that  details  of  localities,  such  as  the  most  northwestern  point, 
&c.,  were  not  recognizable;  but  the  points  of  land  marked  "monument" 
and  "observatory"  were  distinguished,  and  in  tb.o  vicinity  of  the  fonru^r 
point  thorough  search  was  madts  foi'  some  trace  of  the  monument  by  Major 
Fanpdiar,  (!aptain  Anderson,  and  myself,  assisted  by  the  men  of  our  re- 
spective j)arties.  Tliis  [)roviiig  unsuccessful,  it  became  necessary  fo  awiiit 
the  ccmipletion  of  Colonel  Forrest's  detailed  survey.  Dining  tiiis  interval 
I  verified  this  .sinvcy  liy  independent  observations  for  Jizinuitli  and  by 
rerumiing  the;  transit  lines  upon  the  northeastern  sluvre  of  the  bay,  and 
resurveying  in  vicinity  of  llic  point  of  land  marked  "ob.servatory''  on  the 
official  map.  Separate  plats  having  b<!en  made  and  found  in  agntenK^nt, 
several  points  in  latitude  11)''  23'  55"  (ollicial  latitude  of  most  northwestern 
point)  were  platted  from  latitudes  obtained  by  s.-xtant-oliservations,  and 
fr(»m  them  wore  platt(Ml  the  official  courses  and  distances  to  the  reference- 
monument.  Failing  to  ol)tain  by  this  means  any  trace  of  the  exact  site  of 
the  monument,  as  was  su])poscd  fin  account  of  tlx^  probal)l(^  discrejtancy 
which  woidil  rea.sonably  exist  between  the  official  latitude  and  the  latitude 
derived  from  our  observations,  and  as  the  joint  conmiissionfjrs  who  weri;  to 
follow  us  from  tlie  Red  Uivor  had  not  yet  arrived,  jiFajor  Far!(uhar  directed 
me  to  sele(^t  a,  point  on  tiu!  tongu<^  of  land  on  wliich  we  snp|>osed  should  be 
the  most  nortiiwcst  |M»int,  to  erect  th<!re  a  station,  Hi;!k<!  azimuth-observa- 
tions, and  licgin  the  cutting  of  the  due-sr»nth  line.  'Die  siation,  |iynimidal, 
with  twenty-foot  center  ]»i)st,  was  erecteil,  and  the  eiilting  begun,  l>nt  snd- 
ihiul}'  aliandoned  for  cause,  as  will  appear. 

Mr.  .Iami;s  ISl  Kay,  then  mcnnber  of  i'ariiamcn!  of  the;  province!  of 
Manitoba,  and  manager  tor  the  Dominion  g(jvernment  ol'  the  "havvson 
I'oute,"  arrived  at  tin;  XortliW(;st  Angh'  and  b<'came  at  onc(!  inten  .-,t(fd  in 
the  sean^h  lor  the  \i>-^\  moiinment-site.  Mr.  .M(Ka\  is  (tf  irii.xed  descent, 
ami  sneaks  with  flneiic\  the  language  of  the  ()jiii\va\s,  ha\iiig  spc^nt  a  large 


KS'lI'Oirr  ()(■  TIIK  (;/llKK  aHTRONOMK)},  AI'I'KNDIX  a. 


;!(>7 


jjortion  ol' hi-  lil'c  uuiniig-  tiuau.  On  il:is  a/'comit,  ;in(l  Ixciiiiso  tii' liis  olTirial 
position  and  strong  pcrHousilitv ,  lu;  lias  inuclj  iidliH'Uci;  with  tiio  ludians, 
iiiid  ol)taiiK'd  one  of  llic;  .tld  chiof'H,  who  s;;id  In;  kri(  w  tli(  pl.ict!  wliorc  tim 
nioiniiiicnt  liail  l»i'(.ii,  to  '^q  witli  li.  n  uwA  point  it  out  Accoidinyly  iIk; 
fiuliun,  iK'coiiipanied  by  Mr.  McKay,  M;iji>r  I'anjnliiii,  and  Captain  And(!i- 
,son,  wtMit  ill  a  canoe  to  the  |)oi;!l  oi'  land  wliicli  we  liad  sca)Tli('d  o\cr  so 
many  limes,  and  directed  attention  to  a  place,  diiectly  ^ilV  the  point,  among 
the  rushes  whi(!h  (!\erywhei'e  fringe  tlie  nhon ,  iind  in  iiljout  two  and  a  half 
feet  oi  water,  wliich  ho  said  he  knew  to  he  the  place  whenj  the  inoiiiinKiit 
had  iieen. 

Hy  wading,  Major  Fanpihar  discovered  wiiat  were  to  him  and  llu'st) 
accon'])anyIng  hiin  satisfactor}'  e\i(hMices  tliat  this  was  ind<!cd  the  inoiiii- 
ment-sit.;,  and  es])ecial!y  as  the  ilesc,rij>tions  h(;retofore  given  ))rov(,(l  that 
it  must  liave  been  in  this  inuiKMliate  vicinity.  Tliere  W(!re  dcjiressions 
^vlu•V(;  ])ortions  of  two  logs  had  e\!(lenll\  lain  at  riyht  angles  with  each 
otliiiT,  aiMi,  in  the  iiiclinhd  aeglr,  a  cavity  such  as  would  have  been  left  liy 


th(!  i'enio\al  o 


f  a  1 


oiT,  ami  wlieiice 


had 


)ro 


bal 


)l\'  lieeii 


taken  the 


ueloll! 


mentioned  as  havni: 


'•  oeen 


hi'oii''lit  to  Colonel  i'one.st's  ca 


mil. 


Till!  Indians  said  that  the  water-siirf; 


ICC    v. 


at  the  time 


our  visit  to 


the  Anghi,  (tight   feet  higher   than   it  was  .n    tin    time  the   moiiumrnt    \\a- 
erected,   and  tliis  stateuK  nt    was  partially   siibsi  iiitiat(  d   1 


IS 


wit 


thin   the   knowlediii;  of  *he  .vhiti' iieoi'le  li\iii;r  at    t 


An- 


act    liiat 


e,  liiere    lllid 


Ijeeii  no  season  in  which  the  water  iiad  ': 
With    th 


Til   :•!,   lilM-li.   in    IliC 


.f  ll 


(    \(ar. 


'•  ^sater  e\(  n   jniir  feet  hjwor,  this  sili 
dd 


.1    I 


(:  \\(/alit    li.'i\  I    hceli  on 


lirm 


gmuinl,    as  such  term  woulil  o(;  iinderstoou  in  a  rniiiiti\    low  ami  swamp 
like  that  in   the  vicinity  (if  tlie  Angle,  and,  n 


ior<-.i\(i-    111   a    Iliac/!  v(!r\'  inii 


V(;iiient  for  jnaking  tlie  ne"(!ssary  conm-clions  will 
Hervatory,"  and  with  the  ''most  iinithwc'stern  pi.iiit 


I' 
I  ilic   jiuin 


t  mark<'d  '"ob 


W. 


nao   o"cn    mis 


h(l   b\-  lh>-  statement  .il   ti 


i(!  cdiiiim.isioner.s,  that    it 


Avas  "i'v  im.iiuii  flit  errcti  d   in  tiiis  \h\  ,  on  the  ii(;arest  tirni  v.rouml   to  tl 


•aim) 


\*    northwest   eMr«',iiii  v  oi   san 


y 


li> 


t\."  which   iiidiic(;d   ns  ti>  ceiisianllv 


,'«<Mi|>' 


h  too  far  inland,  where,  |<,«  the  northeast  of  the  point  iimler   lis  iis.sion, 
ml  nearer  !•>  the  imtsl  nuriinvostorn  point,  we  had  tbund  a  led"*;  of  urunitie, 


IN 


M 


■1  !l,. 


n 


t  Ul 


11 

ill 


mi 


308 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


The  occupation  of  this  rock,  however,  would  have  involved  'he  sur- 
veyors in  a  large  amoruit  of  heavy  timber  cutting,  which  was  prooably,  at 
that  time,  not  practicable. 

l^o  sum  up  the  evidence  that  tiio  point  under  consideration  ia  the  site 
of  the  original  reference  monument,  we  find  the  following: 

It  is  in  correct  position,  according  to  the  offioial  map  of  the  commis- 
sioners, as  nearly  as  can  be  selected  on  a  map  whose  scale  is  two  inches  to 
one  mile. 

The  same  is  true  for  the  most  northwestern  point,  when  connected  with 
this  position  by  the  oilicial  bearings  and  distances. 

It  was  pointed  out  by  an  Ojibway  chief,  and  recognized  by  otlier  In- 
dians, all  of  whom  averred  that  they  remembered  the  visit,  to  the  Angle,  of 
the  party  that  erected  the  niommient,  which  they  had  frequently  seen  in 
after  years. 

The  official  latitude  of  the  most  northwestern  point,  before  quoted, 
differs  from  that  obtained  by  Captain  Andor.son,  with  the  zenith  telescope, 
of  the  same  point  (accepting  this  site  as  correct)  by  only  4". 7;  a  verj^  close 
agreement,  when  wo  consider  that  the  original  latitude  was  determined  by 
sun  observations,  with  a  sextant. 

It  was  in  a  prominent  and  convenient  position  for  connecting  with  the 
point  marked  "observatory,"  and  with  the  most  northwestern  point,  involv- 
ing v;*.'  tnnber  cutting. 

Uoutirmatory  evidence  in  the  shape  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Barclay,  Com- 
missioner of  the  Commission  of  1824,  who  describes  the  original  monument 
us  having  l)een  an  oaken  center  post,  surrounded  by  a  crib-work  of  logs 
seven  feet  square. 

This  coincides  with  the  description,  given  by  the  Indians,  of  the  mon- 
ument, and  accounts  for  the  relative  positions  of  the  de])rossions  di.scovered 
by  .Major  Farquhar.  As  the  evidence  that  the  traces  found  were  those  of 
the  remains  of  the  old  monument  was  considered  satisfactory,  the  site  was 
accepted  by  tlio  Chief  Astronomers  of  the  Joint  Commission,  and  a  station 
there  erected  wa^  connectcil  witii  the  (hie  s*^uth  line  tlm->iigh  the  Northwest 
Point,  and  Avith  the  astronomical  station',  by  means  (■<  a  triangle  whose 
base-line,  u))on  th(!   opposite   shore  of  the    l)ay,  was  tln-ee  rime-^  earefnlly 


■ 


f-  '       I 


A 


:!i- 


1 


.,1-1 


>         k 


ft 


'I-     '^   ■i;i"in:i;     >  *' 


i>'<    »<•■) 


V    V.  -.  ■■>      !:,,•,  . 


; ill  'I,' 


I     ..  ..ri;.» 

?     ■  ,  • 


;i!       •• 


.  ■',   \ 


I'  I 


,1    ■<,    .<' 


Ws: 


1 J  ■■ 


'M 


It  ;!.< 


1  \i 


,\\i 


mP 


''  'Mr- 


■         '{I    ! 

Mr 


I ' 


,  J  r',  VFK 


■;( 


l'i< 


iiiili 


'ii 


i 


'I 


•I  i'u 


1l 

i  } 

e 


l{i:i'()I!T  OF  TlIK  CHIEF  ASTKONOMEK,  APPENDIX  A. 


509 


nioiiHiircMl.  TIic  coiTcctinn  to  the  measured  angles  is  all  applied  to  tlio 
Hiiylo  at  tlio  niomimout,  because  that  angle  was  measured  with  a  six-inch 
Negus  theodolite,  with  verniers,  whose  least  count  was  thirty  seconds,  and 
the  angles  at  tlic^  base-stations  were  measured  by  careful  repetitions,  with 
an  eight-inch  Wiirdemann  transit,  with  verniers  reading  to  ten  seconds. 

It  was  agreed  between  the  Chief  Astronomers  of  the  British  and  United 
States  Conmussion,  that  the  due  south  line  should  be  laid  off  jointly. 

Observations  for  azimuth  of  the  base-line  were  made  by  (Japtain 
Anderson,  upon  Polaris  near  elongation,  and  by  myself,  upon  Polaris  at 
greatest  eastern  and  western  elongations.  My  observations  at  West  Base, 
October  18,  on  Polaris  at  eastern  elongation,  gave  for  azimuth  of  base-line 
110°  03'  14".l,  and  at  East  Base,  October  19,  at  western  elongation  of 
Polaris,  ll'J°  03'  19".2.  The  azinuith  adopted  by  the  Chief  Astronomers  of 
the  Joint  Commission,  after  a  comparison  of  results,  was  119°  03'  10".0.  1 
then  planted  v.  post  upon  the  base-line,  at  a  measured  distance  from  West 
Base  of  138'.4,  being  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  due  south  line  through 
Northwest  Point  with  the  base-line  (obtained  as  in  the  following  pages),  and 
measured,  by  careful  repetitions,  with  the  eight-inch  Wiirdemann  transit, 
tlie  angle  between  the  base-line  and  the  due  south  line.  At  a  distance 
south  from  this  post  of  about  a  half  mile,  another  jiost  similar  to  it  was 
planted;  the  two  giving  the  direction  of  the  meridian  boundary-line.  As 
it  was  now  late  in  the  season,  and  we  were  not  prepared  for  winter  work,  I 
left  the  Angle  on  the  31st  of  October,  by  Major  Farquhar's  order,  and 
arrived  at  Fort  Pembina  on  the  7th  of  November. 

The  work  of  cutting  through  the  timbered  swamps,  on  the  due  south 
line,  to  the  shore  line  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  was  intrusted  to  the 
supervision  of  the  British  parties,  and  was  accomplished  in  1872.  The 
permanent  iron  pillars  marking  this  line,  were  placed  in  the  fall  of  1874. 

In  the  autumn  of  187"),  being  then  <Migaged  in  jjlacing  the  permanent 
iron  pillars  on  the  49th  parallel,  I,  by  direction  of  the  Cliief  Astronomer, 
visited  the  Northwest  Angle,  and  verified,  by  observation,  the  correctness 
of  the  positions  of  the  three  iron  pillars  nearest  the  Northwest  Point,  and 
the  direction  of  the  cutting  to  the  south.     I  found  portions  of  the  various 


Ml 


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IMAGE  €VALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0    HfKilii 

^^=     ^  Ui   12.2 


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6"     

► 

Hiotografiiic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRf  i  I 

WEBSTH.N.Y.  .ISO 

(716)  •73-4503 


^ 


4^ 


310 


UNITED  STATES  NOttTHERN   BOUNDAKY  COMMISSION, 


wooden  posts  located  at  the  Angle  in  1872,  still  standing;  but  they  will 
soon  hav9  disappeared,  as  the  squaws  chop  their  kindling-wood  from  them. 

The  Dominion  Government  has  erected  several  buildings,  warehouses, 
stage-station,  &c.,  on  British  territory,  immediately  adjoining  the  boundary- 
line.  The  present  steamboat-dock,  and  the  terminus  of  the  Dawson  road 
are  near  the  buildings. 

The  government  boats  are,  however,  still  obliged  to  pass  through  nearly 
a  mile  of  American  waters,  to  reach  their  dock  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Dawson  road. 

Appended,  are  the  computations  of  the  surveys,  connecting  the  refer- 
ence-monument with  the  due  bouth  line  through  the  Northwest  Point,  and 
the  Northwest  Point  with  the  astronomical  station.  Also,  a  map  of  the 
Northwest  Angle,  upon  which  are  marked  all  of  the  points  hereinbefore 
discussed. 

Compulations  of  survey*. 


Stations. 

MciiHiirvd 
aiigleg. 

Correc- 
tions. 

Corrwtwl 
ant;leH. 

Azimnth  and 
lungtb   of 
base-linn. 

Wtst-liaM 

Euxt-llllHU 

Moiiuiiiuiit 

O           /              II 

'.Hi   r.;i    IS. .. 
■Hi   OH   :i;i.(i 
:h!  m  ao.0 

0.0 
0.0 

-r..9 

O         t             II 

90    .^:i     Vi.A 

40   m   :i:i.  o 
:io  :m   ii.  i 

119^  03'  10" 
2.m.0fL.et. 

i 


loK  iitUl.O  3. 3400444 

log  sin,  wnst-boae      9.  OOtiH.^Vi 

A.  C.  log  sin,  mon't  0.  '2'20h>hj<> 

3.  rAi^.'woe 


3. 3400424 

log  Bin,  I'ast'ltase       9.  K'>79758 

A.  C.  log  sill,  nion'o  0.  '^208290 


M.  -  E.  B.  3,610.8  W.  B.  -  M. 

WfHt-baHt)  —  BOMt-bnm',  8  00°  50'  50"  j  K.  2,191.0  f.«t. 
log  dist.         3. 3400424  3. 3400424 


3. 4194472 

2,026.9 


log  cos  az.     9. 0802923 
3. 02(59340 


log  sin  az.     9.9415!)73 
3.2822397 


8.  1,064.0  K.  I,ai.'>.3 

Monument  — MiKt-boHO,  8.  22°  09"  fi7".7  ;  W.  2,620.9  foet. 


log  dist.         3.4194472 
log  COB  ac     0.900G&.'>3 

3. 3801025 

8.  2,432.8 


3.4194473 
log  sin  BZ.     9.  .'>700773 

3. 9901245 
W.  990.8 


llErOUT  OF  TUE  CUIBF  ABTIIONOMEK,  APl'ENDIX  B. 


311 


The  courses  and  distances  frcm  the  reference-monument  to  the  "most 
Northwestern  point,"  as  established  by  the  Commissioners,  under  the  seventh 
article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  are  as  follows: — 


l»t,  N.   50°  W 1  ,rifi5i  foot. 

8il,    N.     f>°W Wilifeet. 

3d,   N.  'Ja°  W Cir>.4  fe«t 


41b,  N.  27°  10' W 405.4  feet 

r.th,  N.     6°  lO"  E 1,38-2*  feet. 

0th,  N.     7°  45'  W 493  feet. 


The  variation  being  12°  east. 

These  courses  and  distances  give,  with  true  bearings,  the  following 
results  for  latitude  and  departure: — 

Northing. 


Koating.        Westing. 


1126.1 


Ki&M 


b91.6 


47«.  1 


136:<.U 


491.  C 


3. 194C5:U 
9.  a''>fl9J41 

Ist  cuuntt. 
Illg  cot). 

2<i  oounio. 
lug  COS. 

3<l  coarse, 
log  COS. 

4th  course. 

lug  COS. 

r>tb  course, 
lug  COS. 

Ctb  coarse. 

log  COS. 

log  dbt. 
44»,logsin 

lug  tlUt. 
(!0,  log  sin. 

log  (IJHt. 

l(P,  log  sin 

log  flint. 

15°  10',  log  Hii 

log  (list. 

17^  10',  log  hIi 

log  dist. 

4°  15',  log  sill 

Total  wei 
West-bas 

:<.  1946531 
9.8417713 

90.1 

390.3 

30.5 
510.9 

mun't. 

3.0515872 

a.u352rM:» 

9.997til43 

3.0364244 
2.935255:1 
9.0192346 

1087.5 

2.9328090 
2.7891575 
9.9828410 

1.9544899 
2.7891575 
9. 4403381 

2.7719991 

2.0949500 

9. 9d40o:i:t 

2.229495«> 

2. 1)949500 

19.4170837 

160.6 

2.0795593 
3. 12139.-.7 
9. 9802081 

:i.  1010038 
2.0928409 
9.9988041 

8.1126.197 

3. 12I.mi7 

1 9. 4700401 

2.5914418 
2. 6928409 
8.8098080 

ISO.O 

2.0910510 

1.5027149 

sting, 

0,  west  of  ref. 

kl  nortliiug. 

13S6.7 
51G.9 

800.  R 
990.8 

Northwest  Point,  ciiat  of  west-base,       121.0 

Referring  to  the  accompanying  map,  in  the  right  angled  triangle 
west-base  A  P,  there  is  given  the  distance  west- base  A,  and  by  subtracting 
the  azimuth  of  the  baNO-lino  (119°  03'  10")  from  180°,  is  obtained  the 
angle  opposite  and  equal  to  the  angle  at  P;  hence 

log  121.0  =8.0827854    ' 

A .  C.  1  ig  Bj  II  00°  00'  :<f)"  =  0. 0584027 

1.18.4  feet  =- 8. 1411881 

which  is  the  distance  laid  off  on  the  base-line,  from  west-base  to  the  meri- 
dian line  through  the  Northwest  Point. 


312 


UNITED  STATED  NOUTUEUN  liOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


'!  !!' 


The  astronomical  latitude  post  was  connected  with  the  post  at  east- 
base,  as  follows — bearing  being  true: 

Traniiit  post  tu  stake  "A"  N.  25°  Su'  30" ;  £.  325.1  feet 


NorthiD|i 


983.6 


logdiRt.       3. '2510170 
log  cos  az.  U.9J57589 


Ingdist.      ii.  5130170 
logtinaz.  0.63^905 


a.  4«777:.9  a.  144d075 

Stoko  "A"  —  oaHt-l.a»e,  N.  41°  35'  30" ;  E.  847.0  fret. 


logdist.       a.!«788:l4 
logcomiz.  9.  H7;t8404 


logdiBt.       a.9!i78834 
log  sin  az.   !(.Ma304H7 


633.5 

087. 1  total  northing. 


9.80i7a;w 


a. 7499331 


EmatlDg. 


130.6 


562.3 


Zenith  telescope  post  to  transit  post, 
Transit  |Mist  to  cost-basn, 
East-base  to  reference  monument, 


Northing. 

6.0 
927.1 

3496.8 


Total  easting,    701.9 
Earting. 


701.9 


Keference  monument  to  Northwest  Point,  4H07. 8 
Zenith  telescope  post  to  Northwest  Point,  9337. 7 


Latitude  of  zenith  tclcscoiH)  post  (Anderson), 
9337.7  f.«t  = 

Latitude  of  Northwest  Point, 

Longitude  of  Northnt'st  I'tiint  ^liy  survey  of 

British  )>arty  from  Astronomical  Station 

Lake  of  Woods), 


Westing. 
S8.0 

024.  if 

869.8 

1833.0 
70L0 


iiao.i 


4'jo  23'  19".  137 
1'  31".  146 

49°  23'  .'■)0".38 


95°  08'  56".  7 


' 


CHIEF     MOUNTAIN     LAKE. 

Chief  Mountain  Lake  lies  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  main  divide  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  across  our  northern  boundary-line,  in  longitude 
about  113°  53'  west  from  Greenwich.  To  the  east  of  it  is  an  outlying  range 
of  mountains,  which,  breaking  from  the  main  range  some  miles  south  of  the 
head  of  the  lake,  trends  along  its  eastern  shore,  and  terminates  abruptly 
near  its  foot. 

The  lake  consists  of  two  quite  distinct  basins,  connected  by  a  narrow 
and  deep  strait.  Of  these  the  most  southerly  is  seven  miles  long,  and 
varies  from  a  half  mile  to  nearly  a  mile  in  width.  It  is  by  far  the  larger, 
constituting,  in  fact,  the  body  of  the  lake,  and  will  be  understood  when  in 
the  following  narrative  the  term  lake  is  used. 

Hemmed  in  on  all  sides  by  ranges  of  towering,  [)recii)itous  mountains, 
whose  peaks  rise  from  two  thuusaiid  to  six  thousand  four  hundred  feet 


,¥ 


r 


^*>^-r>t.-' 


^' 


m 


0 


ill 


t  ■  ! 


ai2 


<i  siATKs  st«rm*;i>N 


■  ».!•  !"•'    ■    „  "  I    It;    ■   i 


ili  /. ' 


TM..! 


"1 

•'Hr 


!>■!'■  1.) 


!  .h, 


■'1  n 


ai^t.ujr  111-   .,3 


i  >-   ;•     '•'111..    I  t;-(.'rij   li.i- 
': -lU  r»i '    •       ''II  H'l  ,h>'  rt'  ' !■    I 


VI:-      "Ivh  :il    -Jif 


/)    I  :'    'hti  Ki-J.  It  III'  -       'r-r,       >ts     '■         tit 
)»'■>.'    .   .       i>.^     lul..-.   1    '-ilii'   '  .' 

I,,  ai  u  i 

,    r'-     i;<',.  -        !r.  ;l    .       '     i      .    i.  '  .  ..     ,  ■ 

'   ;i'.' '-    '  i'!i     .1  h.'i''  ijjiit    '      .       .   "i    ,    '  , 

■*''f    "'I-  -!>.».:    .4?;;,)*:    ^        -    1,,-:    ;  ki:  .    ^.1  -  ,,;- 


II'. 


if   1\       .1' 


'I     ..L  .  ;J.t  .,.1 

.'<  -  !j>  i'  II,    iii'lf. 

-ij-  -'  ^.-r...i  ^i',  ■ 
'iiii'-'"  "  .1'  ' 


■i  >;:iin- 


.       i.l!:^lii"!    \i-: 


k 


REl'UUT  OF  TUU  CUIEF  A8TUUNOMEU,  APPENDIX  A. 


313 


ubovo  it,  tlio  lako  id  unapproachable  by  any  route  Bave  by  the  valley  of 
its  outlet,  the  Waturton  River. 

By  turuitig  nurthward,  therefore,  from  a  point  on  the  boundary-lino 
about  twenty  miles  east  of  the  lake,  we  headed  off  the  outlying  mountain- 
range  described,  and  following  up  the  valley  of  the  Waterton  River,  reached 
the  foot  of  the  lake,  with  our  wagons,  on  the  18th  of  August.  Camp  wus 
pitched  the  same  evening  on  a  fine  shinglu-boach  ut  the  foot  of  the  lake,  u 
position  which,  besides  the  practical  desideratum  of  proximity  to  an  abund- 
ant supply  of  puio,  cold  water,  afforded  us  also  a  comprehensive  view  of 
lako  and  mountain  scenery,  which,  for  picturesque  beauty  and  grandeur, 
is  probcibly  not  excelled,  if  equaled,  by  any  on  the  continent. 

The  lake  and  neighboring  mountain-streams  abound  with  delicious 
fish,  and  the  vicinity  of  our  camp  witii  dusky-grouse.  One  fish,  said  to  bo 
a  salmon-trout,  weighing  over  twenty-one  pounds,  was  caught  from  the 
lake  by  a  soldier,  with  a  hook  fashioned  from  the  rim-wire  of  some  tin 
utensil ;  and  many  red-speckled  trout  were  caught  from  the  mountain- 
streams  that  weighed  in  the  vicinity  of  three  pounds. 

Tlie  water  of  the  lake  is,  of  course,  clear  and  c(»ld,  and  of  great  depth. 
I  regret  that  I  had  at  hand  no  means  of  taking  soundings.  A  piece  of  twine 
over  three  hundred  feet  long,  with  a  heavy  weight  attached,  did  not  reach 
bottom  when  let  out  at  a  point  about  two  hundred  yards  from  the  shore, 
near  Station  No.  20.  There  is  no  current  perceptible  except  near  the  out- 
let of  the  northern  basin  before  mentioned. 

The  purpose  of  my  visit  was  to  establisli  on  the  shore  of  the  lake  tho 
last  astronomicul  station  of  the  survey,  and  to  make  a  geodetic  and  topo- 
graphical survey  of  tho  lake  and  neighboring  niouutaiii-region. 

Having  found  by  observations  witii  the  sextant  for  latitude  that  our 
camp  was  three  and  a  half  miles  north  of  the  41)th  parallel,  I  was  obliged 
to  cast  about  for  means  of  water-transportation  to  the  boundary -line,  as  a 
very  cursory  examination  was  suflicient  to  demonstrate  the  imfeasibility 
of  a  journey  there  by  land,  on  account  of  the  precipitous  nature  of  the 
mountain-sides. 

After  some  experiments  with  improvised  boats  composed  of  wagon- 
boxes  with  covers  of  tent-canvas,  which  failed  on  account  »>f  the  perniea- 


I 


li  I 


\i 


\i 


314 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTUEKN  llOUNUAltY  COMMISSION. 


bility  to  wuter  of  tho  thin  canvua,  I  finally  achiovod  HUccesH  in  two  boats 
which  were  modifications  of  tho  above.  One  of  theHo  was  a  wagon-box 
with  tile  ends  and  all  cracks  covered  with  pieces  of  raw-liido  closely  tacked 
on,  and  tho  whole  covered  with  canvas.  The  otlier,  as  tlio  supply  of  hide 
was  exhausted,  was  a  wagon-box  fastened  on  top  of  n  raft  composed  of 
seven  logs,  to  wliicli  additional  buoyancy  was  given  by  securing  empty 
water-casks  between  the  outside  logs  on  each  side  of  tho  raft.  Paddles 
were  used  for  propulsion,  tho  paddlers  being  squatted  in  tho  bottom,  as  the 
crankiness  of  tho  boats  would  not  permit  the  use  of  elevated  seats  such  as 
are  necessary  for  oarsmen. 

We  were  ready  for  the  trip  up  the  lake  on  the  evening  of  the  20th, 
but  a  severe  storm  came  up  tliat  niglit  which  lasted  for  two  days,  causing 
delay  and  some  damage  to  our  boats,  which,  however,  was  soon  rejiaired. 

On  the  evening  of  tho  22d,  the  night,  though  dark,  was  still,  and  I 
determined  to  take  advantage  of  the  lull  to  make,  at  least,  part  of  the 
distance  to  the  boundary-line  before  daylight.  Leaving  the  main  portion  of 
my  party  in  charge  of  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  United  States  Army,  I  embarked, 
about  8  J),  m.,  »vith  my  assistants,  Mr.  Boss  and  Mr.  Edgerton,  and  five  men, 
the  necessary  instruments,  seven  days'  rations,  and  as  much  camp-equip.ige 
as  w.as  absolutely  necessary.  Onco  fairly  out  upon  tho  lake  the  darkness 
apj)eared  thicker  than  before,  and  land-positions  were  totally  unrecogniza- 
ble. The  labor  of  forcing  the  unwieldy  and  heavily-loaded  crafts  through 
the  water,  and  our  constrained  positions  in  the  bottoms  of  tho  boats,  which 
we  were  unable  to  relieve  by  change,  as  the  slightest  motion  produced 
unpleasant  tips,  suggestive  of  capsize  and  the  certain  loss  of  all  our  instru- 
ments, made  us  all  very  tired,  and  we  were  glad  to  find  a  convenient  little 
beach  where  wo  landed  about  lip.  m.,  and  bivouacked  for  the  night.  Wo 
had  made,  in  the  three  hours  of  toilsome  paddling,  about  one  and  a  half 
miles. 

In  tho  early  morning  we  were  again  under  way,  and  arrived  about  9 
a.  m.  at  a  good  l.anding-placo  on  the  western  shore,  which  was  opposite  a 
point  on  tho  eastern  shore  previously  determined,  by  triangulation  from  tho 
sextant  position  l)efore  mentioned,  to  be,  approximately,  in  latitude  49°. 
There  we  landed  our  effects,  and  near  by,  on  a  convenient  bottom-land. 


IIEPOKT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMElt,  APPENDIX  A. 


:n5 


set  up  the  observatory,  where  astronomical  work  was   begun  tlie  saniu 


' 


1 


evening. 


On  the  24tli  I  made  an  exploration  up  the  ravine  of  a  creek  which 
tumbles  down  between  the  mountains,  west  of  Station  No.  20,  with  the 
hope  of  fmding  some  accessible  points,  by  means  of  which  a  trigonomet- 
rical connection  could  bo  effected  between  niy  station  nnd  the  Akaminn 
station — the  last  station  established  by  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey 
in  1801.  The  latter  is  on  the  main  divide  of  the  mountains,  and,  as  I  know, 
only  abojit  seven  miles  west  of  Station  No.  20.  After  several  hours  of 
toilsome  climbing,  I  became  persuaded  that  the  project  was  impracticable, 
and  reluctantly  abandoned  it. 

The  latitude-work  was  completed,  and  the  stone  moimd  which  marks 
the  boundary-lino  erected,  on  the  2Gth. 

The  instruments,  &c.,  were  repacked  in  the  boats  the  same  afternoon, 
nnd  although  the  wind  was  blowing  almost  a  gale  from  the  south,  making 
the  lake  very  rough,  it  was  a  fair  wind  for  us,  and  .,11  hands  preferred  taking 
the  cliances  of  disaster  in  the  day-time,  to  risking  the  possibilities  of  another 
night-trip.  Wo  therefore  started  about  3  p.  m.,  and  by  means  of  square  sails 
extemporized  from  tent-flies,  sped  along  in  quite  gall.int  stylo.  Our  unceas- 
ing efforts  were,  however,  required  to  keep  the  crafts  before  the  wind,  and 
tolerably  free  from  water.  The  surf  was  running  very  high  upon  the  beach 
near  camp,  and  I  greatly  feared  the  danger  of  capsize  in  the  attempt  to  liuul 
there,  for  which  there  was  no  alternative;  but  this  calamity  was  averted  by 
several  of  my  men,  who  from  the  shore  were  anxiously  watching  our  prog- 
ress. They  appreciated  the  situation,  and  making  into  the  breakers,  at 
exactly  the  proper  moment,  seized  each  boat,  as  she  arrived  in  shoal  water, 
and  bore  her  upon  the  wave-crests,  high  and  dry  upon  the  beach. 

Immediate  preparations  were  made  for  the  march  eastward,  which  was 
begun  next  morning,  August  27. 

The  geodetic  and  topographical  work,  I  gave  into  the  hands  ot  my 
assistant,  Mr.  Lewis  Boss,  who,  laboring  under  many  difficulties,  rapidly 
and  accurately  performed  it.  As  soon  as  boat  No.  1  was  completed,  ho 
used  it  to  transport  himself,  men,  and  instruments,  from  point  to  point  on 
the  lake,  until  we  were  ready  for  our  trip  to  Station  No.  20.     He  accom- 


I 


!    'i 


316 


UNITED  STATK8  KUUTUEUN   UUUNDAUY  CUMMIS8IUN. 


panied  mo  thoro,  and  finished  his  work  by  the  same  means,  during  the  tiniu 
that  I  was  busy  at  the  station. 

Though  the  boat  was  more  manageable  when  not  loaded  down  with 
freight,  it  was  yet  very  unwieldy,  and  could  be  propelled  but  slowly  with 
great  expenditure  of  power,  and  as  the  lake  wus  subject  to  sudden  flaws 
and  squalls,  crossing  it  in  such  a  craft,  was  not  only  difficult  but  a  matter 
of  considerable  concern  as  to  safety. 

The  geodetic  work  consisted  of  a  base-line,  1,199.2  feet  long,  several 
times  carefully  measured  with  a  chain,  and  twenty-four  triangles  dei)cndent 
upon  it,  whose  angles  were  measured,  by  repetitions,  with  a  six-inch  Negus 
theodolite,  reading  by  verniers  to  thirty  seconds. 

The  azimuth  of  the  base-line  was  determined,  by  observations  o*" 
PolariH  near  eastern  elongation,  on  the  nights  of  August  18  and  19,  to  bo 
0°  51'  36". 

There  were  taken  at  each  of  the  twenty-one  trigonometrical  stations 
occupied,  numerous  horizontal  and  vertical  angles  to  prominent  mountain- 
peaks,  by  means  of  which  twenty  such  peaks  have  been  platted,  and  their 
elevations  above  the  lake  determined. 

Tiie  topography  is  laid  down  from  continuouf;  shore-line  skel:clies,  and 
numerous  profile  sketches  made  at  the  various  stations. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows,  on  a  scale  of  55;^,  the  scheme  of 
triangulation  accomplished,  and,  incidentally,  the  heights  above  the  lake  of 
the  mountjiin-peaks  located.  The  height  of  the  lake-surface  was  determined, 
barometrically,  to  be  four  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  above 
the  sua. 

From  the  mean  of  numerous  differences  between  the  true  bearings  of 
triangulatiou-lines  and  the  compass-bearings  of  the  same,  the  magnetic 
variation  was  ascertained  to  be  east  23°  19'. 

CHRONOMETER  PERFORMANCES. 

In  connection  with  my  work  during  the  seasons  of  1873  and  1874, 
observations  with  the  sextant,  for  local  time,  were  made  at  nineteen  points 
on  the  boundary-line  where  longitudes  wero  afterward  determined.  The 
chronometers  used  were  subject  to  conditions  similar  to  tliose  which  gene- 


U.S. NORTHERN   BOUNDARY    COMMISSION 


/ 


»«■„■ 


/ 


j    I 


"'■"  \ 


lit*  f 


(    A»\>*" 


.-.v' 


SKKTCMJ    SlIOWINC 
TRIANGULATION 

CHIEF    MOUNTAIN.    LAKE 


•«« 


\'     Kill  Iter 
\      JVak 


O^IM 


IU6U 


I. 


REPOllT  OF  THE  CBIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


317 


rally  pertain  to  those  expeditions  of  exploration  or  survey  which,  from  the 
nature  of  the  country  traversed,  can  use  wagons  as  their  means  of  trans- 
portation. Tiieroforo,  if  the  longitudes  of  these  points  were  accurately 
known,  we  should  have  data  for  estimating',  with  considerable  acc^uracy, 
within  what  probable  limit  of  error  chronometric  differences  of  longitude 
are  reliable,  when  obtained  with  similar  instruments  used  imder  similar 
circumstances.  Unfortunately,  the  longitude  of  any  station  is  possibly  in 
error  to  an  amount  sufficient  to  largely  increase  such  estimate,  but  as  it 
does  not  probably  exceed,  at  any  station,  five  or  six  seconds  of  time  (l'  = 
999.75  feet  in  latitude  49°),  there  are  still  data  affording  some  interesting 
comparisons  with  chronometer-longitudes. 

We  may  also  satisfactorily  ascertain  how  the  chronometers  were  per- 
forming at  various  stages  during  the  ])rogress  of  the  work,  inasmuch  as  only 
the  difference  of  the  errors  of  the  accepted  longitude  of  consecutive  stations 
enters  to  affect  the  determination  of  the  traveling  rates  between  those  stsi- 
tions,  and  this  is  inappreciable,  in  comparison  with  the  possible  errors  of 
rates  derived  from  observations  with  the  sextant,  made  at  short  intervals  of 
time. 

The  great  and  frequent  changes  of  temperature  to  which  the  chronom- 
eters were  subject,  and  the  incomplete  record  of  the  same,  the  necessarily 
rough  method  of  transj)ortation,  and  tlio  method  employed  to  obtain  rates, 
all  combine  to  preclude  refinement  in  the  discussion  of  results;  but  I  know 
of  no  expedition  which  covers  so  great  an  extent  of  time  and  travel,  where 
the  checks  are  as  good,  and  this  has  induced  me  to  elaborate  the  accompa- 
nying tables. 

The  chronometers  used  are  enumerated  in  the  tables.  Nos.  1481  and 
1513,  Negus,  were  new  instruments,  purchased  by  the  commission  in  1S7.'5. 
They  were  swung  in  gimbals.  1.'119,  Negus,  was  the  property  of  the  Navy 
Department,  and  was  not  a  new  instrument.  2i35,  Bond,  was  an  old  instru- 
ment, formerly  used  on  the  survey  of  the  northwestern  boundary-line. 
The  last  two  were  in  ordinary  leather  cases.  All  were  habitually  trans- 
ported from  station  to  station  in  a  four-spring  wagon,  generally,  in  IST.'t, 
incased  in  a  '^otton-padded  box,  but  in  1874,  under  the  care  of  an  assistant, 
on  the  cusiiioned  seat  of  the  wagon.     In  camp,  they  were  kept  in  the 


PI 


Hi 


I  } 


>' 


.% 


318 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDERN  DOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


observatory  tent,  where  tliey  were  free  from  disturbance,  but  subjected  to 
greater  ranges  of  temperature  than  obtained  in  the  open  air;  the  mininuim 
temperatures  in  the  tent  and  outside  being  about  the  same,  whih;,  on  hot 
days,  the  maximum  in  the  tent  exceeded,  by  several  degrees,  that  of  tlio 
open  air. 

It  was  usual  to  compare  the  chronometers  daily  at  noon,  for  which 
time  the  corrections  were  deduced  when  sun-observations  for  time  were 
made  east  and  west  at  corresponding  hour-angles.  When  the  observations 
were  made  at  night,  or  only  east  or  west,  they  were  compared  at  the  time 
of  observation. 

The  longitude  of  Station  No.  1  was  determined  telegraphically  by  an 
officer  of  the  British  Commission  working  at  that  station,  in  connection 
with  an  observer  at  the  Chicago  Observatory.  From  this  is  deduced  that 
of  the  succeeding  stations,  including  No.  19,  by  means  of  the  chained 
distances  along  the  line  between  stations.  The  longitude  of  Station  No. 
20,  and  our  determination  of  the  longitude  of  Akamina  Station,  depend 
upon  traverse- lines  connecting  them  with  the  British  Station,  marked  on 
the  joint  maps  No.  38.  The  longitude  of  Akaraina  Station,  so  determined, 
differs  from  the  result  obtained  by  the  astronomers  of  the  Northwestern 
Boundary  Survey,  by  the  method  of  lunar  culminations,  by  2  1  seconds  of 
time,  the  latter  being  the  greater. 

The  longitude  of  the  meridian-line  traced  by  Lieutenant  Greene  from 
the  boundary-line  to  Fort  Shaw,  Montana,  is  less  than  the  longitude  of  the 
same  derived  from  the  land-survey  determination  of  their  principal  meridian 
near  Fort  Shaw  by  8.0  seconds  of  time. 

Transportation  of  chronometers  from  Fort  Shaw  to  Bozeman,  Mont., 
of  which  the  longitude  is  known  by  telegraph,  gave  a  longitude  for  our 
meridian-line  4.1  seconds  of  time  greater  than  the  boundary-determination 
of  the  same. 

Taking  into  consideration  all  of  the  circumstances  attending  the  various 
determinations  (for  details  of  these  longitudes  sec  Lieutenant  Greene's  re- 
])ort),  I  think  we  may  safel}'  say  that  the  error  in  the  accepted  longitude  of 
any  station  does  not,  in  oil  probability,  exceed  the  amount  stated. 

Table  I  gives  the  errors  of  the  chronometers  on  Washington  time  for 


(  ; 


REPORT  OF  THE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A.  319 

the  dates  and  stations  recorded  in  columns  1  and  2.  There  are  also  given 
the  maximum  and  minimum  open-uir  temperatures  for  various  dates  during 
the  seasons.  Those  weio  recorded  from  themiometers  hung  near  the  tent 
in  which  the  chronometers  were  kept,  except  for  dates  September  7,  8,  and 
12,  which  are  from  the  record.;  of  Wood  End  Depot. 

Table  II  shows  the  rates  of  the  chronometers  derived  from  observa- 
tions on  dates  given  in  column  1,  which  are  so  selected  as  to  show  rates 
when  the  chronometers  were  stationary  and  traveling  alternately. 

The  sources  of  error  in  these  rate-determinations  are  the  difference  of 
the  errors  in  longitude  of  consecutive  stations,  which  enters  directly  into 
the  traveling  rates,  but  is  probably  very  small,  and  the  algebraic  sum  of 
the  errors  of  the  chronometer-corrections  for  the  two  dates  from  which  the 
rates  are  derived,  which  is  diminished  proportionately  to  the  number  of  days 
intervening  between  the  dates  of  the  observations  from  which  the  rates  were 
determined. 

I  do  not  think  that  the  error  of  observation,  in  any  case,  is  as  much  as 
two  seconds,  as  the  observations  were  usually  made  at  corresponding  hour- 
angles  east  and  west,  or  with  a  sextant  whose  eccentricity  had  been  care- 
fully determined. 

The  results  do  not  show  any  decided  changes  of  rates,  from  stationary 
to  traveling,  and  vice  versa ;  they  are  probably  .small,  and  are  obscured  by 
the  error  mentioned.  Tlie  general  rates  for  the  seasons  were  quite  well 
preserved  until  the  time  o*'  low  mean  temperatures.  For  instance,  during 
the  season  of  1873,  to  the  last  of  August,  and  of  1874,  the  season-rate  of 
any  chronometer  does  not  differ  from  any  rate  given  for  it  in  the  table  by 
more  than  O'.S  in  1873,  and  1".2  in  1874,  reaching  those  limits  only  in 
single  instances. 

In  187;!,  however,  the  rates  of  chronometers  1319,  1481,  and  235,  for 
September,  dilTer  from  their  rates  of  the  rest  of  the  season  by  2'.4,  1".G,  and 
2'.G,  respectively,  and  the  rates  of  the  last  half  of  September,  from  the  same, 
by  3".G,  2".8,  and  3".r),  respectively.  The  reason  for  the  very  large  losing 
rates  during  September,  1873,  is  obvious  from  an  inspection  of  the  temper- 
atures to  which  they  were  then  subject. 

There  have  been  many  discussions  of  the  effects  upon  the  rates  of  well- 


-.1 


iff 

1 

<l 

'.illll] 

m 

. 

im 

m 

320 


UNITE!)  STATES  NORTDEIIN  BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


componsatod  chrouomoters  of  various  dogreea  of  temperature,  but  none  that 
I  know  of  where  they  were  subjected  to  so  great  extremes  as  were  ours. 

Chronometers  on  trial  at  the  Greenwich  Observatory  are,  in  the  course 
of  several  months,  subjected  to  temperatures  between  the  limits  of  +40° 
and  +95°,  during  which  time  their  daily  rates  are  weekly  summed,  in  the 
order  of  dates  pnd  the  order  of  temperatures,  for  the  purpose  exhibited  in 
Table  III. 

In  the  discussions  of  the  chronometric  expeditions  between  Liverpool 
and  Cambridge,  Professor  Bond  deduces  formula;  for  temperature-correc- 
tions to  the  rate  for  limits  of  temperature  20°  either  way  from  the  compen- 
sation-temperature. But,  in  our  work,  we  had  at  times  extremes  of  tem- 
))erature  of  over  50°  within  twenty-four  houi"s'  time,  and  the  extremes, 
during  the  season  of  1873,  were  81°  apart,  so  that  none  of  the  discussions 
are  applicable  in  this  case.  Tliere  only  remains  to  be  said  in  reference  to 
this  important  point,  that  our  results  do  not  show  sensible  changes  in  rates 
for  variation  of  temperature  sucli  as  usually  occur  during  ordinary  summer 
and  fall  weather,  say  for  a  variation  of  '.^5°  either  way  from  (55°.*  When, 
however,  the  minimum  was  daily  below  40'^  for  a  continued  period,  as  in 
September,  1873,  the  rates  became  irregular,  and  when  the  minimum  was 
continuously  35°  and  below,  entirely  unreliable  Whether,  at  ordinary 
winter-temperatures,  wo  might  expect  uniform  losing  rates  to  be  estab- 
lished, there  are  not  sufficient  data  to  decide,  but  from  the  record  of  chro- 
nometer 1455  (see  Table  IIj,  such  would  appear  to  be  the  case.  This  chro- 
nometer was  used  by  Lieutenant  Greene  during  the  sunmier  of  1873  and 
the  following  winter.  The  record  of  temperatures  for  the  months  given  is 
from  the  record  of  the  Medical  Department,  United  States  Army,  kept  at 
Fort  Pembina.     (See  Circular  No.  8,  War  Department,  S.  G.  0.,  1875.) 

It  also  appears  from  the  table  that  chronometers  1481,  235,  and  1319, 
in  1873,  and  1513,  235,  and  1319,  in  1871,  were  meritorious  in  the  order 
named.  This  decision  is  confirmed  in  Table  III,  in  which,  following  the 
method  adopted  at  the  Greenwich  Observatory,  in  the  tabulated  results  of 

*  lu  other  words  ibo  changes  due  to  variation  of  temperature  are  obscured  by 
errors  in  rate-detorminations  and  by  changes  of  rate  due  to  Jolting,  &c.,  of  the  chro- 
nometers. 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


321 


the  trials  of  chronometers  for  purchase,  the  order  of  merit  is  determined  by 
means  of  the  difiFerences  between  the  greatest  and  least  weekly  rates,  and 
the  greatest  difiFerences  between  the  rates  of  consecutive  weeks.  The 
weekly  rates  in  Table  III  are  derived  from  Table  I,  by  inteqiolation,  and 
of  course  are  only  approximate,  but  near  enough  the  tinith  to  make  the 
comparisons  indicated. 

Table  IV  gives  the  accepted  longitudes  of  nineteen  points  on  or  near 
the  boundary-line,  and  the  longitudes,  by  chronometers,  of  seventeen  of 
them.  The  rates  used  in  calculating  the  diflference  of  longitude  between 
consecutive  stations,  are  those  obtained  at  the  nearest  preceding  station,  and 
are  used  in  preference  to  the  mean  of  those  at  the  stations  whose  difiference 
in  longitude  is  required,  because  of  the  long  time  elapsed,  in  some  instances, 
and  because  at  the  latter  stations  in  1874,  and  at  the  last  in  1873,  no  rates 
were  determined.  In  some  instances,  all  of  the  chronometers  were  not 
compared  and  the  differences  mentioned  depend  upon  two,  and,  from  Station 
20  to  Sweetgrass  Hills,  upon  one  chronometer.  The  longitude,  by  chro- 
nometers, of  any  station  given  in  the  table,  is  the  sum  of  the  mean  of 
chronometric  differences  between  the  preceding  stations;  the  difference, 
therefore,  at  any  station,  between  the  accepted  and  chronometer-longitude, 
is  the  total  difference,  by  the  two  methods,  from  tiie  initial  station. 

It  IS  usual  with  expeditions  which  determine  longitude  by  transporta- 
tion of  chronometer.>j  return  them  to  the  starting-point,  or  to  arrive  with 
them  at  some  point  of  which  the  longitude  is  known,  and  by  means  of  the 
differences  of  chronometer-errors  at  the  starting  and  terminal  points,  the 
difference  of  longitude  between  the  two  points,  and  the  elapsed  time,  to 
deduce  a  daily  rate,  which  is  assumed  to  have  been  uniform  during  time  of 
travel,  by  means  of  which  intermediate  points  are  fixed  in  longitude. 

To  make  a  case  nearly  similar,  I  use  the  data  of  Table  IV,  and  rates 
for  1873  deduced  from  the  observations  of  Juno  7  and  8,  and  August  31, 
and  rates  for  1874  derived  from  the  dates  July  5.3,  and  August  13.3,  as 
given  in  Table  II.  There  result  the  chronometer-longitudes  given  in  Table 
V,  which,  as  was  to  be  expected,  agree  generally  better  with  the  accepted 
longitudes  than  do  those  of  Table  IV,  excepting  of  course  Stations  10,  11, 
and  12,  where  low  tenjperatures  prevailed. 
N  u 21 


III 


V" 

111 


322 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Tho  mean  of  tho  differences  between  the  accepted  longitudes  and  the 
longitudes  of  the  stations  by  eithQr  of  tho  mentioned  methods,  or  between 
the  latter,  excepting  the  last  three  stations  of  1873,  is  less  than  two  seconds 
of  time,  and  tho  greatest  difference,  at  any  station,  only  reaches  five  seconds, 
the  same  stations  excepted. 

If  we  suppose  that  the  mean  error  of  the  accepted  longitude  increases 
•  the  mean  differences  mentioned  by  two  seconds,  and  that  tho  greatest  error 
at  any  station  increases  the  greatest  difference  by  six  seconds,  which  is 
tailing  tho  most  unfavorable  combinations  possible,  we  have,  for  the  mean 
error  of  the  chronometer-longitudes  of  stations,  four  seconds  of  time,  and 
for  the  limit  of  error,  eleven  seconds,  or,  in  latitude  49",  about  four-fifths 
of  a  mile  and  two  miles  respectively. 


BEPOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTHOKOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


323 


Table  I. 
Errors  of  Chrofwmeters  on  Washington  time. 


Statlou. 


Kui'l  PembiUA 

No.fl 

3 

3  

3 

8  

S 

5  

S  

i 

6 

S 

5 

7 

7 

7  

7 

7 

9 

tf 

0 

0 

9 

10 

ID 

10   

10  

II 

II 

13  

1» 

11  


Station. 


Umo. 


18711. 
Jddb  it 

7 
8 
10 

li  u; 
ir> 

17.17 

su 

VJ 

:io 
July    1 

0 

9 

Vt 

15 

30 

Ang.    1 

a 

(1 

7 
18 
1!) 
•J!l 
30 
31 

4.3 

n 
6 

7.01 

l.').  l:i 

17.34 

ai 
sa 
saot 


Sfpt 


No.  13 

13 

u 

14 

14 

15 

15 

10 

Ifl 

17 

17 

Depot  Camp 

No.  18 

19 

SO 

90 

Sweet-grau  IlilU. 


D.ite. 


1874. 

Joly  5.3 
8.3 
10.3 
10.8 
l'J.4 
1.1.4 
SO.  Il.'i 
SA  3 
S.-i.  4 
S9.0 

Ang.  3 

8 

l;i..">5 

18.4 
S.'i.  1 

Sept  1.4 


Menn  timo 

•  111'.  131U, 

Ne^tiR  &('o. 


h.  m. 
I  S3 
1     84 


1    34 

1     35 


1     25 


1    80 
1     37 


8;i.  5 
0-i.  1 
o:i.4 
00. 3 

10.  n 

III  I) 

2V!  I< 
37.1 
43. « 
41.3 
4J.8 
Ml.  5 
.Vi.  5 
f>8.  0 
(10.3 
lr<.3 
31.0 
•.'.■i.  3 
•J!', ,'. 
V.I.  S 
54. 0 
ri7.  II 
33.  !l 
3.-1.  1 
U(i.  3 
41.4 
30. 3 
4.-I.  0 
4H.3 
13.  I 
SI.  3 

;».  8 

U.I 

80.3 


Rlilcn-ol 

clir.  14CI, 

Nvgnii  ii  Co. 

Slow. 


h.  ffl.     (. 
1     16    3&4 


30.0 
Si).  3 
38.7 
38.  0 
34.  3 
13.0 


07.1 
07. « 
04.0 
03.0 
50. 5 
5,V7 
30.  3 
31.3 
34.  5 
38.0 

50.  3 
14.8 
13.7 
00  8 
0O3 
58.4 
.'iH.  4 
Kl.  0 
57  0 
57.3 
.10.  4 

51.  5 
.'i7. 8 
00.3 
13.3 


Rlderrnl 

chr.    -.iW 

IloDil&Soli. 

Slow. 


Dute. 


jAir  trinp4*r. 
aturuH. 


I  Max.   Min. 


.!_ 


41.7 
41.3 
43.0 
45.1 
40.5 


.10.9 
33.9 
33.0 
87.3 

sas 

80.8 
83.9 
17  6 
18.4 
80.3 
10.1 
JI.5 
00.7 
10.7 
13.8 

i:i.o 

14.0 
30.3 


83.9 
33. 8 
30.  I 
47.0 
.v..  3 
01.0 
18.0 


1873. 
Juno  15 

10 

17 

18 

19 

80 

SI 

83 

89 

30 

July    1 

8 

3 

4 

5 

0 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13 

13 

14 

1.-. 

10 

30 

31 


Aug. 


h.  m. 
9    08 


i. 

00.9 
08.0 
115 
13. 0 
14.9 
16.5 
80.3 
33.8 
36.0 
89.5 
3\  3 
36.3 
37. 3 
44.3 


Siderral      I 

chr. 

1513, 

Noun  a 

&Co. 

Slow. 

h.  m. 

•. 

1    47 

40.1 

40.8 

41.0 

41.,'. 

41.9 

.10.8 

37.  7 

30.  0 
3-1.8 

31i.  5 

31.3 

SO.  3 

S4.  1 

lti.8 
11.7 
05.4 

1     47 

Siden-nl 

chr.     235, 

Bond  &.  Son. 

Fnat. 


A.  m.     r 

0    55    47.9 
47.4 

48.8 
40.7 
40.8 
51.8 
54.4 


4.V0 
4.'..  8 
50.3 
53. 3 
58.1 
55    5'<.8 


Date. 


1874. 
July    6 

8 
11 
13 
16 
17 
18 
19 
S3 
&I 
S< 


Date. 


1873. 
Aug.  9 
19 
11 
13 
19 
80 
31 
83 
S3 
34 
85 
80 
88 
S9 
30 
31 
Sept  4 
5 
0 
71 
HJ 
131 
15 
10 
17 
SO 
81 
33 
83 
84 
85 

a« 

87 
88 
89 


AlrtempiT- 
ntut'i-N. 


Max.  Uln. 


Alrt- 

mpiT. 

aturcs. 

Max. 

Min. 

o 

0 

98 

60 

101 

CO 

nil 

45 

98 

44 

98 

51 

03 

50 

03 

57 

89 

rA 

88 

31 

87 

38 

80 

.50 

b9 

56 

Airtemper. 

Date. 

ntures. 

Max. 

Min. 

1874. 

0 

0 

July  85 

85 

46 

30 

84 

SO 

31 

84 

48 

Aug.    1 

81 

49 

8 

HO 

48 

8 

79 

54 

» 

85 

40 

10 

85 

50 

14 

76 

45 

15 

77 

36 

10 

77 

33 

Sept.   3 

105 

S5 

324 


UN1T£D  STATES  NOBTHEBN  fiOGNDABY  GOMMI8SION. 


Table  II. 

Daily  rates. 


OnMik 


Umn  llmi! 
cbr.  I3IU, 


PIdrmil 

cbr.  I4rl, 

NettuaftCo. 


187a      I 

JuuHlllnS.. 
Jull«8tolll.| 

16. 
Jilue    la.  16  ' 

»«  17. 17.      1 
June    IT.  17  , 

tuM.  { 

Jniia    17. 17 

III  90. 
Jnue  iM  to 

July  IJ. 
June  iri  to 

July  IS. 
July  ISIoM 
July   30   to 

Anr.7. 
Anv.  7tulg 
AuR.lSioJI 
Auu.  Jl   to 

H<'|ll.  4. 3. 
Bi'pl.  4.3  to 

St'fit.  7. 04  to 

in.  13. 
S<'|>t.     1.M3 

l(>  17. 34. 
St-nt.     17. 34 

to  81. 
Sl'lit.   81    10 

li».  04. 


I.alomnii 
1. 7  kMlUK 

a.  3  lualug 

1.6lMlng 


.  8  losing 


1.  alonlng 
],  4  luiilug 

a.9lniilnK 
3.  .'i  liming 
3.  i  IudUiK 

a.  S  lacing 

3. 0  loilnii 

S.  S  loaing 

4. 3  loalnc 

3.  D  losing 

1. 7  losing 


June    a    to 

Aug.  31. 
Jnno    8    to  ' 

Aug.  31. 
June    »    to  I  a.  3  lusing 

Si-|it  aa  04. 

Aug.   31   tu 

svpt.  'le.  04.  i 

Sept.    13.13 
toa8.04.      I 

I 


4.  a  losing 

5.  a  losing 


Blilrrrsl 

cbr.  a  .1, 

DoDil  tL  Son. 


1.4gnlnlnt! 
0.3  gaining 

0.0  gaining 

1. 3  galulng 


0. 0  gaining 


1. 3  gaining 
1.3  galulng 

1. 1  gaining 
1. 3galuliig 
0.  Ognlulnn 

0.  4galiilng 

0.8  gaining 

L  9  losing 

0. 8  loaing 

a.  1  losing 

1. 1  gaining 


0.7  gaining 
0.5  losing 
1.7  losing 


0. 3  loaing 
0.5gtiluiug 


0.3gatnlng 


0.0  gaining 

0.4  gaining 
0.4galuiug 

0,4  gaining 
U.  4  Insliig 
1.  3  liming 

1. 3  timing 

1.5  losing 

4. 9  losing 

a.  a  losing 

3. 8  losing 


Travrllog 
or  stii. 
tlbuary. 


8. 

T. 


T. 
T. 
H. 
S. 

T. 

H. 


0. 3  gnlulng 


T. 

H. 
T. 

8. 

T. 

8. 

T. 

.1. 

T.andS. 
T.  and  8. 


0. 3  losing  '  T.  and  S. 


3. 3  losing 
3. 8  losing 


T.  and  S. 
T.  and  8. 


Dates. 


Urao  lime 
I  cbr.  1319, 
Nvgnsfclfi). 


Sidereal 

obr.  IS13, 

KoguaACo 


1871. 
July  N3  to 

K  3. 
July  8.3  to 

lU.a. 
July  I0.at4i 

l'J.4. 
July  18:4  to 

IS.  4. 
Jnly  IS.  4  to 

8)1.33. 
Julv     80. 33 

III  sa.  3. 

Julv -.18.  a  to 

W.  4. 
July  as.  4  to 

July  89   to 

Aug.  3. 
Aug.  a  to  4  . 
Aug,  4  ton.. 
Aug.    8    to 

i:l  ,u. 

Aug.    13.93 

til  la  4. 

Aug.  18.  4  to 

Aug.  as.  I  to 
S.'pt  1.4. 


July  ,1.3  to 
Aug.  l:l.s.1 

Julv  ^3  to 
Si'pt.  1.  4. 


3.0  losing 
3.0  losing 
l.t  loaing 
0.  i  losing 
a  8  liiaing 
1.9  loaing 
0.7  loaing 
i.  0  losing 
1.6  losing 

0.  S  loaing 
0. 3  loHlng 

1.  a  losing 


1. 1  losing 


0. 3  losing 
0. 3  losing 
Ol  4  losing 

0.  T  gaining 
a  4  gnlulng 
0. 7  losing 

&0 

0. 9  gaining 
1. 3  gaining 

1.  Ogalnlng 
1. 3  gaining 
0.5  gaining 

a9galning 

0.8  gaining 

0.9  gaining 


0.5  gaining 
0. 6  gaining 


Riderral 
cbr.  a:is, 

OondAHoD. 


TravrllDg 

or  MIA- 

tloDwy. 


0. 3  loaing 
0.7  gaining 
0.  i  gaining 
0.7  gaining 
0.5  gaining 


0.0 

1. 1  gaining 

I.SgalnIng 
1.3gaining 
9.0 


0. 3  gaining 


& 
T. 
& 
T. 

8. 

r. 

8. 

T. 

8. 

T. 
T. 
T. 

T. 

8. 

T. 


T.  nud  S. 
T.  and  8. 


Dates. 


1S73, 
JnneH  to  July  4  ... 

Jnly4t<i-.<8 

JiilyaatoScpt  I... 

Sept.  1  to  15 

8.;pl.lStn30 


Not.  8  to  Doc.  5    . 

Dfc.5tii0 

DccOtolJ , 

I)oo.iatol9. 

Dec  lU  to  30 

Dec  80  to  Jan.  t7. 


Mean  time 

I'br.  14S5, 

Negus  Si,  Co. 


0.45  gaining, 

t.  0  losing  . . 

3. 9  loaing  , . 

3, 3  liming  , . 

31 3  losing  . . 

0. 0  losing  . . 

.\3  liming  .. 

a  I  loaing  , . 

S.  1  liming  . . 

6.7  loaing  .. 

7. 1  losing  . 


Traveling 
or  htn> 
tionary. 


T.  and  R. 

T.  ami  S, 

T.  anil  a. 

T.  and  8. 

X.  and  8. 

T.  and  S. 

T.  nnd  S. 

T.  and  S. 

T.  and  8. 

T.  and  8. 

T.  and  8. 


FORT  PEMBINA. 


Temperature. 


Uontb. 


Mean. 


lB73-'74. 
November  . 
December.. 
January  .  ■  ■ 


15.  GS 

6,7U 
-  3.17 


Max. 


VAo. 


-35 
-27 
-44 


■Hn 


BEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 


325 


Table  III. 
Weekly  mte»,  1873. 


No.  of  ohronoBMUr. 


nig. 

1481. 


83S 

TmnpentiurMi 

MHlmnm 

Mlolicam 


\ 


-e.3 

+8.8 


I. 

-H.a 

+  1.9 
-  11.7 


-U.S 

+11.9 


8 


(I0-,10) 
+5.U 


-10.7 
+  0.4 


m 


47 


c-a 

a"* 


-Il.O 

+  3.3 

+  .1.0 
o 
W 

3a 


-7.3 

+l).4 

+ao 

o 

eg 

3i 


< 
KM 


I. 

-Il.O 

-)•  (1.7 

+  0.1 
o 
U5 
33 


-11.7 

+  0.3 

+  S.5 
o 
U.'i 
40 


-18.4 

+  7.5 

+  4.3 
o 

ea 

4H 


D 


t. 

-U.0 
+  8.8 


Ko.  of  ohronomttor. 


I31S 

1481 

«35 

Tompenitam! 

Untmiim 

Mlnimam 


f. 

-14.4 
+  7.S 
-  3.6 

o 

04 

38 


f. 
-It).  9 

+  a.0 

-  D.O 

o 
70 
S3 


Is 


-11.7 
+  !S.3 
-11.3 

o 

73 

33 


-31.  3 
-0.9 
-83.7 


Is 


I. 

-51.0 

-i:io 
-31.3 

o 

79 

14 


it 

r 


-51.0 
-13.0 
-31.3 


a 


t. 

-7.3 
I-II.9 

\-  S.0 


f. 

43.7 
9.11 
37.9 


u  p  1 

pi 

Jgsi 


17.7 
0.3 
14.4 


"WeeMy  rateH,  1874. 


Na  of  ohnaomotcr. 

S 

s 

s 
s 

i 

Si 

S 

CI 

i 

et 

& 

s 

8 

5 

1 

c*  >» 

1 

a  t.  s  i 

-3 

■a 

•s 

■a 

0 

p 

p 

D 

.s 

fc~ 

13 

fcSS^ 

►» 

1? 

►» 

►? 

<l 

o 

-i 

< 

« 

a 

1. 

«. 

«. 

«. 

•. 

>. 

<. 

: 

: 

«. 

<. 

: 

I3J9 

-13.8 

-  1.8 
+  1.9 

-4.7 
til 

-7.1 
+0.8 
—0.4 

-0.9 

-2.3 

+1.7 
-t-5.0 

-n.6 

t2:S 

iao 

"+6.0 

-13.8 
-  1.8 

-«.3 

11.5 

9.1 
3  1 

1513 

9.T5 

Tomperatomt 

Uaxlraam 

101 
44 

98 
SO 

89 
S7 

84 
48 

85 
48 

83 
33 

UlDlmain 

M 


NoTK.— Tbo  eign  +  iDdicntog  a  xalning,  and  —  a  losing  rate. 


326 


UNITED  STATES  KOUTBEBN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Taolb  IV. 

Jitlative  LoHgitudei  of  Slationi,  by  Chronometert  from  Fort  Pembina,  and  by  Chain  from 

Station  No.  1. 


'■%'. 


Hlltloo. 


Dita. 


I         IHTI, 

Vort  Fumkiua  (flog-iitafri  Juno  3 


Rale 

n.  S  8t/itlonNa.  9.. 


10 


Rfttes  IM  at  Fort    Pcnibln*. 
U.B.fttjtlluii  Kn,  3  ....  Mimel'J 

I  IV.  lA 

I  n.  It 

It>l« I 

V.  8.  Blatiiin  No.  S I  Jan«  •!» 

I  M 

July  IS 

n»i« ' 

0,8.  BtatiuD  No.  T. 


Knte 

U.S  St* lion  No. a... 


Hot« 

V.  a  SUIioa  No.  10. . . 


Kat» 

U.S.8lalioD,No.  II.... 


Hiite 

U.8.8iaUonNaia. 


July  30 
Aug.  7 


Auic.  IS 
30 


8apl.   i.d 
7.04 


Sent.  l\  13 
17.  :m 


Septal 


U.S. Station  No.  13 «...    July    S.3 
8.3 

lute 

U.  8.  Station  No.  14  . . . 


Rata 

n.asinlinn  No. IS. 


Rate 

XT.  8.StitiunNu.  1(1 


Rate 

n.  8.  Station  No.  17  . 


July  10.3 
\±4 


.Tn\y  l.'i.  4 
80. 3S 


Rote 

Depot    (JaiDp     Sweet- 
liraiia  Ilills. 


n.  8  SlatloD  No.  IB  . 


luly  W.S 
SJ.  < 


July  M 
Aug.  a 


n.  S.  SUtlon  Na  ID  . 


Cniup  near  Sweet.gniu 

um». 

U.S. .Station  NaiM 


Rate  . 


Aug.  4 
Aug  8 
Aug.  laa 

Sept    1.4 

Aug.  le.  4 
tU.1 


CorreotloB  to  local  llisa. 


Mean  timo 

ohr.  1311), 

Ni'gna  &  Co. 


m.   «. 
3  3:i.H 

ti    I.  n 

+    1  S0.4 


+    PS4.S 


+       4(t5 
Lolling    s.  3i 

-    a  35.7 


-  a  I'X  n 

Loalni      I.  *l 

-  Vi  «\  9 

-  II  .'i4.0 

Loaing    1.41 

-  ix  tll.'i 

-  17  50.  I 

t^mlnir    9.  (1 

-  ill  10.  9 

-  ill  (14.0 

LoHlnir     3. 4rt 

-  t»  (III.  .'S 

-  it  a.  M 

L<»lug     .■■.  40 

-  !»  30. 0 


-  (I  57. 93 
+    7  0.V  (19 

LoeJDg      tl.  14 
+    3  .Vi  7 
4-    3  SS.I 

Loaing      I.  (10 
10.  4 

-  4107 

Loaing     0. 79 

-  3  4:i.  4 

-  3  41.33 
Losing     0.  C8 

-  7  30. 9 

-  7  31. 1 
LoaIng    1. 45 

-  8  57. 5 


Ratea 
-  10  4a  73 


lUtea  aa  at  Sla 
-  14  33.1 


)  No  rompari*  < 


Sidereal 

cbr.   I4i4l, 

Negua  It  Co. 


-  4  (II.  30 

-  4  I'ilD 
OaluinK    1.4 

-  i  i».\a 


7«)iM 


(r.o(igitudeof  H 
LosgitudeofF 


-  7  8A.n» 
Gaining    1. 01 

-  II  14.1 


-  II  31.  :M 
(Jaining    0.91 

-  33  0:i.  4H 

-  83  13.  Art 

Gaining    1.96 

-  SO  17.  .'lO.'i 

-  3;i  33.  IM 

(lalullig    1.31 

-  31  II..VJ 

-  33  13.(17 

Oalnlntf   n.  43 

-  37  4(1.  (l.'fe 

-  ;i7  43.  5 

Loe'ng      I.Rt 

-  41  4U.UX4 

Sid.  chr.  1913, 
Negua  k  Co. 

-  13  43.  70 

-  13  43  CO 
Loaing      0.3:1 

-  Ill  Sil.  90 

-  10  98.  37 

Loeing      0. 409 

-  31  44  3H 

-  31  4U.  4 

Gaining   0.43 

-  94  49.  C9 

-  81  ^0. 10 
Gaining    0.09 

-  99  9.V  3 

-  80  00.  9 
Gaining    1. 3 

-  30  3(1. » 


aa    at    Station 
-  3a3l.7d 


lion  No.  17. 
-  30  10.  b4 


-  :iO  49. 4 

-  40  04.  47 

-  4<l  09.  3 
Gaining  0. 70fi 


Sidereal 

ohr.  a:i3, 

Ihiud  &  Son. 


K  m. 


-  I  17  00. 78 

-  I  17  00.  34 
Gaining   0.81 


-  I  30  94. 14 

-  I  31  (14.  31 
Gaining    0.1)7 

-  1  31  83.34 

-  I  31  33.30 

Gaining   a3i< 

-  I  38  33. 09 

-  1  38  le.  77 

Liiaing      0, 33 

-  I  41  49.(1.1 

-  1  41  40.00 

Loaing      1.31 

-  I  40  Oil.  \)4b 

-  1  43  30. 09 

Loaing     4. 03 

-  1  40  43. 000 


-II  57  10.7 
-II  97  10.3s 
Loaing     a  19 
-13  Ofl  39.06 
-13  00  30.  09 

Gaining   0.49 
- 13  09  l.V  It 
-13  09  18.  48 

Ontnlng   0.  .'>3 

iNo  compar.) 
iaon.         ^ 

-13  13  17.6 

-13  13  33.11 

Gaining    I  13 

-13  13  49.4 


No.  17. 

-13  15  47.03 


-13  19  39. 7 


}  No  (»tnpaii< 
}      ao 


•I 


Vi 

in 


t.itlon  No.  I 
ort  I'enibln 
m.  «. 
I  40.33 
1  44.36 
I  4.\33 
I  l^7^ 
1  18.13 

I  114.44 

3  4:1.  :io 

3  .19. 09 
3  3H.  36 
3  411. 38 
10  13  88 
10  18.47 
10  07.  98 

10  1:1.11 

0  44.  14 

0  9(1.  10 

«  .1:1. 81 

n  49. 17 

3  3.1. 07 
3  3:1.  01 

3  33.  0:1 
U.   3  :i:l.  37 

4  8:1. 38 
4  :.0.  (.0 
4  3.'i.  49 

M.  4  30.40 
4  0.\  40 
4  04.  47 
4  10.69 

M.   4  00.  83 


M. 


3  18.49 
3  17.70 

3  19,  10 
M.   3  ia43 

4  4.'>,  93 
4  47,  13 
4  41.  .V) 

M.  4  4.'>.  73 
3  01.  03 

3  03.09 
U.   3  03. 09 

4  01.78 
4  04.83 

M.  4  0:l  .30 
I  90.  94 
I  9.1.60 
I  3-..  01 
I  35.13 
1  .'i7.:l9 
1  .IS.  08 
1  X\.  10 
1  .11. :« 
3  93  .19 
3  47.90 
3  40.  F13 
3  43.1X1 


M. 


Longltndn  weat  al 
WaablogtoD. 


n.v  chro- 
nouieter 
rroia  Furt 
Pembiu*. 


liVtelegrapU 
a  Oag-aUir 


km.    a, 

1  33  38.18 


1  33  46.96 


1  37  11.78 


I  .17  30.  88 


1  48  03.03 


1  33  89. 00 


I  M  39. 04 


■  04  41.34 

3  09  80.96 
8  18  89.01 
S  10  38.01 

3  17  58.04 


3  33  4L38 
3  17  56. 94 


9  91.  95  i 


3  37  SI.  49 


Ily  rhain 

ft  um  Slal'n 

No.  1. 


A.  m,  «. 

I  m  43  04\ 
I  80  43.77  I 


1  r*  87. 04 

1  37  34.80 

1  44  38.  '•« 

1  48  00, 88 

1  93  37.04 

I  36  37, 8 
8  01  83.  83 

3  04  40, 33 

3  08  84. 13 

3  13  98.  01 
8  10  :ll.77 

S  17  .16. 17 


i  33  41.81 
3  17  91.07 


'Initial  atatioQ  for  obrooometer  loug'.tndoa  1874. 


BBPOltT  OP  TAB  CDIBF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  A. 

Taole  V. 


327 


ina. 

1874. 

A,  m.    •. 

1  IW  U  TT 
1  «  111  1J 
1  III  47. 91 
1  87  INI  l>.l 
1  37  41.  :i< 

1  44  :ii.  :is 

1  4ri  0.1.  40 

1  .^a  «i  .''7 
I  M  in.  u 

LnniiUudK,  Blallnn  Nn.  n 

ClirmwUDtar-louKltudo,  HMtion  No.  1 1 

No.  13 

Nil  in    

No  17    

PdlHilCnmii    

i                                            BUUui)  No.  In 

1                                                           Nil.  Ill      ... 
C»inp,RiminilKTl.4 
filatiou  Nu.  UU    

h.  fit.    t. 

II  01  mi  M 
a  01  ;r.i  .'iT 
a  no  ai.  .vj 
a  u  a7.  .11 
a  10  :i0.  Fit 
a  17  Ml.  iti 
a  111  .VI  o« 
a  i;:i  4i.a:i 
a  17  !>.\  Ml 

a  ar  in.  no 

Cbnmuuietar-lanfllua*,  hUUou  N«.  II 

rio.  •!  

Va.   5 

No.  1 

Nil,  » 

Nu.10 

N.I.II 

Kalil 

Vote.— RmuIU  obtninnd  br  imIdr  uniform  ntM  for  ths  wiMoni. 

jAUUa  V  miKiioiiv, 

Oaf  tain  v/  Unginttrt. 


;  I 


M 


i 


h. 


APPEKDIX  B 


^0 


REPORT  OF  CAPT.  W.  J.  TWINING. 


CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS, 


CHIEF    ASTRONOMER. 


339 


m 


REPORT  OF  FIRST  LIEUT.  F.  V.  GREENE,  UNITED 
STATES    ENGINEERS. 


United  States  Nohtuekn  Boundary  Commission, 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  30,  1876. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  following  report  of  the 
work  done  under  my  charge,  upon  the  survey  of  the  boundary-line  of  the 
United  States,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  j-our  obedient  servant, 

F.  V.  GREENE, 
First  Lieutenant  of  Engineers. 
Capt.  Wm.  J.  Twining, 

United  States  Engineers,  Chief  Astronomer 


PKELIMINARY. 

By  Special  Orders  No.  131,  War  Department,  Adjutant-General's  Office, 
Juno  7,  1872,  I  was  "detailed  for  duty  upon  the  joint  commission  for  the 
survey  of  the  boundary-line  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  in  nccordiuice 
with  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  19,  1872,"  and  was  directed  to 
report  in  person  to  the  Adjutant-General.  By  letter  of  July  2,  1872,  thai 
officer  directed  me  to  report  to  the  Department  of  State,  which  I  did,  by 
letter,  on  the  3d  of  July,  and  in  reply  received  a  letter,  dated  Gth  July, 
1872,  from  Charles  Hale,  Acting  Secretary  of  State,  directing  me  to  report 
to  Maj.  F.  U.  Farquhar,  Corps  of  Engineers,  then  Chief  Astronomer  of  the 
Commission.     I  did  so  on  the  same  day,  and  have  since  been  continuously 

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UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


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on  duty  with  the  Commission,  and  under  the  orders  of  the  Chief  Astrono- 
mer. 

The  poilion  of  the  survey  intrusted  to  me  in  the  field  comprised  the 
immediate  charge  and  direction  of  the  parties  enfja^ed  upon  geodetic  and 
topographical  operations,  and  the  making  of  reconnaissance-surveys  of  all 
routes  passed  over  by  these  parties,  outside  of  the  belt  of  more  accurate 
surveys.  The  geodetic  work  was  that  necessary  to  establish  and  mark  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  between  adjacent  astronomical  stations;  the  topograph- 
ical work  was  to  survey  a  belt  not  less  than  five  miles  in  width,  on  the 
United  States  side  of  the  boundary.  In  the  office,  I  have  had  the  immediate 
charge,  under  your  general  supervisioii,  of  the  preparation  of  all  the  maps 
of  the  Commission. 

Before  describing  these  operations  in  detail,  I  deem  it  proper  to  give  a 
short  naiTative  of  the  various  seasons'  work.  This,  however,  will  be  limited 
to  the  most  concise  statement  of  the  movements  of  my  parties,  and  will  not 
include  any  description  of  the  country,  or  account  of  the  many  details 
which  make  up  "plains  experience,"  such  as  means  of  supply,  lack  of  wood 
and  water,  troubles  from  prairie-fires,  hail  and  snow  storms,  &c.  Although 
habitually  separated  from  the  parties  of  other  officers,  and  acting  under 
general  instructions  only,  yet,  on  the  whole,  I  passed  over  nearly  the  same 
ground  as  yourself  and  Captain  Gregory,  whose  experiences  were  also 
about  the  same  as  my  own,  and  whose  reports,  doubtless,  give  complete 
information  on  these  points.  I  shall,  however,  subsequently  speak  more  in 
detail  of  the  monument  on  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  of  the 
swamps  of  the  Boseau  country,  as  I  was  the  only  officer  of  the  United 
States  Commission  who  visited  those  localities. 

SEASON    OF  1872. 

By  direction  of  Maj.  F.  U.  Farquhar,  then  Chief  Astronomer  of  tho 
Commission,  I  left  Washington  on  tho  1st  of  August,  for  Pembina,  Dak., 
charged  with  the  safe  transportation  of  all  the  instruments  for  the  survey, 
contained  in  thirty-two  boxes.  Mr.  Lewis  Boss,  assistant  astronomer, 
accompanied  me.  Our  route  was  via  New  York  and  Buffalo,  by  steamer 
through  the  lakes  to  Duluth,  and  thence  to  Pembina  by  rail  and  boat     Wo 


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■Jtirtiii  ill  Till 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


33a 


arrived  at  Fort  Pembina  on  the  17th  of  August,  with  the  instruments  in 
good  order,  and  began  observations  with  tlio  sextant  and  chronometers  to 
establish  an  .approximate  latitude  and  longitude  for  the  initial  point  of  the 
survey.  The  rest  of  the  commission  arrived  overland  on  the  5th  of  Septem- 
ber, and  the  regular  work  of  the  season  was  then  begun.  While  encamped 
on  the  Red  River,  I  made  a  topographical  survey  with  theodolite  and  chain 
of  the  Red  River,  from  the  boundary-line  to  a  point  five  and  a  half  miles 
south  of  it.  This  was  done  mider  Captain  Gregory's  direction,  between 
the  10th  and  20th  of  September.  On  the  departure  of  the  commissioner 
and  other  officers  of  the  commission  for  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  October  2, 
I  was  left  at  Pembina  with  a  p.arty  of  twenty-five  men,  with  instructions 
from  Major  Farquhar  to  trace  a  tangent  line  eastward  until  I  niet  a  British 
party  coming  west.  By  the  Cth  of  November  I  had  reached  the  Roseau 
River,  thirty-three  miles  from  Pembina,  without  seeing  any  signs  of  a  Brit- 
ish party,  and  on  the  9th  I  received  an  order  from  Major  Farquhar  to  return 
at  once  to  Pembina.  There  I  reported  to  Captain  Gregorj',  and  returned 
to  the  States  with  him.  In  the  office  at  Detroit,  during  the  winter  of  1872- 
'73,  the  topographical  work  of  the  summer  was  plotted  and  drawn. 

SEASON   OF   1873. 

The  organization  for  this  j-ear  comprised  a  tangent  party  and  two 
lopogi'aphical  parties,  under  Mr.  F.  Von  Schrader  (succeeded  in  September 
by  Mr.  C.  L.  Doolittle)  and  Mr.  A.  Downing,  in  all  about  fifty  men.  Mr. 
L.  Chauvenet  acted  as  recorder  and  conqiuter  for  azinnilh  observations, 
and,  owing  to  the  pressure  of  topographical  work,  a  stadia  party  was  organ- 
ized for  him.  From  September  1  to  October  13  I  was  accom])anied  by  an 
escort  of  twenty-five  cavalrv-men  under  command  of  Lieut.  R.  II.  L.  Alex- 
ander, Seventh  Cavahy.  W>  h'  •  au  work  at  Pembina  on  the  8th  of  June, 
and  continued  it  without  interruption  intil  the  3d  of  October;  over  two 
weeks  (9th  to  2,')th  August)  having  been  devoted  to  cutting  a  sight-line  in 
Turtle  Mountain.  On  the  3d  of  October  we  were  at  the  British  astronom- 
ical station,  three  hundred  and  eighty-four  miles  from  Pembina,  with  tho 
geodetic  and  topographical  work  completed  up  to  that  point.  The  lateness 
of  the  season  and  scantiness  of  supplies  on  hand   precluded  the  idea  of 


' 


ii: 


334 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


finishing  the  topography  of  the  twenty-four  miles  intervenin;^  between  us 
and  Captain  Gregory's  most  westerly  station,  and  on  the  4th  of  October  I 
turned  eastward.  At  the  supply  depot  on  the  Mouse  River  I  found,  Octo- 
ber 13,  your  letter  directing  me  to  follow  on  to  Fort  Tottcn.  I  took  a  route 
along  the  Mouse  River  on  its  southern  bend,  in  order  to  make  a  reconnais- 
sance of  its  course.  Leaving  this  river  after  it  had  turned  to  the  north,  I 
struck  eastwardly,  across  the  burnt  prairies  and  salt  lakes,  for  Fort  Totten, 
reaching  that  post  October  22.  On  the  24th,  yourself  and  the  astronomical 
parties  left  for  Fort  Seward  and  the  States,  and  on  the  25th  I  left  for  Fort 
Pembina,  under  your  instructions,  to  complete  the  survey  of  the  boundary 
between  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Red  River.  During  the  winter,  Mr, 
0.  S.  Wilson  was  assigned  to  me  as  recorder  and  computer,  in  place  of  Mr. 
Chauvenet.  A  full  account  of  this  winter's  work  will  be  given  in  another 
place. 

We  reached  Fort  Pembina  on  the  29th  of  October,  and  returned  there, 
on  the  completion  of  the  survey,  on  the  .Oth  of  February,  1874.  About 
half  of  the  men  were  discharged  here,  and  with  the  balance  I  marched  to 
Breckenridge,  and  there  took  the  cars  to  Saint  Paul,  where  the  parties  were 
disbanded  on  the  ICth  Feln-uary.  On  the  20th  of  February  I  reported  to 
you  in  the  ofiice  at  Detroit,  with  my  assistants  and  records. 

Before  leaving  Pembina  I  sent  Foreman  Kennedy,  with  three  men  and 
two  dog-sleds,  to  Turtle  Mountain,  to  construct  the  mounds  which  we  had 
been  obliged  to  leave  unbuilt  during  the  summer,  the  Uritish  cutting  not 
being  completed  until  October  5.  They  performed  this  service,  and  reached 
Saint  Paul  March  5. 

The  office- work,  at  Detroit,  was  continued  from  March  1  to  June  1, 
1874.  Jlr.  Doolittlo  and  Mr.  Wilson  were  engaged  in  adjusting  the  stadia- 
lines;  Mr.  E.  J[ahlo  and  Mr.  V.  T.  McGillycuddy  in  ])lotting  and  diaught- 
ing.  Mr.  Downing  was  obliged  by  private  business  to  leave  the  survey  from 
March  to  November,  1874.  During  our  absence  in  the  field  the  following 
summer  Mr.  Mahlo  was  left  in  the  office  engaged  in  draughting. 


REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B.  335 

SEASON  OF   1S71. 

The  organization  for  this  year  comprised  a  tangent-party,  three  topo- 
grapliical  parties,  under  Messrs.  Doolittle,  McGillycuddy,  and  Wilson  (in 
addition  to  tlie  latter's  duties  as  recorder),  and  a  party  of  mound-buildors — 
in  all,  counting  scouts  and  teamsters,  about  seventy  men.  Mr.  B.  Vitzthum 
was  attached  to  my  party  as  draughtsman.  The  escort,  under  command  of 
Capt.  E.  R.  Ames,  consisted  of  Companies  E  and  I,  Sixth  Infantry,  and 
twelve  Indian  scouts.  Tho  greater  part  of  E  Company  was  detached  Au- 
gust 1.  Tho  various  working-parties  and  their  escorts  left  Fort  13uford  on 
tho  21st  of  July,  following  tho  Benton  trail  up  tho  Missouri.  On  tho  2fith 
my  parties  and  escort  left  the  main  column  near  the  mouth  of  Poplar  River 
and  struck  northward  along  that  stream.  At  the  principal  forks  I  detached 
Messrs.  Doolittle  and  McGillycuddy,  with  their  parties  and  a  small  escort, 
to  follow  and  reconnoiter  the  west  fork,  myself,  with  the  other  parties,  fol- 
lowing tho  east  fork.  The  east  fork  brought  us,  June  29,  to  Lieutenant  Gal- 
wey's  station,  where  we  had  concluded  work  in  1873,  and  tho  next  day  I 
moved  on  to  Captain  Gregory's  station  on  tho  west  fork,  where  Mr.  Doolittle 
arrived  tho  day  after. 

On  tho  1st  of  July  the  regular  work  of  the  season  was  begun  at  four 
hundred  and  eight  miles  from  Pembina  (the  topography  at  three  hundred 
and  eighty-four  miles)  and  it  was  carried  on  without  interruption  until  Au- 
gust 18,  when  I  arrived  at  your  camp  on  Chief  Mountain  Lake  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  seven  hundred  and  fifty-eight  miles  from  Pembina;  the  geodetic 
work  was  completed  to  that  point,  and  the  topographical  and  mound  parties 
were  a  short  distance  behind. 

The  country  beyond  being  impracticable  for  wagons,  you  directed  mo 
to  fit  out  a  pack-train,  in  order  to  reach  tho  monument  placed  on  the  summit 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains  by  the  Northwest  Boundary  Commission  in  18G0. 
We  left  Chief  Mountain  Lake  on  the  20th,  and  reached  Akamina  Station, 
near  the  summit,  on  the  23d,  the  distance  being  over  forty  miles  by  the 
trail,  although  only  seven  in  a  direct  line.  Mr.  Wilson  carried  a  stadia-line 
from  Chief  Mountain  Lake  over  the  divide,  by  tho  Kootenay  Pass,  and 
connected  it  on  known  points  of  the  British  traverse  caniod  ivlong  the 
KIshenehn  Valley  to  Akamina  Station,  in  1860.     This  connected  the  sum- 


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UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


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mit-monument  with  that  on  Chief  Mountain  Lake.  After  completing  the 
trianguhition  about  the  summit  I  returned  to  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  August 
28,  and  devoted  the  following  day  to  locating  the  peaks  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. August  30  we  began  the  return  march,  and  reached  the  supply- 
depot  at  the  Sweetgrass  Hills  September  2.  Here  my  escort  was  relieved. 
On  the  Slst  of  August,  at  the  British  Astronomical  Station  near  Chief 
Mountain,  I  niet  Mr.  Doolittlo,  and  joining  to  his  party  that  of  the  moiind- 
builders,  making  their  total  strength  about  twenty  men,  I  directed  him  to 
follow  and  reconnoiter  the  "  Riplinger  Road,"  skirting  the  base  of  the 
mountains,  to  the  Blackfoot  agency  on  the  Teton  River ;  thence  to  march 
to  Benton,  via  Fort  Shaw.  He  reached  Fort  Benton,  without  accident,  on 
the  9th  of  September.  I  picked  up  Mr.  McGillycuddy's  paity  at  the  Sweet- 
grass  Hills,  and  with  it  and  the  tangent-party,  about  thirty  men  in  all,  I 
started,  September  4,  due  south,  through  the  Piegan  and  Blackfoot  country, 
for  Fort  Shaw,  an-iving  there  September  8.  The  object  of  taking  this  route 
was  to  re(  onnoiter  the  country,  and,  principally,  to  run  a  meridian-line  to 
Fort  ShaNv  for  longitude  purposes.  This  line  was  traced  partly  by  Mr. 
Wilson  and  partly  by  myself  From  Fort  Shaw  we  marched  to  Fort  Ben- 
ton, where  I  reported  to  you  September  1 1 .  The  next  day  the  whole  Com- 
mission began  the  boat-journey  down  the  Missouri.  During  this  journey  I 
had  charge  of  the  survey  of  the  river,  making  the  astronomical  observations 
myself  Messrs.  DooHttle  and  McGillycuddy  relieved  each  other  in  taking 
compass-bearings  and  sketches.  We  reached  Bismarck,  Dak.,  on  October  1 . 
The  office-work  was  resumed  on  the  1st  of  November,  at  Washington,  and 
has  been  carried  on,  uninterruptedly,  to  this  date.  Messrs.  Doolittle  and 
Wilson  reduced  the  stadia-readings  and  adjusted  the  co-ordinates  of  the 
topographical-surveys  between  November  1,  1874,  and  April  1, 187.5.  The 
series  of  preliminary  maps  was  finished  October  1, 1875;  photo-lithographic 
copies  were  made  of  each  sheet  as  soon  as  it  was  finished.  The  series  of 
final  maps  was  commenced  August  1,  1875,  and  finished  April  If),  187G. 
The  series  of  reconnaissance  maps  was  begun  November  1,  1874,  and  fin- 
ished February  1,  187G.  Special  tracings  of  various  sheets  have  been 
made  from  time  to  time.  The  ofiice-force  has  usually  compri.sed  eight 
draughtsmen. 


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UEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B.  337 

SEASON    OF    1875. 

You  directed  mo  to  proceed  to  Fort  Shaw  and  make  certain  observa- 
tions there.  I  left  Washington  June  30,  and,  proceeding  by  way  of  Salt 
Lake,  reached  Fort  Shaw  July  11.  I  remained  there  ten  days,  and  made 
an  extended  scries  of  azimuth-observations  on  the  meridian-line  of  1874,  of 
latitude-observations  with  the  sextant  at  Fort  Shaw,  and  a  triangulation  to 
connect  the  meridian,  and  consequently  the  boundary-surveys,  with  Fort 
Shaw  and  the  land-surveys.     I  arrived  in  Washington,  on  my  return,  on 

September  3. 

/Summary  nfjield-irork. 


IS 

B 
W 


Number  of  azimuth  Rtntions 

Number  or  lutitiule  ob8crvatiou8(i«cxtant) 

Number  of  timo  obBcrvations  (sextant) 

Miles  uf  taUKent  lineH 

Miles  of  timber  cnttiiiR 

Nu  niber  of  uioun<lB  built 

Miles  of  topoffraphicul  lines  (stadiu) 

Miles  of  reconnuissaDcc  lines  (compass) 

Miles  of  Missouri  River  travel  udiI  reconnniHsauco . 
Miles  of  march  betweou  camps 


15 

14 

104 

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198 

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898 

807 

a,  50;? 


This  seems  to  be  an  appropriate  place  to  acknowledge  my  indebted- 
ness to  the  assistants  who  liave  been  associated  with  me,  and  to  the  officers 
who  have  commanded  my  escorts. 

Messrs.  C.  L  Doolittle,*  O.  S.  Wilson,  and  A.  Downing,  have  been  with 
me  in  the  office  and  field  for  more  than  two  years,  including  the  winter 
campaign  in  tlie  swamps  around  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  To  them  I  owe 
my  most  cordial  thanks  for  their  unremitting  labors,  the  excellent  character 
of  their  work,  and  their  cheerful  and  ready  compliance  with  all  instructions, 
involving  no  matter  what  hardship.  Mr.  F.  von  Schradei*t  was  the  principal 
topographical  assistant  in  1872  and  part  of  1873,  and  rendered  excellent 
service;  as  did  also  Dr.  V.  T.  McGillycuddyJ  in  1874.     Mr.  L.  Chauvenet 

•  Now  Professor  of  Mathcmuties  and  Astronomy  at  Lebigh  University,  Penn- 
sylvania. 

tNow  Second  Lieutenant  Twelfth  Infantry,  United  States  Army. 
X  Since  TopoRrapher  of  the  Black  Hills  Expedition,  1875. 
N  B 22 


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UNITliD  STATES  NORTIJBKN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


was  recorder  in   1873,  and  showed  <Trcat  aptitude  for  his  work,  although 
somewhat  embarrassed  by  hu'k  of  experience  and  by  ill  health. 

In  the  oflice,  in  addition  to  Mesfirs.  SIcGillicuddy  and  Downing,  the 
draughtsmen  have  been  Messrs.  K.  Jlahlo,  A.  A.  Aguirrc',  A.  von  Haake,  A. 
Pohlers,  and  II.  S.  Ilebard,  all  of  whom  rendered  good  service.  Messrs.  B. 
Vitzthum  and Penny  were  also  emploj-ed  for  short  periods. 

With  the  officers  of  the  escorts  my  relations  were  always  of  the  most 
cordial  nature,  and  although  usually  superior  to  n»e  in  rank,  they  never 
failed  to  accede  to  my  requests  in  distributing  their  connnands,  if  they  could 
do  so  without  violating  the  positive  instructions  of  their  own  superiors. 

In  1872,  Capt.  A.  A.  Ilarbach's  companj^  of  the  Twentieth  Infantry 
remained  with  me  when  the  rest  of  the  conmiission  went  to  the  Northw<>s( 
Angle.  We  met  no  Indians  in  the  short  distance  which  wo  penetrated 
eastward,  but  when  we  came  to  an  impassable  swamp,  and  had  to  mal  "  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  of  corduroy-road.  Captain  Harbach  at  once  ordered  out  his 
whole  company  to  a.ssist  in  it. 

From  Juno,  187.^.  to  March,  1874, 1  was  .accompanied  by  an  escort  only 
during  September  and  a  part  of  October.  This  cavalry  detachment  was 
commanded  by  Lieut.  R.  11.  L.  Alexander,  since  deceased,  who  used  every 
effort  to  assist  us. 

In  1874  my  escort  was  considerably  larger,  consisting  nominally  of 
two  companies  of  infantry  and  twelve  Indian  scouts,  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  E.  R.  Ames,  Sixth  Infantry.  I  say  nominally,  because  an  officer 
and  fifteen  men  of  one  of  these  companies  were  left  at  Fort  Buford  to  escort 
the  Commissioner,  and  did  not  rejoin  their  company,  and  at  the  Sweet- 
grass  Hills,  August  1,  the  remainder  of  that  company  was  detached.  Cap- 
tain Ames,  however,  did  everything  in  his  power  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
the  survey,  and  I  feel  the  more  grateful  to  him  as  his  interests  were  entirely 
opposite  to  mine.  It  was  essential  to  the  performance  of  my  work  that  the 
topographical  and  mounding  pai'ties,  three  and  sometimes  four  in  number, 
should  carry  on  their  operations  in  rear  of  my  own  tangent  party,  and 
independently  of  each  other ;  and  as  we  were  in  the  proximity  of  Indians, 
whose  peaceful  and  honest  intentions  were  at  least  oi)en  to  doubt,  it  was 
also  essential  that  these  parties  should  each  have  a  small  escort.     On  tho 


f^mrnw^mrmimvmm 


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t,  \'  iih 


wlli'l'      -•  .■,                                                ,     ,     ,        .     , 

!  -at  (hji  I'vr-t                             '.otit  wivmUf -fi\ 

<-..  ii.l. .-(!..;.• 'w,|ilfi;ijAiiii's<ol  uiy  JiiUM'rioti  oi  ii)nvi»i'i  ;ili(».'ul  llii'  .  ht> 

'^'P'"'''  '  '       ■'fi'XiliJil  ihtn.ctl.d'.s  n-ij'H   J!iii..c  .Ueun  \r,.|f  v»m;\   j-ofiiiivo, 

'.''*'   '  ■    ''!<M;4(.'if  troiij  Itir,  <'('[a(  limriiis  hy  nuni''  tlum  IiU'Jn    iniin;.. 

f'*^^      ^  iiun>  'veiv  <.'tilir(lytiHk\uus, •,:,.,  ,,.     i  .d,  ;i]dii.iig-li  .•(i.(i|.l''lclv 

i'ii.'liu.'  ■,  !".•,, (tai'i  Anns.  |,i!i..Ml  ,r                              :.-iv.al.]('  prKiti-.u.     A 

•i"  ''  '■  •  WM  ♦It.'t.  i\  n   ;  ;\,(,irc.n:i 


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.Hi<i       :.!|.   iMJltid*;      Id 

utli.  I  lijuid,  ii  ,v.iM  t-iily  liy  tlio  u(iui.<t  f.v'.iri.jiif— <.|i,.,i  wujkiii;^'  )■>!•  t^fiiu  - 
tv.n  ■•.HiM-niiivr  !..ti;r>--tj,ui  I  ,  ,„i!t|  kcc].  iln-  Mi.yc-j.js  uii  syJili  itio  aMn.n 
<itn\,  iiii^i  it   1  ^w.^i.■l[  h  m-.-k    'i)i-  fi,<   .l.tarimuMit;,  i.>  v'K.:^.'  uj..  i!kix'  vv,,i,!,i 
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«hMt(  t,i>i.     ..;:■,:  ■■■■I  ■(;  1  f  |,|i^i|  ,,'!  jiliiiii  ,  aiit!   i^f.  I   Uiir         ■.  >   !-'  I.,'  ti,  i  ';,]»■ 

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.i,u  i'lui.  iiM'i  ,it,  -iny  titn,-  p,.H.  ■!  t:/.,.i,i»  ^.;in,  _  ')  In- qiu'stiuii  ni'  Mk-  rHu- 
'^1!-*  n,-t\v,.v(i  ;u.  ..rncer  Mi  .iiiu-jjw  of  ;i  ^urv.-yin!:i-j.;iny  iUi.l  ih.^  »-!}!.:.<  In 
.oJ>  ii-YiKi  of  ii!^  t'M'ort,  is  at  ixj^t  ;i  vfv-ti  uHc,  ;u!<i   |.iu-hciil:ii-l\  f./.  wJir,, 

h*-  ti''>-,.vii)o-olii,Hr.  will)  ui'ifii  in;civ,surly  (iinct  tlic  inov.Miit  nt;-,  Si.  jh»^ 
'■'  '  ^  ""<  ^liiil  ••»  '-«'  •"l''t>  ti'  iH'cnrij    my  i]|)i)rf<i!<ri.>u  at'  H  w- 

»  '  '   ■  ''kIiioss  cxIiiMtHl  l>v  al!  [lie  nttii-- i>  \\U>,  s^.m.-  .sot.*!:  .i  *v.ii,  m.?. 


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Iwfi 

I 

KliPOKT  OF  THE  CUIEF  ASTRONOMliU,  APPENDIX  B. 


:]3y 


s»*^ 


■'1'  .■ 


■* 


other  hand,  Captain  Ames  naturally  desired  to  keep  his  companies  together 
for  discipline,  supply,  and  defense.  lie,  liowever,  yielded  to  my  requests, 
and  sent  a  detachment,  with  a  non-commissioned  olKcer  and  a  scout,  with 
each  party,  until  he  soon  found  his  force  reduced  to  fifteen  men,  and  the 
main  body  of  the  escort  was  over  one  hundred  miles  away,  and  its  exact 
whereabouts  unknown.  Wo  wei'o  in  this  condition  on  the  18th  of  July,  my 
])arties  being  spread  out  over  a  distance  of  about  seventy -five  miles,  when, 
on  informing  Captain  Ames  of  my  intention  of  moving  ahead  the  next  da}',  he 
replied  that  his  original  instructions  from  Major  Keno  were  very  jjositive, 
not  to  separate  himself  from  his  detachments  by  more  than  forty  miles. 
These  instructions  were  entirely  unknown  to  me,  and,  although  completel}' 
binding  on  Captain  Ames,  jdaced  me  in  a  very  disagreeable  position.  A 
large  band  of  Assiniboines  had  been  encamped,  only  a  few  days  previous, 
in  the  very  locality  where  we  then  were  (Astronomical  Station  No.  28),  and 
the  mail-rider  had  been  chased  almost  into  cimp,  only  the  day  before,  by 
a  party  of  Yai:kton  Sioux;  so  that  I  was  taking  considerable  risk  in  going- 
ahead  with  my  party  containing  only  fifteen  carbines,  and  attempting  to 
work  on  a  tangent  twenty  miles  long,  without  any  escort  in  camp.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  was  only  by  the  utmost  exertions — often  working  for  twenty- 
two  consecutive  hours — that  I  could  keep  the  t.iiigents  iij)  with  the  astron- 
omy, and  if  1  waited  a  week  for  the  detachments  to  close  up,  there  would 
be  another  one  hundred  miles  between  Captain  (Gregory  and  myself  1 
therefore  determined  to  push  on  alone,  and  after  bidding  good-bye  to  Cap- 
tain Ames  the  next  morning,  saw  no  more  of  him  for  ten  days. 

I  can  only  repeat  that  CapUiin  Ames  sacrificed  his  ])ersonal  inclinations, 
and  did  everything  in  his  jjowc.  to  assist  tuu  progress  of  the  survey,  but 
tiiat  his  force  was  inadequate  and  iiis  instructions  too  circumscdbed  to  have 
alli>wed  him  to  materially  aid  us  in  case  the  I'.idiair-,  who  hovered  about 
onr  trail,  had  at  any  time  proved  troublesome.  The  (piestion  of  the  rela- 
tions between  an  oilicer  in  charge  of  a  surveying-party  and  the  officer  in 
command  of  his  escort,  is  at  best  a  vexed  one,  and  particularly  so  when 
the  surveying-officer,  wlio  must  necessarily  di.ect  the  movements,  is  the 
junior,  and  1  am  glad  to  be  able  to  record  my  ar,;M'eciation  of  the  forbear- 
ance and  kindness  exhibited  iiv  all  the  officers  who  were  d.,t;»'led  with  me. 


I      1 


I 


i 


340 


UNITED  STATES  NOR.rHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


On  my  journey  from  tho  Sweet-grass  Hills  to  Benton  via  Fort  Shaw, 
I  was  also  without  an  escort,  my  party  numbering  twenty-five  men  and 
fifteen  carbines.  Wo  passed  through  the  country  of  the  Blackfeet  and 
Piegar.s,  and  withir?  a  few  miles  of  the  spot  where  the  latter  were  so  terribly 
punished  by  Major  Baker,  in  1870.  These  Indians  followed  us,  and  onco 
accosted  the  men  at  the  rear  target,  but  they  did  not  molest  us  in  any  way. 

In  closing  these  acknowledgments,  I  wish  to  record  my  thanks  to  Capt. 
L.  Wheaton  and  Maj.  J.  E.  Yard,  successively  in  command,  and  Lieut.  Paul 
Harwood,  Twentieth  Infantry,  post  quartermaster  at  Fort  Pembina,  who 
during  the  summer  of  1872,  and  the  winter  of  1873  and  '74,  constantly 
extended  favors  to  us.  And  I  particularly  wish  to  express  my  gratitude  to 
Gen.  John  Gibbon,  commanding,  and  Lieut.  J.  W.  Jacobs,  Seventh  Infantry, 
quartermaster  at  Fort  Shaw.  In  1874, 1  was  a  day  and  a  half,  and  in  1875 
ten  days,  at  their  post;  during  which  I  was  constantly  the  recipient  of  their 
private  hospitality  as  Avell  as  their  official  courtesy.  Being  .nlone  in  1875, 
I  was  entirely  dependent  on  them  for  men  and  transportation  to  assist  in 
the  work  I  had  to  do,  and  these  were  furnished  most  kindly  and  cheerfully. 

To  the  officers  at  Fort  Buford  I  am  also  indebted  for  many  favors,  but 
as  I  was  only  there  at  the  same  time  as  yourself,  your  acknowledgments 
naturally  supersede  mine. 


i 


CHAPTEE    I. 

GEODETJO   CONNECTIONS. 

The  geodetic  operations  were  those  necessary  to  establish  and  mark 
the  49th  parallel  of  north  latitude,  in  the  intervals  between  astronomical 
stations,  which  were  about  twenty  miles  apart. 

There  are  two  methods  of  tracing  a  curved  line — one  by  means  of 
chords,  and  the  other  by  tangents  and  offsets  The  latter  method  was  ex- 
clusively employed  on  this  survey.  A  tangent-line  (tangent  to  prime  ver- 
tical great  circle  at  initial  point)  was  prolonged  on  the  surface  of  the  earth 
from  the  meridian  of  one  astronomical  station  to  the  meridian  of  the  next, 
and  on  each  meridian  was  measured  the  distance  from  the  tangent  to  the 
astronomical  determination  of  the  parallel.  By  the  use  of  proper  geodetic 
formulae  the  relative  positions  of  the  two  stations  were  determined,  and  the 
difference  between  the  geodetic  and  astronomical  determinations,  including 
the  errors  of  both,  was  taken  as  the  "  Station-error."  The  astronomical 
determinations  were  regarded  as  an  absolute  standaiJ,  and  the  station-error 
was  distributed  between  the  stations  in  direct  ratio  to  the  distance.  To  fix 
intermediate  points  of  the  parallel,  meridional  offsets  were  measured  from 
the  tangent,  and  the  proportional  part  of  the  station-en-or  was  included  in 
tliese  offsets. 

I'he  successive  steps  in  these  operations  were; 

1.  Azimuth-obseivations  at  initial  point. 

2.  Tracing  the  tangent-line  on  the  ground. 

3.  Azimuth-observations  at  terminal  point. 

4.  Deducing  the  station-error  and  computing  the  offsets  for  mounds  on 
forty-ninth  parallel. 

5.  Construction  of  the  mounds. 

The  results  of  these  observations  are  given  in  full  in  the  details  of  the 
tangents. 

m 


!    ::i 


in 


I 


342 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION 


1.  Azimuth-observations. — The  instrument  used  was  a  transit-theodolite, 
made  by  Wilham  Wiirdemann,  of  Washington.  The  horizontal  limb,  eight 
inches  in  diameter,  was  divided  to  10',  and  read  to  10"  by  two  verniers; 
vertical  limb  (used  jirincipally  as  a  finder)  was  four  inches  diameter,  divided 
to  20',  and  read  to  1'  by  single  vernier.  The  spindles  of  the  instrument 
were  of  steel,  all  the  other  i)arts  of  brass.  There  were  three  foot-screws, 
a  circular  level  between  the  standards,  and  striding-level  for  the  axis  of  tel- 
escope. All  tangent-screws  worked  against  springs,  which  was,  I  think,  a 
serious  defect.  The  telescope  was  of  one  and  one-half  inches  aperture,  and 
sixteen  inches  focal  length,  eye-piece  magni'  i'^-^  t"'enty-five  times.  A  45° 
prism,  fitting  in  a  slot  in  front  of  the  oye-picf  vered  the  purpose  of  a 

diagonal  eye-piece.  The  tripod  consisted  of  thri  ilouble  legs  supporting 
a  solid  block  of  wood  two  inches  thick.  This  instrument  was  mounted  in 
the  meridian  of  the  astronomical  station,  and  as  near  as  convenient  to  the 
mound  marking  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  An  approximate  azimuth  of  90° 
was  then  turned  off,  from  any  data  available,  and  on  this  direction  was 
placed  a  bull's-eye  lantern,  firmly  fixed  to  a  small  post.  It  was  at  first  cus- 
tomary to  inclose  the  lantern  in  a  box,  but  tliis  was  found  unnecessary,  for 
the  lantern  was  generally  at  a  distance  of  two  miles  from  the  instrument, 
and  at  that  distance  the  image  of  the  light  was  about  the  same  as  that  of  a 
second  magnitude  star.  The  true  astronomical  azimuth  of  the  direction  oi 
this  lamp  was  then  observed.  The  chronometer-error  was  derived  from 
time-observations  with  the  sextant,  taken  in  the  intervals  between  azimuth- 
stars.  An  observing-list  of  these  latter  stars  was  prepared  for  each  month, 
giving  the  magnitude,  azimuth,  altitude,  and  chronometer  time  of  elongation 
for  each  star.  The  nietho(Ls  of  observing  culminations  above  and  below  the 
pole,  and  Polaris  at  any  liour-ungle,  were  both  tried,  but  did  not  give  such 
good  nisults  as  a  series  of  observations  near  the  time  of  greatest  elongation. 
The  stars  most  convenient,  in  July  and  August,  were  /?  and  ;',  Cephci,  and 
Polaris,  eastern  elongation,  and  ^  and  ;'-,  Ursaj  Minoris,  western  elongatiim. 
z/  and  A,  Ursaj  Minoris,  and  51  Cephei,  although  nuicii  nearer  to  the  pole, 
were  not  used,  because  the  telescope  did  not  define  stars  below  the  fourth 
magnitude  with  sufficient  accuracy.  The  method  used  was  to  take  five  point- 
ings on  the  mark,  then  five  on  the  star,  the  time  being  noted  for  each;  then 


1 


BEPORT  OF  THE  CBIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


343 


revolve  the  instrument  180°  in  azimuth,  and  take  five  more  readings  on  the 
star,  followed  by  five  on  the  mark.  To  each  reading  on  the  star  was  applied 
a  differential  azimuth-correction,  due  to  the  interval  of  time  from  elonga- 
tion. The  mean  of  the  corrected  results,  with  the  mean  reading  on  the  mark, 
gave  the  result  for  that  star.  Five  stars  observed  in  this  manner,  and  in  dil- 
ferent  parts  of  the  divided  arc,  constituted  a  good  durermination,  although 
three  were  considered  sufficient.  The  azimuth  resulting  from  each  indi- 
vidual reading  was  also  computed,  and  these  were  treated  in  the  usual 
manner  (after  applying  a  coilimation  correction)  to  obtain  the  probable 
error  of  the  mean.  This  varied  from  dhO".8  to  ±4".0  at  a  station,  with  a 
mean  of  ±l"-8.  The  average  range  of  forty  individual  observations  was 
57".3.  With  tangent-screws  working  in  ball-and-socket  joints,  this  range 
can  probably  bo  reduced  one-half  Level-corrections  were  at  one  time 
applibd,  but  were  soon  given  uj),  in  the  belief  that  they  only  introduced 
additional  error.  The  length  of  the  striding-level  was  only  six  indios,  and 
the  value  of  one  division  over  4".  A  sliglit  inaccuracy  in  the  grinding  of 
the  glass  would  introduce  large  errors,  and  the  behavior  of  the  level  showed 
such  inaccuracies.  Hence  the  instrument  was  carefully  leveled  before 
each  set,  and  examined  afterward,  in  both  positions  of  the  axis.  If  it  had 
been  disturbed  in  level  during  the  observations,  they  were  rejected. 
The  following  fonnuhe  were  employed : 

Af  =  Azinuith  of  star  at  elongation. 

(p   =  Latitude  of  station. 

a    =.  Right  ascension  of  star. 

6    =:  Declination  of  star. 

1\  =.  Cln'onometer  time  of  elongation. 

r    rr  Difference  between  observed  time  and  T,. 

p    :=.  Reduction  to  elongation. 

+  fast. 
—  slow. 

S  —  east. 
\  -}-  west. 


E  =:  Chronometer-error 

L    =r  Hour  an<rle  at  elongation 


,       tan '/'  ^  ,,  .     .       cos  6 

cos  t,  =z ^  ?;  =  «  ±  ^  ±  i  sill  A,  = 


tan  6 


cos  'P 


2  sin'*  ^  T 
■  ~^ml"~ 


tan  A,. 


!'i 


344 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Tho  value  of 


^1 


2  sin'  ^  r 
sin  1" 


is  given  in  the  usual  tables  for  "reduction  to  the  meridian."  I  deem  it  only- 
proper  to  add  that  this  method  was  derived  from  the  Coast  Survey  Manual 
by  Mr.  C.  A.  Schott,  published  in  Appondix  11  to  the  Report  for  18fi6. 
This  is  tlie  only  publication  I  know  of  in  the  English  language  Avhere  the 
subject  of  azimuths  is  treated  at  any  length. 

2.  Tracing  tlie  tangent-Une. — After  finding  the  true  azimuth  of  the  mark, 
it  was  a  simple  matter  to  find  a  point  of  the  prime  vertical  near  it;  the 
required  meridional  distance  being  the  tangent  of  the  angle  equal  to  270° 
or  90°  minus  the  observed  azimuth,  for  a  radius  equal  to  the  distance  from 
instrument  to  mark.  A  stout  picket  was  driven  and  the  point  of  the  tangent 
was  marked  upon  it  with  a  pencil  point;  with  this  and  the  point  of  obser- 
vation, the  direction  was  established,  and  the  line  was  prolonged  to  the 
next  station.  In  1872,  with  the  idea  of  avoiding  en'ors  duo  to  error  of 
collimation,  the  method  employed  was  that  of  two  front-sights,  i.  e.  the  two 
targets  were  always  in  front  of  the  instrument,  the  more  distant  being 
aligned  with  the  one  nearer.  This  method  was  found  to  work  very  badly 
in  practice.  A  little  reflection  will  sliow  that  in  passing  over  even  a  small 
hill  it  was  necessary  to  take  very  sliort  sights,  sometimes  as  short  as  fifty 
feet.  At  fifty  feet  an  error  of  three-hundredths  of  an  inch  subtends  an  arc 
c"  '  'uid  this,  at  a  mile,  gives  an  error  of  three  feet.  From  these  causes 
the  tangent  of  1872,  which  was  thirty-three  miles  in  length,  was  found  to 
have  an  azimuth  error  at  its  extremity  of  7'  44".  It  was  therefore  entirely 
rejected,  and  retraced.  After  1872  a  different  method  was  pursued,  viz, 
the  method  of  back  and  fore  sights,  collimation-errors  being  cut  out  by 
taking  the  mean  of  two  pointings  in  reversed  positions  of  the  axis.  With 
this  method  tho  average  azimuth  error  at  the  terminal  points  was  28".7. 
Into  this  determination  enter  the  local  errors  due  to  deflection  of  plumb, 
and  actual  errors  of  observation  at  both  ends  of  tho  line.  If  wo  take  tho 
whole  line  to  have  been  in  error  by  14".;*,  the  deviation  of  the  tangent,  at 
tho  end  of  twenty  miles,  will  average  nine  and  a  half  feet.  This  shows  at 
once  the  superiority  of  tho  method  by  back  and  fore  sights.     The  same 


NDARY     COMMISSION 


X\PvGETS 


USED  !N 


TRACING   TANGENTS 
liFUT  F.  V  Greene. u.s.tiMC"? 


"»»   t     t»  t    -  I   .nr 


iHli 


sin  I'' 

in  given  in  tlio  usu.'i,!  taltKs  (or  "rediirdon  to  the  nn'ridian."  I  det^ni  h  uu;. 
[iroper  to  jwld  that  th's  melhod  was  derived  from  tho  Coast  Survey  Mrinual 
by  Mr.  C.  A.  Schott,  )utl^!i:^li<ii  ia  Appendix  ".  1  to  tb0  Roport  fnr  18f)(j. 
This  is  tln^  only  !•'   '  '.iw  of  jn  ♦!  ':,   '  where  the 


vil  vnm\liomil  i- m>g',»' wi'i?:*!  K»  270'' 

a."  5*''    luiiitis  th<'  (>h«*.'r».  .ir  i  v,-^iias  erjiuil  to  the  di-itajicf'  froui 

iniiiruxitfiit  to  lutirk  A  ^.f-  ji  j^.  kxr.i  w»s  dn'ven  iiufl  the  p(nnt  of  th.'  tan^tnit 
w:x%  luavkvid  upon  It  with  a  j)onci!  po'iif;  with  rhio  nnd  the  point.  ..P  ob'i^r- 
vaii(>:i,  tlie  dir 'ction  was  fstahli.jhou,  uad  tiie  duo  was  prolou  '^■d  to  tao 
next  statiun.  tn  I'^T'J.  w'fh  t]if>  idi'a  of  a\OMlijn.f  tirrors  duo  to  error  ot 
uoiliru'ttiim,  he  nn-tli'td  i-niphivr-d  was*  thnt  of  tvvn  front-.i;. !it3,  i.i'.  tho  two 
t^m-.m   ^yi-r-  in   i\>.  .■*  insir-miH  ui,  t?*>    niim-  distant   hi'.inor 

« 

aliif'  Uh-.  .'utvn-.Mrt'r,      »  njs  nit-tho.'  '.i  aa  fiti-.i'  rk  s<;t- 

inpi;u'i.,L      A  littK:  u-thi  ri.j-i  »v-'U  ^iliviv  ,   .i 

hill,  it  was  noc<  swiryjo  i.d.:  \v.i\    ■:•   .-  ,  ,i,  !.:i«- 

foot.  At  fifty  tVct  iDi  ■(•rv-or  uf  !!.  ■ 
of  2',  and  this,  at  a  niih.',  ;;-!ve3  an  ■  no^ 
thf  tanjjeut  of  1872,  uhiih  \va«  Jiirtv  .' 
have  an  azimuth  oiTor  at  it-*  cxtiv-ni!,  >)»  ,  44  .  It  ^\.ar^  t)si-r"f<>ro  ontirolv 
I'i'jert'.'d,  and  rffra.ed.  After  )f:T'i  n  ujiiciotil  niethc*rt  w. >  inn-uif!.  ^h 
thf!  ini'thtvi  of  bncJi  ;iud    fori!  siirhis,  (.rollinuitinn-tfiro);*  lioiii""  i' n   ..at   b\ 


..nd-.  lui  an" 
I  th'';io  I vtuses 


''in  h'iii,''th,  was  fcund  t' 


t^^'s;!'.''  thu  moan  <»f  Uvo  polniiiiir:^  it!  rcversf'l  ini< 

!  >.i^   tl)(»  ?i,verugu  axirtnitti   error  at  th'' 

'■  .un  i'Utcr  tho  hwxl  ■-■ 

and  u<  t'.  'bi^fr'.'a'l i»t> 

wholo  ii.-i';  .. 

the  ond  ot  tm  ■■■:■■   ■..:■:,    \ : 

once  tiio  Siipttriority  of  the    ..  ;.._.  ^;.. .'.   ,  .. 


- 1"^. 

W 

Itf 

.r 

'.!*' 

1. 

■f  Il„ 


V'  T\'e  01.1^1  tho 

ihe  t;.!,'^i.-iit,  at 
;  Thici  sh'.nva  at 
.ghts.     'Jliu  suno 


LS. NORTHERN  BOUNDARY    COMMISSION. 


USED  IN 

TRACING  TANGENTS 

devised   hy 

Lieut  F.  V.  Greene, u.senc"' 


SCALt  1  INCH  -   1  FOOT 


J-  OO 


* --- 


^±^:^ 


Hjgra**^' 


H 


1 1i 


I  I 


UEPOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


;i45 


instrument,  was  used  for  tracing  the  tangent  as  for  azimuth  observations, 
and  the  objects  sighted  on  were  two  targets,  one  in  front  and  one  in  roar. 
Their  shape  is  shown  in  these  drawings.  The  legs  of  the  tripod  were  fast- 
ened to  a  triangular  brass  casting,  similar  to  that  used  on  theodolites,  and 
this  casting  was  firmly  attached  to  the  under  side  of  the  stand  A.  This 
stand  was  made  of  oak,  24"  long,  6"  wide,  and  1"  thick,  and  was  covered, 
on  the  upper  side  and  edges,  with  a  thin  piece  of  brass.  The  target  B  was 
of  three-eighths  of  an  inch  pine,  strengthened  with  light  iron  braces,  and 
was  fastened  to  a  slide,  C,  of  oak,  tipped  with  brass.  This  slide  embraced 
the  stand  A,  and  moved  freely  along  it,  thus  giving  a  slight  motion  to  the 
target;  and  it  could  be  clamped  in  any  position  by  the  binding-screws  D. 
Through  a  small  hole  in  the  center  of  the  target,  passed  a  cord,  from  which 
was  suspended  a  plumb-bob,  which  could  thus  be  lowered  to  the  stake 
marking  the  line. 

With  favorable  conditions  of  the  atmosphere,  these  targets  have  been 
distinctly  seen  and  aligned  at  a  distance  of  over  six  miles. 

The  rear  target  was  set  up  over  the  point  where  the  instrument  stood 
in  the  azimuth  observations.  The  instrument  was  set  up  over  the  point 
determined  near  the  mark,  and  the  front  target  sent  ahead  with  tlu'ee  men 
provided  with  a  telescope — the  length  of  sight  depended  on  the  nature  of 
the  ground,  but  was  usually  about  three  miles.  The  telescope  was  pointed 
on  the  rear  target,  turned  on  its  axis,  and  the  front  target  ranged  approxi- 
mately into  line.  Then  the  target  was  set  up,  and  slight  lateral  motion 
given  by  the  slide  until  it  was  bisected  by  the  cross-hair.  A  point  was 
then  marked  by  the  plumb-bob  on  a  cross-piece  fixed  to  a  firm  stake.  The 
axis  of  the  telescope  was  then  reversed  by  turning  the  instrument  in  azi- 
muth (owing  to  the  presence  of  dust,  the  telescope  was  never  taken  from  the 
Y').  The  same  operation  was  repeated  and  another  point  determined.  As 
it  was  found  impossible  to  coUimato  inside  of  3",  the  two  points  wer'  ,>v  >ut 
ten  inches  apart  for  a  sight  of  three  miles.  The  point  midway  between 
them  was  taken  as  the  point  of  the  tangent.  The  instrument  and  targets 
were  then  moved  forward  one  station  and  the  same  operations  repeated, 
and  so  on  to  the  terminus  of  the  line.  ]\[uch  time  was  saved  by  using  the 
United  States  Army  code,  supplemented  by  a  few  special  signals.    The  men 


i 


11 

11 

i 


r 


:}4(; 


ITNITKD  rfl\TES  NOHTHKlfN  UOUNDAUY  (COMMISSION. 


quickly  leaniod  tho  Hystem,  and  to  pivvont  any  liability  to  nii.stakt's,  each 
Olio  wan  provided  with  a  printed  card  contaiiiiiijr  the  alpliabit.  'I'lic  (la;j;s 
used  were  of  red  dotli,  nix  foct  square,  and  contaiiiiii<f  n  white  square  in 
tlio  center.  Tlieso  wo'"o  easily  road,  with  a  field-glass  or  small  telescope, 
at  a  distance  of  six  miles  in  ordinary  weather.  The  wcij^ht  of  the  instni- 
inent  precluded  the  idea  of  carrying  it  by  hand,  and  :>.  li^'lit,  two-wluseled 
spring-cart  was  used  ff>r  this  purpose,  and  to  carry  the  siyii.;l-flays,  mcii'st 
lunches,  &c.  Occasionally,  also,  the  men  at  the  front  target  were  carried 
ill  a  two-horso  wagon,  thus  saving  a  great  deal  of  time.  With  these  fav<ir- 
ablo  circumstances  as  much  as  eighteen  miles  of  tangonl  lias  been  traced 
in  a  single  day.  Tho  most  favorable  statu  of  the  weather  for  this  work  was 
a  cloudy  Any,  or  failing  that,  the  hour  just  before  and  after  suir'ise,  and  the 
tliroo  hours  before  sunset.  Between  10  a.  m.  and  l)  p  m.,  on  bright  days, 
the  radiation  and  reflection  of  heated  air  from  the  surface  of  the  ground 
caused  such  a  dancing  of  the  images  in  the  telescope  as  often  to  necessitate 
an  entire  stoppage  of  tho  work  xintii  later  in  the  afternoon.  A  slight  breeze* 
dimiiiishod  this  disturbance,  and  a  strong  wind  removed  it  altogether;  liiit 
this  latter  introduced  other  sources  of  error  by  deflecting  the  telescojie. 
The  only  largo  azimuth-error  in  all  the  tangents  (viz,  1'  49",  on  tangent 
No.  8),  was  due  to  attempting  to  woik  in  a  high  wind — being  very  much 
pressed  for  time.  This  disturbance'  does  not  extend  more  than  thirty  or 
forty  feet  from  tho  ground,  and  hence  gave  but  little  trouble  in  sighting 
over  valleys.  In  a  inouiit;"inous  country  it  is  hardly  noticeable.  The 
chaining  was  carried  along  av  tho  same  time  as  tho  tangent,  the  alignment 
being  corrected  at  every  instrument-station,  and  once  or  twice  between 
them.  The  tallies  Avero  recorded  in  a  book  by  one  of  the  chainmen,  and 
a  small  stake  was  driven  at  every  second  tally  and  marked  with  its  distance 
from  the  initial  point  of  tho  tangent.  The  in.striinient-pickets  were  also 
marked  with  their  distance.  As  I  rode  along  the  tangent  I  examined  flu; 
tally-pickets  to  avoid  the  chance  of  any  error.  In  1872  and  187.'!  I  had 
several  distances,  of  over  ten  miles  in  length,  chained  twice.  The  results 
differed  by  only  six  inches  in  a  mile  at  the  most,  and  it  was,  therefore,  not 
considered  necessary  to  chain  twice  on  level  ground.  What  little  broken 
country  wo  met  was  always  chained  a  second  time.    The  standard  of  length 


f. 


"^^Kt-^- 


>■    :*/ 


*  .  -i 


m*-< 


!fc.*: 


:¥ 


'^:, 


■'i:'l^^j■'^ 


I  if 


'^j^HTf 


w 


;.\,-  ,  M'.  i»  •    Al'liS  N'i:niKi:>  )ni:.yJiAlt\   >'(jMMI.-SI<)N. 

i.iii-i.iv  ''  \'-\i'.,<\   ^lu    -y>»t«'m,   U;j  i  ■  i""f"'.'nt  .nn   ii.i''iiiiv  lo  .^:'.'';i^i  ^.  < . '•'■ 

i!ft»-d  vvvio  of  jroti  rlotli,  Hi.    f,    t   .s  j-i!."'.    imr  f  i'^  s'n'  '•-   :•  \vl!''iv     <;■  .iiv  mi 
il.    f.iU'T.     'I'l  ■    ^•:l^ii.    :■' il'!.    Htli  Jl  lit  1  i-.:l,!v~  <•.■  .-u).^!   n'. ■•>•!■, »  . 

,11,     I  .iUUiH--  .'T    •■:  ,,;  v,   'u  .o-l.:i.   ".     Wi.l     •         'i'!.-   ^\.■■l■;ll'   1.1    i1r«   1.1-iri' 

-  l.ii-.     ,..,:,  ■■     .   ■■  ;                   '     '^'     ''    "■ 

«,  I'l,;  i,,a',''\'.  .ii.-'i.  till    i!i   '•  !!■   iiii^  I     ■  . 

:    ,<  t\    I  'f  .). .;  ^v.l!.  nil,  »)>ii>.  -    >  !i  ^       ;;r' ;  i  i.'-tii  'li    n  ■ 

•i\tU-  CH"  n=.»s'  'V.    «   .  .!       ..       '       a;   .ui- 

:l  .•i.,i:<l;-    ;:..     ,        A.iir:  '  -f<i  r        •        ■■      '■         '       '      "     ''"'    "•.  -"''  '*" 

lil^X'O  ')li>!11  ■    I'.KiV;-   ^5!n'^-t.      ';,  •   .1.    ,    -  <     '  '   ,     :■  •   '      :  l'  ;l.i^ 

ih';    i;ii'ir:::..,.   ;.;..'    .-,-{!■  .^m--.  ..T    .    'V-[  •.-•    1.  i'      r-t    -.a....'     •     .:<     .^^-'i    'I 
.:,i.s.-.|  -iicli    •  KJi^'iiV  of  iIm'  ,ni-^r.-    i.lM't.l<M  .)-ul  ,-n  T'.  i;   '.■>';■;  • 

,;;i  Cu;  iV  -t.  I  ;v^r':  ..f 'tlu   »■•  ik   -I'v'^"  ,;;|.t     i  •    «     't      ' ':    '  !■•       '■  '■''■^l''  ("'«■'•■■•' 

!i.,.    i,,i.tt ;    u'."'"'!*:    -  !  "''    '"■  ■■    ■'   ■       •     •     • 
!i  tl'  ,'■!-..  -    :  :•      '.\   :.         ,:     • 

.    ..-v-r"!    I    ••   linn  .       T'.!  ■    tl'-^'u- .  ■    .         ■  ■•  ■<     '  : 

KnV,   t^i'l   tri'  ;    tin-  ^'v.  i.r..  .,-._a     ,   m^  '       <  .  ' 

(■V  •■  1    ■•  :!li   y  •.      ( .1  "  ";  '    '1  ■  "'  .     ■'  '  '  ■ 

„■  .  >  .■(,•,    ■(  t.' I   .  ,  c . '  !■^   '•'-;!'iii    til    .■     •)!  ■  '    ' 

(,,    ..        ;":»,      :i!lli  -  V.    I-.'  \       ...i  I     ....     ■  •.'•    i   ,    <    ^  '    -    '  ■        I    ' 

r\,  V  .ir       ■  \  ■• .  ••■'■'\  '-'1\   I-  I  •    !>         ■  1       ' 

■    '      If   .  i   ;,-,'.  ill  „    '    •  i     ,: 

111  » 

,,,\-,  >..l  I  ;■  rii    1-  1,  '•   'L'1'i    Ji   •    I  1    »  '■  ■-■" 

■I  li^'"''!' ml  IK  '    >,  .f\  '     '    ■!      '    "  ' 


I         I 

.it,   V    I..;';, 


I. 


U      .  1.11.    . 


1 


; 


rl 


';!!i 


if 


si' 


'If 


:ii 


I     ,! 


1 
'  Jt 


Ik  BbI  ! '. 
^■'9b  -^' 

REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


347 


was  a  box-wood  rod,  tipped  with  brass,  ten  feet  long  and  two  inches  square 
in  cross-section,  made  by  Negus  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  The  chain  was  com- 
pared with  this  for  each  tangent.  We  also  had  one  of  Stackpole's  fifty-feet 
tape-lines,  with  level,  thermometei",  and  spring-balance  adjustments.  This 
instrument  measures  to  within  I  in  100,000,  but  it  was  found  to  require  too 
much  time  for  our  purposes,  and  was  only  used  occasionally  as  a  standard 
of  comparison.  Its  length  always  j'.greed  with  the  wooden  rod.  Our  lon- 
gitudes are  all  deduced  from  the  record  of  the  chaining. 

3.  Azinmth-ohservations  at  the  terminal  point. — There  were  22  tangent- 
lines  in  all  traced  by  myself  On  twelve  of  these,  independent  azimuth- 
observations  were  taken  at  the  terminal  points,  similar  in  every  respect  to 
those  described  above  for  the  initial  points.  On  five  of  the  remainder  the 
azimuth  was  tested  by  a  series  of  angles  connecting  the  tangent  with  some 
line  whose  azimuth  was  carefully  detennined — either  a  British  tangent  or 
astronomical  meridian.  Two  tangents  (Ponibina  and  Turtle  Mountains) 
were  only  a  few  miles  in  length.  This,  then,  leaves  three  tangents  whose 
azimuth  was  never  tested  beyond  tlio  initial  point,  viz,  Nos.  11  and  12,  of 
1873,  and  No.  18,  of  1874.  At  Nos.  11  and  12  the  season  was  very  late 
(October),  and  we  were  in  the  midst  of  a  series  of  su'w-storms  and  cloudy 
nights.  At  No.  18  the  azimuth-observations  gave  siuli  a  isatisfactory  results 
that  they  were  rejected.  A  summary  of  the  errors  in  the  tangent,  ik-duccd 
from  these  observations,  has  been  given  above. 

4.  Deducing  the  station-error  and  computing  the  offsets  for  the  mounds. — 
The  formulaj  employed  to  find  the  geodetic  latitudes,  longitudes,  and  azi- 
muths at  points  on  a  lino  perpendicular  to  first  meridian,  are : — 


H 


II'  —  K-  ^'"^-^^(^+^'^0^'-^^)  _  j^-x  n 
~  2  N'  sin  i"  — 


^'■'\ 


th  !'' 


F-P  =K 

Z'  =^0°-K 


N  sin  1"  cos  // 

tan  // 

N  sin  1" 


z=KO' 

=  00° -KG" 


These  foi'mulre  are  discussed  on  pp.  2")G,  and  from  them  is  derived, 
pp.  257,  the  table  of  off'sets  and   azimuths  of  tlie  tangent.     Entering  this 


^    aw 


I     t 


■il 


i  :i 


348 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


table  with  the  argument  K,  equal  to  the  length  of  tangent  in  English  feet, 
the  computed  offset  to  49°  is  found.  If  E,  represent  the  station-error,  0„ 
the  computed  offset,  J5Jj  the  error  of  the  initial  point,  north  or  south  of  49°, 
Ea  the  eiTor  due  to  azimuth-deviation,  <and  0„  the  measured  distance  from 
the  tangent  to  the  second  astronomical  determination  of  49°,  then  E,  z=.  0^ 
rfc  JE<  db  J5J„  —  0„.  To  compute  the  offset  for  any  intermediate  mound  let 
Oj,  represent  the  computed  offset  for  the  given  distance,  JE^,,  the  proportional 
part  of  the  station-eri'or,  E^i  the  j^roportional  part  of  the  azimuth-error,  and 
0„,  the  required  offset,  then  0,„,  rr  0^,  ±  iV  i  ^t  ±  ^a- 

5.  Construction  of  the  mounds  marking  the  boundary. — While  tracing  the 
tangent  at  each  station  where  it  was  thought  a  mound  should  be  built,  the 
true  meridian  was  turned  off,  by  the  aid  of  the  table  of  azimuths  of  the  tan- 
gent, and  a  picket  driven  to  mark  its  direction.  After  finishing  the  tangent 
the  offsets  were  computed  by  the  formulae  given  above,  and  a  list  containing 
the  position  of  each  mound  and  its  offset  was  sent  to  the  chief  of  the  mound- 
builders'  party,  who  built  the  mounds,  and  kept  a  complete  record  of  all 
distances  measured,  and  all  the  facts  relating  to  his  work.  Along  the  Red 
River  Valley,  and  up  to  the  astronomical  station  at  Long  River,  mounds 
were  built  at  intervals  of  one  mile;  these  were  subsequently  replaced  by 
the  iron  pillars  planted  by  Captain  Gregory  in  1 875.  Beyond  Long  River 
they  wei'e  built  at  an  average  distance  of  three  miles,  and  placed  on  the 
crests  of  the  rolling  prairie,  the  conditions  being  that  each  mound  should 
be  plainly  visible  with  the  naked  eye  from  the  two  adjacent  ones.  Wherever 
a  sufficient  amount  of  stone  could  be  found  within  a  radius  of  five  miles  the 
mounds  were  built  of  the  small  prairie  bowlders,  weighing  from  ten  to  eighty 
pounds  each,  and  in  the  form  of  a  cone  twelve  feet  in  diameter  at  the  base, 
and  six  feet  high.  Where  stone  was  not  availabi"?  they  were  built  of  earth 
and  well  rammed,  and  in  the  same  shape  and  siz  3  as  the  others.  If  there 
was  any  timber  available  a  large  post  was  sunk  two  feet  in  the  ground  in  the 
center  of  the  mound,  and  marked  on  the  southern  foce  "XLIX  PAR."  In 
all  cases  a  picket  was  driven  one  foot  under  gi'ound,  with  across  cut  on  its 
head  marking  the  exact  position  of  the  parallel. 

In  the  Great  Roseau  Swamp  there  was  no  earth  to  be  found  within 
several  miles,  and,  if  there  had  been,  it  would  not  have  withstood  the  action 


EEPOllT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTEONOMBB,  APPENDIX  B. 


349 


of  the  water.  The  mounds  here  consisted  of  a  pine  post,  about  eighteen 
feet  long,  squared  to  ten  inches,  and  pointed  on  its  lower  end.  This  was 
sunk,  by  its  own  weight,  to  various  distances,  from  two  to  ten  feet.  Around 
it,  from  two  hundred  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  tamarack  poles,  four  inches 
in  diameter,  were  driven  into  the  mud,  as  far  as  possible,  with  heavy  malls. 
Their  tops  were  then  cut  off  to  give  the  shape  of  a  rude  cylinder  with  con- 
ical top.  The  center  post  was  marked  on  its  southern  face  "  XLIX  PAR." 
The  computation  of  the  offset  and  the  nature  of  each  mound  will  be 
found  in  the  details  of  tangent-lines. 

LONGITUDES  AND  STATION-ERRORS. 

As  previously  remarked,  the  longitudes  adopted  are  those  derived 
from  the  chaining  along  United  States  and  British  Tangent  Lines.  The 
origin  of  longitudes  is  the  joint  astronomical  station  near  Pembina.  This 
was  observed,  in  the  winter  of  1872-73,  by  the  British  Commission,  in 
telegraphic  communication  with  Mr.  T.  H.  Safford,  at  the  Observatory  in 
Chicago.  Tlie  result  as  communicated  by  Capt.  S.  Anderson,  Royal  En- 
gineers, is  97°  13'  5l".5;  which  was  adopted  as  the  basis  of  all  our  longi- 
tudes. In  order  to  convert  the  chained  distances  into  arc,  I  made  an 
examination  of  the  various  authorities  on  the  elements  of  the  earth's  figure, 
with  the  following  results: — 

L  ■=.  Length  of  1  °  of  longitude  on  equator. 

IJ  =  Length  of  1  °  of  longitude  at  *. 

a    ■=.  Equatorial  radius  of  the  earth. 


L-L 


cos  q) 


(1— e*sin**)*. 


h    ■=.  Polar  radius  of  the  earth. 
c    zr  Eccentricity  —  I  ^ —  j 


c'  =  2Z 


E  =  Ellipticity  = 


a-h 


Kater's  value  of  the  meter,  39'°.370790. 

Clarke's  value  of  the  meter,  Sg'-'.S 70432. 

a  1) 

Bessel's  spheroid. 


E 
I 


L     i',(^  =  49°). 


Rater's  ;alue  of  meter,   \  20^23644  20853703^^^^^  365186       240040 


350 


UNITED  STATES  NOltTUEllN   liOUNDAKY  COMMiSSlON. 


a 


Bessel's  spheroid, 
C)nrke'«  value  of  meter 

Ordnance  survey,  1858, 
Sir  Henry  James, 

*Ordnance  survey,  1 8G6, 

Capt.  A.  li.  Clarke, 
Spheroid  of  revolution. 


f  20S 


20923401  20853464 


2!)'J.o6 
1 


365182       240038 


20926330  20855240  ^^jTjg  365233 

1 


240079 


240076 


240077 


20926062  2085512 1-^^-gg  365229 

"*l'f^[^  j\  *'*TT  %^'^\"'  ]  20926184  20855304  -J—  365231 
1871,  John  H.  Pratt,  J  295.2 

The  above  results  are  in  English  feet,  and  Clarke's  value  of  the  meter 
is  used  in  deducing  all  except  the  first.  Clarke's  results  ai-e  obtained  by 
applying  Bessel's  method  to  the  results  of  the  measurement  of  the  following 
arcs  of  meridian,  viz,  the  Anglo-French,  22°  10';  the  Indian,  21°  21';  the 
Russian,  25°  20';  the  Cape,  4°  37';  and  the  Peruvian,  3°  7'.  In  Pratt's 
discussion  the  la«t  two  are  rejected,  on  account  of  their  small  length.  Bes- 
sel's elements  liavo  generally  been  adopted  up  to  the  present  time,  in  this 
country;  but  Clarke's  results  were  thought  to  have  the  most  weight,  and 
were  adopted  for  our  purposes,  with  the  concurrence  of  Capt.  S.  Anderson, 
Royal  Engineers. 

The  accuracy  of  the  chaining  is  a  matter  about  which  nothing 
certain  can  bo  stated.  From  the  trials  given  above,  it  was  believed  to 
bo  within  a  foot  per  mile,  on  level  ground  and  twenty-five  per  mile  over 
a  broken  country.  In  order  to  test  its  accuracy,  I  ran,  by  your  direction, 
a  meridian-line,  over  level  country,  from  a  point  near  the  Swootgrass 
Hills  to  the  neighborhood  of  Fort  Shaw,  in  September,  1874.  It  was 
intended  to  observe  the  longitixdo  of  Fort  Shaw  by  telegraphic  comnui- 
nication  Avith  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  Observatory  at  Ogden,  Utah,  whose 

•  Ordiianco  Snrvi'.v — L'oiiiparisoti  of  Stiuulanis  of  Leiigtii.  Loiuloii,  1871.  On 
p.  285  are  {{iven  tbe  followiiijj;  t'lements: — 

Major  semiaxis  =«„  of  equator,  loiigitiule  lu0  3l'E.  20,920,3r)0  feet. 
Miuor  seiiiiaxis  =  b„  of  equator,  longitude  105°  34'  E.  2l>,yiO,l)72  leet. 
Polar  axis,  =  c„  20,853,429  feet. 


a  —  c 

0 


1 


h-c 


285.9  J' 


a  —  h 

V 


1 


32()9.5 


313.3« 

The  elemeuts  given  above  are  found  on  p.  287,  and  pertain  to  the  "Spheroid  of 
Revolution  best  representing  the  geodetic  measurements." 


mF^-^-  r 


KEPOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTltONOMEK,  APPENDIX  B. 


351 


longitude  has  been  deterniincd,  telegraphically,  with  great  care.  This 
scheme  fell  to  the  ground,  in  consequence  of  the  fact  that  the  telegrapli 
line  between  Helena  and  Fort  Shaw  was  down,  for  several  miles,  in  1875; 
and  to  have  prolonged  the  meridian,  over  the  mountains,  to  the  telegraph 
at  Helena,  would  have  involved  great  expense,  and  given  very  doubtful 
results.  The  opportunity  for  determining  this  valuable  and  interesting 
check  on  our  chaining  was  therefore  lost,  but  it  may  be  accomplished  by 
other  parties,  at  some  future  day.  It  was  impossible  to  get  azinnith-obser- 
vations  at  Fort  Shaw  in  1874,  owing  to  cloudy  nights;  but  the  terminal 
points  of  the  meridian  were  securely  marked,  and  in  1875  its  azinmthwas 
carefully  determined,  and  a  connection  was  made  with  Fort  Shaw,  and 
with  the  principal  meridian  of  the  United  States  Land  Surveys.  The 
observations  on  this  meridian  are  given  herewith. 

Fort  Shaw  Meridian, 
Azimulh-ohiscrvat'wns  at  inilutl  point. 

(Error  of  Chronometer:  by  a  Andrnmeilio  (fast),  i:(™  41'.'! ;  by  Arctunis  (fiist),  l:*."'.  :iO».4;  monn  (fast),  l.'l"  40'.4 — ObsLrvir, 

O.  S.  Wilson,  C  K  ] 


Date. 


1874. 
Sept.  2 


Puaitioii  of  instruuieut. 


rk'Uet  at  *;((0i"  l-'i'.:iO  ) 
IVoiiiPenibiiia;  lonni-  ? 
tiulo,  lll'2  4.V04.y.       ) 


PcikII  loll  of 
Iiiuik. 


r40ii..'i  ICL'tSOUlll 

of  iuHtniiiicnt. 


No.  of 
n  adiiij's. 


Ill 
10 


10 


Stars. 


)    Crplli'i V.  . 

I'olailH K.. 

/i   l'i>a)Minoiis.. W.. 
y'  UisajMiuoris..  W.. 


Sleaii . 


Aitiiniilli. 


170  ".4  1(1. -i 
.••)4  1'2.'J 

r.:!  r)0.  s 
54  ;tt>.5 

170  ,')4  i;i.o 


Mark  was  moved  12'. 1  west,  to  establish  direction  of  tangent  point. 
Asimuth-obscnmtionn  at  tenninal  point. 


[Observer,  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greouo.] 


Date. 

Position  of  iiiatru- 

IllOllt. 

Position  of 
mark. 

Xo.  of 
readings. 

Star. 

Azimuth. 

lf7.->. 
JiiljKi 

July  10 

M 

TiTiiiiiial    jioiiit  of 
iniTidiaii  south  of 
.Sim  KivtT. 

Station  4()  of  me- 
ridian, north 
of  Sun  KivtT. 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
lU 

y   C'l'liiiei 1"  .. 

X  iJraconi,s W  .. 

ji  Cciihei V.  .. 

4    Uiaeonis W.. 

Polaris K  .. 

Polaris E.. 

y    Cepbei K  .. 

]i  Ursa!  M  iioris  ..  W.. 
)■-  Urtiu  Muioris  ..W.. 

o     /       // 

■.m  w.\  01. 1 

".>t  .''ij.  (i 

.^>;i  (14. 2 

:a  (14.  ;t 

W.\  07.  4 

.->■.!  4r..  i 
uu  10.  a 

i.-i  4.-).  4 

;;.7.i  .M  i;i.  i  ±  '.v'.  4 

II 

ill 


*  Kijicted, 


352 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


This  error  was  larger  than  was  anticipated,  but  the  notes  showing  no 

'reason  for  assigning  it  to  any  one  place,  it  was  distributed  over  the  whole 

length,  102.5  miles,  of  the  line,  by  assigning  1'  to  each  fifteen  miles.     The 

successive  increments  in  deviation  were  then  computed;  giving  a  total  of 

five  hundred  and  ninety-eight  feet  at  the  terminal  point,  equal  to  8". 8  of 

longitude. 

Triangulation  at  Fort  Slimo. 


1X6111  ilaiiil.  pr^ 


Angle. 

Lenf;th 
iu  feut. 

Azimuth. 

Laf. 

Dep. 

Coordinates  from 
A  47,  in  feet. 

n-s-Af> 

0       1         II 

32  17  25.4 

c       /         // 

S-47-46 

97  17  51.2 

S-47 

13420 

82  .T)  27.9 

1730.5 

13308 

A  46 

N.  9302. 7 

W.       18.0 

S-46-47 

50  24  4:!.  4 

S-46 

17273 

50  18  02.5 

11033 

13290 

46-47-« 

79  03  31. 0 

47-4G 

2302.7 

3.'>9  53  19. 1 

9302.7 

18.1 

S 

S.  1730. 5 

W.  13308.0 

46-B-47 

55  27  54.5 

47-B 

H053.6 

78  55  50 

1546.3 

7903.8 

47-4&-B 

45  29  34. 5 

46-7? 

1108G.8 

134  23  44.6 

7750.4 

7921.7 

I! 

N.154G.3 

E.    7903.8 

46-C-7? 

19  .W  10. 4 

46-C 

20932. 8 

98  15  04.6 

3865. 3 

20654 

I 

N. 5437. 4 

E.  26636.0 

A6-B-<: 

123  52  09. 6 

S-C 

19132 

78  15  54.2 

3891.1 

18732.2 

C-46-Ii 

3C03  40.0 

C-P 

2550 

223  15  54.0 

1856.9 

1747.8 

P 

N.  3580. 5 

E.  24888.2 

In  order  to  obtain  the  longitude  of  the  Principal  Meridian,  I  consulted 
the  plats  of  the  land-office  in  Helena,  and  found  that,  in  latitude  45°  41', 
it  was  thirty  and  one-fourth  miles  west  of  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  Observatory 
in  Bozeman,  Mont.,  whoso  longitude,  established  by  telegraph,  is  111°  03' 
31".9.  By  this  means,  wo  are  enabled  to  compare  our  own  longitude  with 
those  of  the  Land-Surveys,  as  follows: — 

Longitude  of  Bozeman,  Mont., 111°  03'  31".9 

Thirty  and  one-fourth  miles  of  longitude  in  latitude  45°  41',  37'  29".8 

Longitude  of  Principal  Meridian, 111°  41'  01".7 


KErOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  A8TUONOMER,  APPENDIX  B.  353 

Wostiiig  from  Principal  Meridian  to  Fort  Shaw  Meridian, 

21,888  feet  in  latitude  47''  31',        6'  02".;') 

Longitude  of  A  47,  Fort  Shaw  Meridian,  as  determined  by 

land-surveys,       111°  47'  04".2 

Longitude  of  Pembina 97°  13'  6i".5 

Westing  to  Initial  Point,  Fort  Shaw  Meridian,  660'"  1 8"^30 

in  latitude  49° 14°  31'  13".4 

Longitude  Initial  Point,  Fort  Shaw  Meridian,      .     .     .     .      111°  45'  04".9 
Deviation  in  Azimuth  to  east, 8".8 

Longitude  of  A  47,  Fort  Shaw  Meridian,  as  determined  by 

Boundary  Survey, lll°44'56".l 

I  also  made  a  chronometer  expedition  from  Fort  Shaw  to 

Bozeman,  from  which  the  longitude  of  A  47  was      .      111°  45'  57". 6 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  chronometric  detemiination  is  nearly  the  mean 

of  the  other  two,  but  to  this  no  particular  importance  is  attributed.     The 

difference  between  the  land-survey  longitude  and  our  own  is  2'  08",  equal 

to  8,795  feet,  or  1.67  miles ;  but  the  method  in  which  the  Principal  Sleridian 

was  run  makes  the  Land-Office  determination  of  no  greater  value  tlian  our 

own.     The  Principal  Meridian  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  miles  in 

length  from  the  latitude  of  Bozeman  to  that  of  Fort  Sbaw.    Of  this  length 

forty-eight  miles  was  traced  over  the  broken  country  wost  of  the  Gallatin 

River.     Hero  an  offset  was  made  of  eighteen  milc^^  to  the  west  in  order  to 

avoid  the  almost  impassable  mountains  east  of  the  Missouri  River.     From 

the  end  of  this  offset  a  meridian  was  traced  north,  over  the  spurs  of  the 

Rocky  Mountains  to  Sun  River  Valley,  where  an  offset  was  measured  east- 

Avard  again,  and  a  stone  post  planted  to  indicate  the  intersection  of  the 

Principal  Meridian  and  Fifth  Standard  Parallel.    The  lines  Avero  traced  by 

a  solar  compass.     Our  own  surveys  embraced  lines  aggregating  n  length  of 

seven  hundred  and  sixty-three  .niles  from  Pembina  to  For;  Sliaw,  ajrainst 
N  « 23 


J 


I 


r 


M 


I!' Ill 


:l 


,'p 


354 


UNITED  STATES  NOBTHEKN   BODNDAIIY  COMMISSION. 


ono  hundred  and  ninety-two  miles  of  the  land-surveys  from  Bozeman  to 
Fort  Shaw;  but  their  methods  were  not  considered  sufficiently  accurate  to 
warrant  a  change  in  our  determination.  At  the  monument  on  the  summit 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains  we  connected  with  the  surveys  of  the  Northwest 
Boundary  Commission.  The  longitude  of  this  monument,  as  determined 
in  1861  by  the  method  of  lunar  culminations,  is  114°  03'  28".4.  Our  own 
determination  of  the  same  point,  by  chaining,  is  114°  02'  56".5.  The  dif- 
ference, 31".9,  is  equal  to  2,124  feet. 

It  is  difficult  to  say  how  much  importance  should  be  attributed  to  this 
result;  but,  at  all  events,  the  results  of  the  land-survey  near  Fort  Shaw 
were  not  sufficiently  reliable  to  warrant  any  change  in  our  chaining,  wliich 
was  adopted  for  the  determination  of  longitudes. 

The  following  table  contains  the  longitudes  of  the  astronomical  stations, 
and  their  station-en'ors,  with  reference  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  Station: 


I  i> 


II 


ItEPOUT  OF  TUB  CUIEP  ASTKONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 

Longitudes  and  t\tation-error8  of  Astronomical  Stations, 


355 


No.       I)y  whom  obiierved. 


BritiHh 
Urltisb 
....do  . 
Uritisb 
...do  . 
....do  . 
United 
...do  . 
liritiNh 
....do  . 
United 
Iliilibh 
United 
liiitixli 
United 
liritiith 
United 
Uritiah 
United 
UritiBh 
United 
Dritisli 
United 
UriliHli 
United 
llritisli 
United 
UiiliHli 
United 
British 
United 
Urilisli 
United 
British 
United 
British 
United 
British 
....do  . 
United 
British 
(18(il 


nud  Uuiled  States 


and  United  States 


States. 


States. 
States. 


States. 
States. 


States. 
States. 


States. 
States. 


titntcs. 
States. 


States. 
States'. 


States. 
States. 


States 

and  United  States 
). 


Name  of  ustronomicul  station. 


Luku  of  thu  Woods  (Joiut  station) 

riuoliivcr 

West  Roseau 

lied  River  (Joint  station) 

Michel  (Joint  station) 

Pemhinu  Mountain  (Joint  station) 

Pumhinn  River 

Long  River   

Sleepy  Hullovr 

Turtlu  Mountain  ea.st 

Tnrtlo  Mountain  west 

1st  Monso  River 

Sonlh  Antler  Creek 

lid  Monso  River 

United  States,  No.  8 

Sliort  Creek 

3d  Mouse  River 

Grand  Cotoau 

Mid  Coteau 

Big  Mnddy  River 

Bully  Spring 

Poplar  River  . 

West  Poplar  River 

Littlu  Rocky  Creek 

Frenchman's  Creek 

Cotton  wood  Conl6 

Pool  on  Prairie 

Near  Goose  Lake 

East  Fork 

West  Fork 

Milk  River  Lake 

Milk  River 

East  Butte 

West  Butte 

Red  Creek 

South  Braneli  Milk  River 

North  Branch  Milk  River 

Rocky  Mountains 

Belly  River 

Chief  Mountain  Lake  

Summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 


Longltnile. 


05  lU 
U5  &<J 
OU  40 
97  111 

97  40 

98  00 
9.-!  IC 

98  51 

99  19 
99  40 

lUO  :il 
lUO  07 
Ull  28 
101  07 

103  ao 
loa  50 

103  11 

103  34 

104  05 

104  39 

105  la 
105  41 
100  l-i 
100  40 
107  23 

107  45 

108  13 

108  48 

109  24 

109  41 
no  10 

110  43 

111  11 

111  33 

112  00 

113  33 
113  58 
113  30 
113  40 

113  53 

114  03 


55.3 
OLD 
51.9 
51.5 
35.8 
33,0 
00. 3 
,52. 0 
03.0 
04. 3 
13.  H 
39.8 
03. 9 
f)(i.  0 
35. 3 
00.9 
11.3 
53.7 
31.0 
53.0 
31.4 
39.2 
34.4 
31.5 
48.2 
4.').  9 
09. 3 
59. 5 
07.7 
38.2 
19.5 
4(i.O 
02.5 
03.  G 
19. 5 
50.3 
a,').  3 
35. 3 
39.0 
19.0 
50. 5 


11.2 


M.    Ch. 


31  72.05 
OS  13.83 
88  43. 30 
108  59. 03 
184  00.03 
135  03.07 
105  13.05 
183  39.11 

803  77. 29 
23-<  15. 10 
8.'i8  07. 44 
281  19.73 
303  71.50 
335  3^.4(1 
343  a-*.  93 
3.-)9  33.54 
377  39.77 
400  49.25 
430  50. 35 
451  18.41 
473  31. 54 
490  09. 1)0 
533  47.43 
550  (i7. 40 
507  3,8.81 
.588  19.31 
015  33.02 
043  02. 18 
055  23.57 
(i77  02.81 
703  30.23 
733  03. 83 
739  .57. 70 
700  31.00 
7.-5  02. 79 

804  33.01 
835  01. 3 '. 
1-30  33. 85 
8 10  03. 40 
('.53  35.89 


V    0    .,    D 

c       So 

joc=o 

rat. 

3>',S.O  N. 

470.3  N. 

550. 1  N. 

58H.4  N. 

633.3  N. 

45!t.  5  N. 

370.7  N. 

813.4  N. 

54. 2  N. 

154.9  N. 

840.3  N. 

80;l.  3  N. 

40.0  N. 

7. 8  \. 

183.4  N. 

203.8  N. 

138.8  N. 

414.1  N. 

40. 4  N. 

151.8  N. 

333.5  N. 

l.-)li.7  N. 

390.7  X. 

430.9  N. 

.VJ3.C  N. 

510. 9  N. 

397. 1  N. 

830. 0  N. 

609.3  N. 

410.0  N. 

KiO.O  N. 

304. 3  S. 

571.3  S. 

100. 5  N. 

181.5  N. 

115.5  N. 

113.5  S. 

38;t.5  S. 

10. 0  8. 

133. 4  N. 

Hi 


.111 


;iii, 


i  li 


u\ 


i^  I 


'1 


CHAPTER   II. 

TOPOGUAPHY. 

Tlio  sources  from  whicli  our  topogrni)hical  information  was  obtained 
were  as  follows : 

1.  The  tangont-lines. 

2.  Meander-lines,  with  the  theodolite  and  stadia-rods. 
i\.  Minor  compass-surveys. 

4.  Triangulation  and  intersection  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
f).  Reconnaissances. 

Tanqent-Unes. — The  topographical  information  obtained  by  these  was 
altogether  secondary  to  the  main  object  of  making  a  geodetic  connection 
of  the  astronomical  stations.  It  consisted  of  noting  the  crossings  of  streams 
and  valleys  intersecting  distant  hills,  and  sketching  the  immediate  vicinity. 
The  stakes  of  these  lines,  however,  were  the  basis  of  the  stadia-lines  both 
for  distance  and  azimuth. 

Stadia-Uncs. — The  theodolites  employed  in  this  method  of  survey  were 
made  by  Wiirdemann,  and  were  similar  in  construction  to  the  largo  eight- 
inch  transits  used  for  azimuth  work.  The  liorizontal  limb 
Vjo  was  six  inches  in  diameter,  divided  to  10',  and  reading,  by 
a  two  verniers,  to  10";  vertical  limb,  four  inches  in  diameter, 
divided  to  20',  and  reading,  by  vernier,  to  1';  telescope  of 
10"  focal  lengtli,  magnifying  17  times,  and  having  in  the 
reticle  three  horizontal  and  one  vertical  line,  which  were 
fixed.  The  rods  were  made  of  pine,  3"  X  '^'"•i>  ''i  cross- 
section,  were  about  twelve  feet  long,  und  folded  on  a  hinge 
at  the  middle.     The  inner  side  was  painted  white,  and  marked  with  figures, 

357 


1! 


' 


I 


"I 


I'  i 


■  i 


I! 


i  :■„     ( 


358 


UNITED  STATES  NORTnERN   BOUNDARY  COMMlSSIOX. 


as  sliown  in  this  sketch.  Each  rod  was  adjusted  for  a  particular  theodolite, 
as  ibllows :  A  distance  of  1,000  feet  was  r"easured  on  the  ground  with  great 
cai'e,  and  tlif>  rod  placed  at  one  end,  the  theodolite  at  the  other.  The  space 
covered  by  the  constant  visual  angle  was  noted  on  the  rod,  and  this  space 
(representing  1,000  feet)  was  .subdivided  into  eq  ",al  parts,  the  smallest  of 
wliich  represented  five  feet,  from  which  one  foot  could  be  read  by  estimation. 

ITj'bitually  two,  but  sometimes  three,  rods  were  used  with  each  theodo- 
lite, and  all  measurements  were  made  twice — i.  e.,  the  distance  and  elevation 
of  a  ccu'se  were  recorded  once  as  a  foresight  and  once  as  a  backsigl't. 

The  azimuth  was  taken  from  the  tangent,  and  was  kept  throughout  the 
line — /.  « ,  each  recorded  angle  was  the  angle  between  the  course  and  the 
true  meridian. 

An  average  day's  work  for  a  single  party  was  a  line  of  five  miles  in 
length,  but  as  much  as  twelve  miles  of  line  have  been  run  by  one  party  in 
a  day. 

The  notes  uf  the  stadia-surveys  were  reduced  in  the  office— first,  each 
rciiding  for  distance  (being  the  hypothenuse  of  a  vertical  right-angled  tri- 
angle) was  reduced  to  horizontal  distance  and  difference  of  level,  tlien  each 
bearing  was  corrected  by  its  proportional  part  of  the  total  error  in  azimuth; 
the  horizontal  distance  was  then  resolved  into  rectangular  co-ordinates,  with 
reference  to  the  first  meridian;  these  co-ordinates  were  algebraically  summed, 
and  compared  with  the  co-ordinates  of  the  terminal  point  as  given  by  the 
tangent ;  the  eiTor  of  the  last  point,  in  latitude  and  longitude,  waj  then  dis- 
tributed in  tlie  co-ordinates  of  each  course  in  proportion  to  its  length;  the 
adjusted  co-ordinates  were  tuon  plotted  on  the  map.  For  reducing  the  read- 
ings to  horizontal  and  vertical  distances,  the  formula)  used  were  those  de- 
duced by  Prof  S.  W.  Robinsoii  C.  E.,  Tormerly  of  the  Lake  Survey.  They 
were  originally  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  Feb- 
ruary, 18G5. 

d=~  (n-r-f)  cos'  r+(r+/)  cos  V 


h= 


li 

jr_ 

2  li 


(B-c-f)  sia  2  V+{r.+f)  sin  V 


l{EPO;iT  OK  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B, 


359 


in  which — 

V  =:  angle  of  elevation  or  depression. 

B  =  Icngtli  of  a  measured  base. 

Jt  =  reading  of  stadia  on  that  base. 

/   =  principal  focal  distance  of  object-glass  of  telescope. 

c   =  distance  from  axis  of  telescope  to  object-glass. 

M'  =  any  rending  for  whicli  the  horizontal  distance  and  difference  of 
level  are  required. 

d   =  horizontal  distance  corresponding  to  B'. 

h   =  diffe-ence  of  level  con-esponding  to  71'. 

With  thefo  formula?,  tables  have  been  constructed  by  Alfred  Noble 
and  William  T.  Casgrain,  assistants  in  the  United  States  engineer's  office 
at  Milwaukee.  They  assumed  B  and  R  each  equal  to  1,000  feet,  and 
(c  +/)  equal  to  1.4  feet.  These  assumptions  coirespond  to  our  own  instru- 
ments and  rods.  The  tables  are  of  the  same  form  as  traverse  tables,  the 
arguments  being  the  stadia-reading  and  angle  of  elevati*"""    >v  depression. 

The  total  number  of  stadia-traverse  Inies  is  one  hunured  and  thirty, 
aggregating  a  length  of  one  thousand  two  lumdred  and  eighty-seven  miles. 
The  notes  were  all  reduced  in  the  manner  above  described.  Of  these,  sixty- 
nino  lines  (seven  hundred  and  thirty-eight  miles)  were  closed  on  known 
points,  and  their  results  are  brought  together  in  the  following  table  in  order 
to  show  the  degi'ee  of  accuracy  of  this  kind  of  surveying : 


^ 


I  si  I 


"I 


[hi: 


II 


, '  si 


li, 

ill 


,! 


'^l 


li 

I  ,1     s' 


fi     !|,! 


I    '!, 


1 

i 

1 

1 

i 

I 

i 

i 

i 
1. 

F!l     ■ ' 


.11 

! 


« 


I 


360  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Stadia- lilies. 


'  i 

■s 

Total  errors  of  closure. 

Proportional 

errors. 

a 

.a 

1 

u 

u 

u 

1 

2 

li 

s._ 

K 

%.. 

1 

.5 

ol 

-3 

s 

i 

.a 

s  o 

If 

(«0 

«; 

^ 

a 

a 

S 

3 

^ 
'*.» 

t 

M 

a  " 

•3* 

as 

o 

e$ 

a 

c 

> 

*N 

=5 

V 

V 

'S 

«^ 

m 

^ 

•«! 

Q 

hJ 

^ 

< 

< 

)-) 

Q 

s 

•< 

hJ 

Q 

Feet. 

/         // 

Feci. 

Feel. 

Feet. 

t/ 

Feet. 

Feet. 

15 

A.D 

Nov.,  1873 

1.48 

« 

1307!+  8  00 

25. 4  N. 

X>.  7  E. 

80.0 

3.2 

4.6 

88 

L.C 

AiiK-,  1873 

1..50 

7 

118(1 

277. 8  8. 

32. 3  K. 

33.4 

3.9 

41 

..<Io 

A.D 

Oct.,  1H73 
.Jiilv,  1873 

1.71 
1.79 

7 

10 

1297 
948 

14. 9  N. 

1(1.  HN. 

17. 4  W. 
4.  0  W. 

1.6 
1.7 

1.9 
0.4 

364.' 4 

21) 

..do 

Sept.,  1873 

a.  til 

11 

1336 

15. 8  S. 

131.1  E. 

1.0 

8.9 

(13 

C.L.  V 

And-,  l'-74 

a.  <i5 

13 

1070 

+i2'5i 

103.  8  S. 

30.  3  W, 

+27.';. 

'58."  .5 

7.5 

2.8 

58 

V.T.McG.... 

Aiij;.,  1874 

a.  (i<) 

7 

2012 

—11  00 

127. 5  8. 

23. 1  E. 

120. 0 

9,  0 

1.6 

rii! 

24 

0..s.\V 

I..C ) 

F.v.S ( 

A.D 

July,  1874 
June,  1873 

3.11 
3.17 

9 
24 

1827 

G9e 

19. 8  8. 
85. 9. S. 

1.9W. 
27.5.7  E. 

i.a 

5.1 

0.1 
16. 5 

June,  l'^73 

3.24 

20 

851 

+19  40 

31. 5  N. 

217.2  E. 

59, 0 

1.8 

12.7 

17 

..do 

Dec,  1873 

3.35 

12 
14 

1475 

+  C  50 

53. 0  8. 

77. 0  W. 



34,2 

3.0 

4.4 

ii7 

F.V.8 

Aug.,  1873 

3.44 

1297 

+  8  30 

30. 2  S. 

ir.,5.6\V. 

36. 4 

1.6 

8,6 

;!(!• 

L.C    

Sept.,  1873 

3.85 

13 

1.5.5(1 

165. 5 ).;. 

9. 1 

381 
57 

A.D 

V.T.McG.... 

Sept.,  1873 
Auk,,  1874 

3.  89 
3. 91 

14 

10 

1412 

20(15 

LOW. 
90. 9  W. 

0.0 
4.4 

'"'lis.' 

'o.'i 

:i:< 

A.D 

Sept. ,1873 

3. 93 

1(1 

1297 

— 'h'oo 

(13.  (1  S. 

57.9  E. 

"fl.'fl 

3.2 

2.8 

ai 

..do 

June,  1873 

4.43 

20 

1172 

-  2  45 

29.  3  N. 

33. 3  E. 

8.2 

1.2 

1.4 

(15 

V.T.McG.... 

Ang.,  1874 

4.48 

17 

131KI 

-  ti  31 

59.  I  S. 

85. 2  W. 

+38' 1 

23.  0 

4,5 

3.6 

47 

..do 

July,  1874 

5. 17 

20 

1305 

2(1. 2  N. 

.5. 7  W. 

+14  (> 

0, 9 

0.2 

8 

C.L.D 

Nov.,  1873 

■5.24 

24 

1253 

— i.i"2(i 

235. 5  N. 

12(1.2  E. 

'fri.'s 

7.7 

4.0 

(i 

. .  do 

Nov.,  1873 

.5.  41 

20 

1429 

+  2  45 

325. 3  N. 

364, 0  E. 

8.2 

11.4 

12.7 

a 

O.S.  \V 

Nov.,  1873 

5.71 

19 

1.588 

......    . 

IKl.HN. 

39.  8  E. 

3.M 

1.3 

(ii 

C.L.1) 

Aug.,  1874 

(i.  .52 

25 

137r 

+  2  34 

5,5.  3  S. 

142. 2  W, 

"t'i.'i 

1.6 

3.5 

lU 

O.S.  \V 

Dec,  1873 

0. 5(1 

34 

1004 

+  3  15 

1^2. 2  N. 

96.  a  E. 

.5.7 

.5.3 

2,8 

i-i 

C.L.D 

Dec,  1873 

(i.  (i3 

17 

20(10 

-  5  40 

16.0  S. 

6.  0  W. 

20. 0 

0.  5 

0.2 

4IS 

V.T.McG.... 

Jniy,  1874 

(i.  (15 

28 

12.54 

208.  as. 

a49. 5  W. 



5.9 

7.1 

■M 

C.L.D 

Sept.,  1873 

C.7(i 

33 

1038 

—\K-M 

207. 7  S. 

259.7  i;. 



'  "36.' (1 

6.0 

7.6 

::i 

L.C } 

F.v.S i 

C.L.D 

June,  1873 

0.79 

43 

834 

+  18  00 

a8.8N. 

333.  5  W. 

25. 1 

0.8 

9.6 

Sept.,  1873 

7.24 

34 

1125 

64. 8  N. 

143. 1  W 

-'4.'a 

1.7 

1.7 

3.7 

7 

..do 

Nov.,  Ie73 

7.54 

37 

919 

—  h"w 

60.  4  N.      34.0\V. 

11.0 

1.8 

1.0 

4 

oa 

.do 

O.S.W 

Nov.,  If73 
Jnlv,  If 74 

7.  .57 
8.24 

33 
2(1 

1212 
11.73 

-'i'ao 

4,55. 7  N. 
41.  IN. 

8.  6  W. 
17. 9  W. 

11.4 

0.9 

0.2 
0.4 

"i((.'(i 

5(i 

C.L.D 

July,  1.-74 

8.43 

27 

1(147 

+  1)  00 

78. 2  8. 

377. 0  i:. 

2(1. 0 

1.7 

8.5 

48 

V.T.McG.... 

July,  1874 

8. 75 

35 

1321 

—  1  0(1 

63.  0  N. 

47. 0  E. 

— 3('l."o 

1.7 

1.3 

1.0 

4.' 

A.D 

Sei)l.,1873 

H.7(i 

33 

1401 

2IM.5.S. 

18.3  E. 

4.4 

0.4 

41) 

V.T.McG.... 

Jnlv,  If74 

9.  3(1 

3(1 

1372 

291.  ON, '  1.5,5.  3  \V. 

4.  9 

2.  (1 

;!i 

Kv.S 

Aug.,  1873 

9.38 

3(1 

1377 

99,1  N.I  131.7  i:. 

2.(1 

2.7 

T)') 

C.L.D 

Jnlv,  1874 

9.  1(1 

43 

1138—  1  15 

39.  3  S. 

22. 5  W. 

"■"i.7 

0.8 

0.4 

45 

..do 

July,  1-74 

9.  54 

33 

1.52(1—  2  12 

3.2  8. 

13.  3  W. 

4.0 

0.0(1 

0.2 

lU 

..do 

Anjr.,  Ic74 

9. 7(1 

41 

11(1,5'  +  17  08 

71,7  8. 

2(1.  3  W 

23.4 

1.4 

0. 5 

43 

A.D....\.    .. 

Sept.,  1873 

9.  95 

35 

1501 1+22  25 

203.  ON. 

4(19.8  !■',. 

3S,  1 

3,8 

H.  1 

51 

C.I.D 

July,  lf74 

10.  75 

37 

1.535  +  8  3.1 

120.4  S,    203.  9\V, 

14,0 

2,1 

3.6 

aii 

A.D 

Aeg.,  1-73 

11.5(1 

58 

li;52|+2H  40 

193,7  8.      17.9  r..'— 44.4 

29,  6 

3,1 

0.3 

;);•. 

C.L.D 

Oct.,   If73 

12.  14 

43 

iraii— a;)  35 

165.08.    203.5\V.! 

41,3 

2.5 

3.1 

1 

..do 

.)an.,  1^-74 

12.21 

40 

1(110 

87. 5  N.      ,53. 5  K 

1.3 

0,  H 

Cli 

V.  T.  .McG .... 

An«.,  18.-4 

12.2-1 

32 

2025+  (1  05 

49. 2  N.  i      8. 7  W. 



'"ii.'i 

0.7 

0.1 

54 

O.S.W 

.Inly,  1874 

13.11 

31 

2040+13  40 

177.5S,  1  191.  5  \V, 

24,1 

2.7 

:.7j 

C.L.D 

.Sept.  1-73 

13.111 

71 

970! 

,561.8  K. 

8.1 

:!   ...lo 

Nov.,  18(3 

13. 19 

.53 

1315 

91.  3  N.I     16.0  i:. 

i,';')' 

0.7 

51)    ..do 

Aug.,  1874 

13.  92 

47 

1.5(14 

+  "i'2(i 

241.3  8.1  122.  4  W. 

1,5 

3,3 

1.7 

*  Alonji  C'oteau-tiingeiit. 


t  Titugeiit  west  of  Cotenu. 


:  Catciiu-taiiKeut, 


'iJfLJkv 


IIEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  15. 


Stadia-lines — Continued. 


361 


"S 

TotM  errors  of  closure. 

Proportional 

errors. 

J 

s 

a 

i 
1 

CD 

'i 
< 

i 

i 
a 

c 

■& 

a 

E 

O 

"o 

1 

1 

1« 

.a 
tt  . 

? 

> 
< 

*^ 
a 

a 

a 
.- 

2 

1 

1 

■Bo 
CO 

a"" 

£.2 

Co 

1! 

Vrel. 

// 

Frel. 

Fee'. 

Feel. 

// 

Feet. 

Feel. 

(17 

V.T.McG.... 

Aug. 

1874 

14.  31 

37 

2043 

—  9  25 

288.  1  N. 

20. 4  K. 

15.  3 

3.8 

0.2 

m 

.<lo 

Aun. 

1H74 

14.71 

39 

1991 

—  3  15 

337. 2  S. 

280. 4  K. 

5.0 

4.3 

3.6 

it 

C.L.D 

Nov. 

i87;i 

14.91 

K} 

927 

—  7  00 

12.5. 8  N. 

268. 8  W. 

4.9 

1.6 

3.4 

i;! 

do 

Dec, 

187.1 

15. 91 

lO.'-. 

801 

+  4  00 

21. 5  N. 

36. 5  E. 

2.3 

0.2 

0.4 

(;4 

V.T.McG.... 

Aug. 

1874 

16. 63 

.W 

1687 

—  0  GO 

6. 7  S. 

112.  3  W. 

+89.8 

0.9 

0.1 

1.2 

tiri 

..do 

Aug. 

1874 

10.96 

4.-1 

1990 

-  4  15 

.5. 6  S. 

802.  3  K. 

.5.7 

0.1 

9.0 

11 

C.L.U 

Dec, 

1873 

17. 26 

106 

800 

—46  00 

28;!.  9  N. 

30.  3  \V. 

26.0 

3.1 

0.3 

C.L.V  ....  I 
V.T.McG..  I 
C.L.I) 

July, 

1874 

17. 73 

82 

1142 

95. 4  S. 

136. 9  W. 



1. 1 

1.4 

Aug. 

1874 

17.81 

,^^.1 

1844 

69. 5  S. 

175. 0  W 

— S3.1 



0.7 

0.8 

14 

..do 

July, 

1874 

18.36 

()3 

1539 

+  4  05 

420. 0  S. 

1.58. 3  K. 

3. 9 

4.3 

1.6 

:i'.) 

..do 

Sept. 

,1873 

19. 3,'-) 

10;! 

100! 

-59  41 

148. 2  S. 

27. 6  E. 

+16.0 

34. 9 

1.4 

0.3 

;i4 

..do 

Oct., 

1873 

20.40 

7.'. 

1435 

—18  05 

96. 7  N. 

47.  6  K. 

14.4 

0.9 

0.4 

40 

..do 

Si'pt. 

,1873 

ao.  40 

104 

1036 

—  3  12 

54.  4  S. 

6. 0  W. 

+44. 3 

1.8 

0.5 

0.1 

r> 

..do 

Nov. 

1873 

ai.36 

99 

1138 

791. 2  N. 

193. 7  K. 



W.ti 

J. 7 

18 

F.v.S 

Jun»! 

1873 

S-'.  0' 

108 

1085 

-13  45 

304. 8 N. 

569. 9  W. 

7.6 

2.6 

4.8 

lU 

C.L.D 

Dec, 

1873 

2."i.  91 

111 

1232 

—10  16 

521. 9 N. 

130. 4  K. 

5. 5 

3.8 

0.9 

a-2' 

L.  C ^ 

A.l) J 

r.  V.8 

June 

,1873 

26.37 

181 

769 

+26  40 

50.  a  S. 

532. 7  W. 

8.8 

0.4 

3.8 

2:t 

July 

1873 

27. 8(i 

178 

799 

—20  00 

1700. 0  S. 

496. 5  \V. 

+92. 0 

8.7 

11.9 

3.5 

14* 

C.L.D 

Jan., 

1874 

4(i.  34 

112 

218() 

+14  20 

112. 9  N. 

1. 1 

0.5 

Along  Lake  of  thu  Woodx  ;  cioseil  on  su.vtatit-stiition. 


MKANS. 


Tuo  69  lines 


Season  of  1873 
Se'json  of  1873- 
Sensoii  of  1874 


Assistant  O.  .'<.  W 

Assistant  V.  T.  Met;  .  . 

Assistant  C.  L.  D 

Assistant  A.  D 

Assistant  1".  v.  S  

Assistant  li.  C 


10. 69 

9.  83 
12. 74 

10.  20 

7.  35 

9.  lili 
13.67 

4.50 
15. 67 

7.  <i2 


According  to  length : 

I'rom    9.48'"t<>    .5.71'" 3.49 

l''roni    6.  .52'"  to  12. 28'" 8. 87 

I'rom  13. 14™  to  46. 34'" 19. 48 


Ma 

V  § 


1361 

1 1,54 
1313 

If'OO 

1626 
1710 
1310 
1225 
1139 
U20 


135(! 
1363 
1365 


Total  errors. 


Az. 


12  14.6 

20  05.9 
10  46.3 
t!  26.  6 

:  05 

5  40.  1 
12  55.5 
12  19.2 
16  05 
22  21.7 


9  28.  4 
10  4(i.  3 
14  46.0 


Lat. 


Dep. 


Feel. 
UiO.  5 

177.7 
2'Hi.  3 
115.4 

105.  5 
122. 0 
172.  1 
70.4 
.533. 5 
1 10. 2 


83.  0 
124.  5 
270.  3 


Feet. 
146.  4 

188.8 
'M>.  7 
134.6 

69. 5 
1.56.7 
131.8 

59.  3 
338.  4 

2;;i.o 


89. 6 
126.  ti 
224. 9 


Proportional 

errors. 

Az. 

Lat. 

Dep. 

// 

/■•.(/. 

Feet. 

27.2 

3. 40 

3.31 

4.03 

4.72 

3. 92 

2. 46 

2.  49 

2. 42 

2. 74 

1.46 

2.  96 

2.  88 

2. 97 

2.  49 

2.51 

3.  .'•.9 

4.  .52 

4.90 

7.  .52 

7.50 

69. 2 

5. 14 

4. 79 

16.4 

2. 75 

2.  85 

10.  (t 

2.51 

2.;i5 

362 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


The  mean  of  sixty-nine  lines  shows  that  the  average  error  of  our  topo- 
graphical surveys,  by  this  .■^'^thod,  was  about  one  foot  in  three  hundred 
The  means  for  the  various  seasons  show  a  constant  increase  in  the  ticuracy. 
The  mean  error  of  1873  is  larger  than  the  others,  and  arises  from  the  want 
of  experience  on  the  part  of  one  or  two  assistants.  Most  of  the  work  of 
that  summer  was  done  under  fair  circumstances,  including  several  days  of 
high  winds  which  cannot  oe  avoided  on  the  plains.  The  work  luring  the 
winter  of  1873-74  was  done  under  very  unfavorable  circumstances.  The 
thermometer  was  near  zero  every  day,  and  most  of  the  lines  were  run  over 
swamps  and  ice,  where  it  was  almost  impossible  to  keep  the  instrum  ,.  t  In 
level.  The  two  lines,  Nos.  10  and  11,  were  run  on  the  ice  of  the  Koseau 
River,  and  up  through  the  swamp,  to  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  One,  over 
seventeen  miles  in  length,  closed  within  about  three  hundred  feet  (j^),  and 
the  other,  nearly  twenty-six  miles  long,  closed  within  about  five  hundred 
feet  (±J. 

Line  No.  14  was  run  on  the  ice  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  mean- 
dered the  shore  from  the  forty-ninth  para  lei  to  Rainy  River.  It  was  closed 
on  a  sextant  latitude  stal  ion,  and  a  carefully  observed  azimuth.  Although 
more  than  forty-six  mih  s  in  length,  its  error  in  azimuth  was  only  14'  20", 
or  7".7  for  each  course,  and  in  latitude  only  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet, 
or  ^.  These  lines  were  run  by  Mr.  0.  L.  Doolittle,  and  reflect  great  credit 
on  his  carefulness  and  precision. 

The  work  in  1874  was  all  done  by  experienced  assisvants,  and  under 
the  ordinary  circumstances  to  be  met  on  the  plains,  that  is,  a  l.igh  wind  and 
"boiling"  of  the  air  on  three  days  out  of  five.  The  error  is  seen  to  be 
about  jjj.  This  I  take  to  be  the  greatest  accuracy  that  can  be  expected  for 
a  whole  season's  work,  when  the  party  is  so  pressed  for  time  that  it  cannot 
lie  over  on  windy  days.  Several  individual  lines  are  much  more  accurate. 
The  smallest  error  is  in  Line  No.  45  by  Mr.  Doolittle,  length,  about  ten 
miles  and  error  ^^.  This  of  course  is  accidental;  but  thero  are  eleven  lines 
whoso  error  is  less  than  ~.  The  last  three  means  are  obtained  by  dividing 
the  lines  into  three  equal  sets,  according  to  length.  For  the  five  set,  with 
a  mean  length  of  about  three  miles,  the  erroi  was  .^i  for  the  second,  with 
a  length  of  about  nine  miles,  ^;  and  for  liie  thivd,  with  a  length  of  about 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


363 


eighteen  miles,  ^^;  that  is,  the  longer  lines  were  the  more  accurate,  in  pro- 
portion to  their  length.  This  probably  shows  a  considerable  error  on  one 
or  two  courses  of  the  short  lines,  which,  divided  by  a  small  distance,  gives 
a  large  proportional  error.  The  same  error  distributed  over  a  long  line 
would,  of  course,  be  much  smaller  proportionally.  It  is  also  probable  that 
the  accidental  errors  tend  more  nearly  to  counterbalance  each  other  in  long 
lines. 

As  the  proportional  errors  are  smaller  for  the  long  lines  than  the  short, 
it  would  seem  ^^robable  that  there  are  no  cumulative  errors,  such  as  lost 
motion  in  tangent-screws,  &c. 

An  error  once  made,  however,  is  carried  through  to  the  end  of  the  line, 
and  as  it  is  impossible  to  discover  where  the  en-or  is,  the  only  feasible 
method  of  adjustment  is  that  which  we  have  adopted;  namely,  to  distribute 
the  azimuth-error,  proportionally,  in  each  course,  and  the  position-errors  in 
each  course  proportionally  to  its  length. 

As  the  result  of  our  own  experience,  then,  the  average  accuracy  of 
surveys  Avith  the  stadia  is  3^^  under  good  circumstances  we  may  expect  435, 
and  on  selected  days,  with  great  care,  ji  can  be  obtained. 

This  shows  that  this  method  is  available  for  surveys  for  maps  of  a 
scale  of  lujijij,  or  about  six  inches  to  the  mile. 

The  plane-table  is,  of  course,  superior  for  minute  topography  in  certain 
localities,  in  populated  countries,  &c. ;  but  for  meandering  streams  on  the 
plains,  I  think  the  stadia-method  is  the  best.  If  there  are  ravines  to  be 
crossed,  its  measurements  are  more  accurate  than  those  made  with  the 
chain;  and  it  has  advantages  at  all  times  in  its  great  celerity  in  giving 
heights,  as  well  as  distances,  and  in  the  fact  that  all  the  measurements  are 
under  tlie  control  of  the  engineer.  The  plane-table  would  be  useless  on 
the  plains,  on  account  of  high  winds,  dust,  and  sudden  storms. 

General  Comstock,  in  charge  of  the  Lake  Survej^,  states  that  he  con- 
siders yj^j  on  ordinary  ground  to  be  the  precision  of  good  chaining  and  ,-55 
that  of  good  stadia-work.  On  rough  and  broken  ground,  the  stadia  was 
equal  to  the  chain  in  precision,  and  on  bad  ground  was  superior.  lie  adds, 
"In  topographical  work  our  main  lines  are  chained,  or  derived  from  chained 
bases  which  have  an  accuracy  of  ^^^  to  g^;  the  side  lines  diverging  from 


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if 


'1'  ♦! 


364 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


these,  and  checked  by  returning  to  them,  are  all  stadia-lines,  whose  average 
accuracy  (probable  error)  I  estimate  at  gjg  to  i  for  distances  of  1,000  feet." 

Prof.  S.  W.  Robinson  states  that  the  error  of  stadia-measurement  has 
been  found  to  be  about  ^J^  to  ^^,  and  that  lines  "have  been  run  from  one 
to  six  miles,  and  over  heights  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  feet, 
in  which  the  final  en-or  in  height  rang-ed  from  0  to  1.5  feet,  with  no  more 
iliarj  ordinary  care."  We  have  no  precise  data  for  determining  the  errors 
in  height.  Some  of  the  lines  were  closed  on  points  whose  approximate 
height  was  determined  by  the  barometer,  or  by  trigonometric  leveling. 
The  errors  ranged  from  four  to  one  hundred  feet ;  the  greater  part  of  this 
was  probably  in  the  barometric  result.  The  superiority  of  this  method  of 
survey  over  that  with  the  chain,  in  very  rough  country,  is  clearly  shown  by 
lines  36,  £  7,  and  38.  All  of  these  lines  were  along  the  tangent.  Nos.  36 
and  37  were  in  the  Coteau — a  series  of  irregular  hills  in  close  proximity — 
and  both  of  them  gave  measurements  less  than  the  chain,  by  nearly  the 
same  amount,  about  jj^.  No.  3S  was  also  .along  the  same  tangent,  but  on 
level  ground.  It  differed  from  the  chained  measurement  by  only  one  foot 
in  nearly  four  miles ;  the  intermediate  errors — never  larger  than  a  few  feet — 
having  balanced. 

Minor  compass-surveys. — In  connection  with  these  stadia-lines,  surveys 
of  small  extent  along  minor  features,  such  as  branch-ravines,  &c.,  were  made 
with  a  six-inch  compass,  the  distances  being  estimated  from  pacing. 

The  variation  of  the  compass  was  obtained  from  the  true  azinuith  of 
the  stadia-line,  and  those  compass-surveys  started  and  closed  on  points  of 
the  stadia-line.  They  were  of  small  extent,  seldom  a  mile  in  length, 
although  aggregating  about  two  hundred  miles.  Their  average  accuracy 
is  about  ^\.     They  were  adjusted  in  the  same  manner  as  the  stadia-lin  s. 

The  Jtocky  Mouyilains. — The  portion  of  the  Rocky  ]\[oimitains  cros'Sed 
by  the  49th  parallel,  between  the  summit  and  the  eastern  slope,  is  about 
twenty-six  miles.  In  this  inaccessible  region  the  method  of  stadia-surveys 
was  not  feasible,  and  we  had  not  the  time  for  a  comprehensive  triangtda- 
tion.  Hence  this  portion  of  our  map  is  not  as  accurate  in  detail  as  the 
others.  We  have,  however,  considerable  data  tor  constructing  it.  These 
data  consist  of  a  stadia-line,  by  Mr.  Doolittle,  along  the  eastern  slope,  and 


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KEPORT  OF  THE  COIEF  ASTEONO. .  i:;ll,  APPENDIX  B, 


365 


extending  into  the  valley  of  Belly  River  to  connect  with  the  British  Astro- 
nomical Station ;  of  a  careful  triangulation  of  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  under 
Captain  Gregory's  direction,  including  intersections  on  neighboring  peaks ; 
of  a  stadia-line  by  Mr.  Wilson,  from  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  through  the 
South  Kootenay  Pass,  over  the  water-shed  and  connecting  with  a  traverse 
made  in  1861,  to  the  Akamina  Station;  and,  lastly,  of  a  triangulation,  by 
myself,  of  certain  peaks  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  summit-monument, 
from  which  intersections  were  taken  on  all  the  piincipal  peaks  within  the 
five-mile  belt.  I  also  obtained  cross-intersections  on  these  points  from  a 
peak  at  the  head  of  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  located  accurately  by  Captain 
Gregory's  triangulation. 

The  principal  peaks  were  approximately  located  in  position  and  alti- 
tude by  these  means,  and  the  topography  was  supplemented  by  numerous 
profile  sketches.  To  accomplish  the  triangulation  near  the  summit  I  fol- 
lowed the  old  and  very  blind  trail  along  Akamina  Creek  to  the  base  of 
the  water-shed,  where  I  identified  the  astronomical  station  of  1860-'61  by 
the  observing-logs,  old  boxes,  &c.  Here  I  observed  for  azimuth,  and 
measured  a  base-line.  The  length  of  this  was  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  forty-nine  feet,  being  the  mean  of  four  measurements  with  the  Stack- 


pole  tape,  diflfering  from  each  other  by  less  than  one  inch,  or 


itlOOO' 


From 


this  base  the  triangles  were  expanded  to  the  peaks  near  the  summit-monu- 
ment, and  from  them  intersections  were  taken.  I  had  intended  to  extend 
the  triangles  to  a  point  about  two  miles  south  of  tlie  monument,  where, 
from  an  altitude  of  nearly  nine  thousand  feet  above  the  sea,  and  five  thou- 
sand feet  above  Chief  Mountain  Lake,  the  whole  country  can  be  seen, 
but  I  found  it  impossible  to  transport  the  heavy  eight-inch  theodolite  be- 
yond the  monument.  This  monument  is  finely  placed,  upon  the  very  water- 
shed of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  at  an  altitude  of  six  thousand  seven  hundred 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  in  the  center  of  a  flat  saddle,  about  five  hundred 
by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  and  is  overlooked,  on  the  north  and  south, 
by  sandstone  knobs,  from  eight  hundred  to  a  thousand  feet  higher  than 
itself  On  the  east  is  a  sheer  precipice  of  nearly  two  thousand  feet,  termi- 
nating in  a  lake  which  discharges,  through  the  Saskatchewan  River,  into 
Hudson's  Bay.     On  the  west  the  slope  is  steep,  but  still  accessible  with 


!    IM 


# 


ih\  l\ 


366 


UNITED  STATBa  NOKTUEKN  BOUNUAEY  COMMISSION. 


0  re,  and  terminates  in  a  lake  discharging  through  the  Columbia  River 
into  the  Pacific.  The  monument  is  a  rude  pyramid  of  undressed-sandstone 
blocks,  about  ten  feet  at  the  base,  and  eight  feet  high.  It  is  in  as  peifect 
order  as  when  built  in  1861.  Within  a  few  rods  of  the  cairn  the  divide  is 
reduced  to  a  mere  knife-edge  of  ragged  rock,  which  must  be  passed,  if  at 
all,  a  clieval.  It  was  at  this  point  that  I  found  it  impossible  to  transport  the 
transit  any  further.  In  company  with  one  of  the  men,  named  Macey,  I 
passed  over  tuis,  and,  taking  an  aneroid  barometer  with  me,  followed  the 
crest  of  the  divide  to  a  prominent  sandstone  peak,  about  two  miles  south  of 
the  line.  The  climbing  was  difficult,  for  the  sedimentary  sandstone  was 
weathered  in  vertical  cracks.  Some  of  these,  not  more  than  eight  or  ten 
feet  across  and  one  hundred  feet  or  more  deep,  we  easily  jumped ;  but  at 
the  larger  ones  we  had  to  let  ourselves  down,  from  ledge  to  ledge,  for  two 
hundred  feet  on  one  side,  and  ascend,  similarly,  on  the  other — a  tiresome 
operation,  after  the  novelty  of  the  first  two  or  three  trials  had  worn  off. 

The  view  from  the  peak  was,  however,  very  fine.  On  the  east  we 
could  see  over  the  tops  of  the  range  beyond  Chief  Mountain  Lake  on  to 
the  brown  plains  extending  indefinitely  eastward.  To  the  west  we  recog- 
nized the  broad  valley  of  the  Flathead  River,  and  beyond  that  another  mass 
of  mountains.  In  our  immediate  vicinity  was  a  most  tumultuous  mass  of 
mountains.  From  the  main  divide  the  ridges  curved  off  in  circles,  on  either 
side,  forming  vast  amphitheaters.  The  effect  was  heightened  by  the  im- 
mense masses  of  snow — some  of  them  more  than  a  mile  in  extent— covering 
the  northern  slopes  of  these  ridges,  and  frequently  terminating  in  lakes 
whose  intense  blue  revealed  great  depths. 

The  barometer  gave  the  altitude  of  this  peak  eight  thousand  six  hun- 
dred feet.  This  ought  to  be  about  the  timber-line  for  this  latitude  and  dis- 
tance from  the  sea,  but  this  line  is  not  at  all  distinctly  marked.  The  heavy 
pine  timber  of  the  valleys  did  not  seem  to  extend  much  beyond  the  altitude 
of  seven  thousand  feet,  and  terminated  gradually.  Beyond  thi4  were  in-eg- 
ular  bunches  of  dwarfed  upruce;  but  the  greater  part  of  the  curved  ridges 
was  destitute  of  any  tini})er,  and  this,  together  with  the  reddish-brown  color 
of  the  bare  rock,  and  the  curious  shapes  it  h«s  assumed  under  the  effects  of 


River 
Istone 
lerfect 
ddo  is 
,  if  at 
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coy,  I 
id  the 
uth  of 
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st  we 
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lakes 

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II 


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ROCKY   MOiJNT/i'M  FALLS     WE.ST  OF  CHIf:F   MOUhi'AlN   LAKE. 


.{'•T'O!: 


.(•I*   UltJtiido,  ■ 


» mi  11,0 


, ._  n     It;  camyiR  tlu;  ooitrt»o»  won-    kojit   by  t<  ^i.^-in^•|l  ■         "upasis, 

TiKiiuU.    <■■"  r  •.■ivl<dt;dl'.     Two  li{?)ii  B|iriii^'-'--.'iiUi  vvt-rt- einplrtyod,  oih^  -vmy 
11(1  Jhit;M '>ti    prooii '>«.»l    jtoiiit-;,  ^ihI   1))<' OiluT  tJ: 
who  higlit  d  on  llio  fl.  '  .k-ifht'd  t]i«  mpoyTi.|iliy. 


111;.'   u  I   ;. 

'I    ilO    iil!>       1 


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,.i 


SA<-,.   ■  »,-  i  1  ,"■.•■                                                                                  '  '                    ;< 

i»v,_^.. ,   ;  (1                .,     iiu.n..l;',rv   If  t\ji'      '          .ui-l   ill'                x>u(i  iifin 

SfM-   8h  V  t,u  ioii.  Bi'Otcn.     In  ini'liiuui  to  llns,  a  rcOui,;i,t,.--;uicc;  ol'  iho 

Ci.M'.^H  K.  ihii   Mmoari   [vivorwaH  luddv  ivliilv  »!t>0'.M:"!ii'j.   fliut  str<aiii  i:> 

Louts,   in  >0I''.    1'''"      1874.       'I'ijO    fiatTOlll'"'''    ''   ■■-   "i  <      '■■-   L'!').  .    ^^^::     '.mi 

«uii/t:i^  ji                 1.^;  thu  courses  ntili. 

\-  ;'.  ,.,,ii    M'  -    ■  t*^ft  '  vlocity  tif  liu'  i;uri  .oit  .iitis'                       .  ?: 

.ii;    '-  -  .  ■..„:-■•         *  "    'liijitTt    'lit'                                  ■                               ■   l>'   I'H.   rt-i''-'  .'■•• 


iy  ,fi:!'\:.,,-- 


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Ill 

1 1  I 


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J.r.i.  ti     nip[)Ob6  ibiU  the  fesiilt  is  'f  ''and  h  o,  and  tl.if  llif'  a.stmriuniii4i.! 
f'o  ordiiia-f    an?  a  B  nnd  />  (.''  .•  «,'icli  oou'rsri  \-  then  <  ojTf  i  f>^  in  ayiumth  ly 


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KEPOKT  OF  TDE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


367 


tho  weather,  combined  to  give  an  exceedingly  wild  and  rugged  appearance 
to  the  whole  landscape. 

Meconnaissanccs. — Trails  passed  over,  outside  the  belt  of  accurate  sur- 
vey, were  approximately  surveyed.  The  basis  of  the  survey  was  the 
iistronomical  position  of  tho  various  camps,  where  observations  were  taken, 

n  north  and  south  stars  for  latitude,  and  east  and  west  stars  for  time.  The 
trail  generally  began  and  ended  at  points  accurately  known,  and  thus  we 
had  the  means  of  determining  the  traveling  rate  of  the  chronometers.  Be- 
tween the  camps  the  courses  were  kept  by  a  six-inch  vernier  compass, 
mounted  on  a  jackstaif.  Two  light  .^j*  ing-cartii  were  employed,  one  carry- 
ing a  man  to  set  up  flags  on  prominent  points,  and  tho  other  the  assistant 
with  the  compass,  who  sighted  on  the  flags  and  sketched  the  topography. 
The  distance  was  derived  from  odometer  measurements.  The  courses  and 
distances  were  jilotted,  and  then  adjusted  to  agree  with  the  astronomical 
work.  The  trails  thus  reconnoitered  were,  in  1873,  from  the  Mouse  River 
to  Fort  Totten;  in  1874,  from  the  Missouri  to  the  Boundary  along  the 
two  branches  of  Poplar  River,  the  Meridian  trail  to  Fort  Shaw,  the  Rip- 
linger  road  fi'om  the  Boundary  to  Fort  Shaw,  and  the  stage  road  from 
Fort  Shaw  to  Fort  Benton.  In  addition  to  this,  a  leconnaissance  of  the 
course  of  the  Missouri  River  was  made  while  desce  uling  that  stream  in 
boats,  in  September,  1874.  The  astronomical  camps,  as  before,  were  con- 
sidered as  'ixed  points ;  the  courses  between  them  were  kept  by  compass- 
readings,  an  1  tho  distance  was  obtained  from  a  record  of  the  time  combined 
with  estimates  of  the  velocity  of  the  curreni,  based  upon  some  rough  meas- 

'•ements  by  floats.  To  adjust  the  compass-work  to  conform  to  the  astro- 
isomical  pos!:k  ns,  the  co-ordinates  were  first  computed  and  summed  alge- 
braically bet  veen  camps. 


B! 


Let  us  sup))ose  that  the  result  \%  ah  and  h  c,  and  that  tho  astronomical 
CO  ordi nates  aro  a  li  and  B  C  ;  eacli  course  is  then  corrected  in  azimuth  by 


368 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTUEUN    IJOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


m 


the  angle  c  a  C,  and  multiplied  l)y  a  "factor  of  distance"  represeming  the 
ratio  of  a  c  to  a  C ;  the  co-ordinates  are  tiien  recomputed,  and  their  sum  is 
found  equal  to  a  B  and  13  C. 

The  "factor  of  distance"  varied  from  0.85  at.  Fort  Benton  to  0.57  near 
Bismarck,  showing  that  the  velocity  of  the  current  was  always  overestimated, 
and  more  at  the  lower  part  of  the  stream  than  the  upj)er ;  the  mean  was  0.6G. 
Our  estimated  distance,  from  Fort  Benton  to  Bismarck,  was  one  thousand 
two  hundred  and  eighteen  miles,  agreeing  closely  with  that  of  the  steam- 
boat men;  but  the  adjusted  survey  reduces  this  to  805.4  miles. 

It  is  believed  ihat  tliis  reconnaissance  is  more  accurate  than  auy  other 
of  its  predeces.sors,  ])articnlarly  in  the  matter  of  longitudes  I  got  good 
observations  at  fifteen  of  tlie  seventeen  intermediate  camps,  and  had  six 
chronometers  to  get  the  kmgitudes.  The  longitude  of  Fort  Benton  was 
fixed  by  an  accurate  recdimaissance  from  the  Boundary -line.  That  of  Bis- 
marck had  been  determined  by  telegraph  From  observations  at  these 
points  I  deduced  the  traveling-rates.  The  most  important  change  from 
previous  maps  is  in  the  longitude  of  the  mouth  or'  the  Muscle  Shell  River, 
near  which  we  camped.  We  move  the  mouth  to  longitude  107^  53'  18" 
from  108°  08'  52",  as  given  on  the  engineer  map  of  the  Department  of 
Dakota. 

The  information  gained  from  these  various  reconnaissances,  and  thoso 
made  by  other  parties  of  the  survey,  has  been  combined  to  make  the 
reconnaissance  maps.  The  land-ofiice  jjlats  of  the  Canadian  Dominion  and 
the  United  States  have  been  utilized  to  fill  up  the  blanks  near  Red  River 
and  tlie  headwaters  of  Sun  River.  Yotir  recoimaissances  in  18G9,  In 
Dakota,  have  also  been  used.     The  rest  of  the  map  is  our  own. 

In  the  appendix  is  a  sunnnary  of  the  astronomical  work. 

Construction  of  maps. — In  the  field,  the  topographical  note-books  were 
forwarded  to  me  by  the  assistants  in  charge  of  small  jjiirties.  The  lines 
were  then  platted  on  a  scale  of  jjj^,  upon  protractor  shect*^;  \.^^^\.  the  topog- 
raphy filled  up.  It  was  not  always  possible  to  keep  these  field-plata  up 
to  the  work  in  the  field,  but  they  were  completed  at  once  on  returning 
to  the  office.  After  the  stadia-notes  had  been  reduced  and  adjusted,  they 
were  plotted  by  co-ordinates  upon  forty-five  sheets  of  sujjer-royal  paper, 


i 


HEHOHT  OF  TUB  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APl'EXDIX  15. 


369 


on  a  scale  of  1  mile  =  1  inch,  or  ^^.  The  topography  was  filk-d  in  by 
reducing  from  the  field-plats.  This  formed  the  preliminary  series  )f  maps, 
and  represented  a  belt  of  country  five  miles  in  width,  on  the  United  States 
side  of  the  line,  and  extending  from  Rainy  River  to  the  summit  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  Photolithographic  copies  of  those  were  made  as  soon 
as  they  were  finished,  and  these  copies  were  furnished  to  the  British 
Commission.  They,  in  turn,  furnished  us  with  tracings  of  a  similpr  set  of 
maps,  showing  their  surveys  on  the  northern  side  of  the  Boundary.  From 
these  two  sets  of  preliminary  maps  the  final  joint  series  has  be«-n  con- 
structed, on  a  scale  of  1  inch  =  2  miles,  or  jJL_^,  the  reduction  being  made 
by  squares.  There  are  twenty-four  sheets  in  this  series.  In  both  series 
the  projection  used  was  the  polyconic.  The  forty-ninth  parallel  at  Lake  of 
the  Woods  being  taken  as  the  central  ])arallel,  each  sheet  was  projected 
with  reference  to  its  own  central  meridian,  and  the  parallel  shown  on  the 
nifip  was  the  parallel  actually  marked,  including  station -eiTors. 

The  reconnaissance  notes  were  reduced  and  adjusted  in  a  similar  man- 
ner, and  then  plotted  on  protractor  sheets,  on  a  scale  of  1  inch  =:  4  miles,  or 
a.,^0-  I''rom  these,  a  reduction  was  made  by  squares,  to  a  scale  of  ]  inch  = 
S  miles,  or  — L..  The  projection  was  polyconic;  the  central  parallel  being 
48''  IT)',  and  eacli  sheet  beiag  projected  with  reference  to  its  own  central 
nuM-idiiui;  the  borders  being  rectangular,  the  sheets  join  on  the  parallel  of 
47°  ;3()',  and  overlap  on  the  parallel  of  49°. 

Each  sheet  is  20.54  by  15  inches.  Six  of  these  sheets  show  the  gener".! 
outlines  of  the  topography  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  and  l)etween  .he  parallels  of  47°  ,'iO'  and  41)°  10'.  The  seventh 
sheet  is  a  jirofile  along  the  boundary.  The  data  for  this  are  the  barometric 
heights  at  the  Unit('<l  States  astronomical  stations,  the  trigononietric  altitudes 
on  the  United  States  tangents,  and  accurate  leveling  for  forty-five  miles 
west  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  The  horizontal  scale  of  this  sheet  is  1 
inch  =  8  miles,  to  agree  with  the  others,  and  the  vertical  scale  1  inch  = 
2,000  feet. 


N    B- 


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■.,$i  f-- ■.;.'_ ^:.Sije^* 


CHAPTER   III. 
OPKUATIONS    DUKINU    THE    WINTER   OF    187.!->74. 

Tlie  experience  gained  in  carrying  on  a  snvvey  in  the  depths  of  wirier, 
in  f).  locality  where  the  tempenitnro  roacheil  a  point  oO"^  below  zero,  was  of 
such  a  novel  character  tliat  I  ihink  a  somewhat  detailed  account  of  it  will 
not  he  otit  of  place. 

As  pre%ionsly  stated,  on  the  conclusion  of  tlie  snmraer's  work  at  Fort 
Tdtten,  \  on  directed  mo,  October  2-i,  187"3,  to  proceed  to  Fort  Pembina 
with  ni}- parties,  and  complete  the  geodetic  and  topographical  work  between 
th(i  Re<l  River  and  the  Tjako  of  the  Woods;  and  to  adopt,  witlinut  examin- 
ation, the  intermediate  astronomical  stations  observed  bj'the  British  parties 
dnrin"-  the  rrecedinsr  winter.  These  two  stat'ons  were  at  West  Roseau  and 
Pine  Ridge,  nhoiit  twenty  and  fif'.3--six  miles  respectively  trom  Pembina;  and, 
together  with  the  joir,t  stiiticnib  at  Pembina  and  r>ake  of  the  Woods,  made 
four  stations  in  eighty -nine  miles.  The  Britisli  parties  had  also  made  topo- 
graphical siu'vevs  of  t!ie  six-mile  belt  on  their  side  of  the  line,  iiad  cut 
sight-lines  for  their  tangents,  and  had  marked  the  parallel  for  thirty-one 
miles  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Wo  left  Fort  Totten  on  the  2r)th  and  arri\  ed  at  Fort  Pembina,  on  the 
2i(th  of  October.  Tho  greater  part  of  this  journey  was  over  an  open 
prairie  from  T\hich  the  grass  Und  been  burne(t,  and  was  made  in  the  face  of 
a  northerly  snow-storm.  As  we  wove  insufficiently  clad,  having  only  tho 
n»,^geii  remains  oi'  rhe  smnmer^^  outfit,  we  suffered  considerably — moi'o 
Mwrliaps  than  during  the  •'♦■st  of  the  winter. 

On  anivinj?  at  Pembina  1  immediately  began  to  leorganize  tho  parries 

and  ]iio\idc  then- outfit  for  the  winter.     I  hired  enough  additional  nron  to 

catry  tliu  total  strength  nj)  to  forty-seven;  of  thv\*»(\  eight  wore  teamstcra 

:!7i 


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41;  :  i 


372 


UNITED  STATES  NOBTHEUX   BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


B  i 


and  seven  dog- drivers,  the  rest  being  divided  into  a  tangent-pr  rty  and  two 
stadia-parties. 

The  ontfit  to  be  provided  inchided  transportation,  clothing,  snow-shoes, 
forage,  rations,  tent-stoves,  and  iron  tent-jiins.  It  was  also  necessary  to  over- 
hanl  the  tents,  tools,  and  instrninents,  which  had  been  in  constant  use  through- 
out the  summer,  and  were  all  in  need  of  repairs 

The  best  form  of  transportation  wr.s  a  .subject  upon  which  I  asked  the 
opinion  of  the  settlers  in  the  Red  River  Valley  and  the  officers  of  the  British 
Commission.  1  found  that  what  was  connnonly  used  in  freighting  along  the 
Red  River  country  in  winter,  on  hard  roads,  was  either  wagon-beds  mounted 
on  runners  or  single  ox-sleds;  farther  north,  aroinid  Lake  Winnipeg  where 
there  are  no  roads,  dog-sleds  ai-e  in  universal  use.  ^J'lie  Engliyh  ofhcers 
advised  me  strongly  to  procure  dog-.sleds  at  once,  giving  it  as  their  oj)inion, 
based  upon  their  exptn-ienceof  the  previous  winter,  that  large  animals  could 
not  make  their  way  througli  the  .swamps.  I  tliouglit  it  best,  however,  to 
give  the  nmles  a  trial.  I  had  four  government  wagons  (six  mules  each),  an 
ambulance  (four  mules),  and  three  hired  teams,  two  of  which  were  drawn 
by  two  mules  each,  and  th(>  other  liy  a  pair  of  oxen.  After  some  difficulty 
I  succeeded  in  procuring  about  Pembina  a  sufficient  number  of  second- 
hand sleigh-runners,  known  by  the  freighters  as  "  Maincite  bol)s,"  for  all 
the  wagons.  These  were  repaired  and  fitted  with  new  tongues  for  long 
teams,  and  they  answered  the  purpose  very  well.  On  hard  i-oads  the  wagons 
weiu  loaded  as  high  as  six  thousand  pounds,  and  the  nuiles  found  no  trouble 
in  drawing  them.  Even  in  .soft  sno"- 1!'  .  >_' was  no  troulile  in  hauling  as  much 
;is  could  be  loaded  in  the  wagons,  provided  the  animals  could  find  a  hard 
footing  under  the  snow.  In  following  the  winding  roads  throiigh  the  woods 
great  care  was  required  in  driving  the  long  teams  (six  nudes),  and  even  this 
was  not  always  sufficient  to  keeji  dear  dt'  the  trees.  At  the  end  of  every 
trip  one  or  more  Itobs  would  l)e  broken ;  fortunately  then  was  ])l('nty  of  oak 
and  ash  available  for  r(']»iiirs,  for  during  tlic  ^\•iu^er  tlic  wood-Avork  of  every 
set  of  bobs  had  to  be  replaced.  'I'lie  mules  witlistood  the  extreme  cold  very 
well.  Tliev  were  occasiounlly  allowed  to  run  loos(>  daring  tin;  day,  but  at 
night  were  always  tied  up  in  the  sludter  of  fiie  thickest  bri!t4i  at  hand,  Imt 
witliout  any  covering.     Their  forage  allowance,  ns  was  to  l>e  expected,  had 


RKrOBT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER.  APPENDIX  P.. 


:}7:3 


to  1)0  largely  inci'eased.  Of  hay,  each  mulo  consumed  about  forty  pounds 
per  day  as  food  and  bedding,  an  ample  supply  having  been  cut  and  stacked 
for  onr  use  during  the  summer.  There  was  no  corn  to  be  had  in  the  country, 
and  their  grain  was  oats,  wheat,  and  barley.  Of  this  they  consumed  daily 
about  twelve  and  one-quarter  pounds  each;  an  allowance  greater  by  one- 
third  than  the  Anny  ration,  and  more  than  twice  as  largo  as  we  had  been 
feeding  during  the  summer.  I  could  detect  no  sickness  or  signs  of  weak- 
ness among  the  mules,  and  at  the  close  of  the  season  they  were  in  nearly 
as  good  condition  as  at  the  beginning.  Their  superiority  over  oxen  was 
clearl}'  pro^■ed,  as  I  had  an  ox-team  with  Mr.  Doolittle's  part}'.  Their 
greatest  daily  travel  was  eighteen  miles,  against  forty-four  for  the  mules. 
At  the  close  of  the  season  they  could  only  make  eight  miles  a  day,  and 
Avere  abandoned  by  their  owner,  whereas  the  mules  carried  us  from  Pem- 
bina to  Georgetown,  one;  hundred  and  forty  miles,  over  a  heavy  road,  in 
live  days.  With  these  heavy  teams  1  was  enabled  to  get  all  the  supplies 
for  the  winter  transported  to  a  depot  at  Point  d'Orme,  on  the  Roseau  River, 
thirty -three  miles  from  Pembina.  I  also  used  them  for  camp  trans[)ortation 
until  we  came  to  the  edge  of  the  Great  Roseau  Swamp,  about  midway  be- 
tween Red  River  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  I  tried  an  empty  sleigh  on 
this  swamp,  and,  in  so  doing,  mired  tlu;  mules  to  their  bellies,  and  lamed 
one  quite  l)adly.  To  my  great  surprise  it  was  found  that  the  svvauq)  was 
not  frozen  at  all,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  we  had  already  had  the  thermom- 
eter down  to  ;55''  below  zero.  The  cxplanat'  n  of  it  was  soon  discovered. 
The  swamp  is  covered  with  a  tall  and  strong  glass.  Before  the  cold  weather 
had  come  there  had  hcan  a  heavy  fall  of  snow,  which  had  bent  ddwu  the 
tops  of  the  grass,  but  not  into  the  water;  the  swamp  was  then  covered,  as 
with  a  blanket,  with  a  foot  or  more  of  snow,  separated  from  the  water  by 
a  stratum  of  air.  It  formed  a  perfect  protection  for  the  water,  whose  tem- 
perature was  slightly  above  the  freezing-point. 

Tlie  swamp  being  thus  impassiiblo  for  the  teams,  I  took  them  back  to 
Point  d'Orme,  and  thence  followed  up  the  Roseau  River  on  the  ice,  which 
was  about  eighteen  inches  thick,  to  Roseau  Lake,  and  thence  up  to  the  Pine 
Ridge  Station.  But  as  it  was  essential  that  the  tangent  shoulil  bo  carried 
across  the  swam]i,  it  was  necessary  to  provide  some  sort  of  transportation 


I'' 


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s..  ■,. 


p 


i 


ii 


374 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


for  Mr.  Wilson  and  a  small  party.  To  this  end  T  had  the  carpenters  iniiko 
in  camp  three  "tobogans"  or  flat  trains,  each  to  be  driven  by  a  single 
animal.  These  tobogans  were  made  of  two  pine  boards,  fastened  side  by 
side  with  transverse  cleats,  and  sprung  up  in  front  by  hot  water.  This  made, 
in  fact,  a  rude  sledge,  twelve  by  two  feet.  Its  load  was  packed  after  the 
fashion  of  a  dog-sled.  Before  taking  an  animal  on  the  swamp  it  was  neces- 
sary to  proj)are  a  road.  To  do  this  a  party  of  men  were  sent  ahead  on  snow- 
shoes,  and  by  passing  and  repassing  over  the  same  ground  the  snow  was 
packed  and  pressed  into  the  water;  it  instantly  froze,  and  in  a  few  minutes 
was  hard  enough  to  hold  several  tons,  and  there  was  no  danger  of  its  thaw- 
ing for  the  next  five  months.  Mr  Wilson  crossed  his  outfit  in  this  way,  and 
as  the  route  was  much  shorter  than  by  the  river,  1  had  the  road  widened  by 
the  same  j)rocess  of  jjacking,  and  it  was  used  by  the  large  teams  to  bring 
su])plies  up  to  Pino  Uidgo  Station.  It  was  not  a  very  safe  road,  however, 
for  the  drifting  snow  soon  tilled  it  up  to  the  level  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. It  was  not  distinguishable  bj'  the  eye,  and  had  to  be  followed  by  feel- 
ing, the  road  being  hard,  and  the  rest  very  soft  snow.  If,  by  any  careless- 
ness, a  sleigh  got  a  runner  off  the  road  and  in  the  soft  snow,  the  whole  was 
instantly  upset,  and  it  recpiired  several  hours  to  right  it  again.  This  mislia]) 
occurred  two  or  three  times. 

liej'ond  Pine  Ridge  the  dense  windfall  along  the  line  rendered  the  use 
of  large  sleighs  cpiite  imijossible.  By  following  the  ice  on  the  streams, 
however,  I  managed  to  carry  forward  enough  suj)plies  to  form  a  depot  on 
the  main  Ivist  Roseau  River,  about  ten  miles  north  of  the  line,  and  about 
thirty  miles  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  station. 

Beyond  this  depot  dog-sleds  were  absolutely  necessary,  and  I  procured 
six  of  tiieni  from  Pembina,  at  a  cost  of  about  880  for  each  train  complete, 
including  dogs.  The  dog-sled  used  in  the  Saskatchewan  and  Hudson's 
Bay  country,  consists  of  a  straight  piece  of  hickory,  or  ash  board,  about 
half  an  inch  thick,  ten  feet  huig  and  ten  inches  wide.  The  front  end  is 
bent  uf),  in  the  form  of  a  curl,  by  steam.  There  are  five  transverse  cleats 
which  prevent  the  sleil  iVom  splitting,  and  afl'ord  ])oints  to  which  are  attached 
the  loops  of  buffalo  thong  used  in  lashing,  'i'o  pack  the  .sled,  a  wrapper 
made  of  moose-skin  is  laid  out  flat  across  the  sled  and  the  load  is  placed  on 


KEPOKT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


375 


it,  as  compactly  as  possible;  tlio  wrapper  is  then  folded  over  and  the  lash- 
rope  is  passed  through  the  loops  on  either  side  in  succession,  from  front  to 
rear,  and  tightly  fastened.     The  team  generally  consists  of  four,  or  some- 
times iivo  dogs,  which  are  driven  tandem.     The  pure  Esquimaux  dog  is  the 
best.     His  fur  resembles  that  of  a  grizzly  bear  in  length  and  color,  and  ho 
weighs  from  seventy  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pounds,  and  is  short 
and  tliick  set.     I  had  only  three  of  these  in  the  whole  number,  the  rest 
being  a  motley  collection  of  largo  curs  of  all  kinds — the  only  requisite 
being  strength.     They  averaged  about  eighty  pninids  in  weight,  were  soon 
broken  to  harness,  and  worked  very  well.     The  most  important  dog  in  the 
team  i.s,  of  course,  the   leader.     If  he  is  intelligent  and  willing,  all  goes 
well;  if  not,  there  is  always  trouble  and  often  disaster.     The  harness  con- 
sists of  a  light  collar  of  moose-leather,  padded  with  hair  around  a  piece  of 
one-fourth-inch  iron,  a  pair  of  traces,  and  back  and  belly  bands.     Decora- 
tions in  the  shape  of  bells,  fancily  Avorked  cloth  covering  the  back,  flags, 
itc,  are  added,  according  to  the  taste  and  means  of  the  owner.     The  drivers 
which   I  hud  were   all  half-breeds  from  Pembina.      They  were  lazy  and 
unreliable,  and  apparently  very  cruel  to  the  dogs;  but  they  got  a  great 
deal  of  work  out  of  them,  and  were  themselves  capable  of  great  endurance 
1*!:  i-;inning,  and  possessed  of  enormous  gastronomic  powers.     The  art  of 
driving  uogs  consists  in  the  adroit  use  of  a  whip,  witii  a  short  stock,  but 
stout  lash  about  si.\  feet  long,  and  in  an  unbroken  volley  of  oatlis  in  bad 
French.     Wh(Mi  traveling  on  a  well-l«eaten  road,  the  leader  keeps  tiie  njad, 
and  the  driver  follows  at  a  half  trot,  in  rear  of  the  sled,  cracking  his  whip 
and  shouting  to  the  dogs.     Occasionally  he  thinks  they  are  lagging,  and  ho 
runs  out,  alongside  the  team,  and  gives  each  dog  a  sound  welting  and 
cursing,  beginning  with  the  leader;  the  howling  of  the  dogs  and  the  shout- 
ing of  the  driver  makes  a  very  lively  scene,  for  the  time,  but  everything 
soon  quiets  down  again.     The  cruelty  of  the  drivers  is  more  a[)parent  than 
real,  for  the  dogs  begin  to  howl  as  soon  as  they  see  the  whip,  and  as  their 
fur  is  nearly  six  inches  long,  it  takes  a  good  stroke  to  make  any  impression. 
Occasionally,  however,  their  cruelty  is  outrageous,  and  they  beat  their  dogs 
for  several  minutes  in  succession.     I  saw  one  driver — not  in  ui}'  employ — 
cut  off  a  dog's  ear  with  his  whip,  and  as  several  of  the  dogs  were  minus  an 


'I  .! 


I     5 


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UNITHD  STATKH  NOKTIlKltN    ItOlINDAUY  COMMISSION. 


our  when  thoy  ciimo  to  mo,  I  siipposo  tho  pmoticci  is  not  nnconiinoii.  Some, 
also,  luul  lost  the  sij>lit  of  ono  oyo,  which  wus  siiiil  to  ho  iliu'  to  tho  sumo 
ciuiso.  On  good  roads  such  as  ico,  hard  crust,  or  wcsll-packod  snow,  tho 
do<js  will  travel  along  at  ahout  lour  miles  an  hour  lor  ton  or  twelve  hours 
without  showing  i'aliguo,  and  carry  a  load  of  about  four  hundred  pounds 
per  sled  In  soft  snow  where  there  is  no  road  tho  difllcultlos  of  this  mode 
of  travel  are  alternately  ludicrous  and  vexatious  beyond  all  patioiu*.  Every 
ono  has  then  to  put  on  snow-shoes,  and  (me  man  goes  ahead  to  break  tho 
road;  tho  dogs  tug  along  after  him  for  a  low  hundred  yards  when  tho  sled 
is  brought  to  a  stand-still  by  some  twig  which  has  caught  fast  in  tho  lash- 
ing; the  dogs  lie  down  to  rest  with  perf(!(!t  unconcern,  and  the  driver  has 
to  maneuver  round  the  sled  (no  easy  matter  with  snow-shoes)  and  disengagt! 
the  lashing,  give  the  sled  a  start  and  a  few  cuts  to  the  dogs.  After  a  few 
of  these  mishaps  the  lashing  becomes  loose  and  tho  pack  begins  to  oscillate; 
if  |)assing  over  windfall  (sometimes  as  high  as  tho  shoulder)  one  dog  slips 
between  two  logs,  the  sled  oscillates  for  a  second  on  top  of  a  log,  and  then 
falls  bottom  side  up,  and  to  crown  all,  the  driver  slips  astride  of  a  log,  and 
tripping  on  his  snow-shoe,  is  ])recipitated,  head  first,  into  the  snow,  'riieii 
it  is  necessary  for  tho  whole  train  to  stop,  first  extricate  the  driver,  then  right 
the  sled,  take  oil"  the  load  and  entirely  repack  it — an  operation  recpiiring  a 
half  hour,  at  the  least.  On  such  roads  the  speed  is  reduced  to  about  two 
miles  an  hour,  and  tho  load  to  about  two  hundred  ])Ounds.  TIk?  dogs  require 
but  little  care.  Arrived  in  camp,  they  are  nidiarnessed  and  chained  to  tho 
nea  ,st  bush;  here  they  curl  up  and  burrow  in  the  snow,  and  sh^ep  com- 
ic -If  f  until  required  for  work  again.  Often,  in  tho  morning,  altera  heavy 
ix\  '  L  snow,  nothing  is  visible  but  their  noses.  Their  food  is  a  j)onud  of 
pennnican  ])er  day.  This  is  chopped  oft"  with  a  hatchet,  and  thrown  to 
them  in  one  lump  about  sundown,  or  at  tho  close  of  tho  journey.  If  pem- 
mican  cannot  bo  had,  they  aro  fed  on  lish  (about  throe  pounds),  or  meat,  or, 
in  fact,  anything  available.  Tlu!}-  are  great  thieves,  and  should  never  be 
allowed  to  run  loose  about  camp.  Occasionally  ono  will  manage  to  slip  his 
colhu",  and  make  way  with  ten  pounds  of  meat  din-ing  the  night,  rhey 
aro  never  fed  before  starting  on  a  journey,  as  it  makes  them  lazy.  Thoy 
eat  snow  for  water,  and  on  tho  regular  daily  meal  of  a  pound  of  pemmican 


i  i 


HKI'OKT  OK  TIIK  ("IIIKF  ASTHONOMKH,  ATPKNOIX  15. 


I'll 


kcoji  in  good  condition.  Those  tnat  I  liud  friiiiicd  iiliout,  ton  per  cont.  in 
weight  during  the  wintor. 

Oil  ftcc'oiint  of  file  extroni(dy  cold  wcuiIk  r  the  men  were  all  mipplied 
with  11  suit  of  ontside  clothing,  iit  ii  cost  of  S24  eucdi.     It  consisted  of — 

llead-genr — aclose-lillingskiill-ciii),  iniideof  two  thicknesses  of  bhinket, 
and  lined  with  flannel.  Sewed  to  this  was  a  liavelock,  also  of  blanket,  reach- 
ing to  the  shoulders,  and  fastening  under  the  nose.  'I'his  left  only  the  eyes 
and  nose  e.xposed.  In  addition  to  this  the  men  generally  wrapped  around 
the  face  and  ears  a  heavy  scarf  of  some  kind,  as  it  was  found  that  in  a  wind, 
on  the  o])en  swamps,  the  ears  were  frozen  through  the  blanket-cap. 

Sack-eoat — of  biiHalo-leather,  made  loose,  and  fastened  around  the 
waist  by  a  scarf. 

'IVowsers — of  bulValo-leather,  mad(!  "barn-door  fashion"  to  keep  out 
the  wind.  'I'he  coat  and  trowscrs  for  myself  and  assistants  were  made  of 
moos.'-leather,  which  is  closer  and  keejis  out  the  wind  better.  Its  co.st  is 
about  double  that  of  bulTalo-leather. 

Mittens — of  moose-leather,  lined  with  blanket,  with  gauntlets  reaching 
to  the  elbow.  'Vh<\s{\  wen;  made  large  so  that  a  pair  of  gloves  might  l)e 
worn  inside  of  thoin,  but  this  was  not  found  desirable.  The  mittens  were 
su.sj)ended  from  the  neck  by  a  string. 

Foot-covering — early  in  the  season,  wdiile  tla;  snow  was  wet,  I  tried 
the  Fort  Garry  "  beef-packs,"  but  when  the  thermometer  be<;aii  to  tret  down 
in  the  twenties  below  zero,  the.se  were  useless,  as  the  leather  froze  as  stilV 
as  iron.  I  then  procured  moccasins  for  the  whole  party.  They  were  made 
after  the  Sioux  pattern,  and  several  sizes  too  large.  'J'he  ordinary  covering 
for  the  foot,  throughout  the  rest  of  the  winter,  consisted  of  one  or  two  i)airs 
of  woolen  socks,  then  a  pair  of  "neejjs"  (slippers  rnado  of  blanket),  then 
a  .scpiare  pie(;e  of  blanket  wrapped  several  times  around  the  foot  from  heel 
to  toe;  liiially  the  moccasin  was  put  on,  more  to  keep  the  blanket  and  slip- 
per in  place  than  for  any  other  purpose.  This  method  of  covering  proved 
to  l)e  a  perfect  protection  to  the  i'oot,  provided  care  was  taken  to  always 
have  a  dry  pair  of  moccasins  and  stockings  on  hand.  The  feet  often  got 
wet  in  moving  about  a  lire,  and  to  start  out  on  a  journey  with  wet  stockings 
was  to  insure  the  fret;zing  <»f  the  feet. 


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The  trowsers  were  always  tied  tightly  around  the  ankle  to  keep  out 
the  snow,  and,  in  addition,  wo  sometimes  wore  leggins  made  of  moose- 
leather  or  of  blanket — the  latter  being  preferable,  as  the  snow  did  not  soak 
into  it  as  into  leather. 

The  leather  clothing  was  worn  over  a  suit  of  woolen  clothes  and  two 
or  three  suits  of  woolen  underclothes.  In  the  woods  where  the  wind  could 
have  no  force,  it  formed  a  perfect  protection,  and  the  men  worked  cheer- 
fully and  lustily  in  temperatures  of  20''  and  25°  below  zero.  But  on  the 
open  swamp,*a  temperature  of  —5°  accompanied  by  a  wind  was  sufficient 
to  put  a  stop  to  all  stationary  work,  such  as  mounding,  &c.  The  building 
of  the  moimds  across  the  Great  Roseau  Swamp  otrcupied  about  ten  days, 
whereas  there  was  not  more  tiuxn  three  days'  real  work  in  it ;  but  the  men 
could  not  work  more  than  an  hour  or  two  at  a  time,  and  on  some  days  could 
not  work  at  all. 

We  traveled  across  open  jilaces,  however,  in  all  sorts  of  weather,  luit 
it  was  accompanied  with  consicU'rable  suffering,  with  frozen  ears,  noses*,  and 
fingers,  with  icicles  hiinging  from  the  benrd,  and  the  e3'elashes  closed^  from 
time  to  time  with  ice.  Our  sudw-shoes  were  kindly  j)roc»n-ed  for  us,  from 
Montreal,  by  the  Ih-itish  Ci)nimissioii(>r.  They  were  well  made,  but  rather 
small  and  light  f'"'  our  work  among  brush  and  windfall.  They  generally 
broke  at  the  point  where  the  sides  meet,  near  the  rear  end,  and  at  the  close  <»f 
the  season  not  one  in  fifteen  puirs  was  fit  for  use.  They  nvasured  forty 
inches  in  length,  .and  sixteen  inches  in  width  at  the  widest  part,  and  weighed 
one  and  one-half  pounds  each.  Those  made  nnd  used  by  the  Indians  ab-Mit 
the  Lake  of  tlie  Woods  measured  sixty  to  seventy  inches  in  length,  fifteen 
inches  in  width,  and  weighed  three  and  three-cjuarter  jiounds.  The  sticks 
of  which  they  iire  made  are  an  inch  in  cross-section,  and  will  easily  bear  the 
weight  of  a  man  without  breaking  when  caught  on  a  stump. 

In  regard  to  supplies  of  rations  and  forage,  I  had  expected  to  purchase 
them  from  the  commissary  and  quartermaster  at  Fort  IVmbina,  but  he  could 
only  spare  me  ten  thousand  pounds  of  grain,  and  no  rations.  It  therefore 
was  necessary  to  procure  everything  from  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  other 
stores  about  Pembina.  The  supplies  were  of  excellent  fjuality,  but  the 
rations  cost  IT)  per  cent,  and  the  forage  HO  per  cent,  more  than  the  govern- 


BEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTUONOMEU,  APPENDIX  B. 


37U 


ment  price.  The  camp-equipage  was  thoroughly  overhauled  and  repaired 
as  soon  as  we  arrived  at  Pembina.  For  heating  the  tents  I  liad  wifii  me  six 
Sibley  stoves.  In  addition  to  these  I  had  the  blacksmith  make  eight  box- 
stoves  of  light  sheet-iron,  14  X  10  X  12  inches,  and  the  necessary  pipe. 
This  gave  one  stove  to  nearly  every  tent,  and  some  of  the  men's  tents  were 
joined  together,  end  to  end,  so  as  to  make  one  stove  heat  both.  These  box- 
stoves,  although  more  difficult  to  transport,  were  in  every  other  way  sujie- 
rior  to  the  Sibley.  Water  and  dishes  could  be  heated  on  them,  which  was 
a  very  important  consideration  when  everything  metallic  was  so  cold  in  the 
morning  that  it  could  not  be  held  with  the  naked  hand.  Moreover,  we  were 
often  dependent  on  snow  for  water,  and  required  some  place  to  melt  it,  and, 
worst  of  all,  we  sometimes  en-.-amped  on  a  frozen  swamp  where  the  linj  in 
a  Sibley  stove  would  melt  the  ice,  which,  in  turn,  would  extinguish  the  fire 
Great  care  was  required  in  guarding  against  fire  with  so  many  stoves.  In 
spite  of  our  caution,  during  the  winter  two  tents  wer«f  entirely  destroyed, 
with  a  considerable  amount  of  clothing  and  bedding,  and  every  tent  we  had 
was  more  or  less  punctured  with  spark-holes. 

Wo(tden  tent-])ins  were  useless  in  the  hard-frozen  ground.  The  iron 
pins  were  very  good,  but  many  of  them  were  lost  in  the  snow,  the  men 
Iteing  rather  careless  about  them,  since  we  alwa}s  camped  in  thickets 
where  the  ropes  could  be  secured  to  a  bush  or  tree. 

The  tents,  thus  urranged,  and  banked  with  three  feet  of  snow  on  the 
outside,  were  very  comfortable — that  is,  the  temperature,  during  the  day, 
was  35"  or  40°  against  —20^  outside,  and  this,  with  our  thick  clothing, 
was  sutliciont.  I  do  not  remember  hearing  a  single  complaint  all  winter  of 
loss  of  sleep  from  cold,  even  when  the  nights  were  as  cold  as  45"^  below 
zero.  With  the  large  Hudson  IJay  blankets  the  me-i  used  to  make  a  bed 
.«*trct(Iiiug  across  the  tent,  about  eight  thicknesses  of  blanket  under  them, 
and  four  thicknesses  of  blanket  and  a  bufl'alo-robe  over  them,  the  whole 
well  tucked  in  on  the  sides  and  ends.  In  this  four  men  slejjt.  Myself  and 
assistants  slept  sej)arately,  and  each  had  a  bag  of  buffalo-leather,  eight  feet 
long,  and  about  the  same  in  circumference.  This  was  surrouudod,  above 
and  below,  by  several  thicknesses  of  blanket,  and  tlu^  whole  wiis  strappeil 
up  in  the  canvass  bed-cov(*r.     On  first  getting  into  it  it  was  very  cold,  anti 


380 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTHKttN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


' 


it  required  Iialf  an  hour  for  the  heat  of  the  body  to  warm  it.  After  that  wo 
slept  without  interruption  till  daylight 

While  the  preparationa  for  the  winter  were  being  made  at  Pembina 
the  parties  were  not  idle.  The  third  day  after  our  arrival  enough  leather 
suits  were  finished  to  clothe  Mr.  Doolittle's  party,  and  a  few  nights  before 
the  thermometer  had  suddenly  gone  several  degrees  below  zero,  freezing  the 
river  to  a  depth  of  more  than  a  foot,  and  rendering  a  crossing  very  simple; 
consequently  I  started  him  out,  November  4,  to  begin  topographical  work  at 
the  twelve-mile  ridge.  From  there  he  worked  on  to  the  east,  and  arrived 
at  the  Roseau  River,  where  I  vi.sited  him  on  the  23d,  and  directed  him  to 
survey  the  course  of  that  river  on  the  ice,  and  close  his  line  on  the  Pine 
Ridge  Station.     Wo  all  met  there  on  the  15th  December. 

About  the  r)th  November  I  moved  the  other  parties  from  Fort  Pembina 
to  the  east  bank  of  the  Red  Ifiver,  near  the  Hudson's  Bay  post;  hero  I  ob- 
served for  azimuth,  and  began  to  trace  the  tangent  eastward,  and  Mr.  Wil- 
son and  Mr.  Downing  made  topographical  surveys  in  the  neighborhood.  At 
the  same  time  I  sent  out  about  twenty  thousand  pounds  of  supplies  to  form  a 
depot  near  Point  d'Urme,  on  the  Roseau  River.  About  the  20th  November 
I  finished  the  first  tangent,  and  moved  the  parties  to  Lieutenant  Galwey's 
Station  at  Roseau  Ridge.  Tlic  thermometer  had  already  been  down  in  the 
minus  twenties,  and  the  winter  was  fairly  begun.  Nearly  everything  in  the 
commissariat  lino  was  frozen  hard.  The  beef  had  to  be  sawed  off  in  slabs 
like  limestone;  vinegar,  if  left  in  an  open  vessel,  had  to  be  chopped  out 
with  a  hatchet ;  several  novices  attempted  to  drink  out  of  metallic  cups 
without  first  warming  them  in  water,  and,  as  a  result,  left  the  skin  of  their 
lips  on  the  cups ;  the  dark  mules  were  white  and  glistening  with  frost  in 
the  morning;  and  various  other  novel  and  amusing  effects  of  a  minimum 
temperature  were  v/itnessed.  At  this  station  I  observed  for  azimuth  on 
three  nights  when  the  thermometer  was  20°  or  more  below  zero.  In  antici- 
pation of  the  cohesion  of  the  parts  from  the  congealing  of  the  oil,  I  had 
previously  taken  each  instrument  apart  and  carefully  wiped  off  every  par- 
ticle of  lubricant  with  warm  c(»tton  in  a  hot  room.  I  have  since  been  told 
that  black  lead  makes  an  excellent  lubricant  in  extremely  cold  weather, 
but  I  did  not  know  of  this  at  the  time,  and  it  was  hoped  that,  with  perfectly 


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eU|)t  witlifHit  iutflrru|>ti<'»  till  <1^l^lt{J•ht. 

Wliilt'  tlii-  jjrcparati'Mis  fur  iho  ninUM-  wi-n^  hchit^  maUi'.  ai  f.  liiiiii... 
tlio  iiarticjf  AMTf  not  idi«-.  I'lio  third  diy  after  "ur  urriv;,!  vu()y\'^h  Ic.ither 
M'lifs  yityn-  linif'hcd  (i»  rh'th'  *li.  I  >im.'I!  •!.•'.-■  m-,.}' \.  .lixl  a  ffuv  iii;i:hr.j  Ijciurf 
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Ii'   ;'(tlt  Nov.'Uil'Vr^  1  uif>M)iHhi!  <a|io' |HirlIi'fl  I.  K  .  ivhiim 

I  t>iu,k  uf  tlu.'  W('<J  IJiv-r,  .ii'iir  thd  lliK'-'ii'tt  l?!>v  |it.sr,;    in'ir  I  nl.i- 
p.  M..I  till*  ii'iiituth,  an'l  i.>v;;rtni  I"  inicv the  t.itijii  iit     i.-ivvsn'i' 
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*lf|"f    I'  r 

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St.;iti>tn  It  IkitfM'iiiJ  (u  1'.'. .     'I'hf  .  .  I..i(t  ills.' 1  !\  If-t-n      ■\'     »     " 

liiiiHi?*  t\v»Mitic,-,  I'll!  ",'  I,'  vvnitcr  'S.t»  l;iiriv  ix  l.''"'-      Nearly  rV'-rv  .■,  i.  •  m 
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tich' i,if  >»j  t'l  .■  s'O  !•...'      i'lti'ti  fold 

tJiUt  hhick  i<  ijd  iiiKic  i.n  i  ■    I  !  sviMthrr. 

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REPORT  OP  THK  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  «. 


:j81 


clean  surfaces,  the  plates  would  not  adlioro  to  each  other.  The  first  night's 
work  was  very  unsatisfactory.  Out  of  six  sots  of  observations  three  had  to 
bo  rejected,  and  the  remaining  three  had  a  range  of  over  1'.  In  those  re- 
jected the  readings  of  the  arc,  for  lamp  east  and  lamp  west,  differed  by 
several  degrees  from  each  other;  this  showed — as  the  lower  clamp  was  fast 
and  the  upper  one  perfectly  loose — that,  in  turning  the  instrument  180°  in 
azimuth,  the  plates  had  held  fast  together  while  the  spindles  had  moved  one 
within  the  other.  Besides  this,  it  was  found,  on  examining  the  clamp  and 
taiij.  ont-motion,  that  when  the  tangent-screw  was  turned  away  from  the 
spring,  the  latter  did  not  follow  tlie  screw,  the  spindles  being  so  frozen  to- 
gether that  the  spring  was  not  sufficient  to  move  them.  After  fixing  the 
cross-hairs  upon  any  object,  as  a  slow-moving  star,  the  tangent-screw  could 
bo  moved  away  from  the  spring  initil  nearly  out  of  its  socket,  and  still  the 
cross- hair  would  be  on  the  star,  wlien,  suddenly,  witli  a  jump,  the  star  would 
leave  the  field  altogether.  The  weakness  of  this  spring  was  partially  rem- 
edied by  strengthening  it  with  rubber  bands,  but  the  adhesion  of  the  spin- 
dles cotdd  not  be  prevented.  The  only  method  to  pursue  was  to  place  the 
azimuth  mark  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  nieridian  so  that  the  instrument 
would  have  to  b(>  turned  only  slightly  in  azinnith  during  the  observations ; 
then  make  a  set  of  observations  with  lamp  east — make  a  fresh  setting — and 
observe  with  lamp  west. 

Tlio  meridian  mark  and  tangent  had  then  to  be  connected  by  a  long 
series  of  repetitions,  which  gave  very  discouraging  results,  the  only  re- 
source being  to  take  a  great  number  of  readings,  and  reject  ail  which 
differed  very  largely  from  the  mean. 

The  usual  number  of  sets  of  observations  for  azimuth,  in  the  sunnner, 
was  four,  and  the  range  of  them  averaged  34"  in  187i},  and  22"  in  1874. 
During  the  winter  it  was  found  necessary  to  take  from  eight  lo  fifteen  sets, 
to  get  even  a  tolerable  result,  and  the  average  range  was  1'  53".  These 
poor  results  were  all  the  more  discouraging  from  the  fact  that  they  involved 
so  much  labor,  and  such  great  personal  discomfoi't.  If  a  tangent  screw  was 
touched  with  the  bare  fingers  the  instantaneous  result  was  a  "  burn,"  and 
not  a  temporary  sensation,  but  one  like  that  from  a  liot  iron,  lasting  several 
minutes.     If  the  fingers  were  wet  the  metal  clung  to  tlieni  so  tightly  that 


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it  could  only  bo  removed  with  the  skin.  Tlio  lamps  burned  nbout  fifteen 
minutes  before  the  oil  congealed  and  extinguished  them,  henco  it  was  neces- 
sary to  have  duplicate  sets  at  the  mark  and  about  the  instrument,  ono  set 
being  constantly  by  the  fire.  For  tlio  comfort  of  the  recorder,  an<l  as  a 
refuge  for  the  observer,  it  was  found  necessary  to  pitch  a  tent  within  a  few 
feet  of  the  instrument,  and  to  keep  a  bright  fire  in  it.  If  the  wind  blew  the 
smoke  in  the  direction  of  the  instrument  the  observations  had  to  cease,  for 
the  fire  was  essential  to  thaw  out  the  lamps,  keep  the  observer's  fingers 
flexible,  and  occasionally  unfasten  his  eyelashes  stuck  together  with  frost. 
The  pain  in  the  eyes,  from  the  proximity  of  the  cold  eye-piece,  was  at 
times  very  severe,  and  occasionally  brought  tears,  which  congealed  in  little 
icicles  depending  from  the  eyelashes,  and  gave  the  face  a  comical  look, 
somewhat  like  that  in  the  children's  pictures  of  Jack  Frost. 

The  chronometers  were  packed  in  straw  to  protect  them  as  much  as 
possible  from  sudden  changes  of  temperatures.  As  the  winter  went  on  tho 
oil  gi'adually  thickened  and  tho  rates  changed  from  about  — 2'  to  about 
—  10',  but  on  tho  whole  they  did  good  service,  the  change  being  gradual. 

After  returning  to  the  ICast  I  took  them  to  the  makers,  Jlessrs.  Negus 
&  Co.,  of  New  York,  who  said  that  these  sudden  changes  (say  from  — 3.')° 
outside  to  -f-40°  inside  a  tent)  had  injured  tho  metal  of  some  of  the  more 
delicate  parts  so  much  that  they  had  to  be  replaced. 

The  topographical  parties  had  less  trouble  with  their  instruments,  as 
tiieir  work  was  done  in  tho  day-time,  when  tho  thermometer  was  from 
20^  to  .'JO^  higher  than  during  the  night.  Tho  accuracy  of  their  work 
(1  in  .")00)  was  nearly  equal  to  that  of  tho  summer. 

Our  experience,  then,  i)roves  that  fair  topographical  work  can  be  dono 
in  a  sena-arctic  climate,  and  that  astronomical  work  of  a  certain  .sort  can 
also  bo  done,  l)ut  that  refinements  are  out  of  the  question.  While  at  Koseau 
Ridge  I  carried  the  tangent  eastward  thirteen  miles,  to  Point  d'Orme,  on  tho 
Roseau  River,  i\rc'ssrs.  Wilson  and  Downing  completing  the  topograpliy,  and 
keeping  tho  field-plots  up  with  tho  surveys.  On  tho  27th  of  November  wo 
moved  over  to  Point  d'Orme,  and  I  left  Mr.  Wilson  hero  to  make  tho  neces- 
sary azimuth  observations  and  to  carry  tho  tangent  on  to  the  next  junction, 
at  the  forty-mile  point,  while  I  returned  to  Pembina  to  complete  the  pur- 


i{i:rouT  or  tiik  cuiei'  abthonomkk,  ai-pknihx  h. 


:\m 


chnse  of  HupplicH  for  tlio  winter.  1  retiiriu'd  to  cninj)  on  tlio  7tli  Deconihor, 
and  wo  imnicdintely  moved  on  to  the  forty-mile  point,  and  made  a  Himg 
camp  in  a  thick  gi-ovo  of  sjtruces.  Here  the  neci'ssary  azimuth  observa- 
tions and  horizontal  angles  were  taken,  and  then  Mr.  Wilson  was  left,  as 
jn'oviously  described,  with  a  small  party  and  two  "  tobogans,"  to  cairy  the 
tangent  across  the  Great  liosean  Swamj),  while  1  took  the  other  parties  and 
sleigh-train  around  the  swamp  by  the  ice  of  Itoseau  lliver,  and  reached 
Pine  Ridge  Station  December  15.  All  the  parties  came  together  at  this 
point  the  next  day.  Mr.  Doolittle  was  then  provided  with  fresh  supplies 
and  sonio  "  tobogans,'"  and  directed  to  follow  the  ice  on  the  branches  of 
East  Roseau  River,  and  survey  their  courses  until  he  came  to  the  crossing 
of  the  boundary,  when  I  would  furnish  Iiim  with  dogs,  and  he  could  com- 
plete the  topograjdiy  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  survey  its  shore-line 
to  Rainy  River. 

As  the  British  Commission  had  marked  the  boundary-lino  bc'tweeu 
Pino  Ridge  and  the  Lake  of  the  "Vvoods,  it  was  unnecessary  for  me  to 
retrace  their  tangents.  It  only  remained  to  examine  their  azinuiths  at  one 
or  two  points.  Consequently,  I  left  the  greater  munber  of  the  men,  ani- 
mals, and  heavy  sleighs  with  ]\Ir.  Wilson,  at  Pine  Ridge,  and  directed  him 
to  complete  the  topographical  work  in  that  neighborhood,  and  then  begin 
building  the  mounds  westward.  Mr.  Downing  remained  at  the  same  point, 
to  iinish  the  field-plats.  The  dog-trains  arrived,  about  this  time,  from  Pem- 
bina, and  I  loaded  them  and  a  few  tobogans  with  enough  supplies  to  lai<t 
a  month  for  the  few  mon  I  took  with  me,  and  for  Mr.  Doolittle's  i)arty. 
With  those  I  went  eastward,  about  twenty-tivc  miles,  and  found  a  got)d 
location  for  a  small  depot  on  the  East  Roseau  River,  about  twenty  miles 
froHi  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  accessible  for  heavy  teams  from  Pine 
Ridgo  by  tho  ice  of  the  stream.  1  then  traveled  up  a  branch  of  tiiis  river 
to  tho  boundary-line,  where,  at  East  Roseau  azimuth  statioii,  the  two  parts 
of  tho  British  tangent  joined.  Here  I  was  delayed,  by  stormy  weather, 
from  December  *J3  to  30,  during  which  I  got  azimuths  on  two  nights  which 
were  partly  clear.  A  more  dismal  holiday-week  1  have  never  jiassed. 
There  were  six  of  us  in  all,  but  I  had  no  assistant  ibr  coiiipany.  Our  camp, 
of  two  little  tent.-i,  was  pitched  in  an  oj)ening  of  windfall,  ch».se  to  the  po.st 


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UNITED  STATES  NOKTUEKN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


l! 


marking  tho  junction  of  tho  tangents.  Under  the  intricnto  lacing  of  fallen 
logs,  and  the  three  feet  of  snow  in  which  they  were  imbedded,  was  a  frozen 
Hwanip.  5Iy  own  tont-Hoor  was  composed  of  ice,  and  in  order  that  the 
stove  might  not  melt  through  this  and  disappear,  it  was  supported  on  a 
scaffolding  of  logs  run  out  under  the  tent.  In  the  morning  the  tent-floor 
was  hard,  but,  during  the  day,  the  heat  of  tho  stove  melted  a  pool  under  it, 
with  a  radius  of  about  two  feet,  but  there  was  never  suflicient  heat  to  soften 
the  ice  in  the  opposite  corner,  whore  my  bedding  lay.  It  snowed  fiercely 
during  the  greater  part  of  the  week,  and  our  efforts  at  cooking  (tho  regular 
cook  being  left  behind),  over  nn  open  fire,  were  not  tho  most  successful. 
The  appearance  of  the  camp,  with  a  smoldering  fire,  the  dogs  curled  up 
in  the  snow,  and  tho  wlutle  shut  in  by  cold-looking  pines,  was  lonely  and 
desolate  in  the  extreme;  and  to  add  to  its  weirdness,  at  intervals  a  wolf 
would  approach  camp  and  utter  a  low  moan,  wliich  would  bo  taken  up  by 
all  tho  dogs.  Beginning  gently  with  a  soft  sigh,  it  swelled  with  a  full  cres- 
cendo, in  which  every  cur  joined,  and  then  gradually  subsided,  only  to 
begin  again.  Finally,  some  driver's  imj>atienco  would  overcome  his  antip- 
athy to  leaving  his  warm  bed,  and  lie  woiild  get  up,  whip  in  hand,  and  go 
through  tho  pack.  Then  the  would-be  musical  howl  would  change  into  tho 
sharp  "ki-yis"  of  pain  and  fear,  supplemented  by  a  choice  selection  of  French 
imprecations,  in  which  all  tho  other  drivers  joined  from  their  tent.  Then 
we  would  have  quiet,  btit  only  for  a  few  hours,  i  linally  obtained  enough 
azimuth  observations  to  satisfy  myself  that  the  English  tangent  was  cor- 
rect, within  the  uncertainty  of  my  observations,  and  then  packed  up  to 
move  over  to  the  Lake  of  tho  Woods.  Tho  breast-high  windfall  in  tho 
intervening  space  being  iibsolutely  impassable  for  largo  animals,  I  had 
given  Mr.  Doolittle  four  dog-sleds,  keeping  two  for  myself;  so  that  I  had 
to  reduce  my  party  to  myself  and  two  others,  McKenney,  a  Scotch  dog- 
driver,  and  King,  an  observatory  attendant.  Even  then,  I  had  to  borrow 
some  of  Mr.  Dooliftle's  sleds  when  I  reached  his  camp,  for  I  had  been  five 
hours  in  making  four  miles  The  loads  were  top-heavy  and  upset  every 
hundred  yards.  With  the  extra  sleds  we  still  made  slow  progress,  and,  at 
the  close  of  the  short  day,  had  only  traveled  twelve  miles.  Wo  stopped  for 
supper,  and  then  pushed  on  along  the  British  cutting,  on  a  cold  but  beau- 


: 


REPORT  OK  TIIK  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  AI'PENOIX  I), 


385 


tlfiilly  clonr  and  moonlit  ni^'Iit.  Wo  roacluMl  tlio  F.iik<'  of  tlio  Woods  Station 
a  littlo  boforo  midnig'Iit.  Wo  liad  I«'(>n  wixti'fn  iiours  in  iiassinic  ovor  seven- 
toon  miles,  and  were  rather  dis<;nsted  with  snow-shoes  and  dojj-sh'ds,  hnt 
wo  wore  satisfied  tiiat  no  other  animal  hnt  a  do^  eonld  have  drawn  a  load 
throii^rh  the  thiekots,  windfall,  and  swamps  over  which  wo  had  jiasBcd. 

The  next  iiij^ht,  December  31,  was  elear,  and  I  pot  good  a/.imnth 
observations,  and,  <m  the  1st  of  .Tannary.  I  started  out  to  cross  the  Lake  of 
tlm  Woods  to  Kainy  Hiver.  McKonney  and  Kinp  were  with  me,  an<l  we 
had  oidy  the  instruments,  tent,  bhmkets,  and  enough  provisions  for  two 
weeks.  The  surface  of  the  lak(»  was  in  tine  condition  for  traveling.  A 
frozen  crust  of  snow,  a  few  inches  thiiiv,  covered  tlio  ice,  and  pave  a  pood 
footinp,  and  left  no  necessity  for  snow-sin  ks.  The  thermometer  was  a  few 
degrees  above  zero.  The  sun  was  shiuinp  brightly  near  the  horizon,  and 
the  air  was  quiet  and  very  briuin;^  We  went  idong,  at  a  jog-trot,  beiiind 
the  dogs,  in  high  spirits — a  markcsd  conlrasi  lo  our  return.  We  arrived  at 
the  mouth  of  IJainy  iJivr-r  «'arly  on  th  second  day,  and  pitched  our  tent 
on  the  narrow  point  of  land  between  the  river  and  the  lake. 

Tho  objoct  of  coming  to  IJainy  IJiver — which  is  several  miles  south  of 
the  forty-ninth  ])arallel — was  to  get  an  accurate  survey  of  nil  that  j)ortion 
of  the  lake  within  oiu"  territory.  The  Ihiti.sh  hail  carefully  siu'veyed  tlu» 
shore  line  from  the  Northwest  Point  to  the  forty-ninth  I'arallel;  Mr.  Doo- 
little  carried  on  tlie  survey  from  tlu*  forty-ninth  l*iirallel  to  Kainy  Hiver, 
and,  at  tho  latter  point,  I  checked  his  work  by  a  careful  .series  of  sextant 
latitudes  and  by  a/.innith  observations.  I  n-mained  there  ten  days.  The 
Indians  did  not  receivi*  mo  very  cordially,  and  there  wero  several  pow-wows 
and  a  good  deal  of  "blnfT"  and  threats  on  either  side.  They  did  not  suc- 
ceed, however,  either  in  inducing  me  to  go  away,  nor  in  getting  any  rations 
(I  had  barely  enough  for  myself),  nor  did  they  molest  me.  One  Indian, 
indeed,  was  good  enough  to  invite  nu'  to  go  with  him  on  a  moose-hunt,  and 
I  had  tho  satisfaction  of  living  on  tea  and  bad  bread  for  four  days,  and  of 
trudging  after  him  through  tho  snow  all  day  long  for  the  same  perio<l.  Wo 
wero  much  exhilaratod  by  the  sight  of  several  warm  elk-trail.s,  but  we  saw 
no  game. 

I  had  finished  my  ob.servations,  and  was  oidy  waiting  for  a  storm  to 
N  B — '-'r* 


11 


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V I 


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UNITED  STATIC  XOIITFIERX  HOUNDARY  COMMISSIOX. 


oleiir  up  before  I  vcnturod  on  the  open  lake  to  return  westward,  wlion,  on 
the  night  of  January  11,  about  one  o'clock,  I  was  awakened  by  a  scuillinj'' 
of  the  other  men,  and  beheld  our  only  tent  in  llames  over  my  head. 
All  our  efforts  to  extin<rnisli  it  were  unavailing,  and  wo  were  glad  to  save 
our  bedding  and  clothes  iVoni  more  than  partial  destruction,  and  to  have 
pulled  three  pound-cans  oi'  powder  from  the  edge  of  a  burning  mass  of  leg- 
gins.  The  bright  (ire  lit  uj)  the  woods  iuul  made  the  dogs  blink  in  an  in- 
quiring manner,  and  revealed  the  spirit-thermometer  fixed  to  a  neighboring 
tree.  It  stood  at  18°  below  zero,  and  plainly  told  us  that,  storm  or  no  storm, 
wo  could  not  remain  where  we  were.  So  we  heaped  up  a  big  blaze,  and 
while  one  man  repaireil  the  scorched  dog-harness  the  others  prejiared  a 
breakfast  of  indigestible  "  llippers,"  strong  tea,  and  rich,  fat  i)ork.  We  dis- 
patched this,  packed  up  our  lemaining  tnips,  ,ind  with  light  loads,  at  four 
in  tli<'  morning,  started  out  in  the  black  darkness  of  the  cloudy  night. 
With  this  accident  to  onr  tent  began  a  wiH'k  of  mistortunes.  The  day 
broke  abont  seven  in  the  morning  (we  had  been  traveling  by  compass), 
and  revealed  dark,  threatening  clouds,  and  an  indistinct  lino  of  shore  a 
mile  to  onr  left,  showing  that  we  were  not  nnich  out  of  our  course.  It  was 
still  very  cold,  but  as  yet  only  a  few  tlakes  of  snow  were  flying  in  our 
faces.  One  of  the  lead-dogs  had  a  swelling  on  his  shoidder,  which  jiained 
him  a  good  deal,  and  caused  him  to  kee|)  circling  oil  out  of  the  course. 
We  put  the  other  sled  in  front,  when  its  leader  slipped  his  collar  and  broke 
loose.  He  kept  along  with  us,  but  about  a  lunidred  yards  to  one  side,  and 
eluded  all  oiu*  efforts  to  catch  liin\  for  more  than  an  hour.  We  kept  on  (uw 
coiu'se,  however,  only  deviating  from  it  to  cross  the  large  cracks  and  [tiled- 
up  snow,  which  in  the  dim  light  we  a[)proachcd  in  bad  jdaces,  and,  about 
ten  o'clock,  passed  Jlr.  Do(dii;le's  party  moving  south.  It  was  now  snow- 
ing quite  fast,  with  a  good  breeze  against  us,  and  still  very  cold.  Abont 
noon  we  reached  a  point  of  land  where  our  course  turned  to  the  west,  and 
hero  we  found  a  tent  and  one  of  Mr.  Doolittle's  men.  We  had  run  twenty- 
five  miles,  and  now  took  a  good  rest,  and  ate  an  enormous  lunch  of  strong 
tea  and  pork.  i\Ieanwhile  the  storm  had  inert  ased,  and  was  blowing  a  tierce 
gale  from  the  north,  with  such  masses  of  snow  that  it  was  impossible  to  see 
clearlv  for  a  hundred  yards.     .\t  two  o'clock  I  wanted  to  start  out  to  reach 


KKPORT  OF  TUK  CWiA    ASTRONOMICK.  ArPKNniX  W. 


381 


tlip  Astronomicnl  Station,  al)out  .'cn  inilos  distant,  luit  T  found  fjroat  difii- 
cidty  in  indiicin<r  tlic  drivor,  .Afi  K.^nnov,  to  viMitiirc  out  in  llu'  storm.  Wo 
finally  started,  liowovor,  and  in  ■  low  niiiuitcs  wwc  out  of  siglit  of  ovory 
ih'nv^  but  l)lindin<.'  masses  of  snosv.  Wo  Ivopt  our  course  by  compass,  and 
relievi'd  each  other  in  taking  tli'>  lead,  as  it  was  found  that,  after  half  an 
hour's  peering'  into  the  whirling  •■vhiteness,  it  was  iinjtossible  ftir  one  to 
keep  a  straight  course.  Just  at  dark  (about  half  ])ast  four  o'>  .oek)  wo 
eanu'  in  sight  of  a  dark  ]>oint  of  timber,  and  were  sheltered  from  the  storm. 
AVe  i'elt  our  wav  along  the  shore  until  about  seven  o'eloek,  when  1  thou"ht 
I  recognized  the  appearance  of  a  jHiint  of  land  near  the  station.  After  sev- 
eral minutes  of  yelling  we  brought  I'orth  a  response  i'wnn  a  man  nana  d 
i\rac(>y,  whom  T  had  left  there  with  one  tent.  We  got  to  bed  .ibout  tin 
o'clock,  thoroughly  exhausted  with  forty  miles  of  travel,  and  t\  'iitv-one 
hours  without  slei'p  We  were  up  the  lU'xt  morning  at  live,  and  snou  ri'adv 
to  continue  our  journey.  ^IcKi'Uiu'y  told  me  he  knew  a  much  biit(>r  trail 
to  return  by  than  the  horrible  windfall  along  the  boundary  cutting,  and,  as 
he  said  it  mms  not  nnu'li  longer,  I  determined  to  follow  it. 

We  Ment  south  across  a  bay  of  the  lake,  for  aliout  eight  miles,  to  an  In- 
dian village  at  the  nuuitli  of  War  IJoad  liivcr.  Here  we  turned  westward, 
through  the  woods  and  across  open  "nmskeages,"  and  ke])t  traveliu"-  until 
nearly  dark,  when  we  sfopjied  to  rest.  ^leKiinKy  assuri d  me  now  that  it 
was  only  about  eiglit  miles  to  th(  depot  on  Mast  IJo.seau  K'iver,  and  which  I 
knew  was  on  the  trail.  As  1  w;i  -  .'inxious  to  g(<t  on  as  fast  iis  possible,  and 
had  only  enough  ])rovisions  to  make  two  half  meals,  I  decided  not  to  camp, 
but  to  consume  all  (MU-  provisinns  in  a  hearty  sujtpi'r,  and  then  travtd  on 
daring  the  night.  If  it  was  oidv  eight  miles  we  coidd  surelv  make  it  be- 
fore midnight,  for  the  storm  hi  iroken  and  lel't  a  cleai'  skv.  Hv  ei"l)t 
o'cloek  we  had  fmi-hed  our  supper,  put  on  (h-y  seeks  ami  moccasins,  packed 
up,  and  started.  Midnight  diil  not  fmd  us  safely  at  the  depot,  but  oulv  three 
or  four  miles  from  our  resting-})l;ut\  'i"he  skv  had  clouded  agiun;  we  had 
lost  the  road,  and  had  broken  ,  ough  some  sliell-ice  in  a  little  brook  of 
whoso  existei\co  McKenney  did  not  know.  One  man  had  floundered  iii 
np  to  his  shoulders,  and  the  water  had  permealed  through  his  .socks  and 
"neeps"  to  his  foot.     Tho  rest  of  ns  had  gotten  out  so  (piicklv  that  oulv 


!1l 


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■1 


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UNITED  STATUS  NOliTliKUX    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


!     !« 


our  leggins  ';>'ero  wet ;  but  as  tlio  temperature  was  somewhere  about  20° 
below,  our  legs  wore  lustantly  incased  in  a  garment  of  ice  which  renilcred 
locomotion  inii)ossiblo,  and  the  dog-sleds  had  added  about  two  hundred 
pounds  to  their  loads  in  the  shape  of  ice.  The  dogs  lay  down  with  perfect 
unconcern,  glad  of  a  rest,  and  wo  cut  sticks  and  began  a  vigorous  beating, 
first  of  our  leggins  and  ihen  of  the  sleds,  to  detach  the  ice.  Wo  got  our 
legs  pretty  well  limbered,  but  could  not  clear  the  sleds,  which  were  so 
heavy  and  so  rough  on  the  bottom  that  we  had  to  abandon  about  half  tho 
loads — everything  in  \\\vi  but  onr  blankets,  instruments,  and  records.  Then 
we  went  on  again,  ^[cKenney  and  King  with  one  sled,  in  front,  and  JIacey 
and  myself  with  the  other.  ^[cKenne)-  was  a  better  driver  than  myself, 
and  got  more  work  out  of  his  jaded  dogs,  and  so  was  soon  out  of  sight. 
We  followed  on  the  trail,  hi>wever,  occasionally  losing  it  in  the  darkness, 
until,  about  ten  o'clock,  I  discovered  a  lire  ahead  of  us  on  tho  trail,  and 
coming  uj)  found  that  King's  foot  was  very  badly  frozen,  and  he  was  in 
great  i)ain.  We  thawed  his  foot  with  snow,  and  bound  it  in  pieces  of  dry 
blanket,  and  then  I  particulaily  warned  JIcKenney  not  to  get  out  of  hear- 
ing of  us,  as  the  trail  was  very  Idind.  A  few  minutes  after  we  had  .started, 
however,  I  broke  tlu'  cord  of  my  snow-shoe,  and  had  to  stoj)  to  repair  it. 
W(^  .saw  no  more  of  3[cKenney,  oin-  guide,  till  noon  the  next  day.  Macev 
and  I  were  now  on  an  open  nuiskeage,  where  we  had  never  been  before, 
and  as  we  had  nothing  to  eat,  and  iiad  abandoned  our  stoves,  there  was  no 
use  of  camping,  so  we  kept  on.  Presently  tho  lead-dog  turned  sharp  to  tho 
right  and  gi»t  the  sled  stuck  in  a  soft  snow-baidv.  We  tried  to  move  it  along, 
but  could  get  no  work  out  of  tlu'  dogs,  and  so  threw  olT  all  the  load  except 
the  I'ecords  and  chrondmeters.  With  an  empty  shtl  we  manageil  to  make 
the  dogs  move  on  shnvly,  in  a  westward  direction,  while  we  took  turns  in 
feeling  with  onr  hands  t\)r  the  hard  snow  of  the  "road."  Ihit  we  could  not 
find  it,  and  could  not  retrace  onr  steps,  for  our  tracks  were  almost  instantly 
covered  up  by  the  drifting  snon-.  In  a  tew  minutes  the  dogs  stopped  short, 
and  each  scratched  a  little  hole  in  tlie  snow  and  lay  down  as  if  he  intended 
to  stay.  We  were  so  (>xh;uisted  that  we  could  hardly  use  th'-  whip,  but  we 
plied  it  to  the  utmost  of  our  strength,  and  accompanied  with  sliouts,  to  mgo 
them  on.     The  oidy  residt  was  a  low  moan  as  each  (h>g  curled  closer  and 


If 


HKPOHT  or  TIIK  CIIIKF  ASTltOXOMKH,  AlM'KNniX  15. 


389 


Idiricd  liiinsoli"  (k'opor  in  the  snow.  Tlioy  wore  ntti'ily  oxliniistcd.  TIhmi 
wi'  yt'lU'd  in  Ixipos  of  fiiuliiijj  McKeiim'v,  but  witlioiit  success.  Tlio  only 
thinj,''  loft  lor  Macey  iuul  niysclt"  was  to  get  ourselves  out  of  the  scrajui  a.s 
hest  wo  could,  lly  the  aid  ol'  some  matches  I  wound  the  chrouomet«'rs 
(2.1  T)  a.  m.),  and  covered  them  and  the  records  wilii  the  .slei<;h-wra|tper. 
Thou  twisting  the  whip  in  the  lead-dog's  collar,  to  suggest  what  was  in 
store  for  him  when  ho  woko  nj),  we  bade  them  good-by«',  and  started  out 
to  the  westward,  across  the  nmskeage.  I  had  a  good  compass  with  me, 
and  tho  moving  clouds  occasionally  reveided  the  stars,  so  that  there  was 
no  dilliculty  in  k(>eping  our  course.  I  knew,  also,  that  the  sup]iIy-depot 
was  on  a  river  flowing  north,  and  not  more  than  fifteen  miles  oiV  at  the 
utmost,  and  that  there  was  a  sleigh-trail  to  the  depot,  but  not  beyond  it,  so 
that  if  we  reached  the  river  1  woidd  know  whi<li  way  to  turn.  Hence  there 
was  no  fear  of  being  lost,  l)ut  what  1  did  stMiously  fear  was  that  before  we 
could  reach  tlie  river  we  should  succuud)  ti»  sleep  and  that  terrible  languor 
which  is  the  premonition  of  freezing,  and  which  we  already  felt. 

During  the  last  forty-»Mght  hours  we  had  run  betwi'cn  sixty  and  seventy 
mill's,  and  for  twenty  liours  we  had  had  but  one  meal.  The  longing  for  .sleep 
was , so  gnat  that  whenever  1  stopped  tt>  rest  for  an  instant.  1  lost  conscious- 
ness, and  was  awakened  by  the  thud  of  having  fallen  into  (he  snow.  1  was 
strongly  po.s.ses.sed  with  the  temptation  to  (piietly  lie  there,  it  was  so  com- 
fortabl(>.  Hut  1  had  just  enough  sen.se  left  to  know  that  if  1  did  lie  there 
it  would  be  three  or  foiu'  days  before  1  would  be  foui'd,  for  the  wind  cov- 
ered up  our  tracks  at  once;  and  in  three  days  1  woidd,  undoubtedly,  be 
frozen  to  death.  So  we  trudged  on  through  the  snow,  kuee-dee|),  on  our 
broken  snow-slioes,  tripping,  and  falling,  and  making  perhaps  a  n\ile  an 
hour,  llu'ougli  the  long  hours  of  the  night,  into  the  dim  day-lireak  and  tlie 
earl\  hours  of  the  morning.  Still  "'oint;'  west,  we  had  crossed  the  muskeati-e 
and  come  into  some  timber,  but,  as  yet,  had  found  no  tracks,  although  1 
knew  we  nnist  b(>  Hearing  the  stream.  Finally,  near  noon,  we  came  to  a 
small  stream,  and  there,  nearly  covered  by  fresh  siunv,  but  still  nmnistak- 
able,  w^'re  snow  shoe  tracks.  Maeey  and  I  leaned  up  against  a  tree,  and 
getting  a  good  ready  we  yelled — all  the  breath  there  was  in  us.  No  answer. 
We  rested  awhile  and  tried   it  again,  .'ind  siill    no  auswei'!     The  tracks  led 


1 1 


til! 


i    ' 


I    : 


■ 

I 

i 

r 

1 

i 

I 

i 

■M 

1 

III 

■ 

1'  • 

< 

1 

390 


UNITKI)  STATKS  NOUTIIKUN  IJDUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


to  the  northwost,  ami  as  tlicy  would  not  take  ns  much  out  of  our  course,  wo 
followed  them.  In  ahoiit  half  an  hour  wo  came  upon  a  track,  not  three 
hours  old  (for  the  snow  had  fallen  then),  and  erossinj^  the  other  at  riyht 
angles.  We  sat  down  on  the  bank,  and  gathered  breath,  and  yelled  again. 
Wo  almost  jumped  as  an  instantaneous  reply  came,  seemingly  not  one 
hundred  feet  off.  It  was,  in  fact,  not  very  much  farther,  and,  moving  in 
its  direction,  we  soon  beheld  tlie  river,  tlio  depot,  and  two  men  quietly 
unloadin;>'  some  hay.  Our  first  (pu'stion,  somewhat  enraged,  was,  "How 
long  has  McKeinie)-  been  here?''  McKenne^/?  They  did  not  know  any- 
thing about  MeKenney — "had  not  seen  him  for  a  month."  So  it  seemed 
that  ho  h.id  been  lost  as  well  as  ourselves.  I  immediately  started  a  man 
out  with  a  sled  to  hud  tluiu,  and  to  pick  up  my  dogs  and  various  articles 
which  hii  been  abandoned,  and  then  avo  ate  a  mighty  breakfast,  after  our 
t]iirt\ -hours'  tramp.  We  were  just  finishing  when  wo  heard  the  jingle  of 
bells  and  the  "marche!  niarclie!"  of  a  driver,  and  ilcKenney  appeared 
with  his  ^ed,  and  King  riding  on  it.  It  seems  that  when  he  discovered 
that  he  had  left  us  behind,  he  waited  a\  hile,  and  shouted  to  attract  atten- 
tion Fi,.iing  ill  this  he  started  to  go  on  for  a  distance,  but  his  dogs  refused 
to  move.  King's  foot  now  liegan  to  jiali  '.lim  s)  much  that  he  could  not 
walk.  In  this  dilennna  there  was  nothi  .  to  do  but  borrow  in  the  .snow, 
and  wait  till  the  dogs  wen^  enough  rest  o  to  go  on.  So  JIcKenney  had 
unhitched  his  dogs  and  dragged  his  sled  i  >  the  nearest  point  of  timber.  It 
was  at  th'  place  that  my  leader  had  tui.Kul  off  and  wo  had  lost  the  trail, 
for  McKenney  found  my  dctgs  there  in  'he  morning.  Once  in  the  woods 
they  shoveled  out  the  snow  and  got  the  erials  for  a  fire,  but  discovered, 
to  their  dismay,  that  all  the  matches  had  been  in  King's  pocket,  and  had 
been  wet  'n  his  bath.  There  was  a  strong  probability  of  freezing  if  they 
could  not  get  a  fire,  so  they  searched  c  /  particle  of  their  bedding  and 
clothes  lor  a  stray  match.  At  last,  in  ti.^  corner  of  the  inside  pocket  of 
McKenney's  overcoat,  they  did  find  an  old  stump,  about  half  an  inch  long, 
but  with  the  "sidphnr  end".  They  took  great  precautions  against  its  going 
out,  and  collected  enough  dry  shavings  for  a  first-class  attempt  at  arson. 
Their  efforts  were  successful,  and  with  the  fire  once  going  tiiey  were  all 
right.     They  slept  till  morning  and  then  came  on.     As  soon  as  they  had 


II    1  ! 


REPORT  OF  THE  CIIIEK  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


391 


arrived  I  turnecl  in  and  slei)t  for  oijrlitoon  honrs.  During  this  time  my  doga 
had  been  brought  in,  very  hungry,  but  looking  as  bright  and  cheerful  as 
possible,  cxeej)t  tlio  leader,  whose  shoulder  was  fearfully  swollen.  I  had 
to  leave  him  behind;  but,  with  the  others  and  an  empty  sled,  I  started  out 
tlic  next  day,  January  15,  for  Pine  liidge,  and  made  the  journey  of  twenty- 
five  miles  in  six  hours.  There  I  fomid  Mr.  Downing  v.ith  the  iield-])lots 
well  advanced,  and  the  next  day  I  rode  along  in  a  "carriole"  (light  sleigh 
for  one  horse)  to  where  Mr.  Wilson  was  at  work  on  the  mounds  across  I'ne 
Great  Roseau  Swamp.  1  then  sent  a  telegram  to  you  asking  for  instructions 
about  cutting  the  j)arallel,  and  ncciveil  answer  to  clear  it  a  width  of  ten 
feet,  from  the  end  of  the  IJritish  cutting,  nccU-  Pine  liidge,  to  lied  Rivei-. 
This  was  intrusted  to  Mr.  Wilson,  lie  also  built  the  mounds  along  this 
interxal.  Leaving  Mr.  Wilson  engaged  upon  this  work,  I  sent  word  to  the 
East  Roseau  depot  to  cache  enough  sui)plics  lor  31r.  Doolittle  and  bring  the 
rest  to  Pine  Kidge,  where  1  collected  the  sleighs,  and  moved  them  to  Point 
(!'( )ruie,  Jaiuuiry  "JO.  I  remained  here  a  week  waiting  for  the  other  parties 
and  completing  my  computations.  During  ihis  week  we  had  the  coldest 
Mcather  of  the  winter.  On  every  iii"ht  the  theruiometer  went  down  to  40" 
below  zero  or  lower,  and  during  the  day  it  seldom  reached  as  high  as  If)'" 
below.  One  night,  just  before  going  to  bed,  I  looked  at  the  two  si)irit-ther- 
nionieters  fastened  to  a  tree,  and  they  read  Ki"  and  47"'  below.  In  the 
morning  they  recorded  the  astounding  temperature  of  50°  and  51°  below 
zero.  Every  one  had  slept  soundly,  however,  inside  of  skin  and  blanket 
bags. 

The  parties  all  an-ived  at  Point  d'Oiine  on  the  2Gth  of  January,  and  1 
sent  I\lr.  Doolittle  on  to  resnrvc  y  the  b'ed  River,  on  the  ice,  and  left  Mr. 
Wilsoh  to  linisli  his  cutting  and  mounds.  Taking  my  dogs  and  an  empty 
sled,  1  drove  in  to  Fort  Pembina,  forty  miles,  in  the  nine  hours  of  sun- 
li;;ht,  on  January  J7,  and  began  to  settle  np  accounts  and  get  ready  to 
turn  t(»wai<l  the  htates. 

On  the  Gth  of  February  Mr.  Wilson's  party  arrived  at  Pend)ina,  and 
the  winter's  work  was  over.  1  had  previously  turned  over  tli''  dog.~<  and 
sleds  to  the  Hritish  ("onnnission  to  lie  sold  or  dispnsed  of  in  •,\\\\  way  they 
could,  and  on  the  eveniiii;  «'!   >1h'  (1th  disrIiaiLicil  alxiut   half  the  nun.    'I'he 


j 
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■  \ 

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ii: 

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II  i 


392 


UNITED  STATES  NOIJTIIKUN  BOUNUAUY  COMMISSION. 


next  morning,  with  the  biihince  of  the  men  and  the  six  heavy  sleighs,  I 
started  scmth  lor  the  raihoads  ol"  Minnesota.  We  made  the  journey  to  Fort 
Abercrombie,  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles,  in  five  and  a  half  days,  during 
which  we  suffered  greatly  on  the  open  prairie  from  the  eold  and  the  driving 
snow.  At  Kort  Abercrombie  I  sent  the  train  of  sleighs,  under  Wagon- 
master  Kstes,  across  country  to  Saint  Cloud  to  report  there  to  Lieutenant 
Ladley.  With  the  rest  of  the  men  I  took  the  cars  at  lireckiin-idge  for  Saint 
Paul,  where  we  arrived  February  1 G.  The  parties  were  disbanded  and  paid 
off  the  same  da}-. 

OKNERAL    DKSCKIPTION   OF    TIIK   COUNTRY. 

The  flat,  treeless  valley  of  the  Red  River  extends  on  the  east  for  twelve 
miles;  here  a  gentle  ridge  is  encountered  about  thirty  feet  high  and  run- 
ning in  a  northwest  and  southeast  direction.  For  the  next  twenty  miles 
to  the  Roseau  River  the  country  is  slightly  broken.  The  knolls  are  covereil 
with  small  ])0[)lars,  and  the  intervening  hollows  are  marshy  and  full  of  large 
granite  bowlders,  lieyond  the  Roseau  River  the  country  entirely  changes. 
The  woods  are  dense — at  first  of  oak,  elm,  and  ash,  gradually  giving  place 
to  spruce  and  pine  and  then  to  tamarack.  The  la.st  forty-iive  miles  to  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  may  be  chaiacterized  as  one  vast  tamarack  swamp,  with 
large  openings  of  "nniskeage."  This  is  not  only  true  along  the  Fortj-ninth 
Parallel,  but  wherever  1  penetrated  back  from  the  .shore  of  tlie  Lake  of  the 
Woods  the  same  character  of  country  was  found.  Some  of  the  Norway 
pine  grows  to  a  large  size — three  feet  and  more  in  diameter — but  nearly  all 
of  it  has  been  taken  out  by  bunbermen  and  rafted  down  to  Fort  Garry,  so 
that  now  there  is  no  considerable  amount  of  valuable  tiudjer  ahmg  the  line. 
Except  the  l{e<l  River  Valley,  tiie  whole  country  is  at  present  not  only 
worthless  for  agricidtural  ])ur])oses,  but  is  quite  impassable  in  summer,  even 
to  Indians,  except  along  the  streams,  in  canoes.  Ail  of  these  swamps,  west 
of  about  ten  miles  from  tlie  Lake  of  the  Woo<ls,  are  partially  drained  into 
the  Red  River  by  the  Roseau  River  system.  This  river  rises  in  two 
branches — one  north  ami  the  other  south  of  the  line,  which,  united,  are 
known  as  the  East  Roseau  River,  and  Hows  into  a  small  lake  of  the  saaie 
luime,  which  also  receives  a  small  aflhient  from  the  north,  known  as  Pino 
River.     This  lake  ilischarges  into  the  Roseau  River,  which  flows  south  of, 


RKl'OUT  OF  THE  ClllEl'  ASTHONOMEU,  APPENDIX  U. 


;}93 


und  really  parallel  to,  the  boundary  for  about  thirty  miles,  crossing  it  at 
Point  d'Orme,  and  continues,  in  a  northwesterly  course,  till  it  meets  the 
Red  Iiivor,  about  twelve  miles  north  of  the  line.  This  Koseau  River  is 
about  two  hundred  feet  broad  throughout  its  length,  und  has  a  rapid  cur- 
rent of  about  throe  miles.  The  depth  was  about  ten  feet  wherever  we 
sounded  it.  It  would  bo  navigable  for  small  boats  but  for  the  presence  of 
of  a  few  rapids.  The  principal  one  of  these  I  did  not  visit.  It  is  about 
twenty-five  miles  below  Point  d'Orme,  and  from  the  description  of  the 
half-breeds  is  quite  violent,  and  must  have  a  fall  of  fully  twenty  feet  in  a 
quarter  of  a  mile.     Logs  cannot  be  rafted  over  it  later  than  the  1st  of  May. 

If  land  ever  becomes  so  valuable  in  this  region  that  it  is  desirable  to 
drain  this  country,  it  could  be  done  by  cutting  through  these  rapids.  The 
bed  of  the  river  is,  generally,  a  soft  clay,  through  which  the  stream  would 
lower  its  bed,  and  thus  drain  the  swamps.  vVt  present  the  large  swamps 
are  on  a  level  with,  or  a  little  lower  than,  the  water  of  the  stream,  from 
wliich  they  are  separated  only  by  a  natural  dike  of  clay  and  grass,  a  few 
feet  in  height. 

The  Lake  of  the  Woods  (;ontains  an  area  of  between  six  hundred  and 
seven  hundred  miles.  It  is  very  irregular  in  .shape,  and  its  eastern  shore 
has  never  been  carefully  surveyed.  There  are  a  large  number  of  islands 
dotting  its  surface.  Some  soundings  were,  I  believe,  taken  l)y  the  English 
l»artics,  .nid  the  greatest  depth  obtained  was  eighteen  feet.  As  the  surround- 
ing coiiuiry  is  very  low  and  flat,  it  is  possible  that  it  has  no  great  dt'i)tli, 
but  we  have  no  positive  knowledge  tif  this.  As  the  ice  was  from  two  to 
three  feet  thick,  I  had  no  opportunity  to  make  .oundings.  Various  small 
streams  drain  into  it  from  the  surrounding  swamjjs,  but  the  i)rincipal  afllu- 
ent  is  the  Rainy  River,  which  empties  at  its  most  southern  point.  This 
.stream  comes  from  Rainy  Lake,  is  about  sixty  miles  long,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  broad  at  its  mouth.     It  forms  part  of  the  international  boundary. 

The  Lake  of  the  Woods  discharges,  l)y  Winnipeg  River,  into  Winni 
peg  Lake,  and  forms  part  of  the  great  northern  chain  of  lakes,  whoso  waters 
eventually  reach  Hudson's  Bay. 

The  Indians  residing  in  this  neighborhood  are  small  tribes  of  the  for- 
merly great  Ojibway  nation      There  are  about  twenlv  I'aMiilics  around  Lake 


?i' 


-I   1 


« 


1    i 


'  i.  I 


^B  ^ 

^H 

'• 

HI  ^ 

I 

li^^^K 

'  !f    - 

'I^BH 

5  1- 

394 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIJEKN  JJOtJNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


Roseau,  as  many  more  at  the  mouth  of  War  Road  River,  and  about  fifty 
families  at  the  mouth  of  Rainy  River. 

Several  families  also  pass  the  winter  on  tho  islands  in  the  lake.  They 
are  generally  peaceable,  but  extremely  indolent.  Those  about  Rainy  River 
live  on  lands  which  have  never  been  ceded,  and  they  are  the  only  ones  that 
show  any  spirit.  They  have  several  log  houses,  and  make  feeble  attempts 
at  agriculture,  but  many  of  them  live  in  birch  "tepees,"  and  their  principal 
sustenance  is  fish.  Several  varieties  of  whitefish,  pike,  and  pickerel  are 
caught,  through  the  ice,  by  the  squaws  in  winter.  The  men  occasionally 
hunt  the  moose,  elk,  deer,  and  feathered  game,  using  the  Hudson's  Ujiy 
shot-guns,  with  an  ounce-ball,  or  with  shot.  They  also  do  a  good  deal  of 
trapping;  beaver,  marten,  mink,  otter,  and  fisher  being  quite  i)lentiful. 
Those  who  survive  tho  ago  of  ten  years  seem  to  be  a  healthy  race  of  jiooplo, 
but  many  children  perish  from  lung  diseases  and  exposure  to  +he  cold.  The 
Avinter  climate  of  this  country  is  exceedingly  severe;  the  thermometer  going 
below  40°  every  year.  And  in  spite  of  the  lact  that  the  maximum  is,  every 
year,  nearly  100°,  the  annual  mean  is  lower  than  at  any  other  point  in  tho 
United  States  and  Territories,  and  lower  than  any  inhabited  point  in  Eu- 
rope. 

I  insert  here  the  record  of  the  l^iedical  Department,  at  Fort  Pembina, 
for  two  years.  My  own  record,  during  tho  winter  of  1873,  is  a  little  lower 
than  this,  but  it  was  not  taken  with  so  much  care. 

Metcorolofiical  report — Fort  Pembina. 


Month. 


•Inly 

AuKHst 

Septi'iiiUer 

OutobiT 

NovciiiliiT 

Ueceiiilier 

Jaiinary 

l'ol>riiiiiy -.. 

Mari'li 

April 

May 

June 

iMir  tli«  yrar 


inyi-'ix 


Monn.      Max.      Miii.      Kaiii-fall 


(>7. 
t;."i. 
f);i. 
41. 
1^. 

-  r>. 

-  1. 
■1. 

1-.'. 

ri:i, 

CiT. 


■M.Ui 


a? 

It  I 

Ki 
77 

:ii 
:!i 

:i:t 
4:! 
til 

HI 

9i 


97 


:u 

•J.'i 
v> 

'J8 
51 
40 
HI 
.10 
ll'i 
21) 


IiichfH, 

:t.  09 
&i 

I.e.? 

1.  u\ 
r>:! 

2.9.-> 

41 

;i.-> 

;!;• 

'J.  u 

•J.  91 


17.14 


187:!-'74. 


Moan.      Max.      Miii.      Rain-fall, 


C7. 10 
Gli.  4;! 
47.  7H 
3li.  :!7 
iri.Ci? 

(i.7li 

-  3.  17 

:;.;:9 

l-J.  1 1 

:io.  :v.' 

.'■>7.  0.1 
G(i.  '■!•.) 


3:!.  81 


89 
91 
HI 
82 
4.'-. 

:!.-> 
:i7 
;!•.> 

47 
7(i 
d-i 
91 


34 
i>4 

a 

25 
ii7 
44 

;!',> 
a9 

4 

27 
3:! 


9-( 


—  44 


Jiichra. 
l.:!0 

•J.  ;i8 
y.  05 

5G 

m 

18 
'J(> 
'J5 

:i5 
ao 

1.55 
3.41 


13.15 


UEPOIIT  OF  THE  CniEP  ASTRONOMER,  API'KNDIX  B. 


395 


For  purposca  of  comparison,  I  add  the  annual  mean  temperatures  at 
the  coldest  posts  in  the  United  States,  and  at  a  few  other  jioiiits,  from  data 
kindly  furnished  by  the  Chief  Signal  Ollicer  of  tho  Army. 

Mean  temperatures. 


TortH. 

Territory. 

Latitado. 

0       1 

4-1  57 
41  i  ,VJ 
4('>  ;!0 
'\-i  00 

47  :u 

4(i  40 

40  a? 

45  45 

4(1  40 
4(!   17 

44  h:\ 

57  O.i 
14  41 
47    I.-. 
47  :!0 
41)  .Ml 
Ot 
00 
00 
5'J  20 

VciirH. 

Annual 
nil' an 
tuini). 

Aiitlior 

PlfMll>i':a • . 

St'wunl 

Ui:h1v     

Itnforil 

Dakota 

.  do 

lH70-'74 
'71 

1672-'74 
l870-'74 
lM70-'74 
lH72-'74 

1h70-'71 

(    IH71-'7:1 
\     ^•72-'71 
1^70 -'74 
Hro-'74 
1  ■70-'74 
l--7(l-'71 
lri70-'71 
lS70-'74 
Ifi70-'7I 

"VHi.vn 

lH(;7-'70 
1)0  V'-iirn. 

i.-'r)!)-'7i 

o 
:!4.  0 

:t7.o 

;!7.  0 

:!-i.  II 
:iH. .-, 

IIH.H 

:!'.i.  :i 

1  40.1 

41.  ;i 

41.0 
4-'. !) 

4:1.  C. 
4;i.  u 

44.  4 
44.  7 

:i-.'.  (i 
;i7. 0 
;w.  0 
;w.  5 

41.8 

1 

i 
1 

t 

Ciiriilar  No.    H,    Siir- 
;.   tj.Miii-Oniicrrtl'HOIlici', 
i;.  .S.  Army. 

1 

1 
1 

i 

i  1  ;\v.son. 
I  !"•  liiuiuD. 

..         1. 

:;  intz. 
...ULiiid. 

Miclii^un 

Dakota 

SIcVl'll-UM    .   , 

liuktT 

AlicrcKiiiiliio 

I'.llis 

KWi- 

Ml Ill     

Snclliii;; 

SilU:i    .      

i'lallsliciin 

Itl'IliUIl 

Sliaw  

\Viiiiii|i.  ; 

SI.  IVl.  I'.slmrjt 

Do 

Stocklioliii     ..... 

lid 

Dakota 

.Monti\nii 

Dakota 

ilo 

Miniii'sula 

Alaska 

Nc'.v  Yolk      

Montana 

.....lo 

Miinitobiv 

Ici.laml 

Russia 

....ilo 

Swediii 

j  , 


n 


il 


.  il  I 


:\ 


w 


896  UNITED  STATES  NOUTOEKN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

ASTRONOMICAL  POSITIONS  ON  HECONNAISSANCHS. 
LONiJlTUUK.-*. 

On  rcconnai»»ttner from  teeond  cro»gin<)  of  iW<»i/((r  Hirer  U>  Fort  Pembina  via  Fort  Totten, 

by  Lieut.  F.  V.  (ireene,  iST.J. 


Chr. 

Error  on  Wuhli- 
iiigtvu  tiiiif. 

1 
Error  on  lonil  1 
tinit'. 

k.  m.    H. 
FiiHt      :i4  41.  *i 
Fust   C  44  ti&.O 

Loagttui'e  from 
\Viuiliin);tou. 

Stiition  nnil  iliitc. 

Kcniiirkn. 

14.V. 

U5;i 

A.  ni.     IT. 
Slow   1  111  W.  •.'(•) 
Fu»t   4  M  •.'1.74 

h.  m.     ». 
1  54  :i:t.8(i 

Limt.    (iiilwi-y'n 
Motion,  oil  l'o|i- 
liir   UiviT,  Oi'l. 
30,  1873. 

rhr.               Ilain. 
14.V.       I,oniii){. ..   4'.34 
S».'>;i       LoBiug...   4».08 

M.V. 

mi 

alow   1  ai  5,%.6<i 
Kust    4  48  '.'5.  H4 

Slow         1   l;i.3 
Flint    (i  OS)  OH.  2 

1  ao  42.  :«i 

Fort      IVniliInn, 
Oct.  31.4. 

Laliludm. 

I4&5 

U5:i 

alow    1  211  4(i.  1 
Fust   4  411  :ii.  1 

FiiHl        17  W..;! 
Fii»t    C  28  17. 1 

1  :i8  41.4 
40.0 

Mimn«>Kivcr,Oct. 

ir..4. 

Poliirin...   48  3'.t  40.7 
frt-Biwi  ...         :18  13.5  I 

Mrnn  1  38  4;l.  7 

101°  44'  01". 3 

Mean..   48  38  57.1  | 

OKI 

Slow   1  20  .^0. 4 
rasl    4  4'.l  27. 0 

FiiHt       17  l:t.8 
Fust    G  27  :!r..  O 

1  :i8  04. 2 
OH. !) 

Monne  River,  Oct. 
10.4. 

Polnris  ..  48  23  23.8 
f  l'c(»iini  . . .               10. 3 

Monn  1  38  Oli.  r. 

101°  34'  44".  1 

Mfiiii..  48  23  19.7  , 

14,W 

1  i»r.:t 

1 

alow  I  21  01.  :i 

KiiHt    4  41»  i:>.8 

Fu»l        M  22.  :i 
Flint    0  24  4."..  !• 

1  3.-.  23.  (! 
30. 1 

Mfiin  1  3:>  •M.t< 

Oct.  18.y. 

100^  r.r  48".  0 

I4r.r. 

Slow   1  21  Oil.O 
Fust    4  4l»  l!i.2 

FiiMt       11  r>i.  1 
Flint    0  22  10.  y 

1  32  .^7. 1 
01.7 

Oct.  1'.>.3. 

mv  17'  rifl''.8 

Moan  1  32  r><.>.  4 

0  AquiliP  ..   48  02  40.3 

Slow    1  21  07.8 
VaM    4  41)  10.7 

FiLst        10  20.fi 
Flint    (5  20  42.  r. 

1  31  28.4 
31.8 

Oct.  20.4. 

I'olarin...  48  00  58.1  ! 
e  rcjjiini  ...               2.'). 3 

Mkiui  1  31  30. 1 

•tiF  K''  37".  3 

Mciin..   48  00  41.7 

14,M 

U5:i 

Slow    I  21   12.1 
FiiHt    4  4'.t  Oti.d 

Flint          8  0:t.8 
Font    ti  18  2.'i.;i 

1  29  i.^..  n 

IH.T 

Oct.  21.4. 

PoliiriH...  47  f.8  21.0 
flVnasi...              25.9. 

Mean  1  21t  17.3 

m°  22'  25".  3 

Mean..  47  M  25.0 

M.V 

!tr);i 

Slow   1  21  2;t.4 
Fust    4  48  50. 0 

Flint          C  20.  :\ 
Fiuit    «  lli  47.  a 

1  27  4'.l.7 

.M.a 

Mvnii  1  27  r>l>.  4 

C.nnip    iiciir  Fort 

Tottcti,  Oct. 24.0. 

'M°  00'  42".  (i 

ill 


i 
•I 


RErOUT  OF  TUK  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  R. 

ASTItONOMICAIi  roaiTIONS. 


3J)7 


station. 


Liitltiulc. 


LonKilnili' 


Illitilll  |ll<illt,  NlllllK  iiiouiul 

C.imii,  Ocliilifi-  ir.,  10,  MdiiHo  Uivcr  . 

OftoliiT  10, 17,  .Mdiiso  Kivor  . 

OiIi.Imt  1H,  lit,  MniiMi-  KiviT  . 

OctohiT  10,20,  Allnili  l.uki'H  . 

Ooliilwr20,21,(iiraiiil  L:ikii  , 

(VtiiIiiT'Jl,2-.',  Sldiiy  I.iiko.. 

(VtiiliiT  2;i,  ■-'."),  iii'iirTolti'ii  .. 
l'"iirtTi)lli'iilliij;Hlua" 


4!)    (10    00 
4H    :IH    67.1 
iS    ii:i    'M 


48  o:i  on. -J 

4'(  00  42 

47  M  2.-. 

47  US  40.5 


101  fit  .Mi.O 

101  41  i>l.:i 

101  :I4  14.  I 

100  r.4  4^.(1 

KXt  17  :<!■:  - 

si'»  .'■.'.  :!7. ;! 

w  2J  •-'.■>.  ;i 

on  00  I2. 0 

tfj  01  :i-.  1 


ASTRONOMICAL  POSITION  OV  CAMl'S. 

Rcconnaismttce  from  Fort  liuford  to  Forty  ninth  ParalM,  June,  1S7I,  hy  Lieut.  F.  V. 

Greene, 


Vht. 

ICrioi- 

on  Wnsli- 
1111  liiiii'. 

Krroron  local 
tiiiic. 

Loii^iMitli'  from 
\Va.sliiiif;loii. 

Slalion  ami  dale. 

IJcniarkn. 

iir,r. 
or.;t 

Slow 
Slow 

h.  III.    9. 
2  01  2H.7 

2  07  ;i4,  ;t 

slow- 
Slow 

III.    «. 

i;i  17.7 
10  .">:t.;t 

h.  III.     n. 
1    17  41.0 
41.0 

Fort  Itiifonl,  .liini' 
20. 

(7ir. 

ii:..-. 

O.'.ll 

HiileH 
I.osint;   ..  :iM'>l 
(Jainin;;..  OM05 

Monii  1  47  41.0 

lOltJ  :,»'  20" 

1I.-.1 

0.">:i 

Slow 
Slow 

2  0-2  Pfi.O 
2  07  20. 2 

Slow 
Slow 

.^  2-'.  1 

10  ,-.l.:i 

1  .'.0  ;i7. 0 
:I7. 0 

M.'rtii  1  .'.(■)  :17.0 

V.  S.  Ast.   Station 
No.  12.  ni-ar  Went 
Top  la  r  i;  i  v  i-r, 

.hiiir  :io.:i;i. 
im;.   12'  :i,v' 

iMliluilai. 

40  Ii0  (10 

Mr.r> 

Slow 
Slow 

2  01  40.0 
2  07  ;12. 0 

Slow 
Slow- 

11  :w.:i 

17  2(i.2 

1  r)0  07.0 

00.  4 

Crossing     of     Ui^ 
Mll(l(l.v,,lMiir2;!.4. 

10  h^  ;14'  ,^,0" 

Snn 4s  08  V,.:, 

P..lai-iH..                llO.ti 

Mean..  4-1  OS  12.(1 

.M.'an  1  .'■.0  07 

or.;i 

Slow 
Slow 

2  01  40.0 

2  07  ;ti.s 

Slow 
Slow 

10  2:t.H 
10  11.4 

I  ,M  21!.  S 
20.  1 

Mraii  I  .M  2-.'.  I 

I'rcncliinan's  Point , 
on  Misw'iui  Kivrr, 
.Iniic21.04. 

101'  r.:t'  411" 

Polaris  ..   48  08  40.4 
Sun l-.'.O 

Mran..   48  0-*  20.2 

M."> 

Slow- 
Slow 

2  01  ,'-.1.7 
2  07  lit.  I 

Slow 
Slow 

0  4X.0 
l.'i  22.1! 

1  .-.2  o:i.T 

(H.  8 

I'ar-n     on     I'ophir 
li'ni'i-,  .IiMH'  20.4. 

i(ir,-'  01'  40" 

Polaris..   4S  Id   i:!.  1 
Snn ls.:i 

.Moan..   48  10  ISO. 7 

Miai    1  ."12  00.2 

1455 

Slow 
Slow 

2  01  .W.  0 
2  07  30. 2 

Slow 
Slow 

8  :i-2.8 
14  00.4 

1  r.;!  20. 2 

20.  8 

t'anip    on     PoiOar 
Hivi  T,  .liiiu'  •J.-.4. 

lOS"  24'  00" 

Polaris..  48  44  112.2 
Snn ()■-'.  5 

Moan  1  :>:!  23. 5 

Moan..   48  44  17.3 

h> 


;ii 


!    ;l 

a 
I' 


"!if 

■M 


!fi 


y{)8         UNITI         TATES  NOHTUKKN    UOUNDAHY  COMMISSION. 

Reconnaissance  from  Little  Itoelji  Cmlto  I'nitnl  Slatis  Astronomical  Station  •>'■ .  Ill,  rin 
Fort  Tiinidi),  Inj  Litut.  I',  V,  (Inriu;  1.S7I. 


Cbr. 

Error  i.ii  Wiisli- 
iii);tiiii  l.iii 

Kmiroii  li.riil 
liini'. 

l.nii^itiiili'  from 
\ViiHliiri),'toii. 

Btiition  mill  ilntr. 

l{"iiinrl.«. 

HriT. 

/i.  III. 
Slow  V!  <".'  1 
Blow  -J  V'  s;.,  ; 

III.    «. 
slow  ;i  2r..  2 
Slow  B  ;i;i.o 

Ii.  m.     », 
1  r.-  r.3.7 
f.;i.  7 

Miiin  I  M  r,;). 7 

Llttli'IJoiUyCivi'li, 
July  4.;i. 

lOCO  40'  31".  r. 

ir 

.  1           Halm. 
•     I.oHiii);  . .  2'.7 1 
f      tJnuiili;;      0"..M>I 

LiUitmli^. 

W  OU  OU 

Mr.5 

i!  O'i  :!l.ll 
S!  07  'J  1.  4 

Slow    1  O-'.J 
Slow   U  01.11 

2  01  22.8 
22.  ^ 

Minn  2  nl  22. H 

i;.  8.  AM.  Stnlii.ii 
No.  1.1,  .liil.v  H.:;:.. 

107-^  2:r  4rt".2 

■i;i  00  00 

l45r> 

•J  0-.'  '.'.-..  rt 

2  (.7  •.'.'..  r. 

2  i:i.7 
7  11.:. 

2  00  12. 1 
11.0 

.Minn  2  00  ll.f. 

107'^  00'  00" 

1 

liiiis..  4^   1".  20. .'i 
pliiiii'lii        .1  :iti.  .'• 

.M.Mii..  4-  i:.  00 

14:..". 

1)J3 

2  02  S-" 
2  07  il.  .  1 

I   0-'.  H 

0  oil.  r. 

2  01  i;\4 

IM..-, 

July  7.31. 

I 

III 

liirH..  4-  .■  1  11.7 

iiiiiiii'iii         Oil.  r. 

.Mian  2  01   I'.i.O 

107'^  22'  00" 

Mciiti..  if  ;,i  us. a 

1  ! 


licconnuiK.iinicc of  lii2)Un<jcr  lioad,  liy  Assistant  C.  L.  Buolitth;  1S74. 


Date 

Latitmle. 

Lonifitiiilr. 

liiinarliB. 

Si'iifi'iiiber    2 
Soiitcnibor    3 
ScptcmlitT    4 
September    5 

C        1            II 

PniiiriH IS  ;'.;>  -MA 

a  Aqnilio 07.7 

■an   48  39  ID.t) 

l'i.!;.;is 48  20  .".O 

a  Antiilio 10  .'.-1 

Cut  Bank  Ilivcr. 
Birch  Creek, 
MiuUlyFnrk. 
Ti'ti.ii  liiver. 

:,,'nn  48  20  21 

r..i.MU 47  59  li'..:. 

oA<|tiliu 53-11.7 

.Ncan  17  :»  \:>  0 

I'liLiiis 17    17  2.'!.  It 

a  .'■']■.  'in    40  35.2 

"     nil  47  47  00.2 

Uto^ 


HKl'OHT  OF  TlIK  CIIIICP  ASTUONOMIOIt,  Al'l'ICNDlX   It.  ;}•)'.( 

Sextant  latUuilcn  on  Shaw  moiiUaii,  Inj  Lit  lit,  F.  V,  Gnriic. 


Dutu. 

I.Utilll(l0. 

Li>ii;(Uu>K'. 

ItciiiiirkM. 

SiiitcuibiT    4 

Si'|itoniljor    8 
Soiitonilicr    8 

0       /         tt 

I'dlaiin 48  4.-I   I'.t.fi 

a  A<|i)IIiu rj.  0 

0       1       " 

111  40 

111  45  (1.-I.1 
HI  4S 

Meon  48  4.")  :10.H 

40  00  00 
Polaris 47  :ii  o:i.:i 

Oil  iiiinti  lukn. 

Initial  (iciiiit  of  Rliitw  iiii  liiliaii. 

Aliiitil  l,r.(HI  fi'i't  ca.Hl  i.rila};-Hlair 
lit  r.irt  Hliaw. 

Sr.iiaxt  latitude  on  trail  near  «priii(i,  alioiit  half  iraii  hcttran  Vort  SIkiiv  ami  Fmi  Hciilaii, 

III/  Lit  III.  /•'.   r.  (tiriiir. 


Uatr. 

Srpt('Iinn'l'    10 

l^atitiiiti*. 

Of          n 

I'nlaiiM 47  4:1  '-'•.•■7 

(1  Aiinil;u It',  w 

l,iiii;j;itt,ili-. 

It'i'iimiliH. 

Xlcaii  4*  4'.1  111. Ti 

MISSOL'KI  lilVKU. 
Longituihii  and  latituilcs. 


Chr. 

Krror  mi  Wasli- 

I'lror  on  local 

I.oiifiilndo  from 

Station  niid 

lu'iiiailis. 

intitiiii  tiiiii'. 

llnii'. 

\\'a>liiii^t(Hi. 

(late. 

h.  III.    «. 

A.  III.    n. 

Ii.  Ill,     ». 

unit 

sImw  'J  OH  ;i-.'.  1 

l.-.M 

sIdw   1  ir.  l:i.-.' 

I'ast. 

wj  lii.r. 

•J  M  'J.'.c 

Poll    llciilon, 

lln-. 

Hdlin. 

•2X, 

I'a.st.    !l  .'■.li  l-.'.ll 

Si'pl.  10.1. 

1110 

l.oMin^.  ..   o".70 

I.M:( 

Sjiuv    1    1:  li.'.ll 

I'asl, 

^7  -JI.'J 

l.-l  1 

(lal'iinn..   O'.'.ill 

Mt^I 

Slow    11  (10  .'.(i.  1 

V*'.'*' 

I.iislnn-.-    l"0;i 

Ifr- 

I'ast            \->.  ;t 

lUP  ISO'  48" 

1.M:I 
11-1 

LoviiifT...  (M..-,7 
(liiiiiin^..  P".  1:1 

i:!l'.i 

Slow    'J  10  0-1.  •.> 

1?'8 

l.o.vlll;;  •  • .   oM'. 

1..1I 

Slow  1  11  r.i.o 

I'ast 

•JO  l'> 

1  X..OG 

11  i  K  in  a  r  i-  k , 

•JH.". 

l-'ast   It  :<:,  .^o.  ii 

().t.  1.0. 

i.-.i;! 

Slow    1  47   1  1.  1 

IM 

Slow    li  00   17. .') 

■ 

\6r 

Fast             ;il>.  (i 

100-5  .ly  ;)()". ,; 

J.illillllhu. 

i;ni) 

Slow  a  no  nn.  4 

I'ast, 

'J  I'.'.  0 

2  U  .^->.3 

Sept.  Kl. 

l'..laris  .     .17  4-  .--.-'.'o 

1  i\ 

Slow    1   l.-i   10.8 

I'lmt 

50  ;!U.  1 

49. 'J 

n  Aciniln'  ..         4!)  0(1.  0 

•j;;r> 

I'ast    'J  r.ll  oy.  3 

l,-.i;i 

.Slow    1  47  01.1 

Mian..    17  40  (y.7 

IHI 

Slow   (1  00  ,"). ;! 

18- 

I'aMt             44.  a 

Fust 

a  13  40. 7, 

no.  3 

Moan..  2  11  r.v'.H 

lUFOl'  17".  8 

•f 


I  I 
I  t'l 

(j 


.^ 


ff 


I 


11  ■: 


i 


t 


a    I' 


ill  i 


■I  'i  a     '■ 


400  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


Longitudes  and  latitudes — Continued. 


Chr. 


Error  on  Wush- 
iiii'toii  time. 


Error  on  locul 
tinio. 


131!) 
ir.l4 

'.';!f> 
i:.i:! 
U'i\ 

Itie 


innt 
ir>i.» 

•j;;n 
151:1 
it.-'i 

l«r 


IIU'J 
l-pll 

i:.i:i 
iit<i 

188 


i;tio 
i.-.ii 

VA\i 
14H1 

188 


i;!i9 
ir.i4 

•j;!: 
irii;t 

M-l 

lf8 


i;ii9 
ir.i4 

•.';:,"> 
i,->i;! 

14-1 
1 


Slow 

iSlow 

I'ilSt 
iSloHT 

Slow 
FlIHt 


Slow 
Slow 
lust 
Slow- 
Slow 
Fust 


Slow 
Slow 
l'a»t 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 


Slow- 
Slow 
Fast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 


Slow 
Slow 
I'ast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fabt 


Slow. 

Slow 

I'ast 

Slow 

Slow 

Fast 


h  VI.  s. 
2  Oi)  4a. 
1  l.->  10. 
9  fili  08. 
1  47  04. 
C  00  54. 

4;i. 


2  09  47. 5 
1  15  08. 1 
9  50  00.  a 
1  47  05. 8 
G  00  54.0 
4:j.0 


2  09  5a. 9 
1  15  Oli.2 
a  50  04. 2 
1  47  00.9 

G  00  5:t.  a 

42.1 


2  09  55. 4 

1  15  o."..;t 

9  5(i  0;!.  2 

1  47  07.5 

0  00  52.  8 

41.7 


2  09  5^.  1 
1  15  04.  4 
9  .50  Oi.a 
1  47  08. 1 
0  00  52.  M 

41. a 


2  10  00.  8 

1  15  o:t.  5 

9  50  01.  1 
1  47  08.0 
0  00  51.9 

40.  K 


i:il9  Slow 
i:.i4  slow 

2;  5'  Fast 

1.M3  Slow 

14fl  Slow   0  (10 

1   8  I  HSt 


2  10  0:!.(i 
1  15  02.5 
1)  .'li  0(1.  1 
1  17  09.2 
'.1.5 
10.  4 


h.  VI.  8. 

Slow  1  19.2 
Fast  5;t  12.8 
Fust  12  04  34.  C 
Fust  21  20.7 
Slow  3  52  29.  5 
Fast   2  09  11.9 


Slow 
Fust 


G  23.9 
48  1G.0 


Fust  II  .59  31.3 


Fust 
Slmv  3 
Fast    2 


10  20.4 
.57  20. 8 
04  11.4 


Slow  11  31.0 
IVt  43  1(;.4 
Fust  11  54  25. 1 
Fast  II  10.9 
slow  4  02  2H.9 
Fust    1  59  09. 4 


Slow 
Fast 
Fast  11 
I'ast 
Slow  4 


13  13.9 
41  37.  a 
52  43 

9  35.7 
04  09.5 


Fust    1  57  28. 3 


.Slow  Ifi  01.7 

Fast  38  53.8 

Fast  11  49  .5(i.9 

Fust  0  49.7 

Fast    1  54  43.4 


Slow  18  30.0 
Fast  30  27. 7 
Fast  11  47  29.7 
Fast  4  21.0 

Fa.-<t    1  52  14.0 


Slow  21  33.2 
I'list  33  2.1.0 
Fast  11  44  29.(> 
Fast  1  21.'.) 

Slow  4  12  l-.H 
Fast     1  49  14.0 


Loii);ltnt1o  from 
Wusbington. 


h.  m. 
a  08 


8. 

22.9 
22. 4 

26. 3 
2.5. 4 

25. 4 
28.1 


Mean..  2  08  2.5.1 

2  03  23.  (•) 
24. 1 
25. 1 
20.2 
27.2 
28.4 

Mean..  2  03  25.8 

1  58  21. 9 
22.  G 
20. 9 
23.8 
24. 3 
27.3 


Mean..  1  .58  23.4 

1  56  41.5 
42. 5 
39.  8 
43. 2 
43.  3 
4(i.  (•> 


Mean..  1  .50  42.8 

1  53  5(!.  4 
58.  2 
.54.7 
57.8 

02. 1 


Mean..  1  ,53  .57.8 

1  51  30.2 
31.2 
2.-'.(; 
30.2 


Slean. 


33. 2 

1  51  30.7 

1  48  30.  .| 
32. 1 
29.  .5 
01!  1 
32.  7 

::3. 0 
Mean..  1  48  31.0 


Station    and 
date. 


Sept.  14. 


109<:  09'  22".  3 
Sept.  16. 


1070  54' 32".  8 
Sept.  18. 


100°  38' 56'. 8 
Sept.  19. 


106"  13' 47".  8 
Sept.  20. 


105°  32'  32".  8 


Remarks. 


Polaris  . 
aAquila;  . 


47  46  53.2 
53. 9 


Mean..  47  46  53.5 


Polaris  . 
a  Aqniltc  . 


47  27  50.7 
28  01.6 


Moan..  47  27  .56.1 


Polaris 
a  AquilfD 


47  47  07.  0 
40  .56.5 


Mean..  47  47  01.7 


Polaris 
aAquiliB 


48  01  37.  5 
36. 2 


Mean..  48  01  30.8 


Polaris  . 
a  Aquilo) 


48  04  10. 0 
13.7 


Moan..  48  04  11.8 


Sept.  21. 

Polaris  . 
a  Aquila;  . 

Mean . 

48  06  09 
05  55 

48  06  02 

104°  .55'  40".  3 

Sept.  22. 

Polaris  . 
a  AqniliD  . 

Mean. 

48  02  ,59. 5 
03  11.5 

48  03  02.5 

104°  10' GO".  8 

REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B.  401 

Longitudes  and  latitudes — Contiuued. 


Cbr. 

Error  on  Wash- 
ington time. 

Error  on  local 
time. 

Ln"cit'i(lo  from 
Wasbinjj'on. 

Station  and 
(late. 

Remarks. 

1319 
1514 

235 
1513 
1481 

188 

1319 
1514 

235 
1513 
1181 

188 

1319 
1514 

235 
1513 
148 

ISs 

1319 
1514 

2::5 

15i:l 
14H1 

188 

1514 

1319 
1514 

235 

l.-.i;i 

1481 

188 

1319 
1514 

235 
1513 
1481 

188 

1319 

Slow 
Slow 

.Slow 
Slow 
Fast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 

Slow 
Slow 
Fast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 

Slow 
Slow 
Fast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 

Slow 

Slow 
Slow 
Fast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 

Slow 
Slow 
l''ast 
Slow 
Slow 
Fast 

Slow 

/i,  ni.    8. 
2  10  00.3 

1  15  01. 5 

2  10  09. 1 
1  15  00.  G 
9  55  58. 1 

1  47  10. 4 
6  00  50.  G 

39.0 

2  10  11.8 
1  14  ,59.0 
9  55  .57. 1 

1  47  11.0 

6  00  r,o.  1 

39.1 

2  10  14.5 
1  14  58.7 
9  55  .5(i.  1 
1  47  11.5 

0  00  49.7 

3,8.7 

1  14  .57.8 

2  10  20. 1 

1  14  5(i.8 
9  .-^,5  54. 1 

1  47  12.7 
G  00  48.8 

37.8 

2  10  22. 8 
1  14  ,5,5.9 
9  ,55  53. 1 

1  47  13.  3 
G  00  4".  4 

37.4 

2  10  OG.  3 

h.  m.    t. 
Slow       22  2(i.  8 
Fast       32  34.  C 

Slow      24  35. 1 
Fast        30  34.9 
Fast  11  41  31.8 
Slow        I  :...3 
Slow  4  IF  Vi.8 
Fast    1  '!c  17.2 

Slow       27  27. 5 
Fast        27  48.2 
Fast  11  38  42. 0 
Slow         4  21.2 
Slow  4  18  01.2 
Fast    1  43  27. 3 

Slow       29  20 
Fast       25  48.0 
Fast  11  3(i  45.9 
Slow         0  19. 1 
Slow  4  19  5fi.  9 
Fast    1  41  31.8 

Fast       23  53.0 

Slow       33  09. 9 
Fast        22  10.2 
Fast  11  33  0,5.2 
.Slow       10  01.0 
Slow  4  23  30.5 
Fast    1  37  51.3 

Slow       34  ,52.7 
Fast        20  3,5.2 
Fast  11  31  2i.() 
Slow       n  42.0 
Slow   4  25  17.2 
Fast    1  30  09.5 

Slow      22  26. 8 

h.  m.    1. 
1  47  30. 1 

Near  Fort  Bn- 
ford,  Sept.  23. 

Sept.  24. 

103°  27' 02".  8 
Sept.  25. 

102°  44'  56".  8 
Sept.  26. 

103°  15'  40".  3 
Sept.  27. 

Sept.  28. 

101°  21'  05".  8 
Sept.  29. 

100°  55'  50".  8 
Fort  Bnford. 

Po'aris  . .  47  58  58. 8 
oAquiliD..         59  20.8 

Mean..  47  59  09.8 

Polaris  ..  48  02  09.8 
aAquilm  ..         01  12.8 

1  47  36. 1 

1  45  34.0 

3.5.  5 
33.7 
37.1 
30.8 
37.  C 

Mean..  48  01  41.3 
Polaris..  48  06  50.7 

Polaris  ..  47  46  21 
0  Aquila  ..         45  ,53.9 

Mean..   1  45  3,5.8 

1  42  44.3 

47.8 
4.5.5 

49.  H 
48.9 

48.2 

Mean..  1  42  47.4 

1  40  48. 0 
47.3 
49.8 
52.4 
52.8 
53.1 

Mean..  47  46  07.5 

Polaiis  ..  47  31  33.3 
a  Aqnila)  ..              21.0  j 

Mean..  I  40  50.7 
1  38  50. 8 

1  38  50. 8 

1  37  10.2 
13.0 
1 1.1 
11.7 
12. 3 
13.  5 

Mean..  47  31  27.5 

Polaris  ..  47  20  58.8 
a  Aquilo)  ..         21  10.8 

Mean..  47  21  07.8 

Polaris  ..  47  07  11  8 
a  Aqiiila)  ..               15.0 

.Mean..   1  37  12.0 

1  35  30. 1 
31.1 
30.5 
30.7 
31.2 
32.1 

Mean..    1  35  31.0 
1  47  39.5 

Mean..  47  07  08.7 

By     zenith     telescope, 
Cai)t.  Oitgory  : 

47  59  22."l9 

1  47  39.5 

M   B- 


-20 


HP 


liii 


8 


r   ' 

1 1 


!■    f 


I 


1   .1 


l»'      '    ' 


402  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION, 


STATION  ERRORS  ON  THE  49TH  PARALLEL  OF  LATITUDE, 

BETWEEN  THE  LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS  AND  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 


D. 

J. 

n. 

V-iA  +  B) 

Stntious. 

Stfttioii  errors,  mean 

Computed  dcflee- 
tioim   1    to    10 
mica. 

Compii'id   deflec- 

Unoxplnined  drflec- 

liarallol  =  0. 

tioDS  10  to  40  miles. 

tioiiH. 

1 

—  2.31 

—    .007 

—  2.30 

2 

+  1.52 

0 

+  1.52 

3 

+  2.33 

0 

+  2. 33 

4 

+  3.28 

—    .15 

+  3. 43 

5 

+  3..-)0 

—    .23 

+  3. 73 

(i 

+  2.95 

-  .42 

—    .27 

+  3.04 

7 

+  2.22 

—  .09 

—    .40 

+  2.77 

8 

+  1.40 

—     .30 

+  1.70 

!) 

—    .21 

—     .54 

+     .33 

10 

—  1.78 

-  .09 

—  1. 10 

-     ..53 

u 

—     .78 

—  .15 

—    .74 

+     .11 

Vi 

+    .00 

—     .05 

+    .71 

Kt 

—    .30 

—     .40 

+     .10 

14 

—  1.91 

—     .08 

—  1.23 

15 

—  2.23 

—    .(?3 

—  1.40 

IG 

—     .50 

—     .92 

+    .42 

17 

—    .31 

—  1.07 

+    .70 

18 

—     .94 

—     .99 

+     .05 

19 

+  1.-7 

—     .38 

+  2. 15 

'JO 

—  1.91 

+     .10 

—  2.01 

ai 

—     .81 

+     .80 

—  1.00 

2-i 

+    .98 

+  1.50 

—    .52 

'.':t 

-     .76 

+  1.90 

—  2.00 

24 

+  1.54 

+  3.29 

—  1.75 

U5 

+  2.00 

+  2. 10 

—    .10 

aC) 

+  3.  .55 

+  2.r-5 

+     .70 

27 

+  3. 03 

+  2.  80 

+     .83 

28 

+  l.OI 

+  2.03 

-    .42 

2'J 

+  .5.94 

+   1.38 

+  4.56 

:{0 

+  4.30 

+     .99 

+  3.31 

31 

+  2.09 

+     .95 

+  1.14 

:w 

-     .07 

—  1.43 

+    .70 

:i:! 

—  5.32 

—  2.31 

—  1.77 

—  1.84 

34 

-  7.95 

-    7.25 

—  1.:'7 

4-     .07 

33 

—     .  (>7 

—  1.  '4 

+     .37 

30 

f,.^ 

—  1  00 

+     .48 

37 

—  l!l7 

t 

38 

—  3. 42 

f> 

39 

—  O.Olt 

f 

40 

—  2. 42 

t 

41 

—  1.00 

f 

a 

43".  97     43".  9-1 

30 '.09     15".  62 

Mt':l  118 . . . 

2'.I4() 

1".442 

In  the  precceding  table,  the  column  D  contains  the  "Station-errors", 
or  the  discrepancies  between  each  astronomical  dtjtermination  of  the  paral- 
lel and  the  mean  parallel.  The  mean  parallel  is  that  with  reference  to  which 
the  sum  of  the  discrepancies  north  is  equal  to  the  sum  of  those  south;  its 


REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


403 


position  is  determined  by  referring-  all  the  discrepancies  to  one  station  and 
dividing  their  algebraic  sum  by  41. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  first  and  last  stations  (Kos.  1  and  40)  observed 
by  this  commission  difTer  from  each  other  by  only  0".l  1  in  latitude,  although 
316  miles  apart.  The  least  discrepancy  between  adjacent  stations  is  between 
Nos.  35  and  3G,  where  at  a  distance  of  24.6  miles  from  each  other,  the 
astronomical  latitudes  differ  only  0".l5;  the  largest  discrepancy  is  near  the 
Sweet  Grass  Hills  between  Nos.  34  and  35,  where  the  latitudes  difTer  by  •^*^-  c^i, 

738  feet,  or  7".28.     The  most  northerly  (No.  29)  is  nearly  14"  north  of  the    A<  ^'^^^   ^  ^'  ^' 
most  southerly  (No.  34).     The  mean  deflection  is  2".  146. 

These  r, suits  are  shown  more  clearly  on  the  accompanying  diagram. 
Tiio  upper  figure  represents  a  profile  of  the  country  constructed  from 
observations  with  the  mercurial  barometer  at  the  astronomical  stations  and 
from  trigonometric  leveling  in  the  intermediate  points;  tlio  lower  figure 
shows  the  main  features  of  the  topography  for  a  distance  of  forty  miles  on 
each  side  of  the  lino.  The  middle  figure  is  a  rc])resentation  (exaggerated 
more  than  200  times)  of  the  relative  positions  of  the  astronomical  and 
mean  parallels.     The  scales  are  given  for  each  figure  (pp.  2o7). 

Having  given  the  actual  deflections,  it  now  becomes  interesting  to  see 
how  far  these  can  b<;  accounted  for  by  the  attraction  of  masses  above  the 
surface,  and  how  many  of  them  unist  be  referred  to  some  attracting  force 
under  ground,  where,  as  Pratt  says,  "we  seem  to  have  an  luiliinited  resource 
upon  which  to  draw,  to  explain  any  anomalies  of  local  attraction  we  may 
perceive  on  the  surface." 

The  formula;  which  I  have  used  for  calculating  the  deflections  are 
tiioso  deduced  by  Jaeut.  Col.  A.  II.  Clarke,  R.  E.,  of  the  British  Ordnance 
Survey.  The  whole  discussion  is  found  at  length  in  his  "Account  of  the 
Principal  Triaugulation",  pp.  576-630,  but  I  shall  merely  give  an  outline  of 
the  main\er  in  which  the  dcdiuitiou  is  made. 

"The  plumb-line  is  acted  upon  by  gravity  G  in  a  vertical  direction, 
and  by  the  disturbing  force  A  acting  in  a  horizontal  direction;  the  resultant 
of  these  forces  =  V  A'-  +  G'^  acts  in  a  direction  which  makes  the  angle 

tan"'  ^—  with  the  direction  of  gravity.     When  A  is  very  small  in  comparison 


^i 


i 


!i 
It 


ti ; 


r 


f 


404 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


with  G,  this  angle  is  identical  .rith  its  tangent."     Using  Airy's  expression 
for  gravity,  Clarke  shows  that 


t  =  12".447  4 
o 


(1) 


in  which  ip  is  the  deflection  caused  oy  an  attraction  A,  and  S  is  the  mean 
density  of  the  earth. 

In  order  to  find  the  value  of  A  the  ground  in  the  vicinity  of  the  station 
is  divided  into  compartments  by  a  series  of  radii  and  circles ;  and  the  at- 
traction of  one  of  these  compartments  is  found  to  bo; — 


A  =  p  ()■'  —  r,)  (sin  a' 


sm  a,)  - 


(2) 


in  which: 


p  is  the  mean  density  of  the  compartment. 
h  the  mean  height  of  the  compartment. 
r'  and  r,  the  bounding  radii. 
a'  and  a.  the  azimuths  of  bounding  radii. 


r  =z 


2 


It  would  be  extremely  inconvenient  to  compute  the  attraction  of  each 
compartment  separately,  and  the  fonn  of  (2)  immediately  suggests  a  law  of 
division  of  the  lengths  and  direction  of  the  radii,  which  will  avoid  this,  and 
make  the  second  member  of  the  form,  constant  x  h.  Tliis  law  evidently  is 
to  make  the  lengths  of  the  radii  in  arithmetical  progression,  and  their  direc- 
tions such  that  their  sines  shall  be  in  arithmetical  progression. 

Denoting  then  by  (>•)  and  (.s)  tiie  common  difference  respectively  of 
the  lengths  of  the  radii  and  tlie  sines  of  their  azimuths,  and  by  //„  the  sum 
of  the  mean  heights  of  all  the  compartments  between  the  wth  and  n  +  1th 
circles  on  the  north,  and  by  II'„  the  same  on  the  south,  we  have:— 

,ii„-n' 


2A  =  p(s)2 


and  consequently: 


n  +J 


V'=24".894^(.)2f%^ 


(3) 


(4) 


^  may  be  taken  at  „  since  the  average  specific  gravity  of  rocks  varies 


'!  i 


li 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  B. 


405 


from  2.5  to  3.0,  and  the  mean  density  of  the  earth  is  about  5.5.  If  the  radii 
are  so  drawn  that  their  azimuths  are  sin~'  (  Tn  )  sin~'  (  ta  ),  etc.,  (s)  be- 
comes jT,;  and  if  H„,  etc.,  be  expressed  in  feet  the  formula  becomes,  for 
»  f  1  circles: 


V'  =  0".0002357l 


(U^ 


+ 


IL-H' 


+ 


H„  -  H 


'Zn  + 


f) 


(5) 


In  order  to  use  this  formula  contoured  maps  are  necessary  for  finding 
the  mean  heights ;  our  stadia  surveys  supplied  these  maps  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  station,  and  for  distant  attractions  I  have  used  200  feet 
contours  on  the  diagram  to  which  I  have  before  rcfen-ed. 

In  the  preceding  table  the  system  of  deflections  A  was  calculated  with 
radii  whoso  common  difference  was  1  mile,  and  which  extended  from  I  to  10 
miles,  except  at  station  34,  where  the  common  difference  of  the  radii  was  2,000 
feet.  Tiie  system  of  deflections  B  was  calculated  with  radii,  whoso  common 
difference  was  10  mile.'i,  and  which  extended  from  10  to  GO  miles  Deflec- 
tions A  have  been  calculated  at  only  six  stations— those,  namely,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Pembina  and  Turtle  Mountains,  and  the  Sweet  Grass  Hills. 
All  the  other  stations  from  1  to  36  are  surrounded,  in  their  immediate  vicin- 
ity, by  level  plains,  only  broken  here  and  there  by  the  gorge  of  a  stream ; 
the  maximum  deficiency  of  attraction  of  any  one  of  these  ravines  is  0".3, 
and  this  is  less  than  the  estimated  uncertainty  of  the  numbers  in  column  D. 

Beyond  station  36,  and  in  the  Missouri  Coteau,  wc  have  not  sufficient 
data  for  contours. 

It  may  seem  sti-ange  at  first  that  the  distant  attractions  should  he  so 
much  larger  than  those  nearer  the  station ;  but  this  must  always  be  so  in  a 
country  like  ."w^  nlains  cast  of  tlio  Rocky  Mountains,  where  there  are  few 
abrupt  irregul-.i  bs,  bu*-  where  large  tracts  of  country  have  a  gradual  tilt 
in  the  direction  of  the  arainage.  For  instance,  let  us  suj.ipose  a  tract  of 
country  with  a  radius  of  si.xty  miles,  wliich  has  everywhere  a  uniform  slope 
to  the  north  of  only  2  feet  in  a  mile;  the  plumb-lino  at  the  center  of  this 
tract  will  be  deflected  less  tiian  0".04  by  the  attraction  within  the  10- mile 
circle,  but  0".30  by  that  between  the  10  and  GO  mile  circles. 


1  ii 


I 


*  '  t 


f  "'  I 


i  -i 


il 


406 


UNITED  STATES  NORTBERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


By  inspecting  the  table  given  above,  wo  see  that  somo  of  the  observed 
deflections  are  accounted  for  by  the  irregularities  of  the  surface  and  some 
are  not. 

The  column  I)  —  {A-}-B)  contains  the  unexplained  deflections,  the 
mean  of  which  is  1".442,  or  about  two-thirds  the  mean  of  the  observed  de- 
flections. Only  ono-third  of  these  deflections  is  then  accounted  for  by  the 
irregularities  of  the  surface.  If  we  correct  the  latitudes  by  the  deflections 
A-{-B,  the  mean  parallel  will  be  0".39  north  of  its  present  position.  *  *  •  * 

The  results  of  this  investigation  may  then  be  summarized  as  follows : 
On  the  49th  parallel,  between  the  95th  and  114th  meridians,  the  average 
meridional  deflection  of  the  plumb-line  is  2".146.  At  29  stations  the  deflec- 
tions calculated  from  the  irregularities  of  the  surface  are  in  the  same  direc- 
tions as  those  observed,  and  at  12  stations  they  are  in  the  opposite  direction. 
The  residual  deflections,  unexplained  by  the  irregularities  of  the  surface, 
have  an  average  value  of  1".442,  or  about  two-thirds  of  the  whole  deflection. 

It  is  possible  that  these  results  might  be  modified  by  more  extended 
and  detailed  topographical  surveys  than  it  was  possible  for  us  to  make  con- 
sistently with  our  prime  duty  of  marking  the  parallel  beyond  the  possibility 
of  dispute  and  without  unnecessary  expense. 

F.  V.  GREENE, 
First  Lieutenant  of  Engineers. 


APPENDIX   H 


REPORT  OF  CAPT.  W.  J.  TWINING, 


CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS, 


CHIP.F    ASTRONOMER. 


407 


■.!f 


I"! 


-It 


i  n  j 


1i 


ii 


i 


\  i 


I '' 


II 

3S 


^.-tSjnle^Vt^^M^^M 


REPORT 


THE  DECLINATIONS  OF  THE  STARS  EMPLOYED  IN  LATITUDE  WORK  WITH 
THE  ZENITH  TELESCOPE,  EMBRACING  SYSTEMATIC  CORRECTIONS  IN  DE- 
CLINATION DEDUCED  FOR  VARIOUS  AUTHORITIES.  AND  A  CATALOGUE  OF 
FIVE  HUNDRED  STARS  FOR  THE  MEAN  EPOCH  1875, 


ASSISTANT  LEWIS  BOSS. 

NOW  DIRECTOR  OF  DUDLEY  OnSKRVATOBY. 


Dudley  Obseuvatoby, 
Alianij,  N'.  1'.,  February  21,  1877. 
Dear  Sir:  After  unexpected  delay  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit,  herewith,  my 
report  on  the  accuracy  of  the  declinations  adopted  by  the  United  States  Commission 
in  the  latitude  work  ol'  the  Northern  Boundary  Survey.  In  doing  this,  jiermit  me  to 
thank  you  most  cordially  for  the  kind  interest  and  generous  support  which  you  have 
throughout  accorded  to  this  undertaking.  The  sense  of  obligation  is  the  more  keenly 
felt,  when  I  rcQect  upon  the  many  imperfections  and  deficiencies  of  the  work;  but 
.your  intercourse  with  me  has  been  uniformly  such  as  to  cause  me  to  forget  the  debt, 
and  leaves  only  the  most  pleasant  recollections. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

LEWIS  BOSS, 
Director  of  Dudley  Observatory,  and  late  Assistant 
Astronomer  of  the  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Conanission. 
Capt.  William  J.  Twini.ng, 

United  States  Engineers,  Chief  Astronomer  and 

Surveyor  of  the  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission. 


i;' 


INTRODUCTOUY. 

The  method  of  obtaining  latitudes  with  the  zenith  telescope,  which  was  adopted 
by  the  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission,  rendered  it  necessary,  in  1872, 
to  calculate  the  decliinitions  of  a  large  number  of  stars.  The  short  time  allowed  for 
preparation  rendered  a  critical  discussion  of  these  star  iiluces  quite  impraclicable. 
The  declinations  adopted  in  the  work  of  1872  were,  therefore,  derived  from  a  limited 
number  of  authorities;  but  were  subsequently  icviscd  whenever  additional  material 

4(19 


[I  :i 


410 


UNITED  STATES  NORTH ERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[*1 


could  bo  Rociired.  Thus  the  cntalop;no  for  1874  wns  compiled  from  nearly  all  tbe 
nutliorities  which  could  bo  obtained  from  tho  library  of  tho  United  States  Naval 
Observatory, 

Tho  method  of  reduction  was  substantially  that  employed  by  Argelander  in  tho 
seventh  volume  of  Bonn  observations.*  The  principal  deviations  from  this  plan  con- 
sisted in  tho  smaller  weights  given  to  ileclinations  from  tho  older  authorities,  and  in 
applying  no  systematic  corrections  to  those  of  a  mean  dale  later  than  18G0. 

Upon  tho  accuracy  of  the  adopted  deelinations  depend  the  latitudes  of  twenty-two 
stations  in  tho  vicinity  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  Tliere  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  for  tho  majority  of  the  stations  the  error  in  location  due  to  instrumental  causes 
is  practically  iusignilicant,  and  that  if  any  considerable  correction  is  needed  it  may 
safely  be  ascribed  to  systematic  error  in  tho  values  of  declination  assigned  to  the 
determining  stars. 

To  ascertain  the  numerical  limits  between  which  tho  value  of  such  a  correction  is 
likely  to  exist,  and,  as  far  as  practicable,  to  compute  its  actual  amount,  was  tho  original 
purpose  of  this  discussion. 

When  the  work  was  about  half  complete<l,  it  appeared  that  tho  sysiematic  correc- 
tions and  tho  declinations  of  tho  principal  stars,  adopted  <is  standard  in  this  paper, 
might  prove  acceptable  to  others  engaged  in  certain  classes  of  astronomical  reductions. 
This  circumstance  led  to  a  considerable  enlargement  of  the  original  .scope  of  tho  work. 
Only  stars  of  tho  northern  hemisphere,  with  a  few  in  the  first  ten  degrees  of  south 
declination,  had  hitherto  been  considered.  The  list  was  now  extended  so  as  to  include 
all  the  stars  of  the  American  Eithemeris. 

Quito  recently,  upon  my  appointment  to  tho  astronomical  direction  of  Dudley 
Observatory,  the  work  received  an  additional  impulse  from  my  determination,  in 
reducing  observations  made  with  the  transit  circle,  to  use  a  standard  catalogue  in 
declination  as  well  as  right  ascension.  This  course  was  adopted  for  the  reason  that, 
whenever  tho  places  of  tho  principal  flsed  stars  can  bo  predicted  from  observations 
already  made,  with  greater  accuracy  than  they  can  be  determined  at  any  one  observa- 
tory by  a  single  series  of  a  few  years  duration,  a  desire  for  tho  greatest  economy  of 
labor  and  accuracy  in  results  should  dictate  one  of  two  courses:  either  a  special  and 
rigorous  research,  having  in  view  tho  independent  determination  of  iho  places  of  a 
small  number  of  the  brighter  stars;  or,  the  use  of  a  standard  catalogue,  compiled  from 
tho  best  available  sources,  to  which  tho  observations  of  all  other  objects  should  bo 
essentially  referred. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  owing  to  unavoidable  circumstances  this  change  in 
plan  was  made  too  late  for  the  most  advantageous  disposition  of  materials  available 
for  the  purpose  in  view.  On  tho  other  hand,  the  corrections  and  the  resulting  declin- 
ations are  probably  very  near  those  which  would  have  resulted  from  a  more  systematic 
and  elaborate  discussion,  adopting  tho  same  general  principles. 

This  considerable  extension  of  the  original  plan  was  determined  upon  at  a  time 
when  it  was  out  of  the  question  that  the  computations  should  be  completed  during 
the  existence  of  tho  boundary  commission;  so  that  in  the  performance  of  tho  work  it 
has  been  necessary  for  me  to  incur  many  obligations.  For  material  assistance  I  am 
especially  indebted  to  Prof.  Simon  Newcomb,  of  the  United  States  Naval  Observatory. 

*  ^an  Ikob.,  Ikuui  VII.,  AM.  I., "  UutersucUuugou  ULxir  dio  Ligoubewetjuugcu  vou  SoO  St«rnou." 


■M 


\'>] 


REPOUT  OF  THE  CDIEF  ASTKOXOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


411 


Without  liis  gonorou.s  intiTvcntion  it  would  hiiv»<  been  imuossiUlo  for  nic  to  Imvo  com- 
|il«'tc(l  the  woik  ill  its  present  extent,  williin  tlie  prescribed  limits  of  time.  For  further 
iiid,  1  am  under  the  ureiitest  oblifjations  to  tli<'  oUice  of  the  American  Eplieineris  and 
Nautical  Almanac;  and  to  the  Dndle.v  Observatory,  where  the  later  computations  bavo 
been  carried  on  partly  for  the  purpose  of  ionstriictinR  a  standard  catalogue  of  declin- 
ations, for  use  with  the  transit  circle,  as  already  explained. 

The  services  of  several  computers  have  been  entfaKcd  from  time  to  time,  generally 
for  short  periods.  For  sueb  services,  I  am  chiilly  indebted  to  Assistant  C.  L.  Doolittle, 
since  Professor  of  Slathemalics  and  Astronomy  in  the  Lehigb  University,  Pennsylvania, 
and  to  Assistant  O.  S. Wilson,  who  have  labored  t>n  the  work  in  a  most  disinterested 
and  competent  manner.  My  thanks  are  al.so  due  to  Thomas  R.  Feutherstonhaugb, 
A.  M.,  formerly  assistiint  at  the  Dudley  Observatory. 

The  facilities  of  the  Observatory  at  Washington  were  most  kindly  extended  to  mo 
by  Admiral  B.  F.  Sands,  Superiiitemh'iit,  and  by  his  successor  in  olllce,  Admiral  ('.  II. 
Davis.  To  tbe  various  members  of  the  astronomical  corps  at  that  institution  I  desire 
to  express  my  acknowledgments;  particularly  to  Professors  Eastman,  llarkness,  and 
Nourso,  for  special  courtesies. 


PKELIMINARY  STATEMENT  AND  GE.NEKAL  I'LAN  OV  THE  WORK. 

It  is  well  known  that  troublesome  systematic  discordances  exist  oven  among  inde- 
pendent declination  determinations  of  the  highest  rank,  while  the  ditl'erences  which 
were  found  between  tbe  earlier  results  of  IJessel,  Drinkley,  and  Pond,  and  even  between 
difl'erent  results  by  the  same  astronomer,  were  such  as  to  provoke  an  acrimonious  ('on 
troversy  and  to  lead  to  most  erroneous  theories.  The  science  of  exact  measurement  of 
zenith  distances  was  no  doubt  very  mueli  stimulated  by  the  latter  circumstances,  for  in 
the  period  extending  Irom  1S20  to  1850  we  have  more  than  one-half  the  entire  material 
now  available  for  researches  upon  the  absolute  declinations  of  the  fundamental  stars. 

For  tbe  pur|ioso  here  proposed,  it  will  not  bo  necessary  to  make  any  extensive 
enumeration  of  the  attempts  which  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  to  ascertain  and 
reconcile  these  diflerences.  Since  tho  api)earance  of  Hessel's  reduction  of  Bradley's 
observations,*  the  uniform  practice  has  been  to  consider  these  places  for  1755  as  abso- 
lute, and  to  compare  them  with  the  results  of  a  single  modern  series,  or  with  the  mean 
of  two  or  more.  With  the  declinations  and  pro])er  motions  thus  formed,  the  corrections 
necessary  to  reduce  any  given  series  to  the  standard  could  be  ascertained.  Miidler 
compared  a  number  of  modern  catalogues  with  Pond's  Catalogue  of  1,1  lU  stars,  tbe 
proper  motions  being  derived  from  the  Fundamentu.f  Dr.  Gould  reduced  tho  star- 
places  now  adopted  in  the  American  Ki>hemeiis  in  a  similar  manner,  using  for  tho 
modern  catalogue  the  Abo  Catalogue  of  tho  late  Dr.  Argelaiuler.|  Dr.  Wolfers  cor- 
rected the  declinations  of  Bcssel's  Tabiilw  Krgiomonfana;  using  for  that  imrpose  eleven 
modern  catalogues.  Many  series  of  observations  were  adajUed  to  the  system  thus 
formed  through  the  labors  of  Dr.  Argelander  and  Dr.  Auwers.§    The  latter  has  con- 

*  rundamciita  Anlronomiw  pro  anno  170!3,  ex  obteiialionibus  J.  Bradliy,  Aticliire  F.  W.  Ueesi'l.  llegio- 
monii,  1HI8. 

t  Dorpat  observations,  vol.  xiv.    J.  H.  MUtller. 

t  Dr.  U.  A.  Gould's  Standard  Places  of  Fundamental  Stars,  United  Stales  Coast  Survey,  ieC(j. 

{  Tabulii  Ueduetwnnm,  Auetore  3.  Ph.  Wolfers.  BeroHni,  16.')8.  Dr.  Auwcru  ia  Astronomiscke  Nackriok- 
t«n.    Dr.  Argelamlcr,  Astronomische  Nachrickten,  Jlonn  Beob.  IW.  vii,  otc. 


UlXf 


v\  t, 


fi;;i 


412 


UNITED  STATES  NOBTUEUN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[fi] 


tributod  an  px]inii8t!vo  indcpiMKlont  iiivo8tif;ntinn  of  ilodiniitinn  corrpctioim  in  Antro- 
niminche  Nachriihlcii,  BiUHl  (It  (pp.  ;i(l5  to  JtSL').  Takiuf?  Ilm  Alio  Uiiliil«>KiH',  rclcrrc*!  to 
tlio  Fundamcnta,  iih  tlio  niotliniii  (il't'(ini|)ai'isoii,  the  «-ori'(-etionH  ncccHHiii.v  to  ri'tlui't'  tlio 
principal  niodi'in  M'lii-M  of  observed  declitiationH  to  tlitt  K^.stfni  ol  liio  Abo  aro  lir.st 
aNecrtaini'd  and  afterward  emreeted  by  tbo  mean  of  fourteen  (Milalo;;nt'.s  ,jiidf;ed  nioNt 
Hnitablo  for  tlic  purpose,  in  sueli  a  way  tliat,  for  tbo  epoeb  ITri'i,  tlie  Hyatem  is  that  of 
tlie  Fimdamenta  i\H at  lirst ;  but.  for  (be  uu'an  modern  date  (about  IH^iT)  that  uf  tbc  mean 
of  the  fourteen  cataloKues.  8borlly  alterward  (A.  N.,  lid.  (il,  p.  l!);t)  Dr.  Anwers  used 
thesi)  corrculioiiH  in  discussui;;  tlio  decbiiatlonH  of  thirty  lour  fnndamentsd  and  nine 
circunipolar  stars.  Similar  diseussionn  and  eonipilation.s  relalint;  to  star  declinatiun.s 
buvo  also  been  madu  by  Daily,*  Lau;;ier,t  tSalVordj^  Druliiis,§  and  others. 

It  is  evident  in  the  eases  cited  that,  if  \ru  denote  by  J  N  the  correction  required 
by  a  normal  oystem  for  the  epoch  2\  which  coi responds  to  the  mean  of  the  modern 
cutalo|;ues  employed  in  its  I'ornnitiou,  and  by  J  li  tlic  correction  required  for  the  8umo 
system — or  what  is  the  same  thing,  Dessel's  FmtdamcnUi — at  the  epucU  1705,  the  cor- 
rection of  the  system  for  any  other  epoch  T'  will  be, 


T—T' 


If  wo  put  JN'==G  and  r= 
system,  when  T'  =  1875, 


:  1835,  wo  shall  have  as  the  correction  of  the  normal 

Thus,  if  declinations  arc  required  for  the  epoch  1875,  a  single  determination  at  that 
date  having  weight  5,  when  the  unit  of  weight  is  the  corresponding  determination  by 
Bradley,  is  worthy  of  more  conlidence  than  that  which  is  derived  from  ti  discussion 
which  assumes  the  Fundamciila  as  absolute  at  the  epoch  1755,  even  though  uio'lern 
determinations  bo  absolutely  without  error  for  the  epoch  lcS;{5. 

After  the  timo  of  Bradley  we  meet  with  lu)  Mportant  independent  detcrinir.ation 
of  declination  until  that  of  Piazzi  for  tlu>  mean  ep>  8(10.  But  the  instrument  used 
in  this  8eri(>s  was  entirely  inadequate  for  the  purpose,  -i..  >  "igb  all  the  elements  of 

reduction — precession,  initation,  and  aberration  excepted — weii.  'v"d  from  the  obser- 
vations themselves,  the  execution  of  the  work  is  not  such  as  to  eonimainl  our  entire 
conUdenee.  Passing  over  the  circnmpolar  catalogue  of  Grooniluidge  (epoch  1810),  the 
lirst  which  ap(U'ars  to  answer  our  requirements  results  from  observations  nnule  with 
the  Iteichcnbach  circle,  in  1820  and  1821,  by  Bessel  (Kiiniiiubfrg  Ikoh.,  vol.  vii).  This 
may  be  regarded  as  the  (Irst  example  in  the  new  era  of  d:  <l;nation  determinations  with 
meridian  instraments.  The  form  of  discussion  there  eini  lovei  has,  with  blight  modili- 
cations,  served  as  a  nu)del  for  similar  independent  rcM'ari'.HS'.f  the  highest  order  ever 
since  that  time;  and  since  this  epoch  there  is  no  lack  «''  iralerial  for  the  formation  of 
standard  catalogues  of  dectlination. 

•CataloKiio  of  tlm  Koyal  AstrDiiumical  Poiicly  for  IKSO.  IliitiHli  Ass<uiatioii  C!itulii('''o  <:1' ^'.^77 
BtarH  for  tbo  (,'pocli  X'-'M,  ctf. 

t  J/c'moiif  diir  la  llcttrmhialhii  tUs  OUIancfS  I'olairca  den  Kluxht  Fomhinuvtaks  par  A'.  l.aiigUr.  Deux- 
iime  lection,  p.  T.'i. 

{  AiinalH  of  Harvard  Collcgo  OliMrvatory;  Jlt'tiioira  American  Acailcuiy,  Now  Siiifs,  vol.  iii ;  Muon 
ileclinatioiifl  of  981  ttars  for  1HT5,  Wasliiiigloii,  1S7.1,  etc. 

{  Geiuralberichl  dcr  liarojiiiiaclmH  OradineaaitHg,  1S71. 


1 


uij.JWJii'AJBy'i 


[7] 


REPORT  OF  THE  CUIKP  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  413 


It  will  bo  nIiowii  tliat  Iho  iiitorval  of  tiiiic  between  the  proiip  ot  early  (leterinina- 
tions  by  IJesHel  (LS-'I),  Stnive  (ISiil),  anil  ArKelander  {l.HL".»),  anil  (lio  later  ones  at 
Leuli'n,  Melbourne,  (ireenwii^ii,  and  WaHliinKton  uliservatoiics  (not  to  mention  inter- 
nieiliatu  eatal'i^nes),  is  i]nite  ttnllirient  I'or  an  inilepeniient  jniltirnent  as  to  (lie  approxi- 
ni  te  aciiiraey  ami  eonseiiaent  w«'l;;lit  of  Iiiiulle.N's  resiiKs,  anil  lliat  a  reliable  system 
of  correetioim  to  tint  varloiiM  eatalo;;neM  may  be  foiniileil  on  a  disensslon  of  recent  entn- 
lo{;iH'.x  alone,  taking  an  the  earliest  that  of  Hessel  lor  tlie  mean  epoeli  IH'Jl. 

Ilavin;;  premised  this  uuieli,  for  the  pnrposeof  a  more  exact  understani1in;;of  the 
seope  and  eontents  of  the  sneeeedin;;  pages,  the  suecessive  steps  and  objective  points 
will  be  indicated  in  brief.    Thesl^  are: — 

1.  The  selection  of  stars  to  tin  in  the  catalogne,  and  parlienlarly  of  n  list  of  stars 
most  freqnently  observed,  which  shall  serve  as  the  basis  of  the  iiornnd  system  and  as 
a  niedinm  of  (U)niparison  between  the  varions  series  of  oliservations. 

12.  The  formation  of  approximate  positions  and  proper  motions  for  the  fietitious 
epoch  187r).().  These  will  be  ni'cessary  for  the  eompntation  of  precession  coeflleients. 
Furthermore,  the  valnes  of  the  assumed  »  and  /»'  should  be  fair  approxinuitions,  for 
reasons  which  will  appear  in  the  i)ro])er  place. 

;t.  The  computation  of  precession  coetlicients,  and  w  illi  the  aid  of  these  (and  in  the 
cuvAt  of  close  circuaipolar  stars  by  the  ri{;orons  formula')  the  reilnction  of  the  individual 
declinations  to  the  reiiuircd  epoclis,  in  order  that  the  assumed  declimitiuns  may  be  cor- 
rected by  compari.-.    .     ith  the  observed  values. 

4.  Tiie  selection  of  catali){;u»'s  and  series  of  observations,  wbicli  shall  serve  in 
various  sta;»es  of  the  work  to  correct  the  assumed  decliimtions.  These  will  be  divided 
into  three  classes. 

5.  The  ai)plication  to  the  declinations  a'lvcu  by  these  catalo^'ues  of  certain  correc- 
tions deemed  advisable  from  an  inspection  of  the  constants  and  methods  of  reduction, 
and  numerous  compilations  of  the  results  of  several  successive  years  at  the  sanu>  obser- 
vatory into  sinjjie  Ci.talo;;ues  embraciufj  (uinvenient  iiitervals  of  time.  These  correc- 
tions are  such  as  can  be  determined  without  recourse  to  comparisons  of  the  determina- 
tions of  one  instrument  with  those  of  anotluT.  The  compilations  are  for  the  purpose 
of  rendering  available  a  Iarp;e  mass  of  material  that  would  otherwise  be  inconvenient 
or  unsuitable  for  the  purpose  hero  projioseil.  (Jenerally,  published  catalofjues,  which 
combine  in  one  determination  the  residts  of  several  years,  have  been  used  without 
change. 

(I.  The  collection  of  results  and  formation  of  the  api)roximale  nornnil  .system  from 
a  discussion  of  the  declinations  of  the  fundamental  and  piiniipal  circumpolar  stars, 
using  for  this  i)arpose  only  those  series  of  observations  which  are  suppos"d  to  give 
determinations  of  sullicient  independence  and  weight. 

7.  I'y  the  aid  of  the  ajjpioximate  corrections  to  the  selected  list  of  authorities  to 
eidarge  the  number  of  standard  declinations,  and,  in  turn,  with  these  to  derive  the 
systematic  correction  required  by  Ibadley's  observations  as  reduced  by  Des.sel  in  the 
Fiintlaiitfitta  AKtronomiw. 

S.  With  this  correction  together  with  those  previously  found,  and  with  an  increased 
list  of  stars,  to  ascertain  correcitions  to  the  assumed  declination  and  proper  motion  of 
each  star;  and  taking  them  as  a  basis,  to  compute  dolinitivi!  corrections  and  weights 
for  all  the  catalogues  except  those  of  the  third  class;  with  which  Unal  weights  and 


1 


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II  I 

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414 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[8 1 


corrections,  the  dcQiiitivo  declinations  are  computed  (us  tlioy  appear  in  the  cata- 
loguo  n*;  the  cud  of  this  paper),  a  few  excepted  which  depend  on  a  small  nnmber  of 
authorities. 

y.  The  computation  of  a  few  systematic  corrections  to  catalogues  of  the  third 
class;  and  the  formation  of  all  reraaiuing  dt^clinutions  for  the  final  catalogue. 

10.  A  few  deductions  relative  to  the  accuracy  of  the  declinations  formerly  adopted 
in  obtaining  latitudes  on  the  Northern  Boundary. 

SECTION    I. 

SELECTION  OF  STAES. 

The  preliminary  catalogue  necessarily  embraces  all  tbo  stars  used  in  zenith  tele- 
scope work  of  the  United  States  Northern  Boundary  Commission,  1872-1875. 

All  of  the  stars  of  the  American  Ephemeris  for  which  apparent  places  are  given  in 
that  publication  are  added  to  this  list,  Sirius  and  Procyon  excepted.  The  great 
majority  of  these  stars  are  required  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  the  normal  system. 
These  were  supplemented  by  a  considerable  nnmber  of  the  Poulkova  Ilauptntcrnc, 
preference  being  given  to  those  most  frequently  observed  at  Poulkova  and  elsewhere. 

At  the  suggestion  of  others  a  few  stars  were  added  which  might  servo  for  latitude 
determinations  with  zenith  telescope  on  or  near  the  parallel  of  ^Q°  north  latitude. 

Eflectively,  the  selection  may  bo  regarded,  for  convenience,  as  embracing  at  least 
five  diflferent classes  of  stars : 

a.  The  fundamental  and  principal  circumpolar  stars  which  have  been  by  common 
consent  quite  universally  observed. 

b.  A  class  of  stars  less  frequently  observed,  bat  with  the  observations  so  distrib- 
uted in  time,  thst  reliable  determinations  of  docliiia'ion  add  proper  moUon  can  be  had 
without  recourse  to  Bradley's  observations;  and  which,  together  with  the  fundamental 
stars,  may  servo  to  construct  an  approximate  normal  system  for  the  epoch  1755. 

c.  A  class  of  stars  similar  to  the  last,  but  lacking  in  f  atisfactory  authorities  for 
the  epochs  included  between  1S20  and  1840.  After  the  systematic  corrections  of  the 
older  authorities  aro  ascertained,  these  will  servo  equally  with  the  preceding  in  deter- 
mining the  systematic  corrections  required  l)y  the  j)rincipal  authorities. 

d.  A  considerable  number  of  stars,  which  do  not  furnish  proper  material  for  ascer- 
taining systematic  corrections  to  the  principal  authorities,  but  which  will  be  found 
valuable  for  the  purposes  of  perfecting  the  system  of  corrections  adopted  for  a  few 
catalogues  of  small  weig'.t,  and  for  extending  the  system  to  catalogues  deflcient  in 
observations  of  the  first  three  classes  of  stars. 

c.  The  remaining  declinations  are  snch  r..  depend  on  few  authorities,  and  are  prac- 
tically of  no  service  in  ascertaining  systematic  corrections.  They  belong  to  the  class 
of  stars  selected  and  used  for  observation  with  the  zenith  telescope;  and  it  isdesirable 
to  calculate  'leir  declinations  with  whatever  precision  can  bo  attained  by  the  use  of 
all  authorities  that  are  conveniently  accessible. 


(OJ 


REPOllT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTEONOMEll,  APPENDIX  U. 


415 


SECTION  ir. 

APPROXIMATE  POSITIONS  FOR   1875.0. 

Our  plan  contempliitcs  tbe  a.ssuuiption  at  »  given  opocli  of  approximate  values  of 
the riglit ascension  and  (Iccliuation. and  of  proper  motion  in  botli  coorilinatea.  Tliese 
V  ill  servo  for  the  accurate  computation  of  the  precession  coefllcients.  For  this  pur- 
1)080  it  is  simply  necessary  to  avoid  errors  v;hich  are  largo  enough  to  introduce  appre- 
ciable errors  in  those  terms  of  precession  in  declination  tliat  depend  on  the  higher 
powers  of  the  time,  and  in  the  geometrical  part  of  the  annual  variation.  It  is,  however, 
desirable  in  order  to  facilitate  subseqnent  comjiutations  that  the  declination  and  its 
proper  motion  should  be  so  determined  that  the  corrections  they  may  require  will 
not  bo  inconveniently  large;  and  that  the  difference  between  the  assumed  and  con- 
cluded proper  motions  will  not  bo  so  large,  that  the  neglect  of  the  small  difference 
between  the  adopted  mean  epoch  of  observation  for  each  catalogue  and  the  particular 
mean  for  a  given  star  will  seriously  affect  the  final  result  for  declination  and  proper 
motion, 

The  epoch  of  reduction  selected  for  the  catalogno  is  the  fictitious  or  Besselian 
epoch  1875.0. 

Jiiglit  ascension. 

For  tlic  fundamental  stars  this  is  copied  from  Professor  Nowcomb's  paper,  Appen- 
dix in.,  Washington  Observations  for  18;0.  The  proper  motions  are  from  the  same 
source. 

Except  for  stars  south  of  declination  —  30°,  the  remaining  right  ascensions  arc 
taken  from  tho  American  Ephemeris  for  1875,  as  far  as  possible.  The  following  incon- 
siderable corrections  are,  however,  api)lied  in  most  cases.  They  are  inf  euiled  to  reduce 
these  right  ascensions  to  tho  standard  of  Professor  Newcomb's  paper,  above  cited. 


Hour. 

Correction. 

Hour. 

Correction. 

Honr. 

Correction. 

8. 

n. 

.**. 

0 

+  .o;t 

H 

—  .(« 

Hi 

-f  .01 

1 

-f  .(I'J 

9 

—  .O'i 

17 

+  .0-J 

y 

-f  .01 

10 

—  .Oi 

IH 

+  .  o;t 

o 

+   <'i 

11 

—  .Vi 

111 

4-  .o;i 

•i 

00 

I'J 

—  .01 

•JO 

+  .!'!! 

5 

-  .01 

i;i 

-    .01 

•Jl 

+  ..):i 

(t 

-  .01 

14 

-    .00 

OO 

+  .03 

7 

-  .0-i 

y- 

-;-   .01 

'.>:! 

+  .o;i 

8 

-  .O'J 

iti 

+  .01 

S>4 

+  .o;t 

Tho  proper  motions,  in  A.  It.,  of  thcoo  stars  were  taken  fioin  the  Star  Tables  of 
American  Ephenieris  {Wn.,  180'J).  They  are  mostly  tlioso  of  Dr.  B.  A.  Gould's  Stand- 
ard Places  of  Fundamental  Stars,  Uuia'd  States  Coast  Survey,  second  edition  {Wn., 
1800).  For  other  stars  tho  A.  U.  and  n  were  computed,  if  possible,  from  at  least  two 
good  modern  nuthorities  compared  with  either  Bradley,  Piazzi,  or  Oroombridge,  and 


i 
i 


i  p    '  t 


416 


UNITE>1  STATES  NOETOEEN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[10] 


occasioually  with  all  three.  The  authorities  were  first  corrected  by  the  tables  of  Pro- 
fessor Newcoinb's  i)aper  just  mentioned.  In  a  few  cases  where  older  authorities  were 
wanting  the  assumed  A.  It.  and  /i  were  computed  with  grc^itcr  care. 

Declinations. 

In  computing  assumed  declination  and  proper  motion  in  decliuotion,  the  preference 
was  given :  first,  to  the  Northern  Boundary  catalogue  of  hititude  stars  for  the  epoch 
1874.0;  second,  to  the  declinations  for  1870.0  reduced  by  Brnhnafor  the  Oradmessung, 
and  contained  in  Gcncralbericht  ilcr  Euroiniisehen  Gradmessungfiir  1871  ;•  third,  exclud- 
ing stars  south  of  —30°  declination,  to  the  declinations  for  1875.0  of  the  American 
Ephemeris  j  and  fourth,  in  the  failure  of  these  three  sources  of  supi)ly,  declinations 
were  computed  in  a  manner  entirely  analogous  to  that  adopted  with  right  ascensions, 
except  that  no  systematic  corrections  were  ai)plied.  Nearly  all  the  declinations  of 
stars  south  of  —  30°  declination  were  formed  (roni  the  mean  of  Mr.  Stone's  recent 
catalogue  of  Maclear's  observations  at  the  Cape  lor  1800,  and  the  First  Melbourne 
Catalogue  for  1870,  the  assumed  i)roper  motions  being  copied  from  the  latter.  In 
"Details  of  Corrections  to  Assumed  Places"  the  preliminary  a  and  S  with  their 
assumed  variations  are  given  at  the  head  of  the  table  for  each  star. 


11 


f    "! 


SECTION    III. 

COMPUTATION   OF  PttECESSIGN  TERMS. 

The  constants  of  Peters  and  Struvo  have  been  adopted.    They  aret:— 

HI  =  'lG".0G2;i  +  0".0002340  (t  —  1800) 
n  =  -JO" .0007  -  O".0000SG3  (<  -  1800), 

where  t  is  expressed  in  years.    These  are  now  iu  very  general  use,  and  probably  are 
not  far  from  the  correct  values.}: 

At  any  rate,  since  our  object  is  not  so  much  to  ascertain  the  exact  amount  of 
proper  motion  as  to  know  the  total  change  produced  by  the  annual  movement,  great 
a'.'curacy  is  ri'quired  oidy  in  terms  of  precession  involving  higher  powers  of  the  time, 
The  eft'i'ct  of  jiroper  motion  has  been  c()nsi<U'red  iti  every  case,  and  for  this  purpose 
the  lormnhc  given  by  Professor  Hill  in  St:tr  Tables  of  the  American  Ephemeris  (p.  xix) 
have  been  adopted.  The  coeflleieiit  of  t'  has  received  a  slight  modification  due  to  the 
neglect  of  small  terms.    So  that,  if  the  first  and  second  difl'erential  coefficients  in  both 

•  "Die  Ikvlinalionin  ilir  lid  dir  CnidmiiiHilvg  :u  Ilriitcnbrslimmungcn  bmiitilcn  rixstcrne,"  C.Hruhns. 
Tho  (lec'.iiiatioii  iiml  ft'  of  a  Crpliii  llu  ri'  jjivpii  ..iiin'iir  to  lio  in  error.  Tiiking  tlio  gooinotrical  preci'ssion 
as  computed  on  p.  II,  tbo  socomls  of  il  I'or  DnulW'i  'h  cliservatioiiH  ri'iliiccil  to  1S70,  sbotiUl  bo04".'iy  iiiBtcad 
of  0;i".-JO  118  printed  in  tho  lust  eoliiniii  of  \\  7.  The  corrected  jiroper  motion  will  be  -)-  ".0'J4  instead  of 
+  ".0(10,  ami  the  Reconda  of  <5  for  1H7(I,  7".  1:1  in«tead  of  7".0:l 

t  Xiimemt  ('onetana  Xiilalionin,  pp.  (Hi,  71.     Ur.  C.  A.  1\  Peters. 

t  Dr.  C  Urnbns  in  "  Die  Dictiiiulioiien  ikr  hi  dcr  tlradmrnaunij,"  u.  ».  n.,  takes  tho  samo course,  •  •  • 
"dadiiaclbe  [precession  of  Struve]  iiiisc/icn  (/dtt  ll'irlhc  dir  lUmtViidieii  und  dcr  Ltxerriir'echen  Pracceaion 
liegt  iinrf  nach  den  ncueren  Iteobachliingin  die  rarialio  aaeuliiria  von  Slrurc  und  Lctcrri--r,  die  faat  identiach  iai, 
enlachitden  genauer  ala  die  IleaacVichc  I'a.iatio  lariiUiiia  anh  Jiiidet,"  pp.  'i  and  3 


.14, 


fllj 


UEPOIIT  OF  TDE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  II,  417 


^o 


CO  oi'tliiiatos  are  known,  the  computation  of  g^  will  be  sufficieutly  rigorous,  simple, 
and  expeditious.    In  computing 


—  is  usuallv  without  sensible  influence  on  the  rejsult.    Let 
At 

a    and  'I     =  respectively  the  right  ascension  and  declination  of  a  star, 

It    and  /'    =  the  corresponding  proper  motions, 

n    and  m    —  coeflBcients  of  precession, 

-jT  and  -J.  =  their  respective  annual  variations. 
Wo  shall  have: — 

Aa 


-  -    =  JH  +  n  sin  a  tan  "  +  /i 
At 

'Jl  =  n  cos  a  +  r' 

at 


=  n  n  cos  a  tan  -5  -f  »  /i'  sin  a  sec'  0  +  2/1  n'  tan  S 


at 

'M  =  -  n  n  sin  «  -  J  /i'  sin  25 

at' 


'«  =  _»!!  <h  +  'i^  +  <ii»  I  ("^  -  „:)  +  n(^^  +  .n^  cos  a  tan  8 
(^  n  at       At  ^  at  a  KAt        J^     \At        J 

+  n  Oil  +  I A  sin  a  sec'  .5  +  -  /'  /''  tan  S. 
(//'      ^  at  n  \At         J         \At  ^'  J 


d'd 


An  /'Aa 


+  -   )  8111  a  —  )l  (  -— ;  +  -^  )  Sin  «  —  «-!-.+  ."   )   (  -rr  )  COS 

IV  Kat'^aty  \at^  /\Aty 


gp ~     "at  \at 

If  u,  /<,  m,  and  -^  are  expressed  in  time,  and  the  factor     supplied,  when  necessary, 

we  have  the  fdllowiiig  tables  of  logarithmic  values  for  the  coefllfients,  the  arguments 
being  the  year,  and  quantities  depending  on  the  place  of  tlie  star,  except  for  the  first 
table,  whicli  simply  gives  the  values  of  m  and  n  for  various  epochs: — 


i  I 


N   B- 


Yi'iii-. 

m 

II. 

1"K  " 

'">^i-i 

i7r.o 

a.  (imw 

20.0000 

1.3021TO.') 

0. 19C348 

17-:. 

;i.  07o;)r. 

20. 0029 

l.;i(«!',i-.'.i 

0. 12tl:i02 

If^OO 

:i.  ()708J 

20. 0007 

1.  :!i)2:M(il 

0. 12r,J,-).-| 

IS'J,-. 

H.O-lV'O 

20.  o:>s'r. 

i.;i02'.ntiii 

0. 120-ilW 

ifr>o 

3,07177 

2(1.  OM54 

1.  :i02y."i','7 

0. 1'JOMW 

1S75 

:i.  OlU^y 

20. 0.'->42 

1.  :!022ur.i) 

0.12011.-. 

1000 

3. 07878 

30.0591 

1. 302ir,<J8 

0. 120008 

1 


*i 


418 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[12J 


iU' 


Voar. 

Constant. 

Log.  cocfllciBUtH  of— 

'£-'■ 

('!"  +  /!  jcos  a  lull  J 

1  "tH-/'    jsiii  0  see' (3 

/i  t*'  tan  (! 

1750 
1775 
1800 
1825 
1850 
1875 
1000 

+  . 0000  naao 

:tv!*20 
3!>20 
3!S>1 

:W21 

31W1 
+  .0000  3*« 

(  —  101 

1.  ii:t;!.-.7  H 
4.  (i;!:i(W  11 
4.o;t:tO(>n 
4.('>:i:l71n 
4.  (i:t:)7(;  n 
4.(V!aisi">n 
4.(>..    '•> .» 

(-10) 

;..  '.)s.-<oi 

5.  '.I87'.)7 
5.  y87U'J 
5. 98787 
5. 9878:l 
5. 98778 
5.9877:1 

(-10) 

4.8119J 
4.  81 158 
4.8118:1 
4.81178 
4.81174 
4.811C9 
4.81104 

(-10) 

4.9866 
II 

*4 

,Pd 


Yeor. 

Lor.  copQIcionts  of — 

li-  Hin  '2(5 

(ts-"  ) 

(!^  +  .)a.na 

1750 
1773 

1800 

i8-r> 
i8r.o 

1875 
1900 

(-10) 
0. 7:«J7a  n 

r  — 10) 

4.  (ia:u>7  II 
4.  uaai;.' » 
4.  t;:ta()(>  n 
4.(;;t:i7ii» 
4. thiaili  n 

4.  oa:i.so  II 

4.0338511 

(-10) 

7. 1()4105  n 
7.  I(i4{ir.9  n 
7. 1(i40ia  n 
7.  llhWCS  n 
7.  lfl:J918n 
7. 163H7a  II 
7.10382511 

5 


Year. 

Loir.  <'oi'fflcii-n(H  of — 

1 

C^+i)«'- 

/./'a   ,  rf,i\    , 
(^dO  +  H)'^"" 

(-10) 

7. 10411 II 

7.  lC.4ii;>  11 
7.  IiUOl  II 
7.  ItiaiKi  II 

7.  loao-i  11 

7.  I(!:»87  II 
7. 1G333  n 

(jt  +  ")(j^"'"' 

n.'-io 

177,-. 
1800 
1825 

ia-.o 

1875 
1900 

(-10) 

2.09871 

(-tO) 

:t.  02,W7  n 

a.  0'r.7;i  n 
a.  Oi-.(W  n 
a.  0'r.(!3  n 

:i.  o-.>.-ir.8  n 

a.  02.'i54  II 
3.0254911 

1 

fl3| 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEE  ASTRONOIMER,  APPENDIX  n. 


4iy 


Witb  those  lublt's,  and  with  the  ussiimod  vahu's  of  a,  il,  /«,  and 


,    (la    (Pa    (M    (P.I 

'  dl'  (II-'  (It'  (IP^ 


and  i-'p  were  computed  for  the  epoch  1875  for  every  star.     The  vahies  of  all  tliese  will 


(It 


,  (I,-, 


\w  found  in  the  definilivo  catalogue  (end   of  this   A|)|)t'n(lix),  except  that  of  ---,  (or 

which  tho  catalogue  gives  the  corrected  value.    The  assumed  value  of  i^  and  '  "  will 

be  found  with  assumed  values  of  a  and  S  at  the  head  t)f  the  tabic  for  each  star  in 
"  Details  of  Corrections  to  Assumed  Places." 

Having  now  assumed  declinations  and  variations  in  luecession  for  1875.0,  the 
position  for  any  other  date,  T  will  be: — 

,5  +  ^(7--  1875)  +  4  ^'  (T  -  1875)'  +i'^,{T-  1875)'. 


(7f 


(It 


(It' 


Ily  this  formula  the  decliiuitions  of  all  (he  Nautical  Almanac  stars,  with  otl-ors 
most  frequently  observed,  were  computed  for  (he  dates  1755,  18(i(),  1810, 18l.'0,  and  for 
each  succeeding  year  until  1875.  Stars  less  freciuently  observed  were  computed  only 
to  tho.se  dates  actually  reiinired.  The  computation  in  every  part  was  carefully  scrutin- 
ized, and  either  checked  by  diUerenccs  or  duplicated. 

Tor  stars  within  5°  of  the  pole,  and  for  one  or  two  others  at  jiartienlar  dates,  (he 
above  proceeding  will  not  answer.  These  were  rigorously  reduced  by  the  trigonomet- 
rical formulie  to  the  required  dales  before  and  to  every  (Ive  years  alter  182(»  from  places 
ami  proper  motions  assumed  for  the  epoch  1855.  The  following  formulip,  taken  from 
Chauvenet's  Spherical  and  Practical  Astronomy  (vol.  i,  p.  015),  were  used  : — 


tan 


p  =  sin  0  (tan  (5  +  tan  A  "  cos  A] 
lA'-A)^      ?)siuyl 

.  ,./       »>       .       1  ,1  /cos  A  I  A'  4-  A)\ 


in  which 


A=a  +  z+  .»,  and  A'  =  »'  — .-' -f  i?', 


<i  and  a'  being  respectively  tho  assumed  and  required  rigiit  ascensions,  &  tho  planetary 
precession,  and  z,  z',  and  0  are  found  from  the  formula)  :— 

tan  i  (y  +  J')  =  tail  A  ("'-'")  •••^••^  i  (-i'+ '^i) 

^(z'-z)        -(;,„  A(v'- i'.)sTn  A(e,'-f  £,) 
sill  A  ''  =  sin  A  ("' — '')  «in  A  (£i'+ C|), 

where  the  symbols  used  have  the  same  sigiiilicallou  as  in  the  place  from  which  the 
formuln)  are  cited.  Reckoning  fiom  1800,  we  have  >'  =  +  7".5S1.  For  the  other  quan- 
tities I  have  computed  the  following  table: — 


>1 


'.'M  \ 


MW 


420       UKiTKn  8TATi:s  nohtiikun  houndahv  commission. 


fN) 


ill 


Rf 


■A 

i   -    ■ 


Tabic  giiing  values  of  fi\  :,  :\  +  ().  lo;].  tan  A  ".  and  hxj.  sin  C,  in  tlw  formulas  for  reducing 
star  places,  from  1S,V>.  to  oilier  dates. 


Pllt«. 

\r 

- 

2 

io 

lot;,  tail  J  () 

111);  Hill  II 

„ 

/      tt 

*        // 

I         i. 

(— lin 

(-10> 

UfM 

-  T.«W 

— 

:w  :n.4oa 

— 

;w  so.  «)o 

_ 

1(!  4','.  Os>4 

7.(WliS7(;()» 

7.  os7S'.)o:i  II 

KiH) 

—  i.r.;«i 

— 

a:.  o,->.OTt 

_ 

V!l  Ti^.  :wi 

10  .M.'.'OI 

7.  400700:1  H 

7.  S00:S(i4  II 

Ih'ilO 

dill) 

— 

yi   11.  -SI 

— 

','1  oii.  .',(;7 

0  11.(101 

7.  4J7-,'01iS  n 

7.T'J*>-,'77ii 

1SI)."> 

+  O.T.M) 

— 

1'.)  l'.>.T','(i 

— 

lit  ID,  l!.Mi 

S  '>\.  i.-,o 

7.  :ts.-,sii:ir  t, 

7.0S(is;iiyii 

ISIO 

+  1.4S8 

— 

IT  v!i..-.;i 

— 

17   11.7  IS 

— 

7  :ti.;i(ii 

7.  lUOOr.'l  n 

7.  (M 10700  II 

Hir. 

+  y.  -Ji;! 

— 

l.'i  y.t.  .io:i 

— 

1.-.  IS.SII 

_ 

(•>  41.  l.Vv' 

7. 'jss-;sn)» 

7.  :>s',iiii;i:i  n 

1. >•'«() 

+  v>.  ;i'-'r 

— 

i;i  :vi.y:4 

— 

i:!  vj.'.tiiri 

— 

r^  .M.OO,-. 

7.  y:iOSSS,-,  n 

7.r.:<ioi7-'ii 

tW) 

+  ■^.^^•i'^ 

— 

n  ;!;•.  i:u 

— 

1 1  V7.  o;i7 

_- 

:>  00.  R-,s 

7.  UW.tH7H  n 

7.  4li40fHir)  II 

is;io 

+  4.:ms 

— 

'.•  1:1.  lisii 

— 

ii  M.  IH'.i 

— 

4  io.7i:i 

7.0S47.-.17n 

7.:t-.-.7Sllii 

l.^tr. 

4-  ■!.'.''■'•"> 

— 

7  is.sio 

— 

7  ;t.-..y4:i 

— 

:»  ao.rviis 

(i.  OS7S:i7il  n 

7.  'JS-S(ili(i  II 

l>^40 

+  .ViiCl 

— 

.-.  .-.;!.  7  la 

— 

Ti  :u».  :i."a) 

'v'  ;io.  4^4 

11.  S(!'JSO:<.'<  n 

7.  io:iOO:i:i » 

ISC. 

+  li.llU 

— 

H  .^s.  ,-,77 

_ 

:!  ct.  C,;) 

-- 

1  40.y.s>.> 

(>.  (WOTiKi  n 

0.  0S7Sv.',sj  II 

l.'%-,0 
IStil) 

4-  (!.'.).".". 

— 

V!  on.  .|  IM 

-__ 

I  -^..-iCvS 

- 

0  r.o.  140 

Ii.  ;i.s,-,70:ii » 

(i.  (i-Hiriuio  II 

+  .".'•tii 

+ 

1   JC.fiiy 

+ 

VJ  04.  li»S 

+ 

0  no.  i:i;» 

(•..:n.',7.-.i.-, 

0.  (Wli7S44 

'.-<(ir. 

■f  H.  sn,-, 

+ 

:t  II. '.w 

-f 

4  00.07'>l 

+ 

I  40.V'7.s 

(■>.  (VSiiTTiU 

(>.  OSTSOO;! 

lf*TO 

4-  sMtiw 

+ 

r.  ;i7.(>iii 

+ 

.•i  !.,■..  ".),'>7 

+ 

'i  :io,  41.-. 

(\.  SC.-JSiMl) 

7.  i(>:)so.-,7 

1875 

+  ».»-9 

+ 

7  ;18. 171) 

+ 

7  r.l.KW 

+ 

:i  'JO.  r>r.t 

0.  1W770;17 

7.  astfeiW;! 

SECTION   IV.  . 

.SF.T.KniON'    OV    AirnOKlTlKS. 

No.irly  all  iuUlioritioa  for  tloclination  wlticli  wciv  ('(MivtMiiiMilly  iioccssililn  Imvo 
boon  .sclootod  for  ns»\  Tlio  scattiMcd  oh.^crvatioii.s  in  a.vtronoinical  jonrnal.s,  and  zoiu> 
ob.scrvations,  with  a  low  otluMs  of  small  wcijjlit,  liavo  ficnorally  Itt'cn  iicjjh'Otcd.  For 
coiivonicnro  I  Inivo  dividod  tlioin  into  tliiro  I'las.sos.  for  reasons  wliich  will  snliso- 
qiK'ntly  appoar. 

Class  I. 

linibraocs  c;ttnlo}>nt's  and  sorios  of  observations  whioli  liavo  botMi  adopted  in  eoii- 
struetion  of  tlie  normal  system.  The  designation  of  eaeli  eatalofjno  is  tirst  j;iven, 
the  priiu'iple  of  noinenelatiue  beinjj  that  the  letters  nsnally  indieate  the  llrst  and  llnal 
lotter.s  in  the  name  of  the  observatory  aeeordin^r  to  Ihe  I'lijilisli  .spelling,  and  the  (Ifi- 
uros  Ihe  mean  year  of  observation.  ronj;hly  estiiuali'd.  In  desifinaliiifj  the  various 
animal  catalogues  (as  well  as  eompilalioiis)  in  such  series  as  llios(>  of  Cireeinvieh  and 
Washiii^lnii.  this  system  is  found  to  be  very  convenient. 

Kn  L'l.  Messel's  oliservations  in  IS'JO  and  lSi!l  with  the  Keichenbach  Circle,  pub 
lished  in  Kiin.  Ileob.  Hd.  vii.  DoIUmi'.s  disenssioii  has  been  adojiled,  however.  This  is 
found  in  "  Heeiieil  de  Memoires  <l<s  Astronomes  de  VOhsirraloire  Centriil  de  Niissie,"  vol. 
ii,  p.  L'O.'l  to  'J.'VJ.  The  seconds  of  dcclinalion  an'  adopted  front  column  headed  "  U"  in 
tables  iii  and  iv.    These  dilVcr  from  I'cssel's  own  rcduelion  [KHii.  Ueoli.  I'd.  vii^  by  the 

quantitv 

4- ".;!(>  + (i",.-i(i  sin  /  f  ".(iL'.n an  / 

which  must  be  applied  as  a  correction  to  licssel's  declinations.  The  deeliiialion.s  so 
reduced  adopt  lor  I  he  horizontal  tiexure  4-  O".,')!!,  wliich  is  the  mean  between  that  found 
by  Ik'ssel  in  IS'_'0-"lM,  from  retleetion  observations,  atii!  ai.envard  by  horizontal  colli- 


m^'aiituseniiMSii'.iil.ii 


[i,-.|  in:roi!T  of  tiii:  vuua'  asstkonomkk,  appendix  ii.       421 

iiiiUors.     The   iriliiction  of  the  obsi'ivafioiis  in   tliis  iiiMiiiicf  is  foiiiul   to  foirosponil 
»'l(is('l\  with  Possd's  obsorvalions  ol'  tlu'suii.* 

(.ill  L'L'.  Olulscir.s  rciliu'tioii  oll'iiiurs  obsiMvatioiis  at  (^iivi'iiwii'li  for  tlio  jrar  KSi'-J, 
priiitiMl  ill  Axf,  Xiich.  r_"J. 

Ml  t-M.  ^^tiiivc's  (Iccliiiaiidiis  in  "('iiiitlriiiiD  J'rinuuiua,  ;i.  ,i.t.i.ir(ii,  liiUoduitio," 
"  Strlldnnn  ri.vanim  iiiipi-imix  ]>i(i)li(iuiii  d  MuUiplirinDi  I'n.'^iliinics  Maliir  pro  Kporha 
1S;!0.(>." 

At)  1.",).  Tlu'  Abo  Caial.ifjiic  of  AifjrianiUT, '•  Dl.X  Sttlluium  I'i.rdriim  PoKilionrs 
Mfdia\  iiiciintc  Anno  lS,i(>." 

S.  11,  .'11.  .Idini.'itoir.s  .^t.  Helena  eatalii};ue.  "A  ("atalofiue  (if  00(i  Prim  ipal  Fixed 
iStar.s  in  the  Sdnlliern  lliniis|ilieie.  tledneed  Imni  oli.st  rvalltnis  made  at  the  oltserv- 
atoiy,  St.  Helena,  lron\  Novenilier.  ISJ!*,  to  Ainil.  l.S.!.!."  The  eiioeh  of  n>diu'lioii 
i,s  l,H;!it. 

VA\.  11. .'I.!.  Ilenderson'.sdeelinaiions  derived  from  oli.servations  mad(>at  the  Capo 
of  (lood  Hope.  The  serie.s  exteinls  Irom  Mav  Iti.  \S:V2,  t>  Ma.v  LM.  ISo.!,  and  i.>*  redueed 
to  tin-  mean  epoeh  18;>;i.  It  is  found  in  Memoii>  of  the  Po.val  Astronomieal  ISoeiety, 
vol.  X.  1).  St). 

CeJM.  -VirvV  observations  at  Cambridge.  I'lif^Iand.  tal<en  in  the  .vear.s  IS.'i.'t, '.'U, 
and  '.">.■>.  and  printed  in  tlie  aiinnal  vobimes  ot  the  obsei\atory  lor  those  years. 

i;ii  ,'!T.  Henderson's  observations  made  at  the  Hoval  Observatory  in  Fdinburgh. 
in  the  \ear.s  18;!l-".'>!t,  and  printed  in  the  annnal  \ohimes  lor  tho.se  years. 

Jvfi^S.  llessel's  deelinations  observed  « iili  the  lJei«'heidiaeh  eirele  in  lS;!i'>-'4(t. 
Thes(>  aie  retlueed  by  Hiiseli,  and  the  resnlls  aie  lonnd  in  Ast.  yoi'h.,  I'Jl.'. 

(ill  .'ill.  (ireenwieli  observations,  wliieh  (ormllie  lirst  part  of  the  (ireenwieh  Twelve- 
year  Catalofjue.  They  are  rediieed  to  the  epoeh  lS4(t.  ami  endnaee  the  rovsulls  trom 
two  niuiat  eireles,  for  the  period  l.S.i(i-l.sll. 

Ce  40.  These  are  th(>  first  observations  made  nnder  the  direetor,ship  of  h'ev,  .1.  K. 
Challis.  They  exteml  trom  tlie  year  \SMt  to  \Si\.  both  mehisive.  and  are  taken  Irom 
the  annnal  eatalo,uiies  of  tlu'  Cambridge  obsei\atory. 

Its  found  in  annual  ealalofjues  I,SU-"4I.     They 


Fill  4;i.  Henderson's  I'"diuburj^h  resu 
iri>  redneed  by  Professoi-  Smyth. 

Ks;  4;t.  There  are  three  reduetions  ol  this  series. 


I  have  used  that  Ibund  in  Ast. 
;ide  in  veais  l.S4'_'-'4  I.  by  Bos 


A"((i'.'i.,  107(!,  made  by  lailher.     The  obserxations  \ver»>  lu 
M'l.  at  the  KiinifTsberj;  (d)servator\,  with  Pepsold  eirele. 

(ill  4,"i.  Seeond  part  of  the  Creenwii'h  TweUe-ye.ir  CalalofjUe.  embracing-  (iieen 
wieli  observati(Uis  l.S|'J-l.S|  T.  rediieed  to  the  epoeh  l.S4.'"i. 

l\i  4,"t.    The  eataloaiie  of  deelinations  given  tor  the  epoch  1S4.').(1  in  the  lourlh  vol 


umeol  '^Ohsorotion.s  ilf  /'ok/'.  ■>•"  ' 


otM.     The  observations  were  made  with  the  ver- 


tical circle  by  Dr.  Peters,  in  1S4'J-1.S4".I,  and  the  leduetions  are  partly  made  by  liim  and 
partis  by  Dr.  C.yldeii. 

Pe  4,").  I'irst  '•  KailclitVe  Catalogue  of  tuil 7  Stars  ehietly  eireumpolar,  reduced  to 
the  l^poeh  1S4,")0,"  .lohiisoii. 

\Vn  47.  The  annnal  catalogues  of  the  \Vashington  observatory  ifor  the  years  1,S4,V 
l.St.S  iuclnsivc.  The  observations  are  made  with  the  muial  eirele,  by  various  observ- 
er.s.     ( I'he  results  ot  the  four  siieccciling  years  occasionally  exhibit  enormous  discrcp- 


H 


m 


M 


Vidt  DOIIuu'h  Mi'uioir,  p.  'JJt. 


I 


h  ■■ 


422 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTHERN  BOU.NDARY  COMMISSION. 


[10] 


nncios  both  iiinong  tbeiiiselvcs  nnd  when  compared  with  the  upprositnute  phices  above 
mentioned.    No  use  is  miide  of  fliese  tour  catalogues,  1849-1852.) 

Ce  48.  Cambridge  (Eiig.)  annual  catalogues,  1845-1851. 

Oh  51.  Greenwich  Sixjear  Catalogue,  epoch  1850. 

Ps  53.  Tangier's  declinations  with  the  Clauibey  circle  at  Paris  observatory,  princi- 
pally made  in  the  years  1852  and  185.'$,  and  reduced  to  the  epoch  1852.  They  are 
taken  troni  i)p.  72  to  74  of  "  Mcmoire  xiir  la  JMirniinittion  des  DiHtancis  Polaircs  (le» 
Etuilea  Fondumcntaks,  i>ar  E.  Laugier,"'  tonio  x.wii,  2"'  partie  des  Mdiuoirvs  <k  VAcaileitiie 
lies  Sciences. 

So  55.  Moesta's  declinations  with  the  Pistor  and  Martin's  circle  at  Santiago  in  the 
J  ears  1853-18.55,  reduced  to  the  epoch  1855,  and  printed  in  ^^  Ohservationcs  Astronomi- 
cas  heehas  en  el  Observatorio  Nacional  dc  Santiago,  en  los  auos  do  1853, 1854,  y  1855,  por 
el  Dr.  Carlos  Guillernio  Mosta,  director  del  observatorio."  Tome  I.  Santiago  de  Chile 
1850. 

VVn  aCt.  This  .series  embraces  observations  with  the  Washington  mural  circle  in 
ilie  years  185.'5-1858.  They  are  reduced  and  the  results  printed  in  Appendix  II.,  Wash- 
ington observations  for  1870.  Prof.  A.  llali  has  formed  the  declinations  of  the  funda- 
mental stars  into  a  single  catalogue,  printed  in  Ast.  li'aeh.  1947.  I  have  taken  the 
decliuati;)ns  from  the  origiunl  source. 

Gh  57.  The  Greenwich  Seven  year  Catalogue  of  2  "2  Stars  reduced  to  the  epoch 
1800.0.    The  observations  embrace  the  years  1854-lSOU  inclusive. 

C.G.  II.  58.  Observations  made  witli  the  Cape  circle  in  the  years  1850-'01  by  Sir 
Thomas  JlcClear,  reduced  to  the  e|)och  1800  by  E.  J.  Stone,  astronomer  royal  at  the 
Capo  of  Good  Uope,  and  printed  in  "  The  Cape  Catalogue  of  1150  Stars,"  etc.,  Cape 
Town,  1873. 

Wn  04.  Results  of  observations  with  Washington  mural  circle  for  the  years  1801- 
1805,  printed  in  the  annual  catalogues  of  the  respective  years. 

Gh  04.  The  lu'w  Seven  year  Catalogue  of  Greenwich,  embracing  the  results  of 
observations  with  i '  •■  Greenw  ich  transit  circle,  for  the  years  lSlil-1807,  both  inclusive. 

Lm  07.  This  sei  it  s  is  taken  from  "  Mittlerc  Jkclinatioticn  i-oh  57  Fundamentalnterncn, 
abgeleiUt  aus  Leidcner  Meridianlireisbcobachtuiigen  in  den  Jahrcn  1804-1808,"  \V.  Val- 
entine (Ast.  Xach.  N.  902  lid.  St),  s.  93);  and  from  "Annalen  der  Slernirarte  in  Leiden, 
herausgegiben  ron  Dr.  F.  Kaiser." 

Me  08.  "The  First  Melbourne  General  Catalogue  of  1227  Stars,  for  the  Epoch 
1870.  Deduced  from  Observations  extending  from  1803  to  1870,  made  at  the  Melbourne 
Observatory,''  etc.     It.  L.  J.  Ellery,  Melbourne,  1874, 

Wn  08.  Hesults  of  observations  made  with  the  Washington  transit  circle  in  the 
years  1800-1809,  taken  from  the  annual  volumes. 

Ke  08.  Results  of  observations  made  with  theCaningtou  circle  at  the  Radcliffe 
observatory  in  the  years  1802-1873.  These  are  taken  from  the  annual  catalogues  of 
the  Radclill'e  observatory.  They  are  finally  «livlded  into  two  series — Re  00,  including 
years  1802-1809;  Re  72,  including  years  1870-1873. 

Gh  70.  Results  of  observations  made  with  the  Greenwich  transit  circle  and  printed 
in  the  annual  catalogues  of  the  Greenwich  observatory,  1808-1872. 

Wn  72.  Results  t)f  observations  with  the  Washington  transit  circle  1870-1874, 
printed  in  annual  volumes.  The  results  of  1874  in  manuscript  were  generously  placed 
at  my  disposal  by  Prof.  J.  R.  Eastman. 


[17] 


REPORT  OF  TOE  CniEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


423 


Class  II. 

This  embraces  catalo;^  jea  supposed  to  bo  unsuitable  for  use  in  fnuudinK  tbo  normal 
system ;  but  excludes  a  lew  catalogues  of  snuill  extent,  or  weiijbt,  wbicb  are  used  only 
wilb  stars  of  class  e.  Many  of  tbese  are  tbe  results  of  observations,  wbicb  in  turn 
depend  on  the  places  of  a  standard  list  of  stars;  otbers  are  independent,  but  of  small 
weigbt;  or  their  use  for  other  reasons  may  be  regarded  as  of  doubttul  propriety. 

Gb  1752  or  Gb  1755.  '^  Fundamcntn  Astronomiw  pro  Anno  MDCCLV.  deducta  ex 
ObservationibuH  Viri  Incomparabilis  Jamcn  Bradley  «»•  Specula  Astronomica  Orenoricensi 
per  Aunod  lloO-llti'^  inslitutia,  Auclore  Frederieo  WiUivhno  Bessel."  liegioiiionti  1818. 
This  is  in  etl'ect  tbo  result  of  two  series  of  observations — tbo  one  of  northern  stars 
(stars  north  of  Greenwich  zenith),  mean  epoch  about  17.52;  tbe  other  of  southern 
stars,  mean  epoch  1755  or  175G. 

Po  1800.  ^'  Precipuarum  Stcllariim  Tnerranlium  Positiones  Mcdiw  inuente  saculo 
XTX.  Ex  observationibus  Itabitls  in  Speeitla  Panormilana  ab  anno  1792  ad  anmim 
1813,"  Panormi  1814,  by  Joseph  Piazzi. 

Bh  10.  "A  Catalogue  of  Circiiniiwlar  Stars,  deduced  from  the  Observations  of  Ste- 
phen Groombridge,  Esq.",  &c.,  at  Blackheatb  observatory.  Reduced  to  January  1, 
1810,  and  edited  by  Sir  G.  II.  Airy.    Loud.  1838. 

Va  29.  Professor  Litlrow's  declinations  of  fundamental  stars,  from  observations 
made  at  the  Vienna  observatory  in  the  years  1827-'8-'9.  They  are  reduced  to  1830, 
and  printed  in  Mem.  Royal  Ast.  Soc.  IV.,  p.  328. 

I)t  30.  Sirnve's  Pusifiones  McdUv,  above  cited,  Catalogus  GeneraUs,  These  places 
aio  quite  numerous  and  appear  to  be  when  correcdones  ultiime  are  applied,  systemati- 
cally the  same  as  tbe  results  of  Catalogiis  Primariitn.  The  observations  from  wbicb  tbe 
catalogue  is  constructed  extend  over  tbe  period  1822-1843,  however,  and  there  were 
consequently  doubts  whether  Dt  24  and  I)t  30  should  be  classed  together. 

Gb  30.  Pond's  catalogue  of  1112  stars  reduced  to  1830.  These  are  the  results  of 
observations  made  with  two  mural  circles  from  January  1,  1825,  to  January  1,  1833. 

C.G.  n.  31.  Results  obtained  by  Fallows,  in  1830  and  1831,  at  tbe  Cape  of  Good 
Hope;  reduced  to  1830,  and  printed  in  Mem.  It.  A.  S.  vol.  XIX.  Tbe  catalogue  con- 
tains but  few  declinations,  and  has  only  been  used  with  a  few  stars  south  of  —30°. 

Mb  34.  The  results  of  Lamoni's  observations  at  Munich  in  tbe  years  1829-1840. 
Most  of  tbo  observations  were  made  in  1833  and  1834,  and  are  found  in  ''  Obncrmtionea 
Aslromicai  in  Sjyccuhi  liegia  Monachivnsi,'"  etc.,  for  those  jears.  I  have  lor  convenience 
taken  all  from  ^^Annalcn  der  KUniglivhcn  H'crmcarte  bei  MUnchen,'"  Bd.  XX.,  Miinchen, 
1874;  and  from  the  detailed  [tositions,  commencing  p.  204. 

Ah  41  and  Ab  52.  Ujbiuson's  Arniagii  catalogue  of  5345  stars.  Owing  to  tho 
great  period  o"  time  embraced  in  tbe  observations  of  this  catalogue,  I  have  divided 
them  into  two  series— tbe  lirst,  for  the  years  1835-1840;  the  second,  1847-1854.  This 
I  have  done  by  a  method  which  will  be  explained  (p.  39). 

So  61.  Tho  observations  of  Captain  Gillis  made  at  the  observatory  of  Santiago, 
in  Chili,  in  tho  years  1850-1852.  The  catn'ogne  reduced  to  1850  is  printed  in  Appen- 
dix I.,  Waahiiigtou  Astronomical  Observations  for  1808. 

Bs  50,  Bs  00,  Bs  05.  These  are  to  b(^  found  in  ^^AnnalcH  de  VObucrratoire  Royal  de 
Z»»*iu'e/ies",  for  years  1^55-1807.    The  groups  are:  1855-1850;  1857-1802;  1803-1807. 

Ps  66  and  Ps  00.  These  are  found  in  ^^Annalcs  de  PObacrvatoirc  Imperial  de  Paris." 


HI 


•1 

1 

,J 

H 

' 

1 

' 

1 ' 

t 

1 

y 

}  1 


\ 

•5     i 

I  ; 


5 

i 


424 


UNITED  STATES  NORTUEUN    liOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


[18] 


The  lirst  proiip  covers  tlio  joins  1854-1857,  (li«>  second  1858-1802;  uu<l  both  lire  tlio 
results  of  observations  of  llio  (Janibey  mural  circle. 

I's  M  ami  Ps  (i().  These  are  in  continuation  of  the  series  jnst  mentioned,  bnt  tho 
ohservalious  are  ])rinci|ially  made  with  the  ^reat  meridian  ciicle  ot'Eichcns  and  Seuie- 
tan.     The  grouiis  are  18G'i-l.S(!l,  and  18(!5-18(i7. 

Ce  50.  This  series  embraces  the  annual  catalogues  in  the  volumes  of  the  Cam- 
bridge (En jr.)  observatory  Cor  tho  years  185'J-18(iO. 

lie  58.  "  Second  I'adclille  Catalogue  containing  2380  stars;  deduced  from  observa- 
tions, extending  from  1851  to  lS(;i,at  the  IJaddiile  observatory,  Oxloid;  and  retlnced 
to  the  epoch  18(J(»." 

Me  Cli.  "Astronomical  Ob.servations  made  at  the  AVilliamstown  Observatory  in  the 
years  ISOl,  lS(i2  ami  1803,  under  the  direction  of  Kobert  L.  J.  Ellery,"  etc.  liedueed 
to  ISOO.     Melbourne.  1809. 

Bu  CO.  Argelandcr's  observations  with  tho  transit  circle  at  Uonu  observatory. 
These  are  Ibund  parlly  in  Anl.  Xach.  No.  1719,  and  partly  in  lionti  licob.  Ud.  VI. 

lii;  (>7.  "JiVm</^(</i  aim  Bfohavhtungcn  an/  dir  Ldpzigcr  Stcrutatrtc"  Dr.  Engle- 
mauu,  1870;  also  "Die  Ikdinationen  dir  lei  (Jradmvusting,'"  etc..  Dr.  C.  ISruhus. 

Class  HI. 

When  an  authority  is  of  small  weight,  and  es|)ecially  when  it  has  few  declinations 
in  common  with  the  standard  stars  of  Section  VIII,  there  is  danger  that  the  error  in 
adopted  systematic  correction  lor  comi)ating  the  delinitive  declinations  may  work  a 
disadvantage,  which  will  more  than  counteibalance  any  bencUt  to  bo  derived  from 
supposed  additional  weight.  This  objection  will  be,  in  a  measure,  removed  by  tho 
computation  of  a  large  number  of  definitive  places,  giving  more  and  better  standards 
for  (comparison. 

In  making  up  this  list  a  few  series  of  observations  have  been  omitted,  either 
because  they  were  not  at  my  disposal,  or  because  it  was  believed  that  the  labor  of 
collating  them  and  ascertaining  the  proper  reductions  and  corrections  would  not  bo 
repaid  by  the  weight  of  new  material  thus  actpiired.  Zone  observations  for  the  most 
part  are  neglected  on  account  of  their  small  weight  in  a  discussion  of  this  kiu<l.  A 
very  few  of  Lalande's  and  D'Agelet's  observations  were,  however,  used  in  extreme 
cases. 

Ms  35.  "General  Catalogue  of  the  Princii)al  Fixed  Stars,  Irom  Obscrv.itions 
made  at  Madras,  by  T.  G.  Taylor."  Madras,  1845.  The  declinations  are  reduced  to 
the  epoch  1S45. 

Ms  .")0.  Astronomical  observations  made  at  Madras  for  tho  years  1848-185'J.  Mad- 
ras, 1850. 

\Vn  48.  Declinations  from  tho  prime  vertical  transit  at  Washington,  pi  incipally 
In  the  years  1817  and  1848. 

Ell  58,  Eh  (i3,  and  Kh  07.  Edinburgh  astronomical  observations.  Tho  groups  are 
respectively  1S54-1800;  lS0I-hS04;  and  1805-1809.  Tho  declinations  are  taken  from 
the  annual  catalogues. 

Pii  G'J.  "  Observations  J'aitcs  a  rLmtrumint  dcs  Paxsngen  ctabll  ilans  le premier  Vcrti- 
cal,^^  volume  iii,  "  Obncrvationn  dc  Foullova,^'  pp.  224  to  237.  The  dccliuatious  aro 
determined  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Oiim. 


»«ip« 


|I!>1 


KEPOUT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  ASTUONOMEll,  AITENniX  II. 


425 


VVii  70.  Dfcliniitioim  by  Prof.  M.  Yanmll  witli  tlio  inuriil  cirileof  tlic  WiusliiiintDii 
obst'ivator.v,  l.S0(;-187;i,  taki'ii  IVoin  tlio  dolaiUd  ifsiills  in  annual  voliiiucs  ol'  Wash- 
ington Asti'ondaiiful  Uh.sorvatiouM.   . 

Pii  71.  In  the  ninth  volume  of  "  Vuftiljuliri'Svltfifl  dcr  Antrotiominchcn  (huUsihaft 
(|ip.  83  to  8,S),  is  givon  a  cataloguo  ol  Ihu  '^ Zumtzstcnw"  lioni  oli.strvalioim  of  i\w 
Ponlkova  obsi'ivatoiy.  The  lU'clinations  aie  un(h)Ulitt'(llj  of  u  hinli  onU-r  of  accuracy; 
but  I'ci'ling  some  uncertainty  about  the  pioiicr  uutnucr  of  tkducing  systematic  correc- 
tion from  them,  I  have  placed  them  iu  Class  111. ;  and  in  consequence  use  but  one  of 
the  decliiuitions  for  deilnitive  purposes. 

SECTION   V. 

EXPLANATION   OF  PKEUMINAUY   COnUKC'I'IONS   AND    COMPILAXION  OF  KESULIU 

liel'ore  proceeding  to  actual  discussion  of  normal  declinations,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  esamiuo  each  catalogue  for  the  purpose  of  applying  such  corrections  as  shall  appear 
advisable  from  inspection.    These  corrections  may  be  regarded  as  of  three  classes  : 

FitHt.  Those  required  on  account  of  the  reduction  of  the  observations  from  appar- 
ent plaeo  tu  the  true  epoch  of  the  catalogue.  These  are  principally  tor  nutation  and 
proper  motion  actually  cm|iIoyed.  In  a  lew  cases  small  corrections  have  been  applied 
to  reduce  from  epoch  "  Jan.  1"  (Greenwich),  or  0  =i;81°to  the  lictitious  ei)och  O  = 
280O;  and  rarely,  a  correction  for  luecession  which  is  always  practically  insignillcant. 

Modern  researches  ap[)ear  to  show  that  no  consideiable  correction  to  I'eters's 
nutation  is  needed;  and  that  value  is  now  universally  used.  This  value  for  1800  is 
(Niimerus  Coimtana  H'ntaiiuniii  p.  37) : 

9".223  cos  fi  sin  «  -  C".805  sin  Si  cos  «. 

Among    othev'valnes  of  nutation  that  have  been  used  iu  reducing  observations  are 

these : — 

Value  employed  by  llessel  in  Fvntl.  Anl !t".(il8 

Bradley's  (original  value) <J".(IO 

ilaskelyne's       'J".r>'> 

Groombridge's       !)".t)3 

Liudenau's • 8".!t77 

Baily's  (A.  S.  C.  and  13.  A.  C.) {)".L'5. 

The  individual  corrections  applied  to  each  catalogue  are  for  the  principal  terms, 
and  are  of  the  form 

ij  sin  a  -f  r/  cos  a, 

which  appears  to  require  no  explanation. 

Iu  most  cases  requiring  it  the  correction  lor  proper  motion  has  been  applied.  If 
t  denotes  the  epoch  of  reduction  of  the  catalogue  ami  i*'  iiio  mean  epoch  of  the  obsei- 
vations  of  a  particular  star  in  the  same,  n',  the  assuuail  proper  motion  (Seclit)n  111.), 
and  li"  the  i)ropcr  motion  which  was  applied  in  the  reductions  of  the  catalogue,  wo 
shall  have  oorreclions  for  proper  motion,  where  (t  —  (')  is  expressed  iu  years : — 

(/x'  -  /x")  (t  -  I'). 

Where  tho  correction  is  practically  iusigniticaut,  where  the  epoch  of  observation 


1 


I  U    if 


4lT> 


UNITED  STATES  NORTQERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


f20] 


is  not  conveniently  ascertained,  where  reductions  arc  inaccurate,  or  not  (tarried  beyond 
first  decimal  place  of  secouda,  and,  especially,  in  n  few  of  the  cases  where  proper 
motions  have  been  deteruiiued  by  comparison  with  Drudley,  this  correction  is  com- 
monly neglected. 

The  correction,  for  epoch,  t.  c,  from  sun's  longitude  2iSlo  or  from  "Jan.  1"  to  O  = 
280°,  is  applied  to  most  of  the  English  catalogues  whoso  epoch  is  previous  to  1857,  and 
to  Wn  47. 

The  correction  for  precession  is  generally  ii'signiflcant,  and  is  often  included  in 
the  form,  An.  Var.  assumed  —  An.  Var.  of  Catalog, ne.  In  case  of  catalogues  which 
had  been  reduced  by  help  of  the  Astronomical  Society Vi  Catalogue  (Baily  ISaO)  it  was 
convenient  to  include  a  correction  for  precession  with  that  for  epoch  and  nutation. 

Second.  In  many  catalogues,  corrections  which  have  been  derived  by  special  exami- 
nation of  the  instrument,  or  discussions  of  the  observations,  are  indicated  in  the  intro- 
ductions, but  not  applied  to  the  rosults.  Similar  lorrections  sometimes  occur  through 
the  neglect  of  certain  precar.tions,  and  which,  discovered  too  lato  for  correction  of  the 
printed  results,  are  in  the  lature  of  errata,  to  be  ni)p';ied  by  the  reader.  Correctiones 
Ultimw,  in  Struve's  Pos.  Med.,  are  of  the  former  class;  certain  corrections  in  the  intro- 
ductions to  the  two  Radcliffo  cat.  logues  are  of  the  latter  class.  Finally,  under  this  head 
conio  errata  wherever  found. 

Third.  In  a  limited  number  of  cases  it  has  been  thought  advisable  to  examine  cer- 
tain series  of  annual  c^.talogues  in  order  to  reduce  the  discordances  in  the  results  of 
separate  years,  and,  if  possible,  to  ascertain  corrections  which  seem  to  be  required  by 
])reliminary  inspection.  This  is  analogous  to  the  work  already  done  by  the  authors  in 
many  cases,  where  catalogues  has  o  been  formed  from  those  of  several  separate  years. 

Under  the  designation  of  each  catalogue  will  bo  enumerated  all  the  corrections 
above  specilled  which  have  actually  been  applied  in  this  discussion.  Some  of  the 
peculiarities  in  methods  of  observation  or  reduction  which  appear  to  invite  special 
attention  will  be  noticed  in  the  same  connection.  The  reasons  for  grouping,  and  the 
methods  of  combining  the  results  of  partial  catalogues,  will  be  explained. 

The  corrected  catalogue  declinations  are  the'i  compared  with  the  assumed  declina- 
tions of 'liis  i>  ;per  (Sections  II.  and  III.),  and  the  residuals,  in  the  sense  Observed- 
Assumed  DeclinUions  are  exhibited  in  co'amn  " C,"  in  "Details  of  Corrections  to 
Assumed  Decliniaions".  To  facilitate  cuL'iparisons  of  separate  years  in  the  case  of 
compilation,  the  subtraction.  Observed— Assumed  Declination  is  made  at  the  out- 
set, by  which  means  the  various  catalogues  are  eflectively  referred  to  a  common  mean 
epoch,  with  the  assumed  annual  variations  (Section  II.).  These  residuals  are  then  com- 
bined with  or  without  correction,  as  the'caso  may  require. 

Gh  1752-1755.  The  coellicient  of  nutation  adopted  by  Bcssel  in  the  reductions 
is  9".G48.  Taking  the  mean  epoch  of  observation  for  northern  stars  to  be  1752,  and 
for  southern  1755,  the  corrections  to  the  declinations  will  be:— 

Northern  stars  —  ".34   sin  (a  —  530.9) 
Southern  stars  —  ".425  sin  (a  —   20.7) 

Before  discussing  the  systemr.tic  correction,  the  corrections  applied  by  Bessel  to 
Bradley's  declinations  botueeu  the  parallels  -)- 14'^  and  —  14°  are  subtracted  from  the 
catalogue  places.    No  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  proper  motion  corrections  on 


[31] 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  fl. 


427 


lU'ooiint  of  the  (lilUciilty  of  thuliiig  tliu  moan  cpncim  ot'obHorvatioii,  iiiid  uIho  from  tlio 
lii<!t  that  Rossi'l  lias  applied  tlio  corrcotion,  approximately,  by  compaiiaon  with  Po  1800. 

Ill  Dr.  Lruhnx^  reduction  of  Oradmesiiung  Htaivs  in  t'oiiiid  a  list  of  declinations 
which  have  been  computed  by  Dr.  Auwors  from  the  observations  of  Ilradloy.  But  tlieso 
are  not  definitive,  nor  arc  they  at  this  stage  of  their  reduction  independent,  because 
Bessel's  (Konigsberg)  refractions  have  been  employed.  It  will  bo  seen  that  the  weight 
of  testimony  is  in  favor  of  refractions,  on  the  average,  at  least  as  small  as  those  which 
Ressel  deduced  from  Bradley's  observations.  Professor  Newcomb  kindly  placed  at  my 
disposal  similar  results  for  a  limited  list  of  stars  which  ho  was  reducing.  But  both  the 
lists  combined  embrace  less  than  half  the  stars  required  in  this  discussion,  so  that  tho 
old  results  were  used. 

Po  1800.  I  have  applied  correction  to  this  catalogue  only  for  proper  motion  in  tt  few 
cases  where  the  latter  is  large.  The  effect  of  the  nutation  corre(;tion  is  included  in  tho 
A.  R.  term  of  tho  declination  correction  subsequently  ascertained. 

Bh  10.  Tho  mean  epochs  of  observation  are  secured  from  the  first  Radcliffo  cata- 
logue, and  tho  i)roper  motion  correction  applied  in  every  case.  As  the  catalogue  was 
not  included  in  Class  I.,  tho  application  of  nutation  correction  was  not  made,  but  it  is 
included  in  tho  A.  R.  term  subsequently  found. 

In  tho  use  of  this  catalogue  I  have  encountered  a  diffl(Uilty  which  introduces  sorao 
iincertainty  in  the  results.  For  many  of  the  stars  most  frequently  observed  two  results 
for  declination  are  given  in  tho  eatalu;,'iie.  In  the  introduction  this  is  explained  by  say- 
ing that  tho  (list  of  tho  two  results  was  originally  reduced  to  1S07,  and  the  second  to 
1812.  I  have  assumed  that  tho  observations  are  distinct,  and  that  the  epoch  given  lor 
these  stars  in  Ue  -15  is  tho  epoch  of  the  first  set.  In  all  theso  cases  tho  mean  of  tho 
two  results  has  been  taken,  without  correction  for  proper  motion,  as  the  mean  epoch  is 
probably  veiy  near  1810. 

The  history  of  tho  reductions,  for  reasons  j)!irtly  unavoidable,  is  an  unfortunate  one, 
and  this  ia  the  more  to  be  regretted,  for  tho  editor  says  (p.  ix.  Int.),  "There  can  be  no 
doubt,  I  conceive,  that  this  instrument  at  the  lime  of  its  erection,  and  for  .several  years 
afterward,  was  the  finest  in  the  world."  It  ajipears  to  have  been  well  handled,  and  was 
reversed  ten  times  at  least  during  the  active  period  of  the  observations  making  up  this 
catalogue.  Tlio  materials  were  jjiobably  suited  to  the  formation  of  an  independent  cat- 
alogue, which  would  have  been  no  mean  contribution  to  the  solution  of  the  itroblem  of 
absolute  declinations. 

Kf;  L'l.  To  the  results  as  given  by  Dollen  has  been  applied  the  correction  —  ".24 
sin  {«  -|-  7°.")),  dno  to  the  use  of  Lindenaii's  nutation. 

Gh  22.  Tho  correction  —  ".22  sin  («  +  320.1)  is  applied  for  nutation. 

Dt  24.  No  correction  is  applied  to  this  catalogu(^ 

Ao  20.  Correction  for  Liudenau's  nutation  +  ".24  sin  («  —  9°.3),  is  adopted. 

Va  29.  Tho  same  nutation  correction  as  lor  Ao  29  is  used. 

The  observations  arc  reduced  with  Bessel's  Konigsberg  refractions,  but  no  details 
are  given  whereby  an  independent  judgment  may  be  formed  of  the  character  and  accu- 
racy of  tlie  declinations. 

Dt  30.  To  all  tho  results  have  been  applied  ^'^  Corrcctioues  VUimw"  (Pos,  Med,,  pp. 
351  to  371),  which  is  considered  as  bringing  them  systematically  in  accordance  with 
those  of  Dt  24.     It  may  be  doubted  whether  this  is  completely  accomplished  for  the 


:*i 


I 


!i 


ill 


i  1 
i! 


:li 


428 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHBKN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


oiitiro  scries,  and  so  this  cataloguo  lias  not  been  ;'so(l  in  (brtniUion  of  Normal  S.vstein. 
Wlipri'vir  tliO  proper  motions  have  not  been  ascertained  bv  comparison  with  Fund. 
Ast.  this  correction  has  been  apjilied,  usiii},'  tor  the  purpose  the  mean  date  of  observa- 
tion, always  Eupplied  in  snch  cases  in  tlie  Ctitulogus  Gencralis. 

S.  II.  31.  The  observations  were  reduced  willi  Younji's  refractions.  This  table  is 
{,'lven  in  tlie  iutroductiou,  p.  '22,  for  "adapting  the  St.  Ilelena  declinations  to  Bessel's 
refractions." 


—  8.} 

—  75 

—  05 

—  to 

—  45 

—  Ho 

—  25 

—  15 

—  5 

+  r> 


Correct 

on. 

0 

(t 

+ 

1 

+ 

(1 

+ 

fi 

-f- 

1) 

+  1 

(1 

f  1 

I 

+  1 

.J 

+  I 

:l 

+  1 

1 

+  r. 

+  ir- 

+  25 

4-  :!5 

+  45 
+  50 
+  55 

4-  CO 

+  C5 


Correction. 

+ 

1.4 

+ 

1.5 

+ 

l.(i 

+ 

l.H 

+ 

2.0 

+ 

•J     »l 

+  2.4     1 

+ 

;».() 

+ 

*J.  ii 

These  corrections  are  applied  at  the  outset  to  all  the  declinations.  Tlio  position 
of  the  observatory  (v  =  —  l.">^  ."),"»')  does  not  admit  of  a  determination  of  the  refraction 
by  observations  of  eiicumpolar  stars.  A  considerable  luiniber  oC  catalogues  of  northern 
observatories,  which  are  ')ased  uixni  Bessel's  refractions,  liave  been  admitted  into  Class 
I.  (see  p.  14),  and  it  is  likely  tliat  errors  ansinnr  I'lom  that  course  will  be  counteracted  to 
some  extent  by  the  adoption  of  tlie  same  refractions  for  tlie  observations  of  the  southern 
Leinisp'iere.  The  results  are  reduced  to  tlie  nearest  tenth  of  seconds,  and  when  these 
are  correcteil  lor  refraction  the  tleclinations  may  be  in  error,  from  neglect  of  hundredths, 
nearly  a  tenth  of  a  .second.  I  have,  therefore,  neglected  the  small  nutation  correc- 
tion, and,  except  i!>  a  few  extreme  cases,  that  for  proper  motion.  The  effect  of  nutation 
correction  is,  hoivover,  iuclr.ded  in  the  A.  IJ.  term  found  in  the  discussion  of  systematic 
correction. 

Gh  3o.  The  einployiuent  of  Bradley's  refractions,  the  variety  of  r-ractice  in  reduc- 
tion of  declinations  from  apparent  to  mean  place,  and  the  dilliculty  m  searching  out 
the  mean  epoch  of  observation  for  each  star,  have  led  me  to  neglect  ail  corrections  and 
to  use  the  catalogue  places  unchanged.  Dr.  Anwer.s*  lias  brieliy  and  conclusively  shown 
that  a  new  retluction  of  this  beautiful  series  of  observatiors  is  desirable. 

C.  G.  II.  o.'  The  nutation  correction  is  +".'2'^  sin  (-i  +  litP.ii)  The  obsirvuticuis 
are  retluced  with  the  latitude  subsequently  found  by  Henderson.  The  results  are  few 
and  of  small  weight,  but  their  important  hearing  on  the  dccliiuitioiis  of  stars  in  the 
southern  hemiaphere  has  led  to  their  use. 

C.  G.  II.  S3.  The  constant  of  nutation  used  in  this  series  is  that  of  the  A.  S.  C, 
9".25.  The  observations  were  reduced  to  18.'{3,  0  =  L'81".  The  total  correction  for  both 
causes  is  —  ".07  sin  («  +  Sf.r*).  Tlie  ol)seivati"ns  a''e  very  carefidly  rednerd  and 
discussed;  and,  as  far  as  imssible,  with  a  nonreve>'sil)le  instruineiit,  the  methods  of 
Be.<8el  (KiJn.  lieuh.  lid.  vii,  and  Ant.  Nurh.  73)  were  followed  bv  Henderson.  Strictly 
*  I'ublkalioub  of  tUj  Js(ro'iowii»tAt  Uimllnvho/t  (.11.).    Dr.  Auwcis'o  jiapor  ou  the  iirojitr  iu">l  iou  of  Siiius. 


m 


[23] 


KEPOUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMEK,  APPENDIX  H. 


429 


sppaking,  liowevcr,  tliis  sorics  (lot>s  dot  {{ive  iiulopcjKU'iit  (letorniiinitioiis;  for  the  correc- 
tions for  floxurc  from  reflection  ob^Tvatioiis,  and  for  refraction  from  observations" of 
circniniiolar  stars,  are  rejected  on  the  aiitboriiy  of  comparisons  made  with  the  resnlls 
obtained  by  Hcssd,  Stinve,  and  Airy,  at  noitbern  oliservatories.  A  defect  in  tl'  ■ 
iiistrnnient  by  wliich  the  readings  of  sci)arato  microscopes  are  made  to  differ  very 
greatly,  is  cxiiaustivcly  discussed  by  Sir  (icorge  IJ.  Airy  and  otliers  (vol.  viii,  Mem.  IJ. 
A.  8.,  etc.),  and  assnranco  is  given  tbat  the  mean  of  six  nncroscopes  is  free  from  seri- 
ous error.  This  appears  to  be  conf!inied  by  the  small  probable  error  -L  ".23  for  mean 
of  an  infinite  nnnjber  of  ob.scrvatio.is  found  by  Henderson.  The  precision  of  the  iiuli- 
vidual  observations,  all  mado  by  lieudcrson  in  person,  baa  seldom  been  excelled  iu 
work  of  this  kind. 

Mb  .'It.  The  nutation  correeti<m  is  -f  ".18  sin  {a  +  S'2°).  The  declinations  as  given 
in  vol.  XX,  Munich  Obs.,  are  combined  into  single  results  according  to  the  number  of 
observations  in  each  year  from  1821)  to  1840.  In  de.lucing  systematic  corrections,  the 
numbers  'i  column  ''7? --//"in  tho  tables  preceding  the  observations  for  1833  and 
1S;$1  (ill  Obs.  Aatr.  in  Spec.  Tic/;.  Mon.)  are  tised.  These  are  corrections  to  Bessel's 
declinations  {Tab.  Reg.)  given  by  Lament's  observations  of  fundamental  stars;  but 
I  have  not  used  tuoni  iu  discussing  tho  places  of  the  fundamental  stars. 


n 


CAJIBUIDGE  ANXITAI.  CATALOGUES. 


Co  34.  The  annual  catalogues  at  Cambridge  for  h-aiiy  years  were  constmctcd  by 
the  aid  of  the  i)ropcr  motions  and  constants  of  the  Ast.  Soc.  Catalogue  (Baily  1830), 
with  the  day  nuinbcrs  of  Nautical  Almanac.  l>y  use  of  Nautical  Almanacs  i)revioua 
to  1857,  stars  are  reduced  with  nutiition  9".L*.".,  *i^  ".Ian.  1,''  instead  of  O  =  L'StP.  IJotli 
corrections,  with  the  small  coirection  for  precession  of  A.S.  C,  can  b(>  combined  in 
one  formula.  The  following  list  of  corrections  will  serve  for  this  and  other  series 
shortly  to  be  mentioned. 


ill  I 


iiU: 


Year. 

Corroction  for  imtntion, 

1    Yi-iiv. 

CorriTtioii  for  iintafion, 

epoch,  anil  prcocssioii. 

epoch,  niul  pri'i'oaaioii. 

II                      0 

/'                              o 

IS.Tt 

+  .  IW  Rill  (n  +  'J(u1 

1     1811 

-t-  .0,-.  (fill  (<!  +  28-) 

IKll 

+  .(17  Hill  (ii  +  'JT-Jt 

IKC.' 

+  .01  Kin  (.1  -(-  a-i-n 

ik;,-> 

4-  .0(1  Kill  ((I  4-  '-'*l'~> 

ist:l 

+  .O'i  Kin  ^.l  +  ',>T0) 

l,'':!(i 

4-  .01  (iiii  (a  4-  ■-"':') 

I<ll 

+  .01  »in  (a  +  '.'-'71 

ik:)7 

+  .(W  Niii  {n  +  ■>*  1 

1^1.-. 

+  .(Ci  Kill  i,<j  -f  'J.')!) 

IKW 

4-  .0(i  Kill  (,.  4-  ■-".•11 

18l(i 

+  .O.'i  Kin  (<i  -1-  'Jl,".l 

i-;ii> 

-)-  .01  sill  (a  +  ;10."ii 

IflT 

+  .0,">  Kin  (,«  +  -S.\') 

ISIO 

+  .(KI  siii((i  -f  ;Wii) 

1 

These  corrections  are  entirely  uniiiportant,  and  the  neglect  of  them  would  have 
produced  no  serious  .'onscqneiicc  I'lic  cenection  for  jiroper  motion  is,  however, 
often  considerable.  But  few  pro]-  r  inotions  are  given  in  A.  S.  ('.,  and  some  of  these 
few  are  very  far  from  the  truth.  The  aiiproximate  ine.'in  epochs  of  "bservation  f.  r  all 
stars  for  which  tho  latter  corrertion  is  more  than  ".02  or  ".03  were  examined  and  the 
corrections  carefully  tippli'.d.  The  barometer  used  in  18;!3-1S3."»  gavi>  readings  .1  in. 
too  small,    This  error  was  disregarded  in  1833  and   1834.     Among  the  errafrt  in  tho 


Hi 

it! 


ill 


If  , 


■il 


430 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[24J 


•;  * 


volume  for  1835  a  tiiblo  is  given,  which  sorvt's  to  correct  uorth  polar  distaiiccs  to  the 
values  tbey  would  have  had  if  the  barometer  bud  given  the  correct  readings.  The 
tabic  with  changed  si^^ns,  to  make  it  applicablo  to  declinations,  is  here  given: — 


J 

Correction. 

.1 

Corroot  ion. 

i 

Correction. 

o 

„ 

c 

„ 

o 

// 

50  S.  P. 

—  .-:( 

+  80 

—  .05 

+  :«) 

—    .23 

(!0  S.  V. 

-  .;w 

70 

-  .  09 

+  yo 

—   .a? 

70  S.f. 

-  .10 

00 

-  .i:i 

+  10 

—   .:!:! 

80  8.  P. 

—  .00 

.-■lO 

—  .10 

-  00 

—    .40 

+  00 

01) 

+  .10 

-  .  11) 

-  10 

—  20 

-  .  :a 

-  .75 

-  1.50 

These  correclions  were  applied  to  all  declinations  of  1833  and  1834. 

The  peculiar  feature  of  the  entire  Cambridge  series  is  the  frequency  of  reflection 
observations.  Within  the  limits  of  zenith  distance  where  they  are  practicable,  their 
number  is  generally  equal  to  tho.so  taken  directly,  the  practice  being  to  observe  both 
at  the  same  transit.  The  discordance,  which  is  large,  is  divided  equally  between  the 
two  classes  of  observations.  The  position  of  the  telescope  was  frequently  changed 
on  the  circle — two  or  three  times  each  year  in  the  firsi  three  year.**,  afterward  at  the 
beginning  of  each  year  with  considerable  regularity  until  1S52,  and  less  frequently 
after  that. 

At  this  observatory  the  experiment  was  tried  of  measuring  flexure  in  diDFerent 
zenith  distances  with  '.he  heli)  of  movable  collimators.  An  abstract  of  the  results  is 
printed  in  Gould's  Astronomifil  Journal,  vol.  v,  p.  28.  Q'he  correction  for  flexure 
determined  in  this  way  is  nnieh  smaller  than  one-half  the  di.scordanco  between  direct 
and  reflected  observations,  and  its  form  bears  little  res-eniblance  to  the  latter.  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  a  portion  of  the  discordance  is  due  to  the  unequally  heated  air 
of  the  observingrooin ;  a  consideration  which  serves  to  modify  tlic  weight  which  this 
series  might  otherwise  have  had  in  forming  the  normal  .system. 

In  the  annual  catalogues  the  results  for  declination  are  gi'\'n  r:eparately  for  direct, 
reflected,  above  and  below  i)ole.  In  combining,  I  have  given  equal  weight  to  the  two 
classes  of  raservations,  direct  and  reflected,  and  have  [used  no  observations  of  stars 
beyond  7<' '  zenith  distance  below  the  pole.  To  (',0°  zenith  distance  equid  weights  are 
.  '^signed;  provided  in  each  case  eight  or  more  observations  were  given.  In  the  few 
cases  where  the  number  of  observations  is  smaller  and  quite  unequal,  weights  nearly 
in  proportion  to  the  square  root  of  the  number  of  observations  are  given.  At  05° 
zenith  distance  determinations  below  the  pole  receive  weight  ^',  and  at  70°,  g.  This 
practice  is  adhered  to  throughout  the  series. 

For  the  years  1833,  '31,  '35.  in  order  to  avoid  errors  which  would  arise  from  s,\.s- 
tematic  diUereuces,  tiie  results  of  .separate  years  are  eonibined  with  ( qiial  weights, 
unless  the  discrepancy  in  the  iiunibei  of  observatijns  was  great  and  the  smaller  num- 
ber less  than  5,  when  arbitrary  weights  are  assigned. 

These  observations  have  be  -n  combined  in  a  single  catalogue*  by  Sir  George  IJ. 


*  "A  catalo);ae  of  7^G  stars,  deduced  from  Ibe  observatiuns  nndo  at  tbo  Cambridco  observalury, 
from  1828  to  1835;  reduced  to  '  Jau.  1,'  1830,  by  Geo.  Biddell  Airy,"  otc. 


[26] 


RJSPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


431 


Airy,  in  Mem.  R.  A.  S.,  vol.  ii.  The  proper  motions  of  A.  S.  (3.  wore  nsed  by  liim,  and 
tlie  (letorminationa  of  different  years  tombiiicd  with  weights  proportioned  to  the  number 
of  observations.  The  possible  error  from  these  sources  may  bo  considerable;  and  the 
labor  of  constructing  anew  the  particular  places  desired,  though  much  greater  than 
would  have  arisen  from  the  correction  of  the  cat.iloguc  for  proper  motion,  is  probably 
worth  tlic  while. 

Co  40.  The  corrections  for  nutation,  epoch,  and  precession  are  given  above  under 
Ce  34.  No  proi>cr  motions  were  used  in  reduction  except  those  of  the  Nantical  Alma- 
nac. In  volume  for  1838  a  now  co-latitude  is  given  derived  from  observations  of 
1837  and  1838.  The  correction  to  that  used  in  previous  years  is  +  ".09;  therefore  to 
the  declinations  above  polo  of  1830  and  1837  the  (ionstant  correction  —  ".09  has  been 
added,  alter  which  no  correction  is  required.  In  order  to  form  a  Judgment  as  to  tho 
individual  accuracy  of  the  declinations,  the  probable  error  is  computed  from  a  few 
of  the  stars  most  frequently  ol)served  within  40°  zenith  distance. 

In  1837 284  residuals  (dir.)  gave  i  ".59 

283  residuals  (ref.)  gave  ±  ",00 

lu  1840-'43 511  (dir.) L  ".52 

509  (ref.) ±  ".55 

The  mean  ±  .50  is  considered  as  tho  probable  error  of  a  single  pointing.  A  com- 
parison of  observations  made  in  different  years  gives  for  the  minimum  error  of  a  single 
position  i  .20.  Tlie  minimum  for  a  single  yeai- tor  stars  observed,  both  directly  and 
by  reflection,  would  be  ±  .14.  These  results  arc  apparently  too  small.  The  argument 
for  using  the  accompanying  table  of  weights  is  one-half  tho  total  number  of  observa- 
tions in  any  one  year;  and  it  supposes  that  the  probable  error  of  any  star,  circuniix)- 
lars  excepted,  cannot  bo  less  than  i  .14.  It  can  only  be  considered  a  rough  approx- 
imation to  the  true  weights. 


•ry.      Nilinlicr  of  obscr 
vatioiia. 

\  r. 

(' 
1 
H 
!) 
10 

Niinibor  (if  obncr- 
vatioim. 

wt. 

11 

I-> 
i:t 
11 

Nniiihcr  of  obser- 
vations. 

1 
S 
3 
4 

5 

1 

.} 

:t  luid  4 

5 
0  1111(1  7 

H  1111(1  1> 
III  1(1  !•,> 
in  t..  1,-) 
10  til  :;;() 

^1  to  -jr. 

W  1(1  :m 
:i.-i  to  Ii 

lo   1(1  I'll 
'  .',  (ir  iiiorc. 

The  probable  error  of  the  unit  is  thus  supiiosed  to  be  aliout  J;  .15,  in  the  average 
of  cases.  With  these  weights,  the  residuals  forme<l  by  suliti acting  the  assumed  dec- 
lination from  the  corrected  value  for  each  year,  are  formed  into  a  single  correction  to 
assumed  place. 

The*  nnmeroas  errata  iu  these  and  subsequent  years  are  carefully  applied. 

Ce  48.  In  1814  a  few  natlir  observations  hiul  been  taken  lor  iiractice;  and  tho 
method  was  adopted  for  obtaining  zenith  points  in  1S45  and  miIi  cquent  years.  It 
was,  however,  controlled  by  the  results  of  direct  and  retlected  til>servalion.s.  In  1840 
began  the  use  of  tho  a',  b',  d,  and  d'  of  tho  B.  A.  C.  In  other  respects  the  ob.serva- 
lions  are  not  diflerent  from  those  of  previous  years.  The  long  period  of  time,  how- 
over,  rendered  these  isomewhat  arbitrary  divisions  necessary. 


■* 


"  i; 


Ki 


i    { 

iiii 

jiii 

432 


UNITED  STATKS  NOKTIIKHX  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[20J 


Thcso  corrections  for  mitiition,  etc.,  arc  applied  in  respective  vears: — 


w 


\  \ 


■  11 


\\ 


1S.I5  +  ".or;  .Mil  ('i  +  L'r.if ) 

1810  4-  ".05  sin  («  +  L'lrP) 

1847  +  ".05  sin  (<i  +  L';57<=') 

ISiS  +  ".03  sin  (-<  +  L'lio) 


1819        +  ".07  sin  («  +  :;5lo) 

1850  +  ".06  sin  (a  +  25;P) 

1851  4-  ".05  sin  (a  +  2511°) 


Inspection  (f  tlie  observations  of  circnnipolar  stars  indicate  that  a  considerable 
correction  for  latitude  is  needed.  Observations  of  a  and  S  Ursa)  Minoris  are  alotio 
available  for  ascertainin}!  tliis  correction.  The  table  of  weights  piveu  undc  Jc'lOis 
used,  and  reQccted  as  well  as  direct  observations  included.  Following  is  the  sum- 
nmry : — 


Com>ctionB  to  n,s- 
siiuii'u  latitiulc. 

Weight. 

CorrortioiiR  to  nn- 
Riimt'd  latitude. 

Weight. 

181.-. 
181(i 
l-'47 
184rt 
184'.» 
18J0 

—  .'JO 

~  .:u) 

—  .*() 

—  .'."I 

—  .-;t 

H 
U 

4        1 
1         ' 
0 

l-.-,l 

(IMr.)  ... 
(UVf.)... 

Xli-iin.. 

-  .;!■■> 

-  ..'■>•.' 

-  .:t4 

(i 

21 

20 

-  .l;t    ±.04 

Probable  error  of  unit  of  weight  ±  ".50. 

The  correction  —  ".l.'l  is  applied  to  all  the  declinations  of  this  group.  This  steady 
diminution  in  values  of  latitude  obtained  since  1833  with  the  same  instrument,  used 
substantially  in  the  same  nietliod,  is  suggestive  of  an  actual  change  in  that  element 
when  it  i.s  taken  in  eonnectiou  villi  the  apparent  existence  of  the  like  phenomenon  at 
Oreenwieh,  AVashinglon,  Poulkova,  and  elsewhere.* 

Ce  50.  During  this  period  there  is  a  niarivcd  falling  oil  both  in  the  number  and 
character  of  the  observations.  Tlie.se  corrections  for  nutation  and  c'locli  have  been 
employed : — 

1852  +  ".01  sin  (-:  +  205°) 

1853  +  ".08  sin  {a  +  2740) 
1851  +  ".00  sin  (-»  +  2S2C) 
1855  +  ".05  sin  (-<  +  21)1°) 
1850        +".01  sin  (-.  +  313°) 

As  in  preceding  years,  only  the  j  roper  motions  of  the  Nautical  Almanac  were  used 
in  the  annual  catalogues.  The  posit  on  of  the  telesc()i)e  on  I  lie  circle  was  changed  at 
irregular  intervals,  but  the  same  relative  weights  and  system  of  combining,  as  in  Ce 
40  and  Ce  JS,  are  here  emjiloyed,  As  this  series  is  not  used  in  Cormiug  the  Normal 
System,  no  eorreeti>'>u  fur  error  of  assumed  latitude  is  ap|)lied,  nor  do  the  observations 
themselves  aiTortl  adequate  means  for  deducing  such  a  correction  independently.  The 
rrnitum  to  retlected  observations  of  1851  is  important. 

Ms  .'{5.  The  results  from  this  catalogue  ar<>  ns'\l  without  charge.    The  proper 

•  "  Die  I'ollioho  von  I'lilUowo.  Von  Dr.  Miigiius  Nyr<<n."  8t.  Pctorsbnrg,  1873.  Seo  nlso  pii.  Uli 
uiut  CO  ortliis  ])ttp(>r. 


aSBH 


271 


KKl'OUT  OF  THE  CHIHF  ASTHONOMKK,  AIM'I'.NDIN   II. 


4-An 


motion  oort'oction  is  oKtMi  lai'so,  l>iil  it  is  not  ;il\viiys  ciisv  to  lliiil  out  wlicllicr  it  oiif^Iit 
to  1)0  applied,  and  tlio  nican  diitooldbscrvat  ion  will  ot'lon  Ix' mtv  inexact.  The  weijjlit 
of  these  ()l)servations  is  so  small  that  1  have  not  tlion^jhl  it  woi'lli  while  to  constinef 
places  anew  Irom  the  s|)ecial  cataloj;n<'s  U.v  the  help  of  division  corrections  on  pp.  ecxix 
and  ccxx.  vol.  v. 

Ms  50.  The  declinations  i-e(]niie  the  fnll  anionnt  of  the  correction  for  proi>or 
motion,  lint  this  is  usnallv  small,  owin.^;  to  the  small  dill'crenee  between  epoch  of 
observation  and  that  of  redaction. 


KDliNmiKill    ANMAl,   C.V  TAI.Olil  T.S. 

I''li  ;?7.  The  methods  ol  redin'tion  to  apparent  place  are,  with  few  e\cei)t ions,  those 
employed  at  Cambridge  in  the  eorrospondin;;;  years,  so  that  the  same  corret'tions  have 
been  applied.  The  jiosition  of  the  telescope  on  the  <'ircle  was  moved  at  the  licj;iniiin}; 
of  IS.'i'.t,  and  yearly,  atterward,  diiriajj;  the  directorship  of  Henderson.  Strictly  speak- 
iii^r,  only  the  observations  of  lS;!l-."i,  in  volnmc  I.,  are  independent,  and  the  sncceediii}; 
catalo};ues  as  rednced  by  Henderson  depend  npon  this  lirst  one.  Ivory's  lefractions  aie 
em|doyed  thronjjhont  tiie  cataloj;nes  eomiiosin-j  ICh  .'>7,  so  that  in  this  respect  the  scries 
is  not  independent.  The  tliscordanec  in  IS.'il-',;,"i,  bet  ween  diiect  and  rcllecled  obser- 
vations, isfinite  larjje,  and  the  latter  are  rejected  liy  Henderson  in  makinjj  np  the  decli- 
nations. The  corrections  derived  t'ldin  siin  observations  in  the  dill'erent  years  are  in 
the  nu'an  small,  and  fnrnish  tolerable  assnranee  that  the  declinations  will  be  fonnd 
quite  free  from  systematic  error.  All  determinations  of  the  same  star,  nj)  to  IS,')',), 
1  Imve  combined  with  weifjlits  proportional  to  the  mindicr  of  observations.  This  result 
is  thei\  combined  wilh  that  for  is;i!),  on  the  supposition  that  the  minimum  error  in 
each  case  is  equal,  and  oiu'-half  the  error  ol  a  sinjili'  pointin;;.  This  was  an  over- 
sight, for  previous  to  is;i7.  in  most  observations,  .six  microseo])es  were  used  ;  after  that 
only  two,  so  that  for  the  tirst  seiics  the  mininnnn  I'rror  mijjht  have  been  taken  about 
onefi>urth  theerror  of  ixiintin;;'.     However,  no  serious  eircr  has  ari.sen  from  this  cause. 

Henderson  estinuites  (IS.!!*)  the  jn'obable  crnu'  of  poinliuf,'  at  :1;  ..">,  ami  juobable 
division  error,  when  mean  of  two  micros, 'oiies  is  taken.  1  .,").  l"or  the  foimcr  (pnintity 
I  have  found,  from  a  rough  trial,  :1  ".(I.  It  will  be  seen  in  the  latilnde  discussion  of 
ICh  -15  that,  if  error  ol'  pointinjv  is  assmned  to  be  twice  the  minimum  error,  we  have  for 
the  lormer  -I.  ".51),  and  for  the  latter  :L  '■'.'-",).  in  close  afirccmcnt  with  above  esiinmtes. 
It  is  dilVu'ult  to  believe  that  the  minimum  error,  under  the  circumstances,  can  lie  .so 
small,  and  donbllcss  a  more  rijjorons  determiMallon  ol'  probable  error  ot  pointiuf,'  woidd 
show  that  to  be  sli^litly  smaller,  and  the  miniiiuiin  eiror  would  then  result  in  a  laijjer 
quantity. 

The  catalojiue  for  1S|0  cannot  propeily  bet  hissed  eiilicr  with  those  preceding;  or 
foliowinji;  it,  and  no  u.se  is  made  of  its  declinations. 

Ell  •!;<.  The  observations  of  this  series  wee  reduced  liy  i'rofessor  Smyth.  Dnriiif; 
the  culii'(>  iierii;d  the  zenith  iioints  were  ih  lived  from  nadir  observations,  a  jiractice 
bcjjnn  in  ISH.  The  obsiMval ions  in  lSll-L'-','i  were  reduced  with  ISessel's  retractions, 
and  the  hel[>  of  Nautical  Almamu;  and  A.  S.  l\  In  LSI  I  the  Nautical  Almatiae.  was 
n.sed  with  the  constants  and  iiropcr  motions  of  15ritisli  Association  Catalo^ne.  The 
corrcelious  to  tirst  three  years  lor  nut.,  etc.,  are  taken  from  the  t'orrcspondiii};  formnho 
for  Cambridjjfo.  For  IS  II  the  correction  is  insigniticant. 
N  1! 28 


1 


III 


■I, 

Ml 


;i   I 


E 


IS 


i!    i 


434 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHEKN  BODNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


2S] 


In  reducing  from  tlio  moan  of  two  inicToscopea  to  tlie  moan  of  six,  Profossor  Sm.vtli 
continued  to  use  tiio  results  of  llio  iiivostigatioii  niailo  by  Henderson  (vol.  1.,  \).  vii,  it 
neq.).  As  tlio  telescope  was  clamped  lo  a  dillerent  part  of  the  circle  in  each  year,  it  is 
evident  that  any  considerable  error  in  the  tbrmuliu  of  correction  would  show  itself  in 
the  (liflereiiec  between  the  declinations  of  the  same  star  in  dilTerent  years,  atid  also  in 
the  latitudes  deduced  from  observations  of  circumpolar  .star.s.  Fortunately,  in  each  of 
the  years  there  are  a  considerable  number  of  tlio  latter  well  suited  to  the  examination 
of  this  question.  In  .l,s/.  Kacli.  15d.  (j."»,  s.  lO.j,  by  Dr.  Auwers,  and  in  Ilonii.  Bcoh. 
Bd.  VII.,  Theil  II.,  s.  251,  by  Dr.  Arj^elander,  we  have  the  results  of  suc^h  an  oxamin- 
atiou.    They  are  exhibited  in  the  foUowinj^  table:— 


Year. 

C'liripotion  to  assiitiad  lalididM  jjiviMi 
Iiy  (ibsirvalioiis  nf  each  year. 

Ainvers. 

Argelamler. 

1>'41 
1H4J 
If!4:! 
1844 

-     .-.'0 

—    .;),■. 

+   1.44 
.  17 

.  -.'0 
-  .iK) 
+   1.44 

.  1,-. 

Both  Anwera  and  Arj^elandor  use  these  as  constant  corrections  to  the  declinations 
of  respective  yoar.s.  The  latter  says,  "  Wie  diese  gro.s.sen  Versliiedonheiten  zu  erkliiron 
sind,  Weiss  ich  niclit  zn  denten.  Tlieilu.iffsfchh'r  an  dem  Orte  des  Sterns  korinen  es 
iinmo<rlich  sein.;  da{;e};en  streitet  die  nahe  Uebereinstiinmunfj  bei  alien  vershiedenen 
Sternen,  and  besoiiders  audi  dor  Umstand,  dass  die  IJntershiede  au(!h  bei  dem  Polar- 
Sterne  sich  zeigen,  bei  deui  die  Puncte  des  Kieises  liir  di(^  (JC.  und  UC.  nur  .'>°  ansein- 
ander  liegen.  Man  erhillt  aber  1S42  aus  resi).  7ti  mid  (it  Peobiiclitungen  UC. — OC. 
—  2". 5,  im  Jahre  1S43  aus  48  und  42  Beobachtungen  +  ;i".l.  .Man  innss  also  deii  Peh- 
ler  wolil  in  dor  Bestimmung  des  Nadirpu!i(;tes  siicheu,  \\\wt  audi  hier  kann  man  ihn 
durdi  Theilungsfehler  alleiu  schwerlich  erkiiiren.  Es  hi'-sse  <liea  voraus.setzeu,  dass 
bei  einem  (ifussigen  Jvreiso  von  Tronghlon  und  Sinwns  dor  Theilnngsfehler  des  JCreises 
an  zwei  Puncteii  dessell)en  nm  2".4  ver.scliiedeii  wiire,  was  wohl  Niemand,  dor  die  aus- 
gezeichnetcn  Lei.stungen  dieser  ICiinstler  kennt,  liir  moglicli  lialten  wu'd  •  •  •  • 
so  Uann  man  die  grossen  Unterschiede  nur  dem  ungliicklichen  Znsammeulretfen  ineh- 
rerer  Ursachen  zusdireiben." 

An  examination  of  the  declinations  near  the  erpiator  shows  that  to  a])ply  these 
constant  dilferences  will,  for  this  region,  in  some  ea.ses,  iiioduce  greater  systematic  dis- 
cordance than  existed  l)el"oro.  In  view  of  all  the  arguments  so  strongly  put  by  Arge- 
lander,  there  appeared  lo  be  but  one  available  liyiiothesis  by  the  ad(i])lion  of  which  t'le 
difliculty  could  be  satisfacitorily  solved.  The  reduclion  for  division  error  actually  used 
is  su])poaed  to  bo  ina|)plical)le,  and  an  attempt  is  made  to  (h  duce  a  new  ono  from  a 
comparison  of  the  observations  of  (he  same  stars  in  did'erent  year.s.  Oranting  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  reduction  from  two  mieroseopes  to  six,  as  louud  by  Henderson  (vol.  i), 
we  may  easily  conceive  such  changes  to  have  taken  place  in  I  lie  instrument  that  these, 
combined  with  small  errors  in  zenithal  divisions  aii>.  (lie  possible  error  of  the  mean 


[20] 


REPORT  or  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  II.  435 


reading  of  six  inicrost'opps,  may  liiivo  cansod  the  discropancics  actually  found.  Tlio 
ari'angt'iiu'nt  of  the  obsc-rvation.s  is  tolciably  favorable  to  lliis  undertaking.  The  circle 
readings  iucreaso  from  tlio  pole,  toward  the  equator,  and  for  the  zenith  were: — 

IS-H  niio  OS' 

ISi-i  ,'i4o  OS' 

ISl.'J  7!)o  (I.)' 

1814  KJ'Jo  O.T 

The  effect  of  the  corrections  actually  applied  to  nadirs  and  zenitli  distances  of 
stars  is  first  subtracted  from  the  declinations.  For  tliat  ])»r])ose  the  table  of  divi.sion 
<!oriections  in  the  introduction  to  eai'Ii  volume  is  used.  We  now  have  the  declina- 
tions as  they  would  have  resulted  had  no  correction  for  division  been  applied.  It  is 
]iossil)le  that  an  ini])ortant  part  ot  tiie  discrepanities  may  have  been  caused  by  ilex- 
nre  of  the  circle,  but  not  lik<'ly.  If  such  is  the  case,  it  cantiot  well  bi^  determined 
i'rom  the  data  furnished  by  the  observations.  It  is  therefore  assumed  that  the  diili- 
culty  is  due  to  division  error.  The  mean  of  two  microscopes  may  be  affected  by  errors 
requiring  corrections  of  the  I'orin: — 

X  sin  '2  K  +  .!■'  cos  L'  li  +  .v"  sin  4  7.'  +  .)"'  cos  4  /.'  +  &c. 

The  coefUcients  ,r  and  jl',  only,  have  been  determined ;  which  is  perhaps  to  be  regretted. 
The  effect  of  accidental  errors  of  the  nadir  divisions  lias  also  been  iiu'liided.  The  fol- 
lowing notation  is  adopted; — 

C  =  Declination  as  printed  in  niinual  catalogues,  but  referred  to  ISi;),  and 

correiited  by  the  requisite  amounts  for  nutation  and  proper  inotioii. 

j?  =  Circle  reading  for  a  given  declination. 

li'  =  Nadir  reading  for  the  same. 

/,•  and  /,'        —  Division  eorreetioiis  actually  applied  to  li  and  7i''. 

,(•  and  ,!■'        =  (loellirients  of  division  correction  as  explained  above. 

'"i.  ''ii  i':t,  '"4,  =  Correction  to  nadir  divisions  respectively  of  1841,  ISl'J,  ISJ;?,  and  1841, 
for  accidental  j'rror,  or  deviation  from  the  law  exiiressed  by  .rsiii  3  li 


J  c 


+  .7''  cos  2  li. 
=  Correction  to  assumed  latitude,  f. 


The  api)lieation  of  any  of  the  above  quantities  is  restricted  to  a  given  year  by  the 
use  of  subsiuipt  figures,  1,  2,  3  and  4,  respectively  for  1841, 1SI2,  ISfi,  jind  1844.  The 
declinations  an*  referred  to  the  common  epoch  184.'}. 0  by  means  of  the  reduction  of 
assumed  places  (SeiUion  HI).     The  corrected  d(>c1iiiation  will  then  be: — 

(1)  li'  +  I'  +  ISOo  4-  ^.  _  /,'  _  I-  f  J.  ^siii  2  R'  -  sin  2  7.')  -f  .('(ecs  2  7."  -  cos  2  7i') 

+  r  +  J<p 
We  shall  then  have: — 

(2)  0  =  (-7,  _  /,',  +  /,-,)  _  (,;,  _  A',  +  ],,)  +  ,■  (sill  2  7.",  -  sill  2  7^',) 
-f  ,('  (cos  2  ,/.'i  —  cos  2  7i"2)  +  r,  —  r,  +  x  (sin  2  7i'.  —  sin  2  I  \, 

+  .1' ((•os2  7i'.  —  eos2  7.'i). 

The  coiiniarison  for  .y  other  years  may  be  derived  from  this  by  the  substitution 
of  the  required  li  ill;'';  .ii  subscript.  l'\)r  convenience,  tli(>  ediiipaiison  was  conliiied  to 
stars  of  the  pro\  isional  catalogue  and  to  those  north  of  10°  south  deiilination. 


If 


Hi 


% 


i;  I 


I 


436 


UNJTED  STATES  NORTH  HUN  BOUNDARY  COMJIISSION. 


[30| 


It  ia  evident  that  I'l,  i-j,  r,,  and  v„  cannot  bo  absolutely  determined  with  the  data 
proposed.    It  will  bo  necessary  to  assume : — 

'"l    +    l'2   +    )•;,    +    (-4    ==    0; 

and  to  express  r,  in  terms  of  tho  other  three  quantities.  This  will  not  aflfect  the  decli- 
nations ;  but  will  produce  an  error  in  the  latitude  of  one-fourth  the  sum  of  the  quan- 
tities in  (piestion. 

Every  combination  of  dillerenccs  that  could  bo  made  was  used.  Thus,  a  declina- 
tion observed  in  three  years  furnisiuMl  thne  (IKl'eronees;  and  four  years,  six.  There 
wore  very  few  of  the  latter.  The  weijjhts  are  assigned  on  the  supposition  that  a  dec- 
lination is  subject  to  a  constant  probable  error  which  is  Kpial  to  one-half  the  error  of 
pointing. 

Where  a  star  has  been  observed  in  three  years  there  are  but  two  independent  com- 
parisons; and  for  four  determinations  wo  have  three  independent  comparisons.  In 
tho  former  case,  each  of  the  three  equations  received  two-thirds  the  weiplit  it  otherwise 
would  have  had,  and  in  the  latter,  each  of  the  six  one-hall.  The  unit  of  weight  is 
that  due  to  live  observations  in  each  of  two  years  where  there  is  but  one  comparison 
for  a  given  star.  It  was  found  that  thecom])iitation  could  be  much  siniplilied,  without 
appreciable  error,  by  assuming  the  simple  scale  of  weights,  l.(»,  .(i,  and  .;{. 

The  coelliciciits  were  computed  to  the  nearest  tenth  only  ;  but  the  equations  were 
not  grouped  in  the  solution.  Tliere  were  in  all  'Ml  equations  of  the  total  weight  1S8. 
Every  \v,ut  of  the  work  was  either  rigorously  checked  or  duplicated.  The  resulting 
normal  equations  are  these  : — 


+  L'57..t  c. 

+    OO.r.  r,     +     7 1.0  ?•;, 

4-  152.'-'  .V 

-     10.7  ,('     +  107.L> 

:r=   0 

+    00.5  c, 

h  ;i3G.4  i\     -f  Ki;!..")  )•;, 

•    l.M.;!  .(■ 

+  (ji!.5  J'   +  i;i8.'_' 

=    0 

+     74.9  c. 

-f  103.r>  r.     +  KS7.(i  (•; 

-f    si.4.r 

-    57.7./'     +    30.5 

=    0 

+  ir,'2.2  r, 

+  i;i4.;i  r.    +   si.i  (•; 

-1    "57.1  .)■ 

4-     Ki.L'.i'     -f  L'05.0 

=   0 

-    10.7  r, 

-f    (!L'..j  (-..     —    57.7  J';, 

+     k;.--'  .V 

+  l-'OO.l.'  .1'     +  224  A 

=   0 

'ho  solution 

gives,  with  c,  =  —  r,  - 

-   I'i  -   '•:. 

Ili'mlcr.soii. 

c,  =  -  ".11               ,r 

=  -  ".(i(j4 

(  -  ".100  ) 

r.  =  -  ".121                .( 

'  =  _  ".598 

(  -  ".388  ) 

)•,  =  +  ".4(i 

r,  =  -  ".14 

The  difTerenees  are  well  rei>resented,  the  error  seldom  rising  as  high  as  ".3  in  tho 
moan  of  a  zone  UP  wide.  The  probable  eiror  cannot  be  estimated  lioni  the  residual.s. 
If  taken  from  then),  it  would  be  nuich  too  tniall.  Assuming  the  probable  error  found 
from  latitude  discussion,  that  of  the  unit  of  weight  would  be  i  ".5(i ;  and  the  probable 
errors  of  j;  and  x'  would  be  i  ".04  eacli;  atul  of  r„  r-i,  etc.,  -l-  ".0(i  each.  But  in  refer- 
ence to  the  latter,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  probable  error  W.  that  of  the  rela- 
tive values,  aixl  that  tlu'ir  common  probable  eiror  can  be  taken  roughly  at  -L  ".15;  so 
that  the  actual  probable  error  of  the  quantities  in  ihe  absolute  sense  is  iibont  ±  ".10. 

Thus  the  values  of  the  zenithal  division  errors  are  reduced  to  quantities  of  not 
improbable  magnitude.  Tho  dill'erence  between  tlie  cocflicients  of  a;  and  a/ as  hero 
determined,  and  as  dotermiued  by  Henderson,  is  im|)ortant. 


[.■ill 


KEPORT  OF  Tni-;  C1II1:F  ASTUONOMKH,  APPKNDIX  n. 


437 


(^l) 


The  fiirtlier  correction  J  if  is  required  before  the  tleeliiiiitiotis  can  be  regiirtled  an 
ilelliiitive.  The  diseussioii  of  J  <f  I'or  the  dllVereiit  jears  will  also  iillbrd  a  pjood  test  of 
tbo  corrections  alreaily  dedaced. 

Thes.vsteiiiatie  eorreetions  of  the  zenithal  divisions  are  respectively  —  ".lit,  —  ".SO, 
+  "..">9  and  -f  "..")()  I'or  lSll-l,'-;j  and  1.  Tiiese  added  to  the  respective  corrections  lor 
uccidental  cri'or,  and  h'  for  each  year,  ^ive  the  Ibllowin^'  corrections  to  the  dcclinit- 
tious : — 

(1811)  -  ".;i,S  4-  ".894  sin  (•>  II  +  -180)  +  A-, 

(1812)  -  ".!)(!  +  ".8!)1  sin  (li  li  +  480)  +  A-j 
(18i;{)  +  ".7-'  4-  ".••^1>1  .sin  (-'  It  +  -ISO)  4-  /.-, 
(ISll)  +  ".18  4-  "  891  sin  (2  li  +  JSO)  4-  A'^ 

Wliero  A'l  etc.,  is  to  be  taken  for  each  .star  from  the  table  p.  180,  volume  for  18il,  or 
from  the  succeeding  volumes.  These  corrections  are,  of  course,  to  be  applied  with 
opposite  signs  to  residt.s  from  observations  of  lower  cnlniination. 

Each  year  furnishes  a  considerable  number  of  observations  united  to  determina- 
tion of  latitude.  Except  for  a  and  <3  Ursic  .Minoris,  with  a  few  others,  threes  observa- 
tions of  the  same  star  were  generally  made  in  eacli  cnlniination.  Tin' coin])Utation  is 
thus  practically  uuiiU'eeted  by  the  (juestion  of  relative-  weights,  and  is  greatly  facilitated. 
Taking  three  ob.servations  in  each  culmination  as  the  standard  nnil  fori.'  J  <{,  weights 
were  computed  for  the  few  that  reepiired  it  on  the  same  assumption  asin  the  preceding 
portion  of  the  discussion.  The  latitude  observations  aic  all  on  stars  of  <leclination 
greater  than  71°,  so  that  the  refraction  cannot  be  examined,  and  the  ob.servations  may 
bo  assumed  to  be  of  equal  accuracy  in  the  small  range  of  zenith  distance.  The  results 
are  these : — 


YtNir. 



A 
// 

? 

It*  11 

— 

.'in  r± 

\--'1 

IrtlJ 

— 

.  1.') 

I± 

I'l 

i8i;i 

+ 

.  ir> 

l± 

III 

IHll 
Mcin . . . 

+ 

.01 

l± 

i-j| 

.  on 

l± 

OC] 



Nnuil)cr  of 

HtlUH. 


;)i 


lus 


'J'he  differences  are  not  much  g'vaier  tinin  the  jirobable  errors  .should  lead  us  to 
expect.  The  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight  calculated  Iroin  the  108  residuals  is 
i  ".(il.  This  gives  I'or  probable  error  of  pointing  1  ".59,  and  for  minimum  proliablo 
error  ;L  "."9;  the  latter  is  in  close  agreement  with  \\w  value  j  ".3  a.ssnnu'd  by  Hen- 
derson in  18;)9.  The  probable  errors  of  J  v',  as  given  above,  take  into  accotnit  the 
probable  error  of  the  formulix!  derived  for  division  correction.  The  probable  error  of 
the  mean  value  of  J  <f  computed  IViim  the  residuals  i.s  i  ".01.  All  thti  values,  liow- 
ever,  are  subject  to  a  common  probable  error  of  about  i  ".15,  besides  the  err  .>r  in 
adopted  refraction;  so  that,  absolutely  considered,  tin-  correction  to  the  assumc.l  lati- 
tude has  a  probable  error  not  far  from  i  ".2.  Exc^it  'or  the  uncertainty  of  retraction 
this  increase  of  probable  error  is  without  inlluence  on  the  declinations.  The  qnan- 
ti  :y  —  ".09  is  therefore  added  to  each  of  the  corrections  marked  (A),  and,  since  It  = 


.*'■!  I 


i'l 


HI 

^il 

Ill 


'^11 


438 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTllEKN  JiOUNDAUY  COMIMI8SION. 


[31!  I 


u 


S    I 


(^') 


li'  +  V'  —  '')  ^vi'  liiivo  by  llui  proinT  siibMtitutiun.s,  llic  I'ollowiiii;  corroctious  to  tlio  decli- 
uutioim  of  Eb  13,  as  iniiitcd  in  tht^  niiiiiial  catalo^iiics : — 

(IS-H)   -      ".M   +  "..S!)-t  (L'S(>i  —  L'r3)   +  /•■, 
(1812)   —    l".(r»   +  ".Si».i  (liL'fSn  _  L',3)   +  /,■. 

(is-i;!)  +    ".(i;!  +  ".s!ti  (liih^  -  li.;)  +  A-,, 

(ISII)   +      ".()!)   +  ".,S!)i  (   7SO  _  L',5)   +  /.-., 

where  lii,  etc.,  art*  to  bo  taliuii,  as  bcloic,  I'loni  tlio  tables  of  «li\  isjou  fonectiou  in  tlio 
iuiniial  voliitncs. 

Till'  I'oliowiiij;-  tablo  I'xiiibits  in  cohiiiin  I.  Ilic  values  ol'  tliis  cxprt's.sion,  coui|)uteU 
I'or  t'Vi'iy  livi'  (IcKi't'os  of  declination  (and  iiieludi's/,).  (.'olunin  If.  is  I  lie  .sum  of  coluniii 
I.  and  tbe  detinitivo  eoinclioii  found  for  Eh  lo  in  Tabh^  IX,  at  the  end  of  this  i)a[>ei'. 
To  this  is  still  to  bo  added  ii  small  correction  dependinj,'  on  riylit  ascension. 

Tdhlc  of  conrctionn  to  Udinhiiruli,  lStl-18U. 


,s 

IS 

II. 

18l',>. 

I. 

IS 

1;!. 

1814. 

I. 

11. 

I. 

11. 

II. 

1. 

II. 

S.I'. 

" 

II 

II 

/ 

7.") 

+ 

.  i;! 

+ 

.  i;i 

+  l.'Jl 

+ 

\.'n 

—  1 

:i7 

—  1 

.  117 

+ 

;!t 

+ 

III 

.-« 

+ 

.01 

+ 

.01 

+   l.lli 

+ 

i.iii 

—  I 

;'.'.! 

—  1 

.  ;io 

+ 

Ii7 

+ 

;i7 

i-.'i 

.17 

.17 

+    I.IHI 

+ 

l.Uil 

—  1 

:io 

—  1 

.  :;ii 

+ 

11/ 

+ 

;i7 

Dd 

— 

.■j;i 

— 

.^:i 

■i-      .1)1 

-1- 

.  01 

—  1 

•JO 

—  I 

.•JO 

+ 

ol) 

+ 

:;ii 

Abcivi.  ii.ilf. 

+  110 

+ 

.  y:j 

+ 

.2:! 

-     .01 

— 

.01 

+  1 

•JO 

-1-  1 

.  •JO 

— 

;'.(i 

— 

:!ii 

+   ,-.-. 

+ 

.  '.'S 

+ 

.  '.'S 

—      .^0 

— 

.^0 

+  1 

IS 

-1-  1 

.IS 

— 

:!i 

— 

;ii 

+  Ml 

+ 

.  -JS 

+ 

.M 

—      .07 

— 

.07 

-1-  1 

01 

+  1 

.01 

— 

lii 

— 

:!i 

+  -■> 

+ 

.  2.'i 

+ 

.  'J,-> 

—    .  :a\ 

— 

.  fil'i 

+ 

00 

+ 

.  00 

— 

'JS 

_ 

•JS 

+  71) 

+ 

'.  I'i 

+ 

.10 

—    .11 

— ■ 

.11 

+ 

7."> 

-1- 

.  7."i 

— 

•Jl! 

— 

'Jli 

+    (M 

+ 

.U.'i 

+ 

.o;i 

—    .;;() 

— 

.  ^'^ 

+ 

."lO 

+ 

.  '>7 

— 

•Jl 

— 

•Jli 

+  (10 



.08 

.i;i 

—    .:il 

— 

.  I'll! 

+ 

10 

-f- 

.11 



■Jl! 

— 

'JS 

+  :,:, 

— 

.  •-':! 

— 

.:il 

—    .;:o 

— 

.  :is 

+ 

ll.'i 

+ 

."7 

— 

•J! 

— 

;'.! 

+  .Ml 

— 

. ;!!) 

— 

17 

—    .:;;) 

— 

.11 

+ 

•Jll 

+ 

.  IS 

— 

•j;i 

— 

Ill 

+  i.-. 



.  .'ll 



.OO 

—    .1(1 



.10 

+ 

■JO 

+ 

.11 

— 

•il 



•;7 

+    10 

— 

.157 

— 

.70 

—    .r.i 

— 

.:.i 

-1- 

17 

+ 

.  It 

— 

•Jll 

— 

•j:l 

+  ;;.-, 

— 

.78 

— 

.7rt 

.  iM 

— 

.i;.'> 

+ 

IS 

+ 

.  IS 

— 

111 

-— 

111 

+  :io 



.HO 



..-1 

—     .7S 



.7:1 

+ 

18 

+ 

.  -j:! 



.10 



0:. 

+  -Si 

_ 

.01 

_ 

.70 

—     .  01 

_ 

.  -'J 

+ 

•JO 

+ 

.  ii'J 

— 

.0-J 

+ 

10 

+  -M 

— 

.Oil 

— 

.71 

—  1.0'J 

— 

.00 

+ 

■j:l 

+ 

'.'vi 

+ 

.00 

+ 

•i-i 

+  V, 



.  0:1 



.  <;c. 

—  l.i2:t 



.00 

+ 

•J7 

+ 

.  :,\ 

+ 

.•Jl 

^■ 

.48 

+  10 

— 

.  OJ 

_■ 

..'>s 

—  l.:!l 

— 

1.00 

+ 

•JS 

+ 

.O-J 

+ 

.:ii 

+ 

.lis 

+  ■> 

— 

.  rtl 

— 

.  .'•.;( 

—  i..i;i 

— 

1.07 

+ 

;io 

+ 

.(Hi 

+ 

.17 

+ 

.8:1 

0 



.  S7 



.r,;i 

—  1.  IS 

_ 

l.TI 

+ 

111 

+ 

.(;,''. 

+ 

.  ;V.) 

+ 

o;t 

_    .-, 

— 

..«■! 

— 

.  .'■i'.) 

—  i.r.i 

— 

l.-JO 

+ 

;ii 

+ 

..'id 

+ 

.71 

+ 

.  Oil 

—  10 

— 

.6-> 

— 

.  a) 

—  ij>\ 

— 

l.:i8 

+ 

:vi 

+ 

.  l.'l 

+ 

.70 

+ 

.M 

—  1.-. 



.80 

_ 

.7S 

—  i.ni 



I.   IS 

+ 

.:t;i 

+ 

.  :!.■, 

+ 

.sli 

+ 

.  8."> 

—  -JO 



.«) 

— 

..■'S 

—   1.  H 

— 

l.Tili 

+ 

.  :!.'> 

+ 

!'J7 

+ 

.s:! 

+ 

.75 

—  -J.-) 

— 

.fO 

— 

.  0.-. 

—  l.-lli 

— 

1.01 

+ 

.;i8 

+ 

.Si 

+ 

.81 

+ 

.(HI 

—  :!o 

— 

.7;i 

-1 

.00 

—  l.ll 

— 

i.i;.-i 

+ 

.  1,-) 

-1- 

.Jl 

+ 

.71 

+ 

.511 

cfrr 


^sssmmmm 


JJKI'OUT  OF  TllK  OlllIOF  ASTIJONOMKU,  AI'l'liNUl-X.  11. 


4;;s) 


Willi  iIk'  con ocI ions  of  colniiiii  1.  imIiIciI  to  thoNO  lor  niitatioii  and  proper  motion 
all  tlic  results  I'or  a  (;iveii  star  were  Ibiined  Into  a  siii{;le  mean,  with  tLulullowing  tabic 
of  wei}{lits : — 


\v 

■i^'lllM. 

Oli^rfViltidllH. 

1 

1 

1 

°j  tiiici  :i 

1 

r.  Ill  ;• 

4 

Id  to  ;i.'i 

5 

::ii,  or  iiKiio. 

1 

Ell  M,  Ell  03  and  I'ili  (J7.  Tlieie  are  lew  oliservations  in  this  series;  lint  many  of 
them  relate  to  stars  for  which  lew  oliservations  are  foniid  elsewhere.  The  nniniportaiit. 
corrections  for  nutation  apjilied  to  Caiiiliridne  annual  eataloKUes  of  corrrs|ioiiding 
years  previous  to  l.S.">7  are  used.  Tlie  projicr  motion  correction  is  {jeiierally  iiej;- 
leeted  :  the  dill'eiciiee  lie!  ween  tlio>e  asMiiiied  in  this  [liiper  and  those  of  Jl.  A.  V.  used 
in  rednetioii  of  Ivlinbnifih  observations  liein;,'  usually  small,  l.>r  the  short  interval  of 
time  intervening  between  the  mean  epoch  of  observation  and  tie  be^innin^'  of  the 
year.  The  },'ronpin};  is  determined  by  constancy  of  zenith  circle  readiii;;s,  which,  how- 
ever, wel■(^  ollen  cliaiifjed  <liiiiiiK'  the  pciiod  einbraeed  in  J'.h  TiS. 

K;,'  in.  'i'lie  rcdnctiiin  by  Lather,  in  Axl.  ytnli.  I(l7i>,  employs  IJessel's  lefiactions 
( ISL'I )  and  derives  the  latitude  from  a  L'rs.  .Min.,  «  Aiiri^iu  and  «Cy;;ni.  1  have  followed 
the  lead  of  Dr.  Ainvers  (.l,v^  Much.  151!)),  taUinpr  the  latitude  from  a  Urs.  llin.  alone 
and  applyiiif;  the  (■oriection  —".17  to  lln' declinations  of  all  stars,  except  a  Axnijuv 
and  a  ('y<,'rii,  w  hose  declinations  are  taUeii  ficnn  npper  <'Mliiiiiiatior>  alone,  and  the  cata- 
l(i;;iie  places  corrected  respectively  by  —".11  and— ".11.  The  observations  were 
originally  reduced  with  I'eters's  nutation. 

GlilCK.NWIClI  CAIALUliLKS,  ts;!il-l-:-'. 

This  Ion;;  and  valuable  .series  of  ob.servatioiis  is  remaikable  lor  the  nnilorinity  of 
its  plan  and  methods,  the  tlioron^diness  and  accuracy  of  its  numerical  reductions, 
and  the  vast  amount  of  material  it  contains,  ehielly  relatin<;  to  |ilaccs  of  sun,  moon, 
planets,  and  stars  of  the  sixth  ma^'iiilnde,  (a'  biij^hler.  The  observations  aic  made 
with  lion  reversible  iiistrnmeiits,  anil  the  problem  of  absolute  declinations  is  rendered 
allo;;etlier  snbordiiiale  to  the  rcipiiiciiienis  of  routine  wiiik  on  a  larp'  niiinber  of  ob- 
jects.* This  robs  the  seriesol  an  iiilcrest  it  iiii^ht  otiiei  w  ise  ]msscss  ;  lint  when  syste- 
matic corrections  to  its  various  catalogues  are  once  ascertained,  it  becomes  the  richest 
mine  of  inforination  on  the  declinations  of  the  bii;;liter  stars. 

Two  mural  circles  were  used  iinlil  March,  IS.i'.),  then  a  sin},de  mural  circlet  until 
ISol,  when  the  {^reat  transit  <Mi'cle  was  mounted,  and  has  been  used  until  the  present 
time.  The  position  of  the  telescope  on  each  of  the  mural  circles  was  chan^'cd  at  the 
be;,'inniii},' of  each  year.  The  relation  of  the  Itlescopi-  and  circle  of  the  transit  circle 
is  invariable. 


*  III  11 1'l'ilical  I'xuiiiiiiulioii  of  (jrci'inviili  polar  (IIkIiuii'I'H  lor  lf.'>l-lsr>'l  Mr.  A.  Miiiili  Iiuh  ]ioiiit(!il 
nut  very  Cdiicliisivi'ly  tlii'  ili'lVcIs  of  the  (iiti  iiw  i(  li  triinsil  lirilr,  as  ii|i|ili('<l  to  tl»>  |irol)Iuiii  of  uliboliitii 
iliTliiiiitioiis.     (.I<i/.  Aaili.,  VJtiO.) 

t  111  184H,  (or  II  filiorl  tiiiir,  tlm  Joiu's  Cape  chlIi'  was  iisfcl. 


mi 


1  1 1 


.i  i 


440 


jxirKO  sTATKs  xoijTiiinjx  uoitnuary  commission. 


(.•Ml 


The  (ili.si'i  v.ilioiis  were  it'diiciil  wilh  rx'ssci's  rt'lViu'liniis  ( 7"((/(.  h'iij)  until  IStKS, 
when  till"  icliiiclioiis  III'  (lie  riiinldiiiiiifa  iMulti|)lii'il  l>.v  (l.!t!>7!17  Wfic  iiiloptt'd  on  tlm 
iiiitlioi'it.v  III'  a  ilisrussioii  liy  Mr.  l).  .1.  .'^Iimic  (Miiiilii.  Not.,  vol.  I'M,  p.  L'T),  who  u.sfs  lor 
till'  piM|iiiM>  oli.stTvatioii.s  iiiiulc  Willi  ilu'  transit  fiiclo  ot'lirci'nwicli  I>.-|7-1.S(),"». 

(ill  .i!)  ami  (ill  l."».  'llii'  olisiTvatioii.s  of  st'paratti  years  aiv  u.Mially  mi1iut«1  tt>  llio 
lu'Kiiiiiiii!,'  of  till'  .vi'ar  wiili  no  propiT  niotion,  or  with  valncs  of  that  t'lonn'iit  takt'ii 
fioiii  .\.  S.  ('.  Wlirri'viT  the  t'lior  I'loiii  this  is  consiilcralili',  it  has  lici'ii  cari'lally 
attiMuU'il  to  in  i he  itMi/o  ol  lalcr  i-atalo;;ni's.  I  hav(>  not  invest i};al('(l  any  I'asi's  iiiilo- 
]u-iiiU'ntly  of  tlir.si'.  Till'  piopcr  nioiions  of  lh(>  ]>.  \.  ('.  wt'if  n.st'il  in  conipiliiij;'  the 
tii'iioral  fi'oMi  llio  spi'i'ial  i'atalo;;iu's,  Whi'ri'  thi' ililfi'irnrt'  lii-lwi'tMi  Ilii'Hoanil  thiiso 
assiiiiiril  in  tills  pajiiT  is  woilli  ri'^^anliny;  tho  piopcr  roiriTlion  has  lircii  applird, 
usiii}?  lor  the  piiiposi'  tho  niran  rpoflis  of  tlu' 'I'wolvo  yi'ar  cataloj^no,  whirli  an' only 
givi'ii  to  tin."  ncairst  yi-ar.  For  rrilnc.tion  to  a|ipari'nf  plai'o  the  .spt'oial  ('atalo;;ut's  ile- 
|H>iul  upon  the  Naiitii-al  .Minanac.  T\w  followiii<;  iiican  corri'L-tionH  for  niitatiuu  and 
t'piich  have  lici'ii  applied  : — 

(ill  ;i!».     -f  ".04  sill  (./ 4- 305°) 
(Jh  \r>.     -  ".Oi;  .sin  (.<  +    (!lo) 

Gil  "(0.  Tho  nutation  eoricction  is  : — 

—  ".((.5  sin  (u  +  70°) 

Till'  remarks  nnder  the  ineeeilinj;  eatalo^nes  are  generally  applicalile.  A  ]U)rtioii 
of  the  time  the  inuial  eiiele  was  used  in  a  temporary  oliserviiiKi'oom,  and  the  eirenin- 
ptanees  under  wliieli  iiini'h  of  the  work  was  done  were  necessarily  nnfavoralile.  Some 
uiieertaiiity  in  the  systeinatie  coneetioii  of  this  eatalo^jiie  must  arise  from  the  faet  that 
it  eoiiihines  results  from  two  distinet  instruments  al  dillerent  times. 

(.ill  .■t7.  This  eatalojjni'  may  beresarili'd  as  eontainin^  the  work  of  the  transit  eirele 
in  its  best  estate,  when  the  observers  had  lieeoine  aeeiistomed  to  its  jieculiarifies,  and 
before  any  ajii)re('iable  imperfeetion  or  wear  had  resulted  from  loii};  use.  Though  the 
instrument  was  used  in  a  single  position  during  the  eiil ire  peiiod,  the  eirele  readin;;s 
■were  made  with  six  microscopes.  Fiirtliermore,  the  error  of  division  was  earefully 
examined  for  every  il('i;rce  and  for  some  special  divisions,  and  the  high  reputation  of 
the  makers  is  a  ;;iiarautee  that  the  accidental  errors  of  division  are  jirobably  small. 
The  proper  motions  of  this  and  suceeedii  5;  catalogues  of  (ireeiiwieh  are  p'lierally  iu 
fair  ajireeineut  with  the  assumed  pro|)e'.  motions,  so  that  this  eoireetion  is  seldom 
applied  by  me.  The  special  catalofjues,  until  l.s,'")7,  require  small  corrections  for  nuta- 
tion and  epoch;  alter  that  year  the  ob.servatioiis  were  reduced  with  I'eter.s's  nutation, 
and  to  epoch  0  =  :.'Sl)^.     The  re.-iiltiiijj  small  correction  was  ucjilceted. 

(Ill  til.  'I'lie  scries  embraced  in  this  catalojjue  is  es.sentially  a  eonliuualion  of  the 
precedinji.  No  correction  is  needed  save  that  for  proper  motion,  which  is  usually  insi};- 
nilic  int.  Durinji  the  loiii,'  period  of  its  u.se  the  instrunient  underwent  .slow  changes 
from  wear,  which  mijjlit  be  ipnte  suflicieiit  to  cause  a  real  dill'crence  in  the  systematic 
correction  required  (see  (ill  7(>)' 

(111  7t(.  The  slight  corrections  rei^uired  by  the  annual  varietions  of  the  special  cat- 
alogues were  sometimes  regarded.  The  results  of  .separate  years  were  theu  (combined 
with  weights  according  to  number  of  observations  iu  each  year.    1  became  aware  of  the 


tlljgU-i- 


[;i,-,| 


IJKl'OUT  OF  TllK  CllIHl-'  ASTHONOMHK,  AITICNDIX  II. 


441 


larp'  t'l'i'or  due  to  wcnr  of  tlit>  inicroniclrr  scrows  too  Into  to  iitiiUo  any  iini'  oI'u  s|n'ci:il 
coii'iM'tioii  oil  tliat  accoiiri,  I  liavo  taken  my  iiil'oi'iiiatioii  I'loin  Mr.  Christ ic's  |ia|ii'r 
ill  Moiilli.  Not.  H.  A.  .S.,  tor  NoviMiilicr,  IS7(i. 

Tilt'  Norics  of  ivlU'ctioii  obsiTvatioiis  iiiadu  diiriiif;  tlif  period  l.s;i(i-I,S7l.',  at  (ireeii- 
wicli,  lias  attraeted  wide  attention,  and  has  hecii  tiie  Niiltjeet  of  noiiio  intereslin;; 
nieinoiis.  A  Itiicf  eoiisitleiatioii  of  tlic  priixiiial  points  involved  will  l)e  of  use  in 
jiid};in^'  the  value  of  tiie  deeliiialions  in  tlie  absolute  sense.     iMiriii^  most  of  the  period 

ofcnpied  l)y  observations  with  the  mural  circles,  the  correction    '  ""    -  was  lonnd  to  bo 


HO  Hniall  and  so  irregular  tiiat  it  could  not  safely  lie  applied.*  The  <'orreetionM  of  earlier 
years,  and  fo;-  1S.,I>,  wen*  small.  It  may,  therefore,  be  assumed  that  the  deelinations 
of  that  period  ( l.^.iti-ls.')!!)  are  practically  iiniiillnenced  iiy  the  discordanei*  in  ipiestion. 
On  thi>  inti'odnetioii  of  the  threat  transit  circle  in  IS.^il  liiis  discordance  was  at  onc(> 
noticeable,  and  a  correction  has  always  been  applied  to  all  polar  distances  deduced 
from  the  oi)sei  valions  of  this  inslriinient — this  correction  beiiij;  a>snmcd  to  be  cipial 
for  thu  two  classes  of  observations  (direct  and  rctleclcd),  but  applied  with  opposite 
sifjiis.  The  division  error  was  discussed  for  every  dcj,'ree  (d'  pointer  readin;;,  tirsi  in 
IM.'it-'-',  apiiii  in  ISoli,  and  lastly  in  ISTI.  The  results  of  the  three  investi;;ations 
essentially  conllrni  each  otlie 


'I'he  Ihst  table  ol' corrections  was  used  in  the  years 
l.S,")|-l,S,")(i ;  thcse(!oiid,  l.S."i7-l.S(i7;  the  lliiid,  which  is  the  mean  of  the  liist  ami  second, 
IStiS  and  later.  The  hori/.ontal  llexnie  was  several  times  determined  by  the  o|iposiii<r 
horizontal  colliinatur.s.  Until  KS'itt  the  telescope  was  raised  Irom  its  licaiin};s  in  order 
to  reinlcr  the  collimators  intervisiblc.  In  the  latter  part  of  18(15  the  telescope  cube 
was  pierced  in  such  a  manner  as  to  ilispeiise  with  the  raisinj;.  Owiii;;  to  conslriiclion 
of  the  instrument  a  single  cir<'tilar  opening'  could  not  be  cut,  l)at  several  radialin;; 
apertures  in  the  form  of  sectors  were  made.  This  necessilated  the  use  of  very  l.irfie 
colliiiiators  (aperture  7  inches).  The  value  of  the  Inui/iaital  tlexnre  suddenly  cliiinfied 
at  this  lime  nearly  one  second,  passing  from  a  decided  plus  value  to  a  minus  value.  In 
the  table  to  be  <;iven  it  will  be  oloerved  (hat  there  is  a  sirnullan«'(Mis  clian;;e  in  lh<^ 
opposite  direction  of  the  si;;n  ot  the  coetlicient  of  sin  /cos-'/.  As  Professor  Newcoaib 
su^r^icsted  to  me  recently  that  the  entire  series  of  observations  with  the  transit  circle 
«!ould  lie  recoiieiled  to  the  supposition  of  a  nniform  coetlicient  of  llexure,  depending' 
on  sill  Z,  1  have  exaniiiied  this  (pieslion,  not,  however,  in  any  very  critical  or  conclu 
sive  maiiner.  It  is  necessary  to  remark  that  the  formula  of  correctiiui  was,  until  ltSti2, 
assumed  to  lie 


siibsetpieiitly  (o  that  time 


(I) 


-f  //  sin  Z\ 


+  /,' 


/  cos-  /. 


r  have  reduced  /*'  to  make  it  comparable  with  h,  by  supposiiifj  that  the  mean  Z, 
where  />  —  AI  ocears,  is  cH'cclively  about  -."i'^,  and,  therefore,  tliat  h  would  have  been 
about  .S />',  had  the  law  expiH'ssed  in  (I)  been  used  instead  of  (Li).  The  ;:roups  are 
partly  determined  by  the  periods  dnriiij;  which  the  isanie  coetlicient  determined  trom 
opposing'  collimators  was  used.  The  lollowiu};  table  exhibits  approximate  results. 
The  first  column  j^ives  the  year  or  period  ;  the  second,  adopted  value  of  llexnie  depend- 

•Airy  sivs,  p,  xli,  Int.  (ill.  OliH.,  l.~l(i,  "  Tlic  valiir.s  of  11  —  It  aii<  ko  small,  and  llii'  (xisliiur  oT  any 
lliat  I  liavo  lliini^lil  il  lu'-t  In  adopt  llu- riiTlc-nwiills  witliout  uny  ciiriec- 


la 


uiiinii;'  tlii'iii  SI 


1)  nnfnrtani, 


tion  fur  A'  —  />.'    Tlii.s  rcuiarU  \t  .siilistaullally  npiali'd  In  ruili  viilunic  until  1S.MI. 


% 


El 

li 


u  1 


hi     u 


1 1 


tltl 


442 


UNITED  STATES  XOItTIlEKN   BOUNDAltY  COiMMISSION. 


;!(i| 


iiifj  on  sill  Z,  lybtaiiieil  from  ob'iTvation  of  colliniiitoris;  tbe  tbinl,  tbo  iiverago  valiio 
of  /*  for  tlio  {jivt'ii  j.i'iiod — for  tlio  lirst  throe  {fiou|Ks  diroctly  derived — for  all  after 
ISGli  from  b' ill  tbe  uianmu' exiilained  ;  the  fourth,  tlie  average  value  of  tbe  constant 
term  « ;  the  liftb,  the  sum  of  second  and  third  eoliimns;  tbo  .si.\tli,  the  weijjbt — tbo 
result  of  one  yosir  lii-inji  the  unit.  The  spaces  indicate  epochs  of  change  in  division 
correction  used : — 


rerioil. 

Ci'lliiiialiir 
Uexmo. 

;.,.ir.8(-' 

(1 

Residual 
lluxiuo. 

Weiglit. 

1851 

if'r.s 

1803-18511 

18o7-18Cl 
l,-(i-J-Hti.J 

l-'ti,". 
18rni-ln70' 

1-71  and  187:i 

Jl.aii 

// 
+  .7:1 
+  .7:t 
^-  .  r,o 

+  ..-.0' 

+  -Vl 

—  .1;; 

—  .-,'1 

[  -  ••211 

—  .:il 

—  .4-2 

—  .4:1 

—  .(ii 
+  .0-J 

+  .51 

++ 1      ++ 1 +      1 

" 

.111 
.111] 

.  ii;) 

.(14 

.111 
.111 

.  HI 

.111 

+  .VJ 
+  .11) 

-!-  .14 

+  .  l:! 
+  .11 
+  .-J.-. 

+  .:!;i 

1 

4 

.'■> 
It 

I 

+  .-Jl 

_.„.".  J 

*  Tlio  actual  uImii^o  in  divi.>.i()ii  cDiioLtidii  uwd  tuok  placi'  in  1-li^,  and  in  iinimixntant. 

Tiius  it  appears  that,  if  the  uniform  value  of  sine  llexure,  +  ".21,  had  been  employed 
thiougbout  tbe  series,  we  should  have  bad  sufticiently  good  agreement  between  direct 
and  relleetion  ob.servations.  This  apiu'ars  to  me  to  throw  diseivilit  upon  the  value  of 
lie.xuro  derived  from  o|)posing  eollimators,  and  fmees  me  to  the  belief  that  the  change 
in  the  collimator  flexure  between  ISOo  and  IStiti,  if  it  has  indeed  any  reality  in  fact, 
Wi'-;  much  smal'er  than  has  been  sui>posed.  In  this  piirticular  case,  at  least,  the  fore- 
going di.>ieussion  appears  to  argiu'  strongly  for  tbe  utility  of  leUectioii  observations. 

If  there  is  a  real  residual  discordance,  li  —  1),  it  would  a[)pear  from  the  discus- 
sions of  Ary  (.Mem.  It.  A.  S.  xxxiii,  and  Seven  year  Ciilaiogiie,  p.  viii);  I'aye  {Cnniptcn 
Ji't«(/«s,  sxi, ')!'.  401,  0u5,  757);  and  Van  de  t\iiKle  JJaikhuyzen*  {Ant.  Xach.  17l!0), 
that  it  is  probably  due  in  some  measure  to  tbe  elVecl  of  variations  of  temperature  at 
dilVerent  altiti'  'es  in  the  observing  rorai.  It  is  (luite  likely,  that  the  rellci'tion  obser- 
vations ate  i)rificip:dly  affected — as  Ileiidcrson  and  others  have  su|)posed. 

It  ma\  be  interestiu;''  to  note  that,  if  we  as.^iume  the  latitude  derived  by  Dessel 
fiom  Bradley's  o">>servati(;i!s  {Fund.  Antr.)  to  be  near  the  truth — and  there  is  good 
reason  for  believiiij,'  it  is — and  if  we  suppose  tbe  mean  latitude  for  the  period  lS3li- 

1800  to  be  that  which  is  afl'ected  br  the  correction  — ,  we  shall  have: — 

1  ?.>"):  V-  =  r»io  2.S' ;!!)".(; 

1.S47:  V-  =51oi.>,s';iS".17, 


*  *'  I'ebcr  lit  H  lAtiJlustt  ittr  UtrahUtthrvclittnj  im  Ji(utntf:htttn;nti(iitliy  uitf  O'tv  mit  item  Mt r'nliaiilrt i.if  lnf<liin- 
ten  Dccliiialioiun."  Tliis  papor  treats,  most  lliiiiciiij;ld% ,  the  iili.~i  ivatienH  <it  (ireenwieli  liansil  eiicle, 
l^.'il-18tJ4,  «illi  refeienco  to  diserepancii's  in  jinlar  distance,  wliicli  are  eiilenipcin'ne<ins  willi  dill'erenco 
III' readingH  of  outer  ami  inner  tUeruiouieters.  Asa  |uai'tieal  result,  llii'  I'oruiofau  i<li'al  (tnrt'aeeol'  june- 
liiiu  lietwuen  llie  outer  und  inner  uir  is  dedneed,  wliicli  appears  In  i  xplain  tlie  diaerepaneies  iu  a  8atin- 
I'.iulury  inanuvr. 


[;i7j 


liEPOKT  OF  TDIi  tilllil'  AaTKO^OIMEK,  API  ENDIX  U.  443 


Anutial  variiitiou  of  liititude  —  ".Ol.w,  or  —".0139,  if  tlio  latitudes  arc  reducetl  to 
the  same  refractions. 

Coinpariiiji  tlio  results  found  by  Airy  yp.  viii,  Seven-year  Catalogue),  with 
V  =  5 1  o  I'S'  38".  1 7  -  ".013U  t,  wo  have :— 


Period. 

lK!(;-t>»4t 
184-i-l.-l?i 
1851-1800 

L.ititudo  oliscrvc'd. 

From  forraiilii. 

O           /             /' 

51     M    ;i8.28 

;i8. 11) 

•M.  04 

o        /            " 

:!8.  17 
:!8.  15 

If,  oil  tlie  other  hand,  we  considei  the  results  lor  latitude  as  i)rinfed  in  the  Green- 
wich Annual  Catalo^jues  later  than  1800,  wo  have  seconds  of  latitude  for  18(51-07, 
;{5".L'5;  and  (after  approximate  redueilon  to  the  retractions  luvviously  used)  for  180S- 
7_*,  3S".1.S,  results  which  ccntradict  the  theory  of  diniinishinj;  latitudes.  ' 

KADCLIFFi;    CA'I'AL0GU1::S. 

He  45.  The  nutation  correction  is  neglected,  lieeause  the  period  embraced  in  the 
observations  is  so  great,  that  an  error  greater  than  the  correction  would  often  be  intro- 
<lueed.  '.'"he  |)laces  were  correete<l,  wherever  necessary,  for  the  liU'erence  between 
assumed  proper  motion  and  tliat  found  in  the  ealalogue.  An  important  correction  is 
found  in  the  Introduction,  pp.  viii  to  xi.  This  has  been  eaiefnlly  api>lied,  as  well  as 
that  for  error  in  reducing  three  stars  r^i'ccilied,  i>.         Int. 

Tne  refractions  used  in  this  catalogue  are  those  of  Itessel  (1820)  multiplied  by 
.01)07.  A  much  smaller  refraction  was  ilediK^ed  by  Johnson  (IlcObs.  xv,  p.  xxiv).  The 
instrument  was  very  imperfect,  and  was  used  in  a  single  position. 

lie  o8.  This  is  essentially  a  continuation  of  the  foregoing  catalogue.  The  impor- 
tant eorreetion  jt.  xviii  Introduction  to  second  IJadclitle  catalogue  was  a[iplie(l  beloie 
using  the  n-sults. 

I'e  00  ami  l{e  7l'.  The  trifling  correetiim  for  proper  motion  has  been  applied  in  a 
few  instances.  The  telescope  was  shilted  relatively  to  the  circle,  at  the  begiiniing  of 
1870;  so  that  in  the  liual  discussion  of  deeli'Mtions  the  series  has  been  divided  into 
two  groups.  In  making  np  these  groups  llie  observations  were  given  weights  pro])iir- 
tional  to  number  (>f  observations,  the  eoirectioiis  of  Table  IX.  being  lirst  applied. 
The  results  were  then  considered  as  agreeing  with  the  Normal  System  and  were  used 
without  further  correction.  Dut,  for  i)reliniinary  purposes,  owing  to  the  large  system- 
iiti(  ditlerenees  in  polar  distances  of  dillerent  years,  stars  were  t)iiiilted  which  were  not 
observed  in  at.  least  four  dill'ereiil  ,\ears.  llach  year  was  given  eijual  weight  u'lless 
tlu^  number  of  observations  was  less  than  4;  two  or  three  observations  were  given 
weight  .7;  and  1,  weight  .4.  The  following  table  exhibits  corrections  to  assumed  places 
thus  derived : — 


star. 

r. 

Star.                          r. 

1 

!                 Sfiir.                          f. 

t 

II     Ai  dri>iiii'(t;u 

„ 
-  .-Jl'l 

4  .:!;> 

--■   .HI 

-1-    .IH 

-1-  .-js 

1 

1 

1 

'■       PiscilllM           —    .11 

51  Anilriiiiiiila^ 

0     I'iseiiiMi    

—  ..W 

—  .78 
4-  .  •-I) 

—  .Vi 

■1-  ..-.7 

Y  Pi  ^^jirti   

tt     Ciissioju-rt^ 

V  (>ussi(ipt';n 

11     .Vmlrimieil;b 

,(     Aiiilriiint'ilii) —  .  ej 

11     IJr-ii'  Mumris  .    ...         -    .  '.Ml 

"   Ci'li ;      4-  .i;i 

1/    I'lM-iiim ;      —  .  lUj 

f     t^l.s^ill|M■a) 

)     Ariel  is    

50  (Jassiitiu'iu 

,  ?{ 


ill 


In 


is  *  'i 

I  \  ll 

w 


1 1 

I  I 


ii 


n  f 


I 


it 


444 


IXlTEl)  STATES  NORTnERX   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


star. 


a    Arii'tis 
i'    IVIi.... 
i-    Ci'li  ... 
)'  IVIi.... 
a     Cell.... 


.1 

hi 


Vivii'  Mnjoiin  . 

Ilxiliic 

ri>;o  .MiiJKi'is  . 

(iimi'i 

llvUiib 


I.CdlliM 

l.iMiiiis 

Vrmv  Mihjnns 

l>i'i)iiis     

Lcimi.s 


■  I 


Lt'oiiis 

Li'tuiis 

I.l'llllis 

I  isn'  .Miij.iiis  ,  . 
lisiu  .Miijoris  .  . 

Lfonis 

l.t'ilIliH    

DniL'Dtiia 

Li'onis 

L'rsjc  Miijoris  . . 

T.i'otiirt 

\'ii'^iiiiM 

l'i>:i'  Miijoris  .  . 
I'rtiu  .MuJoi'iM  . . 
Virginia 


I'lTwi ... 

IVrsfi 

'rami  

II.  .\.  C.  l-,>;i.'i 

Tiiuii 

Tinni 

Taiiii , 

t'iiim'lopariJiilis    . 

Amiga' 

Ami};io 

(Irioni.s 

Tanri 

Oiiiinis 

Oi'ioiiis , 

Orioiiis 

Amiga', 

(Iriiiitioruin 

(ii'iiiiiionim  

(ii'iiiiiiormii   

1!.  A.C.'Jl.'.T 

(ictniiuirniu  

(u'luiiionim   

(ail.  MiiKiris 

lil  IllilMirillll 

Caneri 


+ 

+ 
+  1 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 


+ 

+  1 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 


+ 

+ 
+  1 

-I- 

+ 


Star. 


ir,  I; 

17  !| 

'■i'>  i: 

(111  1^ 

:u  ll 

iil 

Ti  r 

i;i  I 

MS  I; 

0(> 
01 
I'J 
•J!) 


Drijconia 

Can.  A'l'U 

Virgiiiis 

Virginia 

Ur.siP  Miijoris . 

Virtjinis 

llrsai  Majaris  . 

liooli.s. 

Drai'imis    

Ikioli.s 


0  llciotis 

(P  lioolii 

('  liiiotis 

)J  I'rsiu  Minoris  . . 

,3  l!lK)ti:) 


Libra' 

I'rsa'  Minoris 

Draconis 

Ciiioiiio  Uorcalis 
S('r|u'iiii,s , 

St'r]M'nt\s 

Trsa'  Miiiiiris  ... 

l)rai'(ini,4 

Ojliinclii 

lliTiuliH 

l'>i"a('oni.s , 

Prai'iiniH 

Opliiiiclii , 

lIl'IlMllis 

Ilcrciilis 


K  0|ihiiU'lii 

c  UiTiniis , 

f  I'rsit'  Miuorii) 

n'  Ilcrculis 

J  Drauonis 

(1  Opliini'lii 

//  llcrciil's 

L  '  lii'atMdiiM 

^ll  lli'icnlis 

7  Draconis 

,! 
'/ 
X 


I'r.^a'  MInuriH. 

St'Viu'ntis 

Ilrai'onis 

l.vrio  

Lvra',   


Ai]nila»    

Ai|nila> 

A(|iiila! 

t'.VKni 

Aqniliu 

Arpiila^ , 

Aqnila' 

I'rsa'  Mi  noils  . 

t  I'plii'i 

Di'lpliini 


Star. 


+1 

.OS    , 

+ 

.•-•1 

..|0 

+ 

.  •.'(> 

..U   j 

-1 

.OJ    ' 

— 

.  I'J 

— 

.o;i 

+ 

.o:i  ' 

,  rt.'t 

_ 

.OS  ' 

+ 

.:!',! 

_L 

.k; 

+ 

.  IT 

— 

.Ml 

+ 

7*1 



!so 

— 

.•-0 

+ 

.41 

+ 

.IS 

.;ii 

+ 

.  -T 

.01 

+ 

+ 

.  I;! 

-1 

.07 

+ 

.07 

-1 

.  nil 

+  1 

.11 

+ 

.7(i 

— 

.  ;i.s 

+1 

.10  ' 

+ 

.  i:i 

+ 

.  -M 

4- 

.:>i 

— 

:ii 

+ 

.47 

o-.> 

— 

01! 

+ 

74 

+ 

(1.! 

+ 

."■.o 

+ 

7S 

+ 

M 

+ 

IM 

+ 

•JO 

+ 

ti-.' 

+ 

:<-i 

+ 

•J7 

+ 

:i;i  ' 

+ 

.74    ; 

+ 

.oa  1 

1 

«  Ct'plu'i... 

II  l>('l])Iiini  . 

(I  Cvgni-. .. 

II  A<|narli  .. 

(>l '  Cygni 

k     t'.VgiO 

II  Ci'pliri  .  .. 

,i  Acpnirii  .. 

//  (N'plii'i  ... 

F  Aqnarii  .. 

('     I'l'RaHi 

li!  IVgaM  ... 

II  Ai|narii  .. 

('  Aipnirii  .. 

;.  Aijnarii  .. 

ll-  ("I'plii'i  .   . 

V  Aipnirii  .. 

v"  I'.'ga.si  ... 

//  IVgasi  ... 

I  Coplii'i  . .. 

>  Aipiarii  .. 

II  ri'gasi  . . . 
ri  (Vplli'i  . .. 
/  ]'i8runn  .. 
;  Oi'plu'i  . .. 

ij  ritteium.. 


.S'dini  aoulh  of  —  lo^. 


()    Ci'fi 

I'.riilani  ... 
l.i'pnris  ... 
Can.  .Majciri 
AignB 

Cratrris  ... 

Corvi 

I.ilniB 

Scorpii . ... 
(I     Sriirpii 

44  Opliiiielii .  . 

/i'  Sagiltarii  . 

4;i  Sagiltarii   . 

II-  Caprii'orni 

0  Tin.  Au»t  . . 


[38] 


+  .04 
+  .74 

—  .  y  1 

—  1.74 

+1.4d 

—  .04 
+  .10 
+   .0(1 

—  .Oil 
-1.04 

+  .11 
+  .'Jl 

+  .  04 

—  A<-i 

+  .  WJ 

—  .15 

—  .;i:i 
+  .ti,'-. 
+  .4:! 
+  .10 

— l.'J7 

+  .--il 
-f  l.,''>7 
+  .0-J 
+  .11! 

—  .!« 


—  .08 

—  .11 

+  .  i;» 

+  .:i'J 

—  .0- 

—  .(W 
+  .:!4 

-f  .Oli 
+  1.40 

+  .00 

—  ..IS 
+  .  02 

— ;!.  -M 

+  .0:! 


NoTK — Till'  catalogut'  lor  l->7li  wiia  not  ri'ii'ivi'd  in  time  to  bo  usoil  iu  furmiug  tho  nbovo  corrct'tiona, 
but  is  usi'd  lator  in  inaking  up  (',,  I'oi  Hi  7'.'. 


,  tkim>~— 


[391 


KEl'OKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTHOXUMEU,  APPENDIX  11.         445 


111  forming  tlio  corrections,  ii  few  polar  distances  inarkcd  in  llie  catalofjucs  as 
(lotibtfiil.  or  to  be  rejected,  witli  a  few  which  result  solely  from  observations  below  tho 
pole  at  jjreat  zenith  distaiu-es,  'vere  not  used.  The  weii;hfs  of  a  few  others  were 
n'dneed  in  forming;  the  means,  on  ac<",oiint  of  nniisiial  discordance,  or  because  the  cat- 
alofjue  p.  d.  is  made  u\>  partly  of  mibpolo  determiiiationa  at  zenith  distances  over  70°. 

Ill  general,  the  results  are  far  less  exact  than  we  should  have  expected  from  tho 
circumstances.  Thouyih  the  instruinciit  i.»'  of  the  iion  reversible  pattern,  the  relation 
of  the  telescope  to  the  divided  circle  can  .le  altered  at  pleasure;  yet  this  jirecautioii 
was  exercised  but  once,  at  the  bcjiiiininf?  of  1870.  It  would  bo  impossible  to  detail  the 
various  systematic!  corrections  which  have  been  applied  in  tiio  reiluctions  from  ti mo 
to  time.  The  division  error  was  determined  on  the  assumption  that  the  mean  of  S 
microscopes  is  free  from  error,  and  a  correction  ap|)lied  after  1802.  The  values  of 
liori/oiital  llexnio  as  adopted  in  redn(!tioiis  have  varied  from  +  I'M.'J  to  +  li".S2. 
The  dependence  on  the  time  is  not  marked,  the  adopted  value  in  18(il.'-"(i;{  bein}» 
+  '2".');  and  in   lS71-'7.'5,  +  2".S.    In  KSOL'-'tt.i-'lit  and  '07,  corrections  were  aiiplieil 


for 


R-J) 


Various  corrections  were  apiilicd  for  discordance  of  zenith  points,  deter- 


mined by  nadirs  and  by  reflection  observations,  etc.  The  refrai-tions  are  those  deduced 
by  ilohnson,  and  used  in  the  KadclilVe  ficiieral  calalofjues.  To  show  the  variety  of 
practice  in  reducing  the  observations,  we  have  the  following  table  of  latitudes  adopted 
in  reductions;- 


V.';.i-. 

Ail(i|)ti'il  l:ili:ii(li>. 

Y.Mr. 

A.lni 

Ill)  liititiiili'. 

I -■»;•-' 

:\    1.-,    ;:.-..  S-. 

l.SI'.t 

., 

1".   ;ir...|-j 

i-(i.i 

:).•).  7:1 

i-i;i 

:i."i.  r,() 

I -TO 

■M\.  20 

i-ri.'i 

:!.">.  ','?< 

1-71 

;i.\si 

If'lKl 

:i(i.  :>;> 

l-7>.' 

:!(i.  tu; 

lMi7 

:i.'>,  !M> 

l-7:i 

:!i ;.'.!:( 

i?t;8 

:s('i.  10 

M 


m 


^I'l 


. -!■ 


The  groups  indicate  pericxls  for  wliitth  the  zenithal  circle  readings  were  the  same. 

Pa  •(."(.  The  catalogue  results  are  used  without  change.  The  in.->trument  used  in 
these  observations  is  of  peculiar  construction,  and  in  many  respects  superior  to  any 
yet  employed  in  meridian  observations  lor  the  i)urpose  of  deducing  standard  decli 
nations.  The  results  liiic  those  of  Kg  L'l,  Dl  L'l,  and  .\o  L'!)  are  Independent  in  <>veiy 
essential  respect,  and  are  .such  as  to  inspire  the  highest  coiilldeiice. 

Ah  II  and  Ah  .'iL'.  It  was  decided  to  use  the  Armagh  places  for  ISU)  as  two  cata- 
logues. The  lirst  includes  tho  observations  IS.id-lSKi;  (he  second,  lSI7-18r)l. 
Where  a  star  had  been  observed  in  both  periods,  the  separation  was  accoinpliNl'cd  in 
this  manner.  In  the  section  entitled  "OlisciMd  Places  of  Stars,'' |»p.  I  to  010,  liio 
iiieans,  for  each  i)eriod,  of  corrections  to  the  assumed  jiolar  distance  (liiat  of  .\.  S.  (\, 
II.  A.  O.,  etc  \  were  taken.  Tho  mean  of  all  the  results  was  then  subliaelcd  IVoin  tho 
separate  means;  tho  results  are  corrections  to  the  catalogue  jtolar  distances  for  the 
respective  periods.  In  tho  majority  of  instances  all  tho  observations  of  a  given  star 
are  einbraccd  in  one  or  the  other  of  the  two  periods.     No  correction  for  nutation  was 


446 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDERV  IJOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


[40] 


IH  m 


nppliod.    Tlu'  «•<.:  loffUQ  |>lac('s  nrc  rodunoil  witliout  proper  motion  exco])t  in  a  few 

<'asi's  .peciricd  by  J)r.  liobitisoii  in  Axt.  Kacli.  Ix,  7;").    The  proper  correction  Ims  been 

ciirefnlly  ii|)plic(l. 

WASHINGTON  MUKAL  CIECLE,  1845-1873. 

Tiie  most  of  this  series,  tojjcther  with  oUservations  of  meridian  circle,  meridian 
transit,  and  'uiine  vertical  transit,  have  been  compiled  in  a  peneral  eatalofrue*  for  tho 
epoch  18(50,  i/V  Professor  Yarnall.  I'or  the  present  jiuriiMse  it  is  desirable  to  separate 
the  work  of  the  various  iiislMiniciits,  and  to  combine  the  work  of  the  mnral  circle  into 
snch  convenient  pronps  as  aiijiear  to  be  advisable.  The  error  of  division  of  this 
instrnnient  thongli  not  inveslit;ated  is  nndonbtedl.v  small,  and  to  jirovide  ajiainst 
error  lidin  this  and  other  can.'ics  the  iiosiiion  of  tlie  telescope  on  the  circle  was  IVe- 
qncntly  changed. 

Wn  47.  The  declinations  arc  rcducid  in  ISI.T  with  Lindcnau's  natation;  in  the 
three  Ibllowing  years  with  that  of  the  I!.  A.  C.  and  to  epoch,  0  =  281°.  The  correc- 
tions arc : — 

184.")     4-  ".L'l  sin  (a  4-  ai."AL') 

1840    +  ".0,->  sin  («  +  244°    ) 

1847  +  ".(Mi  sin  {«  +  L^ll-^    ) 

1848  +  "(Hi  sin  («  +  L'47o    ) 

Tho  proper  motions  employed  in  the  leductions  arc  thos(>  of  N.  A.,  1848,  and 
7>.  A.  ('.  After  1845  the  di  cilinations  are  reduced  to  18,"t(l,  so  that  the  correct i.;:>  is 
often  coin  iderable. 

The  latitude  which  resnlts  from  the  observations  of  circumpolar  stars  in  184.1,  and 
which  is  adopted  in  subsequent  years,  is  smaller  by  ".25  than  that  actually  em|)loyed 
in  the  icduclions  of  1815.  Ai cordinjtly,  the  correction  —  ".25  has  been  applied  to  the 
catalofiue  declinations  of  that  year,  reversing'  the  si^n  wlure  the  declination  results 
IVom  observations  below  tiie  ])ole. 

The  circle  was  used  in  thirty  difl'erent  positions,  relative  to  the  zeniti:,  in  184f» ; 
in  1S4(1  and  1S47  the  zeiiilh  reading  remained  the  same,  and  was  again  changed  at 
the  beginning  of  184S.  The  jjidcess  (if  eonibinalion  is  as  follows  :  The  declinations 
of  184(!  ami  1847  are  conibiiied  with  wi'ights  propoilional  to  the  number  (.f  observa- 
tions; to  the  resulting  declinations  lor  1845,  184()-'47  and  1848  weights  are  assigned 
according  to  this  table  : 


Weiglit. 

Niimlicrol). 
BcrvatiiiiiB. 

W.M«llt. 

Niuiilu'i-  iilisorva- 

tioilH. 

1 
2 

u.  r, 

1        4 

1 

1 

.J 

;t 

4 
&ti)7 

(■) 

7 

» tu  n. 

!i  to  l(i. 

17  toaii. 
'j7  to  r.o. 

51  1111(1  ii;iwar<l. 

Wn  i)C.  The  simiile  mean  'i  the  M'parate  I'esulls  in  all  the  years  is  taken  without 
correction.    I'rofessor  Hall  {AkI,  KccIi.,  VMl)  finds  the  correction  +  ".10  to  the  lati- 

*  '  CatiitdKlU'  111'  (.t.iis  .iliM  ivnl  Ml  tlic  I'liitcd  Plates  Naval  Olncivntniy  diiiiii};  tlic  years  l>*lit  to 
1871."    Apiieiiilix  III..  Vv  asliinKli'ii  Aslidiioinieal  Oli^ervaliuiix  lor  l-Tl. 


[  ^!5fl»»^ 


iMIHIUiJMHiaillUII  umM 


[41] 


KKPOllT  OV  THE  CHIKF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  II. 


447 


tii(l(^  actually  uspil  in  reductions  (.'?S0  TkV  ^".25).    TIio  rcaiiltiiiff  correction  to  dccli- 
atioiis,  I  have  not  used. 

Wn  (!4.  All  tlio  declinations  must  be  ('orrected  for  tlie  lull  amount  of  jtroper 
motion — that  of  «  L.vra  in  ISCrJ  excepted.  Tln^  hititiide  assumed  in  the  reductions 
should  he  corrected  hy  —  ".47,  accordirifi;  to  the  discussion  by  Professor  Newcoirih.* 
I  li.U((  a[H)lied  to  all  declinations  aliovo  the  pole  the  correction  —".47;  and  to  all 
helow,  +  ".47.  To  all  the  declinations  by  direct  observations  in  l.SOI  and  1S()2,  I  have 
ap|)lied  the  correction,  —".21  for  discordance  of  direct  and  reilecl*'d  observations,  on 
the  autlujrity  of  the  di.scussion,  [).  .\xx,  Wash.  Ast.  OUs.  JSO.i.  In  combination,  the 
\vei;thts  were  taken  from  the  table,  jiiven  in  Wash.  Obs.,  1.S04,  p.  xli,  which  is  hero 
?.      lAi  for  reference: 


WHght. 

Niniilicr  (if  oIist'i-validiiH  in  dilli'r- 
I'ltt  years. 

IHiil-'li'J. 

l~i;:i. 

■j'lir  :!. 
1  ti.7. 

K  til  -Jd. 
AlMiv.saO. 

1 

B 

1  ill- -J  .... 
AIn)Vr  Vj  . . 

I  DI'J   .... 

;i  to  r>  .... 

Aluivr  i'l. . 

4 

:>  . 

Wii  7(t.  All  declinations  :\rc  corrcttted  tor  full  amoinit  of  proper  motion.  In  1872 
ami  l.S7.'i  the  assumed  latitude  is  ;i>SO  5.J' ;!S".S,  and  this  is  ".4.")  .^-nndler  than  that  of 
l)re\ious  years.  +  ".4.~i  is  applied  as  a  correction  to  the  catalojjne  declinations  of 
1,S72-7.S. 

Ho  51.  The  declinations  of  the  catalojiuc' are  used  without  alteration. 

So  ;■).">.  Piopei'  motions  were  employeil  by  Miista  In  a  few  cases  only.  These  an* 
spicilicd  on  p.  xli,  Int.    The  nutation  correction  is  that  of  (Je  .Vi. 

Ps  53.  The  declinations  of  the  catalo^iui  are  used  without  chaii};e.  The  position 
of  the  telescoiK^  on  the  circle  was  twice  changed  diiriiifr  the  observations  of  this  series. 
There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  observations  are  fxce|>li()nally  free  fnun  crrois 
due  to  the  instrument  ((ranil)ey  circle).  The  error  of  division  apjx'ais  to  have  been 
small  (vide  Lanuier's  catalogue,  p.  55,  and  C'ompl.  L'cml.,  Idiik  ,  xxvii,  p.  O.i.'!). 

No  sensible  llexuri>  is  indi(;atcd  by  the  few  rellection  observations  which  were  taken. 
Caillet's  refraci  ionsf  were  adopted  in  the  r(  (bulions,  and  the  numerous  observations  of 
eircumpoiar  stars  do  not  indicate  any  ennsideraole  correction  to  thi'm. 

I'AKIS  A.N.M'Al.  ('.VrAI.Olll.'i:s,  lS-||-Vi7. 

The  declinations  of  the  anniuil  catalogues  ic'(piire  no  sensible  correction.  TTiitil 
l.S()2  the  (iambey  nniral  circle  was  used  alom-.  i\('*"r  that  tinu'  thi^  declinations  depend 
principally  upon  observations  made  with  the  ^r(>at  meridian  circle.  The  i)osilion  of  the 
tclesciipe  on  the  circle  was  eliaii;,fed  in  September,  1S57.  A  comi)aiisiin  between  results 
(ibtaiiied  before  and  after  this  tinu-  shows  lliat  there  is  a  constant  dilVeieiK^e,  aiiionnlin^r, 
appriixiinately,  to  ".L'5.  In  ISti.'J  ami  l.Slit  'Ik.  tiansit  circh^  was  used  without  any  cor- 
rection forl'exure;  afterward  the  correction  —  ".7('siu  /was  applied  in  the  reductions. 


*  Apiicndix  111  Wa^hin^liin  Ast  iiiiiiiin  leal  Olweival  iiiiiH  fol'  lS(i.|. 
I  .\ilililiiiiiH  S  la  Ciiiiii.  ill's  Iririps,  l".'il. 


f!l 


^ai 


n: 


i 

i 

1    . 

'  t 

1  I 

i  1 

I 

1  . 

448 


UNITED  STATES  NORTnElJN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION'. 


\V2 


Ooniparisoti  of  the  rcstilts  obtaiiicil  by  the  two  f.irclcs,  when  used  in  coininoi), 
shows  no  ii|)pr('ciiil)le  systcmiitic^  (liiTc^it'iit'i'  liotwwn  tlieni. 

Tiio  (U'clinations  are  not  independent — tli(^  pohir  points  beinn  derived  I roni  obser- 
vations of  tlio  Btars  of  a  stainlaid  eatah);;iie,  the  piaees  of  whi<'h  are  revised  IVoni  time 
to  time  on  the  authority  of  the  o!)servati()ns  tln'inselves.  'i'iie  process  is  analo};oiis  to 
that  coMiniotily  adopted  in  tiie  deterininalion  of  ri^lit  j'.s(;ensioiis. 

The  separaie  results  inaliin*;  np  eacii  of  the  four  nionps — l.Sr)l-'.">7,  l.S.lS-'tJl!,  l,S(;,'i- 


'(il,  and   l8(i5-'(»7,  are  eonil)ined  Willi  weifjhis  ]>roportional  to  the 
ti'ins. 


nuniher  o 


f  obi 


The  observed  declinations  of  stars,  not  included  in  (he  J'aris  standard  eatalojjne. 
are  not  conveniently  aecessil)le,  and  the  ap|)areut  places  for  the  days  of  observation 
only  are  given,     ('onsequently  they  have  been  used  oidy  in  a  lew  special  cases. 


ni{f.ssi;bs  ANN'i;.\L  (  atai.ocmi'.s. 

The  declinations  of  these  (-atalofiues  are  unall'ccted  by  the  reduction  for  jiroper 
motion,  except  for  stars  of  the  JSiilish  Nautical  Almanac.  J  have  applied  the  proper 
correction.  The  nutation  correction  for  1S."),"(  and  IS.jti  is  identical  willi  that  of  Cam- 
')rid;:e  for  correspoiidiiif;  years. 

The  correction  for  division  was  not  apjilicd  until  I.s."i7.  'l'lioUf,'h  there  is  no  appre- 
ciable alteration  in  methods  during  the  ))eriod  1.S57  to  I, S(17,  the  observations  were 
divided  into  two  nearly  equal  };rou|i,>-' — IMT-'O^,  180;!-"()7 — by  which  means  {jreiiter 
accuracy  is  secured  in  the  solution  of  co'  dilional  e(;uations  according  to  the  adopted 
mclliod.  This  is  the  more  to  be  desired  becaus(^  the  Itrussels  series  (contains  numerous 
observations  of  stars  {,'enerally  lu'filected,  elsewhere,  in  recent  times. 

The  eombiualion  of  the  ,separat(>  years  in  each ')f  the  three  f;roups  was  effected 
by  means  of  weifihts  strictly  proportional  to  tlie  numlxT  of  observations. 

C  (i  II  oS.  The  proper  motions  employed  in  this  catalof;ue  are  usually  very  near 
those  assumed  in  this  paper.  Whcie  this  corr<'cliiiu  becimies  sensible  it  has  been 
applied.  The  instrument  is  a  duplicate  of  the  (ireeiiwieh  transit  circle,  and  is  of  course, 
subject  to  the  same  theoretical  objections.  Mr.  Stone  suspects  iliat  the  zenitii  distances 
fjiven  by  this  iustrinncnt  require  a  considerabh'  collect  ion*,  wh.ch  is  i)roporlional  to 
cos  /,  This  will  tend  to  throw  suspicion  upon  the  results  of  the  discussion  of  refraction 
coirection  in  introduction  to  the  ('ai)e  catalogue  (p.  x).  This  discussion  iiulicatcs  that, 
Iic.ssel's  icl'ractions  should  be  multi|>lie(I  by  .!)!)5.'(  in  order  to  correspond  to  the  obser- 
vations of  circumijolar  stars,  but  i;o  use  is  made  of  this  result  by  Mr.  Slone  in  forming 
the  catalogue. 

MetiL'.  The  small  corrections  foi' dinereuee  between  assumed  and  catalogue  (Main's) 
;'''oper  motions  have  been  applied,  also  the  table  of  (corrections  for  llexurc,  eic,  given  in 
the  (catalogue  (p.  xxi,  int.).  The  instrument  u.scd  in  these,  and  subsequent  meridian 
observatioiis  at  ^Ielbournt>,  is  similar  in  most  respects  to  the  (Ireeuwich  transit  circle. 
It  is  much  sii'aller,  however,  and  there  are  only  lour  circle  microscopes. 

During  t'le  i)eriod  ciubraee(t  in  Me  (ii;  the  instiument  was  u.scd  at  Williamstown, 
a  sluut  distaiKce  from  its  present  site.    The  instrumental  reductions  are  very  uncertain, 


MiMitli.  No'.  I{.  A.  ,S.,  vol.  it;i,  p.  (i'.). 


ll.'U 


KHI'Oin   OF  TIIIO  CIIIKI'  ASTUOiNOMI";!;,  AIM'KNDIX   II. 


449 


and  llic  circiiirisliiiiccs  were  iinhivoi'iil)!!'  lor  iiccmriiti'  wwU.  'I'lic  (Iccliiialioiis  arc  prob- 
ably Miiicli  inlcrior  to  lluisc  oblaiiii'd  witli  tiic  .same  iiistriiincul  at  McIIidmi  iic. 

i\lo  08.  Tim  c-atalo^iK^  polar  tlisianccs  arc  reduced  to  IS70,  willi  jiropcr  iiiotioiis, 
which  scliloiii  dlH'cr  inucli  Ironi  tiio.sc  olSi'ctioii  II.  Ilo\V(^vcr,  llic  rcsuitiiif,'  siiiaii  coi'- 
rcctions  liavc  been  careluiiy  applied.  Foilo\viii;j;  Ww.  disciissian  by  Mr.  10.  .1.  Sloiio 
(Moiilli.  Not.,  \ol.  1!S,  p.  L'7),  the  deeiiratiohH  art^  reduced  by  Mi'.  I'dlery  on  llic  assuriip- 
tion  that  lor  .stais  enlaiinatin;;  nortli  of  Melb()iirn(^  /enitli,  l>essei'.s  rclraction.s  slionl<l 
b(^  nmlliplied  by  .',l!)0!>,  and  for  Ntar.s  Mouth  l)y  .!)!l(i.!.  The  latter  ninnber  results  from 
observations  ol'cir(aHn|iolar  star.sat  Melbourne,  tli(>.  former  from  comparison  with  (ireen- 
wich  declinations,  ISftT-'t).").  From  circMm|)ohir  stars  J)r.  (lyldcn  has  found  .'.IKTIS  {V. 
.1.  S.  lid.,  iv,  lOL'),  and  arguments  derived  from  a  consideration  of  Cape  of  (iood  Hope, 
and  St.  Helena  declinations,  compared  with  those  of  northern  ob,scr\'ations,  incline  him 
to  the  bcliel'  that  there  may  be  a  real  dillerencH',  in  tli(!  refiaclioiis  for  the  two  sidcH  »>f 
the  zenith  at  Melboui'iu-,  (houj^h  the  cpu'stion  is  nineh  obscured  by  th(^  uncertainly  as 
to  division  error  and  llexnre  of  the  instrnnu'iil.  Tlu>  instrument  beiiiH'  uonrcversibic 
we  must  renuiin  in  i^'n(>rane(^  as  tu  liu^  auiount  of  cosimt  llexnre,  and  while  this  uu(M>r- 
faiiity  remains  it  will  be  dilllcidt  to  draw  decided  conclusions  about  rcfrai'tion,  espe- 
cially when  \v(>  (U)nsider  the  necesi-iarily  lai'^e  probable  error  of  refraction  determina- 
tions at  the  latitude  of  iMclbourne.  'J'he  comparison  of  \N'asliin{;ton  and  ^Alelbourne 
(p.  <i(;)  thiows  some  further  lij^ht  on  the  matter. 

Dn(W.  The  declinations  taken  (nnuAnl.  Audi.,  17l!i,  are  uscdwilhoul  chauf;e;  those 
fiom  the  sixth  volume  of  l>oun  observations  are  corrected  for  the  lull  amount  of  proper 
motion,  anti  for  the  (|uantities  (applicable  to  dcclinalious,  clamp  east)  in  the  following 
table,  which  is  ().\tracte(l  from  the  introduelion  to  the  volume  in  (|ueslion  (|i.  xiv): — 


('i)i'i'ec(ioii. 


— 

..M     1 

;!:, 

— 

.17 

•ir. 

, — 

.liH     1 

.'•!.■. 

_^. 

.•.'()     ' 

i;.'> 

-1- 

.(M)     i 

<•> 

+ 

.  ■■■.l 

Kt 

lliinci- 

inn. 

+  • 

17 

-1-  ■ 

iV-i 

+  . 

TiO 

+  • 

i:i 

-1-  • 

i:t 

n ! 


When  tluM'lamp  is  west  the  sij;n  of  the  correelion  must  lie  reversed.  The  deeli- 
nalious  depend  esscutiaily  upon  those  of  the  IJerliii  ./((/(c/ufc/f  (Wolfer's). 

Le,  (i(i.  The  declinations  must  be  (!orrecte<l  for  the  full  amount  of  jtroper  motion, 
none  haviiiLj  been  employed  in  the  reductions.  TiKMlccliiuitions  are  fouiHled  .syste- 
matically upon  the  slaiulard  eatalo^'iU'  of  the  (jeruuui  Astronondcal  Soc  iety  (V.  .(.  S., 
iv,  .SL'I).' 

liii  (17.  A  few  small  eorii cl  ions  for  proper  motion  lunc  been  applied.  In  trans- 
cribing the  de(;linatiuiis  from  this  scries,  the<irilerof  pit'lerence  has  been — lirsl,  .l.si'. 
Ndcli.,  I!)I)L!;  second,  cireiuuiiolar  stars,  p.  |lll],  second  volume  l.cideu  Obs,;  lhir<I, 
Ironi  the  ea(alof,'ne  of  (IriidiiifKunn;/  stars,  p.  (Il-'ol  //.*/(/. 

Thi^  stai's  of  the  (Irinlmistiinifi  r.iUAo'^nv  <U'\h'Ui\  upon  readiaj^s  of  circle  /)aloue;  for 
the  others  both  cin:les  were  used.  l''>cce|itioniil  ciin^  appears  to  iiavc  heea  exercised  both 
N  1) '-••• 


jf  i 


il\\ 


i]  ''!l 


I 


4rK»  I  NITKl)  STATKH  NOKTIIIiltN    ItOlINDAItY  COMMISSION. 


lit! 


in  till'  ()l)si  rvatioiis  iiiul  llicir  riMlnctioiis.  Tlie  instnimciit  is  of  tin-  revcrsihlc  iiattcin, 
1111(1,  wlu'ic  |)i;u'tic:il)li',  iMiiiiii  iMiinlicis  of  obsiTvatiiiiis  iiavi-  lu-i'ii  taivcii  in  t'acli  of  tlin 
lour  ])iKsiiii;iis— flainp  casi  (dir.  and  ivl.),  claiiiii  wt'st  (ilir.  and  id'.).  Tin'  error  ofdivisioii 
lor  every ."»'  mark  on  botli  eircles  lias  lieen  ascertained.  The  eorre(ttioiis  lor  llexure,  and 
to  assaaied  latitude  and  relVaclion  eonslant,  are  tlioroa;;hl,v  discasseil  aeeordin^  to  the 
methods  ol'  Uessel.  The  Giailmcunitii;/  stars  were  each  observed  ixteen  limes — the 
others  mneh  more  I'reiinendy. 

i;i;sii.T.s()i-()iisi:i;v.vnii\s  loi;  declixatidn  jiadi;  with  iiii;  \v,\<iiin(itox  tijans'  ' 

C'IKCLK  von  Vl'.AKS  l-ilil-lsM. 

These  are  iirinled  in  the  aunnal  volumes  ol  tiie  Tnited  States  Naval  Observatory 
I'or  the  lespective  years,  an<l  have  been  taken  Irom  the  se<tions  entitled  "Corrections 
to  the  sl.ir  piisitions  ol'  the  .Vinerican  lOiihemeris,"  etc.,  and  "  Positions  of  Miscellaneons 
Slars,"  etc.  I  ha\t'  not  nsed  the  resalts  obtained  l)y  rrofessor  Newcomb,  lioai  the 
observations  of  ISOii  and  ISIJT,  and  published  in  Appendix  HI.  of  the  Washington 
volume  for  l-SdT,  nor  tlie  annual  eatalo^^ues  in  the  later  volumes. 

Nolwitlistandin;;'  llie  larui'  jirobable  error  of  its  sin<fle  determinations,  this  series 
api)ears  to  lie  worthy  of  iiartienlar  attention,  both  on  aceoiuit  of  the  ^;reat  vari<'ty  of 
<'ircninstanees  under  which  the  observations  were  taken,  and  because  the  instriMuent 
under  consideration  is  in  latitude  nearly  IP  farther  south  than  any  other  in  the 
northern  hemisphere  which  has  been  used  for  important  independent  detenuimitions 
of  declination  in  recent  times. 

Tlu'  instrunu'ut,  one  of  the  lart;est  of  ils  class,  is  easily  reversed.  It  has  two 
linely  divided  circles,  denominated  respectively  A  and  15.  Circle  A  was  read  in  18(i(i  and 
15  ill  subsc(]iu'iit  years.  In  the  Washington  volume  for  1S(!,")  will  be  found  an  elaborato 
and  exhaustive  treatise  by  Professor  Newcomb  relatin;;;  to  the  Iheory  of  errors  of  the 
transit  circle,  and  in  the  same  ■•oniicction  a  practical  api)lication  of  the  principles 
derived,  to  the  parlicular  case  tif  the  \Vashin,utoii  transit  circle.  The  division  eorrec- 
I ion  of  each  circle  is  ascertained  witii  jireat  caie  at  intervals  of  single  dcfjrees :  the 
corrections  I'or  Uexnre  of  circles  and  telescope  are  examined,  so  f.ir  as  the  same  was 
practicable  without  recourse  to  celestial  observation.  The  reductions  of  siibsc(iuent 
,\ears  assume  the  accuracy  of  these  investif;ations.  The  instrument  is  usually  reversed 
at  the  lie^iniiiii;;  of  each  calendar  year,  and  at  vaiions  times  the  circle  is  sliilled  rela- 
tively to  the  telescope,  so  that  a  h'^'*'"  polar  distance  will  de|iend  up.>ii  dilVereiit 
divisions  in  diU'erent  years.  The  only  exception  is  in  the  .\cais  1S71  and  ISTl.',  which, 
for  practical  purposes,  may  be  ii'sarded  as  the  w<irk  of  a  siii};le  year.  The  zenith 
points  until  .lime,  I.S(I7,  were  mainly  derived  from  observations  of  leveled  collimators; 
alter  that  iieriod  from  observations  of  the  nadir.  A  few  observations  by  rellection 
were  taken,  but  alter  the  lirst  three  years  the  niimlierof  these  is  so  scanty  that  no 
reliable  discussion  of  iiistiumental  iieciiliarities  can  be  based  upon  (heir  testimony. 
r>esides  the  correcl  ions  foi  division  and  llcMiie  in  each  jcar,  ceitain  corrections  derived 
from  the  observations  I'or  jiolar  distance  are  aiiplicd  for  discordance  of  direct  and 
reflected  observations  and  for  error  of  assumed  latitude,  so  that,  in  elfc-ct,  the  results 
t)f  separate  years  are  essentially  independent  and  in  a  certain  sense  ab.>-olute. 

lVrli:i)s  the  most  reniaikable  feature  in  the  method  of  reduction  pursued  throuj^h- 
out  this  series  is  the  assumption  of  a  comparatively  sudden  change  near  IliozenitU 


[.»r,i 


UEFOUT  OF  TIJi:  CIIIKK  AHTUONOMHIi,  APPENDIX  11.  151 


ill  tlie  corroctioii  for  disfonlaiice  ol'  direct  and  riflictcd  oliscrvatioiiH.    Tiiis  coiit'ctioii 

is  assumed  to  be  constant  I'l !H)0  (o  ,-,o  luirtjicin  zenitii  distanee,  and  troni  ".a  to  !IOO 

soutlieiii  nenitli  distance,  ditleient  values  of  tiie  correction  beiii;,'  applied  aeeordiii},'  as 
the  object  observed  is  north  or  south.    Ik'tweeii  the  \wUn  '>°  north  and  that  which  is 
i>°  south  tile  value  of  the  correction  is  interpolated.     If  we  denote  by— 
JZ  the  corrections  actually  ai)plie<l  to  polar  distances  between  rp  and  00°  zenith  dis- 
tance south, 
JZ'  the  correspondiiif;  correction  for  polar  distances  between  the  limits  b°  and  90° 

zenith  distance  north, 
we  have  for  separate  years  the  followiiif;  values  of  JZ—JZ'. 


18tiG 
18(}7 
1808 
]8(i9 


~  ".47 

—  ".()() 

—  ".(is 

—  ".18 


1870 

1871-li 

1873 

1871 


+  ".;u 

|".00| 

-  ".-lli 

—  ".82 


The  difl'erenco  for  1871-L'  was  actually  found  to  be  —I".!."),  but  its  improbable 
may;nitudu  led  to  its  rejection.  Consideration  of  the  values  of  latitude  derived  from 
the  observations  of  separate  years,  as  well  from  reQectcd  as  diiei;t  observations,* 
strenjj;tliens  the  belief  that-  too  nuieli  reliance  has  been  jilaced  upon  the  results  of  the 
former.  In  view  of  the  precautions  which  were  taken,  the  adoption  of  a  sudden  varia- 
tion in  the  correction  applicable  to  i)olar  distances  near  the  zenitli  is  at  least  open  to 
grave  objections,  while  the  persistence  in  the  sign  oi  JZ—JZUUnwa  the  entire  history 
of  the  circle  thus  far,  renders  it  highly  i)robablf  that  the  discordance  in  ipiestion  has 
been  produced  inaiiily  by  causes  which  arc  independent  of  the  instrument  itself,  and 
which  aW'ect,  i>erhaps  chiefly,  if  not  entirely,  observations  by  rttlection.  Moreover,  the 
final  results  of  separate  years,  as  i)riiited,  exliibit  considerable  systematic  discordances. 
I  therefore  resolved  to  investigate  the  relative  accuracy  of  the  results  tor  separate 
years,  and,  with  certain  lueliniiiiary  assumptions,  to  derive  if  possiltle  from  the  obser- 
vations themselves  .systematic  corrections,  which  should  appear  theoretically  admis- 
sible, and  which  might  at  the  same  time  produce  a  tolerable  degree  of  harmony.  It 
appeared  to  me  that  this  would  be  (nacticable  only  in  the  ease  of  the  earlier  years, 
there  being  after  18(i8  few  oliservations  of  stars  at  lower  transit  or  by  n  tlection. 

In  1800  the  instrnnient  was  dismounted  and  placi'd  in  a  new  room  especially 
designed  for  its  use.  In  1870  the  object-glass  was  reground  and  other  important 
chai.gcs  accomplished.  These  and  other  considerations  have  led  to  a  division  of  the 
entile  series  into  two  distinct  portions,  viz  : 

Wii  OS,  embracing  the  years  180G-18G9. 
Wn  7l>,  years  1870-1871. 
Wn  (IS. 
The  following  notation  is  adopted  : 

Z  =  Zenitli  distance,  reckoned  from  0°  to  oOtP  in  usual  direction. 
J  Zz=  Ivciiuircd  constant  correction  for  a  given  ,\ear  to  direct  zenith  distances,  as 
adopted  and  corrected  liii'  division  error. 
J)  =  Coneetion  for  tiivision  error,  tak<'ii  from  tables  §  72  of  description  of  transit 
circle,  Wn.  Ast.  Obs.,  180r>. 

"  .Seo  p.  Ixxviii.  Intioilui'ticm  to  Wasliinnton  ARtrononiiciil  OliHiTVii'ioiiH  for  1><7.1. 


It 


t      I 

I'-i 


1 1 


If 


462 


(INITKI)  ai'xVfKS  NOHTllKUN  UOUNDAUV  COMMISHION. 


■Mil 


7"  =  Polar  (listaiH'o  of  Ainoriciin  KplionuTis.    For  direct  obaervatious  counted 

rniui  tP  to  ;!()0O. 
Jp  =:  Collection  yivcn  to  1"  l),v  a  sin;;l(!  oljscrvatlon  of  jjoiar  distance  as  printed 
in  tlic  colnnin  entitled  "  JMisci'llaneons  Conei'tions,"  in  tlie  sections  enti- 
tled "Oliseivalioiis  witli  llu^  Transit  Circle;"  liiit  this  desij^nation  is  also 
applied  to  the  same  (luantity  when  corrected  lov  oralti  and  certain  cor- 
rections reiinired  t)y  some  of  the  zenith  points  of  IStiT  iiinl  18(i8, 

J 1 ,  .=  Jlean  of  n  values  of  Jp.    iJoes  not  inclnde  division  correction. 

J  /•  =  J  /',  +  /). 

/'and  r,  for  stars  not  in  Am.  I''|)li,  correspond  to  7"  +  J  /'and  /"  -f  J  /',. 
/•'=:  llori/ontal,  or  sine  llexure. 
/'■'  =  Zenithal,  or  cosine  llexure. 

J  ^-^  =  ( 'orrection  to  assumed  latitude,  —  .'iso  ,-.;i'  ;i,S".80. 
,"  and  //  =  ("oniputed  refractions,  respectively  for  the  upper  and  lower  cnlminatlons  of 

a  j;iven  star. 
(I  — /,)  =  Fa(!tor  by  which  these  ninat  he  midtiplied  to  briiifj  them  in  accordances 
with  observation  of  circunipolar  stars. 
The  true  probable  error  of  any  final  result  for  a  given  star  in  a  sin},'le 

position  of  the  circle,  is  supposed   to  be  of  the  usual  form    1:,^+  '  • 
where — 
c  =  I'robablo  error  of  a  sinj^le  pointinj;,  or  that  part  of  the  error  which  dimin- 
ishes accordinj;  to  the  value  of    ,-:  and 

Vll 

£,  =  Probable  error  for  a  siuRlo  position  of  the  instrument  when  ii  is  infinite. 
;  is  supposed  to  increase  with  the  zenith  distance  according  to  the  law 
;-  =  :,/  -f-  £■„,'-  trtii'^  /;  where 
s,,  =  value  of  c  when  /  =  0;  and — 
-,„  =  arbitrary  constant. 
r'  =  \Veijj;ht,  the  probable  error  of  whose  mat  is  /,'. 

Whenever  it  is  necessary  to  limit  the  a])plicalion  of  the  above  quantities 

to  a  particular  year  or  mode  of  observation  it  is  effected  by  adduig  to  the 

expression  for  the  quantity  the  desif;nations  (!(!,  (17,  (iS,  00,  or  (I>ir),  (Hel), 

etc.    These  designations  are  omitted  in  many  ea.scs  where  no  ambij^nity 

can  arise  from  taat  course. 

The  change  in  method   of  obiainin.u  zenith    point,   which   took  |ilace  in    l.S(J7, 

requires  an  exannnation  of  the  determinations  of  north  polar  distance  in  that  year,  lor 

the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  there  is  any  constant  difference  between  the 

results  obtained  before  and  after  .luiie  1,  when  the  change  took  place.    To  settle  this 

point,  the  direi't  observations  of  70  stars  most  iVequently  observed  (and  at  least  three 

times  in    each    period)   were  selected.     The  oliservations   iirevioiis  to  .Tune   1    were 

groui)ed  in  a  single  mean,  J  P, ;  an<l   those  sul)sequent,  in  another,  J  /'„.     Weights 

were  assigned  according  to  the  usual  formula:  /.(;.,)(,  being  the  nundier  of  obseiva- 

fions  making  up  J  /',  and  »,,  the  nuud)er  of  observations  making  up  J  2',,,  wo  have 

-  =  JL'—"-.    These  weights  were  taken  roughlv  to  the  nearest  unit.    The  resulting 
II,  +  "// 


-•"K-lSrSf^SRS 


•»71 


HKI'OUT  OK  THE  ClIIKK  AHTKONOMKK,  AIMMONDIX  11. 


453 


value  of  tliP  coni'ctioii  is 

J/',  -J  /'„=-".;!  1:1 
MIT  =  -J 


".0;il.';   weight  l.'!tl. 


ii  >, 


All  till'  iii)l;ir  (listaiu'i's  8ul)stM|ii('iit  to  .Iiiiic  1  weir  (•(Hisi'(|iu'iitl,v  iMiircctcd  b\  —  ".:U, 
to  biiiif,' them  into  sy.sti'iiiiitic  iiuconlaiicc  witli  tliosc  Viiliuvs  of  J/)  olitiiiiu'il  prcviciiis 
to  that  iliitc.  AVhi'ir  the  iiiiiiilicr  of  (IcItTiniiiatioiis  tor  a  ^'ivoii  star  is  small,  paiticiilar 
examination  of  ohservatioiis  mailc  in  Alas  was  instituted,  and  such  oliscrvalioiis  in 
that  month  as  apiieareil  to  <le|iend  on  Nadirs  were  eorreeted.  J /',7  was  then  luiiiicd 
anew,  respect  beinf;  had  for  the  list  of  rrmUi    ••ui\  of  this  Appendix). 

Even  a  .snpeilicial  (■xaniiiiation  of  the  icsults  for  ISliS  is  siilliciiMit  to  show  that 
the  probable  erroi,  E|;:,  Is  nnich  larger  than  the  eorrespondin;;  (pianlily  lor  an,v  olliet' 
.year,  and  while  it  was  found  to  be  impraeticable  if  not  impossible  to  assi;;n  all  the 
reasons  for  this,  an  examination  leaves  no  doubt  that  it  is  jtartl.v  du(!  to  ennstant  eriors 
in  the  determiuatiun  of  zcnilli  pn  it  eorreciion.  Some  of  these  errors  are  (|uite  larfje, 
and  though  extrenu^  caution  should  be  exercised,  I  have  not  hesitated  to  apply  the 
more  important  corrections  wliieh  seemed  to  be  iciinired.  I  have  Ibllowed  a  nu'tliod 
precisely  like  thai  adopted  b.\  Professor  Xeweomb  in  similar  cases  occuirin;;  in  IStili* 
The  suspected  periods  were  (piite  numerous,  but  only  those  in  the  subjoined  table 
were  adopted  for  treatment.  J  /'„  for  each  star  common  to  any  one  or  more  of  these 
uif,'hl  .,  was  formeil  from  all  the  remaininf;  observations  of  the  year;  and  then  each 
compared  with  the  <pu-stionable  values  of  its  corrcspondiuf;  J /^  Xhus  a  series  of 
values  J  /',  —  J;)  were  obtained  for  each  date,  and  the  uu-an  of  each  set  adopted  as 
the  coricction  to  the  results  as  printed.  The  column  headed  "No."  shows  the  total 
number  of  values  of  J  7',  —  J  p,  whicth  are  useil  lo  form  the  corresiiondiu;,'  correction. 
The  corrections  with  reveised  signs  are  applicable  to  the  residts  of  rellectioii  obser- 
vations. 


Hair. 

OllSCTVlT. 

11 

('(UlCCt  iiM). 

No. 

Ill 

Uiimiilis. 

Miinli  IS 

+  i.r, 

rulaii"  U>  It  Ciiiicri. 

St'iilcnilxT  7.. 

1' 

-  I.r. 

I'.l 

Octlll)lT  1 

T 

—  '.Ml 

Hi 

OcUpImi  l:t.... 

f 

—  '.'.  (1 

I'.l 

Ofldlii  r  1(1 

I' 

—  1.7 

Hi 

Novi'IiiIh  r(>. .. 

i; 

—  (I.'.l 

2^ 

rrvjjili  to  roiaiis. 

NoVfinlK-rd.  . . 

!■: 

—  '-•.:! 

11 

(1  ( 'aiiiM  Majoris  to  a  U\t\ 

■ill. 

IH'Ccnilirr  s. .. 

'•' 

-  I.-.* 

ir 

• 'I'lio  ruNiilt  t'roiii  fj  A(|iii!a;  is  oxc'liiili'il. 

The  corrections  on  November  <i,  taken  in  coiine<!tioii  with  the  correspomling 
"/cnith  iioint  corrections,"  which  foi'  the  lirst  gronj)  wiis  l.V'.O,  iiiid  for  the  second 
1 -I". 3,  .show  that  the  Nadir  determinations  nuiy  indicate  a  considerable  cliiinge  in  I  lie 
zenith  point  without  any  real  alteration.  The  "zenith  jioint  corrections''  on  November 
(i,  according  to  tht!  abovi^  table,  should  li.ive  been  lli".!  and  lL"'.o  respectively,  for  the 
Urst  and  second  groups;    while  they  were  found  to  be  from   Nadir  oliserviitions  on 

*  Wasliin^ton  Astroiiotiiical  <)ltsn'r\'atitiMH,  IHiit'i,  p.  w\\,     Iiilrotliirtioii. 


K< 


n 


II 


'ii. 


1 

'■■:\ 

'  ! 


4r)4 


I'MTRl)  HTATKS  NOUTHKIJN    liOUNDAKY  ("OMMISSION. 


|l>si 


Novfinlier  5,  ll".tt,  on  Xovcinlii'r  7,  111".!.',  mid  on  NovoinbiT  1),  l(l".(!,  ciicli  dcppnilinff 
on  two  ,><c|(iirat((  ob«erviitioiiH, — tlioso  on  Novoniln'r  7  ln'iii}{-  rcsiu'ctivoly  l-4".r»8  nnd 
11".!»7. 

Tli(>  only  riMnitinin^  corruutionH  luloptiMl  to  aid  in  forniiiifj;  J  i'  in  tliiH  lunl  in  otlicr 
Yfiirs  aiv  i'or  rrnifa,  wliicli  aro  to  Ito  t'onnd  at  llic  end  of  tliis  ApixMidix.  Twenty 
seven  oliservations  in  lS(iS  wliieli  (littered  more  tiniii  .'!".r>  from  tlie  eoiu'lnded  meatiH, 
were  rejected. 

In  ISCit!  the  values  of  J  /*  resnltin;;  from   zenilli  points  as  corrected  are  adopted. 

rroliiihic  Krror. 

lU'fore  conibiniM};  tlie  results  of  separate  years,  it  is  important  to  know  tlieir  rela- 
tive weights;  especially  as  an  examination,  merely  preliminary,  shows  that  the  accu- 
racy of  a  sinjile  determiinition  varies  };reatly  in  difVerent  years.  In  Rett in^j  probable 
error,  the  corrected  results  were  used  in  ISOli;  and  the  residts  as  printed  ami  corrected 
(mcrtntii^  in  subsct|ncnt  yeais;  except  that  the  rejected  observations  of  ISliS  were  not 
included.  ICacIi  J/*  was  coiui)ared  with  its  J  /',  an*l  the  residuals  arranged  in  ;;roups 
accoiding  to  zenith  distance.  The  prol)able  error  ;  was  supposed  to  follow  th>' well- 
known  law  * 

'     —  -  II  +  '  III  ''"'n    '' 

Whatever  the  iheoretical  objections  to  this  formula,  they  are  nothing  in  com- 
parison with  the  uncertainty  of  the  deterniiinition ;  because  in  this  particular  case 
there  are  few  ol)servations  at  great  zenith  distances.  No  distinction  is  nnide  between 
observations  north  or  south  of  the  zenith,  owing  to  the  considerable  number  of  bisec- 
tions taken  at  each  pointing;  and  these,  for  northern  stars  frequently  observed,  are 
more  nuinerons  on  the  average  than  for  the  southern  ;  so  that  the  greater  accuracy  in 
a  single  bisection  of  an  e(puitorial  star  is  in  this  way  assumed  to  give  no  marked 
advantage.  In  Ifititi  and  IS(i7,  stars  observed  twenty  tinu's  or  more  were  used,  excejic 
at  zenith  distances  greater  than  55°,  where  the  niinimnm  was  reduced  to  7  observa- 
tions of  the  same  star.  In  the  two  succeetling  years  the  niinimnm  for  zenith  distances 
less  than  tiO'^-  is  l(».    The  results  follow  :— 


fir(iu|i. 

M.iiii  / 

No.  ITHld- 

iials, 
'.'10 

OlwiTvoil  e 

n 
+   •■'■.1 

c  from 
I'oriiiiila. 

-t  .57 

1 

(i 

•) 

•.'0 

iiO-J 

-t  .Wi 

-  -  .  r.7 

:i 

•js 

1!)J 

-1-  .r,s 

-  -  .  m 

1 

i;! 

•Jl-i 

4-  .(ill 

--  .(1(1 

.1 

r.i 

•i.M 

Jt  .71 

--  .(■.;( 

i> 

o.i 

•JOl 

±  .«■"> 

:t  •''" 

1807 

1 

10 

a-jii 

-fc  .r>l 

-1-  ..'il 

.J 

'J.') 

•r.vi 

-  .  Tk. 

--  .Wi 

ii 

■ID 

■jo.-i 

-  .,-.:( 

--  ..)i> 

1 

r,:i 

1^7 

--  .()0 

-  :  .  .'-.7 

."> 

-,'.) 

f^j 

-  .  r.4 

,;.r,9 

I'l 

(I'j 

;ii 

-i-  .71 

±.7l 

T'\i\t  f.nnjrior's  Memoir;  Kaincr,  Si-cond  Volume  I.piden  Oliservfttions,  etc. 


[4ft| 


KKroiM'  OK  TIIK  Cllli:i'  ASTKONOMI  I!.  AIM'KNIHX  II.  455 


fil'Ollll. 

Mrai.  / 

1 

K 

- 

'."1 

1 

r,(i 

t! 

ii,i 
f « 

1^-(W. 


III    <.  Ill'  Ml  . 


II. I 
•,'.".1 

:ii:i 

7SI 
HI 
■I.'. 


I     .Hi  I  ,7(1 

.1  .'I  .1  .<"■' 

I  .:(;  I  ,77 

•  I,  .77  .1-  .7il 

I  .r,(i  '    .|.  .HI 

I  I. (Ill  \\  .'.1(1 


Two  liiiiidrcil  and  t'ijjlity-.si^vi'ii  residuals  ol'staM  most  Irciiiiciitiy  tiliscrvcd  in  IHd!) 
KIvc  e  =  i  .(>'. 

Our  liiiiidrctl  and  si.\t\-llve  rosidiials  of  stars  most  IYf(|(irntl,v  oliscrvcd  liy  lolk'c- 
tioii  ill  JS07  yive  c  —  .-L  ".">(>. 

The  fuliowiuK  rormulii'  w<'ri'  adoptod  I'or  tlic  rt'spoctivc  .years  ; 

1800         I-  =  "..'il'.i    +   ".OI.'iO   Vm\'X'/. 

1807      .-■  =  ".L'(ji    4-  ".();!;!;!  uwv^'Z 

ISCS        £•'  —  "."tA    +  (".(I,!.!,!)  taiiR-'Z 

18(1!)  C2    _    (//_.l,-,,-,)    ^     |/',().|1,-,)     (;,„„■-■/ 

For  l.SfiS  tlio  iacitor  iiinltiidied  li.v  Uw^'Z  was  assumed  eijiial  to  that  lound  by 
exprrimont  in  l>S(i7  ;  tlio  result  tor  18(i,S  being  oC  extremely  small  weight. 

Tor  1S((!)  the  I'ormnla  Ibnnd  I'roni  the  observations  of  Wii  ISTO-l.S".'!  wa«  adopted 
as  being  a  elo.se  approximation. 

With  the  arguments  Z  and  year,  we  have  the  following  table  of — 

Values  (if  c 


/t^= 

(>' 

20' 

;)(! ' 

10- 

.■0^ 

u-p 

('.(P 

o.-.'-' 

70' 

7.-P 

fl 

II 

,1 

/ 

/' 

I  see, 

.  ">T 

..->7 

.,-)H 

.(!() 

AM 

.111 

.(!.■* 

.7:1 

.81 

.07 

lH(i7" 

..'■.I 

.  .VJ 

.  r,'> 

.W.\ 

.  ,^.'> 

.  t)< 

.  00 

.01 

.'■i 

.  S."i 

IHC.I 

.7(1 

.7(; 

.  1 1 

.'t* 

.70 

.  so 

.H'J 

.f(! 

.01 

I.OJ 

IWl') 

.tw 

.('■h* 

.  (i-i 

.70 

.li 

.71 

.7(1 

.HO 

.»« 

l.o-j 

Tiie  vnbie  of  r,  must  be  determined  from  a  oonijiaiison  of  observations  in  different 
positions  of  the  circle. 

It  will  now  bo  assumed  that  the  .systematic  corrections  rc(iuireil  by  the  adopted 
values  of  J  7',  are:  rt,  a  correction  />  for  division  error.  This  has  been  taken  from 
tables  in  §  72  of  the  description  of  the  transit  circle,  Washington  Observations  lor 
18(1.".. 

h,  a  constant  correction,  —  J  /,  to  all  of  the  zenith  points  of  a  given  year.  The 
correction  to  J  V  will  bo  +  J  Z. 

*  Tli(>  viiliin  of  f,;7  111  Uil'X  ii(frccs  pii'i'lsclv  with  flial  rmiiid  in  niiiitlnT  wny  (nco  [i.  17).     The  viiliii> 
thpre  foiiml  c()rri'K|i<iii(ls  Id  a  /iMiitli  clistancr"  of  aliout  to  . 


lii  'i 


m 


m 


M 


;.'! 


im  > 


' 


m 


III 


450 


nXITKI)  STATKS  NOUTllKKN  IJOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


r,oi 


c,  a  correction  for  lloxiirc,  arbitrarily  assiiincil  to  be  of  tlie  lonii  F  sin  Z  +  V  cos  /. 

</,  a  correction,  —  J  <f,  to  J  P  (lS(i(!- !>*(;!))  lor  error  in  the  assnined  latitude,  'M^°  '>.V 
;!8"..S(». 

These  corrections  are  of  the  forms  usually  adopted,  and  Mcin  to  recjuiro  no  ex- 
planation on  theoretical  grounds. 

Accepting  these,  the  linal  polar  distance  by  direct  observation  will  be — 

7"  J-  J  7>   » 

^     t-        '  [+  7>+  j;f+  Fsin/f  FcosZ- Jv- 

Of  these  corrections  J  Z  will  vary  with  the  year ;  J  c-  will  be  constant ;  and  />,  /•' 
and  F'  will  do|)cnd  upon  the  reading  of  the  circle  used. 

Vdhic.i  >;/'  J  Z,  F  and  F'. 

During  the  yeais  18(17  and  ISOS  circle  B  wms  used.  It  was  reversed  at  the  begin- 
ning of  1S08,  but  was  iK>t  shifted  lelalively  to  the  telesccpe.  In  each  year  there  is 
a  consideraliKi  number  of  retlection  observations,  both  north  and  south.  The  neces- 
sary conditions  are  thus  established  t'lr  ascertaining  the  quantities  J2fC7,  J/^(W,  7-' 
aUv'  ¥',  F :n\([  F'  have  been  already  investigated  as  stated  above*  (p.  14);  but  that 
portion  of  F'  which  depends  upon  the  tiexure  of  the  te'escope  coidd  only  be  roughly 
iuferrecl,  and  was  .nUen  as  .00.  So  far  as  this  assumption  is  sni)porte<l  by  the  present 
investigation,  it  will  be  louiid  to  be  substantially  correct.  However  the  discordance 
between  tlu!  direct  and  reflected  observations  of  these  and  other  years  may  originate, 
if  or  '  of  till'  possible  causes  of  error  is  known,  and  if  the  form  of  the  differences  can 
be  reconciled,  within  a  fail  ;;ree  of  piobaliility,  to  rcp'vscnt  the  effect  of  that  cause, 
we  an>  hound  to  accept  tli(>  i.itter,  provisionally,  as  the  most  i)robable,  or  at  least  as  an 
imporlant  source  of  the  difliculty.  If  other  means  of  nicasuriug  the  effect  of  the  known 
disturbing  agency  exist  and  have*  been  e:iiployed,  the  (piestion  then  relates  to  the  weight 
of  each  determination  or  method,  and,  CNcept  for  cousidernfions  of  exjiedieiicy,  neither 
should  be  adopted  to  the  exclusion  of  others,  unless  there  is  grer.l  disparity  of 
weight.;. 

It  is  a  priori  possible  that  Ihi'  whole  or  a  part  of  the  discordance  in  rpiestion  may 
be  proiliiced  by  flexure.  The  horizontal  flexure  (Z')  tias  been  measured  by  opposing 
colliiiirtors  and  also  by  tlie  aid  of  leveled  collimatt.rs,  in  the  manner  detailed  in  the 
Washington  vobiim*  for  lS(i."i.t  Tlur  definitive  result  was  taken  from  tlie  former  method. 
The  values  given  by  leveled  collimators,  for  reasons  stated,  are  Justly  regarded  as  of 
little  weight,  tlioiifh  it  will  be  seen  that  their  mean  is  very  near  the  mean  finally 
ailopted  ill  this  disjiissinii.  Professor  Xewcomb  considers  the  Ib'xure  of  the  circles  and 
of  tlie  telescope  sepan  tely.  The  former  was  ascertained  by  a  method  of  eoniparing 
simultaneous  read  iigs  of  the  two  circles,  combined  with  a  systematic  rotation  in  their 
relative  positions  TIi  >  flexure  of  the  telescope  in  tho  horizontal  position  wa.s  deter- 
mined by  subtiiicliti','  from  llu^  value  of  F,  found  by  opposing  collimators,  that  pre- 
viously found  lor  ifieciri'le  read  in  the  oliserviifion.  A  rough  check  on  the  zenithal 
flexure  of  telescope  v  as  olitained  in  an  analogous  manner  by  the  aid  of  nadir  observa- 
tions combined  with  .eadiugsoii  leveleil  collimators.    The  result  is  confessedly  of  small 

'  \Viisliinj;t<in  Asf -.jiininical  Oli.scrvatiDnH  ten-  isiili,  Appeiiilix  I,  i  till  ti)  i  (>7. 
t  ^  (ii.M  Alip.  I.,  Wii.  ni>s.,  l^itM. 


lia)PBBaiaB1141l«ieilU.UUl.lU-.l-JL.i.ai.       :tmmmmimmmrui:"< 


m 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


457 


4 


weight.  Many  of  tlio  (Ictcrminations  by  opposing  collimators  woro  iuunvn  to  ho  inllu- 
enc!t'<l  by  tcmperatuic  in  the  rooi'.i  varying  at  diflVrent  altiruih's,  and  such  were  rcjctcd. 
It  is  not  altogether  iinp'oltalile  that  the  measures  accepted  uuiy  have  been  allected 
injuriously  by  the  same  cause,  though  in  a  smaller  degree.  Tiiey  are  also  liable  to 
error  from  otln-r  causes,  among  which  may  he  nu'utioned  i)ersonid  error,  and  the  eiror 
possibly  arlsnig  Irom  the  small  a|)erture  of  the  colliinatois.*  U  would  be  dillic'ult  to 
estimate  the  probable  error  in  the  determination  of  F  and  F' ;  but  perhai)s  enough  has 
been  said  to  show  that  aconsiderabku'orrection  to  the  adoi)ted  valiu's  is  not  altogether 
inailmissible. 

The  reflection-observations  of  ISOT  and  ISOS  will  lust  be  examiiu'd  to  ascertain 
whether  t',u' ditferences  J /'(Uef^  —  J  M  will  tolerate  the  sui)position  that  they  are 
caused  wholly  or  mainly  by  a  constant  error  in  adoi)ted  zenith  point  combiTU'd  with  an 
error  in  the  assumed  (HjcIIU  ieiit  of  sin  Z  ill  the  formula  for  llexnre.  And  lor  the  purpose 
of  assigning  pioper  weights  to  J  ^(Pief)  —  J  JP  in  each  case  r,  will  be  ascertained  by 
ai)pro>:imati()U.  [n  IS(J7  there  are  a  few  observations  of  "miscellaneous  stais"  by 
rellection,  and  as  these  are  situated  abuost  exclusively  lu'ar  tlie  zenith  they  will  afford 
atlditional  evidence  as  to  the  character  of  the  change  near  the  zenith  in  the  value  of 
J /'(ivcf )  —  J  Z'.  The  following  table  exhibits  the  results  from  these  stars  iirranged 
in  order  of  zenith  distance  of  stars  observed  directly,  zenith  distances  being  counted 
from  (!'' to  .'!()h3.  The  first  colnmn  gives  the  name  of  the  stiii  ;  the  second  is  /'cor- 
rected wherever  neeessaiy  by  —  "..'M,  to  reduce  to  adopted  zenith  points;  the  third 
i.s  seconds  of  /'  (Ket),  reckoned  from  rellected  jmlo  through  nadir,  etc. ;  the  fourth 
gives  the  number  of  observations  respectively  for  P  and  7'  (Uef),  seiiarated  by  a 
hyi)hen  ;  the  fifth  shows  tlie  respective  weights  on  the  unit  whose  probable  error  is 
l".(ll».  Tfiese  weights  are  dedueeil  on  the  si  pposition  th.it  the  vaiui'  of  ;,  is  :t  ":S>. 
The  sixth  eo'umu  shows  the  values  of  i'(l{.'f )  — /",  and  the  last  column  shows  the 
values  of  /'. 


I     * 


♦  1; 


■ft! 


Naiiic. 

r 

/■(i; 

■■f) 

Ohs, 

^1 

/•(rj.'f)-f' 

/. 

B.  A.C.  If  If 

o         1             It 

fi;. 

ir. 

'J- 1 

0 

-   .  1 1 

0 
334 

h 

lli»ii>  M;ijoi-is 

•.'7    :•.;!    1.').  (y 

t;!. 

1^ 

i-f 

l.r. 

—  f .  -.4 

3:17 

l1 

I'rsiii  >fiii(itis 

w-i   r.r>    I  ■J,;.-.' 

i(i. 

;iii 

a-'-' 

•J.  r> 

—  i.:w 

34a 

-f 

|Tis:r  5f;iii)ri» 

;i;i    ri'.i    (i:,.  :w 

ii,"i. 

7:i 

'J-1 

•> 

+    .;!'. 

=!fi 

v'l 

Ursa-  NfnJDris.  . . . 

;ir>   '<-■.   ;i(!.  07 

:!i; 

S,") 

'*-! 

•J 

+     .78 

344 

1 

Can.  Von 

;tr>    fid    ;!i.  f" 

:iii 

117 

;i-f 

•) 

-     .'20 

345 

-.1 

n 

;i(i    .|s    (IT.  ;!'•• 

II)     fl     (Ki.  Ill 

HI 

0..I 

0 
0 

+     .8!t 

340 
34S) 

Aiiri^rt' 

X 

f 'rs:n  Mai'  cis 

■11     '.".I     (11.  IK! 

.-,M 

•  X 

I -'J 

0 

—  y.  Ki 

3.''i0 

Ilcrc'iilis 

fttrapitiiliiticm  ( 

11    ;ii    11.07 

»taiH  norlli  ot  wiiit 

ft 

;t(; 

It 

0 

4-    .'JO 

3.MI 

—  .:!(»  ±  .n 

344 

0 

•  'riiK  a)U'itiir<i  ot  tl: 
t.i/'  =  A /',  +  /). 


(Kiffiiiiat Ill's  i.s  (inly  -'i  iiicfii'.'',  wfiifi'  lliat  of  Ifii'  tolcscnpc  i.n  8.."i  iiiilics. 


i  I    mm 


% 


"    ,  t 


\v\  1  f  1 


;)3S.' 


458 


UNITED  STATL8  NOIJTIIERN  BOUXnAUY  COMMISSION. 


[r,2] 


Nimii' 


I!.  A.C.  4n(W 

It.  A.  ('.  4-li'J 

}     Cor.  Hi)ri'ali«  . ... 

(/     liootis    

Ii4  l.i'oiiis 

'.'(>  IJuolis 

li.  A.  I'.  I'.ITO 

l!.A.C.-27e8 

C    Tami 

II.  A.c.  rjiyo 

;iO  (ii'iiiiiioruin 

I     0|>liiiiclii 


/'(Krl) 


C-2 
Hi 
*i:t 
(it 
(!.') 
(i7 
07 

m 

(W 
74 

7(1 
711 


'24 
41 
17 
17 

.'"irl 
HI 
47 
.'id 

r>(i 
on 
:w 
;!7 


:v2.  -'.) 

4IJ.H7 
•.'11.  45 

•-".1.  (>;t 
•j;.  1 1 

cii.:;!) 
:io.  4-J 

4(1. 'J7 

17. i:! 

;i7.ii,'> 
(17.  i:> 


nx  74 

47.04 

•■i'X  70 

■J-*.  04 

:,'.K  i-(i 
;ii.7i 
40.  n 

•.".'.  Hit 

4(i.  :i'j 

:!(!.  77 
07.4:: 


Obs. 


/■(RH) 


2-1 

•J-1 
•J-1 
:i-i 
;!-i 
•j-i 
•J- 1 
•-'-1 

\!-l 

•J-1 
2-1 
2-1 


+  .07 

—  1.17 

+  .07 

+  .90 

—  .  :,'j 
+  I.'-".* 

-t-  lo.i 

—  .t'l 

—  .  2H 


Rcca|iitalutioii  (stars  Houth  of  zuiiitli) 1^4 


+    .  l.--.  ±  .  14| 


11 
12 
12 
13 
15 
IC. 
17 
1« 
IH 
23 
2.'i 
2-^ 

17 


Tlic  iirobaliU' I'lTois  luc  (U-ihici'd  iVom  tlio  actiiiil  residuals;  had  tlioy  lict'ii  csti- 
mated  froiii  -  -'  in  each  ca.se,  tiiey  would  iiavo  been  i  ".'JL'and  ±  ".I'O,  respectively,  tor 
the  northern  and  soutlioni  groups.  At  about  18°  zenith  distance  on  each  side  there 
are  gai**'  without  stars  observed,  more  than  ~P  wide  in  each  instance.  Taking  only  Ihe 
.stars  nearest  the  zenith,  we  have: — 


Northern  stars 1  (>.."> 

[.Same,  *.'X<"liniiii^  X  I'rsii>  Maji»riM.       14.  .'t 


Siiiilliorii  stars. 


IS 


— 

/•(KiM)— /• 

7. 

—  .27 

+  .o:i 

;t4(; 

345] 

+  .  !.-> 

15 

The  evidence  in  lavor  of  an  abnormal  change  aiipears  to  bo  wanting.  The  result 
has,  however,  but  small  weight.  Collecting  now  all  the  material  which  exists  in  I.'^OV 
and  1.S08  for  dctern)ining  J  Z(J7,  J  Z  (IS,  and  1\  and  collecting  the  values  of  J  /'  (l{ef ) 
—  J  7'  into  groups,  iuciadiug  in  each  group  a  /one  nearly  5°  wide,  we  have  the  fol- 
lowing tables: — 

isdT. 


N... 

Mpnii  / 

A/'(Ri>f)  — A/" 

-t-'MCiHiii;^ 

t' 

■■ 

II. 

o 

„ 

;/ 

(I) 

:i09 

—  .,-.4 

15 

-  .40 

-  .13 

(•■i) 

315 

-.-7 

17 

—  .05 

+  .21 

(:') 

;t23 

—  .  77 

31 

00 

+  .12 

(•«) 

329 

-  .00 

;u 

+  .(12 

+  .02 

(•'•) 

:i:i4 

—  .50 

31 

+  .03 

—  .07 

«i) 

345 

—  .SO 

'.'■< 

+  .03 

—  .32 

(*) 

350 

—  .81 

22; 

r  .07 

+  .21 

(»*) 

12 

+  .M 

40 

—  .  15 

+  .23 

('■') 

It; 

-f-  .48 

2rt 

+  .10 

+  .  :i5 

(10) 

25 

-f  .  49 

no 

+  .25 

+  .:i5 

(11) 

;uj 

+  1.01 

40 

-  .11 

—  .  10 

(12) 

:w 

+  1.05 

15 

—  .  01 

—  .79 

(13) 

4f. 

+  1.49 

;!0 

1  —  .42 

—  .01 

(14) 

49 

+  .7.-< 

IS 

+  .11 

+  .10 

(15) 

5;t 

+  1.13 

0 

+   .17 

-  .24 

III. 

+ 

II 

+ 

;o 

+ 

4- 

+ 

i:t 

+ 

:!9 

+ 

20 

+ 

.-1 



20 

— 

(IH 

1 

((() 

:     — 

44 

-1 

.0-' 



7H 

— 

05 

— 

:!0 

[53] 


REPORT  OP  THE  (^HIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  II. 


459 


The  correction  +  ".10  sin  /,  in  coluinii  J  P(Uci}  —  J  P,  ia  the  rednction  for  dilTcr- 
ence  of  hititiides  of  instrnment  and  rfllectinK  surface  in  re''eetion  observations.  Tiio 
weight,  -',  suiiposes  :L  V'MO  as  tlie  probable  error  of  tiic  unit.  By  successive  trials  it 
was  found  that,  takiuj;  s,  =  i  ".-5i  the  assumed  and  concluded  probaljle  errors  of  unit  of 
weight  in  1808  were  exactly  aiiije;  and  the  latter  lor  1807  was  i  l".07,  while  from 
the  assninptioii  it  i  hould  have  been  ±  l".0(t.  The  approximation  is  considered  quite 
suflieient,  especially  when  it  is  remembered  that  there  is  great  uncertainty  in  the  appli- 
cation of  the  law  adopted  to  represent  J  /'(Itel)- J  /'.  We  therefore  have  for  any 
r,iven  number  (n)  of  observations  the  weight 

"  -3 


The  table  gives  :— 


.dOL'.")  + : 
« 

Values  o/r:'  icitit  arguments  t  and  n. 

!•;  =  ±  i.no        f,  ■=  ±  .'>j 


n 

c  =  ".r.2 

".-A 

".CO 

'.70 

",K) 

'.!>0 

r'.oo 

1 

xo 

a.  8 

',>.  4 

1.8 

1.4 

1,1 

.9 

•2 

r,.  a 

4.8 

4.1 

;!.  a 

•->.  (i 

•-'.  1 

1.8 

:i 

(i  (> 

(i.ll 

.-,.  ,'■> 

4.4 

:t.  li 

a.  n 

4 

7.7 

7.4 

(i.  I! 

:..  4 

I.  .'i 

.i.  •' 

:i.-J 

f) 

H.ii 

8.;j 

7.4 

li. -J 

5.  ;i 

1.  :> 

1!.  8 

I'l 

'.1. :! 

9.0 

P.  2 

(i.y 

.-..  '.• 

.-..1 

4.4 

'.I.D 

y.  (i 

8.8 

7.5 

»;, ,) 

.-^.i; 

4.11 

8 

10.  4 

10.1 

!).:t 

8.1 

7.1) 

li.  1 

r>. :! 

■t 

10.  rt 

10..-) 

!l.8 

H.  t) 

t .  •) 

II.  li 

,■),  8 

10 

II.-.' 

10.11 

10.  a 

!).  0 

7.11 

7.0 

l.'i 

1-'.  1 

Vl.-i. 

11.7 

10.  r, 

11. .-) 

".li 

7,7 

'20 

\:\.-i 

lli.O 

1-J.4 

11.. '> 

lO.li 

11.7 

■^.9 

'& 

i:i.t; 

14.0 

i;i.;) 

IXIt 
i:!.4 

li.  -i, 

II.  1 
II. '.1 

10,  ll 

0.8 

,'10 

;(.-. 

14.2 

11. 1 

i:!.7 

i:l.  1 



40 

14.4 
14.7 

14.  :i 
14.  li 

11.  0 

14.  ;t 

i;i.4 

i;!.8 



1 

These  can  easily  be  .'onvertcd  into  any  other  scale  who.se  standard  probable 
error  is  c,  by  means  of  the  factor  ii.     The  value  of  t  is  ibnnd  on  p.  40.    The  weight 

-'  =:!!.<Il!£-^  ^  "'  '^'^''-^  is  taken  to  the  nearest  unit. 
-'(l)ir.)  +  -'vUet.) 

Kecurring  again  to  the  table  of  comparisons*,  JP(I{ef)  -  J  P,  (1807),  the  numbers 
in  column  headed  I.  are  the  residuals  (calc.  -  obs.),  which  result  from  the  employment 
of  the  following  values  deduced  directly  from  the  observations  of  1807,  a.ssnming  that 
the  ditt'erences  J  V  (Kef)  —  J  P  are  due  to  constant  error  and  lle.xure. 

J  7  = -f  ".00  1  ".0127 
F  =  +  ".7  t  ±  ".052. 
The  eolnmn  marked  II.  is  constructed  on  the  supposition:— 
.)  /'  or  J  /"  =  ^^^-AL  +  ".0(i  sin  Z; 


^      \\ 


'  'i| 


w^ 


.;l"i. 


iiii^ji 


■  I  ■ 


ri!.  X 


II  M 


460 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


154] 


t.  c,  assumiiii;  JZto  \w  ilifll'iviit  for  northorii  niid  soiitlieru  stiU's,  and  excliidinp;  the 
supposed  tli'xiiri',  c'xc('i)t  tluit  of  +  ".00  deduced  iioiii  opposinp  colliniator.s.     Wc  liavo 
for  uortlieni  stars,  JZ'=—  ".L'O ;  for  southern  stars,  JZ"=  +  ".40. 
Professor  Neweomb  found*; — 

JZ'=~"A'^     JZ"  =  +  ".ir>. 

The  diiferenco  is  mainly  the  efieet  of  the  (  orrection  —  ".'31  to  rerluce  systcmatiually 
to  zenitii  points  derived  from  eollimators.  In  the  first  solution  the  small  value  of  JZ 
shows  that  the  zenitli  jjnints  thus  derived  are  ])raetieally  free  from  eotistaiit  error. 

Wiiile  the  nuiiihers  in  eolumn  I.  do  not  slio^v  that  afjreeinent  of  fact  with  hypoth- 
esis, whicli  is  desirable,  they  oufjht  to  Jiave  some  i)reference  over  tho.se  of  eolnuin  Jl., 
espeeially  when  we  consider  that  the  nninner  of  nsinji  tlu'  correclioiis  J //  and  JZ",  is 
at  least  iiijthly  questioinible  on  a  jn-iori  j<;ixmm\s.  It  nuiy  be  noted  that  of  the  eight 
couipariisons  making  up  line  (7),  we  have: — 


St.irs. 

1 
„        \M'{R,-f.)-M>, 
'■                   otc. 

I. 

i 

Ist 

J 

1 

o 
310 

-  U\ 

1 

111     1         -f-  1..'! 

Whatever  the  source  of  these  anomalies  it  is  undoubtedly  cpiile  irregular  in  its 
action,  and  is  snn;j;ested  wii h  some  probubilily  by  I'aye's  hy|)otliesisi  as  to  cohimns 
of  heated  air  in  liie  observing-room,  whidi  may  principally  or  .'^olely  all'ect  observations 
by  rellection. 

Exi)tanation  of  column  III.  will  follow  later,  ((!.  "i"). 

We  hiivo  a  similar  table  for  ISdS: — 


No. 

Mean  7. 

^ 

(Ifi) 

:!0s 

(17) 

311! 

(IW) 

333 

(tO) 

3-J.s 

C^O) 

3;!.-> 

(at) 

34,-. 

CJ-i) 

3,M 

(a:<) 

11 

(t>!) 

IS 

(i'.) 

•-'I 

'•JO) 

'J-( 

(•■i'M 

:(;! 

;t>.) 

(yj) 

4;^ 

A/'(K<'t.)  — .n' 
+  .1(1  sin  Z 


I 


—1.03 
— 1.7.-. 
—1.  10 
-I. II 

— l.:«i 

-f  .'jy 


—  .r.i 

I  Id 

+  .  ,'.t 


14 

2(1 
13 


yn 
at 

u 


III. 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+  • 


II 

„ 

i.m 

— 

.6'.> 

_ 

.46 

.S3 

— 

.  (ill 

— 

.41 

..«! 

— 

.34 

— 

.01 

.4J 

4- 

.411 

+ 

,    t  t           1 

.  ill 

+ 

.  (II  ■. 

+ 

.4;t 

.11 

.Hi 

+ 

.;t7 

.43 

+ 

.Vi 

+ 

.(ii 

,74 

^ 

.97 



.71 

.  Ha 

.•ii 

— 

..-iT 

.s- 

+ 

.111 

— 

.'Jl 

.(•3 

-f 

.1-1 

— 

.13 

.47 

+ 

.r.rt 

-t- 

.  3,-. 

.  (Hi 

+ 

.0!i 

.10 

.34 

.43 

.55 

'  r.  %\x,  Int.  Wa.sh.  \»t.  Ol.s.,  lHi7. 


I  rnve,  ' 


>myi 


((■«  lllHllW,  XXI. 


[Or.j  JtEl'OUT  0['  TUK  VmV.V  A.STi:ON<).Ml-:it,  Al'PKNDKV  11.  401 

Tho  esi>liUi;UioiiH  iiiidcr  ISiiT  ujiply.     \\'o  lmv«  for  I.: — 

J  ;?  =  -".;!:)  .fc  ".(KW 

F  -  +  ".00  i  ".070 
For  11:       J  /' .-.-:  -  ",0l>  iiiHl  J  i^"  =1=  -  ".OL'. 

TliL'ilifli'riMic'i'betwc'ew  Ihcsc  iiinubi'rsaiKl  ilio.sc  (U'(lu(:i'ill)y  Nuwc-mib,*  JZ  -.t  —  ".TSainl 
J  7,"  —  —  '.10.  ihi  probably  iliu!  to  the  chiiiifjcs  in  some  ot  the  zeiiitli  poiiit.s  (si'n  p.  47,) 
iiml  in  llic  cliiiiit'i'saMd  ;nl(lifiiiiis  i)'()(hui'il  by  crrtiln.  Tliino  is  ai)iiarriilly  not  miicli  to 
<!boose  bclwec'ii  1.  and  II.  I  >hail,  Uioiclorc,  proceed  on  the  liypothe>is  tli.u  a  portion 
of  the  discordiineo  in  (jiiostion  is  due  to  atnios|)lierie,  or  cuuse.s  other  than  Uexure 
depending  o;i  .sin/.  Furthermore,  the  method  of  obtaining  vaUse  of  1'  liy  couipari.son 
of  direct  and  rellected  (>bservations  of  Z  will  be  con.sidered  asof  eipial  weight  witli  the 
method  nhich  employs  (ipposin;;  eoMiinators.  If  we  take  thi'  iiieafi  Ity  weifilit.s  of  the 
f'o  valiK-.H  of  F,  dedaied  lioui  observations  of  1,S(I7  and  IKtitS,  we.  have  +".00,  which 
fc'ive.s  as  the  mean  liy  the  two  methods  :— 

F  ■=  +  ":.;:. 

The  observations  of  l.sti!)  are  too  few  to  alien d  a  practical  contribution  to  tliis  result, 
and  tiiose  of  IsOO  nere  detliieed  witli  a  dillerent  (Mrele. 

By  compari.son  of  J  J'  >>>i  —  J.Z'  07  we  shall  have  an  excellent  determinalion  (>f  the 
(inantities  /'  (or  entire  cosine  tlexnre)  and  J  ZOS— J  Z07.  To  obtain  mosr  probable 
values  of  F,  /•'',_!  ZCil  and  J  /OS,  it  will  be  best  to  comprise  in  one  set  of  condiliona! 
equations  all  deteraiinations  which  contribute  to  a  know  letl^'e  of  eithev  of  the  required 
quar.tities,  so  thai  each  m  ly  exevt  i(:  proper  iulluence  upon  all  others.  Ivaeli  compar 
isoii  Ji'(i,S^  J /'07  tnrnishes  an  e(piation  of  the  form  J /07  —  J /OS  +  i' F'cos  /  = 
J  J'03  — J  7'(i7,  lov  d  reet  observatioi  s,  ami  J /(h  —  J /fJS  +  _' /'"'ccs /-=  —  J  7'OS -(- 
J  i'()7  for  relit  .^ted  ob.servalions.  The  lesults  ot  lSt;7  and  IHOS  furnish  :.:171  such  equa- 
tions of  the  total  wei{.';ht  908.  Arranginj;  them  in  liie  order  of  zenith  distance  in  zones 
about  50  in  width,  we  have  ;<.S  means  or  {jroups: — 


'  i. 


;•'  * 


18GS-1S07. 


No. 


M.Niii /|    111  -i/'(i7(i;.'f.) 

—  .i/^t)S(Kel'.) 


•i'M 
Mm 
Ml 
Mii 

::tr, 

•m 


—  .  -w 

—  .  o? 

—  .Ml 

—  .  :!:t 

—  .  .-'(• 

—  .00 

—  . .')() 

Ill 


+ 


.19 


III 


It 

+ 

it 
.43 

•■l-i 

+ 

.17 

•w 

+ 

.  -,>!) 

•}it 

.04 

0 

+ 

.S4 

:iii 

+ 

.w-i 

;!i 

00 

19 

— 

.08 

10 

_ 

.(59 

li> 

+ 

.1.- 

y.' 

— 

.:!l 

•j;j 

— 

.a» 

•p.  XX,  Int.  WiLsli.  A»(.  Oils.,  l-i;-. 

t  Tlie  (;<iiiii)iirisi)us  uf  <i  t'uBsiopx,  S,  I'.,  au>J  «  Cs^llfi,  8.  1'.,  u»r  Kjeotwl  uu  »f  Miiivl!  wi'jjfht. 


li  U 


f i .  ^  i'i 


402 


UNITKI)  STATES  NOUTIIKKN    liOUNDAKY  COJI.MIHSION. 


|50J 


18G.S-W67— Contiimi'il. 


n^i 


N... 

Mian  '/. 

(43) 

.. 

();!) 

II 

(.11) 

17 

(•tr,) 

•,>1 

(411) 

•..'4 

(47) 

•J'.l 

(4H) 

lilt 

(4!') 

411 

(-,(1) 

47 

(M) 

r.:| 

(r,.o 

:.y 

(.-.:!) 

111 

(.-.4) 

t;o 

(r.r.) 

•jti 

(.-ai) 

aj4 

(r.7) 

i.'l7 

(.-■K) 

a  10 

(.7.1) 

•jic. 

(Cd) 

111,-. 

(Ul) 

1-0 

('i-') 

1(W 

(till) 

1111 

(114) 

1  .'l.'l 

(11"') 

MS 

(•111) 

140 

((w) 

i:!J 

A/MW  — AP  07 

1)1  j/'(i7(i;rr.i 

rr' 

III 

. 

-Ji/Ml::^  W.I.) 



II 

/ 

—    .  c(i 

'JO 

+ 

.10 

—  1.17 

40 

+ 

.  4-' 

-    .  -:i 

14 

+ 

.11 

—    .''() 

U(l 

+ 

.  17 

—    .71 

&'i 

+ 

.04     ' 

—    .  ."'.1 

00 

+ 

.20     1 

—    .  \i 

<■.> 

.1(1     1 

—     .00 

4:! 

.44 

—     .M 

li.'i 

+ 

.02 

—   .r..-i 

21 

+ 

.24 

+    .riH 

•i-.i 

— 

.7!) 

-    .  o.-> 

1(1 

— 

.(W 

+   .\n 

7 

— 

.no 

+     .  (10 

0 

+ 

.44 

+     .<>! 

:i 

+  1 

.17 

+  1.41 

H 

— 

.12 

+  l.H-> 

14 

— 

.4(i 

+  l.:'l 

17 

+ 

.10 

+  l.(!:i 

10 

.15 

+  1.-J1 

1-.' 

+ 

.21) 

-r   '   l:! 

i:! 

+ 

.:i(l 

+  ..w. 

1-' 

+ 

.24 

+  Mil 

20 

+ 

.  (H 

+   I.fO 

'il 

Mi 

+    I.  10 

li 

+ 

.15 

+  l.-Jl 

i;i 



.07 

Finullj'  we  have  I'nmi  oiiposiii;;  colliiiiiitois: — 

F  r'  " 

(08)  +".0(i  OL'O  +.■«; 

where  -'  is  determini'd  a  pontcriini  in  such  a  iiianiier  thiit  it  .sliall  he  eijiiiil  lo  oiiehalf 
the  wcifiht  of  F  in  the  solmioii  of  iioiiiial  eiioatioii.s. 

IJeprcsentiiii;  In  —  n,  lor  rouvi-iiieiii  c,  the  miiiiln'is  in  tiiinl  eohiiuii  (in  thi'  three 
tables),  we  have  the  forms: — 

(ISfiT)  \-^JZr,l  +  2  F  si;;  /  +  h  =  0  j  v/-' 

(1S08)  { 1*  J  Z  (is  +  2  F  sill  /  4-  «  =::  0  i  -/-' 

( 18GS-]  8ft7)     S  J  Z  67  -  J  if  OK  +  :.'  F'  sin  /+«  =  (»  j  v'"' 

j/-'— ".(Mi  =  (ii  v'Oi.'O 

The  Hohitioii  of  iiiimerieal  e(|uatioii.s  foroiei!  in  accDrdaiicc  with  I  he  almve,  h'ails  to 

thc^e  normal  eiiniitioiis. 

// 

i;.j,')L'.()  J  Z  07  —   !ios.(»  jZ(i8+   !i(»4.(i /'' +    KHt.o     /■+      r).7I=0 

—    '.t(»8.0  4-  17.">(i.('  -    !H>4.(i       +      !ll._'  +      ;)l.r»!l-^(» 

4-    <J04.()  —    !M)J.li  4-  L'|.1*;!.M  +  IDSS.d.S      0 

4-    100.0  4-      !»4.L'  4-  ll'.V..5  —    l.y.l.4(l  =  (> 

The  sohitioii  };ives,—         JZ  07  =  4-  ".*<k2  -1    J>-4 

JZ(!8=  -  ".L'llO   4     .(1.(0 

/•■'      =-"..".71     j     ".0:i4 

/'     =  +  ",;!si  I  L  ".(*«»| 
F=  J   1".07 


IfKI'OllT  OF  TllK  (illlKF  ASTHONOMICIt,  AI'l'HNDIX   IJ. 


403 


It  is  liiinlly  iit'ct's.sarv  Id  rciiiiiriv  tliiil  t\w  probulilc  vrvw  as  ii|i|ili('(l  to  /'' lius  no 
sijjiiiliciiMcc ;  i)iit  if  we  iuliiiit  tliiit  the  aiioiuiiloiis  coiiditioiis  iiHV'ctm;;  J  /'(Itcf)  —  J  /* 
acted  witli  tolciiiblc  iiiiiroiinily  in  ISOT  and  ISOS,  tiicii  thf  prohabli'  I'iror  of  tin-  value 
of  P  is  (jnito  real.  Tlic  value  ol'  JJ  is  uiiliivonibly  inlliieiiced  Ity  the  introduction  of 
e(|nati(>n  (OS).  IJsin;;  (as  in  other  cases)  tlio  separate  residuals  making  ni>  ^roii|)i-*  (.'{l>) 
to  (.>!)  inclusive,  \vc  liavo 

anil  I'toni  yr()Ui)s  (/),"))  to  ((!7)  ineln-;ive 

7;=  J:  1".().!1. 

Tlio  agreetnout  of  J'J  with  assumed  value  is  all  that  could  be  desired. 

The  numbers  in  colmnn  Jll.aro  the  resitbials  arisin;^  from  the  adoi)ti(tn  of  the 
above  values  in  the  individual  ciiuations.  J''roni  groups  (.1(1)  to  ((i7)  there  are  no 
evidences  of  largo  outstanding  errors  of  a  .'^ystennitic  nature ;  nor,  with  one  or  two 
exceptions,  of  residuals  larger  than  should  be  expected  from  the  wt'ights.  Small  errors 
in  the  division  corri'ctiou  doubtless  exist,  and  it  is  to  me  matter  of  sniprise  that  these 
groups  are  so  well  represented  by  the  simple*  law  assumed.  So  much  cannot  be  .said 
of  the  first  L".)  groups.  The  outstanding  residuals  in  column  III.  may  be  attributed  to 
atmospheric  disturbances,  to  error  in  assumed  value  of  F,  and  to  other  possible 
causes,  who.se  existem-e  is  not  clearly  dclined. 

It  will  be  assumed  that  the.  dilii<ully  is  mainly  with  the  rellection  <)bservatio!\ ; 
and  these  will  accordingly  be  exchuled  from  all  further  particiiiation  in  the  definitive 
results  for  1  >iti7  and  ISdS.  Assuming  the  correctness  of  /•',  the  value  of  J  Z  (lit  will  be 
deduced  from  the  cdMipaiison  of  direcl  and  rellecteii  ob.servations  of  ISd!*,  given  on 
p.  xxiii,  Int.  Wash.  .Vst.  Obs,  Ileveising  thi'  signs  in  cobinin  "D—  i; ",  correcting 
by  —  .()lsin  Z,  and  taking  one-half  the  mean  by  weights  of  the  outstanding  residuals, 
we  ha\e ; — 

JZV,'.       =:  4-  ".'ft  :lr  ".0(!. 

The  circ'le  was  sliil'ied  at  th(>  hcginning  of  the  year  .'50'  relatively  to  the  telescope. 
In  computing  liexiire,  no  account  was  taken  of  this  ciicnmstance. 

The  observations  >if  bSli,")  aUord  no  opportunity  lor  independent  determination  ol 
ilie  cosim*  flexuic.  of  the  circle  used  .  J  Z  W>  and  the  sine  Uexnre  (F)  were  louml  l>.\ 
I'rol'essor  Newcoml)  tiom  comparison  of  direct  and  rellected  observation*.*  The 
values  were — 

JZtiO^::  -".72 

FiHi  --  -",7.S 

The  result  of  the  liivesligation  for  FCM  in  the  volume  for  l«(i5  is  —  I".IL';  and  thiswa* 
ado|)ted  in  the  reductions,     I  hav<"  adopted  the  mean  of  the  two  results 

The  nn'an  by  weights  of  J  /'  «i7  and  J  /'  li.S  corrected  for  J  /,  /•'  and  /■''  was  thr«  taken 


•  IiitrcMi«t'<Hvi»  u>  WasliiiiKtim  iVsU'onomirui  Obai'iviiiioiis  On  l-ii(l,  \i 


\i.  win. 


/    HI 

"i 


W 


Jill  ^ll 


(  I 


I      1 

ii 


.!:i 


i  ; 


il 


■   !      «; 


I  ; 


'^llif! 


>il 

1 

i 

E;  S* 

-  i 

'  i 

i  1 

m 

464 


UNITED  HTATES  NOUTIJEHN  liOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


581 


aa  staiuliud,  with  wliicli   J  P  OO,  corrected  by  —  ".72  —  ".95  niii  Z  was  couiptutd. 
Arrnnp;ed  in  convenient  groups  tlio  results  are  tliese : — 


Group. 

Mean  Z 

A /'I  J]^|(coni'el.'<l) 
—  A  /'00(cMiricct('(l). 

n' 

Calc. —  oba. 

(1) 

o 

-  .14 

24 

+  .00 

V^) 

:i(i7 

—  .07 

;i2 

—  .OH 

(4) 

■M-i 

+  .12 

44 

^  O.J 

;ij.") 

+  .02 

70 

—  '.n 

(">) 

xii 

—  .25 

:i5 

+  .11 

(«) 
(7) 

:iiu 

—  .02 

50 

—  .10 

a 

—  .  25 

07 

+  .i;< 

(^•') 

i;i 

+  .03 

112 

—  .14 

('■') 

•a 

—  .(« 

ir.o 

—  .00 

(10} 

a-2 

+  .01 

101) 

-  .  12 

(11) 

4» 

—  .:tr. 

150 

+  .25 

(12) 

55 

—  .37 

02 

+  .28 

(i:!) 

G5 

—  .;!8 

42 

+  .21) 

(14) 

yas 

.  .      o*J 

21 

+  .20 

h',) 

ai4 

+ ;  10 

;i7 

—  .20 

(l(i) 

aoo 

+  .  15 

og 

—  .10 

(17) 

VJi 

+  .10 

Im) 

—  .10 

(18) 

105 

-  .37 

;!0 

+  .37 

(I'J) 

153 

+  .20 

:n 

—  .21 

(20) 

140 

.00 

14 

—  .01 

(ai) 

l\i-i 

—  .  02 

22 

00 

Tlio  results  from  (14)  to  (21)  are  Iroiii  retlectioii  oh.servatioiis.  Tli((  numbers  in 
tliird  colnniu  are  too  small  and  too  irrcfjular  to  exhibit  any  decided  prel'erenee  for  a 
fjiven  law.  It  will  be  assumed  that  the  above  value  of  A  ZiW  ie(]uires  correction,  and 
that  a  term  should  be  introduced  for  cosine  flexure.     I  have  found  : — 

—  ".00  [  ±  .01]  —  ".0()  f  i  .01]  cos  %. 

The  residuals  in  the  last  column  are,  on  the  whole,  very  satisfactory.  Those  in 
(11),  (12),  and  (l.'i).  however,  show  a  slifiht  tendency  to  deviation  from  the  assumed 
law.     We  have  arrived  at  the  following  corrections  to  J  P,  which  are  adojjted. 

//         //  // 

1800.     -  .78  —  .93  sin  Z  —  .00  cos  Z 

for—       ,    ivo  ,    o^    •     17       rt        r,  ,  Urrecular  correction  for  error  of   zenith) 
180(.     +.0^  +  .38sinZ-.5<cos/f  +  |      ,„,[„(;,,  \ 

1808.  —  ,29  +  .:5S  sin  Z ■\-  .57  cos  Z  + jlrregular  correctious.| 

1809.  +.44  +  .38  sin  Z  —  .57  cos  Z 

or  more  conveniently : 

1800.  -  .78  -  .95  sin  j  ;il2.5  +  /' j 

(A)  1807.  +  .08  +  .09  sin  j  2,52.0  +  P  i  +  etc. 

180S.  —  .29  4- .09  sill  j     5.2  + /'J  +  etc. 

1809.  +  .11  +  .09  sin  \  252.0  +  7' ( 

These  corrections  are  applicable  to  polar  distances  from  direct  observation. 


■^■■ja'wiM 


[59]  REPORT  OF  TUE  (JIllEE  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  II.  4(35 


Latitude  and  ItrJ'rmthm. 

In  this  series  of  obscrviitioiis,  tlicrc  is  no  iiiiUcriiil  tor  ('Xiiininiiiff  tlio  porrodtiioss 
of  the  adopted  teinperiitiire  coelllcient  of  atiuos|iiieiii!  e.\i)aii.sioii.  Uwiii;;  to  tlic  low 
elevation  oC  the  polci  and  the  delittieney  of  observations  at  low  altitudes  of  stars  at 
lower  tnii'.sit,  the  deteiniinatiou  of  an  imleijendent  constant  of  retraction  is  liliewise 
oat  of  the  qaestion.    The  process  of  obtaining;  J  v*  amy  be  inielly  sninaiat  ized. 

All  polar  distances  by  direct  i)bservation  in  each  of  the  years  were  corrected  by 
(A);  and  supi)osiug  the  dilTereaces  between  corrected  polar  distances  of  the  same  star 
from  upper  and  lower  culmination  to  be  duo  to  error  of  assumed  latitude  aud  refrac- 
tion constant,  wo  have — 


J  /'(IT.C 
+  J/ 


corrected  ) 
\i.  v..)  corre(;ted  ] 


J  c  —  I 


/>■)  fc 


!  ! '  1 1 


m 


The  results  of  all  the  years  combined  in  one  set  of  equations,  and  arranged  in  con- 
venient groups  following  the  order  of  jiolar  distance,  are  these : 


Ko. 

-■ 

Calc- 

-oils. 

stars'  iiaiiip,  or  miiii- 
bi'i"  of  stars. 

(1) 

2    Ad 

—  1  i:u ■+  .  11!)  =  0 

11 

.07 

/     ITrsiu  Xliiioris. 

(•-') 

9 

—  M:j    +  .CO 

2'J 

— 

.  k; 

(T     I'rsn'  .Miniiris. 

(:?) 

o 

—  Ill    4  .<-> 

1". 

— 

.01 

r,l(ll)  Ci'plifi. 

('!) 

o 

—  Ill    +l.("J 

22 

4 

.;!;! 

r5     L'rsn-  Mliioris. 

(i') 

2 

—  ino   +t.i'8 

10 

+ 

,  ;i2 

:i 

(fi) 

2 

-  \m   +  .<i(i 

20 

— 

.  1(1 

r> 

(7) 

2 

-171    +  .,-.-. 

:il 

-h 

.0!) 

7 

(f^) 

2 

—  l-.-i     +   ./H 

i:i 

+ 

.01 

3 

(9) 

2 

—  2W     -f-  •  •!" 

21 

— 

.17 

4 

(10) 

2 

-  210     +  .~-> 

H 

— 

.  0.') 

U 

(11) 

2 

—  2jr   +  .  sn 

ir. 

+ 

.14 

4 

(I-.') 

2 

—  2:!i;   +  .  11.-. 

r, 

+ 

.  IS 

1 

(Hi) 

2 

—  2.-,i)    +i.-.':t 

4 

H- 

.4.'-. 

2 

(14) 

2 

—  3:i0    +  .ed 

4 

+ 

.01) 

1 

The  coeCflcients  of  7.-  are  taken  at  their  mean  values  for  the  mean  temperature  at 
Wa.shington,  those  from  (11)  to  (14)  excepted,  which  are  for  lower  culmination  taken 
from  the  detailed  observations.    From  the  above  equations  result — 


Jc-  = 


'.;}09     -i:  ".10,-. ;  or  -  ".3S  +  8C".9  Ic 


l<    ;  ill 

i.!l| 


I;  =  +    .OOOU  i     .00119 


{Bessel's  refractions j  X  .09980  =  \Yashington. 

The  probable  error  of  /.:  is  thus  nearly  10  times  the  quantity  itself,  and  as  tho 
change  in  refraction   would  be  practically  insignifleant,  no  use  is  made  of  it.    The 
probable  error  of  J  y  is  with  respect  to  the  uncertainty  of  k.     A.ssuming  /.•  to  be  with- 
out error  the  probable  error  of  J  c  becomes  ±  ".03.    To  get  the  deviations  from  J  <p  the 
N  B 30 


w 
if 

I  Mi 

Mil 


li!! 


|!'![ 


11 


*'i^  lii 


lil 


Mi 


\v 


lip 


i-  ■     n' 


lilt 


406 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUX  BOUNDARY:  COMMISSION. 


f«01 


mitnhcra  in  coliiniii  ''Ciilc.  —  obs."  niiust  be  divided  hy  2.    Exc-ludiiig  all  observatiuim 
wliero  Z  >  75°,  tbo  results  of  separate  years,  for  latitude  are: 


18(Ui 

-  .1(1  -L-  .08 

1807 

—  :m  .\:  .(HI 

1808 

-  .  k;  j-  .(»(( 

18(!» 

-.•-'-'    1:  .lli 

Mean  by  \vei<; 

hts 

—  .;!7 

The  differences  are  not  inncli  {,'n^'"tfr  "'i'"  tlu?  probable  errors  would  lead  us  to 
expect,  especially  when  wo  consider  the  uncertiiinty  of  J  Z  fc.r  each  year. 

The  adopted  latitude,  3S°  oo'  ;i8".  l.'J,  is  more  than  «".8  less  tlian  that  found  in 
1845,»  with  the  mural  circle,  and  ".35  les.s  than  llie  result  with  the  same  instrumi'iit  in 
18Cl-L'-3-i.f  Tlie  difference  between  the  earliest  and  latest  determimition  is  appar- 
ently greater  than  the  .sum  of  any  probable  iiislniinental  errors  in  the  two  series.  If 
the  lle.\nre  from  opposing;  collimators  had  been  adopted,  tlie  seconds  of  latitude  would 
have  been  .'JS",0(5  very  nearly.  If,  on  tlie  otiier  hand,  we  take  the  results  of  comparison 
of  Me  OS  with  Wn  08,  and  sujjpose,  accordingly,  (hat  the  refractions  of  the  latter  oufjht 
to  be  midtiplied  by  .0953  the  seconds  of  latitude  are  .'is". 83;  leaving  a  dill'erence  not 
accounted  for  of  ".42;  and  this,  too,  uniler  the  extreme  supposition  that  the  retractions 
of  1845  are  correct,  while  tin  same  refractions  for  1808  need  to  be  multiplied  by  .0953. 

Combining  with  table  {A)  the  coirec^tioii  +  ".37,  for  —  J  sZ>  already  determined,  we 
arrive  at  the  following  definitive  correction  to  /'  and  J  P; 


{B) 


186C 
18C7 

1808 
1869 


-  .41  -  .95  sin  (312.5  +  /') 

+  .45  +  .09  sin  (252.0  +/')+)  —  "..'{4  to  nadir  values  of  P  and  J  i'.  j 

Irregular    corrections    for  error  of 


+  .08  +  .CO  sin  (    5.2  +  P)  +  | 
+  .81  +  .CO  sin  (252.0  +  P) 


zenith  points.    See  j).  47. 


Column  (P)  of  the  subjoined  table  is  constructed  fiom  these.  In  column  "Final" 
are  (bund  the  systematic  corrections  necessary  to  reduce  the  North  Polar  Distances,  after 
they  are  first  corrected  for  division  i-rror  and  error  of  certain  zenith  points,  to  the  Nor- 
mal System  of  this  paper.  It  is  formed  by  subtracting  from  (B)  the  declination  cor- 
rection of  Wn  08,  taken  from  Table  IX. 

"Appendix  to  WashiuBton  Astronoiiiieiil  Observations  for  184.">. 
t  Appendix  to  Wnsliiiiglon  Astronnajioal  01)3ervatioDS  for  1804. 


■mp"i^^"**«B«*<" 


|(U1  liKPOIlT  or  THE  CIUHF  ASTUUNOMKU,  Al'PKNDIX  II.  4(57 

Wn  GO-  ll'/t  0!).     Tdbk  of  cornctiniiH  to  I'ohir  JHslaitcrs  l»j  ilircct  olmrniliov* 


!t!   ' 


18C(1. 

181 

I  > 

IHI 

.j^ 

1811!). 

/' 

(/'■) 

Final. 

(/') 

linal. 

(/'■) 

liiiiil. 

(/.•)         riiiiii. 

n;i.-. 

II 

+  .no 

// 
+  .70 

—  .().-. 

+  .  1.-. 

II 

H-  .11.-. 

+  .:;(i       +  .ni 

iiiii 

+  .'17 

+  .ly 

—  .(Ill 

+  .(111 

—  .Ill 

+  .11.-. 

+  .•-(!         +  .•)! 

;t.l.''i 

+  .■!:! 

+  .w.\ 

—  .Ill 

—   .(1!) 

—  .Ill 

-1-  .III! 

H-  .'.'11        -1-  .:::! 

:i,'>o 

+  .  IHI 

+  .:!l 

+  .'JO 
+  .17 

+  ..11 

-  .1(1 

-   .11 

-h  .(li 

+  .117 

+  .-jii       +  .•'■' 

\\:<'\ 

+  .:!!•) 

-  .H 

-    .Ill 

+   ..M 

+  .11) 

+  .  17          +  .  Ill 

:!(;() 

+  .•■>'.) 

—  .'Jil 

—   .till 

+   .11 

+  -It 

+  .1.-.      +  .ir. 

5 

+  .yi 

-  .yi 

—  .'.';! 

+   .'JO 

+  .H 

+  .  14         -1-  .  1',' 

lit 

+  .i-i 

—  .'.':! 

—    .i-H 

4  .■-'11 

+  .'il 

+  .111      +  .(H 

l.'i 

+  .111 

+  .(i;i 
-  .  n  1 

(II, 

—  .',';i 

—  .111! 

+  .:w 

+  .--> 

-\-  .  v.        +  .d.' 

uo 

—  .i-j 

—  .'iW 

—  .:iH 

+  .117 

+  .y-j 

+  A-l         —  .(« 

12.') 

-  .'ji 

—  .y:i 

—  .Ill 

-1-  .-lit 

+  .yit 

--  .11!         —  .('7 

:)0 

—  A'i 

—  .;iH 

^  .^o 

—  .1-1 

-1-  .4M 

+  .'J-J 

+  . 14     :     —  .  \i 

;i,'. 

—  .--'0 

_  _      r^'t 

—  !'jo 

-,o 

+  ..VJ 

+  .yii 

-1-  .  iri       -  .  17 

40 

—  .'.'I 

- ;  \\\ 

—  .H 

—  !r.4 

+  ..^7 

+  .--'1 

+  .  17     :     —  .  1!) 

■ir> 

—  .:i7 

—  .  Ill 

.".■■, 

-1-  .111 

+  .'jj 

+  .--(1         -    .11) 

,MI 

—  .4.'. 

—  "h? 

-  .l:i 

—  .  '.:■> 

-!-  .(11 

-t-  .-a 

4-  .aj       —  .•■JII 

TiTi 

-  .  r.;t 

—   .!H 

—  .Ill) 

. .'  1 

+  .<■•< 

+  .-jii 

+  .yr.       —  .111 

(ill 

—  .IW 

—  I.ll'.l 

—  .11.') 

—    fi'' 

+  .711 

+  .•.':i 

+  .  Ill)          —  .  17 

Ci.'i 

—  .711 

--l.'JII 

—  .Ill 

-    .".M 

-t-  .71! 

+  .•r.\ 

+  .114     '     —  .1(1 

Til 

—  .'77 

— i.;!i> 

+  .(Ki 

—    .'>!' 

+  .  74 

+  .-iV 

+  .:iii       -.11 

*.'■ 

—  .H.') 

— 1.1(1 

^-  .(H 

.  17 

-f-   .711 

+  .'Ji 

+.41          -.11 

Ml 

—  .02 

—  1 . 1'.i 

+  .11 

—  .1:1 

+  .711 

+  .  Ill 

+  ..111         —  .(w 

Ki 

—  .1.1!) 

— 1..-|7 

+  .  1!) 

—   .  li'.l 

+  .77 

+  .  11) 

4-  ..".'i      —  .1111 

'.III 

—  l.d.'i 

—  1.(11 

+  .'J.'. 

—  .Ill 

+  .7(1 

+  .  1'.) 

4-  .(111        4  -111 

'.1.') 

—  1.11 

—1.711 

+  .:iii 

—  .-i!) 

-1-  .711 

+  .  11) 

^.  .(ill        -f-  .117 

IIKI 

-i.ir. 

+  .".11 

—  .--'1 

+  .71 

+  .11 

-(-  . 7-J        4  .  \i 

l(ir> 

— i.'ji 

— lif'l 

+  .'\i 

—  .'-'l 

+  .7-2 

+  .(11) 

+  .7H        4-  .!.'■> 

111) 

—1.  •,>.'. 

—1 .  '.!.-> 

+  ..n 

—     *X'l 

+  .711 

(111 

4  .  ^  t         4-  •  1 1 

ll.'i 

— 1.-2'.) 

—'J.  nil 

+  .r,i 

—  .  -ill 

+  .117 

-  .Ki 

4-  .!'(i    ,    +  .  til 

ICil 

-i.:i-.' 

.1^  .J.*, 

+  .(1(1 

—  .IM 

+   .111 

—  .  '-ill 

4  .'.111    '    -1-  .I'l! 

1-^-. 

— i.;u 

—•i  41! 

H-  .(111 

—  .  ):! 

+  .(111 

—  .  r.i 

-1-1.  Ml           — ■  .IH 

•  .\ncxi)Iiinal  1(111  of  tlic  (liH'crc'iioi.  bi'twcoii  tlu!  corn'siiDiullii^;  iiiiiiilii'iH  I'diilaiiu'il  in  coliiniiis  "(1!)" 
anil '■Final"  is  sii^^iiMti'il  in  the  eo  uiiaiison  of  Wasliington  unil  Mcllionnie  imlar  (llntaijcee.  (f«i'e  pp. 
CG  to  08.) 


%' 


^ 


^, 


.^a 
^   ^ 

*>*>, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


A 


:/. 


1.0    iP^  1^ 

^^S     lit  K£    12.2 

I"  Hi  ™" 


1.25    |||.4      1.6 

< 

6"     

► 

^ 


'/ 


w 


/ 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  Wist  MA:^  >TRIIT 

WUSTH.N.Y.  14S80 

(716)S72-4S03 


^ 


^ 

**>^ 

:^>^ 
''^' 

k 


468 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHEKN  BOUNDABY  COMMISSION. 


[621 


With  tho  corrections  in  column  (B),  and  tbe  table  of  weigbts,  on  p.  53  tbo  follow- 
ing catalogue  is  constructed,  wbicb  appears  to  n>quiro  no  explanation,  except  tbnt  tbo 
deliuitive  declinations  converted  Irom  N.  P.  D.  are  first  given,  followed  by  their 
respective  weights ;  and  after  these  tho  seconds  of  declination  converted  in  like  man- 
ner for  separate  years : 

TV»  C8 Catalogue. 


Star's  name. 


(I  IfiCS.O. 


a    AndromediB 

y    Pep;a8i 

a    CamiopeiB 

/3    Cell 

tf I  CasBiopoiB 

31  Cassiopro),  S.  P  ... 

f     Pianiiini 

V    PiBciam 

a    Ui>a>  Minoris 

a    Uisos  Minoris  S.  P. 

«    Ceti 

A   CaHsiopea; 


as  21 
14  WU 

r>&  48 

18  4-i 
74  15 


41.:!0 
&7.84 
4r>.  0!) 
4'.>.  44 
57.  &1 


7  10 
80  :I4 

88  -M 


42. 73 
08. 1)4 
20.33 


+ 


7    Piscinm 

0    PiHciiim 

0  Ariel  i« 

50  CasBiopriD i  -j- 

50  CamiopeiB,  8.  P j 

1  Arietis + 

f    Cell :  -f 

J     Ca»giopi's j  -- 


8  51 
09  35 

14  3!) 

8  29 
20  09 
71  40 


55.48 
02. 07 

51.18 
31.44 
41.09 

49. 78 


Cuti 
Pffsui . 
Cell... 


Cephri(48H) 

Ccpbfi  (48  li.)  8.  P. 

Arielis 

Persei 

PerM'i 

Ttturl 

Persei 

Eridanl 

Taurl  . 

Taiirl 


22  .'•0 

8  13 

iKi  48 

2  40 
52  13 

3  34 


12. 29 
3.1.  38 
22. 85 
39. 92 
12.  48 
12. 14 


+  77  14  42.20 


n    Tanri  

a    C'aoivlopardalis 

I  Anri);iD 

II  Orionis 

a    AuilciB 

0    Orionia 

P    Tuuri  

Groonibriilge  90(i 

Grooiiibriilgo90U,  8  P 

i    Orionia 

a    Lciioria 


t    Orionia... 

a    ColniiibiD. 

I  a  Orionia... 


20  33 
49  23 
47  21 
23  41 

31  29 
13  r)3 
15  18 
18  53 

10  14 

til',  nii 

32  57 
15  13 
45  51 

8  21 
28  29 
74  50 


11.28 
18. 20 
43. 94 
39. 92 
19. 1(1 
10. 10 
22. 20 
0.'>.  09 

28. 12 
49.  30 
13.72 
02. 29 
3li.  35 
23. 54 
33. 98 
58. 71 


0  23 

17  r.5 


.r8.  43 
0.».  93 


—  1  17  20. 18 

—  34  U8  47.  .')8 
-f    7  22  4ti.  37 


44 

45 
23 
34 
38 


35 

7 

112 


47 
32 
17 
31 
3 
38 

41 


27 
24 
8 
30 
18 
25 
30 
32 

4.-. 
19 
31! 
2li 
Hi 

:t5 

44 

5 


1800. 


<J         t' 


ie«7. 


41.0 
58. 4 

i:>.  9 

42.1 
57.0 
58.3 
43.0 


20. 7 
•<0.4 
.55. 0 


51.3 
32.  3 
41.4 
50. 0 
48.0 
12.5 
33. 9 
2J.4 
40.0 


12.7 

41.8 
42. 8 
II. G 
18.5 


34 
2 

36 

8 

42 


40.1 

18.8 

10.  r, 
21.8 
05.7 

28.1 
49. 4 
1.1.8 
02. 9 

:u>.  5 

23.4 
34.2 


58.0 


19.7 

47.8 
40.0 


41.4 

58.0 
45.0 
42.2 
r>0.2 
.57.3 
42.0 
08.9 
20.2 
80.3 
55.4 


10 


1808. 


50.7 
30.  U 
40.3 

49. 1 
49.9 
12.1 
33.  3 

22. 2 
40.1 
12.5 
12.2 


42. 0  5 

42. 1  7 
11.0  10 
18.4  7 


40.1 
17.9 
10.3 
22.1 
05.7 


13  28. 2 
7  I  49.0 
9  I  It. 8 
9  1  02.0 
4  !  3li.0 
13  I  23.  8 
13     34.0 


58.0     11 


.1        1     T' 


1 809. 


80.3    11 


46.3    13 


41.7 

50. 9 
45. 6 
43.1 
57.5 
.57. 1 
42.4 


20.2 
20. 2 
5.5.4 
02.1 

51.3 
31.2 
41.2 
51.0 
49.4 
12.1 
33.  3 
22.  (i 
39.9 


12.2 

42. 5 
41.5 
11.3 

17. 5 
43. 3 
39.9 
'iO.4 
09.6 
22. 5 
05.9 

28.4 
49.  4 
14.1 
01.0 
3,-).  8 
22.9 

:!;i.  9 

.57.7 
00. 3 
58.3 


20.4 
48.0 
40.  U 


7 
6 
7 
5 
6 
9 
7 
7 
7 
13 

10 

5 

8 

0 

5 

7 
11 

3 

2 

7 


40.7 
.57. 9 
44.6 
42.9 


58.1 


19.9 
20.7 


.52. 0 
31  5 
42.0 
49. 5 
49. 5 
12. 5 
33. 0 
23.  0 
38.8 


10. 5 


43.5 
11.3 
17.0 
40.0 
39.1 


09.1 
23. 7 

05. 4 

27.7 

49. 5 
13.0 
0.1.0 
:t8.3 
24.4 

3;'..  7 


.59.  0 
09.  9 

'.'0. 1 
47.0 
45.0 


T-    I 


103] 


REPORT  OF  TDE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  D. 


469 


Wn  08 Catalogue — Continued. 


Star's  nniue. 


CnpirlnpanlalU  (33  II)  .. 

Oi-iiiinorum 

Qeminonim 

Copliei(&l  11) 

Cpliei  (r.lH.)S.P 

Ciiiiis  Mujuris 

CuiiIh  MnjorU 

QHUiiuoruoi 


i  1I-08.0. 


+  C9  -Jl  38. 95 

+  ay  ;i4  4i.«;» 
-I-  i(!  :m  :».  at 

+  87  u  as.  eu 


—  as  47  4(1.  Kt 

—  a(>  11  OH.  4-2 

—  10  4(i  30. 87 


A    Oominornm I  +  32  l:l80.f>a 

Pi.  VII  07 -H  OH  4:1  iO.'Ji 

a*  Qoriiiiioriim j  -f  ^a  10  i.'().41 

;i    Ouuiiiiuriiiu   +aH'.0:)a.07 

^    Qviiiiunriim ]  +  37  (Mi  1(1. 71 

Ursm  Majoris(a  11) I  +  uH  :a  :!0.  47 

15  Aruiiii [  —  a:i  .Vi  33.88 

e     llyilriB 1+     Of)!  0X44 

1     lli'KiD  Majoris +  48  :<:i  37.00 

o«  Ui-810  Majoris I  +  07  40  03.77 


K    Cancri 

"    Lyncis 

nracoDi8(l  II) 

l)ru<'onm(lII.)S.P. 

a    Hyilrio 

S4  UiRiD  Majoris 

0    VncB  Majoris 

e    Lcuiiis 

It    i^eonis 

a    LkouIs 

33  Urso)  Majoris 


11  11 

34  :>('> 

81  54 


50.00 

:,:<.  34 

30. 1; 


f 


Lconis + 

niaconis(9  1I) ,  + 

Draconis  (9  H.)  8.  P !  .. 

LcniitH + 

Lcoiiis j  4- 

IJrsuj  Majoris [  + 

IJrwo  Majoris -j- 

Lfoiiis '  -j- 

C'rutcris — 

Kroiiis <  -f- 

DruuHiiB -f 

Lponis — 

Umui  Majoris    

Lconis 

Urso!  Majoris 

VirjjiiiiM 

Draconis  (4  II) 

l)ruvi>iiiB(4II.)S.P 

VirgiDis + 

('orvi   — 

Draoonis + 


8  05 
70  34 
fia  10 
31  33 
3(i  37 
12  3C 
05  45 

30  30 
70  33 


17.00 

37.  OJ 
3li.  90 
49. 3rt 
37. 43 
39. 55 
54.91 

38.  or. 

39. 48 


IflOG. 


1867. 


1868. 


1860. 


9  59 
U  14 

r)7  0.'. 

03  37 
31   14 

14  113 
3  31 

70  03 

0  O.'i 
48  31 

15  18 
54  •.i5 

9  37 
78  30 


04. 99 
31.03 
30.  :«i 
4t>.  33 
4('..  01 
53. 33 
.^7. 95 
33.  15 

43.  no 

39. 10 
34.73 
43.  H7 
57. 93 
69.70 


Canirlo|iaT()uli8(33  II) 
Catuulopardalis  (33 II.)  8.  P. 


a    Caniim  Vonaticorum  . 
0    Vir({inis 


+ 


0  04 
33  39 
70  30 
84  07 


00. 19 
■59. 00 
.58. 53 
60. 03 


+  39  01  54. 03 
—    4  50  01. 45 


33 


41.7 
33. 7 

39. 0 
38.8 
40.  3 
15  07. 8 
3     30. 9 


43 
8 
41 
48 
35 
3 
30 
39 
33 
31 

37 

8 
SO 


30.7 


39 
3 
5 
30 
33 
45 
10 

43 
33 


35 
30 
5 
.30 
41 
39 
31 
38 

34 

3 

44 

31 

35 
37 


30 
33 
14 
27 


40 
34 


8S.9 
31.9 
10.4 


33.9 
03.  3 
37.7 
03.8 

60.0 


17.2 


49.4 
38. 3 
39.7 


29. 1 
39.1 


05.1 
34.1 


4.5. 1 
40.8 
!>3. 3 

n.  5 

M.  0 

44.5 

•S'i'Y 
43. 8 
58. 0 
59.7 
(10. 3 
69. 0 
69.7 
68.7 
..l.U 


y 


41.0 

:«.  3 

38.5 
29.4  I 
40.3 


39.7 


54.1 
01.3 


10 


20.4 
61.4 
29.7 
:i3.3 
10.2 


33.4 
03.7 
28.1 
03.9 

50.9 
5,5.  3 
19. 6 
19.0 
16.6 


37.0 
49.3 
37.4 
39.0 


88.2 
29. 4 
29.8 
05. 0 
3:1.4 
20.4 
40.1 
40.4 
63.4 
68.3 
33.3 

43.3 
3H.1 
34.8 
43  5 
67.0 
69. 4 
69.8 
00.3 
59. 0 
58.3 
49.4 


64.0 
01.8 


41.6 
33.0 
39.4 
28.5 
41.2 
08.9 


80.2 
49. 8 
29.4 
32.8 
17.3 


31.5 
0:1.5 
27.4 
03.6 

60.7 


81.8 
80.3 
17.4 
27.6 


48.4 

38.0 
39.1 
55.0 

88.5 
89.9 
89.3 
0.5. 3 
34.0 


47.1 
47.0 
63. 3 
.59. 5 
34.0 

43.5 


34.7 
43.6 
.^>8.  4 
69.9 
50.1 
01.4 

59. 4 
68.8 

60. 5 
40.6 

6.3.8 
01.3 


38.8 
41.0 
38.7 

28.4 

40.' 7 
09.3 


6 

4 

II 

7 

"a 
1 


21.1 

"ao.e" 
:(3.o 

17.0 
30.5 

33.3 

03.3 
87.4 
03.0 


10 

"h 

0 
10 
2 
0 
II 
6 
0 


60. 0  I  10 


17.3 


49.8 
36.6 
39.7 

54.8 

28.9 
89.3 

Oi.'i 
34.0 


46.0 
46.3 
64.8 
67.5 
38.7 

43.3 


34.8 
42.7 
67.8 
60.7 

oo.'a" 

59. 9 
68.7 
49.9 


64.0 
01.3 


9 
10 
10 

6 

10 
0 

"T 

8 


1'    f 


,'  I 


'I  I 


•'  f  'ft 


470  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.  [Olj 

ir»  OS Catalogue— Contiv  ed. 


Star's  name. 

<J  1868.0. 

V 

1866. 

1807. 

1868. 

1809. 

<I 

7r' 

it 

It' 

d 

it' 

d 

It' 
0 

o    Virginia 

0     '        // 
—  10  28  17.23 
+  5.5  36  M.  49 
+    0  04  47. 43 
+  .50  01  31.1K1 
+  41  45  05.79 
+  19  03  37. 23 
+  49  .58  22.25 
+  28  01  31.09 

+  05  00  20. 27 
+  25  43  04.  .59 
+  19  52  14.40 
H-  52  27  41.00 
+  38  .53  13. 10 
+  70  10  57. 98 

48 
7 

42 
5 
8 

44 

32 
7 

20 

7 

48 

22 

5 

:t8 

1 
17.4 

if.'a' 

':'!7.'o 
22.7 

14 

'i:)' 
ii' 

8 

II 

17.  .1 

M.  5 
48.0 

32. 0 
05.  8 
37.1 
22.  0 
31.1 

20.0 
04.6 
14. 5 

42. 1 
1.<.1 
58.  3 
58.7 
50. 8 
.5.5.2 
89.6 
23.0 

41.0 
4(1. 9 
(04.7) 
09.0 
45. 1 
39.7 
29. 8 
13.4 

14 

7 
12 

5 

8 
13 
12 

7 

9 

7 
1.1 

9 

5 

9 

2 

8 
14 
11 

7 

11 

5 

('') 

8 
10 
12 
11 

5 

16.7 

U 

X7.1 

C*   Un*iD  M^fo^iB    •  ..... 

47.0 

10 

40.0 

7 

It.  A. C.  4096 

n   itootiH 

37. 6 
2:1.0 

10 
7 

:»7. 5 

21. 3 

7 
5 

17    UnuB  Mnjoris 

n  Uoolis 

0    Dracouis •.... 

25. 0 

0 

26.9 

4 

26.0 

7 

14.8 
41.0 

"57.  i' 

14 

0 

"'h' 

14.3 
41.4 

12 
4 

14.1 
42.7 

t) 
3 

0     IkKittS 

y     lIootiH  ......  . 

.59. 3 

58.4 

7 
6 

.56.8 

6 

5    I'fMD  MinoriH. S  P... 

H.A  U  4827  . 

+  47  21  .'>fl.77 
+  27  37  .'^.ri.a4 
-  15  29  29.70 

+  38  21  aa.9t.i 

+  74  41  41.58 

8 
45 
38 

7 

48 

'55.':V 
29.8 

49.4 

40.8 

11 

8 
5 

.55.7 
29.6 

10 

8 

M.6 
29.8 

9 

8 

B.A,C.4tt97 

/3    Un>ro  Minoris 

41.8 
41.7 

7 
* 

41.4 

8 


0    Ursus  MiDoriH,  8.  P 

'       lJ"«ti8 \}/^- 

/?    Ikmtis 

(01.72) 
+  41  .50  09.  U2 
+  4(1  -A  44. 85 
—     8  .-.3  :i8.  79 

+  :t7  50  a9.  :«i 

+  72  18  13.48 

(•'■>) 
8 
24 
40 
34 
22 

38.' 3 
29.2 
14.8 

12' 
10 
6 

4.5.2 

;i8.3 

29.4 
13.6 
12.2 
37.9 

7 
8 
7 
6 
2 
9 

41.1 

38.7 
28.8 
11.7 

7 
8 
6 
3 

y^  Ur>a)  Minorm 

>«   L'l>iO  Minoris,  S,P 

+  27  09  37. 30 

+  43  ;io  ao.  97 

+  40  47  04.51 
+  26  42  54. 00 

+    0  ,50  33. 37 
+     4  .52  30. 73 
+  78  11  57.04 

40 
7 
7 
5 

43 
35 
27 

37.5 

14 

:Ui.9 
21.0 
04. 5 
54.0 

3.3. 5 

:io.8 

.50.9 

14 
7 
7 
5 

13 

12 

5 

37.1 

9 

IJ.A.  C.  5157 

6    biMitia ......         

a    Srrpentic 

33. 5 
30. 5 
57. 8 

12 
9 

8 

32.8 
3().  9 
50.3 
57.3 

10 

8 
5 
5 

33.1 

:t6.8 

»>.  4 

8 
C 
4 

e    St'riM'iiiis 

t*    l'r»ffi  Minoris 

g    (^otoDiD  liorvaliH  . . . .     ...... 

+  27  15  41.. 54 

—  22  14  37. 14 
+  .55  07  as.  31 

—  19  26  3(».28 
+  Cn-  09  29.24 

—  3  21  08.  SO 
+  19  08  35. 21 

+  40  37  44. 02 
+  32  :i8  33.  47 

—  aC  08  11.36 
+  01  18  48.77 
+  09  03  12.81 

—  10  17  .50.81 
+  39  10  28.:  4 
-f-     9  34  .'.(i.  0(i 
+  33  45  39.  30 
+  82  14  59. 40 

4 

SO 
8 

32 
3 

:t6 

7 

33 
7 

32 
14 

17 

30 
29 
37 
9 
36 

41.5 
30.4 

4 

2 

d     St'orpii    .                ...       

37.9 

";!i.'2 

08.9' 
44.1 

6 

"io" 
"16' 

10 

:t7. 1 

25. 3 
2-.  9 

68."5 
3.5. 2 

44.4 

33. 5 
11.0 
49. 0 

12. 4 
50. 9 

29. 5 
57.0 

9 

8 

11 

U 

7 

10 
7 
10 
8 
5 
10 
It 
11 

30.2 

3 

it.  A.C.5:U3 

ii^  8cor]>ii 

30.7 
'68."9' 

6 

30. 9 
29. 2 
09. 5 

5 
3 
6 

16  ilercutis 

T    Herciil is 

43.8 

6 

43.6 

7 

a    Scorpii 

ff     Draooiiis ..... 

11.5 

i3."o 

.50.7 

28.8 
55.8 

10 

"4' 

10 
10 
10 

11.8 
4-.  5 
12.  5 
,50.  7 
27. 5 
,W.  7 
39. 0 

8 
6 
6 
0 
6 
9 
7 
8 
4 

11.0 

4 

13.  3 
51.2 

28.1 
5.5. 5 
40. 5 
69.2 

2 
4 
2 

2 
3 

f    Opbincbi 

.59.0 

u 

.59. 3 

10 

.59.  3 
.59. 0 

E    Ur&tD  Miuoris.  8.  P 

i        ...         .      . 

|«r,| 


UEPORT  OP  THE  CDIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  471 

Wn  G8——C(ito/o>iPue— Continued. 


Star's  naoio. 

<)  iH(ia.o. 

n' 

186C. 

1867. 

180H. 

18G0. 

.1       1    IT- 

A 

«• 

« 

tr' 

i 

ir' 

n.A.C.&Mll 

+  55  fiO  11.70 

4-  14  :i2  :i4.2:i 

-i-  :i7  25  52. 74 
+  40  (1(1  Jl.2i 

—  i:  t  o;i  o:i.  .52 

+  4rt  22  10.  Kt 
+  52  2;l  .50.  44 

+  12  ;i!t  20.:(0 

+  (W  40  (17.  42 
+  27  47  5H.  50 

+  72  12  4:..  74 
+  48  25  51.  15 
+  51  :I0  10.41 

—  :U)  25  21.  12 

—  21  05  2.5.  (i;l 
+  mi  Mi  1.-I.04 

— "  2  5.5  fiO./li 

—  «  20  01.  75 
+  38  30  41.  05 
4-  20  25  18.77 

+  Xl  12  ;io.(i3 

—  2(127  27.07 
+  75  l(i  :tti.(17 

5 

.38 

7 

5 

30 

7 

4 

41 

23 

:i8 

15 

H 
27 

0 
2(i 
00 

""{rt 

3(1 

40 

7 

34 
2-2 
27 

II 

II 
11.7 

;i;».8 

.52.7 
21.3 
03.  (i 
10.  8 

r> 
12 
7 
5 
10 
7 

11 

II 

n>   llerculiH 

f     liercullH ■•... 

34.1 

(I3.'l» 

13 

'i(V 

34.0 

0 

3fi.O 

4 

U.A.C.5874 

44  Uitliiuclii 

03.7 

7 

01.5 

3 

X    Ht*rciiUH..i... 

50. 4 
30. 4 

07. 0 

58.8 

4.5. 3 

4 
0 
7 
7 

0 

.... 

28.8 
07.0 
58.5 

13 

H 

13 

20.  (> 

07.8 
.'•>8. 3 

40.0 
51.  1 
10. 4 

25."o 
10.1 
18.7 

.50.  1 
01.8 
43.0 

18.8 

:».  0 

28.0 
3«.« 

14 

8 
12 

U 

H 
10 

7 
14 
13 

0 

0 
14 

7 

10 

8 
8 

80.4 

6 

u    Draoonis  ,., 

58.7 

6 

tfc*  Drocoiiis  .....  .............. 

e    IlorciiliH 

iiVi 
20.0 

20.  3 
IH.H 
18,2 
51.4 
01.5 
44.4 

8 
5 
7 
14 
14 
7 
10 
15 

10.7 
21.2 
20. 0 
18.5 
18.0 
50. 3 
01.0 
43. 0 

It 
4 
0 

12 
0 
5 
0 

11 

y^  Kii|;il>u>'>' 

li'   Kiiciltiirii 

84.7 

18.9 
18.5 

3 

4 

10 

i    Ur8KMiuoris,8.P 

n    StTiHtiitiB ................... 

I     AmiiIIib ..... 

08.1 
44.2 

8 

9 

n     }j\'t8&  .............. .1.. .... 

30.0 

27.  H 

:«i.  3 

11 
7 

8 

:«».3 

28.1 
37.4 
3(1  5 

7 
7 
5 

r> 

0 

39.5 

6 

0    HiiKittarii. ...,. 

W*  Draconia 

TiO  Dnu'oniH  S  P 

30.9 
07.7 

1 
2 

C     Adiiilffi...    ................. 

4-  13  40  00.  (i8 
+  32  17  42,  4 1 
+  05  45  27.  m 
—  10  11  0(!.82 
+  (-.7  25  4.5.74 
+  73  0(i  34.  (ki 

'""si 

7 

H 
7 

2'. 
11 

dl).  7 

y 

00.8 
42.4 
27.7 

40.'(V 
34. 5 

11 

7 

8 

6 
5 

10. 0 

17  Lvras 

'45.'2 

"¥ 

d    Sa^ittarii 

00.8 
4.5. 3 
3.5.4 

7 

n 

4 

47.7 

8 

T     DracouiH  .......  ............ 

:i3.o 

8 

d    AnuiltD ....... 

+    2  51  13.44 

+  34  10  2.5. 30 

—  7  10  07.38 
+  54  40  54.77 
-j-  10  17  3li.2(i 
4-     «  31    17.88 
4-  flO  .55  5:1.  8 1 
4-     (•)  (U  41.01 
4-  8d  51  44.03 

'+'"c'r.i'2(V(i7' 

—  12  .57  (1(1. Ill 
4-  77  18  44.85 

28 

7 
80 

7 
41 

13.7 

'67.'2' 
3(1.  'i 

8 

"i> 
ii' 

13 

13. 5 

2.5.4 
07. 2 
.54. 8 

:«!.  3 

17.  5 
54.1 

13 

7 

10 
7 
13 
13 
8 
12 
13 
7 
8 
11 

5 
7 
10 
8 
7 
11 
10 

n 

13.1 
07.' 7 

7 

•i6- 

... 

.... 

It.  A.  0.0748 

37.0 
18. 7 

■53.  4 
43.8 
44. 0 

44.8 
2.5.  (! 
00.  3 

44.8 
44. 0 
33.2 

10 
11 
0 
9 
11 
11 

8 
10 

7 
3 
U 

a5.2 
16.4 

7 
6 

a     A(|HiliD 

e     Dracnnia 

jj  Aiiiiiiio 

42  1  18.1 
14  i 

32  44. 4 

72  i  41.  (i 

1  4.5.2 

25  1  20,0 

33  !  (lfi-0 

<J  !  44.'.! 

42.0 

2 

A    Urftt)  Minoris    .............. 

11 

8 

0 

12 

45. 1 
44. 0 

20. 0 
00.7 

4.5.2 
44.0 

32. 1 
28. 5 

r..5. 1 

23.  3 
31.0 
37.1 
3(1.4 
00.  2 
12.2 

X    l!r»ipMinori8,8.P 

45.1 

11 

a^    (JiLiiricoriii       ...  ...... ...... 

K   rcplici    

K    lltplu'i, S. P 

2,5 

44.5 

3 

—  18  38  ,S2.(;8 

4-  ;i8  (Id  28,51 

4-  3(!  00  .55.  14 
4-   1(1  51  22.(18 
4-  41  4H  31.  .50 

—  0  2-1  3(1.00 
4-  40  30  X1.75 
4-  31  0(1  0,5.01 
4.  20  41   11.  IK) 

28 
H 
7 
28 
35 
27 

32.0 

0 

40  CvK"' 

42  < 'vyiii 

e    Di'lpliiiii 

n     <".VKlii 

11    Ai|ii»ril 

V    CvKiii 

(U'CjKui...., 

C    Cvuiii 

22. 3 
34.0 
3ii.  i 

8 
12 

8 
11 
11 

u 

22. 3 
34.0 
:U'i.  3 

0 

0 

10 

7 

7 
0 

34.4 

4 

30  !  35.  4 
30     05. 8 
38      11.0 

12  !  3.5.2 

12 
12 

05. 0 
11.7 

11.5 

U 

\i 


% 


■I '■  t  ■■  f- 


i 


472  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Wn  68— —Catalogue — Continned. 


I66J 


Star's  uame. 


a    Cepbni 

I  IV)in8i 

13    Anaaril  

3    CVphel 

72  Cygui 

(    Aqiiaril 

r    IVgusi 

II  Cupbei 

/i    Cupricorui . . . . 

79  DruconU 

79  DriiconiN.S.P. 


a    Aqiiarii  

8    Aqnarii — 

ir    Aqnarii  

38  PoKasI 

a    LaotrtiB .. 

tl    Aqnarii  

Ophci  (iKO  U) 

Cepbii.  caa  U),  s.  p. 

f    Pe^asi 

1     Ccpbpi 

X    Aquarii  


6  1600.0. 


fa  01 

Il»  14 

0  09 
(19  M 
:i7  fi(i 
H  SSi 
9  10 
70  4i 
II  lU 
7U  04 


30. 47 
'-'7.  M 
01.83 
03.  (Hi 
:15.91 
41.59 
15.44 
14. -.i? 
19.  Vi 
40.94 


0  67 

H  ao 

0  4i 

31  r>3 
49  :<o 

0  47 
75  i'i 


3C.C9 
23.01 
30.17 
51. 40 

v>.:m 

50.03 
47.10 


+ 


PJHoiii  AuBtralis 

Pp)(a8i + 

Anclmmedo) 4- 

CVjibei -j- 

PlHciuiu I  4- 

Piscium I  — 

Cepbei + 

Cepbei,8.P 

Oroonibridge  4103.  -f 

Pisciuni 4- 


10  Ot* 

m  30 

8  l(i 

30  19 
14  'M 
49  20 
07  23 
5  39 
4  54 
70  5^1 


34. 33 
24. 08 
.^3.20 

Ui.  74 

43.  51 
05.  40 
22. 58 

I4.;i2 

39. 27 
44. 08 


73  40 
0  07 


32. 48 
DO.  40 


1800. 


35 
27 
33 
22 
7 
22 
41 
20 
27 
25 


SO 

30 

88 

0 

3 

30 

7 


29 
17 

24 

21 
43 

7 
18 

28 
30 
32 


7 
30 


30.5 
27.8 
02.0 
5.1.7 

ii.'o' 

1.').  0 
14.4 
19.1 


30.9 
23.2 
30.0 
51.4 
1.5. 4 
49.9 


34.0 
23. 0 
53.0 

10.8 
43.7 
05.2 

i3.'9 
39. 2 
45.3 
41.9 


50.8 


1807. 


1808. 


37.0 
27.3 
01.4 
53. 0 
:i5. 9 
41.1 
15.0 
14.1 
lrt.4 
41.2 
42.2 

35.8 
22. 5 
liO.  2 


49.7 


34.0 
24.1 
.52. 5 

10. 2 
43.4 
0.5. 0 
23. 0 
14.0 
39.  0 
44.8 
44.8 


50.1 


34.9 
27.5 
02.2 

53. 5 


10 


12 


.11.8 
15  1 
14.3 
10. 3 
40.2 
40.4 

37.0 
2:t.5 
1^9.0 


CO.  7 
47.1 
47.3 
35. 3 
24.  t: 
53.5 

17.2 
43.1 


22.2 
14.5 
38.5 
44.5 
44.2 
32.4 
50.0 


1869. 


37.2 


02.0 
53.9 


1.5.3 


40.3 
36.8 


50.2 
34.' i 


44.0 


4r.4 


The  value  of  "  C  in  "Details  of  Corrections,"  etc.,  is  computed  from  these  declina- 
tions ;  and  in  column  "  obs."  the  values  of  it'  are  given  instead  of  the  number  of  obser- 
vations. 

A  comparison  of  this  catalogue  with  the  polar  distances  of  the  Melbourne  General 
Catalogue  (Me  G8)  may  not  be  devoid  of  interest.  The  mean  epochs  of  observation 
in  each  are  nearly  identical,  so  that  erroneous  proper  motions  will  be  practically  with- 
out influence  in  the  comparison.  In  the  comparison*  by  E.  J.  Stone,  of  Qreenwich  and 
Melltonrne  (to  which  reference  is  elsewhere  made),  the  refraction  at  the  latter  place 
la  supposed  to  lie  different  for  equal  zenith  distances  north  and  south.  From  circum- 
polar  stars  observed  at  Melbourne,  with  a  correction  of  +  ".15  to  <p,  it  was  found  that 
the  adopted  refractions  should  be  multiplied  by  .99G28.  From  comparisons  of  stars 
common  to  Greenwich  and  Melbourne  the  latter  quantity  was  found  to  he  .990SG. 
These  results  were  adopted  in  formation  of  Me  118.  Though  possible  on  a  priori 
grounds,  this  hypothesis  is  open  to  serious  objections,  when  we  consider  the  difficulty 

*  E.  J.  Stoiio,  Munlb.  Not.,  28,  p.  27 


y 


[67] 


REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.         473 


of  deteruiining  ( 1—  k)  independently,  at  the  latitude  of  Melboarnt,  and  tbe  small  weight 
of  the  actual  determination,  with  a  circle  which  was  throughout  used  in  a  single 
position.  Before  comparing  I  have,  therefore,  reduced  the  polar  distances  f  (  Me  08 
to  those  which  would  have  resulted  from  circumpolar  stars  alone.  This  I  have  accom- 
plished by  the  application  of  the  correction  —  .00542/1  to  all  polar  distances  less  than 
127°  SC.  The  individual  weights  are  so  uniform  that  to  each  comparison  I  have 
assigned  weight  1,  these  excepted,—  a  Auriga,  a  Cygni,  8  Seorpii,  <r  Sagittarii,  and 
oColumbie,  which  received  weight  0.5;  and  a  Persei  and  i  Ursae  Majoris,  which  were 
rejected  for  obvious  reasons. 

If  />  bo  the  computed  and  {l  —  k)p  the  required  mean  refractions  at  Washington  for 
a  given  star,  /,'  and  (!  —  *')  p',  the  corresponding  quantities  for  the  same  star  at  Mel- 
bourne, and  if  —  n  =  P  (VVn)  —  P{Me),  we  shall  have  from  each  comparison  (ii),  t^' 
being  the  weight : 

[p  +  72.")  k  +  (/)'  +  75.")  k'  +  n  =  0\Vr.' 

The  two  catalogues  furnish  87  such  equations  which,  though  separately  formed, 
are  combined  for  convenience  of  solution  in  the  following  groups: 


licgidnals  after 

1 

iubstUation. 

1/ 

// 

// 

w' 

II 

+    05Jfc 

+  538&' 

-3.31  =  0 

1 

-1 

.00 

72 

314 

-    .90 

3 

+ 

.51 

70 

2J4 

-    .73 

4 

+ 

.49 

83 

205 

-l.Ol 

0 

+ 

.13 

00 

175 

-1.02 

9 

+ 

.03 

05 

159 

-l.CO 

5 

— 

.58 

100 

148 

-1.21 

8 



.21 

106 

138 

-  1. 15 

G 

— 

.10 

100 

132 

-    .98 

8 

+ 

.01 

117 

122 

-    .80 

7 

+ 

.18 

124 

115 

-1.05 

(i 

— 

.05 

130 

107 

-   .87 

G 

+ 

.15 

161 

100 

-1.13 

5 

— 

.06 

166 

95 

-    .72 

»> 

+ 

.40 

176 

91 

—  1.00 

t> 

5 

+ 

.15 

101 

83 

-1.29 

3. 

5 

— 

.08 

210 

84 

-1.47 

t» 

— 

.14 

260 

70 

-1.79 

0. 

5 

— 

.29 

.,( 


The  solution  gives  A;  =  +  .004G8  ±  .00061 

7;'  =  +  .00302  ±  .00045 
Probable  error  (when  r'  =  1)  =  ±  ".41 

The  refractions  at  Melbourne  are  already  (as  assumed),  Bessel's  {Tab.  Reg.)  x 
.99028.  They  now  become  0.99628  x  (1  —  .00302),  or  .99267  X  (Bessel's).  Those  at 
Washington  become  .99532  x  (Bessel's).  Admitting  that  e,  for  Melbourne  is  only  ±  .20, 
the  probable  error  of  an  average  single  P,  (whert  it'  =  1)  for  Me  68  is  roughly  ±  ".37. 


474 


UNITED  STATES  NORTDEUN  BOUNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


m 


JiulgiiiR  fioiii  this,  the  liypotbesis  adopted  to  oxplnhi  the  ditlereiicc8  \Vn  08  —  Me  08 
18  nut  repugiiiiiit.  to  the  TuctH,  espechilly  when  we  lieiir  in  tniiid  thnt  tlie  Melltouniu 
circle  ha.H  reiuniiied  in  tin  invuriubie  poHition  dnring  the  perio«l  Tor  wliich  the  com- 
piiri8on  holdu  good.  But,  on  the  utiier  hand,  thi8  very  eircunmtiinee  tlirowM  »  douht 
npun  the  whole  discussion ;  for  we  can  I'orm  hut  un  iui|)ertVct  idea  of  the  degree  to  wliich 
our  work  may  be  ail'ected  by  errors  in  adopted  division  and  flexure  correction,  and  by 
uucuvrected  flexure,  such  as  has  bctMi  suspected  in  the  Cape  circle.  (Mouth.  Not.,  vol. 
33,  J).  CO.) 

I  have  formed  the  fi)llowiiig  table  of— 

ConectionH  to  jiolar  disinncra  of  W'n  (i8  ami  Mi;  08. 


/'. 

Wu  CS. 

Mo  rs. 

/• 

Wii  08. 

Mo  08. 

I. 

II.               III. 

IV. 

«• 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

0 

0 

r> 

10 

i.'i 

8U 
85 

:io 
:i5 

40 
45 
iiO 
G5 
(iU 
(U> 
70 
75 
fO 
85 
UO 

CO 

—  .(Ki 

—  .10 

—  .14 

—  .17 

—  .81 

—  .a:i 

—  .80 

—  .yo 

—  .:u 

—  .  x\ 

—  .M 

—  .;!8 

—  .40 

—  .4;» 

—  .40 

—  .19 

—  .  51 

—  .  .Jti 

00 

—  .08 

—  .05 

—  .10 

—  .15 

—  .80 

—  .80 

—  .:t8 

—  .:«! 

—  .w 

—  .48 

—  .45 

" 

// 

o 

!«) 
95 
1(10 
III.-. 
110 
115 
IviO 
185 

i:io 
i:t5 

110 
145 

i.-o 
l.^5 

ICO 
105 
170 
175 

—  ..•.0 

—  .(id 

—  .05 

—  .11 

—  .79 

—  .^9 
-1.01 
-1.87 

—  .:.9 

—  .59 

—  .00 

—  .0,1 

—  .70 

—  .KO 

—  .9:1 

—  1.09 

„    ! 

+  .  19     ;     +  .  10 
+  .W     1     +  .IH 
+  .'i-i    1     +  .81 
+  .8:1         +  .80 

+  .84      +  .ao 

+  .85        +  .:i8 
+  .87    j    +  .:to 
+  .  y;        -L    :w 

.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. 





+  .80 
+  .85 

+  .8:1 

+  .81 
+  .  19 
+  .10 
+  .14 
+  .11 
+   .(H 
+  .04 
.00 

+  .40 
+  .34 
+  .88 

. 

—  .80 

—  .(Hi 

++++++ 1 1 1 

—  .47         +  .08 

—  ..'•.0     !     +  .07 

—  .5:1   j    +  .11 

—  ..v>   !    +.11 

_  .57     1     4-  .  10 

+  .12 

+  .05 
.00 

—  .59 

+  .17 
+  .U) 



Column  I.  exhibits  the  results  of  the  correction  ((>  +  72")  x  —  .00408  for  VVn  08, 
Column  II.,  for  puri>oses  of  comparison,  gives  the  liiiid  corre<;tioii  of  Wu  08  to  Normal 
Sy.stem.  Column  III.  shows  the  correction  jiisl  established  for  Me  08  by  comparison 
with  Washington.  For  stars  of  north  polar  distance  less  than  127°  50',  this  corioction 
is  ".27  —  .0018/>;  for  the  reraiiinder  it  i.s,  (/>  +  75")  x  .(io;{02.  These  corrections  are 
applicable  to  the  results  as  |rinted  in  the  ♦•Geneinl  Catalogue."  Column  IV.  gives 
the  adopted  correction  of  Me  08  to  Normal  System.  The  agreement  between  I.  and  II., 
as  well  as  between  III.  and  IV.,  is  Buch  as  to  strengthen  the  belief  that  a  great  part 
of  the  diflference  Wn  08  —  Me  08  is  duo  to  error  in  the  adopted  refractions  at  each 
observatory. 

Wn  72.  The  mean  corrections  to  polar  distance  of  American  Ephemeri.s,  or  simply 
polar  distance,  with  the  correction  for  "Div.  Flex.,  etc.,"  are  taken  as  |>rint('d  from  sec- 
tions entitled  "  Corrections  to  the  Star  Positions  of  the  American  Ephemeris,"  etc.,  and 
"  Mean  Places  of  Miscellaneous  Stars,"  etc.,  without  change  for  stars  of  polar  distance 
less  than  40°.    From  polar  distance  50°  southward  certain  correctioDB,  which  are  in- 


I 


[W] 


llKrOIlT  OP  THE  rniEF  ASTRONOMER,  API'KN'niX  II. 


475 


cliiiU'tl  ill  the  I'odiictioiiH  on  accoiiiit  of  iliHrnnlaiico  lictArooii  (liivet  iiikI  rcfltH-tcil  oI)hiT- 
vatioim,  iin>  ivjccted.  Tlio  I'flV'ct  of  tliis  is  to  iipi'ly  tlio  rolloniiif;  eonectioiiH  to  ixilar 
distauccN,  or  wliat  is  the  suiiiu  tliiiif;,  to  tbo  vorrft-tioii  for  "Div.  Flex,  vtc,"  beforo 
adding  thu  latter  to  tlie  |iolar  diHtance:— 


Yinr. 

(^orn-ctlon. 

IHTO 

iH7t-a 
1H7;» 

1H7I 

+  .111 
00 

-  .4a 

-  .8a 

Hetwccn  tlie  limits  50°  and  4fio  (P.  D.)  Ilu'.te  corrections  are  interpolated  so  as  to 
become  zero  at  the  northern  limit,  lly  some  iiccidi-nt  the  correction  — ".8U  for  1874 
was  uc{;le<!ted  for  stars  between  polar  distances  lOl'o  and  ll.'r>o.  The  elfect  of  this 
lias  been,  (jniti^  insignillcant,  however,  since  the  preliminary  ^4ystcnlalic  correutious 
depend  chietly  on  residuals  of  stars  whose  |)olar  di.stanee  is  less  than  101.'^. 

i'roper  motion  has  not  been  applied  in  the  reductions  of  "  Mi.scellaneous  Htars." 
These.  I  have  corret!ted  ac(!ordingly. 

As  the  results  of  separate  years  so  taken  exhibit  considerable  systematic  discord- 
ances, for  use  in  the  di.scussion  of  systematic  corrections  1  have  ]inrsned  a  cotir.sw 
entirely  analogous  to  that  explained  under  Ke  UO  and  1'2.  Following  is  a  list  of  correc- 
tions to  assumed  places,  thus  resulting: — 


a  Aiiilroiiii-diu  . 

3  lV«M.si 

(1  (*;lSf«iii|t('»3  ... 

13  «'(ii 

t  I'liii'iiiiii 

n  llirin  MiiioiiH 

0  tVli 

tl  I'isciiiiii 

u  l'i.s('iiiiii 

f}  Aiii<:iH 

50  ('assii)iM  IP  . . . 

n  Aiii'lis 

i  C'lti..    

V  Orii 

a  tVli 

n  I'cisci  

d  lVis.i 

i;  Tiiiirl     

y'  r.i'iilaiii   

e  Tuuii 

a  Tiinri   

II  (':iiiii'l(>|iai'di. 

(  Aiiiiniii * 

n  Aiii'Ikii) 

/J  OriuiiiH 


—  .19 

—  .411 

—  .(W 

—  .41 

—  .4U 

+  .oa 

—  .:ii 

—1.14 

—  .Xi 

—  .54 

+  1.C0 

—  .:i4 

+  .18 

—  .17 

—  .34 

—  .la 

+  1.41) 

■f  -li 
—1.04 

—  .04 

—  .:to 

—  .4.". 

—  .:.« 

—  .la 

+  ..^7 


/)  Tiinii 

(I  Orloiiis 

II  LcjidiU 

r  Oi'ionis 

II  (,'tllllllll>ID..- ■ 

n  Orioiiis 

7  (SciiiiiKiriiiii.  ■ 

fi  t'i'iiiiiitiniiii. . 

}  (ii'iiiiiioriiiii.  ■ 

t  Caiiix  .Miijiirm 

i1  CuiiiH  MiiJorU 

i1  (i('lllill;<lillli    . 

fl  Cii'iiiiniiniin. . 

(,)  (ioiiiiiiiiniiii. . 

l>  Aii,'">* 

r  Ilyill'iu 

(  t'isiu  MiiJorlH 

a-  I'iMii  Miijinin 

K  Caiicii 

II  lljiliiu 

f  Looiiis 

11  liionis 

II  l.lHIIliH 

j'  l.oiiuis 

I>  Li'oiiii) 


—  .ac 
+  .ait 

—  .at 
+  .--'I 


.':l  I.cnllU 

II  I  I  sill  .Miijoris  . 

i1  l.i'iiiiiH 

r!  (rati  lis 

T  Ll'lllliS 


—  .  la  j  X    Dniciinis 

—  .  41  i  /J     l.i-oiiiH 

—  ..M  n  y  I'rsii)  .MiijdiiH  . 

—  .  41  '  o     Vir;'iliia 


-1.11 

-    .K'. 
+  .04 

—  .ari 

-I.  10 

-  .7a 

+  .40 

+  1  ril 


.41 

.  r.) 

.  ."(t 

.  IH 
."J4 
.10 


\'ir;;iniH 

('(irvi 

Diaciiiiis  . .. 
Oumiiii  Veil. 
Virgiiiis 


Vii){iiiiM 

Viryiiiis 

I'l^at  MajiitiM 

Itciolis   

l>iac(iiii» 


Iliiiilis 

liiintiH   

|■|^a)  .Miiiiiiis  . 

Hoot  IN 

Lilirai 


+  1 

+■-'. 
■f  '. 

+  1^ 


+ 


(Ml 

.  ao 

17 

:ii 

OH 

a7 
a4 
rill 
40 

Dl 

ro 

:to 

50 
.55 

.  i:i 

.as 

.  17 

.07 
JO 


.74 

,  .'ill 

+  i.;i5 

+  .•-'7 
-  .07 


}  I 
1 

i 


I 


'■f, 

F 


:llf 

\ 

*  I 

} 


t, 


'f 


ih 


476 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


(701 


/}  ITnuD  Mlnoris 

d  UiKitU 

0  MbriD 

ft  ltlM>till 

y*  UrKiD  MiiiorU.... 

a  Cornnio  liorcnlis  . 

a  gvriM'iiliM 

r  SfriHintig 

s  UrHO)  MiuorlH    ... 

i  tjcorpli 

fj>  Sforpii 

(1  Ojiliiiicbl 

r  lU-rciilii 

a  Sciirpii 

(7  Uraconlg 

17  ITorcnlig 

K  Upbiiiclil 

a  llerculiH 

44  Ophiiicbl 

j}  UracoDis 

a  Opliiiielii 

/i  Drni'onis 

fi  HiTciilis 

^'  Drncoiiis 

Y  DriicoiiiM 


+  .34 
+  .i:i 

—  .;t4 

—  .07 

—  .77 

—  .19 

—  .81 

—  .70 

—  .4:1 

—  .88 

—  .18 

—  .88 

—  .r>i 

—  .:!4 

—  .57 

—1.01 

+  .8:t 

+  .Bl 

—  .78 
+  .80 

H   .:u 
+  .7:1 

—  .04 

—  .40 

—  .08 


I  >>  Sastltarii 

u'  8ii)(ittaiii 

il  ITrMD  Minoris . 

7  HerpuutU 

I  Lyiu) 


13    Ljrin 

a  HuKiltorii. 
C  AqllillD... 
4:1  ISiiKittiirii. 
r    Drucoiiis  . 


AqniliD. 
A)|iiiliD . 
AqiiiliD  . 
AqiiiliD  . 
Aqiiiln . 


o'  Cftpricornl. 

K    C'i>pliei 

tr  Capricorui. 
a  CyKiii  ■  ■■• 
/t    Aqiiarii  ... 


V  Cvgui  .. 
!  01  CvRil  •• 
f  C.VBiil .. 
a  Ci'pbi'i  . 
P   Aqiioiil. 


—  .51 

—  .08 
+  .8H 

—  .58 
+  .8U 

—  .m 

—  .58 

—  .  08 
— ;l.  88 
+  .11) 

+  .:n 

—1.81 

+  .01) 

+  ..Vt 

—  .Oi 

—  .11 

+  1.67 
— 1..')5 
+  .44 
— l.l'J 

+  -U 

+  .80 

—  .  4^^ 
+  .10 
+  .13 


p  Ccpbol 

t  IV;{asi 

/i  CuprlcornI 

a  Aqiiarii 

II  Aurigie 

>!  Aqiiarii 

s  IV^asi 

(  C'lqilii-i 

i.  Aqiiurii 

1  I'ikcis  Auatralig 

a  IVKnai 

0  CVplit-i 

y  Cvjibci 


+ 

53 

+ 

81 

— 1 

05 

+ 

:<8 

81 

+ 

07 

+ 

.18 

+ 

.87 

— 

81 

— 

.88 



.88 

+1 

.:i3 

+1 

.17 

Discussion  of  3069  resitlunis  of  stars  most  frequently  observed  in  tbe  years  187 1-'73 
gives  for  the  probable  error  of  pointing: — 

c  =  \/.4554  (±  .tdlil')  +.()415(±  .(J070)  tau'Z. 
Tbe  valnes  tabulated  according;  to  zcuitb  distance  arc  tbese : — 


z 

e 

'/, 

s 

Z 

t 

0 

u 

0 

II 

0 

,1 

0 

.  675 

40 

.096 

60 

.763 

10 

.076 

45 

.705 

(>5 

.804 

20 

.079 

50 

.717 

70 

.877 

30 

.685 

55 

.735 

75 

1.08 

In  the  final  reductions,  separate  systematic  corrections  bavo  been  deduced  for  each 
year.  Tbese  arc  oliowu  in  Table  IX.  With  these  corrections  and  tbe  following  system 
of  weights,  the  definitive  values  of  C„  (vide  "  Details  of  Corrections  to  Assumed  Dec- 
linations") have  been  computed : — 

Weights  for  combination  of  Wn  70-74. 


Number  of 
observatioos. 

Weight. 

1 
Number  of 
observations. 

Weight. 

1 
3 
3 
4 
5  to  7 

1 

3 

2.5 

3 

4 

8  to  11 

13  to  16 

17  to  87 

88  to  51 

58,  or  more 

6 
6 
7 
6 
9 

Hi 


[71]  REPORT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  477 

SlCCi'ION  VI. 
FinST  APrnoXIMATlON  TO  NORMAL  SYSTEM. 

It  will  Ih>  ussnnieil  that  tlio  ciitaluKnoa  to  \w  imrd  in  tlio  formation  of  tlio  Normal 
System  liiivo  recciviMl  all  tho  norrectionN  which  can  bo  a|>|ilii>(l  Rolcly  on  the  authority 
of  theohaorvationH  composing  each  of  them.  It  will  also  be  taken  for  granted  tliat  Iho 
correctioD  furninbed  by  n  given  catalogue  to  the  assumed  declination  is  of  the  form: — 


J.)  +  J/.' 


r  -  T 
mo  ' 


where  J  3  Is  the  correction  of  a  for  n  given  epoch,  T  (T  being  the  mean  epoch  of  each 
cntalogue),  and  J^  the  correction  to  the  assumed  annual  variation.    This  course  is 

only  proper  when  the  path  of  proper  motion  does  not  deviate  Kcnsibly  from  tlio  arc  of 
n  great  circle.  That  there  is  such  deviation  in  the  cases  of  Sirius  and  Procyon  has 
been  pretty  well  established  by  Dr.  Auwers  and  others;  but  these  stars  are  omitted  in 
our  catalogue.  It  is  post^ible  that  variable  ))roper  motion  may  ultimately  be  funnd  in 
the  large  majority  of  cases,  but,  a  few  binary  systems  excepted,  the  evidence  of  such 
variability  at  present  appears  to  be  wanting. 

If  notv  no  discrepancies  of  a  constan  t  character  were  found  to  exist  between  the 
determinations  of  different  observatories,  nothini;  fu.  .her  would  remain  except  to  deter- 
mine the  relative  weights,  and  by  means  of  conditional  equations,  derive  a  correction 
for  each  assumed  declination.  On  the  other  hand,  granting  the  existence  of  these  dif- 
ferences, wo  should  be  justified  in  adopting  the  same  course,  if  the  declination  of  every 
star  in  a  given  catalogue  were  made  with  cf|nal  weight,  and  it'  each  of  the  stars  under 
consideration  had  been  determined  in  each  of  the  antliorilics.  This,  however,  is  by  no 
means  the  case,  and  in  order  to  prevent  the  undue  inilnence  of  large  systematic  errors 
in  case  of  stars  for  who.so  declinations  there  are  lew  authorities,  it  remains  to  be  ascer- 
tained what  corrections  of  a  constant  and  periodic  character  can  be  applied  to  each 
catalogue.  This  can  bo  accomplished  by  means  cf  con)|iarison  with  standard  declina- 
tions, which  are  free  from  any  such  error. 

From  the  nature  of  the  case  this  standard  can  never  be  attained.  The  best  that 
can  bo  done  is  to  consider  the  combined  testimony  of  all  independent  determinations 
availablo  for  the  purpose.  To  take  any  two  determinations  as  standard,  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  all  others,  would  bo  manifestly  an  error,  for  it  woidd  be  assuming  that  the  weight 
of  these  selected  catalogues  in  comparison  with  the  remainder  is  as  inHnity  to  zero, 
while  all  experience  teaches  that  the  best  independent  determirnitions  of  declination 
arc  subject  to  comparatively  largo  errors. 

There  is,  however,  great  diflerenco  in  the  quality  of  these  so-called  independent 
determinations,  which  vary  from  sucli  special  investigations  as  those  of  Kg  21, 1)t  -4, 
Ao  30,  and  Pa  45,  where  every  precaution  has  been  exercised  to  remedy  flie  inevitable 
defects  of  instruments  by  variety  in  the  circumstances  of  observation,  and  the  utmost 
skill  and  rigor  in  the  computations,  with  determination  of  the  various  elements  of  atmos- 
pheric refraction, — to  those  which  assume  their  retractions  from  alien  authority,  which 
are  made  with  non-reversiblo  instruments,  and  with  littlo  attention  to  those  details  of  ob- 
servation and  reduction  so  essential  in  the  delicate  problem  of  measuring  absolute  decli- 
nation.   It  seoms  but  reasonable  to  suppose  that  declinations  of  the  former  class  are 


'< 


;). 


■f  !^  111 


•rli 

i'l 


[ 


478 


UNITED  STATKS  NUKTIIKKN  BOIINDAUY  COMMISSION. 


'-'J 


cntillt')]  to  inni-li  f;ri>iit«>r  ronflili'iirc  tlinn  tlinN«>  of  llit<  liillrr.  TliU  I  liav«>  ruilfiivorfil 
til  i'X|ii-fHM  tlirotigb  tlio  lullowiiig  H^Hlt-iii  of  \vci(tlilH  lo  bti  t'liiploji'tl  in  tlio  itrcliiniiiiuy 
tlixciiNNion: — 

WviylitH. 


Anthoritjr. 

WflKUl. 

Autborlty. 

Wvljilil. 

Aiuborily. 

WelKlit. 

KK-Jt 

4 

Kk4;i 

9 

(ill  r.7 

1i 

(ill  'Ji 

1 

i:ii  4;i 

1 

ciilir*! 

1 

IM'.M 

Ti 

(ill  4.'> 

•J 

W 11 114 

1 

A>>'-".> 

Ti 

I'u4.-. 

III        1 

(III  lit 

a 

Mi:ii 

1 

1       l!i<  45 

1       ! 

l.li  117 

H 

('(ill:u 

•  1 

Wii  47 

1 

MctW 

a 

(v:ii 

? 

1      (,'.•  4M 

1 

Wii  IW 

:< 

i;h  ;i7 

1 

1     (ihr.i 

1 

KollH 

'i 

K«3i 

V! 

1     Vh  r.;i 

:i 

(ill  TO 

a 

(III  :iu 

«l 

8(1  Ki 

1 

vvii  n 

I 

CV  40 

1 

\Vu  M 

1 

For  tlic  piirposo  propoHcil  in  this  orction,  trciclit  zero  Wiis  nKRif;iic«l  to  nil  ntlicr 
cntnlognoH.  A  fow  aro  oxcluilcti  on  tlio  proiiml  that.  iiltlioiit;li  iiiilt-pciHli'tit,  tlicir 
wi'ifrht  ia  .so  sitiiill  tliiit  tlicy  wimUl  incroly  rnciinilirr  tli«>  riiaipntiitioii  with  usi-Ii-xn 
inatorial. 

Tlu>ac  wpi};htH  aro  not  those  which  iniitht  himmii  to  lie  ri'tiiiircil  l),v  coinparisoiiM  with 
an  approxiniati>  in«>:iii  system,  but  are  deriveil  t'riiin  an  !nilepeii>|i'ii(  hIikI.v  ofeaeh  cat- 
alo<!Ue.  roasiilei'eil  solely  on  llu»  basis  of  internal  eviiL-nee,  with  the  iiHsistaniH'  of  nucIi 
critieal  reviews  as  have  been  fonnil  eonvenienlly  aoi-essible. 

They  result  from  careful  study,  but  are  necessarily  arbitrary  and  can  only  ho 
re<;arileil  as  mere  expressions  of  opinion  eoiicernin^  the  relative  eontubiition  niaile  by 
each  iletcrmiiiation  to  the  problem  of  flnilin^  an  absolute  system  of  declinations.  It 
woiilil  therefore  be  supcrtliious,  and  at  all  events  a  tedious  task  to  mention  in  detail 
the  facts  and  ar(!Uinents  relied  upon  in  support  of  each  individiMi  weight. 

It  will  be  siitlicient  to  notice  some  of  the  principles  adopted,  which  are  of  (feneral 
application  and  tolerably  definite  and  well  established. 

An  investi;;atii>n,  founded  on  a  series  of  observations  for  declination,  will  bo 
regarded  as  independent,  or  absolute,  in  proportion  to  its  freedom  from  any  iiSKumptiou 
whatever  founded  n|»oii  results  from  other  series  of  observations,  hnviiiR  in  view  the 
tuiine  or  any  other  purpose,  rractically,  however,  the  determination  of  aberration, 
nutation,  and  precession  can  be  left  to  special  invest i};at ions.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
may  bo  doubted  whether  the  constant  of  refraction  or  of  atmospheric  expansion  is 
sensibly  the  samo  for  different  n'^ions  and  climates;  even  if  it  were,  in  practical  iiitlu- 
ence  ou  observations,  much  would  still  depend  upon  local  conditions  and  upon  the 
character  and  situation  of  the  meteorological  iiislruments.  Add  to  this  the  uncertainly 
of  any  existing  single  determination,  and  it  will  hardly  be  maintained  that  any  series  of 
declination  observations  is  strictly  independent,  which  does  not  initlude  the  determina- 
tion of  refraction  constant  and  ciH'flicient  of  expansion  for  atmospheric  air,  by  proper 
methods  and  adequate  means,  from  the  observations  themselves. 

Kvery  scries  of  observations  professing  to  give  independent  declinations  should 
contain  satisfactory  evidence  as  to  the  character  and  amount  of  its  instrumental  cor- 
rections.   Id  this  couneotion  the  excellence  of  tbe  mechanical  construction  of  the 


iiv 


17.1) 


ItKl'OKT  OK  TllH  ClIIHF  ASTKONOMKU,  APPKNIHX  II. 


47S) 


iiiKtriiini'iit  luToiiH'H  iiti  ini|i<>rtiiiil  coiibiiln'jitinn.  TIiiih  tlio  work  of  tlicoltlcr  inHtrii- 
iiifiilH  laliorH  iiiidiT  iliNiiilviiiitiiKi'-  K  i<*  plain  tliiit  tlii>  ciralrr  tluMinit'ty  orcirfiiiii- 
Ntaiict'M  niulcr  which  an  inHltiunt'nt  nia,v  hi<  used,  other  thin^iN  WUm  M|iiai,  the  Kiealcr 
will  lit>  tht>  frci'iloin  I'rtini  couNtant  t>rrorM(hii>  to  inNtrnnu>ntai  cauMi's.  ThcTcrorc,  rcHnli.t 
I'loin  iMMtriiniiMitM  wliit'h  utlniit  of  rcvtTHal  havo  rrccivi-il  llio  prclcn'mr  nv«>r  oiIiitm. 
FnrthiMUiori',  when  llic  rt-lation  of  Iho  cinlo  to  the  lelfM-opo  in  ho  alttn-tl  that  itH  rcail- 
iiigM  lor  a  Kiven  /.cnith  iliHtaiuv  vary  from  .Yt>ar  to  year,  iIiIh  hait  lu>cti  ifKaiilt-il  as  a 
«h-«-l<h>il  ailvanta;;!'.  TliiH  consiilcralion  lifcotncH  ol  Iins  iniportanct',  howtvcr,  willi 
llncly  {{raiiiiati'd  inHtrnnifiitM  read  liy  a  hir(;(<  iininbt>rof  niicro.sro|K>M.  The  real  a<lvan- 
ta;;*'  of  ri'tli-ctloii  oliservatioiiH  Is  Hii|i|Nist>d  to  he  an  o|»>n  «|ii('Ntioii.  It  has  boon  alily 
dflMiti'il  liy  ISes.M'l,  l''a,\t>,  DiMlrii,  Airy,  Kaiser,  and  others.  In  easeH  where  the  din- 
eordanee  It—  />  is  lar^e,  and  not  aeeonnted  for  liy  speeial  in  vest  i;;at  ions  of  the  instru> 
ment,  this  eirennistaiiee  haH  lieen  repirde*!  as  Jnsi  <-anse  for  suspicion. 

Where  we  have  a  loiiK '*•'■>•''*  "f  ol>s(  rvalions  mail'  it  tho  name  observatory,  or 
with  the  same  iiistriiineiit,  the  wei;;ht  of  each  f;roii|i  is  > 'n.-iiderably  reduced  from  that 
which  would  have  Ihtii  a8si;;iicil  to  it  when  Ktatulini;  as  the  mile  representative  of  the 
partienlar  series. 

Thoroui;haess  and  hUill  in  the  methods  i  .eduction  w«'re  allowed  to  have  nil 
inr  'irtant  beaiiti;;  upon  the  dcci.sion  of  these  weights. 

Lastly,  tlie  decree  of  lialiility  to  fortuitous  «'irorv  i  ■  ui  eletnent  wliieh  lia«  been 
considered.  \\'itli  the  older  cataloRues  it  is  a  lii;;' ;y  iniptirtiiat  one.  Th(>  catalocuo 
of  riaz/.i,  for  instance,  is  es.seiitially  indcpcndeui,  but  its  chance  errors  are  such  that 
lind  we  been  assured  of  its  entire  freedom  from  sys»em;iti(' error,  it  wtiuld  still  have 
received  a  weight.  ]iractically  insifjniticaut  by  comparison  with  tlio  diMermiiiations 
actually  used  in  the  present  discussion.  In  a  Ic^s  dcfjrce  the  name  is  true  of  t<r;idlcy's 
deelinalious  for  !7.m. 

These  weijjhts  were  applied,  without  alteration,  to  all  the  decliuatioiis  of  tin-  respect- 
ive atithflrilieM,  where  the  star  was  observed  at  least  four  times  at  a  zeuilli  distance  of 
"(P  or  less;  beyond  7(P,  wcijihls  were  diniinished  by  the  use  of  empirical  laclors, 
diminishiu);  nearly  in  proportion  to  the  reci|>riHMl  of  the  si|uau«  of  the  refraction; 
bciii;;  zero  for  all  /cnith  distanc^es  );reater  than  K(P,  and  in  rases  where  the  wei|;ht 
multiplied  by  the  factor  is  less  than  .'>, 

The  results  of  the  various  series  of  th-terminations  made  by  observatories  in  tlio 
Boutlu'ru  heiuisphere,  were  never  used  beytiud  70°  zenith  distance;  so  that  from  t ho 
p4ile  down  to  and  iucludiiif;  a  Viryinifi,  there  was  no  diminution  of  weights  lor  this 
cause. 

The  factors  are  these : 


/       Fiictor 


0 

H 

711 

1.0 

71 

.!• 

7a 

.H 

73 

.  4 

71 

.« 

7,'. 

.(! 

Z 

I'.irtnr. 

o      i 

-C.     !            ..5 
77                .4 

7-«                .3 

<;»            -  a 

KO 

.'i 

i  1  fl 


m 


m 


»!' 


,1 


ii  1; 


480 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[74] 


I    I 


Two  or  tbree  obaervations  received  half- weight;  a  single  observation,  weight  zero. 

Now  while  tliero  is  great  tlisparity  in  the  number  of  authorilies  relating  to  difler- 
ent  stars,  fortunately  a  considerable  number  of  stars  have  been  quite  universally 
observed.  They  are  known  as  the  fundamental  stars,  to  which  may  bo  added  a  Tersei, 
rj  Ursas  Jlajoris,  j-  Draconis,  /?  Draconis,  r  Ursa;  Majoris,  a  Cassiopea>,  a  Cephei,  a  Ui  sas 
Miijoris,  ^  Cephei,  (?  Ursie  Minoria,  j-  Cephei,  ;  Ursaj  Minoris,  S  Ursjc  Minoris,  and 
a  UrsiD  Minoris.  Tl  >se  have  each  been  frequently  observed  in  a  majority  of  the  series 
of  observations  enumerated  above  (Class  I).  It  will  be  possible,  therefore,  in  the  ease 
of  these  stars,  without  the  intervention  of  systematic  corrections,  to  compute  declina- 
tions which  shall  be  measurably  free  from  error,  auti  thus  answer  the  purpose  of  an 
approximate  normal  system,  to  bo  subsequently  revised  and  improved. 

The  results  of  this  preliminary  discussion  are  exhibited  in  Table  I.  The  first 
column  contains  the  name  of  the  star;  the  second  and  third,  respectively,  valnes  of 
[4  5]  and  [J  /i']  determined  in  the  following  manner.  For  each  catalogue  an  equation 
of  condition  was  constructed  of  the  form : 


(P 


-j845)  . 
10(» 


-C  =  0 


The  values  of  Care  those  given  in  column  Cof  Table  A,  "  Details  of  Corrections  to 
Assumed  Declinations."  The  epoch  1845  is  selected  to  facilitate  the  solution  of  the 
equations.  T'  is  the  designation  for  mean  epoch  and  is  sufliciently  indicated  in  the 
numerical  part  of  the  designation  of  the  catalogues  concerned.  These  values  of  [J  S] 
and  [J  ,n'\  are  those  which  result  from  the  use  of  Gh  175j,  without  final  correction  and 
with  weiH;ht  1.  The  fourth  and  filth  columns  contain  J  <J  and  J  it',  with  Bradley's 
declinations  excluded ;  and  these  values  are  used  in  forming  the  preliminary  system 
of  corrections.  The  sixth  and  seventh  columns  contain,  respectively,  the  probable 
errors  of  the  adopted  J  i5  and  4  //.  The  eighth  contains  the  probable  error  of  the  unit 
of  weight.    The  last  column  contains  the  approximate  declination  for  1845. 


il 


Table  1. 


Ml 


Niimo  of  star. 


(I  Virjjitiia 

ii  Or.oiiiH 

«  IlyilriD 

a  Aqnnrii 

a  Ci'ti 

)i  Aqiiiliu 

(I  ScriH'iitis. .. 

n  Orioiiisi 

a  AqiiiliD 

y  Aqnilin 

<t  Lfoiiis 

M  0|iliiiiclji. .. 

y  ^('.^ll^i 

II  l'(';;;>si 

n'  lli'iriilU 

3  l.i'iii)i!< 

a  Tau.i 


[•i-!] 


+  .oi,-> 

+  .  iu;i 

+  .111 

—  .  O'W 

—  .  17rt 

—  .  1 19 

—  .(lO'i 
+  .(I'-'-.' 

4-  .ii'-j-' 

—  .  on.-> 

+  AV.-> 

+  .  111.') 

+  .v;irr. 

+  .  1711 

+  .'.'■.".• 


CV] 


—  .H.|8 

—  .  i:,o 

—  .  4;io 

—  .118 

—  .  lIMi 

—  .  VXl 

+  .o-j;i 

—  .07.-. 
+  .-JH 

—  .  U)> 

—  .mil 

—  .i;i7 

—  .•-'••'Ii 

—  .!t|l 
+  .111 

—  l.Kll 

—  .iil'J 


&3 


+  .0.V,' 
4-  .lr7 
+  .  I'.'rt 


.  0(1',) 
.  -JO? 
.  l:!0 

.  OJt< 

.()1>.» 

.  0 10 


+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 


.  oo;i 

.  0,-|(i 

.111 

.'.'ill 
•f  .;i:iii 
+  .  107 
+  .1>,V.1 
+  .000 


J/,' 


—1.  003 

—  .on 

—  .781 

—  .  4o:> 

+   .-IH/ 


z 

.710 



.  OJO 

— 

.104 

0".l 

_1 

.  177 

— 1 

.  OJ(i 

— 

.  KM 

— 1 

.  H-.',') 

— 

.  ;i;!(i 

— •, 

.441 

— 

.700 

'M 


.  Om 
.  tMi'.' 
.  W,'i 

.PTl 

.  o.-i.-> 
.  o,-..-) 

,(W) 
.lC);i 

.  or.i 

.  O.V) 
.  <N>-J 

.  ()>i:i 

.  0(il 

.  o;w 
.(n;o 

.047 
.007 


W 


.  :«K) 

.441 

.  :!40 
.  IM.-i 

.:u>t> 
.  :t4'.» 
.311) 

.  318 

.  ;tsr. 
.  ;ki4 
.  ;i7;i 
.  '-'(W 
.  ;i7-j 
.  yH8 

.415 


.■47 

.  r»'j 

.00 
.  40 
.47 

.no 

.47 
.43 

.40 

.  r>-i 

.53 
..".I 

.30 

.r.i 

.  3!l 
.5U 


—10.  4 

—  8.4 

—  8.0 

—  1.1 

+  :t.  r, 
+  c.o 
+  (>.'.» 

•f  7.4 

-h  H.  r. 
4  10.  d 

+  !•.'.  7 
+  iJ.- 
+  14.3 
+  11.4 
+  ll.(! 
+  1.\4 
+  10. -J 


[75|  llEPOUT  OF  TUi:  CUIKK  A8TKONOMEK,  APPENDIX  11. 

Table  I — Coutinued. 


481 


I 


Namo  of  star. 


ItimtiH 

Arii'tia 

CoroiuB  Uoronlis .. 

AiulroiiuuliD 

(itMiiiiionim 

'I'liiiri 


Lyni- 

Cygiii 

Aiiridio 

IVrsii 

UriMP  Mnjoris . 

Driicuiiis 

DiucnniM 

Urnip  Majoris  . 
Ciissiopou) 


Ci'phi'i 

llrsio  MiijoriH  . 


J  Cl'pllIM 

fi  Uiaio  MitioriH . 

J  tVplu'i 

f  Urwu  MiiioriH. 

i  I'ltiHi  MiiioriH 

fi  Ursiu  Miiioris . 


o'  Ciiprioonil . 
(,!   Lilini' 


I'lMcix  AiiHtraliti  ■ 


[iJ]  [V] 


.  aiM 
.  i:w 
.  or.7 
.  tr>4 

.  :!4r. 

.(MW 

—  .iw;( 

+  .OiH) 

—  .o;ii 
+  .  i:i4 

+  .  I!h> 
+  .(l-,'4 


— t.:i7.s 

—  .  4r.!" 

—  .OlCi 

—  .  4i0 

—  .  11)4 

—  .  1H2 


^>1 


+ 
+ 


+ 


.HOO 
.".Ml 

.  01t8 
.  Hitit 

.  ;i4;t 

.  IIVI 
.  I.V2 


+ 


.  04-J 


+  .  ;wi 


.  V.'M 
.018 
.144 
.  'Jill) 
.  '.M- 

.  -M-i 
.Old 
.01" 

.  i:c. 

.  (I!H 
.0.'.1 

.  le» 
.  I'.lf. 
.  oj;i 


i/i' 


—  -i.  (I'.'O 

—  .(il'.» 

—  .DlNi 

—  .!t04 

—  .4;!0 
+  .;i4'.t 


.  880 

.r.Tit 

.  ;t:t:t 

I.  out 

.  :t47 

411 

'.',■>! 

4-J8 


+ 


I 


+  .mio  I 

—  .Od'.t  i 
+  .041  ! 

—  .  14(> 


—  .  (W8 

—  ,01l!t 
+  1.  lit*) 

—  .OTl 


—  .0Ci7 
+  .O'J,-) 

—  .014 

—  .070 
4-  .04-1 

—  .  l--'7 


+  I.ti8'.> 
—  .  4r.4 


+  1. 
+  1. 
+  1. 


0."iO 


-(-  .00!)  '■     +  .(i,".0 
+  .087  !     —  .'J.'iS 


—  .:!I4 
4-  .oii;i 

—  .O-.'O 

—  ..MO 


+  .wx\ 
—■>.  i:i:i 


■M         'ill' 


.  018 
.047 

.  o:rj 

.  0.-0 
.041 
.047 

.044 
.  040 

.  o»i:t 
.  oi<;{ 

.  045 
.  0.')1» 
.0(!7 
.  04!) 
.  O.V.) 

.  0.-.7 
.  O.Vt 

.o;w 
.  04;i 

.  04,-. 
.041 

.01! 

.o;t 

.  07-J 
.  08  I 
.  08(i 
.  lUti 


.  -J!):! 
.  ;i4,-> 
.:i77 
.  •,'.-.4 

.  •/7;! 
.  ;!0!) 
.  :UK1 
.  :«Mi 

.  i.>7(i 

.  :«>t 

.4'J8 

.;ioi 
.  :Hiii 

. :!.-..-. 
.  :W7 

.  •j:t:t 
.  'Jo:! 

.  '.'47 

.•JO 
.10 

.  440  I 
..-.•,'4  i 

.r.4i  ! 

.78-.>  I 


.40 
.40 
.4:1 
.  40 

.  :i4 

.  ;i'.) 

.:t(i 

.40 

.r>i 

.  no 

.X, 
.40 
.47 

:h 

.40 

.  4,-. 
.41 

.  'JO 

.:i:t 
.  :!.'■> 
.;ti 


.01 
.71 
.  4.-> 

.4!) 


+'J0.  0 
+•-"•,'.  7 
+-J7.'J 

-j-'j8  a 

+-8.4 

+'J8.  r. 
4;!8.o 

+44.7 

+4r..  H 
+  i!t. ;» 
+,MI.  t 

+M. .'-. 
+  -.-J.  4 
+.-i4. 0 

+.''>ri.  7 

+til.!) 
+0-.'.  fi 

+tK).  •) 

+74.8 
-i-7{!.  8 
+78.  It 

+8I>.  0 
+88.5 

— llt.O 
-15.4 
—'.'0,  1 
— ;!0.  4 


TliP  \viMRht.s  as8ii;iieil  in  the  case  of  the  two  polar  stars  «  and  (1  rrsa>  Minoris,  arc 
not  those  of  the  table,  since  the  rehitive  wei{;ht8  lieie  depend  on  primiples  entirely 
dill'erent  from  those  which  have  Roverned  in  Ihe  selections  of  weiglits  to  lieu.sed  with 
I'ipiatorial  stars.  Tlie  weights  are  those  (iiven  in  column  -  of  the  tabh's  for  these  two 
stars. 

The  four  stars  a?  Capriconi,  «^  Libra*,  n  Scorpii  and  «  Piscis  Anstralis  are  not  fonnd 
iu  "taWe  A,"  since  tlie  subsequent  process  with  these  is  exactly  the  same  as  for  other 
stars  in  the  same  rcfjion. 

The  formation  of  normal  i)laces  for  the  limits  —  ;t()o  to  —  JKto  declination  is  re- 
served for  a  later  period  of  the  discussion,  and  the  manner  will  be  hereafter  explained. 

By  the  siibstitiit'on  in  the  o(piations  of  condition  of  the  values  of  J  o  ami  J  /('  con- 
tiiltied  in  columns  four  and  live,  we  derive  the  numbers  in  column  "»•'',  table  A, 
"Detail;*  of  Correct  ions,"  etc.  The.so  are  the  corrections  to  the  catalogue  tleclinationa 
given  by  the  aitproximato  Normal  System.  These  are  arrangtHl  for  each  catalogue  in 
tho  order  of  declination,  and  from  them  systenuttic  corrections  diMived,  which  are 
exhibited  in  Table  11 
N  n M 


,  t 


m 

■> . .  .■  • 

I  J 


482 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


170) 


I  i  ■■? 


Table  II. 

Preliminary  gyHteiiiatic  corrections  to  fundamental  catalogues,  derived  through  comparison 
tcith  the  declinations  of  forty  four  fundamental  and  circumpolar  stars. 


t 

ei 

g) 

3! 

a 

• 

6 

s 

!^ 

S 

^ 

$ 

3 

5 

•rf 

■n 

I 

.^f 

M 

0 

.d 

u 

.«• 

M 

0 

a 

•a 

lA 

u 

0 

M 

M 

» 

0 

M 

M 

« 

». 

H 

0 

„ 

It 

„ 

„ 

1' 

II 

„ 

„ 

1, 

„ 

n 

„ 

II 

„ 

„ 

°     1 

-30 

00  1 

4-1. 05 

00 

-.40 

-1-9. 

-.40 

00 

00 

-30 

-98 
-98 
-94 
-99 

» 

0( 
0 

0 

)  1 1 

-1.07 
-1. 09 
-1.11 
-1.13 

uo 

00 
00 
00 

-.40 
-.40 
-.40 
-.40 

'-4-9.00 

00   -fl.90 
00  l-l-I.  85 
00  i-t-l.  80 

-f  1.  ,-.1 
-,1.54 
-1.33 
-t-1.  17 

-.40 
-.40 
-.40 
-.40 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

-98 
-90 
-94 
-99 

l-.Sfl 
-.90 

h.  95 

00 
00 

)  -i.  io 

+.71 

-90 

Ka5 

ot 

1    -  .04 

-1.89 

-1. 15 

00 

-.40 

00  I--1.65 
OP   --1.5U 

-1.04 

-.40 

00 

00 

00 

-  -.  51 

--.08 

-90 

-IB 

-.  45 

0 

-  .89 

-1.03 

-I.  n 

00 

-.40 

-  .  113 

-.40 

00 

00 

00 

-.50 

-  -.  05 

-IS 

-W 

-.95 

u 

-  .  79 

-  .90 

-I.IU 

00 

-.40 

00      -1.38 

--.85 

-.40 

(10 

00 

--04 

--.5(1 

--.Ol 

-16 

-14 

-.  94 

0 

1    -  .(15 

-  .80 

-1.21 

00 

-.40 

00   --1.90 

-  -  .  70 

-.40 

00 

-j-.lO 

--.08 

+.50 

-  -.  .58 

-14 

-19 

(-.94 

(X 

)    -  .59 

-  .79 

fl.93 

00 

-.40 

00 

4-1.18 

4-  .70 

-.40 

00 

+.19 

+.49 

+.50 

-19 

-10 

H 

k94 

0( 

-  ..54 

-  .05 

f  .94 

-t-.95 

-.40 

-)-.07 
-.00 

fl.lO 

-1-  .  (15 

-.40 

00 

+.40 

. 

klB 

[-.49 

+.54 

-10 

-  8 

h.a4 

0 

-  .51 

-  .CO 

-.07 

-  -.  90 

-.41 

-1.04 

-  .00 

-.41 

-.09 

-.39 

- 

-.10 

- 

k49 

-  -.  5 1 

-  8 

-  0 

- 

r-.94 

(ll 

-  .47 

-  ..'.5 

-1.00 

-.10 

-.49 

-.05 
-.04 

-  .98 

--  ..53 

-.49 

--.05 

- 

-.39 

- 

-.10 

. 

r-.48 

--.48 

-  n 

-  5 

r.9:t 

0< 

-  .  45 

-  ..53 

-1.09 

-.10 

-.49 

-  .99 

-i-..Vl 

-.49 

-.00 

- 

-.38 

. 

-.10 

. 

-.48 

-  -.  411 

-  5 

-  4 

k  «:i 

<l< 

-  .44 

-  ..M 

1.07 
-1.09 

-.  15 

-.43 

-.04 

-.88 

-J-.51 

-.43 

--.07 

- 

-.38 

- 

-.16 

- 

t-.4S 

-.49 

-  4 

-  9 

-.a:t 

0 

-  .41 

-  .4.-! 

-.15 

-.44 

-.03 

-  .81 

--  .48 

-.44 

-.09 

- 

-.37 

L.16 

_ 

r.47 

-.3:1 

-  9 

0 

-.9:1 

(* 

-  .30 

-  .45 

-1.  19 

-.09 

-.  45 

-.09 

-  .74 

--  .44 

-.45 

-.10 

. 

-.37 

. 

-.!« 

- 

-.47 

-.94 

0 

-  9 

-.9:1 

01 

-  .-yi 

-  .49 

-1.  Ifi 

-t-.(l3 

-.4(1 

-.01 

-  .08 

--  .41 

-.40 

-.11 

- 

-.  3,5 

. 

-.17 

- 

r.40 

-.14 

--  9 

-  4 

-.99 

n 

-  .35 

-  .40 

-1.17 

-.09 

-.48 

00 

-  .09 

-  -  .  39 

-.48 

-  -.  19 

. 

-.M 

- 

-.18 

- 

-.40 

J-.05 

--4 

-  n 

-.99 

0 

-  .:i4 

-  .:i« 

-1.18 

-.08 

-.49 

-.00 

-..'* 

--.37 

-.49 

-  -.  13 

- 

-.  .•(9 

-.18 

. 

-.45 

00 

--  5 

- « 

- 

-.'ti 

0 

-  .3:1 

-  .38 

-1.  19 

-.13 

-.fiO 

-.01 

-  .  55 

-.30 

-.50 

-.14 

- 

-.31 

- 

-.18 

- 

r.44 

-.04 

--  6 

--  8 

-  H 

- 

-.91 

0< 

-  .39 

-  .30 

-1.91 

-.91 

-..■)9 

—  09 

-  .47 

-  .34 

-..59 

--.15 

- 

-.  99 

r.  19 

-.44 

-.19 

-10 

H 

K91 

0( 

)    -  .30 

-  .34 

fl.94 

-.30 

-.53 

-.03 

+-.43 

-1-  .31 

-.53 

-I-.  16 

+.97 

-1 

K90 

+.43  j 

-.90 

+10 

H 

-15 

^ 

hill 

01 

1    -  .97 

-  .31 

fl.31 

.31 

-.58 

-.06 

f  .98 

+  .90 

-.61 

4-.J8 

+.90 

_ 

I-.91 

-.41 

-.34 

+  15 

- 

-90 

- 

.IH 

0 

-  .94 

-  .98 

-f-1.44 

;i  .W 

-.08 

-.  03 

-.09 

f  .14 

-  -  .  99 

-.70 

-.  90 

--.14 

- 

-.99 

- 

-.39 

-.47 

--90 

H 

h95 

- 

-.17 

0 

1    -  .9-J 

—     .  ii.'!    ' 

+.  19 

-.70 

-.11  ' 

-  .  05 

-  .18 

-.78 

-.91 

-.07 

- 

-.17 

- 

-.37 

-..50 

-93 
-  M 

-;io 

-.  Itl 

II 

1    -  .90 

—  .  99 

4.1.. VJ 

t-.  05 

-.  75 

-.14 

-  .07 

-  .14 

-  .14 

-.1-9 

-.9:1 

00 

. 

-.19 

. 

-.34 

-.00 

-;i,') 

-.14 

0 

1    -  .18 

-  .  90 

I1.34 

-^.90 

-.75 

-.17  ! 

--  .11 

-.80 

+.94 

-.05 

- 

-.  (15 

_ 

-.31 

-.50 

--:is 

-40 

-.i:i 

0 

1    -  .  Hi 

-  .18  [ 

-1. 19 

-.(10 

-.70 

-.90  ; 

-.99 

-  .07 

-.78 

-  -.  90 

-.10 

-.09 

- 

-.99 

-.•ii 

--40 

-4.1 

-.19 

.  -  .14 

-  .  1(1  1 

-1.09 

-.01 

-.99 

-.98 

-  .04 

-  .01 

-.(iO 

-.97 

-.13 

-.00 

- 

-.96 

-.10 

--45 

-50 

-.11 

.  -  .13 

-  .15: 

-  .94 

-.53 

-.95 

-  .98 

-..54 

--.99 

-.10 

-.10 

- 

-.93 

-.09 

-.50 

-55 

-.08 

.  -  .11 

-  .13 

-  .Oi 

-.41 

-.97 

-  .19 

00 

-.45 

+.30 

-.05 

-.  05 

- 

-.90 

--.08 

--55 
--60 

m 

00 

.  -  .10 

-  .11 

-1.07 

-.30 

-.30 

-  .iO 

00 

-.97 

00 

00 

. 

r.  17 

-.19 

-nr, 

00 

.  ~  .08 

-  .09 

1.91 

-.94 

-.97 

00 

00 

-.13 

00 

00 

, 

-.14 

--.93 

--(15 

-70 
-75 

00 
00 

.  -  .07 
.  -  .05 

08 

-.18 

-.95 
-.19 

-  .10 

-  .05 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

: 

-.11 

r.oa 

--..58 
--.76 

-  70 

-  .00 

J 

-HO 

(10 

.  -  .04 

-  .04 

-.Oil 

-.13 

00 

00 

SO 

00 

00 

. 

-.05 

-.CO 

-   80 

"" 

^00 

00 

01 

)           00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

01 

00 

00 

00 

00 1 

+90 

*  The  correciiou  to  S.  n.  31  is  applirablo  to  t)io  decliuatioiiB  as  printed  in  the  c^tAlogtie. 

NoTK. — These  correctiotiH  are  upplicable,  of  counie,  to  the  catalogues  as  nffectetl  by  tbe  pruliniiiiary 
v(irri-utioiiH  i'X|ilaiiiv(l  in  8rcti(m  V. 


HKPOItT  OF  TIJE  CHIKF  ASTROXOMKR,  APPENDIX  H. 


483 


Tablk  11 — Contiiiueil. 


1 

1 

1 

5 

S 
# 

a 

a 
a 
■j 

3 

C 

3 

D 

S 

e 
OS 

0 

ii 

i 

o 

„ 

„ 

„ 

„ 

II 

,, 

1, 

,, 

"   1 

-110 

00 

+.73  j  +.28 

00 

-  -.o 

-.84 

-.97 

+  1.04 

00 

-.30 

-•J" 

-.0.-1 

■"c6 

00 

+  ..-1O  .  +.88 

-.05 

''.':'i6 

-.  811 

-.-.4 

"60 

"m 

-.80 

-  .97 

-."as 

-i.46 

CO 

-88  1 

I  -au 

-.  10 

00 

00 

+.8')  ,  +.88 

-.  10 

(-.;.o 

-..0 

-.84 

CO 

00 

-.86 

+  .98 

-1.37 

00 

-86 

-'.4 

-.  ir. 

vu 

00 

+. 15  ,  +.8H 

-.  15 

^.■.m 

-.80 

-.  84 

00 

on 

-.85 

+  .87 

— .  85 

-1.34 

00 

-84 

1  -•« 

-.an 

00 

uo 

+  .0J 

+  .88 

-.80 

^.^..o 

-.80 

-.81 

00 

on 

-.94 

1-  .83 

—  .85 

-1.31 

CI) 

-89  , 

1  -VO 

_.  a,-) 

00 

(10 

-.03 

+.  88 

-.8.1 

1  .3(1 

-.80 

-.-.4 

«0 

on 

—  '*4 

+  .79 

-.  8.5 

-1.88 

CO 

-sn  1 

-18 

-.30 

0(1 

00 

-.0(1 

+..88 

-.30 

f.30 

-.80 

-.84 

00 

00 

->J3 

+  .75 

-1.81 

IH) 

-18 

1  -l(i 

-.  .!."i 

U) 

00 

-.17 

+  .88 

-.  35 

h.30 

-.80 

00 

00 

-.  83 

^  .78 

—  .85 

-1.81 

00 

-HI 

I  -14 

-.40 

0<l 

00 

—.84 

+  .■.>! 

-.40 

).30 

-.'.0 

-'.h 

-.(•(i 

01 

-.8-1 

I-  .70 

.  '*', 

-1.16 

00 

-'<  I 

1  -W 

-.  4.-. 

oio 

00 

-.89 

+  .SB 

-.45 

>  .  30 

-.80 

-.84 

-.18 

00 

-.98 

+  .67 

-!85 

-1.18 

-.05 

-w| 

i  -10 

-.  50 

-.30 

+  .05 

-.34  ;  +.8S 

-.,'0 

t.30 

-.80 

-.84 

-.18 

+  .13 

-.98 

+  .61 

—  •x, 

-1.08 

-.10 

-10! 

-  s 

-.49 

-.a9 

+  .06 

— .  38 

+  .88 

— .  .-'8 

h.:)J 

-.  -.0 

— .  85 

-.14 

f.in 

-.81 

+  .03 

-.89 

- 1.  03 

-.10 

-  8 

-  a 

-.48 

-.art 

+  .  08 

-.DO 

+.88 

-.  .-lO 

+.:io 

-.80 

-.85 

-.11 

+.07 

-.80 

+  .01 

-.38 

-  .98 

-.10 

—  6 

-  s 

-.47 

-.87 

+  .08 

-.  a!) 

+.  S8 

-.4'! 

,  .;io 

-.■M 

—.85 

-.(.9 

+  .05 

-.90 

+  .ro 

-.34 

-  .96 

-.  10 

-  5 

-  4 

-.47 

-.87 

+  .00 

-.88 

+  .88 

-.49 

f.30 

-.80 

-.86 

-.07 

4.04 

-.80 

+  .59 

-.  36 

-  .94 

-.  10 

-  4 

—  a 

-.40 

-.80 

+  .11 

-ao 

+.8< 

-.47 

+  .30 

-.-M 

-.  86 

-.04 

1.01 

-.90 

\-   .57 

-.39 

-  .89 

-.10 

-  9 

0 

-.  4.-1 

-.85 

4.18 

-.84 

■f  .-an 

-  .46 

|."0 

-.80 

-.87 

01) 

-.08 

-.Ml 

1  .r* 

-.4.' 

-  .84 

-.10 

0 

■  +  a 

-.44 

-.85 

+  .14 

-.  aa 

f .  88 

-.4-. 

!  .30 

-.80 

-.  88 

+  .03 

-.05 

-.  18 

+  .54 

-.44 

-  .80 

-.  11 

+  9  '■ 

<  +   4 

-.4J 

—.85 

+  .1« 

-.80 

T  .  88 

-.43 

r.30 

-.  19 

-.88 

+  .C0 

-.08 

-.18 

+  .53 

-.46 

-  .75 

-.13 

+  *  1 

+  5 

-.41 

—.85 

)..  17 

-.  Ill 

-  . '..  8 

-.  la 

•  .Ml 

-.  19 

—.a** 

+  .08 

-.10 

-.17 

H  .58 

-.46 

-  .73 

-.13 

+  sl 

+  « 

-.41 

—  85 

+  .  17 

-.18 

+  .S8 

.41 

i-.:;o 

-.  19 

-.89 

+  .10 

-.18 

-.17 

4-  .51 

-.46 

—  .  71 

-.14 

+  «  '' 

+  H 

-.39 

-.85 

+  .18 

-.16 

+  .88 

— .;.!! 

>^..?o 

-.  17 

-.  89 

+  .13 

-.  l.-i 

-.16 

H  .50 

-.48 

-  .66 

-.16 

+  8  ' 

'  +IU 

-.38 

-.83 

+.18 

-.14 

+  .88 

-.  ■:,i> 

+  .30 

-.  15 

-.30 

+  .16 

-.18 

-.16 

+  .49 

-.  50 

-  .09 

-.17 

+  10 

;  " 

-.34 

-.3) 

(.17 

-.00  '  +.3'^ 

-..14 

\-.:m 

-.10 

—.29 

+  .18 

-.50 

-.13 

+  .46 

-.,50 

-  ..53 

-.18 

15  1 

so 

-.30 

-.40 

+.10 

-.04  1  +.8H 

-.30 

H-.  30 

-.(Hi 

-.86 

+  .80 

-.i'i 

-.11 

+  .43 

-.46 

-  .45 

-  ao 

ao 

s.-. 

-.ao 

-.  .'.0 

f.Dl 

+.01   +.88 

1.31 

-.'•9 

-  81 

f.17 

-.3n 

-.07 

+  .40 

-.37 

-  .3-1 

-.80 

95 

30 

-.aa 

-.00 

-.0-t 

+  .06  ;  -i-.'^n 

i  .  30 

-.18 

-.  16 

+  .14 

-.30 

-.08 

1  .38 

-.  8(i 

-  .34 

-.  80 

so 

35 

-.IB 

-.65 

-.  II 

+■11  1  +.88 

-!?- 

t  .30 

-.88 

-.08 

+  .09 

-.30 

H  .00 

+  .36 

-.  15 

-  .31 

-.80 

:'.l 

40 

-  14 

-.70 

-.  15 

+.ir. ,  +.a8 

-.13 

(-.30 

00 

+  .04 

-.SO 

+.80 

i  .33 

-.04 

-  .99 

-.80 

40 

4") 

-.10 

-.  (ili 

-.  14 

-i  .88  1 

-.07 

+.89 

00 

00 

-.30 

+  .31 

+.06 

-  .88 

-.80 

45 

1   Ml 

-.06 

-.08 

-.13 

+  .88  t  .. 

-.09 

t-.ae 

00 

00 

-.28 

+  .89 

+  .13 

-  .98 

-.an 

50 

sri 

-.01 

-.  51 

-.11 

+.30...   - 

i  .0; 

+  .86 

00 

00 

-.85 

+  .90 

+.17 

-  .98 

-.18 

55 

CO 

+  .04 

-.40 

-.  10 

+.33 

+.17 

(.85 

00 

00 

-.81 

+  .9:1 

+.91 

-  .'.8 

-.17 

60 

05 

+.ia 

-.87 

-.  Of 

-I-.31 

, .  96 

K33 

00 

no 

-.  16 

+  .91 

+  .99 

-  .96 

-.  13 

65 

:o 

+  .80 

-.  15 

-.1)6 

+  .30 

+.89 

i.88 

DO 

on 

-.10 

1-  .17 

+.18 

-  .85 

-.10 

70 

7."» 

+  .36 

-.07 

-.04 

'  .  98 

K88 

^.lo 

on 

00 

(!0 

f  .14 

+  .09 

-  .90 

-.05 

75 

cu 

+  .85 

00 

-.03 

+  .15 

+.a« 

4. 11 

00 

00 

00 

+  .10 

00 

-  .  16 

CO 

80  i 

w 

f.  10 

00 

00 

00 



'■_:" 

00 

00 

00 

00 

+  00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

*  TUp  correction  Hctually  niwil  b.v  ijii4taki>  fnv  <'«'  48  ln'twren  the  limits  of  —  13^  and  —  30^  wbi*  -f  ".13. 
t  A.B  ootuftlly  uaod,  the  curre<>tiou  from  —  13^  tn  —  30^  waa  uhuut  —  ".80.    Si-e  explaaiition  (p.  69). 

TI;o  followiug  exphiiiations  will  serve  to  show  the  niannor  of  computing  tlicsf 
f.orrectioiis.  As  the  points  of  eoiuparison  were  ri'littively  few,  siulden  fiiictuations  in 
the  values  of  the  correction  are  to  be  avoided,  unless  they  seem  to  he  completely 
Justified  by  the  testimony  of  the  observations.  Whenever  a  general  expression  such 
Hs  a  (sin  Z  +  sin  Z'),  or,  «  (tan  Z  +  fan  Z'),  (where  Z'  is  the  zenith  distance  of  the 
pole),  was  ftiund  to  represent,  approximately,  the  residuals,  r,  it  was  adopted.  In  the 
derivation  of  the'  corrections  from  —10°  to  +00°  declination,  only  stars  within  those 
limits  were  used.  From  —10^  to  —.'$4°,  the  <'orrectious  are  very  rough  approxima- 
tions, there  being  but  four  standanl  declinations  within  these  limits  to  control  the 
ciirvi'S.  In  fact,  the  curves  were  continued,  in  many  cases,  according  to  the  law 
adopted  for  them  within  the  liuiits  +0(1°  to  —10°,  where  this  course  was  not  too 
strongly  opposed  to  the  residuals  given  by  the  four  southern  stars.* 

We  proceeu  to  notice  su<!li  peculiarities  in  the  individual  corrections  us  appear  to 
be  worthy  of  remark. 

"  The  iiielliixlH  ui-eil  in  iliiliiiiii);  miiiik  of  Ibr  luricelioim  ol  Tahli'  ll.iiri"  n<it  eiitiri'ly  mtislnilory  to 
lliu  writiT,  liiit  wi'i'c  ri'ii<li'ii'<l  |>riii'ti('all.v  iiiiiivi>i<lii1>li>  lor  riiihiniH  wliicli  nii-  givru  in  llii'  intrmlnctiiry. 
(S,...  |,.  [-11) 


'J: 


,-i  \\\ 


^!f! 


484 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTUEUN  BOIJNDAKY  COMMISSION. 


178) 


lig  21.  I  Lave  supposed  that  the  systematic  error  in  this  cutalogtio  is  more  likely 
to  be  due  to  error  iu  the  constaiit  of  flexure  employed  thau  to  anything  else.  This  is 
found  to  correspond  well  with  the  residuals.  Assuming  the  correction  to  bo  of  the 
(orm,  a  (sin  Z+  sin  Z'),  we  have  for  a  +  ".IG.  The  use  of  this  formula  was  continued 
to  the  extreme  southern  limit. 

Gh  22.  The  correction  is  so  small  and  so  uncertain,  that  zero  has  been  adopted  for 
all  declinations. 

Dt  24.  The  correction  is  assumed  to  be  of  the  form  x  ^!LJL£j  where  p  antl  /  are 

rcs|)ectively  the  mean  refractions  foi  a  given  star  and  the  pole.    We  have : 

X  =  -  .299 

The  Dorpat  observations  are  reduced  with  a  refraction  constant  which  is  fiessel's 
multiplied  by  .99545.»  From  the  formula  we  shall  have  as  the  true  factor,  .99545  x 
1.0U299  =  .99843.  The  following  table  shows  the  agreement  of  the  formula  with  the 
means  of  the  several  groups  of  residuals. 


Mean  6  of 
group. 

Number 
ofstarn. 

Mean  value 
ofr. 

Formula. 

Residual. 

0 

—    8.9 

3 

II 

—  .  41) 

—  .53 

—  .04 

+  5.  a 

6 

—  .53 

—  .34 

+  .19 

-1-  13.8 

8 

—  .21 

—  .27 

—  .06 

+  25.8 

6 

-  .  03 

—  .22 

—  .19 

+  4:t.o 

:i 

—  .17 

—  .  15 

+  .u2 

+  .la.  .■» 

5 

—  .25 

-  .13 

+  .12 

+  62.3 

2 

—  .18 

-  .10 

+  .08 

+  75.0 

4 

—  .08 

—  .06 

+  .02 

Ao  29.  The  process  with  this  correction  was  exactly  similar  to  tbit  pursued  with 
Dt  24.    We  have  :— 

X  -  -  .333 
and  the  following  comparison : — 


Mean  6  of 
group. 

Number 
ofntars. 

Mean  value 
ofc. 

Forranla. 

Residual. 

0 

,, 

„ 

// 

—     8.9 

3 

—  ."wi 

—  AM 

-   .04 

+    ,^2 

6 

—  .34 

-  .39 

-   .05 

+  13.8 

8 

—  .36 

—  ."2 

+  .04 

+  25. 8 

0 

—  .33 

—  .25 

+  .08 

+  43.0 

3 

.w 

-  .17 

+  .11 

+  .V2. 3 

0 

-  .03 

-  .14 

-  .u 

+  62.3 

.1 

-  .02 

—  .10 

-  .07 

+  75.0 

4 

+  .or, 

—  .06 

-.n^ 

S.  H.  31.  From  declination  -4-60°  to  — 10°,  the  curve  was  formed  by  adding  to  the 
numbers  given  by  Dr.  Auwers  for  S.  n.  31  (Axt.  Nach.  Bd.  04,  iS.  378),  the  diflference 

•  Poa.  Med.  (Struve),  p.  xxxii,  Int. 


70] 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  485 


lietwoeu  tbe  correction  just  deilucc<l  for  Ac  29  and  tliiit  given  by  Dr.  Aiiwerw  (ibid,),  tbc 
dillereiice  being  taken  in  tbo  sense  Normal — Anwers.  For  tbe  limits  —10°  to  — 3(P, 
tbo  catalogue  places  corrected  to  Bessel's  refraction,  were  taken  witbout  cbange. 

C.  G.  U.  33.  Tbe  correction  for  tbis  catalogue  was  Ibrnied  in  precisely  tbe  same 
manner  as  tliat  of  S.  H.  31,  and  between  tbe  limits  —10°  and  —30°,  correction  zero  is 
arbitrarily  adopted. 

Co  34.  Tbe  residuals  were  plotted  on  a  convenient  scale  as  ordinates,  botb  singly 
and  in  groups,  witb  tbe  mean  declinations  as  abscissa*.  A  curve  of  tbe  simplest  form 
was  tben  drawn  by  band,  passing  as  nearly  as  possible  tbrougb  tbe  mean  of  the  points. 

£b  37  and  Eb  43.  Constructed  on  similar  principles  to  tbat  of  Cc  34. 

Kg  3S.  A  hand-curve  was  drawn,  but  was  found  to  be  very  uncertain. 

Gh  39.  In  tbe  interval  +  90°  to  4-  52°,  tbe  correction  zero  was  assumed.  Tbe 
remaining  interval  is  well  represented  by  tbe  formula,  —  ".CI  tan  Z,  wbich  is  adopted. 

Ce  40  and  Ce  48.  Process  same  as  for  Ce  34. 

Kg  43.  Tbe  formida  of  correction  assumed  is : — 


7r+ 


ioo" 


The  values  derived  are  these:  K=  +  ".30  ±  ".09;  » =  —  .24  i  .15.  Tbe  correc- 
tion zero  is  assumed  between  tbo  limits  —  10°  and  —  30°,  though  from  the  formula  a 
small  minus  correction  would  residt. 

Pa  45.  Tbe  adopted  form  of  correction  is  a  (sin  Z  -f  .503),  tbe  decimal  number  being 
the  approximate  sine  of  the  co-latitude.  Tbis  would  closely  represent  tbe  efl'ect  of  an 
error  in  the  adopted  coeflicient  of  sine  Uexure.  There  is  room  for  reasonable  doubt 
whether  tbo  constancy  of  tbe  coeflicient  of  llesure  can  be  relied  upon  where  tl  c  ocular 
and  objective  are  interchanged  as  at  Poulkova.  At  any  rate,  as  will  appear  from  the 
subjoined  table  of  comparison,  this  formula  accounts  vciv  accurately  for  the  difl'ereucc, 
Normal  —  Poulkova.    The  value  ol  tbe  constant  is  +  ".341  i-  ".015: — 


Mea    <!of 

Xiimber  of 

Moiin  v.ilne 

l'\)rmnla. 

Resiiliml. 

gruiip. 

Btar.s. 

<il  r. 

—   a9 

:! 

+  .49 

+  .4<t 

.00 

+  .1.  a 

r. 

+  .4:1 

+  .4.-. 

+ .(« 

+  i:i.H 

rt 

+  .4t^ 

+  .  4..' 

—  .«; 

+  2.\8 

<■• 

-f  .;ii 

+  .:iii 

+  .0."i 

+  43.0 

a 

+  .•^r. 

+  -y* 

+  .02 

+  r>2.  A 

r. 

+  .Hi 

+  .-'1 

•f  .0.'. 

+  c-.>.:t 

o 

+  .:(.< 

+  .l(i 

-  .22 

'     +  75.0 

1 

4 

-  .o> 

+  .08 

+  .10 

The  use  of  tbis  formula  is  continued  to  the  .southern  limit. 

Gh  45.  A  simple  hand  curve  is  drawn. 

Ko  45.  Owing  to  tbe  large  probable  error  of  this  authority,  and  the  uncertainty  of 
the  curve,  a  comparison  with  Pa  45  and  Gh  45  is  instituted  for  every  star  in  common 
with  these  catalogues  and  tbat  at  the  end  of  this  paper.  The  comi)arisons  are  included 
within  the  limits +90°  and  — 10°  declination,  and  are  in  the  sense  of  corrections  to 


r 


LtjM 


rii 


48G 


UNITED  STATES  SOKTllEHN  MOUNDAUY  COMMISSIOX. 


(Sr; 


Rv  '1.5.  The  weights  wore  lulopted  without  reference  to  the  iiiiinber  of  obscrvatioim  in 
Pa  45  or  Gh  15,  unless  the  uunilH>r  in  the  former  is  less  than  4  and  in  the  hitter  less 
than  5.     With  this  exception,  the  weights  are  these: — 


Uliwrvatiiiim 
ill  Ko  4.'i. 


a  or  I 
."•  or  iiiiuv 


Tbeso  were  multiplied  by  .5  when  the  number  of  observations  in  either  of  the  other 
catalogues  is  1,  by  .7  when  in  Oh  45  the  number  is  2,  by  .8  when  in  Pa  45  the  number 
is  either  -  or  3,  and  in  Uh  45,  3  or  4.  It  was  seldom  necessary  to  use  these  factors. 
The  following  table  contains  in  the  lirst  column  the  mean  declinations  of  the  groups 
Pa — Ue;  in  the  second,  the  mean  residual  Pa — Ke  for  each  group;  in  the  third,  the 
weight;  in  the  fourth,  the  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  this  weight  determined  from 
each  group. 

The  tilth,  sixth,  and  seventh  columns  contain  corresponding  particulars  for  Oh  15 — 
Itc  45,  omitting  the  probable  errors,  which  were  not  determined.  The  eighth  and  ninth 
columns  show  respectively  the  sums  of  numbers  in  columns  two  and  six  added  to  the 
corresponditig  corrections  of  Pa  45  and  (Jh  45,  taken  from  Table  II.  The  tenth  column 
contains  the  means  of  columns  eight  and  nine,  giving  the  numbers  in  column  eight 
double  weight  except  for  the  lirst  group.  From  this  last  column  the  curve  of  correc- 
tion is  constructed  graphically  by  the  usual  method. 


.. 

a.           :t. 

1 

I. 

i** 

0. 

7. 

s. 

u. 

10. 

o 

" 

O 

„ 

„ 

, 

, 

—    H.4 

-  .iia 

(i 

-t  .CO 

—   s.c. 

+  .40 

H 

+ .  l(i 

+ 

.  .Vl 

+ 

.  ac. 

—     O.H 

+  .  \'> 

0 

.4.-. 

—   i.a 

+  .r,a 

a 

+  .(ia 

+ 

.  ('><) 

+ 

04 

+    ^^.:^ 

—  .7rt 

i> 

.41 

+   a.t! 

—  .(!() 

(! 

—  .aa 

.  la 

.ao 

+     Kl 

—  .iK) 

1.-. 

.ai 

+     r-.O 

—  .18 

i.-i 

—  .aa 

CO 

— 

.  1.". 

+  l:1.7 

—  .77 

i» 

.4a 

-f  ia.(! 

—  .41 

10 

—  .aii 

.ao 

— 

.ai 

+  I--.  1 

-.U 

(i 

.Jii 

+  H.a 

—  .  aa 

0 

—  .oa 

— 

.01 

— 

.oa 

+  -i-.'.S 

-1.10 

<( 

.4S 

+  •-••.■.'.» 

—  .Hl> 

l» 

^^.j 

_ 

.70 

— 

.71 

+  -iH.  0 

—  ..-^7 

4 

.40 

+  2t^.  I 

—  ..'■.7 

(! 

—  .r.a 

— 

.4a 

— 

.U» 

+  :;.■>.  1 

-l.:!4 

r. 

.AC> 

+  a,-..  I 

-  .t<l 

a 

-i.oa 

— 

.70 



.04 

+  11.1 

—  .tH 

•JO 

.ir. 

+  41.4 

—  .oa 

*i 

—  .40 

— 

.(K! 

— 

.ai) 

+  17.  a 

—  .  :i4 

1!) 

.44 

+  47.-.' 

+  .aa 

'.'4 

-  .(9 

+ 

.14 

— 

.01 

+  .■.■.'.() 

-  .-a 

13 

.  a,'. 

+  .M.S 

+  Ai 

i.--. 

—  .oa 

+ 

.04 

00 

+   .'.(i.H 

—  .07 

10 

.(<t 

+  r(i.7 

--  .1.1 

14 

+  .i-i 

+ 

.  la 

+ 

.  la 

+  (il.O 

—  .07 

i:t 

.•Jl 

-t-  (50.  ti 

--  .IHi 

ai 

+  .00 

+ 

.00 

4- 

.UH 

:    +<i:l.i» 

+  .01 

(i 

.la 

+  <i(i.  1 

--  .aii 

>.• 

+  .  M 

+ 

.a(i 

+ 

.18 

•     +  7(1.  !• 

+  .(Mi 

11 

.a-.> 

+  70.  1 

+  .(14 

10 

+  .70 

+ 

.CO 

+ 

.  "tW 

+  71!.  r. 

IH-,.S] 

+i.o.-> 

7 

.x\ 

+  7C.,8 
|S.-,.7] 

+  ..v.> 
[+  -a-J] 

0 
171 

+!.ia 

+ 

.  .'.a 

+ 

.\H 

Till'  correction  of  the  table  is  not  considered  applicable  lu'twecn  the  limits  (S()Oiind 
(MP  declination  when  stars  are  observed  liotli  above  and  below  the  pole.  Hetween 
the  limits  —Id'  and  —  L'S^"  the  curve  was  constructed  by  the  help  of  Dr.  Anwers's 
table  (Ant.  ytuh.,  Hd.  (i4).  Search  for  terms  in  the  declination  correction  of  l>e  45, 
which  *lepend  niton  th(!  right  nseen.sion  of  the  star  for  their   nnignitude,  faile<l  to  dis- 


[81) 


KKPOKT  OF  TIIK  OHIKF  A8THONOMBK,  AI'PKNIHX  li. 


4H' 


cover  niiy  \vlii.;k  it  wiih  tbout;lit  tiatli  to  n|)|>1,v.  Dr.  Ooiilil  thuls  a  coiisitliMiiblo  <-or- 
ri'ctioii  of  this  kind  (A»t.  Xach.,  1U\.  (!">,  s.  IM.'),  ami  Dr.  Aiiwi-r-*  (Ant.  A'dWi.,  15tl.  (il, 
H.  XiH)  (luiKs  by  coinimrisoii  with  Ao  2!t:  +  ".L'iS,"i  kiii  <»  —  ".IKico."  «.  Mv  »!<nn|»iui.soii 
liicliuU'H  star.s  bt'twtH'ii  —  10°  and  +  74°  di'diiiation,  and,  n)t»r  .subtract in>,'  ilio  dilVor- 
«'iH!»i  of  declination  corrections  iroin  tlio  Hcparato  dill'ereiice.s  I'a  —  He  and  Gli  —  He,  I 
Hiid :— 


Ptt4S-l{«4.'i. 

(ili4.'-.  — Uo^V 

Moan  '1 
of  group. 

WfiRllt. 

Difforciiei'. 

Mraii  II 
ol  group. 

Woiulit. 

DilToriMn'. 

h. 

„ 

h. 

O.'i 

It 

-  .11 

0.1 

—  .0'.' 

a.  2 

17 

+  .10 

»    •! 

+  .'-'1 

4.!i 

t;t 

+  .i:i 

4.  J 

+  -ai 

r>.8 

11 

—  .  iJ 

.'i.  s 

-  .1:< 

8.1 

to 

+   .01 

H.  1 

+   .0(1 

10.  I 

I.-. 

—  .:!.-i 

10.1 

;YJ 

I'J.  1 

fi 

-   .01 

1*  'J 

+  .01 

14.0 

11 

.00 

ill 

+  .:i7 

Ifl.O 

1.-. 

—  .;io 

Ki.O 

IH.O 

s 

-  .:m 

H.O 

+  .  '■'' 

Ut.  !• 

ir. 

+  .o-j 

10. ;» 

+  .-JO 

•.'ii.O 

I.-. 

—  .OG 

•JJ.  0 

•it 

+   .-JO 

Wn  47,  Wn  5(1,  \Vn  (!4.  The  correct iois  were  derived  by  the  };ra|>hical  |>i'oceN8. 
None  of  tlie.se  curves  are  very  certain  for  deelinatiouN  north  of  4(P. 

Tih  ni,  (Hi  57,  and  Gh  (i4,  I\s  53,  C.  G.  II.  58,  Ln  «J7,  Kc  08,  and  Wn  7li  were  al.so 
dixciis.sed  by  nieiiiis  of  hand  curves. 

So  55.  A  uniform  value  of  the  correction  was  adopted,  since  sulllcient  material  for 
drawing  the  cui-ve  with  requisite  certainty  was  not  available. 

Me  U8  and  Wn  (!8.  Coiupari.son  with  the  residuals  r  shows  that  the  results  of  tho 
discussion  of  V  hin^iton  and  Melbourne  declinations  (p.  (18)  answer  sut1i<Mently  well 
for  the  lirst  apimiximalion  to  their  respective  correct i«)ns.  This  o;iJnion  is  supported 
by  the  linal  discussions. 

Gh  70.  Tlie  eui|)irical  formula  u  (sin'  Z+  sin''  Z'),  which  diflers  little  in  practical 
ellect  from  that  employed  with  l)t  24  and  Ao  "Jit,  though  it  <i  )cs  not  very  elo.sely  rep- 
resent the  mean  values  of  r,  is  adopted.  Discn.Nsion  of  the  separate  residuals  tjivcs  for 
(I  —  1".17.    Tho  coin|)arison  with  means  is  as  lollows: — 


Mcuii  i1  of 

NiiiiilM>r 

Moiii)  r. 

l-'uriiinlii. 

('- 

Knmp. 

of  htlllS. 

—    s. !» 

:i 

—  1.  la 

—  l.o.-> 

+ 

+   r>.-.' 

<! 

—     .74 

—    .7;i 

+ 

+  111..- 

H 

—    .  :i:t 

—   .:'t 

— 

+  V!.-..  H 

(> 

—   .  :!.''i 

—    .:i'.t 

— 

+  l:t.O 

:i 

—    .:n 

—     .  "JO 

+ 

+  .vj.;i 

{> 

—     .  .^0 

—    .vi-^ 

+ 

+  tw.  :t 

a 

—    .;t- 

—   .yr 

+ 

+  7.\0 

4 

—     .41! 

—   .wii 

+ 

.07 
.01 

.aa 

.  (K> 

!To 


ii 


111 


If 


n 


'  'U 


• 


488 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


|S.'| 


If,  for  iiiHtanoe,  obaervntioiis  liavn  liceii  coritH'ted  by  tbe  formula  m  t>in  Z  votf  Z, 
wbeu  the  true  foruiuhi  is  a  mi  Z,  th«'ii  the  correction  a  sin'  Zvioald  be  required  for  tbe 
pohir  tliKtunce:*,  nd  published.  The  nveratte  correetioii  to  zeuith  distiiuceH  by  direct 
observation  during  the  years  18(»8-'72  for  K  —  D\a 

+  ".7.'»sin  Zvoi-.'  Z. 

If  we  suppoiie  tliat  thix  correction  should  have  bten  ajiproxiuately  +  ".75  8in  Z,  then 
declinations  would  reqtiire  the  correction  —  ".7.">  sin'  Z  +  (the  proiH'r  correction  for  lat- 
itude). 

It  is,  however,  probable  that  a  jjreat  part  of  the  correction  is  due  to  error  in  the 
adopted  constant  of  refraction, 

SECTION  VII. 

COKKliCTlON  OF  HESSKL'S  KIJNDAMENTA  ASTROSOMI.E. 

With  the  systematic  corrections  of  Table  II.,  and  with  the  system  of  weights 
already  used,  we  proceed  to  correct  the  assumed  declinations  of  stars  of  class  "t"  (p. 
8).  The  object  of  this  is  to  secure  a  greater  number  of  points  with  which  to  ci">|»are 
Bradley's  declinations,  and  even  this  lulditional  number  is  insulUcieut  for  the  satis. ..c- 
tory  solution  of  the  problem.  Tbe  criterion  ( f  .selection  of  these  additional  stars  is 
that  there  shall  bo  none  for  which  the  weight  of  J/i'  is  less  than  .5.  The  formation  and 
solution  of  conditional  equations  was  conducted  on  ]ireci.sely  the  same  principles  as  for 
the  fundamental  stars.  The  saiiic  authorities  were  used  (Gh  1752  and  1755  being  of 
course  excluded),  but  they  were  lirst  corrected  by  Table  II.  in  order  to  diminish  the 
eli'ect  of  uneven  «l  istribution  of  systematic  errors  in  the  series  of  corrections  for  a  given 
star. 

The  results  are  shown  in  Table  III.  where  the  adopted  corrections  of  fundamental 
and  circumpolar  stars  (Section  VI.)  are  repeated  lor  convenience.  The  explanation 
follow  s : 

Table  III. 


175.->. 


Name  of  star. 


A.I 


X  ITreiB  Minoris 319.6  ; 

<i  I'ri'.'p  Minoris lO.S); 

A  I'rwB  Miuoris 'i&i.l 

Camel..ii.(3'JH.)....  ID-J.O 

r  I'rsiB  Miuoris "JSS.  0 

,'  I'rsiP  Miiioria a;lA  3 

)  CV'lihei   Xt'i.i 

U  l'ry»<  Minoris 'JIT.! 

(J  irrsa"  Minotis '.^'-J.'.l 

,X  Drai'oiiis j  U7l).4 

)'  ITrsio  Minoris !  «I0.3 

I/)'  Praconis '  'UMi.G 

X  Draciinis ir>l>.  1 

(i  C-phci !  3-.'l.4 

u  DnicoDis 'J<>4.  *i 


+^A  0 
-fe(i.  5 
+^-4.7 

+7H.  .■> 
+7(i.  :i 
+7H.  s 

+7r..-2 


+7-J.  :l 
+7('.  7 
-f(Ki.  ."> 


.0-7 
.OOi) 

.  lA' 

.  I-.'7 
.  (I4.'> 
.  (ill.'i 

.  (i;o 

.  4.-ili 

.  073 
.  0,-ti 
.  4.'i(i 
.014 
.  40J 


Ad 


&^'      '  "S/i' 


.1  -  .-.Hi 

•  '  +  .66 

.  -f3.Kl 

.  —  .tW 


'.»  —  .39 

4  +1.  \1 

•27.0  -.-4.07 

(ill.  4  -i-i.ori 

•JU.3  —  l.'iS 


01 


43.4 
1.-..  9 
40. 0 
01.0 

I."'.'* 


—I.. •.7 

—  .30 
-f4.  17 
+  1.33 

-ta.iio 


1  M 
1. 00 

.SI 
l..->9 

.  ."9 

1.  IS 

..■i4 
.  on 

1.00 


Cor.  to 
Uradl.y 


-I.l 
—1.9 
—4.1 

—  .i 

—  .0 

—I.-,' 

+  ..'■< 
—3. '.' 
-3.1 

+  1.3 

+4.0 

—•.i .-. 
—3.7 
—3.  rt 


•J.  0 

1.0 

1.0 

.4 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
.4 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


liraiiliial. 


+  .3 

+  .:i 

—■i.  3 
+  .7 


-1.3 
-••>.  0 

—  l.H 

+3.H 
+  1.0 
-3.  1 
— •-'.  0 

-  1.-' 


(83) 


KEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


489 


Tablu  III— Coiitiniirtl. 


n'  riKii"  Mnjnris 
i<     DriicoiiiH 

I  Ci'|ilit'i 

II  'Draroiiiii.... 
e     l'aw)in|ii>in>. . 


I'rmr  Miijurin 

Ci-proi 

I>r.i<'iiiiis  . 

('(•plifi 

I'TMi"  Miijoris 


{'f|itioi 

I'xnv  Miijoris 

Drue  mis 

DriiciiiiiH ..  .. 
I'rMi'  Miijoria 


tl  Cfplii'i 

C  CeplH'i 

(<  I'rMi"  Miijoris 

4  C'ltiiiclopiinlul 

n  Cwdioprio) . . 

C  I'rsii"  Majoris 

J  Truir  Mii.jorii) 

»  I'a-diopi'iiB .. 

K  ('.V)iiii 

It  limit  m 

■i  OriiconiK 

0  \'r<n'  Miijiiris 
)  |1rin'oiii«.... 

i'  C'.VKiii 

t)  Ursir  Miguris 

fl  Cyuni 

'1  LlU'lTljO 

n  IVrsi'i 

1  ri>ii'  Mii.joris 
\  I'lMi"  Mujoris 

."il  Andrmiu'da'. 

il  IVrst'i 

'A  ItDOlis 

<i  Amipr 

V'  risji>  Mujoris 

.)  AiuiKiP 

ri  Cyciii 

X  l'i>u<  Majorls 

f  AuriRip 

a  Hi-reiili8 

It  I'rsip  Mujorisi 

}  Aiiilromedai. 

7  Aiiriftii* 

ii  IVrwi 

)  0«"i 


Kri.  I 

IIIH.  < 
•.'4.-..  -J 

:ii(i.  I 
l-il.i 

;w4.  ti 
1  i:i.  :i 

•JM.lt 

y.t;>.  :i 

'.•7.  '.> 

;!;!.■>.  0 
:t:ui.  (i 

Kil.T 

tUi.  it 
ti.7 


+ii:i.  1 

+111.  (i 

+(■,-'.  I 

+(ill,  ".I 
+til.j 

+(ill.ll 
-fl'iil.  ••' 

+.-.;•.  1 
+.v.i.-,> 

+:.^  -1 

+.-.7.V' 
+.-.7.  II 
+  .-.7.7 

I  +.•«;.  :i 


I'.V-i, 
17.-..  •.' 
'\  !> 
8S7. '.» 
•iU.i 

'Ml.  -i 

i;!9. 1 
•Jt;7. 7 


I  1 


+r>ti.  -J 
i  +r..-..  1 

I   +.V.'.  it 

j  +:.;t.ii 
+,-.•-•..-. 

+.V.'.- 

+.M.r, 

'.'SHI.  il      +.M.'.> 

•.'04.  .■>    +.'>ii. :, 


a)2. 5 
;t;c.. :! 

4ii.7 
ItiO.  ti 

I7:t.;i 

,M.4 

211.  M 

74.7 

lii;i.  '.t 


+4i).7 
+411. 0 

+  i;i.  II 

+4il.  II 
+4ii.  1 

+47.  4 
+47.(1 
+  47.-.' 
+  4.-..  7 
+  4.\r< 


•N).  4 

+44.11 

;itw.  :t 

+  44.  4 

l.MI.  ti 

+41.  1 

71.1 

+4:;.  4 

•.'4fi.G 

+4:l.  II 

l.^l.'.l 

+40.  7 

•J7.  •> 

+41,  1 

-■>. :( 

+411.  it 

1       4.1.  1 

+40.  tl 

1     ;t0!.4 

+;iit.  :> 

+  .04-)  fil.4  I  —  .4.-. 

—  .tUi"  i  til.  4     +1.IW 
+  .'Jli.!  4!t.  •.'      —  l.titl 

—  .;U-l  .  ■.\i.ti     +I.tl4 

+  .(Kir  :u.o  I  +i.(ii 


+ 


1 

lltl 

1 

(10 

1 

:i>'> 

57 

—  .  I.- 4 

+  .:i-'- 

+  .  l.-.t 

+  .iii:t 

—  .•.'4.' 


•,".'.  0 
4;i.  :i 
•Ji.-J 

4l.li 

:i7.  •,' 


+  1..V.'  .11,-. 
—  .0-  l.io 
+  .-'7  ,     .tW 

+1.IIJ  I  i.ai 
+i.;!7  I   .«j 


+  .l-.t)  .Ml.  It  +  .41 

—  .:Ull  4.\  4  ,  +  .114 

—  .ti,"ii  t.o.  •.'  +  .;!.-■ 

—  .tl,-)!)  ;ii.."i  —  .tl-.' 

+  .0118  ,  (11.3  '.  — l.tU 

I  1 

—  .44:.  I  :ti.8  i  +1.S,-. 
+  .  101  •.•7.:i  —  .7:1 

—  .  •.';!.'■  11-.'.  7  +  .:i;! 

—  .•.•7:<  41.^  +  .Oil 
+  .O.Mi  4ii 


.  :1!I7 
.•Jill 

.4:11 

.0111 

.  •.':t4 

.  07  it 

.  ti;!0 

.  .•.114 
.  Itil! 
.  14.' 


•JH.  tl 

;iii.  :t 

27.  ^ 
i>\.  it 

:i'.'.  1 

44.  1 

lltl.  1 
:i2. 0 

2S.  1 


+  .:W4  •Jil.4 

+  .-.'11-.'  '  :iii. tl 

+  .-Jl-'  :i7.4 

+  .4(11  :tii.  H 

+  .l-.V-i  4.-..:i 


+  .otnt  '  ;io.2  ;  +-.'.41  .r.4 

+  .-.'•.'7  '  41.  :l  I  —  .(W  I  .117 

+  .414  I  :l.\it  -4.2.->  I  .H7 

+  .17.->      Itl.O  +  .-2  I  .(!() 

+  .02:1  :  (12.7  '  —  .4:1  '  l.(.:i 


.004  I  42.0  ;  +  .:);i  ,  i.tis 

.  lilt!  '  (il.l  '  —  ,25  1.51)  I 

.  0S2  !  27. 7  I  —  .  24  |  .  70  ! 

.:!52  ;!2.  (i      +  .'■7  '  .7H 

,12:1  41.4     —  .IHl  t.  Ill 


1.2:1 
1.04 
1.00 
.74 
l.tlO 

.  IHl 
.  tilt 

l.t;:i 


—  .(1-i 

.117 

+    .00 

.70 

+  .11:! 

.117 

+  1.0:! 

.  ,v.t 

_  ;,s 

l.Oll 

+  ..-v.' 

.71 

—    .0"i 

l.Otl 

W-J 

1 .  till 

+  1.77 
—  1..V.I 
+  .Oti 

.ill 
.ill 
.70 

—  l.Oil 
+  1.14 
-1.40 

-l.:!l 

-2,  07 

.74 

.7:1 

1.05 

1.12 

1.14 

— :t.  i! 
-i.ii 
—2, 0 

—1.7 

1 

-2.2i 

.   t>     I 

—2.  (i 
— 1.»! 
—A.i 

—2.  5 
—2.  ;i 
+4.0 
—1.8 

-  .1 

—  .4 

tl 
—1.2 

+  ■' 

—  .1 

+  ••■; 
— i.i 
+  .« 

+  .:t 


+  •» 

—  .ti 

—  1.7 

—  .  8 

-I.ii 

—  .5 

—  .7 

+  •;> 
—2. 4 


+  -2 
—  l.tl 
+  1.11 

+  !.■< 


+  1. 


1.0 

1.0  I 

u'l 
1.0  i 

1,0  I 
1.0 
0.4  ' 
1.0  ' 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.5 

1.5 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0  , 
1.0 

8.0, 
1.0  I 
2.0  i 

2.0  : 
1,5 

,4 
1.0 
1.5 
1.0 
1.0 

1,0 

1,5 

.4 

.1    A 


2.  0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


1.0 

l.tl 

+  .11  1.0 
+  l.ti  i  1.0 
+2.4  ;    1. 5 


I 


—  .(>    ■ 

—  .:i 
-1.5   I 

=«:«! 
-.8 ! 

—  .8 
+  !.!•    { 

—  .9    I 

—  .-i 

0.0 
+  1.0 

—  .'i 

+  .B 

+  .:« 

—  .4 

—  .11 
+  l.ti 
+  .1 

—  1.5 
+  .11 

—  .(> 

—  .7 

+1:1  j 
-i.(i  i 


— 1, 


+1 


+ 
+ 
+ 


■FT 

'5;) 

ijt": 


. '! 


1 1  ■»  i 
:4 


5 


rt 


a 


./^ 


t    ill 

m 


490  UNITKI)  8TATKS  NORTUEKN  UOUNDARY  COMMIHdlUN.  (84) 

Taole  III— GoiitiniMNl. 


■  ii 


Nnnin  of  «tur. 


r  I,>riii 

V  lll'll'QiiH 

<i  ('iiniiiii  Vt'iiutk'oriiiii 

(t  Lytw 

(11  t'jK'ii 

/<  At  (ll'OIIII'lliD 

li  TriiiiiKiili 

e  ('.vjiiii 

i<  I..VIW 

I  AiiriKUt 

C  llt'ICIlliH 

C  t'.VKiii 

,1  Tiiiiri 

il  (iriniiKiriiiii 

<i  Aiiilroiiiudo) 

//  lltTVIlliH 

r  ItootlH 

u  (*orotiii' , 

/t  lil'OlliH , 

r  LculUH 

r/  Tiiiiri 

II  Aiii'liH 

It  (li'iiiinoriim   

il  lii'iiiinnriiiii 

(I  LruiiJH , 

;'  l.i'oniH 

'(  Htiofis 

1/  ItntiliH 

"  Tiiiiri 

/(  LcouiH 

«'  lllTVIlliH 

n  lVKii»i , 

y  IVkiihi 

C  Aqiiiliu 

n  U|iliiiiulii 

n  I  <!uniH , 

>  Ai|niliB 

C  I'f  KIIHl , 

«  ()|iliiiicbi 

r  l*U);iiai 

rt  A<|iiilni , 

•I  Orion  Ih 

f  I'Ihciiiiii 

I  ll.vilriu 

(I  .Stirpfiitm 

M  I'iHciiim  

)<  Aijiiiliu 

t  I'iHcitim 

u  tVli 

ii  A<iiiilii> 


1-:..' 


•J7!>.  I 

un.i 
'.'7: .  -J 

n.o 

Mr*.  H 

:n>.  I 

a.s».  :i 

7(t.  :i 

aiH.  (( 

;»ir..  II 

77.7 

11  •.•.(; 

•.Kif.  il 

aiH.c, 
s.':ii.  I 
111.7 
1  i:i.  0 

r.:i.  a 
-■>•*.  I 
'.»■-'.  (I 

UHk  \ 

1th..  ;i 

i.M.<; 
iiii.i 

a(i."i.  H 
(>:>.  :> 

174.1 

liV..  "I 

:i4:i.  1 

2h;i.  .-. 
'JWt.  u 

MH.H 

yi»:i.  7 
3;i7.  ;t 
u->\.:> 
»£',.  u 

204.7 

tc..  r. 
i-.>.  t> 

I'-'f .  4 

2;):i.  1 

ir.*!.  7 

ait:..  H 
■.m.ti 

4-.'.  4 

af'H.  :i 


+:t!».  4 
+:i!».  4 
+:vx  (i 
+;!H.  ti 
+;i7.  *i 

+:m.  :t 

+:i:i.  1 
-l-:i;i.  1 
+:ia.  H 

+:u.  1 
-f',ii.  a 

+-i^.  4 
-i-v'f .  ti 
+•-•7.7 

+•-'7. !) 
+•2-'.  1 
+27.  II 
+27. 1 
+24. '.» 

+2:!.  ;i 
+22.  :i 

+22.  li 
+22.  4 
+21.1) 

+21. 1 

H-2K.  r. 

+  l'.Mi 

+  lti.ti 
+ir..!) 

+14.7 

+i:t.i» 
+i;t.H 
+i;i..''> 

+  12.  H 

+i:i.2 

+  10.(1 

+  !».r> 

+   !•.  H 

+   H.  H 

+  K2 

+  7.:t 

+  ti.li 

+  7.:t 

+  7.2 

+  .'•... ^ 

+  .^.  rt 

+  4.  ;t 
+  ;i.i 

+  2.  ti 


^^ 


—  .7:11 

—  .(if,". 

+  .:ti!-.' 

+  AMI 
+  .2.-.4 

—  .y.^i 

+  I.rti7 

+  .  I4(» 

—  .44-^ 

+  .ii;i!» 

—  .r.17 

—  .242 

—  .2llti 

—  .141 

+  .1104 

—  .  121 

—  .tllH 

-  .4;!.-. 

+  .Olli 

-  .I'.M) 

-  .  12rt 


+ 


+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 


.172 
.  142 

.  :i:il 
.  2;!  1 
.  220 

.(ItiO 

.  2,- u 

.  I!I7 

.;t:iii 
.2:!! 

.  140 

111 


+  .(M 

+  .(it»;i 

—  .41(1 

—  .011 
+  .(i;i7 

+  .niti 

+  .1110 

—  .;i4;i 

—  .  irtt 

+  .tt2H 

—  ..M.-. 

—  .  i;iii 

—  .  .^72 
,  2tl7 
,  1(H) 


+ 


"^fl 


2«.  1) 
42. 4 
40.1 
l>!>.  1 

:i«>.  0 

:i(>.  0 
20.0 
20. 4 
4li.  2 

20.  ti 
20. 2 

(10.  4 

7(1.  ;i 
70. 4 

IH.2 
:i2. 4 

liO.  7 

:i(i.H 
:m».  1 

:!().  li 

7(1.7 

:il.7 
4:1. 2 

X..7 
7(1.7 
411.  4 
71.  r. 
(iO.  7 

7(1.  r> 

70.7 
110.  i 

:to.  0 
711.  ;t 

71.. 'i 

70.0 
20.7 
20.  H 
2:1.  (i 

71..-. 
71..-. 
2(i.  1 
^^.  2 

T\.:, 

X,.  I 
71..'-. 
42.  0 
7I..'-. 

4:..  H 


<i/i' 


+  1.(i7 

— :i.  20 

—  .H7 

— i.(i;i 
t  •  '■• 

-2.  17 

—  .lirt 
-2.(il 
—2.  10 

—  I.t).-. 

+   .IH 

—  .1..-. 
+  .X. 

—  .  i;i 

—  .00 

-1.04 

+  .r,:i 
— l.tio 
+  i.2:t 

—  l.liH 

—  .IH 

—  !(i:i 
—2.  -M 
— i.tii 


—  .01 

— I.rt2 

—  .Hi 

—  .li* 
—1.0.-. 

— I.IH 

—  .2r. 

+  1.H.-. 

—  .:io 

—  .til 

—  .10 

—  .02 
+  .:t2 
— :t.  4<i 


—  .41 

—  .74 

+  1..'.H 
+  .  40 

—  .11 


^^/i' 


.till 
1.12 
1.24 

l.tiO 

.Kl 

.71 

.  r.o 
.0:1 

l.drt 

.77 

.7H 

l.HO 
l.Kl 

i.r.2 

.(i7 
.7li 
l.Kl 
.04 
.70 


I 


l.Kl 

.  r.o 

.  M 

1.01 


■;t.  1 1  .  7ti 

■2.02  l.Kl 

■1.22  1.0:1 

—  .70  I.H4 

—2.  44  I.  Kl 


1.H4 

l.rtt 

1.H2 
.72 
1.8.' 

1.H4 
1.77 

.lirt 
.Kl 
.lirt 

l.Kl 
l.Kl 

.0:1 

litil 

.00 
l.rtl 

.  0(> 
1.H4 
I.  tit. 


Cor.  to 
llrdillKy. 


-i.r. 

+1.7 

+  .< 
+  1.1 

+  .» 

+2.  n 
+  1.2 
+1.0 
—1.7 
+1.1 

+i.r. 

—  .0 

—  .4 

+  .H 
+  1.1 

+2.4 

+  .:i 

+2. 0 
—2.  :> 
+  1.1 

—  .7 

+  .r. 
—1.2 

+  ••■' 

—  .11 

+1.1 

+  1.H 

+  .r. 
+1.7 

+  1.M 

+1.4 
+2.H 

—  .1 
+2.1 
+:i.  0 

+1.0 
+  1.2 
+1..'-. 
+  1.0 
+1.1 

+1.7 

+  1.0 

— 1..^ 

+:t.:i 
+2. 0 

—  .7 
+  1..-. 

—  .2 

—  .4 

+:i.:i 


1.0 

.7 

.7 

2. 0 

1.0 

.0 
.0 
.7 
.0 
.0 

.7 
.0 
.r> 
.0 
.0 

.0 
.7 
.0 
.0 

.11 

.0 
.0 

.r. 
.0 
.0 

.0 
2.0 
0 
0 


.0 
.ti 
.11 

a.ti 
2.0 
.7 
1.0 
1. 11 

1.0 
i.r. 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


litmitliml. 


-1.(1 

+  .» 
+  .'i 
+  -'i 

—  .1 

+  1.7 
+  .:t 
+  .0 

—  2. 1 
+  .r. 

+  .:i 
-1.4 

—  2. 0 
+  .:i 
+  .2 

+  .0 

—  .(> 
— i.(i 

—  l.H 
+  .1 

—  .H 

—  .;t 

—  .7 

—  .1 
—1.0 

0 
+  .:> 

—  .M 
+  .0 

+  .;i 

—  .:i 

+  1.7 

— 1. 1 

+  .:t 
+i.:t 

+  .4 

—  .4 

+  .:> 
0 

—  .1 

+  .2 
+  .1 

—  I.(i 
+  1.0 
+  1,0 

—  .0 

0 

—  .7 

—  1.0 

+1.-' 


[85]  IlEl'OltT  OF  TOE  CIIIKF  ASTHONOMKK,  ArPKNDlX  II.  491 

TaiiM'!  Ill— (^ontiiiiUMl. 


Nunio  (if  Hiar. 


y  <V(1 

/)  Vir);iiiiN 

C  ViiKiiiiH 

7  Vii'){iiiiH 

il  OrliMiiH 

'/  Ai|niirii 

I  A(|iii>rii 

F  Ol'llllliH 

>l  ScrpiiiitiH 

<l  Ojiliiiirlii     

^t  Ai|iiikrii 

"  llyilnii 

/<  OiioiiiN 

H'  IVti  

,{  l.ilirin  

II  ViiKiiii'' 

"'  Ciipricoriii 

cl  ('ralri'iN 

y'  Ki'idiiiii 

"'  l.iliiHi  

II  I.(t|MiriN 

,(  (Vli 

/J'  Ni'iiipii  

/i'  SiiKittnrii 

il  SiDrpii  

/)  Curvl 

ITi  ArjiiH  

II  Sidrpii  ...... 

t  (Willis  MiiJiiiiN  . 

11  I'iNciN  AiiHlniliH 


17.".. 

ti 

,t 

;i7.7 

+  'i.'i 

17  1. .'. 

+  :i.l 

'.'(Ml.ti 

+  (1.7 

IHI.H 

+  (1.7 

7it. !» 

-  (».  r. 

;i:i.'-..  7 

—  1.1 

iivjH.  ;t 

-  1..-. 

HI.  11 

-  1.1 

'J7-,'. '.' 

—  •.'.'.» 

•.'10.  1 

—  :t.(i 

:ii!».7 

—  (i.  (i 

i;if|. !» 

-    7.(1 

v..  7 

—  H.r. 

17.  !> 

—  It.  :< 

'."•.'ti.  (t 

—   H,  .fi 

I'.IH.  1 

—  !».  il 

:ioi.  1 

-i:i.(i 

ICll.H 

-i:i.!t 

;.('..  7 

—  11.(1 

•Jli».  :i 

-I,-..  1 

Hii, :, 

-i;.!» 

■      (17.  H 

Is  H 

•j;i7.  H 

-til.  1 

•.'70.  'i 

-•Jl.  1 

2:i(!.  r. 

-'J-.'.  2 

lH.-,..l 

-•J-.'.  5 

ii'.i.;i 

-•i:i.i» 

•-'iii.i; 

-•J(i.  1 

Ki.'.y 

-•.'H.  rt 

:iii.(i 

— :i().  '\ 

—  .WW 

—  .dl'.l 

—  .wr. 

—  ..Mr> 

--  .('i(i;i 

—  .(i(i;i 
-  .■-'•.' I 

-f  .  :iCi(! 

—  .:i'.".i 

-)-  .  I'.ld 

-f-  .  I'.'t 

-I-  .  If*? 

-\-  .  w 

+  .(Mki 


+    .(I.-..' 

—  ..m; 
.(ill 

—(I.  117 

-I-  .(W) 

—  .(I'.W 

—  .:!(ii 
+  i.(i-.'(i 


+ 


!l(i 


+ 


,  KM 
.(i:i:i 

.(171 

—  .(i(i:t 

—  .(i(,lt 


^a,l 

Jl,.' 

% 

C»r.  to 
llrntlloy. 

IT 

UcnIiIiiiiI. 

:i7. 1 

-l.lt") 

.KO 

+  .M 

1.0 

+  .1 

r.H.  1 

—  .Kl 

l.ll 

+  l.(i 

1..". 

-     -i 

;i:i.(i 

-  .117 

.'i 

+  1.0 

1.(1 

+  l.<i 

'j.'i.  .'i 

-1.  I-.' 

,  'M 

+i.;i 

1.0 

.1 

■Jti.  (i 

+  I..M 

.  (i'.l 

+  .»» 

1.0 

—  .1 

17.  !• 

+  I.H'.' 

.  .">  1 

+i.(i 

1.(1 

+  .1 

71.. ^ 

—  .1(1 

I.HI 

+  '.'.H 

1.0 

+  1.(1 

•J  1. 1» 

-l..-|| 

.  .'■.(■ 

+:>..'. 

1.0 

+  1.1 

•.".».  ."> 

-a.  (11 

.  (W 

+  1.7 

l.u 

0 

;w.  7 

+  .  M 

.  7.'i 

+'-'.:i 

.7 

+  •:! 

•J.-'.  ;i 

-i.:io 

.7-1 

+:i.r. 

1.0 

+  l.(i 

(i'.i. ;» 

-   .7H 

I.HI 

+  1.(! 

1,0 

+  -1 

71..-. 

-  .(11 

I.HI 

—   .0 

a.  0 

—  .<> 

•J-.'.  1 

-   .H7 

.(;:i 

+  l.y 

1.0 

+  ■*' 

:it.(i 

-i.a;i 

.7!) 

+•.'.7 

1.0 

+  .1 

71.. "i 

— l.(Mt 

I.Hl 

+  ."•• 

l..'. 

-l.a 

■f  .lU 

-  .'J 

1.0 

-I.I 

+  1.(10 

—  .r. 

1.0 

-i.:i 

+  .11 



+   .'i 

1,0 

+  .;« 

— I.^HI 

..  . 

+  !.!» 

1,0 

0 

—  .i:t 



+  \.-i 

1.0 

-  .7 

+  l..|:t 

—   .H 

1.(1 

_  ^  .J 

.... 

-r..  rt.| 

+  1.7 

l.(» 

(1 

+  l.(i:i 

-l.-i 

l.u 

-1.0 

-1. 11 

+;i.H 

1.0 

+ .» 

+   .V^ 

+  .<■• 

1.0 

—  .7 

—  I.C'I 



+;i.--' 

1.0 

+  l.:i 

.... 

— I.IKi 



+  i.-,' 

1.0 

(1 

+  I.(1-J 

+1.1 

0.  .'i 

+  .f' 



+  i.;ii 

■ 

—  .:> 

1.0 

+  .1 

:;r 


'4 


ColiimiiH  Olio,  two,  and  tlirct'  ri>(iuir*>  no  t>x|iliiiiiition.  ('oliiintiH  four  luul  Hvu  coii- 
tiiiii  the  correction  to  the  iisnuiiumI  tlt'cliniition  for  the  i-|ii)cli  1.S45,  with  tho  w('i;;ht  a.s 
tltttcriiiiiu'il  from  the  (■(|iiiktioiis  of  fonditioii.  ('oliiniii  six  cxiitains  one  liniidred  tiineH 
the  correction  to  the  annual  variation  a.ssiiincti,  anil  colutnn  hcvoii  its  weight.  In 
reference  to  tlie  wei(;litN,  it  slionhl  litt  reninrkcil,  tliat  for  tlie  tir.st  five  star.s  the  weights 
were  ussntneil  on  (lilferent  princiiiles  from  tho.se  wliich  prevail  with  other  .star.s.  The 
manner  of  UHsi^iiin^  wei;;hts  to  lli(«  stars  IVom  "'  Cai)ri(;orni  to  a  I'iseis  Anstralis  IniN 
l)i'eii  already  e.\]ilained.  As  tiie.v  are  not,  tlierefore,  strictly  comparable  with  the  pre- 
ceding; they  are  omitted.  Colnmn  ei);ht  coiitiiiiiH  the  correction  to  (ih  1752  and  Uh 
1755,  resnltiiiK  from  the  preceding  valncs  of  J  "  and  J/-'.  The  process  of  oUfaininn 
thcH(^  corrections  was  thi.s:  The  (-ataloKnc  d<>cliiiat Ions  were  corrected  for  nntatioii  as 
explained  (p. -<>)•     The  duclinatioim  between  +  11°  and  —  11^,  have  been  corrected  by 


492 


UNITED  STATES  NOltTHERN  HOUNDAilY  COMMISSION. 


180) 


BcHM'l  t'orctTtaiii  qiinntitieM  iu>co8Hnr.v  tu  iiiiiki'  tlieiii  ngrec  with  Drntlle.v'H  obttervatioDS 
of  tlu>  8IIII.    The  lollowinK  tuhle  Ih  kIvcii  in  Fundamenta  A»trommiiir  (p.  (U). 


0 

—  i;i 

—  II 

—  It 

—  7 

—  fi 

i 

Corroctiiiii. 

tf 

Oorrctthiii. 

d 

Ciirrection. 

+  .:i 
+  .<'>:! 

+  .24 
+     '-i 
-  .0(1 

1  1  +++ 

// 

+    .07 
+  2. :«i 
+  l.o;i 

+   1.4'' 

+    .12 

o 
+    T 
+     !• 
+  11 

;    +  i:i 

+  1.28 

+     .47 

+    .4U 

Thetto  corii'ctioiiH  I  huvo  HiilttriR-tetl  from  th<>  I'litiilogiio  tlfH^liiiutioiiM;  by  which 
iiiPiiiiM  wu  iiru  able  to  h8hiiiiiu  tlio  huiiio  Hyatftn  for  ull  HtiirH  south  of  Greenwich  zenith. 
The  NtiindHrd  declination  for  175:!  is  equal  to  the  assumed  declination  -f-  J/i'  —  .03  J/i'. 
From  the  Htantlurd  ho  formed  i.s  Hulttracled  the  correcti'd  declination  of  the  catalo{;ue. 
The  result  it*  the  "Correction  to  Bradley ."  For  the  stura  ruumcratcd  below  the  correc- 
tions to  declinations  from  lower  culmination  are  given  with  reversed  sign,  as  theniwve 
table  deals  with  upper  culmiuatiou  only. 

Stars  observed  aub  polo. 


Nutiio. 

a +  180° 

&:;.  «''•'«-• 

Name. 

n  +  l80o 

Cor.  to 
Ilrudli'y. 

WfiKlit. 

\    I'rom  MiuoriH ... 
a    llrviD  Minoris ... 
A    rrsin  Minorio  . .. 
Cmiiclo|>.(:t2H). 
f    tlintu  Minoris... 
C    IJrsai  Minoris ... 

o 

i:i9.r. 

190.9 

102.7 

12.0 

78.0 

58.3 

1 

+  .24  1    .4  : 

— l.Wi           2.0     ' 

+i.i;i   j     1.0 

—8.74     !       1.0     , 
—  .27           1.0 

—2.85     j       1.0    . 

J     Ci'pliei 

o 

172. 4 

84).  (i 
lOH.  1 

(i.-..  2 
101.9 
1119. 1 

+  .W» 
-2. 24 
+  1.17 
-.^.(14 
+2.04 
-  .24 

.4 

l!o 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

V'    Priii'onJH 

(I     |)riM'<iiiiH 

V     DracoiiiH 

n     DrnronU 

0    llrmi)  Miijoris  . .. 

The  ninth  colomn  gives  the  we  ight  used  in  solving  the  equations  of  condition, 
following  is  the  scale : 


The 


oi». 

Weight. 

1 

2 

»-9 

10-2.% 

over  25 

.4 

.7 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

In  estimating  these  weights,  no  account  in  taken  of  the  uncertainty  of  the  standard 
places.  Their  probable  error  seldom  exceeds  ".45,  and  for  the  fundamental  stars 
averages  about  ".3.  The  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight  for  the  additional  stars 
is  approximately  ".35. 

Owing  to  the  uncertain  character  of  the  residuals  I  did  not  think  it  safe  to  attempt 
the  «lrawing  of  a  curve.    Careful  preliminary  examination  showed  that  the  error  varies 


|H7| 


UKl'OUT  Ol'  TIIK  OUIKK  ASTItUNOMKU,  Al'l'BNUIX  II. 


4U:{ 


Kicatly  Willi  tlu>  Uii;lit  AmTiiHioii,  nccortliiiu  to  whut  liiw  it  Ih  tlifUciilt  tocoiii«cliii«>. 
1  aiisiiinud  lit  tlrNt  the  HiinpUt  |)i'riodi(!  lorinulii  ol'  uorn-iiioM, 

X  Hill  a  +  y  COM  a. 

Tli«  form  of  tliu  «k>cliniitioii  correction  (onlor  of  ticcliiiation)  ospecinlly  for  80utlioru 
BtarH,  apficarH  to  b«  tolerably  well  n>|>roHeiitctl  by  the  exprcHHioii — 

t'  -f-  ir  8iii  'J  Z  +  u  tan  Z. 
For  Houtiiorn  stara  alone  the  normal  equationH  are  thcHc: 

II 
+  100.3  V  +  77.2  tc  -    0.0  J-  +    n.J)  y  +  1 11  0  «  -  100.0  s  0 

+  77.2  r  +  «;!.r.  ir  -   ;i.:«  j-  +  a.n  y  +   .s*_'.:»  u  -  nr>.i  =  o 

•  -  0,0  r-  ;U  !P  +  .W.O  J' +  1.H.V-  0-'H+  ;jo.i=o 
+  5.0  I'  +  X'.)  w  +  I.HX+  lO.O  y  +  4.'2  u  +  «.5  =  0 
+  111.0  P  4-  82.3  w  -    !».'_•  J'  +     1.2  y  +  2».").2  u  -  121.8  =  0 


From  wiiieli — 

r  =  -  21 
r=  +  l."»0 
J  =  -  .11 
i^=-  .2.^» 
H=  +    .08 

/  muiRed  ill  four  nearly  eciiial  Bronps,  we  have  the  following  values  of  r,  r,  niul 
y,  the  reHiduaU  being  first  corrected  for  +  1".50  sin  '2  Z  +  ".08  tan  Z. 


Mean  il     1         r 

X 

y 

Weight 
(if  1/. 

AdiipttMl  y. 

o 

-  i:i.o 
+  08.  :i 
+  a.->.  (i 
+  4:1.4 

—  .-M 

—  .07 

—  .  i-i 

—  .19 

" 

—  .17 

—  .."«•.' 

—  .49 

—  .au 

—  .88 

-  .7a 

+  .09 

+  .:«} 

10 

10 

11 

10 

—  .98 

—  .48 

—  .(HI 
+  .37 

The  «!on8tancy  of  »  and  x  is  as  good  as  we  might  expect,  but  such  is  not  the  ciisci 
with  y.  Ill  the  uncertainty,  I  have  supposed  y  to  vary  directly  with  the  declination, 
and  find — 


»  =  — HrO 


The  ii|uations  for  iiortbeni  stars  are : 

// 

+  00.lt  V  -  27.0  ir  -  13. 1  J-  +    0.5  y  -  28.!)  «  +  03.8  =  0 

-  27.0  I'  +  20.3  ic  +    1.3  X  +    0.2 ,1/  +  21.5  tt  -  3.">.2  =  0 

-  13.1  I'  +    1.3  ir  +  31.1  X  -    1.8  y-    3.0  it  -  13.7  =  0 
+       .5  i>  +    0.2  ir  -    1 .8  J-  +  20.8  y  -    2.8  it  +  1 7.2  =  0 

-  20.0  e  +  21.5  ir  —    3.0  .r  —    2.8  y  +  I.3.0  11  -  31.5  =  0 


>H 


Ki 


'Ml 


494 


UNITED  STATUS  NORTHEBN  BOUNOAUY  COMMISSION. 


18«J 


Whence —  » 

r  =  -    .63 
tr  =  +  1.25 

T  =  +    .04 

y  =  -  .01 

«  =  -    .35 

The  liiimbor  of  stars  and  the  weights  are  too  small  to  admit  of  any  valid  argument 
from  the  process  of  grouping;  the  residuals,  however,  are  not  remarkably  well  repre- 
sented by  the  forinida.  The  real  correction  is  probably  much  more  variable.  The 
equality  of  the  two  values  of  w  derived  from  northern  and  southern  stars  is  quite 
striking.  The  smallness  of  u  in  each  case  is  an  argument  that  the  refraction  deduced 
by  Bessel  corresponds  well  with  Br.idley's  observations.  For  the  definitive  correction 
I  have  dropped  u  and  combined  the  equations  for  both  northern  and  southern  stars. 
Two  sets  of  coefficients  for  sin  a  and  cos  a  are  separately  determined.  For  northern 
stars  these  are  denoted  by  x"  and  .v'.  y  is  introduced  iuto  the  equations  in  order  to 
eliminate  its  mean  iufluoneo  on  the  determination  of  the  remaining  quantities. 

The  equation.^  follow. 


+  170.1  V  +  49.()  w  —  13.1  x'  +    0.5  y'  —  O.Gx  + 

+    40.0  »  +  S3.8 /r  +    1.3.1'+    0.2  J/'-  3.3  a;  + 

-    13.1  V  +    1.3  tc  +  SLlx*  -    1.8  2/'  0.0  je 

+      0.5  v+    0.2  w-    1.8 «'  + 20.8  2/'  0.0  x 


0.0  V  — 
5.0  V  + 


3.3  n- 
3.9  »r 


0.0  y 
0.0.1^ 


0.0  y'  +  59.0  X  + 

0.0  y+    1.8a;+49.Gy  + 


5.9  i/-  •m:2  =  o 
3.9  y  —  121.0  =  0 
0.0  y-  13.7  =  0 
0.0  2/  + 
1.82/ + 


17.2  =  0 

30.1  =  0 

8.5  =  0 


The  solution  gives : 


.-=  -  .21 
=  +  1.5G 
=  +  .25 
=  -  .57 
=  -  .41 
=  -    .25 


.06 
.10 
.16 
.16 
.10 


The  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight  is  ±  ".79.  For  northern  stars  it  is 
i  1".03;  and  for  southern  ±  ".05.  These  probable  errors  are  somewhat  larger  than 
can  fairly  be  ascribed  to  Bradley's  declinations,  since  they  include  the  eft'ect  of  the 
prebable  error  of  the  normal  [tlaces  themselves.  In  order  to  be  on  the  safe  side  I  have 
adopted  the  following  weights  in  llnal  discussion,  the  supposed  ])robablo  error  of  the 
unit  being  ±  ".30,  as  will  be  explained  hereafter. 


Weiftht. 

NumliiT  <if  iibHerviitiouH. 

Nortlicni  Ht.irs,      Soiitlierii  HtarH. 

! 

(to 
.05 
.1 
.'i 
.3 

1 

2t(iH 
!•,  or  iu<ire. 

1 

■>,  i.r  -.1 

4  to  ao 

21,  ur  niiiru. 

189J 


liKPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMElf,  APPENDIX  U.  495 


In  computing  Table  V.,  weight  .5  is  assigned  to  4  or  more  observations,  and  weight 
..■J  to  loss  than  that  number.  Declinations  of  Qhlio2S5,  from  one  observation  are 
rejected.  If  the  corrections  above  dete.  lined  are  combined  with  those  for  nutation 
we  liave — 

For  northern  stars  (north  of  51o.5  <?) 

-  ".21  +  1".50  sin  Z  +  ".05  sin  «  -  ".29  cos  «. 

For  southern  stars  (south  of  5lo.5  -5) 

,?\ 
~  \  cos  «. 

Z  is  reckoned  in  the  usual  direction  f'cin  0°  to  'MiO°. 

For  convenience  the  following  lables  have  been  constructed  : 


-  .21  +  1.56  sin  Z  -  ".82  siu  a  —  .24  f^° 

V     10 


Table  IV. 
Definiiine  corrections  for  BesavVs  Fundamenta  Astronomiw. 


Northern  stars,  +  51o.5  to  +  00°. 


Correction. 

t 

I 

Aliove 

IJclow 

pole. 

pole. 

o 

ti 

// 

,)0 

— 

.1.$ 

+    .82 

5.J 

— 

.40 

+  1.06 

liO 

— 

.00 

+  1.27 

05 

— 

.92 

+  1.40 

70 

— 

1.15 

+  l.GO 

|t> 

— 

1..55 

+  1.70 

80 

— 

1.52 

+  1.70 

85 

— 

1.05 

+  1.77 

90 

— 

1.7;5 

+  1.73 

Not  r;. — The  corrections  nro  applicable  to  ileclina- 
tioiis  (liroctly,  whether  ii'jserved  above  or  below 
poli>.  The  entire  correction  for  northern  stars  ia 
J +  11. 


B 


Corr. 


Il 

II 

It 

0 

— 

.29 

12 

1 

— 

.27 

13 

*> 

— 

.23 

14 

3 

— 

.17 

15 

4 

— 

.10 

10 

5 

— 

.03 

17 

6 

+ 

.05 

18 

7 

+ 

.12 

19 

8 

+ 

.19 

20 

9 

+ 

24 

21 

10 

+ 

28 

22 

11 

+ 

30 

23 

12 

+ 

29 

24 

From  Vl^  to  SI''  the  correction  has  the  op|M)stit« 
sign. 


r\\ 


I.;  "I 


!•  ;.' 


I  itifi 


I 


if 

[  ■■ 

i 


496 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNJJARY  COMMISSION. 


[90J 


0». 

For  stars  south  o/51°.5(5. 


A.II. 


DECLINATION. 


+50°  1+45°    +40°  +350   +J0=  +25'=   +80°   +13^   +10°  +0S°  1 +0«° 


0   +  .  4a'+  .  5« 

i-l-.ie,  ■    -■ 


'.iniX  iou 

-  .33-  .15 

-  .5?-  .31 

-  .10-  .6: 

-  .96:-  .m 

■i.oJ,-  .ri 

-1.131-  .10 
-1.10- 


-1.  02- 

-  .811- 

-  .6s;- 


.44- 

.10  + 

.01;+ 

+  .38+  .65 
-I-  .53+  .a 
+  .W+.91 

+  .  P8  +1.  05 
-f  .81-11.01 
-I-.84+1.03 

•  .10+  .03 

•  .nii-f  .11 
■ .  42+  .  :ii 


+  .m+i.2il+i..%a+i.io 

-fl.l2-|-l.39;4-l-C4-j-1.8li 
-(-I.S3+1.41-I-1.08+1  81 


l.St'+1.4!l+1.01 
1.88  4-1.40+1.01 
l.ai-l-I.36+1.49 


+1.8; 

■i-i.r.! 


+1.  Of +1.82+1.33+1.41 
+  .  ill +1.04+1. 1:1 -fl.  20 
-f-  .11-1-  .83+0.02'+  .99 


G+1. 18 
:.13-j-1.05 
.  69+2. 01 


1. 99+8. 15 
!.  03+2. 10 
(.01+2. 11 

04+2.01 
8d'4-l.  80 
65-l-l.Uti 

45+1.44 

23  -f  1. 
01+  .09 


■j-  .  93-4-  .  82!  -f  .  t;ii 


■  .13-1-  .1)2   -f  .41; 

■  .  .11  -I-  .  4f   -f  .  3.1 

■  .  40  +  .  39   -f  .  2( 


+  .00 
+  .69 
-fl.l4 


+  .41+  .30 
+  .434-  .41 
-f.50^-f  .52 

-I-.8.;, 

+1.04 

I 

-1.28+1.39 
-1.. 12  4- 1. 65 

-1.15:+1.8C 

+1.9.1+2.0*' 
-h2.--  '-  -■ 
+2. 


-1.95 +2.  Of' 
-2.Il-f8.22 
-3.234-8.31 

I 

+2. 21+8. 34 
4-8. 854s.  89 
4-2. 19  4-2.  If 

+2.04+2.01 

4-1.  eo -fi.  f  1 

-f  I.  64-1-1.56 

40+1.3 
lO-fl.O 
93  4-0. 8 


+1.40+1.31 
+1.104-1.05 
+0.93  4-0.68 


+  .20 
-I- .34 
+  .4f 

+  .61! 
+  .01 
+1.U 


t\: 


+8.1 

.pj.2! 
+2. 30 

+2. 30 
+±2f 
+2.1-1 


1.9,- 
.11 
.44 


I.  IV 

.00 
.00 


i 


t 


.  u 

.10 

.12 
.83 
.40 

h  .02 

p. 89 
[-1.19 

1.48 

1.10 
WJ 

t-a.  19 

t-2. 32 
1-8. 30 

ta.34 
2.2:1 
3.06 

t-1.84 
-1..19 
f-1.21 

f-  .98 
I-  .10 
I-  .46 


-80° 


.21 
.02 
.09 
.12 

01 
.06 
.21 


53 
82 
14 

1.45 
1.11 
.99 


+2.  If 

+2.ai 

+2.32 


cs 


i 


1.61 

1.38 

00 


■  .45 

■  .81 


.08:  . 
.20 

■  .361  . 

..31|. 

.30 
.14 
.10 


+ 


30 
11 
+1.00 


.30 
.60 
1.94 


i 


+2.12 

4-2.88 
-1-2.83 


hi.  10 


$ 


1.41 
.15 
.80 


tit; 

-  .08 


.40 

..If 
.61 
.66 

-  ..Kl 

-  .31 

-  .10 

+  .88 

-+  .94 

+1.29 
4-1.01 

+1.  8ll 

J 8.04 
2.13 
8.12 

+8.0;! 
-f  1. 83 
4-1. 50 


t 


1.24 

.Fi) 
.52 


+  .11 

-  .15 

-  .40 


-8.1° 


-  .15 

-  .oa 

-l.co 

-  .  9' 

-  .85 

-  .C3 

-  .in 


-1.  W 

-1.89 
-1.35 
-1.31 

-1.16 

-  .91 

-  .58 


+  .  02  -  .  80 
4-  .40  +.  .88 
-I-  .  60j  -f-  .  03 

+  1.11  +;.02 
+1.49  4-1.3U 
+-1.1.1   4-1.68 


+1.!fJ  -1-1.19 
+8.00  +1.85 
4-1.91   +1.81 


+-1.K.-  +1.C6 
-f  1.0:1  4-1.41 
-1-1.33   -1-1.08 


.  98  +  .  "0 
.001  4-  -^ 
.201  -  .13 


I 


-  .11    -  .53 

-  .41l|  -  .85 

-  .151  -1.18 


•  Between  -\-H°  ami  —14°,  (!,  the  entire  correction  is,  C+  ^iorrectiou  taken  with  opposite  sign  from 
table,  p.  02,  Fund,  Ant. 

SECTION  VIII. 


i  1  ! 


DISCUSSION  OF  I'lNAL  CORUKCTIONS   AND   WEIGHTS. 

With  tbe  correction  just  deduced,  we  shall  be  able  to  add  u  con;  iderable  imuiber 
of  standard  stars  to  the  ILst  euibraced  in  Table  III.  The  place.s  of  ihe  four  cxtienie 
southern  stars  of  Table  I.,  as  well  a.s  the  additional  stars  of  Tabl<'  I! I,,  will  lie  revised 
liy  the  addition  of  Gh,  I751i^,or  '55,  as  an  authority.  Forty  fundanientul  anil  cireuin- 
polar  stars  of  Table  I.  would  not  be  materially  alfected  by  this  addition.  For  the 
present,  their  declinations  as  already  corrected,  will  be  regarded  as  stimdard. 

Two  or  three  star.s,  which  should  have  been  included  in  the  list,  were  cuiitted  by 
accident. 

The  manner  of  deducing  J  S  and  J  /j.'  has  been  sufficiently  explained  under  sections 
Yl.  and  VII.  Their  values  will  be  found  to  bo  not  materially  different  from  those 
flnally  deduced. 


[91]  DEPORT  OF  TOE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  U. 

Table  V. 


497 


Values  of  AS  and  J/x'  adopted  in  computing  final  sijstematic  corrections  for  the  principal 

catalogues. 


Star's  name. 


a  AiKlromcdiD 

13  CiiNsiopi'io 

y  IVgiiHi 

C  Cassiopi'io 

n  CassioiM'iD 

B  Cpti 

1?  Cassiiipo.'o 

y  Cassio.icai 

c  PisciiHH   

/3  Aiulruiucdu! 

a  UrsiO  Minoris  . .. 

i!  CVissiopi'iu 

fli  CVIi 

1/  Pisciiiiii  

M  AiKlrnuicdiD 

54  AndromedtD 

0  I'isriniii  

f  Cassiopea)  

fl  Ariel  ia 

•)0  Crtssiopi'iD 

y  Androincdn? 

n  Arii'tis  

ji  Triiiiiffiili 

*'  (Vli 

«-  Ceti 

y  Cfli 

II  C'l'ti .. 

/J  I'frsi'i 

a  Persi'i 

f  Taiiri 

d  r.Tsri 

r;  Taiiri 

y  Kridaiii 

e  Taiiri 

a  Tuiiri 

4  Cnm<l(iparilalis  . 

a  (.'aint<lii|iardall»  ■ 

1  Aiiri(,M! 

(i  Caim^lopardalia  . 

e  Aiiri;,ui 

>l  Anriprn) 

«  Aiiri^io 

li  Orioina 

0  Tuiiri 

(I  Oriouis 


Iril,-). 


N  B- 


-32 


+ 


+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 
+1 


+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 


4;i 
i:i 
1-* 

01 
14 

2(i 
i:i 
:il 

01  I 

i:i  j 

40  I 

-1   I 

41  I 

'.':i  I 
:i7  i 


iiu' 


—  .no 
+1.11 

—  .10 
+  .47 

—  .4:! 

+  1.20 
+  1.(W 
+•-'.  OH 

—  .;!'J 
—1.117 

—  .20 

+  .H-i 

—  . :".) 
—2.  :!ii 
+  .00 

—2,  !*2 

—I]  r.'J 

+  .2.-, 
-1.7(1 
+2.02 

+  .9i; 

—    .(m 

—  .;)■< 

—  ..'■|7 
+  .40 


+ 


-1.14 

4;t 

+  .:« 
+  .5d 


+  .01 
—  .Kl 
+  .01! 

— l.:i:> 


+  .20 
—2. 12 

—  .70 

—  .12 

—  .01 

—1.14 

—  .M 

—  .01 

+  .  ;i.-. 
—1.1^ 


SlarN  iiaiiii!. 


1  Ijpporis 

c  Orioiiis 

(I  ('ri<)ni.s 

;j  AiiriKio 


!)  Gpiniiioriim  . . 

/I  (it'iniiioniin  . . 

J'  Geininoniiti .  . 

O.pll.M.  (."ll  11) 

f  Caiiis  Alajoris 

C  Gi'Milnoniiii  . 

(!  GiMiiiniinini  . 

ji  C'aiiis  Miiinris 

K  Gi'ininiinii])  . 

,i  GpiiiiiKiruiii  . 

ip  G(Miiinoriim  . 

ft  ArKUS 

ji  Caiic.ri 

o  IlrHfu  Majoris 

(!  Canori 

e  llydrin 

L  Ihsio  Majuris 

rr-  Ui'sa:  Majofis 

K  Caiicri 

"  l.,vrii'is 

n  llvdnp   

0  Ursru  Majoris 

n  L«>[ii,s 

e  I-cmiis 

I'  Ursic  Jlajiiri.s 


Louis 

Li'onis 

I'lsa^  Majiiiia 

Ll'Dllis 

l'rsa>  Jlajoris 


/)  Ll'Dllis 

ri:i  Leonis 

,i  Ursn>  Ma.imis 

a  y'vHX  .Majiiris 

i^r  Ursa'  Majoris 


S  Lronis... 

(!  Crateris  . 

r  Lpoiiis  . . . 

X  Diiiconis. 


1S4.'>. 


M 


—  .14 

+  .02 

—  .  0.) 


+ 
+ 


.02 
.40 


+  .72 

—  .  17 
+  .00 
+  .'^l 

—  .21 

+  .01 

—  .10 

—  .;u 

+  .00 
+  .o;i 


+  .7,1 

—  .  12 

—  .  12 

+  .1:! 

—  .li:! 
+  .47 

+  .o;i 
+  .;!;! 

—  .:«) 

+  .00 

—  .M 
+  .20 

—  .2S 

—  .  m; 
+  .20 
+  .02 

—  .  1.') 

+  .  10 

—  ,  r,o 

—  .  14 
+  .42 


^1'' 


+   .17 

—  .24 

—  .02 

—  .00 


+  .21 

—  1.  \-> 

— L.-.9 

—  .07 

+2.  00 

— L.'->4 

-2. 4H 

—  .7:1 
—1.  ,'^il 

—  .4:! 

-1.49 

—  .  (12 
+  .04 
+  .9.-. 
—1.08 

—2.  .'■.4 

—  .2-2 
+4.  40 
—2.  72 

—  .20 

—  .78 
+  .00 

—  .  00 
— 1..-.7 

—  .20 

—  .  l.'i 
— I.IH 
+  1.40 

-:!.  10 
— 1. 11 

— l.ll 
—2. 20 

-2.  Ki 

—  .  4.''. 

—  ..'Jl 

—2.  09 

+  .:iO 
— l.rtO 
+n.  -is 


n 


1 1 


i 


s» 


'4' 


II 


II 
hi 


498         UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.  [92] 

Table  V — Continned, 


V    I 


It! 


11  ii 


1: 


Star's  name. 


V  Leoiiis 

r  ITi-siD  Majoria. 

(3  Lroiiis 

^  VirginiB 

y  Vmei  Majoris. 

0  Vir(jini»  ..... 

d  l7r»ieMnjoriB. 

t)  Vir(;ini» 

li  Corvi 

K  DracoiiU 


H.A.C.4:M2 

llrsin  Mfljui'is 

I'niiiimVenaticorum. 

Virjjinis 

Vir);iuig 


C  llrero Majoris. 

(,     Virjjiiiis 

tl  llmeMajoria. 

ri    Kootis 

a  Draconis..... 


Bool  IB  , 
liootis . 
Buotia  , 
Bootia  . 
Boot  is  . 


\ 
0 
P 

r 

r>  ITrsie  Minoria 

f'  Bootia 

n'  Librie 

^  ViHiD  Miuoris  . 

;3  Bootia 


fi    Libric 

/i    Btmtia 

)'  UiwB  Minoria 

(     Dnicoiiia 

a    CoroniB  Borviilia . . . 


n  Serpentis 

e  StTiH'ntis 

C  I'iKte  Minoria  . 

i  Scorpii 

(3'  8cori)ii 

()  nraponia 

i  Opliiituhi 

T  llurrulia 

n  Scorpii 

II  Urnconia 


Ifi  Prnconia. 
a  lU'ri'ulla  . 
(  Iletviilla  . 
II  lierciilia  . 
It    Opiiiiiobi 


184S. 


AA 


—  .08 
+  .04 
+  .26 

—  .01 

+  .ao 

—  .40 

—  .14 

—  .39 

—  .34 

—  .C3 

+  .r.7 

+  .31 

—  .Otl 

—  .(W 

+  .11-. 

+  .00 

—  .33 
+  .10 

—  .21 
+  .'.'3 

—  .23 

—  .43 

—  .14 

+  .a-2 

+  l.ll!i 

+  .03 

—  .  0'.t 

+  .0.-. 

—  .07 

—  .02 

+  .04 

—  .30 

—  .10 

+  .la 

—  .02 

+  .03 

—  .'ii 

—  .13 
+  .01 
+1.03 

+  .03 

—  .34 

—  .30 

—  .0,') 
+  .10 


.01 
.17 
.03 
.09 
.01 


:iii' 


-fi.os 

—  .43 
—2. 44 

—1.00 


—3. 54 

—  .10 
— 1.-(! 

—  .00 

+9.60 


+3. 

+3. 


— 1, 

+  ■ 
o 

—I 
—  1 

+ 


—2. 02 
+  1.03 

—  .-0 
-1.14 
—1.41 

+3.  32 
+  .2.-J 
-1.87 
+1.0.-. 

—  .70 


— 1 


—1.85 

—  .39 
—2.74 

— r..  77 

+  .73 

+  .r,9 

—  .30 

— i.v:o 

—  .48 

+  .84 
+  .45 
+  .28 
—3. 00 

—  .39 


Star's  name. 


f  Horcnlis , 

r  IJi'sio  Minoria  , 

a'  lIi'iTiilia 

f,''  lliTculia  . 


iJraeonia. 


a  Opbiiicbi 
u  iJracouia. 
/I  llorcniia. 
^'  Dracouia . 
y    Uracouis 


Sagittnrii ... . 
IJi'MU  Minoria 

Si'rponlia 

IJriicoiiis 

i^y"« 


Lvrro 

L.viio 

Sa({ittarii. . 
Dracouia... 
AquiliD 


X  Aqnilia  . . 

C  Acpiilio  . . 

A  Diuciuiia. 

K  Cysiii  ... 

r  Dracouia . 


(I  AqiiiliD 

t'  C'yuiii 

1  AquiliB 

0  i;.V(jni 

y  Aiiuilio 

d 
n 

/3 
X 


Cysni  

A<|niln) 

Ac|iiil;o 

Ihsiiu  Minoria 
t-'yB'i' • 


n'  Tapricorni  . 

K  Ccphoi 

y  t'.vKMi 

0  Ccplici 

a  JJclpbint... 


a  C.VRni  . 

f  (',v;;iil  . 

ri  Ccplici. 

H  Ai|iiarii 

V  Cyjjui  - 


Ol'CvKiii 

C   <;.N«»i 

a    (Jcplici 

(i    .\qnarii 

(3    Ci'pbci 


1845. 


AJ 


+  .35 
+  .19 
+  .20 
—  .11 
+  .13 


+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 


.11 

.31 
.02 
.01 
.05 

.42 
.01 
.36 
.46 
.36 

.08 
.21 
.02 
.25 
.23 

.13 
.13 
.11 
.33 
.42 


.05 
.03 
—1.27 
—  .  45 
+  .00 


+  .20 
+  .04 

—  .14 
+  .26 

—  .21 

—  .30 
+  .36 
+  .42 

.10 
.61 


+ 

+ 


+  .03 
+  1.89 

—  .39 

—  .(W 
—2.  .-)7 

+  .01 

—  .  45 

—  .07 
+  .07 

—  .01 


•i/i' 


—2.31 

—  .03 

—  .34 
—1. 14 
+  .41 

—1.05 
+  1.76 

—  1.47 

+  .r.9 

+  .35 

+  .34 
+  .66 
—2. 02 

+  .08 
—1.63 

+  .91 
—2. 85 

—  .  05 

—  .84 
+  .35 

—  .73 

—  .47 
+  .81 
+  .00 
+  1.17 

+  .45 

—  .43 
—2.81 
+1.85 

—  .25 

—2. 61 

—  .10 

—  .74 
+1. 18 
+  .40 

+  .-.3 
+2. 50 
—1.97 
+  .74 
—1.70 

—  .R-t 
-2.41 
+  1.37 
—2.  Ml 
+1.41 

+  .10 

—  1.39 
+  1.08 

—  .34 
+1.  33 


193J  REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  499 

Table  V— Contiimod. 


Star's  uamo. 


ISlf). 


e  Pi'gasi  .. 

V  Ueplici.. 
IC  IVgasi .. 

a  Aquaiit. 

C  Cepliei.. 

0  Aquarii. 

y  Aquarii . 

d'  Ceplici.. 

a  Luccrlie 

ri  Aquurii . 


+  .04 

—  .  l:! 
+  .00 

—  .10 
+  .'.'I 

—  .  :ui 

—  .Ki 
+  .00 
4-  AM 

—  .(iO 


•i/'' 


—  .«■) 
+  l.i.'0 

—  .7-> 

—  .40 
—1.09 

—  I.T)!! 
+  .4i) 
+  1.77 

—  .4;t 

+•,'.•.'0 


Star's  II  iinio. 


)    Pocasi 

^    IVsasi 

1     Ccpliii 

X    Aquarii 

(I  Pi»eiti  AuHtralisi 

a    Pfgimi , 

o    Ci'plioi... 

(     Pisi'iiiiii 

y    ("I'plu'i , 

u    Pieuiuiii 


1845. 


A6 


J/i' 


—  .  4(> 

—  .  10 
4-  .07 

—  .:i7 

—  .(i(i 

+  .  ;i:t 

+  ..Ml 

—  .  .^4 
4-  .04 

—  .17 


+9. 01 
—  .01 
+  l.t!0 
—i.  07 
+1.75 

—1. 83 

+4.  (>:i 

+1.21 
+1.  Vi 
—1.04 


The  general  coiulition  in  the  selection  of  the  stars  of  Table  V.  is,  that  the  weight  of 
J  n'  as  determined  by  the  adopted  weights  (p.  72)  shall  be  at  least  .5.  In  two  or  three 
instances  it  fell  below  this  amount  by  trilling  quantities.  Column  ('„  "Details  of  Cor- 
rections to  Assumed  Declinations,"  contains  the  values  of  C,  corrected  for  the  proper 
quantities  taken  from  Tables  II.  niid  IV.  From  these  J  S  and  4  n'  arc  computed. 
With  the  help  of  J  5  and  J  //,  the  correction  to  the  assumed  declination  was  computed 
for  every  epoch  required.    Denoting  the.se  corrections  by  J  S',  we  have: 

r  =  J  .5'  —  C. 

These  are  the  corrections*  to  various  catalogues  ^iven  by  the  standard  declina- 
tions of  Table  V;  and  from  these,  arranged  by  catalogues  and  successively  in  the 
order  of  declination  and  right  ascension,  the  delinitive  systi'uiatic  corrections  are 
derived  for  all  catalogues ;  a  few  excepted  which  were  of  small  weight,  or  which  con- 
tained few  observations  of  standard  stars. 

Determination  of  Definitive  Systematic  Corrections  and  teeights. 

For  convenience  the  residuals  were  combined  in  groups  embracing  generally  not 
more  than  fP,  when  discussed  in  order  of  declination,  and  two  iiours  in  order  of  right 
ascension.  To  effect  these  combinations,  weights  arc  assigned  in  each  particular  case, 
which  are  based  either  ci  f  "viial  investigations  made  in  tills  paper,  or  elsewhere;  or 
uiHin  an  empirical  la,--  >'  -.i  id  fron*  ;:  consideration  of  the  circumstances  surrounding 
the  observations,  or  their  reduction     The  usual  form  of  this  law  has  been  : 

e=,  +  L 
n 

Where  E  is  the  probable  error  of  a  single  observation,  or  of  the  unit  of  weight,  au<l 
the  other  quantities  have  the  same  signilieation  as  in  the  discussion  of  Washington 


'  For  tbo  values  of  r  coiiBult  "  Details  of  Corrections,"  etc. 


1  !'i 


Ji 


i 


m 


.!  U; 


500 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[94] 


dccliuationa  (p.  40).    For  the  ratio -,  an  integer  was  always  used,  since  it  must  nee- 

essarily  bo  a  mere  approximation.  Tlio  weights  attaclied  to  means  of  gronps  wero 
niado  use  of  in  tlio  gnipliic  i)roces8,  by  nuniis  ol  wliicli  the  corrections  in  order  of 
declination  are  invariably  deduced.  The  choice  of  scale  in  ])lottiiig  the  residuals, 
depends  upon  the  accuracy  of  the  catalogue  i>laces  under  consideration,  and  was 
always  such,  that  the  relative  weights  could  be  clearly  represented  by  circles  drawn 
about  the  points  to  which  they  respectively  belong. 

It  was  my  original  intention  to  investigate  nearly  all  the  corrections  by  the  use  of 
periodic  formula) ;  but  the  time  at  my  disposal  proved  too  limited  lor  the  purpose,  and 
it  may  be  doubted  whether  such  a  course  is  really  desirable  lor  the  corrections  which 
depend  upon  the  order  ot' declination. 

Extreme  accuracy  is  not  to  bo  expected  in  the  corrections  derived  from  graphic 
process.  The  temptation  to  make  abru|)t  changes  in  direction  of  the  curve,  iu  order 
to  represent  what  may  bo  mere  accidental  accumulation  of  errors,  has  been  steadily 
resisted.  On  the  other  hand,  where  even  a  slight  peculiarity  is  found  to  be  persistent 
for  a  number  of  catalogues  under  the  same  circumstances  [i.  c,  at  the  same  ob.serva- 
tory  or  with  the  same  instrument),  it  has  been  respected.  Such  peculiarities  have  been 
noticed  in  tho  later  Greenwich  and  liadclllfe  catalogues,  and  in  others.  Theoretical 
considerations  have  sometimes  received  weight  in  deciding  tho  general  direction  of 
curves,  especially  where  refraction  exerts  an  imi)ortant  inlluence. 

Corrections  depending  on  right  ascension  have  generally  been  viewed  with  suspi- 
cion. In  many  cases,  however,  they  arc  iniporlaiit  and  clearly  indicated,  and  in  others 
they  might  have  been  safely  expected.  \Vhere  tho  correction  appears  to  follow 
approximately  the  same  law  iu  succcssivi^  catalogues  of  the  ^amo  series  we  may  adopt 
it  without  hesitation.  The  s^eparation  of  the  lesiduals  into  two  or  more  zones  hiis 
always  been  made  before  accepting  a  correction  as  definitive. 

The  adopted  form, — 

xhm  a  -f  y  cos  a, 

has  some  support  in  theory,  and  is  hero  invariably  adopted  in  corrections  of  this  class. 

Corrections  to  Declinations  from— S0°  to  —90°. 

Tlio  continuation  of  tho  curves  of  correction  from  —  'M°  to  —  00°  offers  only  a 
rough  api)roximation. 

The  corrections  to  C.  G.  II.  31,  S.  II.  .il,  ('.  G.  II.  3;!,  8o  51,  So  05,  C.  G.  II.  58,  Mo  02, 
and  Me  08,  were  11  rst  approximately  determined  between  the  limits  —  10°  and— ."0°. 
These  approximations  are  almost  identically  those  of  the  linal  table,  and  are  formed 
on  the  same  basis — the  oidy  ditl'erence  being  that  tlie  general  direction  of  the  curve 
of  correction  was  better  ascertained  alter  its  api)roxIr...i;e  character  was  known  for 
tho  southern  limit.  A  value  of  the  correction  being  assumed  for  declination —30°, 
the  remaining  values  were  directly  interpolated  from  this  point,  so  as  to  have  tho  value 
zero  at  declination  —  91)3.  These  preliminary  values  are  in  some  cases  quite  different 
from  those  of  the  definitive  table  (IX.).  The  following  table  contains  these  prelimi- 
nary corrections  as  actually  used.  Under  the  designation  of  each  authority,  is  also 
given  tho  weight  assigned  to  it  in  the  discussion  of  J  S  and  A  n'.  Wlien  the  number 
"  observations  is  three  or  four,  tho  weight  is  one-half  that  which  otherwise  wonld 


[95J 


KEPOUT  OF  TflK  CnilJF  ASTRONO.MEll,  APPENDIX  II. 


501 


Lave  been  assigned;  wLeu  it  is  two,  tlie  woigLt  is  tliree-tentlis,  aud  one  observiitioii  is 
always  rejeoted. 

Taklk  VI. 


<! 

C.G.II..11. 

.S.II.:il. 

c.G.ii.n;!. 

So  .^.1 

Si)  f)i) 

C.(J.II..S«. 

Me(W. 

MuU8. 

o 

—  ;«) 

00 

+  .r,n" 

+  .'.10 

+    .H) 

—  .r.o 

(lO 

-i    ..-7 

—  ,r>7 

—  40 

00 

+  .  iJ 

+  .7.-. 

+  .(i7 

—  .1-,' 

00 

+  .7:t 

—  .  IH 

—  .'^lO 

00 

+  .:!l 

+  .00 

+  ..-.;( 

—  .:il 

00 

+  .M 

—  .;!H 

—  (U) 

00 

+  .-J.-. 

+  .  ir. 

+  ..io 

—  .-J,'. 

00 

+  .11 

—  .'JO 

—  -0 

00 

+  .17 

+  .:io 

+  .-^0 

-  .17 

00 

+  .ii'J 

—  .10 

—  80 

00 

+  .OS 

+  .  ir. 

+  .1:! 

—  .0-1 

00 

+  .  1.'. 

—  .10 

—  ao 

00 

+    00 

(JO 

UO 

00 

00 

00 

00 

Weight.. 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

4 

2 

3 

•  The  corrections  S.  II.  31  nre  apiilieablo  directly  to  ciitalogno  plnees. 

For  couvenience,  tiao  epoch  of  J  J  is  taken  for  these  few  stars  at  1850.  Tlio  values 
of  J  5  and  J  /i'  thus  determined,  are  shown  in  Table  VII.,  which  contains  only  stars 
whose  declinations  are  given  both  in  S.  11.31  and  C.G.  11.33. 

TA15LE  VII. 
First  approximation  to  J<5  and  J,u'  for  stars  hetircen  —  30°  and — 90°. 


Star's  name. 


i(!  iK')n. 


(i  Ilydri  —  .t)i 

y  I'iKiMiicis -f 

(I  Ki'iduni -\- 

«'  KriiliUii 

n  Coliiniluu , 

/J  Ci)Iiiiiiba) 

n  Ar(;us 

f  Ar^iia 

A  Artjiis , 

I  Argus 

i;  Argus 

/)  Ohiimeleoutis 

n'  Criicis 

ii  C'eiilauri i    -\- 

a'  Ceutauri j    -|- 

a  Triimg.  Autilrulis +  .7-J 

t/  Seorpii —  .  I'J 

a  OitiiiUis [4-  .  11] 

II  I'livouis 4-  .  10 

0  Uruis —  .  ;I7 


+ 


.  i:i 
.:'.l 
.07 
.  I'.! 

.  o,-> 
.  :!-• 

.(H 

.-.il 
.  l.'i 
I.  i:! 
.r.l 


"Jii! 


17. 

7. 
If,. 
10. 
1.'.. 
II. 
17. 

ill! 
i-i. 
Hi. 

10. 

1-'. 

10. 

i:i. 

11. 

9. 


S/i' 


11. 
IJ. 


+ 


+1. 


—  1. 

+  . 
t-  . 

't 

+2. 


t' 

"V 

r,7 

.32 

71 

.H 

i:! 

.3> 

m 

.•2i 

.:w 

H,-) 

.  y.") 

I)-.' 

.3-.i 

70 

.'-'1 

l:! 

o-j 

30 

.  ii.'> 

43 

.26 

01 

.27 

00 

.  -".» 

•J7 

.  '*2 

'.'-< 

.  yj 

M 

.y? 

y:) 

.'JO 

'in 
yo 

'".'•Jti" 

00 

.26 

it 


[•HI 


I  estimate  the  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight  to  be  ±  .1.  This  would  give 
for  average  probable  error  of  J  i5  ±  .1,  and  for  J  /i'  i  .S. 

In  di.scussing  the  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight  for  e.uch  catalogue,  tho  stare 
from  —  3(P  to  —  90°  were  not  used  in  any  case. 


502 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[96J 


Discusiiion  of  Indieidual  Catalogues. 

The  («xainiiiiition  of  tho  syHteinaticcui'icctioiisnnd  iirobiiblo  errors  of  each  cntaloguo 
will  now  bo  iirosented.  A  brief  explanation  will  probably  sulUco  to  mnko  tlie  process 
easily  understood.     Tlio  relative  weights  of  tho  individual  values  of  r  for  a  given 

catalogue,  were  first  assigned,  usually,  by  deciding  upon  a  value  for—.     The  following 
table  is  constructed  with  tho  arguments,  number  of  observations,  and  -,  where  c  is  that 


part  of  tho  probiiblo  error,  which  is  supposed  to  diminish  in  proportion  to 


1 


V» 


,.» 


being  number  of  observations,  and  e,  tho  minimum  probable  error,  or  probable  error 
when  »  is  a  masimuni. 

Table  VIII. 


;        I  i        : 


f  =a 

'-  =  3 

'.^i 

', 

r, 

', 

n 

n' 

n 

it' 

» 

e 

1 

1 

1 

1      i 

1 

1 

2  and  3 

2 

2 

3      1 

2 

2 

4 

2.5 

3 

2.5  ! 

3  ami  4 

3 

5  to  9 

3 

4 

3 

5 

4 

10  to  35 

4 

5  to  7 

4 

C  and  7 

5 

30,  or  more. 

5 

8  to  It 

5 

8  and  9 

6 

I'J  to  10 

0    ! 

to  to  12 

7 

17  to  'J7 

.r 

13  to  16 

8 

28  to  51 

ri      ' 

17  to  20 

9 

W2,  or  nioro. 

9 

i 

1 

21  to  25 
20  to  33 
34  to  44 
45  to  02 
03  to  92 
93,  or  ii:oro. 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

With  tho  chosen  weights,  tho  values  of  r  were  combined  in  order  of  declination 
into  convenient  groups,  ro,  embracing  generally  not  more  than  5°  of  declination.  From 
these  the  curve  is  carefully  drawn.    Tho  values  in  column  Co  aro  taken  from  this  curve. 

Tho  outstanding  residuals  r'  (formed  by  subtracting  from  the  individual  values  of 
r  the  correction  from  tho  curve)  are  then  arranged  in  order  of  right  ascension  and  in 
groups,  embracing  each  about  two  hours.  Jlean  a  is  usually  given  to  nearest  hour, 
unless  tho  fractional  difference  is  more  than  two  or  three  tenths.  In  discussion,  the 
nearest  degree  of  a  was  taken.  In  order  to  fiicilitato  esaniiiiation,  the  corrections  in 
order  of  a  have  been  in  all  cases  arranged  in  two  or  more  xoncs  of  declination,  but 
where  such  an  arrangement  is  of  no  particular  interest  it  is  hero  omitted. 

In  a  few  cases  the  correction  in  order  of  declination  has  been  rediscnsscd  after 
subtracting  from  r  the  respective  values  of  x  siu  a  +  y  cos  a,  but  this  Las  not  usually 
been  considered  necessary. 

Ftillowing  tho  discussion  of  correction  of  each  catalogue  is  a  statement  of  the 
probable  error,  derived  from  the  outstanding  residuals  alter  subtracting  the  proper 


.:!B1E3-3^«SJ^' 


[97] 


REPORT  OF  TOE  CniEF  ASTKONOMER,  APPENDIX  D. 


503 


systematic  correction  from  the  scpiirate  values  of  r.  The  result  of  no  star  was  taken, 
which  at  the  given  observatory  culminates  at  a  zenith  distance  greater  than  70°. 
These  probable  errors  arc  somewhat  too  small  Tor  the  catalogues  used  in  forming  Table 
Y.,  and  slightly  too  large  for  all  others.  Tlic  former  diOiculty  is  remedied  in  a  few 
instances  by  the  adoption  of  probable  errors  f  )unded  on  special  tliscussions.  Kg  21, 
Dt  24,  Pa  45,  Wu  08,  and  Wn  72,  are  examples  of  this  kind.  These  probable  errors 
are,  of  course,  not  the  absolute  probablo  errors ;  they  express  simply  liability  to  fortu- 
itous errors,  after  systematic  corrections  have  been  applied.  They  are  required  for 
the  purpose  of  constructing  a  table  of  relative  weights  to  be  used  in  the  discussion  of 
definitive  ])lace8. 

In  deriving  the  probable  error  (IJ)  of  a  single  observation,  a  quantity  m  was  always 
subtracted  from  the  number  of  residuals  before  dividing  the  sum  of  squares  multiplied 
by  weights — that  is,  the  probable  error  of  the  unit  is  derived  on  the  estimate  that  an 
equal  degree  of  accordance  could  have  been  secured  with  a  formula  of  correction  con- 
taining m  terms. 

Po  1800. 


Each  declination  is  supposed  to  bo  entitled  to  the  same  weight, 
embrace  each  about  2o  of  8. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declinati'jn. 


The  groups 


Mean  <^ 

n' 

To 

To 

M«iiii  ■> 

t' 

I'O 

r„ 

o 

II 

■/ 

L' 

// 

II 

+  8().7 

r> 

—  .yrt 

.00 

+  y;i.9 

4 

-  1.70 

—  1.22 

+  7(>.;i 

c 

+  .90 

.00 

4-  22. 1 

f'l 

-     .88 

—  1.27 

-f  7-J.O 

t, 

-  .71 

.00 

-f-   19.  (i 

(■> 

—    .94 

—  1.41 

-f  est.  5 

4 

-  ..^.4 

.00 

+  1-..:) 

H 

—  2.02 

-  1.83 

+  (i7.2 

4 

+  .-i6 

.00 

1     +  IXf) 

.5 

—  2.  17 

—  1.8.^> 

+  (....:i 

a 

+  .15 

.00 

■     -f  10.1! 

u 

—  1.79 

—  l.C.l 

4-  (!■-'.  0 

7 

+  .;iu 

.00 

,    +■  8.4 

8 

—  l.Xi 

—  i.no 

+  r.<).7 

8 

-  .11 

.00 

+     (i.»i 

r> 

—     .20 

—  1.20 

+  .^7.:i 

H 

—  .ai 

-  .0.-) 

!   +   :'.« 

7 

—     .71 

—  1.13 

-i-  f>ri.:t 

:! 

+  .12 

—  .0.-1 

1   -   o..--. 

7 

—  2. 04 

—  1.59 

-f  r..'.-t 

7 

+  .  li) 

—  .  ir. 

'   —   ;i.  (i 

f) 

—  2.  72 

—  2.  04 

+  4'X  1 

4 

—  .(!0 

—      *J*J 

1     —     7.2 

:i 

—  2.20 

-  2.24 

-f  41).  8 

5 

-.:to 

—  '.w 

—     9.1 

1 

-  i.7t; 

—  2. 22 

+  41..-) 

t; 

—  .8-J 

—  ..M 

-  14.  1 

4 

—  2.  40 

-  1.79 

+  41.7 

.^ 

—  .24 

—  .90 

—  \<<.l 

;i 

-     .80 

—  1.25 

+  wx-. 

7 

-1.19 

—  1.04 

—  22.  4 

4 

-   1.12 

—  1.05 

+  :i7.7 

:i 

— :t.  :!;i 

-1.19 

1     -    27. 1 

:i 

-  l.O-t 

—  1.00 

+  ;ii.o 

(> 

-2. 0.-) 

—1.44 

—  :!().  0 

1 

-   1.40 

—  1.00 

+  ;ii.4 

;! 

—1. 19 

—1. 4:) 

-:r..o 

*> 

+     .08 

—  1.00 

+  '-'■<.  4 

li 

—  ,  *7 

— 1.;!0 

!     -  42.  1 

fp 

—  2.21 

—  1.00 

4-  •■.'(>.  0 

4 

— l.;!:l 

—1.21! 

III  drawiiif;  the  curve  niiieh  a-ssistanee  was  derived  from  the  comparison  of  Ao  29 
and  Po  1800,  made  by  Argelaiider  (.Vbo  Catalogae,  p.  xi).  If  we  denote  by  ii  the  cor- 
rection to  Gil  1755,  and  by  jS'  the  deliiiitive  collection  to  Ao  29  (Table  IX.),  we  shall  have 


29 
74 


"9 
(,9_,5')  +  ,5'  for  stars  south  of  51^.5  declination,  and  ^  (i^  — z^')  -f  fi'  for  the  remain- 
tier,  as  the  correction  to   be  applied  to  the  comparison.    The  drawing  of  tho  curve 
proved  to  be  extremely  diQicult,  but  its  values  are   adopted  in  the  discussion  of  all 
stars  except  tho  few  reserved  for  treatment  with  catalogues  of  Class  III. 
The  separate  outstanding  residuals,  grou[)ed  in  the  order  of  a,  give: — 


M 


I 


.■  f 

;    I 

■J    I 

i 


'm 


I 


!! 


504 


UNITED  STATES  NORTQERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[98] 


licsiduata  in  order  of  right  aaccmion. 

Ui'i'linuliciii  liiiillH. 

Dt'C'linntion  liiiiitH. 

Di'clinatloii  1 

niitx. 

—  -M- 

V>  +  10^ 

—  ;!0^  to  4-  ti'J 

-  UOJ  tu  + 

OOiJ 

Mono  0 

—' 

lo' 

-■                     lo' 

:r'               rj 

<■«' 

A. 

" 

1 

// 

II 

1 

a 

+  .IS 

y 

+  .90 

8;i 

+  .n5 

-  .04 

3 

7 

+  ..M 

:i 

+  .17 

10 

+  .42 

+  .25 

:, 

10 

+  .(i:l 

1 

+  .90 

Hi 

+  .10 

+  .41) 

7 

\i 

+  .  11 

•2 

—  .W) 

i:i 

+  .20 

+  .no 

i) 

'.» 

+  .117 

1 

+  1.00 

14 

+  .71 

+  .no 

11 

10 

—  .11 

1 

—  .  <o 

10 

-  .10 

+  .31 

l:i 

7 

+  .70 

5 

+  .7J 

1-J 

+  .42 

+  .04 

15 

li 

+  .-10 

r> 

+  .no 

20 

+  .  r.2 

—  .2.-I 

17 

10 

—  .01 

'i 

—  .,-0 

10 

—  .89 

—  .40 

19 

i:i 

—  .00 

5 

—  .h-i 

•^1 

—  .B9 

—  .50 

•Jl 

11 

—  .01 

4 

—  .00 

21 

—  .  ;i9 

-  ..'■.0 

y:» 

10 

—  .  o;i 

r. 

—  .74 

l(i 

—  .47 

—  .31 

The  viilue.s  of  >•„'  taken  between  the  limits  —  3(1°  and  +  00°  of  ikcliiiation  give 
tbe  following  correction: — 

-  "M  +  (".53  ±  ".085)  siu  a  -  (".IS  ±  ".085)  coa  a. 

The  fominl.'i  reduces  the  sums  of  squares  from  351"  to  312".    With  hi  =  10, 

i;  =  i  ".85. 

To  derive  the  final  curve  (order  of  (5)  for  use  with  stars  of  Section  X.,  the  resid- 
uals resulting  Ironi  the  delinitive  places  of  380  stars  were  first  diminished  by  the  value 
of  the  pel  iodic  term  +  ".53  sin  a  —  ".18  cos  a.  The  result  of  no  star  is  accepted  where 
the  probable  error  of  J/i'  is  cstima'ed  to  bo  greater  than  ".8,  and  where  the  same  is 
between  ".0  and  "A  the  corresponding  residual  is  given  half  weight. 

Never  more  than  5^,  and  generally  not  more  than  4°,  of  declination  were  included 
in  a  single  group.    The  results  follow : — 

Jivsidiialu  ill  order  of  deeUnation. 


Mean  i5 

TT- 

Co        i 

Mi'aii  (t 

n' 

>o" 

Co 

o 

„ 

i 

o 

// 

// 

+  8;-. 

7* 

-.15 

+  .13    1 

+  21 

85 

—  1.22 

—  I..n7 

+  78 

0 

+  .-1 

+  .30 

+  10 

10 

—  2.  03 

—  1.02 

+  73 

12 

+  .30 

+  .47 

+  11 

14 

—  1.M4 

—  1.40 

+  liO 

10 

+  .44 

+  .52 

+     0 

20 

—     .W) 

-  1.30 

+  (14 

12 

+  .K-. 

+  .51 

+     1 

12 

—  1.43 

—  1.51 

+  no 

20 

+  .31 

+  .45 

—     5 

i) 

—  2.  17 

—  1.H0 

+  51 

1.-. 

+  .35 

+     30 

—    0 

11 

—  2.  05 

—  1.04 

+  40 

23 

+  .17 

+  .1-2 

—  14 

5 

—  2. 18 

—  1.85 

+  44 

10 

—  .•-';) 

-  .10 

—  19 

5 

—    .70 

—  1..50 

+  30 

30 

—  1.21 

—  .<) 

—  23 

5 

—  1.70 

—  1.30 

+  34 

10 

—  I.4i 

-1.04 

—  28 

0 

—     .78 

—  l.ll 

+  30 

20 

—  .72 

-1.10 

—  35 

•i 

—     .70 

—  1.21 

+  20 

22 

—1.30 

—1.41 

—  42 

u 

—  2.  08 

—  1.5 

*  Fularis  is  givuu  weigbt  2. 


rooj 


REPORT  OP  TOE  CUIEP  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  505 


Of  the  380  Htara  omidojeil,  50  received  weigbt  ..'5.  The  carve  is  still  very  uncertuin. 
From  Oo  to  40o  tlecliuatioii  it  is  particularly  uiisatiisfactory.  Uj  making  abrupt  changes 
in  the  direction  of  the  curve  at  +  3jo,  +  30°,  +  10°,  and  +  5°,  the  observations  would 
bo  much  better  rei)resented.  I  did  not,  however,  feel  justifled  in  taking  this  course. 
The  plus  residuals  from  40°  to  90°  average  much  larger  than  iu  the  former  discussion. 
This  appears  to  bo  almost  solely  duo  to  acLideiital  causes.  Uad  rj'  been  constructed 
without  correction  for  terras  in  «,  the  plus  residuals  would  have  been  reduced  less  than 
one-tenth  of  a  second.  The  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  weight,  using  only  the  3:^9 
residuals  with  weight  1,  north  of  -  30o,  is  i  ".78,  and  considerably  smaller  than  before. 
For  stars  from  +  40°  to  +  90^  it  is  ±  ".88,  +  30°  to  +  40°  ±  1".02,  and  from  —  30o  to 
+  30^  ±  ".GC.    I  did  not  think  It  worth  while  to  repeat  the  investigation  of  terms  in  a. 

Bh  1810. 

From  ro  a  preliminary  correction  was  derived  and  used  before  discussing  terms  iu 
a.  Column  rj<  is  formed,  taking  into  account  the  effect  of  these  terms.  Co  contains 
values  derived  from  the  definitive  curve. 

Ecsiduats  in  order  of  declination. 


Moan  i 

„/ 

>\> 

>-a" 

c 

0 

80.5 

21 

+  .;r, 

11 
+  .07 

+  .10 

£ 

7(i.  a 

ai 

+  .1)0 

+  .  :!S 

+  .:iO 

7  =  2 

70.8 

:t3 

+  .r,7 

+  .:;a 

+  .:!t 

CO.  .■> 

2J 

-  .o-f 

+  .--'5 

+  .I'J 

00.8 

M 

+  .10 

.(10 

+  .111 

50.7 

50 

-  .01 

—  .IIS 

—  An 

50.  a 

05 

+  .25 

+  .IS 

+  .10 

45.  C 

65 

+  .on 

+  .OS 

+  .  10 

iO.'i 

57 

+  .06 

—  .01 

.00 

The  residuals  are  arranged  in  order  of  a  without  separation  into  zones  of  S.  As 
has  been  stated,  they  result  from  the  use  of  a  preliminary  correction  derived  from 
column  ro. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Mean  0 

::' 

>o 

ft. 

It 

O.'JO 

4r) 

—  .10 

3. 23 

lis 

—  .00 

5. 0'J 

34 

-  .13 

9.  :i4 

30 

-1.20 

11.78 

4S 

—  .30 

14.48 

4!) 

—  .10 

10.7fl 

r>2 

+  .10 

10.  (ill 

73 

+  .73 

22. 30 

37 

+  .57 

The  discussion  gives,  iu  fair  accordance  with  those  of  Argelander  and  Auwers,  this 
correctioQ : 

-".080  i  ".054  -  (".534  ±  ".077)  sin  a  +  (".404  ±  ".073)  cos  a. 


!l 


4 


?!' 


r-i- 


606  UNITED  STATES  NORTnEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.  [lOOj 

With  m  SB  7,  wo  have: — 

JJ=±  l".03.» 

Kg  21. 

VVittaiu  the  groaps  the  vnriutioii  in  prcclaion  in  fliniill.    Each  r  ia  therefore  given 
weight  1. 

liesiduah  in  order  of  declination. 


Menu  it 

n' 

ro 

Co 

II 

II 

11 

+  fi7.0 

—  .i:i 

+  .01 

+  7(i,  (1 

—  .00 

+  .OH 

+  70.8 

+  .;i7 

+  .12 

+  (10.  a 

+  .on 

+  .l« 

+  M.  :i 

+  .:i'J 

+  .17 

+  f.l.  I 

—  .(i;i 

+  .14 

+  41.7 

—  .0? 

+  .09 

+  40.0 

+  .12 

+  .00 

+  aai 

+  .21) 

+  .0(1 

+  si.;i 

—  .OH 

+  .10 

+  u.r. 

+  .07 

+  .i:i 

+  ti.a 

+  .10 

+  .17 

+    4.0 

+  .:Hi 

+  .20 

—  1.1 

+  .44 

+  .27 

—  y.i 

+  .29 

+  .41 

-  ll.S 

+  .:m 

+  ..'.:t 

—  27.0 

•i 

+1.25 

+  .B4 

With  catnlogae  probable  errors  as  au  argument,  and  with  the  probable  error  of 
unit  of  weight  ±  .30,  taking  m  =  4,  we  have  from  tlie  outstanding  residuals  E=  ±  .30. 
The  probable  errors  given  in  the  catalogue  are  therefor  '  ado|)ted  in  the  construction  of 
definitive  weights. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Declinntinn  limits. 
~30oto+00o 

Di^cliniition  limits. 
—  30^  to+90o 

Mean  a 

it'     j        ro 

Mean  a 

V 

I-,/ 

1 
3 
5 
7 
9 
U 

6 

a 

7 
1 
2 
5 

+  .15 

—  .13 

—  .21 
+  .10 

—  .05 
+  .26 

13 
15 
17 
19 
21 
83 

3 
8 
8 
8 
8 
4 

// 
^  .0) 

—  .23 

—  .Ort 

—  •  (V 
+  ■  it 
+  .08 

'  In  forming  an  opinion  as  to  the  precision  of  (bo  declination  ilctermications  of  various  catalogaes 

it  is,  of  conrse,  necesnary  to  consider  tlio  valno  of  E  in  connection  with  tbo  ratio  -.    In  many  cases  the 

Tala<i  of  £  docs  not  refer  at  all  to  the  prnliablo  error  of  a  sinRlo  observation  ;  and  wbcn  it  can  bv  so  con- 
strued, it  is  often  and  necessarily  a  rou(;h  approsimaticin.  Tbo  most  tbnt  can  be  said  is  tbut  the  adopted 
law  of  probab'io  errors  for  a  f;iven  catalo);nt)  is  culciilutcd  to  give  trith  tolerable  fidelity  the  probable 
errors  due  to  tbe  numbers  of  observation  most  frequently  occorring  witb  tbo  stars  of  Table  V. 


[101]  REPORT  OP  THE  OniEP  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  n. 

Oh  23. 


507 


The  use  of  tho  cciTcction  zero  adopted  in  Section  Vf.  ia  continncd,  since  nofnrlhcr 
material  ia  avnilitblo.    Tlio  correction  —  ".11  nctnally  resultn. 

ReHtduala  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Mi-an  a 

ir' 

Mitan  n 

n' 

ro' 

// 

1 

3 

-  .08 

U 

1 

-  .10 

3 

1 

-  .70 

15 

4 

+  .10 

r. 

4 

+  .08 

17 

3 

-  .12 

7 

1 

.00 

10 

3 

+  .08 

0 

2 

—  .05 

81 

3 

-  .22 

11 

1 

—  .20 

23 

a 

—  .36 

Dt  24. 

Thf>  weights  correspond  to  tbe  probable  errors  of  the  catalogue,  and  the  unit  of 
weight,  to  a  probable  error  of  i:  ".'25. 

J.jsiduaU  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  i1 

Tz' 

lo 

Co 

o 

// 

// 

+  80.5 

10 

-  .07 

-  .04 

-  -  70. 3 

11 

—  .04 

-  .10 

--  7i.l 

13 

-  .27 

—  .20 

--  C6.1 

11 

—  .ly 

—  .23 

--  Ot.4 

10 

—  .112 

-  .25 

-  r.6.4 

10 

—  .20 

—  .27 

--  50.4 

18 

—  .25 

—  .25 

-  45.  a 

12 

—  .23 

—  .22 

+  40.0 

13 

—  .23 

-  .13 

--  32.1 

3 

—  .T4 

—  .14 

-  28.1 

8 

-  .09 

—  .13 

+  21.3 

4 

+  .14 

—  .14 

+  14.0 

14 

-  .19 

—  .22 

+    8.2 

8 

—  .48 

—  .32 

+    4.0 

G 

—  .(iO 

—  .40 

-    1.1 

2 

—  .  :.o 

—  .51 

—    9.1 

0 

—  .49 

—  .70 

—  14. 0 

1 

—  .ro 

—  .P2 

—  20.1 

a 

—1.32 

Ezclading  a  and  3  Ursaj  Miuoria,  and  with  m  =  4,  wo  have: — 

E=±  ".20.  . 

The  catalogue  probable  errors  are  adopted. 


m 

If 
'I 

U 


,•1 


I'  i 


ii 


508  JNITED  STATES  NOETDEEN  BOONDAEY  COMMISSION. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  asccimon. 


(1021 


Uoclinntioii  limits. 
—  ■M'^  to  +  \MP 

Dcclitmtiui.  liinita. 
—  :toa  to  +  OOO 

Mean  a 

77'                         Co' 

Moau  u        n-' 

lo' 

1 
:! 

'J 
11 

in 

17 

11 
I'J 

—  .00 
+  .00 

—  .10 

+  .:>o 
+  .11 

—  .02 

13 

ir. 

17 
10 
21 
23 

Iti 
SI 
lU 
18 
Id 
11 

+  .OJ 

—  .02 

—  .or 

+  .12 

Va  29. 
Eaoli  r  receives  weight  1. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Moan  (^ 

-' 

»o 

<\. 

o 

,, 

„ 

+  TI.8 

1 

+  .no 

+  .40 

+  OlMt 

1 

+    .SI 

+  .40 

+  OJ.'J 

») 

—  .31) 

+  .40 

+  :.,-..  1 

4) 

+  ..-^0 

+  .:!o 

+  TiO. ,! 

•.\ 

+  .01 

+  .31 

+  45.0 

o 

—  .03 

+  .v!4 

+  3S.7 

I 

+  .-1 

+  .14 

+  --'H.  1 

1 

—  .  10 

—  .  08 

+  •Ji.;i 

•  ) 

—  .31 

—  .  10 

+   11.3 

t 

+   A'o 

—  .15 

+   e.'i 

4 

—  .14 

—  .13 

+     4.S 

i* 

—  .08 

-  .10 

—     I.l 

1 

-  .  ,-.3 

-  .Oli 

—    0.1 

3 

—  .13 

—  .01 

No  attempt  is  made  to  discuss  terms  in  a.    With  m  =  4,  wo  have: 

17  =  ±  ",47. 


fl03] 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


509 


Ao  29. 
IfesiduaJs  in  order  of  declination. 


>fl"IIIl  (t 

./ 

I'll 

Co 

0 

// 

II 

+  88.9 

7 

+  .20 

00 

t 

+  71..  fi 

:i;J 

+  .1)0 

00 

ir^ 

+  71.0 

:u 

-  .01 

00 

+  G!i.  :t 

;!:» 

+  .02 

00 

+  fil.3 

CO 

—  .0.-1 

00 

+  r>c...') 

r.8 

—  .02 

00 

+  r.n.G 

74 

+  .Oil 

—  .«ri 

+  4:..ti 

it 

—  .i:i 

—  .07 

+  :ii>.:i 

m 

—  .15 

-  .14 

+  :ti.o 

Ui 

—  .21 

-  .17 

+  27.4 

47 

—  .20 

-  .24 

4-  20.  !t 

4:1 

-  .;!0 

—  .28 

+  11.4 

(H 

—  .;!;? 

—  .  w-i 

+    K4 

41 

-   .:i2 

-  .:!8 

+    4.(1 

:.;i 

-  .47 

—  .44 

—     1..". 

2.'. 

—  .07 

—  .51 

—    !>.  1 

27 

—  .,^8 

—  .(!(•) 

—  14.0 

21 

—  .83 

—  .70 

—  18.  S 

ii 

—  .  wa 

—  .70 

—  2(i.  1 

0 

-.70 

Willi  «i  =4,  we  Imvo: — 


/•:  =   I-  "AC<. 
Renldiuih  in  order  of  right  ascenxlon. 


Docliimtiim  limits. 

—  -.Ul"  to  +  iUV 

noolin.ition  limits. 
_  ;!i)^'  III  +  '.HP 

Moiui  (J         -' 

r„ 

Mean  n 

h. 
I:! 

15 
1. 
10 
21 

2;^ 

-'                 lo' 

h. 
;! 

7 

0 

11 

nn 

"2 

'.) 

71 

70 

-  .  Ki 

-  0.-. 

-  .  02 
.00 

+  .;ti 

.00 

40 

00 
hO 
88 
0' 
fjti 

+   .118 
+  .02 
+  .Oti 

—  .10 
+  .07 

—  .05 

y 


'?  ii 


'A 


I' 


510  UNITED  STAIES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Gh  30. 
Each  r  is  given  equal  weigbt. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


[104] 


Meau  3 

ff' 

To 

Co 

o 

// 

// 

+  m.3 

0 

+  .55 

+  .11 

+  70.7 

5 

—  .18 

+  .15 

+  70.8 

9 

+  .22 

+  .13 

-t-  00.  M 

4 

—  .17 

+  .09 

+  00.8 

15 

-  .o.-> 

+  .03 

+  57.5 

10 

—  .18 

—  .06 

+  50.9 

14 

+  .03 

—  .28 

+  45.7 

12 

—  .47 

—  .50 

+  30.9 

10 

—1.00 

—  .76 

+  33. 1 

9 

—1.14 

—1.02 

+  27.8 

11 

—1.29 

-1.19 

+  81.2 

14 

— 1.0',» 

-1.29 

+  14.6 

13 

-1.51 

—1.31 

+    9.0 

19 

—1. 30 

- 1. 31 

+    4.1 

9 

—1.11 

—1.34 

-    1.8 

12 

—1.51 

—1.41 

—    8.5 

10 

—1.83 

—1.62 

—  14.1 

4 

—2.00 

— l.iii 

—  1H.7 

3 

—2. 10 

—2.  36 

—  22. 4 

4 

—2. 75 

—2.  (,7 

—  27.9 

4 

—2.9 

-2.9 

—  34.1 

1 

+9.3 

With  «t  =  5,  we  have: — 


11=  ±  ".33. 
Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Declinntion  limits. 

Declination  limitn. 

Declinntion  limits. 

-300  1,0+6° 

+  400  10  —  30° 

—  30O  to+iH)o 

Mean  a 

ir* 

ro' 

t'         i              »o' 

7r' 

.■o' 

h. 

u 

// 

tt 

1 

2 

—  .  25 

11 

+  .  15 

21 

+  .20 

3 

3 

+  .43 

7 

--  .84 

10 

+  .18 

5 

4 

+  .57 

10 

+  .12 

16 

—  .04 

7 

a 

+  .50 

12 

+  .13 

13 

+  .33 

9 

1 

—  .30 

9 

—  .10 

13 

+  .06 

U 

4 

—  .10 

10 

—  .14 

19 

—  .07 

13 

6 

+  .12 

7 

+  .09 

13 

,00 

15 

5 

+  .32 

12 

+  .03 

20 

—  .04 

17 

2 

—  .HO 

10 

-  .4.-. 

20 

—  .35 

19 

5 

—  .00 

13 

—  .l.j 

21 

—  .03 

81 

4 

—  .17 

10 

—  .18 

20 

—  .10 

23 

5 

+  .30 

0 

+  .17 

14 

+  .08 

A  small  correction,  depciuliug  on  the  right  asccusion,  may  be  indicated, 
discussion  was  not,  however,  undertaken. 


The 


[105]  REPORT  OP  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  511 


C.  G.  H.  31. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  6 

V 

ro 

Co 

o 

II 

// 

+  ia.7 

2 

—  .88 

+  .35 

t 

+    8.2 

9 

+  .00 

+  .35 

Tr^- 

+    3.3 

3 

+  .01 

+  .:j5 

—  0.7 

—  8.4 

—  17.9 

7 

11 

2 

+  .;,5 
-1-  .a? 

+1.02 

+  .35 
+  .35 

+  .:«> 

For  the  last  flvo  m-onps 
the  weights  are  estimated. 

—  21. 1 

4 

—  .00 

+  .35 

—  26.5 

3 

+  .Cl 

+  .35 

—  35.0 

2 

+1.03 

+  .17 

-41.4 

2 

-  .51 

+  .03 

—  52. 0 

1 

+  .33 

.00 

—  r)9. 9 

5 

-  .40 

.00 

—  78.1 

1 

+  .90 

.00 

The  correction  ia  extremely  uncertain,  owinpf  to  the  small  number  of  observations, 
as  well  as  large  probable  error.    The  value  of  J  is  estimated  to  be  ±  1".2. 

The  declinations  have  not  been  employed  in  the  reduction  of  any  stars  between  the 
limits  of  declination  +  90o  and  —  30.° 

S.  H.  31. 

The  values  of  r  are  applicable  to  tlie  catalogue  places  as  rednced  with  Young's 
refractions. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  d 

rr' 

'o 

''o 

0 

// 

// 

+  73. 1 

15 

+  1.0 

+   1.30 

t 

+  65.1 

4 

+    .1 

+  1.30 

r=2 

+  02. 4 

10 

+  1.37 

+  1.30 

+  56. 2 

11 

+  1.20 

+  1.30 

+  51.0 

19 

+  1.70 

+  1..30 

+  44.7 

7 

+  1.20 

+  1.30 

+  38.7 

8 

+     .90 

+   1.30 

+  33.2 

(i 

+  1.21 

+  1.30 

+  27. 9 

33 

+  1.  IS 

+  1..30 

+  21.  3 

18 

+   1.K-, 

+  1.30 

+  14.0 

53 

+  1.20 

+  1.30 

+    82 

35 

+   1.(0 

+  1.20 

+    4.1 

24 

+   1.35 

+  1.21 

—    2.4 

65 

+     .79 

+  1.13 

—    8.5 

70 

+  1.22 

+  1.00 

—  14.1 

30 

+  1.32 

+    .86 

—  18.5 

18 

+    .24 

+    .74 

—  2.;.  9 

17 

—  1.09 

+     .  05 

—  2-1. 1 

31 

+    .71 

+     .01 

—  35.  0 

o 

—    .13 

+     .00 

—  42.1 

r 

+    .09 

+    .00 

—  50. 4 

o 

+  1,41 

+     .00 

-  59.2 

0 

+   .on 

+     .41 

—  74.8 

3 

+    .14 

+     .35 

w 


n 


\ 

s  , 


.11 


it"n, 


\i 


! 


512 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[106] 


There  appears  to  be  a  welliuaiked  correction  depending  on  a,  as  is  eliown  in  the 
following  table: — 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


DecliDtition  limits 

Dccliimtiou  limits 

Declin.ntioii  liiiills 

—  aoo  to  +  0° 

+  50  to +00° 

- 

-300  to +00° 

Meau  a 

tt' 

lo 

Mt'iin  (1 

tt' 

III 

Mean  » 

-■ 

1 

) 

h. 

// 

h. 

, 

/>. 

1.0 

IG 

+ 

.2.-) 

23.  H 

29 

+ 

.58 

O.T 

40 

+ 

.40 

3.3 

16 

+ 

.73 

2.5 

Hi 

+ 

.98 

3.0 

32 

+ 

.80 

5.H 

2o 

+ 

.20 

5.2           U- 

+ 

.30 

5.7 

42 

+ 

.02 

7.4 

14 

.HI) 

7.0 

.1. 

.10 

8.3 

21 

.25 

•J.  3 

9 

— 

.10 

11.2 

■^ 

.75 

11.3 

31 

— 

.40 

11.2 

7 

+ 

..'•>0 

13.2 

31 



.10 

i:i.O 

tM 

.39 

11.9 

34 

.38 

U..5 

09 



.00 

K>.G 

44 

— 

.01 

H.O 

30 

— 

12 

18.2 

52 

— 

.23 

1H.<J 

2,-i 

— 

.2-^ 

19.9 

32 

.10 

19.9 

00 

— 

.10 

ai.8 

00 

+ 

.18 

22. 3 

02 

+ 

.38 

rtf  in  limits  —  30°  to  +  00°  gives  the  correction  +  ".27  sin  a  +  ".47  cos  a.    The 
probable  error  of  each  coelHeient  is  ±  ".00. 
With  m  =  6,  we  have : — 

U=i:  V'M. 

C.  G.  ii.  33. 
Each  r  is  given  weight  1. 

Eesiduals  in  order  of  decHnalion. 


Mean  (! 

tt' 

ro 

Co 

0 

// 

tl 

+  33.8 

1 

+  .35 

+  .31 

+  27.7 

7 

+  .41 

+  ..54 

+  21.7 

/ 

+  .09 

+  .48 

+  14.2 

a 

—  .2.-. 

+  .11 

+     8.4 

4 

—  .22 

-  .09 

+     3.7 

0 

+   .29 

-  .14 

—    2.2 

5 

-  .10 

-  .10 

—    8.0 

0 

—  .02 

+  .10 

—  14. 1 

4 

+  .32 

+  .40 

—  18.7 

3 

+  .70 

+  .05 

—  22.  4 

4 

+1.  05 

+  .79 

—  27. 9 

4 

+  .92 

+  .89 

—  35.  0 

0 

+  1.15 

+  .71 

—  4.>.  1 

5 

+  .04 

+  .32 

—  r,5. 1 

2 

—  .00 

+  .05 

—  r,!).  i» 

7 

+  .04 

+  .01 

—  75. 1 

3 

—  .11 

—  .09 

With  m  =  G,  we  have: — 


i;  =  +  ".30. 


[1071  BEPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 

Beaiduals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


513 


Decliuation  limits. 
+  40Oto  — 30<^ 

Declination  limits. 
+  40"  to  —  30° 

Mean  a 

n' 

ro' 

Mean  a 

n- 

ro' 

h. 
0.35 
3.00 
5.41 
7.  CO 
10.67 

5 
5 
8 
5 
7 

±:1"3 
±■1 

+  .09 

h. 
13.40 
15. 53 
18.31 
19.72 
22.06 

4 

9 

7 
5 

7 

+  .25 
+  .02 
+  .09 

—  .04 

—  .33 

Ce  34. 

Ecsiduals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  d 

it' 

>-o 

Co 

o 

„ 

„ 

+  87.3 

25 

—  .08 

.00 

1=3 

+  75.5 

14 

+  .06 

—  .04 

+  69.7 

14 

—  .2r. 

—  .14 

+  66.2 

17 

—  .18 

—  .24 

+  61.2 

31 

—  .  .W 

—  .38 

+  .lao 

43 

—    .25^ 

—  .52 

+  50. 3 

23 

—  .71 

—  .70 

+  45. 0 

21 

—  .87 

—  .78 

+  ^9  4 

15 

—  .79 

—  .83 

+  33.2 

8 

—   .  Ol 

—  .82 

+  27. 8 

48 

—  .>':\ 

—  .86 

+  20. 4 

50 

—  .  4C, 

—  .56 

+  14.3 

52 

—  .47 

—  .39 

+    8.5 

57 

—  .  '-'5 

—  .36 

+    4.1 

24 

—  .46 

—  .40 

-    0.8 

22 

—  .19 

—  .49 

-    8.4 

36 

—  .  85 

—  .70 

—  14.0 

12 

—1. 22 

—  .85 

'■ 

—  19.2 

10 

—  .62 

—  .96 

—  21. 7 

9 

—  .79 

—  .99 

—  2K.  4 

13 

—1.25 

—1.00 

34  1 

t) 

—1.4 

With  TO  =  6,  we  have: — 


N  B 33 


E  ±  ".70. 


«t  i 


\>% 


i<« 


k^' 


514  UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEliN  BOUNUAUY  COMMISSION. 

liesiduals  in  order  of  right  uncennion. 


[I  OS) 


Declination 

limitti. 

Dirliim 

ion  limits. 

Dcclinntion  limits. 

UerlinntionliiiiitH 

+  40oto- 

-30O 

H-40'^t,o  +  U0O 

—  -.m  to  +  .V 

—  300  to +  900 

Mvilli  a 

n-' 

r.,' 

tt' 

ro' 

n,' 

t' 

)■„' 

A. 

1 

;i5 

+  .11) 

■M 

—  .-Jit 

;i 

-  .70 

07 

—  .01 

:i 

•  J>> 

+  .r.ri 

10 

—  .  44 

8 

+  .:!0 

;t3 

+  .30 

ii 

;ii 

—  .V!l 

11 

—  .;!5 

5 

—  .i.'0 

43 

—  .35 

7 

'-'I 

+  .01 

24 

+  .04 

I) 

'*'* 

+  .  :i-J 

Ti 

—  .  no 

rt 

+  .40 

37 

+  .33 

11 

•.\i 

+   .!« 

:!4 

+  .H 

8 

+  .05 

00 

+  .09 

i;) 

i!l> 

+  .11 

ys 

+  .«:( 

•-'0 

+  .20 

51 

+  .17 

15 

r,o 

—  .00 

1) 

+  .ao 

14 

+  .4i 

:>'j 

—  .03 

17 

•2'2 

-h  .  o;i 

9 

+  .13 

7 

+  .48 

•M 

+  .00 

li) 

49 

—  .i;i 

17 

—  .05 

f 

—  .r)4 

(iO 

—  .11 

21 

95 

-  .  13 

:i.T 

+  .10 

yr» 

—  .13 

.'.8 

.00 

8:t 

21 

—  .  45 

7 

—  .00 

4 

—  .35 

28 

—  .35 

No  certain  correction  following  a  appears  to  bo  indicnted. 


Mil  .U. 


In  Observatiimcn  Antronomica;  1S.'5;$  and  liS34,  Lunioiit  (loraparcs  his  declinations  of 
fundunicntal  star.s  witb  tbo.se  of  Ijessel  and  Struve.  The  conipaiisons  are  nsed  in 
finding  the  cnrve  of  correction,  bnt  no  use  is  made  of  the  declinations  of  the  stars  so 
compared. 

lirxidualu  in  order  of  declination. 


MiMll  if 


+  74.  4 

+  03.0 

4-  ■'>'.(! 

+  49.  (i 

+  40.  I 

+  3-.'.0 


31.0 

11.0 

9.1 

4.3 

1.5 

9.0 

14.3 

19.7 

30. 3 


-' 

'0 

'■•     1 

„ 

// 

13 

—  .39 

-  .39       i        f        ., 

14 

—  .30 

-.49               --•' 

/ 

—  .OS 

-..^.G      , 

37 

—  .74 

-  .03 

30 

—  .  0.1 

-  ..-.4 

15 

—  .38 

-  .34 

50 

+  .01 

+  .01 

«iO 

+  .37 

+  .39 

73 

+  .  43 

+  .47 

79 

+  .03 

+  .50 

43 

+  .94 

+  .49 

49 

—  .  14 

+  .38 

43 

H   ..■>8 

+  .17 

19 

+  .70 

—  .01 

il 

—  .  13 

—  .19 

30 

—  .  01 

—  .5 

flOftI 


IMCI'OHT  OF  TIIK  (MIIKF  A8THONOMI  l{,  APPKNDIX   II. 


r)15 


liindvoitoiitly  the  nutation  correction  was  not  applied  to  tbc  values  of  c  previous 
to  tlie  above  discussion.    Tlie  outstanding  residuals  are: — 
Hvnidiiah  iit  order  of  ri<iht  asiriiKioii. 


Ui'c'liiiatinn  liniita. 


Di'olinutiuii  liiiiitH. 
^-r.'-^  to -|-7;V 


Mc'llll  n 

^t 

h. 

1 

*j 

a 

111 

5 

17 

7 

1 

i) 

HI 

11 

yii 

13 

•^0 

ir> 

17 

17 

1 

lit 

111 

*>\ 

],^ 

'.'3 

111 

+  l./O 
+     .Hi> 

—  .11 

—  l.fiO 
+     .1(1 

—  .  -i'y 

—  .(1| 

+     -^M     , 

—  .10     ' 
+     .li.'i     ■ 

—  .  (17     ■ 
+     .11 


42 

",l 

4,-. 


11 

:n 
•j(i 
11 


+  .10 

+  .(II 

H-  .11 

—  .:w 
+  .l(> 

—  .1(1 

—  .(i;i 
+  •!■ 

—  .17 

+  .•-'•-' 

-)-  .  17 

+  .(V.! 


Dcclitiiilloii  liiiiilH. 

+  7i>  lo— *> 


41 

I'.l 
4.''. 
4S1 


r 

) 

+ 

.  r.ii 

+ 

.44 

+ 

.(111 

-     - 

+ 

.14 

.41 

4.S 
44 

:w 
;:(! 


—  .(14 
-f-  .-'1 

—  .Ill 
+  .17 

+  .(;(i 

-I-  .  I'.i 


JJi.scussed  lor  terms  in  u,  the  last  coluiuu  (+  75°  to  —  LTiO)  {jives: — 

+  ".03  sin  a  +  ".21  cos  u, 
whicli  agrees  well  with  the  nutation  correction  +  ".01!  sin  u  +  .18  cos  «.    The  latter  is 
therefore  adopted. 

With  m  =  5,  we  have: — 

E  =  i  r'.Of). 

Eh  ;{7. 
EcHulitalii  in  order  of  declination. 


Moiiii  i! 


+  Bli.'J 
-j-  7(i.  1) 
+  7(1.  I 

-I-  tio. ;! 

+  fil.4 
+  .''ili.  (I 
4-  i'd.  H 

+  4r..  I 
+  -.i'.l.  :i 
+  :t;i.:> 

-\-  'JT.  (1 

+  i!l.-' 

-u  14..-. 

+  H.  (I 

+   :i.;) 

—  1^.  (i 

—  M.  1 

—  If.  7 

—  i>l.'.) 

—  '2lf.il 


•Jl 
l.'-> 

7 
Ci 

ai 
•ji 
:t(i 
i<; 
k; 
1(1 
:t(i 
4r. 
4i; 
,^ti 
ii7 

•JU 

:w 
I.-. 
ii 
<) 




18 



.S!l 

:t7 



^'3 



IH 



.U3 



li(i 



*M 

— 

14 

— 

.•>'! 

— 

.  IH 

— 

.  IM 

— 

»>>> 

— 

.  l(i 

-f 

.01 

— 

.\-< 

.1(1 

-  - 

.  Ill 

— 

.■t:i 

.-_ 

.18 

— 

.  1.'. 

— 

.yo 

— 

.  :ii 

— 

.18 

— 

.  'J.'t 

— 

.(14 

+ 

.:il 

+ 

.03 

+ 

.(IT 

.03 

.'-'1 

— 

.17 

_ 

.r,i 

— 

.  -.Hi 

.  'i;i 

— 

.ui; 

— 

.  ».'> 

— 

.18 

+ 

.HO 

-- 

.m 

+ 

.44 

+ 

^'2 

With  m  =  8,  wo  have: — 


K\ 


i 


in 


616  UNITE])  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.         [110 1 

Eesiduah  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

— 

iO°to+50 

+  5° 

^o+40o 

+  40oto  +  00o 

—  30°  to +90° 

Munn  n 

7I-' 

i-o' 

y 

r,' 

tt' 

To' 

ir' 

>v 

h. 

„ 

tl 

II 

„ 

I 

(> 

—1.05 

■X 

+  .14 

15 

+  .16 

47 

.00 

:i 

10 

+  .-io 

10 

+  .08 

5 

-  .04 

25 

+  .12 

:< 

11 

+  .10 

yo 

—  ..'lO 

12 

+  .:!0 

40 

-  .11 

7 

24 

+  .(W 
—  .17 

5 

—  ,02 

20 

+  .06 
—  .02 

!) 

4 

+  .20 

18 

11 

+  -H 

;i:t 

11 

i:i 

+  .02 

20 

+  .11 

10 

-  .05 

40 

+  .o:» 

'.:t 

15 

+  .1S1 

8 

—  .15 

10 

.00 

;i;t 

+  .03 

15 

14 

+  .00 

18 

—  .4;j 

!l 

—  .  :!2 

41 

+  .34 

17 

G 

-  .  15 

11 

-    .04 

10 

.00 

:!0 

—  .01 

1<J 

7 

—  .42 

27 

—  .01 

7 

+  .11 

41 

—  .00 

21 

15 

—  .y:i 

17 

+  .li'.t 

2;t 

55 

—  .Ort 

9;i 

i;t 

—  .:ii 

18 

+  ••-il 

10 

—  .00 

41 

—  .02 

A  correction  i.s  indicated,  such  as  might  be  due  to  an  error  iu  the  adopted  temper- 
ature coefficient  iu  refraction.  Very  little  correction  is  showi  » the  summary.  I  have 
thought  it  safest  to  neglect  the  discussion  of  terms  in  a.    ( Vide  Eh  43). 

Kg  38. 

Each  »•  was  given  equal  weight.  The  numbers  in  column  rj'  result  from  a  redis 
cussion  adopting  the  value  of  the  periodic  formuln,  deduced  below  for  terms  in  «. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  < 

tt' 

1-0 

Co 

>-o" 

o 

// 

II 

// 

+  B7.5 

o 

—     .05 

—    .05 

-    .07 

+  75. 8 

2 

—     .21 

—    .26 

—    .11 

+  71.2 

2 

—     .  75 

—     .32 

-     .  54 

+  02. 2 

2 

—     .09 

—    .24 

—     .00 

+  55. 1 

2 

+     .44 

+     .10 

+     .40 

+  51. 1 

1 

+     .  05 

+     .24 

+     .84 

+  4.5.  i» 

3 

+  1.03 

+     .30 

+     .-0 

+  30.8 

0 

—     .08 

+     .22 

—     .01 

+  28. 1 

4 

—     .07 

+     .08 

—    .17 

+  21.3 

2 

—     .01 

+     .13 

-     .01 

+  14.3 

i 

+     .39 

+     .••J7 

+     .42 

+     8.2 

4 

+     .29 

--     .40 
--     ..59 

+     .41 

+     4.0 

3 

+  1.10 

+  1.10 

—     1.1 

1 

+  1.10 

+     -77 

+  1.05 

—  y.i 

3 

+     .  99 

+  1.09 

+     .97 

—  14. -.J 

o 

+  1.30 

+  1.31 

+  1.02 

—  20. 1 

1 

+  2.8 

+  1.8 

+  3. 10 

-J 


The  declinatiou  curve  founded  on  to  is  adopted. 


[inj 


REPORT  OP  THE  OOIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 

Remduala  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


517 


Declination  limits. 
—  '.too  to  4-  90^^ 

Declination  limits. 
—  30°  to +90° 

Mean  i 

7r' 

•■o' 

Mean  i 

n' 

.•o' 

h. 
0.9 

;».  1 

.5. 2 

7.<i 

9.7 

11.5 

r> 

4 

5 
1 
2 
4 

+  .87 
+  .75 
+  .50 
+  .20 

—  .05 

-  .no 

h. 
13. 3 
14.9 
17.1 
19.3 
20.9 
23.3 

2 
7 
5 
8 
5 
2 

—  .45 

—  .44 
+  .42 
+  .13 
+  .04 
+  .  15 

The  correction  depeutling  on  a  is  quite  marked.  The  result  is  +  ".14  +  ".24  sin 
«  +  ".32  008  a.  The  probable  errors  of  the  terms  in  a  nre  each  ±  .07.  The  formuln 
of  correction  is  adopted. 

With  »»  =  8,  we  have  :— 

E  =  ±  ".39. 

Gh  39. 
Residtials  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  d 


+  86.5 
+  76.7 
+  70.5 
+  66.2 
+  60. 9 
+  ,56.8 
+  50.9 
+  45.5 
+  39.7 
+  32. 9 
+  27.4 
+  21.1 


+ 
+ 
+ 


14.5 
8.9 
3.9 
1.6 

—  8.6 

—  14.1 

—  18.7 

—  22.5 

—  28. 1 


79 
71 
67 
62 
176 
147 
i;w 

136 

98 

54 

114 

134 

130 

135 

85 

90 

97 

51 

36 

44 

44 


+  .07 
+  .05 


+ 

+ 


10 
10 
06 
+  .07 
+  .20 
+  .02 
.07 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


19 
15 


+  .01 
+  .04 
+  .08 
+  .09 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


.10 
,11 
,12 
,12 
.13 
.14 
.16 


+  .26 
+  .29 
+  .37 
+  .40 
+  .53 
+  .71 
+  ..53 
+1.04 
+1.24 


+  .19 
+  .24 
+  .29 
+  .35 
+  .43 
+  ..56 
+  .68 
+  .80 
+  .90 
+1.05 


With  w»  e=  4,  we  have: — 


__4 


If' 

Hi' 


. 


''i] 


B=±".ll. 


518 


UNITIiJl)  STATES  JIOUTHERN  BOUNDAItY  COMMISSION. 


1112J 


Rcaiiluuh  in 

order  of  right  aaccnsion. 

ncrlinntiiin  liniitN. 

Uorlinntion  liinilH. 

nL'cliiintion  liinitH. 

—  ;tO^  to+f)'^ 

4.40-^  to- 30^ 

-30"^  to +90^ 

Mean  1 
h. 

ir'       '           r,,' 

„, 

n-'                  »-o' 

'/ 

,, 

// 

1 

a5 

—  .•-'! 

1X5 

—  .  15 

212 

—  .13 

3 

;i!i 

—  .  13 

57 

—  .24 

95 

—  .13 

5 

48 

—  .41 

107 

—  .20 

174 

—  .18 

7 

25 

+  .31 

89 

+  .11 

103 

+  .10 

<l 

13 

—  .30 

73 

—  .11 

127 

—  .11 

11 

33 

+  .01 

89 

+  .13 

207 

+  .13 

13 

48 

+  .17 

74 

+  .08 

1,52 

+  .09 

15 

45 

+  .11 

108 

+  .20 

202 

+  .12 

17 

a5 

-  .04 

72 

+  .09 

im 

+  .05 

19 

aci 

+  .20 

119 

-  .17 

201 

+  .05 

ai 

45 

+  .27 

89 

—  .21 

212 

-  .(Ml 

as 

■Mi 

-.13 

84 

—  .10 

144 

—  .11 

A  tolerably  welliiiuikeil  correctiuii  depending  on  a  is  indicated.     No  discnssion  iH 
undertiiken,  liowever,  aa  the  correction  would  in  nny  case  be  very  small. 

Ce  40. 
The  weight.s  formed  in  the  manner  ex|)lained  in  Section  V.  evidently  increase  too 
rapidly  witli  tbe  number  of  observation,s. 

Residuals  in  order  0/ declination. 


Meou  il 

T 

lo 

fa 

n'  is  therefore  formed 

0 
+  80.  G 

.00 

in  this  ninnner : 

75 

+  .02 

1 
Weight  co!ii- 

+  70.  C 

55 

+  .12 

.00 

piited    nc-            , 

+  70.3 

33 

—  .11 

—  .07 

cording  to         ^ 

+  05. 8 

34 

—  .08 

—  .16 

Section  V. 

+  61.2 

134 
65 

—  .38 

-  .37 

—  .29 

—  .40 

+  56.2 

+  49.6 

57 

—  ..54 

—  .  .55 

I  to  5            1  to  5 

+  45. 3 

91 

—  .02 

—  .05 

0             [       6 

+  39.0 

74 

—  .  75 

—  .77 

7             1       t! 

+  3-^.9 

24 

—  .«! 

—  .85 

8  mid  9 

7 

+  27.7 

85 

—  .83 

—  .89 

10  and  11 

8 

+  21.2 

113 

—  .78 

—  .82 

12  lo  14 

9 

+  14.4 

118 

—  .57 

—  .58 

15  to  17 

10 

+    8.9 

110 

—  .37 

—  .47 

18  to  21 

11 

+    3.7 

r>6 

—  .51 

—  .54 

22  ti>  25 

12 

-    1.3 

57 

—  .78 

—  .64 

20  to  30 

13 

—    8.6 

70 

—  .05 

—  .70 

31  to  35 

14 

-  14.1 

25 

—  .93 

—  .68 

30  to  40              15 

—  19.4 

U 

—    .3.T 

—  .50 

41  to  40      ;       10 

—  21. 9 

8 

—  .43 

—  ..50 

17  to  52 

17 

—  20.3 

7 

—  .07 

—  .4 

.")3  to  58 
.59  to  05 
06  to  72 

18 
19 
20 

73  to  80 

21 

81  to  83 

22 

89  to  96 

23 

97  to  105 

24 

100,  or  more 

25 

[1131  IlEPOUT  OF  TUK  (JlllliK  AHTHONOMEll,  AlM'KNDLr   II.  519 

RcHiduaU  in  order  of  rUjht  nHcnmon. 


I 


nuclinntiim  limits 

Ducliniitlon  UiiiUh. 

Oc'cliiiaf 

1)11  llinitH. 

Di'i'llnatiuii  liinitH. 

Pocliimt 

inn  liiiiilH. 

—  :10"  to  +  &" 

-1-  5"  to  +  4UO 

+  40" 

to  —  300 

+  40^ 

to  +  W^ 

—  30^  to  + 

m> 

Means 

tt' 

ro' 

TT* 

iV 

1 

7T' 

ro' 

v' 

lu' 

1 

iV 

h. 
1 

r> 

+ 

4r. 

m 

—  .00 

(W 

—  .04 

7!) 

" 

4-  .no 

147 

+ 

.01 

:i 

'.HI 

4- 

lU 

1:1 

—  .  1.1 

:i:i 

+  .04 

30 

—  .(»- 

03 



.01 

r. 

lU 

+ 

a:> 

4:t 

+  .oil 

r.'j 

+  .13 

44 

—  .11 

103 

4- 

.03 

7 
U 

r>4 

44 

+  .:i4 

r.3 

Hit 

4- 
4- 

.ao 

...... 

"+" 

'46' 

■•;,.;••• 

"— .C'h" 

.11 

11 

Ill 

4- 

.:w 

4H 

+  .04 

Ul 

+  .Vi 

78 

—  .Vi 

130 

— 

.oa 

13 

'JU 

+ 

.14 

24 

-ll.o:i 

44 

+  .0,-, 

41! 

4-  .  10 

00 

+ 

.  la 

15 

'-'9 

+ 

.(W 

(Kl 

+  .w 

Ihi 

4  .10 

40 

—  .OJ 

138 

+ 

.0(1 

1       17 

10 

+ 

.nc. 

44 

—  .0-2 

:.'i 

-  .01 

4.-1 

—  .oa 

!t7 

— 

.01 

1!) 

14 

.(Xi 

80 

—  .  04 

100 

—  .04 

:<n 

—  .11 

l.'.O 

— 

.07 

ai 

41 

_ 

.:io 

•i'i 

—  .13 

7:1 

—  .25 

70 

4- .01 

Mit 

— 

.  la 

at 

a4 

— 

.III 

30 

—  .'It 

M 

—  .ai 

3a 

4-  .as 

HO 

z 

.04 

A  correction  varjiiifj  with  tlw  right  ascL'iision  i.s  well  inarked  in  the  zone  4-  4(P 
to  -30°  (iintl  is  supported  in  some  degree  by  Ce  .il).  1  lind  4-  (".15  i  .0i.'5)  sin  «  - 
(".15  i  .025)  cos  a. 

With  m  =  8,  we  have : — 

I]  —  J-  //.4C,  Ce  48  gives  ±  ".(>2,  and  Ce  .'id  i  ".CO.     I  have  adopted  E  =  :t  00. 

Ah  41  and  Ah  52. 

These  were  at  llrst  treated  as  separate  catalogues,  but  the  experiment  proved  that 
there  exists  between  them  no  dinerenee,  which  ciiii  lie  .safely  iiredieiited  t'roin  the 
material.  Otims's  very  thorough  comparison  of  Uobinson's  Armagh  (Catalogue  [Ant. 
Niuh.  Bd.  50,  p.  248),  after  the  proper  correction,  has  been  relied  upon  to  a  great  extent 
in  drawing  the  curve. 


m 


f?)i 


m 


'tl 


il 


■^^"  w 


520         UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.         [114] 

Residuali  in  order  of  declination. 


h 


Direct 

comparison. 

Tbrougb  Ao  21), 

Dif  fureuoo 

Meitn  il 

ir- 

r» 

C, 

Moand 

Number  of 
stars. 

uiirorrvctcd, 
n|>plioiiblolo 
AriiinRbdeo- 
liiiiktlon. 

DiiTerence 
corrootod. 

0 

ft 

II 

o 

II 

// 

+  76.8 

11 

+     .21 

+ 

.90 

+  81.2 

4 

+    .52 

+    .88 

-.  71.2 

20 

+     .05 

+ 

.20 

+  77.1 

6 

+     .23 

+   .r.0 

.-  66.4 

17 

—    .06 

+ 

.iJO 

+  72. 4 

8 

+     .34 

+     .63 

-  61.0 

38 

+     .11 

4- 

.17 

+  »>  7 

6 

-    .39 

-     .16 

-  56. 5 

32 

+     .08 

+ 

.05 

+  02.  4 

11 

+     .38 

+     .56 

—  51.4 

38 

+     .07 

.10 

+  57.5 

15 

-    .36 

—     .23 

--  45.5 

46 

-  1. 13 

— 

.71 

4    51,6 

15 

—    ,31 

—    .27 

+  40.1 

4U 

—     .40 

- . 

.81 

+  47. 5 

15 

—     .00 

—    .75 

-  32.9 

20 

—    .66 

— 

54 

+  42.9 

22 

—     .85 

—  1.02 

-  26.5 

24 

—    .20 

— 

30 

+  37.5 

3" 

—    ,18 

—    .49 

-  21.0 

25 

—    .16 

— 

27 

+  32.7 

17 

—    ,10 

—    .52 

"  15.1 

16 

—    ,83 

— 

47 

+  27. 4 

29 

+     .04 

—    .17 

+    9.3 

41 

—    .01 

— 

78 

+  22.3 

23 

+     .41 

—    .18 

+     3.7 

15 

—    .24 

—  1 

08 

+  17.7 

31 

+     .30 

—    .36 

-     1.7 

22 

—  1.14 

—  1 

21 

+  12.4 

18 

+     .08 

—    .M 

—    8.2 

14 

—    .54 

—  1 

15 

+    7.6 
+    .3.0 
-    2.5 

23 
31 
17 

-  .45 

-  .46 

-  1.21 

—  1.05 

—  1. 07 

—  1.98 

—    7.7 

14 

+    .38 

—    .58 

n' 

is  furm 

edwith?.= 

3. 

—  13.1 

19 

-    .81 

-  1.24 

t, 

—  16.8 

—  23.6 

24 

2 

+    ..58 
—  2.05 

-  .47 

—  3.0 

With  m  =  6,  we  bave: — 


i?  =  ±  I'M. 


Regiduah  in  order  of  right  ascennion. 


Mean  a 

jt' 

ro' 

Mean  a 

V 

>•„' 

h. 

// 

h. 

// 

1 

48 

—  .03 

13 

27 

—  .16 

3 

19 

+  .05 

15 

40 

+  .05 

5 

.^3 

-  .34 

17 

35 

-  .37 

7 

20 

—  .02 

19 

35 

+  .18 

9 

34 

+  .64 

21 

48 

+  .01 

11 

59 

+  .03 

23 

38 

+  .26 

flini  REPORT  OF  TUB  OHIEP  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  U.  521 


Kk  43. 

The  correction  in  order  of  declinfttion  is  luiopted  us  it  remilfH  from  the  dlscnsBion 
in  Section  VI.  (Tabic  II.).  In  tlio  foiiowing  tiibie,  eadi  value  of  r'  it)  suitposed  to  hiivo 
nu  eqnnl  degree  of  precinioii. 

lienidunh  in  order  nf  right  ancenition. 


1 
Drolinntion  llniltH. 
—  ;iuo  t.)  +  4-J" 

Dccllimtion  limits. 
—  HUO  t  u  +  4ao 

Menn  a 

jt' 

ro' 

Mean  a 

TT* 

r„' 

h. 
0.7 
2.9 

r>.4 

7.(1 
9.7 
11.7 

1 

r> 
1 

a 

1 

// 

—  .40 

—  .40 
+  .14 

—  .:m 

—  .ao 

—  .30 

A. 

i;!.;i 
ir).o 

17.0 
I!).  4 

ao.9 
2a.9 

1 

4 
3 
4 

a 

—  .ao 

—  .la 

+  .10 

+  .40 
+  .40 

+  .ao 

The  division  into  two  zones,  wliich  was  made,  is  of  no  interest,  owing  to  the  small 
number  of  stars.    From  the  above  is  foniul  as  a  correction:— 

-  {".10  ±  ".06)  sin  a  +  (".13  +  ".07)  cos  « ; 

and  this  is  adopted. 

Dr.  Anwers  found  {Agt.  N'ach.,  Bd  05,  8.  230):— 

-  ".139  sin  (o  -  25°  38')  -  ".239  (sin  2  «  +  O.io  27'). 

The  term  depending  on  2  a  is  indeed  indicated,  but  I  have  preferred  to  neglect  it, 
since  the  number  of  residuals  is  small. 
With  IB  =■  4,  we  have : — 

7?  =  +  ".26. 


1131  J' 
19 


III 


}y 


i 


4'. 


II 


i: 


iiv' 


522 


UNITED  STATES  NOBTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[I16| 


Eh  4;{. 
Eeniduulu  vi  order  of  (Icvlinai'on. 


K(ean  A 

) 

0 

Co 

+  eii.H 

1,-.(1 

+ 

.  ()(■> 

.00 

The  wc>i({lit»  (t')  nro 

+  7(1.  r. 

8,-. 

+ 

.14 

.00 

ronatnieti'il    according 

-h  711.  :^ 

24 

.44 

.  00 

tci    Section  V.,    wliicli 

-1-  (•)().:> 

7 

_ 

.20 

— 

.01 

tinpposcs: 

+  (ii.;! 

;!:i 

— 

.08 

— 

.04 

f      ,, 

+  ."iti.  r> 

54 

— 

.14 

— 

.07 

r-^- 

+  riO.t! 

,M 

+ 

.07 

— 

.08 

Tlio.irKiiiiHnit  for  form- 

+ 4.'p.r> 

;i8 

— 

.1'.! 

— 

.  or, 

ing  -'  m  not  tlicr.  foro 

+  :h».  4 

42 

^• 

.03 

— 

.o:! 

till!  total  nuinbiTof  ob- 

+  :■>;!.  li 

18 

+ 

.;!:t 

+ 

.02 

siTvivtUiiiH,  bnt  the  Hum 

+  27. 4 

t>(i 

+ 

.14 

+ 

.00 

of  tlio  v;ilne»  of  jr'  in 

+  s-'l.:! 

(Ui. 

.10 

+ 

.17 

each  your. 

+  14.2 

08 

+ 

.18 

+ 

.28 

+  ac 

fi(i 

+ 

.40 

+ 

.x-> 

i       +4.1 

42 

+ 

.10 

+ 

.  :i(i 

—     1.4 

Wi 

+ 

.40 

+ 

.:a 

—     8.7 

ti.-> 

_'- 

.2(1 

+ 

.10 

—  14.1 

:!i 

— 

.07 

+ 

.04 

—  18.8 

21 



.m 

.00 

—  --'2.0 

17 

— 

.:!8 

— 

.12 

—  27. 0 

10 

+ 

.0 

^ 

.02 

Uitiidunh  in  ordir  of  right  u>)cctmon. 


l>eclinatioi. 

liniitH. 

Doolination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Dorlinat 

ion  limits. 

Dirlination  limits. 

—  • 

IP  to+rp 

+  5'Jto+40-J 

+  400 

to— :up 

+  40Oti>+!)0-" 

—  ;hp  to  +  00^' 

Mean  a 

y 

iV 

_' 

ro 

tt' 

>'o' 

r'               r,,' 

k. 

„ 

1, 

// 

" 

// 

1 

i.-> 

—  ..■.4 

411 

-■  .;!,"> 

.">.', 

—  .  10 

7,^1 

~   .11 

i;io 

—  .24 

;i 

K! 

—  .10 

li 

—  .  10 

2.'> 

—  .r.4 

1.-. 

—  .i:< 

III 

—  .:Kt 

.-•i 

:io 

+  .01 

24 

+   -l-i 

54 

4  .01 

21 

+  .04 

7.'> 

+  .0.-. 

7 

li 

+  .r,o 

40 

+   .0:1 

.<(•. 

+  .0!» 

24 

.00 

+  .00 

'.) 

It 

+   .liO 

:i7 

+   .00 

40 

+  .  11> 

14 

+  .2.1 

(10 

+  .20 

11 

Ui 

—  .;ii» 

2,-. 

+  .20 

41 

-  .();) 

;t- 

+  .0.-. 

78 

+  .01 

l;i 

14 

—  .no 

17 

4     .(!4 

111 

+  .22 

:u 

+  .01! 

02 

+  .14 

ir. 

28 

—  .07 

:ui 

+  .24 

04 

+  .10 

(i:t 

+  .tiO 

127 

-,    .20 

17 

12 

—  .  ...'- 

2V 

+  .02 

:«) 

-  .01 

r>4 

f  .22 

;i.i   1    +  .  1-t   1 

1!) 

21 

+  .11 

42 

-  .07 

o;< 

.00 

4:t 

+  .01) 

100       +  .02   1 

21 

:i;t 

—  .  IW 

20 

—  .  l.'i 

r>;i 

—  .11 

"iT 

-  .00 

no      —  .10 

2:1 

20 

+  .  0:t 

IS      ,     -.22 

us 

—  .00 

lii 

^  .J  7 

00         -.17     1 

A  correction  tlppi'iitliiig  on  a  is  quite  well  marked  in  nil  tlie  zones.    The  ditfcusision 

gives : — 

-  ('  .05  ±  ".0;$)  sin  a  —  (".!<)  Jb  "."■!)  cos  a. 

Dr.  Anwers  lound  {Anf.  Narh.,  15(1 1)4,  S.  ;!4;?)  — ''.00  3  sin  «  —",310  cos  a  for  the 
Edinburgh  decliiiiitions,  ]83.5-ls;{0,  tissuiuing  Ao  20  iviul  Oh  ITjm  to  require  no  coirnc- 
tion.    This  corresponds  toler.ibly  well  with  Eii  37,  lietween  the  declintUion  limit.i  —  30^ 


[117]  lUU»OUT  OF  TUli  CHIEF  ASTKONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  523 

to  +  50,  as  cxiiibitetl  above.  Later  (Ait.  yacli.,  IJd  «5,  p.  227),  Dr.  Auwf rs  finds  that 
two-thirJs  of  the  correction  best  corresp  jkIm  with  residuals  derived  from  his  discussion 
of  fundamental  stars.  This  accords  almos*  perfectly  with  the  formula  given  above  for 
Eh  4.1.  But  Dr.  Anwera  supposes  this  foiu.ula  not  to  be  applicable  to  the  later  obser- 
vations of  Ilenderson. 

With  m  =  8,  we  have: — 

7^;=     :l".07. 

±  "M  results  from  the  discussion  in  S>'cvion  V.    The  former  is  adopted. 

G'    45. 
'Residuals  in  order  of  declination.    ^ 


■     

— 

Xlriin  .i 

0 

-t    H(i.S 

+■  T(i.7 

+  -0.2 

-f  (id.'J 

+  .,0.'.» 

+  .'iti.  7 

+  r,o..i 

+  1-..;! 

+  :«•.» 

+  ;f,>.  s 

+  ■■>7.:> 

+  n.  ;i 

+  11.  r, 

+     H.9 

+     4.0 

—   i.r> 

-     H.(i 

-  14.0 

-    18.7 

-   -ia.  4 

-  -iS.  I 

—  ;i4. 1 

it' 

>-o 

r„ 

7r» 

—  .17 

.00 

,-|4 
37 

+  .10 
-     .  Hi 

+  .01 

+  .04 

1=4 
r, 

V.) 

+  .07 

+  .0,'. 

l.'iO 

+  .11 

+  .1)8 

llti 

+  .-21 

+  .07 

Vi-i 

—  .  !.■> 

+  .01 

fl4 

—  .01 

—  .04 

107 

—  .11 

—  .02 

«.'■> 

+  .-S! 

+  .08 

Ill 

+  .-l-i 

+  .14 

lis 

+  .11 

-i    ."'« 

l-M 

+  .I'-J 

+  .oit 

Wi 

-  .04 

+  .0.-. 

Kl 

+  .28 

+   .0() 

h:i 

+  .1« 

+  .0'.> 

rt- 

+  .  li) 

+  .  14 

47 

+  .13 

+  .1' 

:i5 

+  .08 

+  .--il 

;ii 

+  .24 

+  .24 

:in 

+  .28 

+  .28 

10 

+  1.1H 

From  the  equator  to  the  pole  it  is  a  matter  of  iiiditri-rence  whether  any  correction 

be  applied  or  not,     The  correction  '-■"       at  Greenwich  was  neglected  as  insensible 

during  this  jicriod. 

With  »i  =.'),  we  have: — 

E=  I  ".05. 


?P 


fVl 


if 


1^  .H 


524 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


[118J 


Dccliuation  limits. 
—  :!0o  to  +  DOO 

Declination  limits. 
—  30°  to  +  90° 

Mean  a 

V 

ro' 

Mean  a 

tt' 

ro' 

h. 
I 
3 
5 
7 
9 
11 

179 
87 
14G 
101 
116 
164 

+  .06 
+  .01 
+  .05 
+  .02 
+  .12 
+  .12 

h. 
13 
15 
17 
19 
21 
23 

130 
185 
152 

200 

lb: 

12U 

ft 
+  .03 
+  .12 

—  .03 

—  .10 

—  .12 

—  .13 

A  slight  correction  following  the  right  ascension  is  indicated.    It  differs,  however, 
quite  sensibly  from  that  shown  in  Grh  39,  and  I  have,  therefore,  undertaken  no  discussion. 

Pa  45. 

In  forming  -',  one  observation  is  given  weight  1;  two  to  five,  weight  2;  sixer 
more,  weight  3. 

ResidxMls  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  i! 

o 

, 

1-0 

Form. 

Co 

II 

1 

II 

+  86.0 

13 

—  .02 

+ 

.03 

.00 

+  76.0 

1" 

+  .04 

+ 

.07 

.00 

+  70.9 

21 

.00 

+ 

.10 

+  .05 

+  66.0 

12 

+  .18 

+ 

.13 

+  .11 

+  60.7 

41 

+  .18 

+ 

.16 

+  .17 

+  56.8 

29 

--  .21 

+ 

.19 

+  .21 

+  r.o.  8 

39 

-  .27 

+ 

.23 

+  .25 

+  4.5.6 

31 

-  .24 

+ 

.26 

+  .29 

+  39.9 

44 

-  .36 

+ 

.29 

+  .33 

+  33. 0 

21 

--  .40 

+ 

.32 

+  .  36 

+  26. 9 

28 

--  .29 

+ 

.36 

+  .38 

+  21.0 

35 

--  .34 

+ 

.39 

+  .39 

+  14.5 

38 

--  .45 

+ 

.41 

+  .42 

+     9.1 

46 

--  .42 

+ 

.43 

+  .44 

+     4.3 

19 

--  .59 

+ 

.46 

+  .47 

—    1.9 

23 

--  .CO 

+ 

.47 

+  .51 

-    8.4 

17 

--  .54 

.49 

+  .57 

—  14.1 

10 

--  .59 

-. 

.50 

+  .66 

—  19.4 

3 

--  .38 

+  .82 

—  23. 9 

3 

L+1.04] 
C+1.7  ] 

[+1.0  ] 
+1.3  ] 

—  26. 1 

3 

Column  "  J?'on»"  is  derived  from  the  expression  (Section  VI.) 

+  ".3t(8inZ+.503) 

Had  the  constant  +  ".34  been  increased  it»  +  ".37,  the  accord  with  Co  would  have 
been  almost  perfect  down  to  —  8o.4.  The  curve  from  which  Co  is  taken  was  drawn 
without  the  slightest  reference  to  the  previous  correction. 


1119J 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  A^THONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


525 


The  value  of  JH,  taken  from  the  outstanding  residuals,  is  of  no  interest,  since,  on 
account  o£  the  great  weight  given  to  Pa  45  in  the  discussion  of  standard  places,  it 
would  be  entirely  too  small.  In  the  introduction  to  the  fourth  volume  of  Poulkova 
observations,  we  have  a  thoroughly  reliable  discussion  of  the  probable  error  of  the 
declinations.  The  final  weights  were  founded  on  these  probable  errors,  which  increase 
rapidly  with  the  zenith  distance. 

From  the  final  residuals  {r,)  of  37  fundamental  and  circumpolar  stars  (excluding 
a  and  (J  Urs£B  Miuoris),  I  derive  i  ".273  as  the  probable  error  of  the  unit  of  adopted 
weights.  Supposing  the  average  weight  of  a  Poulkova  declination  4,  and  of  the  final 
4  0  for  1845,  80,  we  should  have  approxinuitely  ±  ".29  as  the  probable  error  of  the  unit 
corresponding  to  a  probable  error  of  ±  ".30,  as  given  in  the  introduction  of  volume  iv. 
A  like  discussion  of  the  residuals  {>•,)  of  59  other  stars,  for  which  the  weight  of  a  posi- 
tion for  1845  is  40,  or  greater  (averaging  about  50),  gives  ±  ".286,  or  about  ±  ".305  lor 
the  correct^'d  probable  error,  v/hich  should  correspond  to  the  ±  ".30  assumed.  It  may 
therefore  be  assumed  that  the  weights  for  Pa  45,  constructed  in  the  manner  explained 
above,  are  entirely  reliable,  and  correspond  well  with  the  general  system  adopted  in 
the  deliuitivo  discussion  of  A  li  and  J  //.'. 

Eesidiials  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


ir 


:1 


Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

—  •M'^  to  +  90° 

— -JO-Jti. +  90^ 

Mean  a 

tt' 

'■o' 

Mean  » 
A. 

7r' 

'•o' 

h. 

r 

„ 

1 

.')(> 

■t-    .11 

13 

;!0 

+  .o:i 

20 

—   .11 

1.') 

51 

—  ,04 

a-       +   "1 

17 

r>o 

.00 

liii      -     li 

19 

."■.o 

+  .10 

!l 

:«      -      . 

21 

.),'■) 

—  .09 

11 

4.         -..,. 

ij;j 

:n 

+  .05 

IN 


'  ■)■ 

lit 


526 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[120] 


He  45. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  cJ 

tt' 

'•o 

Co 

o 
4-  fCii 

[271 

[+  .IB] 

[+  •  17] 

+  70.  :i 

+  .53 

+  .02 

+  70.  .1 

28 

+  .72 

+  .01 

f       ., 

+  (i6. 4 

ai 

+  .23 

+  .47 

r, 

+  t)0.t< 

45 

+  .05 

+  .30 

+  56.8 

30 

+  .30 

+  .10 

+  50. 8 

45 

+  .02 

—  .04 

+  45.  li 

38 

—  .  (l(i 

—  .18 

+  40.0 

42 

—  .47 

—  .34 

4-  :«.4 

10 

—  .31 

-  .51 

+  27.4 

27 

-   .44 

—  .58 

4-  ai.i 

33 

—  .08 

—  .59 

+  14.  3 

32 

^-    *>•» 

—  .41 

+     8.8 

53 

^ii-i 

—  .14 

+     3.9 

25 

—  .02 

+  .08 

—     1.4 

ao 

+  .03 

+  .31 

—     8.() 

a7 

+  .29 

+  .49 

—  14.0 

10 

+  .95 

+  .48 

-  I'J.O 

3 

+  .18 

.(-  .30 

—  a^'.  3 

9 

+  .30 

+  .25 

—  aa.i 

13 

—  .31 

+  .00 

There  is  some  doubt  about  the  correctiou  from  +  75°  to  +  90°.    For  stars  observed 
botb  above  and  below  the  polo,  it  i.s  probably  quite  suiall. 
With  m  =  5,  we  have: — 

JS;  =  ±  ".73 

I  adopt  i  ".77,  the  meau  between  this  determiuatiou  and  that  for  Ee  58. 
Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Dec1in,.>.tioii  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Dec'linatioii  limits. 

—  30*^10 +0-^ 

+  40-2  til  —  30- 

+  4(1- 

to  +  9(P 

—  31i"  111  +90 J 

Moilll  n         t' 

rj 

' 

r„' 

" 

'u' 

tt' 

I'o' 

*. 

II 

// 

„ 

// 

1 

3 

+  .10 

29 

4    .31 

37 

+  .05 

00 

+  .10 

3 

7 

—  .44 

17 

-    .03 

8 

+  .22 

25 

+  .06 

5 

9 

—  .10 

20 

+  .11 

20 

-  .12 

40 

+  .01 

7 

r> 

—  .47 

20 

+  .00 

5 

-  .17 

31 

+  .03 

9 

4 

-1.70 

30 

—  .42 

10 

-  .31 

40 

-  .  39 

11             10 

+  .If! 

22 

-  .05 

30 

•).) 

,^2 

-.15 

13            13 

+  .33 

17 

+  .45 

21 

+  ..10 

38 

+  .42 

15              9 

+  .00 

2(i 

—  .01! 

24 

—  .33 

50 

-  .19 

17              0 

+  .03 

10 

+  .011 

3) 

—  .11 

.-.11              —  .05       j 

19              7 

-  .,53 

20 

+  .11 

20 

+  .20 

52 

+  .  15 

ai             12 

+  .  00 

22 

+  .07 

32 

+  -M 

54 

+  .11 

a3             14 

1 

—  .21 

28 

-  .  19 

19 

—  .04 

47 

-  .13 

The  previous  discussion  (Section  VI.)  is  substantially  confirmed. 


[121  j  RKPORT  OV  THE  CHIEF  ASTUONOMKU,  APPENDIX  H.  527 

Wii  47. 
The  weights  are  adopted  as  they  result  Irom  the  combiiuvtiou  of  separate  years  in 
the  maimer  explained  in  Section  V.    This  supi^ses  ^  =  3. 

Besiduuh  in  order  of  (JccUnatioa. 


Mi'nii  i1 


+  Hi.t) 
+  7(i.G 
+  (10.  U 

+  (v.'.;t 

+  00. 0 
+    15.  I 

+  ;iH.5 
+  xi-i 
+  a7.8 

+  al.ti 

+  14.  a 

+     H.ti 

;t.9 
1 

8. 
II, 
1!). 


+ 

—     l.(i 


I 

1 

•i'J.  :i 

MS.  5 


51 
19 
:!5 

:tl 
7;i 
:n 

,58 

ao 

89 
8:! 
1-Ji 
HI 
71 
19 

51 

rid 

19 


+  .10 
+  .111 

+  .--'I 
+  .07 
—  .11 
,  It) 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


.  i:t 
.11 

.10 
.02 
.05 
.  05 




.•j;i 

—  .05 

_ 

.  05 

—  .  05 

+ 

.011 

—  .0(1 

.01 

—  .11 

— 

.•21 

—  .19 

„ 

.  !>."> 

—  .28 

— 

.  ;i5 

—  .  ;m 



.:i7 

—  .115 



.51 

—  .:!;! 



.  l(j 

—  .28 



:iO 

—  .21 

+ 

.00 

—  .19 

- 

.  05 

—  .  (15 

Rrsidiials  in  order  of  ritjht  ancennion. 


Dt'cliiiiitioii  liniKs. 
—  ;!0-  1(1  +  5" 


Mean  u 

1 

1 

h. 

I 

10 

a 

49 

5 

24 

7 

25 

9 

10 

11 

11 

13 

18 

15 

4;t  i 

17 

;u 

19 

no 

1   21 

44 

1   2» 

27 

+ 


.03 
.01 

.;« 
.i:i 

.50 
.(10 
.02 

.;i4 

.15 
.  15 

.01 

.04 


Di'cliiiation  liniitm. 

+  411   ID  —  nil' 


DiM'liiiatiiiii  liiiiit.s. 
+  40'  li>  +00- 


Dci'liniitiiiii  limits. 
_  [itp  to  +  OO'^ 


5(1 
5(i 
70 
58 
4() 

:i7 

;!7 

10': 

:>s 

119 

95 
{.0 


^^ 

II 

II 

+  .  19 

4;i 

—  .10 

99 

+  .0(i 

—  .08 

18 

—  .70 

74 

—  .2a 

—  .5(1 

12 

—  .40 

82 

—  ..5a 

—  .20 

10 

+  .10 

03 

-  .11) 

—  .20 

11 

+  .21 

.)( 

—  .12 

—  .  :i4 

29 

+  .02 

(1(1 

-  .18 

—  .10 

14 

+  ..50 

51 

+  .OG 

+  .:iu 

28 

+  .05 

lao 

+  .a7 

+  .25 

;i5 

+  .1(1 

oa 

+  .'-il 

+  .25 

la 

.00 

102 

+  .CJ 

+  .00 

(id 

—  .04 

1(11 

+  .02 

—  .lis 

2:1 

—  .10 

K! 

—  .08 

■  30O  to  +  00°),  I 


From  discussion  of  the  values  of  r^'  in  the  linal  grouping  (■ 

derive: — 

—  ".27  sin  a  —  ".OS  cos  a. 

Examination  of  Wn  50  and  Wn  04  shows  that  they  are  in  need  of  a  similar  cor- 
rection; and  the  separation  into  zones  renders  it  highly  piol)ablo  that  this  correction 
is  almost  equally  applicable  to  all  limits  of  declination. 


tl 

I 


4 » i 
it! 


!-• 


528  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

For  Wn  56,  we  have : — 


|122 


and  for  Wn  64, 


—  ".IG  sin  a -".19  cos  a; 

—  ".22  sin  a  -  ",12  cos  a. 


The  same  form  of  correction  is  indicated  in  Wn  70. 

It  is  undoubtedly  real  and  sensibly  constant  for  the  Washington  mural  circle 
throughout  the  period  of  its  use.  From  the  combined  residuals  (—  3(P  to  +  90°)  of 
Wn  47,  56,  and  64,  we  have: — 

-  (".21  ±  ".03)  sin  a  —  (".12  i  ".03)  cos  a 

as  the  correction ;  and  it  is  adopted. 

It  reduces  the  sums  of  squares  as  follows: — 


Year. 

Before. 

After. 

1847 
1856 

18G4 

144 

858 
179 

101 
165 

From  the  final  residuals  for  1847,  with  »t  =  7,  we  have: — 

^  ==  i  ".74. 

Ce48. 
The  weights  are  derived  iu  the  manner  esplniued  under  Ce  40. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  A 

tt' 

To 

Co 

o 

// 

// 

+  87.9 

35 

+  .88 

.00 

+  76.9 

15 

—  .  15 

.00 

+  70.2 

19 

—  .01 

.00 

+  65.6 

20 

+  .03 

—  .09 

+  61.0 

02 

—  .81 

—  .23 

+  56. 6 

36 

-  .44 

—  .37 

+  49.5 

49 

—  .  51 

—  .58 

+  45.4 

64 

—  .58 

—  .68 

+  39.0 

35 

-1.19 

—  .88 

+  32.6 

16 

-  .71 

—  .86 

+  27.  H 

58 

—  .78 

—  .75 

+  21.3 

60 

—  .42 

—  .41 

+  14.5 

82 

—  .02 

—  .09 

+    9.1 

68 

—  .02 

-  .05 

+     4.2 

29 

—    22 

—  .05 

—     1.0 

27 

-  .02 

—  .08 

—    8.6 

38 

—  .  15 

—  .12 

—  14.1 

15 

+  .13 

—  .12 

—  18.5 

!> 

+  .20 

-  .09 

—  21.5 

6 

-  .9 

—  .09 

—  21).  2 

3 

-.8 

—  .03 

With  m  =  5,  we  have : — 

i'  =  ±  ".02 

^  .60  is  adopted,  as  explained  under  Ce  40. 


ll-'-'i 


lUOl'OUT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTllONOMEU,  Al'l'ENDIX  II. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


529 


Declination  limits 

Decl  nation  limits 

—  3UOto+90" 

1 

—  30^  to+90o 

Mean  « 

^' 

'■"'        i 

Mean  n 

t' 

r,,' 

/(. 

,        1 

/(. 

/ 

1 

84 

+ 

.07 

13 

r.2 

+ 

10 

3 

ai) 

.lit 

l.--. 

fiO 

.08 

5 

74 

+ 

.Of) 

17 

47 

— 

.09 

7 

47 

.03 

19 

119 

— 

.09 

<J 

53 



.04 

21 

79 

— 

.0-2 

11 

73 

+ 

.01 

23 

35 

+ 

.21 

Gh  51. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  i) 


+  Sfi.fi 
+  76.4 
+  70.(1 
+  CO.  4 
4-  01. 1 
+  50.7 
+  .'■lO.O 
+  4.').fi 
+  39.4 
+  32.5 
4-  27.3 
+  21.2 


'•o 


+ 

+ 
+ 


14.5 
9.0 
4.1 
1.7 

—  8.5 

—  14.1 

—  18.8 

—  22. 4 

—  28. 2 


77 

55 

,5<i 

23 

95 

78 

102 

()2 

98 

82 

147 

147 

105 

218 

102 

129 

110 

.52 

3fl 

48 

43 


—  .10 

—  .07 

—  .25 

—  .22 

—  .14 

—  .17 

—  .15 

—  .20 

—  .17 
+  .05 

—  .04 
+  .15 
+  .28 
+  .23 

.00 

—  .01 

—  .07 
+  .01 
+  .17 
+  .31 

—  .03 


—  .13 

—  .14 

—  .15 

—  .10 

—  .17 

—  .19 

—  .21 

—  .SO 

—  .  15 

—  .03 
+  .00 
+  .10 
+  .18 
+  .  15 
+  .10 
+  .03 

,00 
+  .03 

+  .11 
+  .10 
+  .22 


-  =  4 


fill 

ill  I 


With  »i  =  5,  wo  bavc:- 


E  =  i  ".70. 


Tbere  is  a  trace  of  tUe  same  pecuHaiity  in  tbe  val.ies  of  »•„■,  as  lias  appeared  with 
Gh  45.  In  any  case,  tlio  required  correction  is  so  small  ttiat  its  neglect  is  of  little 
consequence  to  tbo  linal  result. 


J''  <i 


N  n- 


:jl 


i^   \ 


I 


530  I7NITED  STATES  NOKTHEKN  BOUNDAltY  COMMISSION. 

Residual*  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


111'4J 


DeclinntioD  limits. 
—  30oto  +  5>^ 

PecliimtioQ  limitH. 
—  30°  to +90° 

Meani 

t' 

'■"' 

n' 

'o' 

h. 

1 

:< 

5 

7 

9 

IX 

13 

15 

17 

19 

21 

23 

27 

:\s 

47 
25 
14 
39 
60 
54 
27 
58 
40 
54 

II 

—  .04 

—  .14 
+  .01 

—  .15 

—  .20 
+  .00 
+  .10 
+  .01 

—  .20 
+  .05 

—  ..31 

—  .00 

214 
94 

157 
131 
129 
177 
126 
195 
169 
lt?3 
174 
139 

—  .15 
+  .04 
+  .00 

—  .11 
+  .01 
+  .14 
+  .13 
+  .03 

—  .  06 
+  .03 

—  .02 

—  .01 

So  51. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  (1 

it' 

'o 

Co 

o 
+  45.8 
+  38.  6 

4 

+  1.00 

" 

13 

—     .03 

+    .14 

i=2 

+  33. 3 

4 

—     .04 

+     .58 

+  27.5 

33 

+     .77 

+     -74 

+  21.3 

40 

+     .88 

+     .87 

+  14.5 

46 

4-     .92 

-         99 

+    H.7 

42 

+  1.23 

-,        115 

+     3.7 

26 

+  1.01 

+  1.09 

-    2.2 

14 

+  i.r9 

+  1.12 

—     8.5 

28 

+  1.22 

+  1.12 

—  14.1 

15 

+  1.16 

+  1.10 

—  18.9 

12 

+     -f*! 

+  1.06 

—  22.5 

16 

+     .95 

+  1.08 

—  28. 2 

17 

+     .90 

+  1.00 

—  31.2 

1 

+     .25 

+    .90 

—  41.9 

2 

+  1.24 

+     .91 

—  52. 0 

1 

+     .94 

+     .79 

—  59.0 

6 

+     .82 

+     .62 

—  75.1 

3 

+     .28 

+    .28 

Illifi] 


ItKPOUT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  ASTliONOMEU,  APPENDIX  II. 

livsiduals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


531 


1 

!          Decliiintioii  limits. 
—  30-J  to  4-  40^ 

Declliintioii  limits.          ' 
—  ;jo--'  to  4-  40^ 

Mean  i; 

1 

v 

>•,/ 

Mean  a 

V 

ro' 

1 

'        A. 
O.U 

:».i 

.M 
7.1 

9.;! 
11.  ;t 

24 

22 

at) 
:i2 

27 
22 

—  .:i7 

4-  .K. 
4-  .4!) 
4-  .07 

4-  .10 
4-  .w 

h. 

i;!.  1 
14.9 
10. 7 
19.0 
21.2 
22. 9 

21 
30 
19 
40 
22 
18 

—  .10 

—  .07 

—  .:ii 

—  .10 

—  .19 

—  .00 

There  is  an  evident  progression  of  Tq'  with  a.    The  discussion  gives,  ns  the  correc- 
tion to  be  applied : — 

4-  (".2i  ±  ".07)  sin  a  -  (".185  ±  ".075)  cos  a. 

There  is  some  reason  to  expect  such  a  correction  for  this  series,  and  it  is  adopted. 
With  m  =  G,  we  have: — 

±  ".86. 

Ps  53. 
Residuals  in  order  of  UecHnation. 


Mouii  i 

tt' 

ro 

Co 

o 

II 

n 

+  fO.3 
4-  70.7 

37 
23 

—  .10 
+  .18 

4-  .  00 
4-  .  19 

1  =  3 

4-  70.0 

31 

4-. 38 

4-  .2,-. 

4-  (iO.  0 

18 

4-.  20 

A-  .28 

4r  01.9 

29 

4-  .40 

—  .29 

+  r.i!,5 

40 

4-  .29 

-t    .28 

4-  ,-,(1.6 

33 

4-  .Oo 

4-     23 

4-  40.0 

10 

-J.  .48 

4- .:') 

+  liO.f) 

20 

+  .17 

4-.  12 

4-  .%2 

13 

—  .  03 

4-  .0.-. 

4-  27.7 

30 

—  .08 

—  .03 

4-  'ii.r, 

38 

—  .  l."> 

—  .10 

4-  14.4 

38 

—  .01 

—  .19 

+    8.7 

49 

-  .31 

—  .28 

J-     3.9 

33 

—  .44 

—  .34 

—     1.2 

28 

—  .15 

—  .37 

—    9.0 

19 

—  .47 

—  .31 

-  14.1 

19 

—  .10 

—  .21 

-  18.7 

13 

—  .  21 

—  .00 

—  22.  3 

10 

4-  .12 

4-  .12 

-  28.6 

13 

+  .92 

4-.e 

With  m  =  5,  we  have;- 


.•^i] 


II- 


E. 


532 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEKN  HOUNIJAUY  COMMISSION. 

Hegidiiah  in  order  of  right  aaccnsion. 


IlL'Ci] 


Doclinuticii 

liinitH. 

Dt'cliniitiun  liniiU. 

Dnclinntioii  liiiiiU. 

—  IIO"  ti) 

+  :,> 

+  40^10—30^ 

—  ;«Hto  +  90J 

Me»ii  a 

it' 

iV 

rr' 

r„' 

t' 

ro 

h. 

,/ 

// 

„ 

1 

9 

—  .0:^ 

39 

—  .  03 

.'■.9 

—  .05 

» 

16 

+  .;i5 

•.>4 

+  .10 

41 

+  .18 

5 

17 

—  .0-J 

31 

+  .20 

42 

+  .02 

7 

0 

+  .-20 

25 

+  .17 

111 

+  .  15 

D 

;) 

+  .(iO 

18 

—  .09 

27 

—  .02 

n 

8 

-.45 

22 

—  .  20 

a< 

—  .11 

i:i 

13 

4-  .in 

20 

+  .10 

44 

—  .11 

ir. 

li> 

—  .'-'3 

27 

—  .14 

.'■)5 

-  .11 

17 

8 

+  .  05 

20 

—  .44 

50 

—  .18 

I'j 

9 

.00 

30 

—  .21 

48 

+  .13 

21 

10 

—  .10 

:i5 

+  .01 

(il 

+  .15 

23 

15 

+  .10 

5 

+  .00 

24 

+  .35 

So  55. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


ileaii  il 

n' 

I'o 

Co 

c 
+  45.  8 
+  38.  It 

1 
2 

—  ..')(■> 

+1. 19 

" 

i  =  3. 

+  .50 

+  24. 5 

4 

+  .07 

+  .48 

+  2(1. 9 

13 

+  ..-.1 

+  .45 

+  14.3 

27 

+  .30 

+  .29 

+    8.3 

29 

—  .03 

+  .18 

+     3.8 

15 

+  .  40 

+  .18 

-    1.9 

12 

+  .45 

+  .32 

—     8.7 

20 

+  .35 

+  .39 

—  14.0 

12 

+  .,'« 

+  .17 

—  19.0 

7 

—  .07 

—  .  03 

—  23. 2 

11 

—  ..58 

—  .10 

—  28.  f> 

13 

--  .31 

—  .  05 

—  42.  8 

+  .34 

+  .37 

—  51.8 

i 

+  .42 

+  .24 

—  59. 3 

3 

+  .19 

+  .13 

—  78. 3 

2 

—  .  49 

.00 

With  m  =  0,  we  have: — 


i^'=±  ".!»1. 


[127] 


UEPOUT  OF  TIIK  IJI1II5K  ASTKONOMEK,  APIMCNDIX   II. 

lienitiiKils  in  order  of  riffht  aiiceiiHhn. 


533 


Ik'i'linatiiiii  liiiiltK. 
—  ;i(i'^  til  +  .io 


JIuitii  ll 

A. 

1.1 

7 

a.r. 

i:i 

r>.  0 

M 

7.0 

H 

il.4 

i:i 

11.  ;< 

lU 

+  .  01 

—  .17 

—  .Ol» 

—  .:w 

—  .li'.i 

—  .k; 


Pcclinatiiiii  liiiiUN. 

—  Ml    t,i  ^  .10 


Mi'iiii  >i 


A. 
U.  'J 

ir..y 

10.7 
VJ.-J 

'ji.'-' 


1,' 
III 

10 

y,'> 
i;! 

H 


—  .11 
+  .01 

-  .  l.-) 
+  .O-J 
+   .10 

+  .-'I 


If  tlii-re  i8  II  mil  variation  of  tlio  i-orrcclioii,  proceeding  witli  the  ri^lit  aKceiiNion, 
it  is  apparently  of  au  entirely  difleienl  natnre  iroiii  that  adoptetl  for  So  51.  The 
weights  are  small,  and  the  observations  are  as.snnie«l  to  be  praetieally  Iree  from  any 
error  of  this  kiutl. 

Itemluuh  in  order  of  divlinaiion. 


Mejui  (i 

tt' 

'■,. 

(■„ 

c 
+  HO.  1 

o;! 

-  .  i--^ 

—  .07 

+  70.7 

ao 

—   .0.". 

+  .10 

+  70.',' 

0 

+  ..V. 

+  .17 

' 

+  00.  ;i 

4 

+  .:io 

+  .IS 

+  <)■.'.  1 

^7 

H-  ..-.0 

-(-  .  17 

+  M.  1 

I.'-. 

+  .-Jl 

+  .11 

< 

+  fio.  ;i 

r.i 

—  .  10 

+  .10 

+  i.Mt 

:io 

—  .10 

+  .05 

+  :i8.i» 

01 

+  .OS 

—  .01 

-f  ;«.o 

1.-) 

+  .117 

—  .00 

+  -J'.o 

Kl 

—  .O.'i 

—  .11 

+  •i\.r, 

TO 

—  .--';! 

—  .17 

+  11.  r> 

to 

—  .10 

—  .•-'■! 

+     H.7 

m 

-  .10 

—  .  •JO 

+     4.-i 

03 

—  .O'.t 

-  .•J7 

—   i.r. 

r.7 

—  .-,'0 

—  .'J.'> 

—     H.  ,'•) 

iif< 

-  .Ill 

—  .  10 

—  11.0 

:ii 

—  .OS 

-  .11 

-  Irt.'J 

•JO 

—  .  •Js 

—  .  01 

-  '-".'.  y 

•JO 

+  .0'.) 

+  .  0-J 

— .  -.J.S.  ,'■) 

:ii 

+  .111 

+  .1:1 

The  probable  error,  E,  is  derived  from  tlio  outstanding  residuals  corrected  further 
for  the  effect  of  terms  in  a  given  under  Wn  17. 
With  m  =  0,  we  have: — 

!■]=  J,  ",,SS. 

With  a  smaller  value  of  -,  we  should  have  a  smaller  and  probably  more  aeeurate 
value  of  E. 


'*! 


Ih 


II 


i 


1 


534  UNiTKD  STATES  NORTDEUN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION.        (laS) 

lieniduak  in  order  of  right  ancciiHioH. 


Derlinntiiiii  liinilH. 

Dt'c'linntioii  liiiiitM. 

Drolitiiitioii  liiiiitM. 

Ut'clilinlitiii  llniitH. 

-  ;iu^  lo  +  w 

+  40-"  to  —  :i()^ 

+  101^10+00^ 

—  :10"  to  +  iH)^ 

Mcun  a 

7t' 

»V 

V 

ro' 

t' 

lo 

5r' 

!•„' 

h. 
I 

11) 

It 

t-.l 

—  .07 

*>.> 

—  .10 

K) 

II 

—  .08 

3 

a7 

—  .77 

4a 

—  .75 

10 

-1 

00 

53 

—  .1-0 

5 

IH 

—  .(H 

48 

—  .41 

la 

— 

45 

(10 

—  .41 

7 

ItJ 

—  .'ja 

4il 

—  .01 

14 

— 

10 

(ill 

—  .04 

1> 

;i 

—  .;io 

ai 

+  .a.^' 

10 

+ 

i:i 

:i4 

+  .ai 

11 

K! 

+  .  1!) 

40 

+  -17 

aa 

+ 

KS 

(15 

H-  .a8 

i:i 

:i() 

-  .oa 

47 

.00 

la 

+ 

08 

5!» 

+  .oa 

15 

!.'(i 

+  .48 

7a 

-f  .  ;i4 

ai 

a;t 

!);i 

•(-  .ai 

17 

17 

+  .^7 

Kt 

+  .aw 

a8 

+ 

05 

HI 

+  .ao 

li) 

18 

—  .a5 

HI 

-  .  04 

ai 

lit 

loa 

—  .07 

m 

:\'i 

-f  .aa 

"ti 

+  .07 

:i8 

— 

05 

114 

+  .o:l 

2J 

4:i 

+  .18 

70 

+  •« 

11 

(HI 

81 

+  .11 

For  furtbcr  expliiiiatiou  see  VVn  47. 


Ps  50. 

liesiduals  in  order  of  dt'dinatioH. 


Monn  i1 

tt' 

ro 

Co 

o 

// 

1 

e       0 

+  8r>.(i 

a(! 

—  .35 

—  .  3a 

-i-  'Ci.li 

15 

—  .31 

—  .aa 

+  70.8 

15 

—  .04 

—  .10    1 

+  (Wi.a 

10 

+  .00 

—  .13 

+  (!1.0 

no 

—  .aa 

—  .10 

+  .'■.(i.T 

■A-i 

—  .17 

—  .  09      1 

+  ,"iO.  4 

•s> 

+  .05 

-  .11 

--  i.'i.a 

30 

—  .  05 

-  .15 

--  :i!t.4 

a5 

—  .47 

-  .ai 

+  ;ao 

a(! 

-  ..->a 

—  .a(i 

+  a7.(i 

;i7 

—  .17 

—  .30 

+  ai.i 

48 

—  .ao 

—  .35 

+  14.5 

5:1 

-  .37 

—  .30 

+     8.0 

70 

—  .38 

-  .30       1 

+     4.0 

:ia 

—  .  3'; 

-.X,      1 

—     1.7 

47 

—  .M 

-  .33       1 

—    8.5 

43 

—  .  ao 

-  .a3     i 

—  14. 1 

15 

—  .07 

-  .  08      ! 

—  18.8 

la 

+  .11 

+  .la     , 

—  ai.9 

13 

+  .ao 

+  .13 

—  a8.i 

17 

+  .4a 

+  .  no 

After  tlie  furtlier  correction  depending  on  a  (to  bo  explained),  the  ontstnndinf]^ 
residuiils,  with  m  =  7,  give: — 

7!,'=  +  "..t(i. 


1 1  •.')»] 


UKI'OIIT  Ol'  TIIK  CHIEF  ASTHONOMKR,  APPENDIX   II. 


.*):?') 


hini'lualii  ill  oriler  of  right  aHcemion, 


IVcliiiutioii  liinitH. 

—  :w  to  4-  0- 


Mvun  (1 

.'     1 

t 

h. 

1 

H 

;i 

11 

r. 

ir. 

7 

4 

I) 

4 

11. 

10 

i:i 

!W 

1,-. 

1!» 

17 

10 

l!l 

'J(l 

ai 

lit 

iiii 

•.'6 

•v 


—  .ir. 
+  .  15 

+  .07 
+  .70 
+  .110 

+  .:..-. 
+  .','1 

+  .01 

—  .:)r. 

—  .'JH 
+   .01 

—  .yo 


Di'i'liiiiitiiiii  liiintx. 

4-4u^  Id  — :;o' 


;i7 
•M 
ai 

:ui 

40 

w 

44 


.  0,"i 

.  i;i 

.00 
.17 

. ',','. 
.11 

.  ir. 

.  (I.') 


-  .Ill 

—  .17 


Di'clliiiition  liinltH. 
+  40^10  +  00^ 


l:i 

i:i 

4 

I 

•J7 

10 
14 
•JO 
11 


Till'  (l('|ii'ii(l('n('t'  of  »o'  •'"  r\\:,\\i  iiHfeii.sioii  is  iitiiloubti'd. 
I'Vom  the  coluinn  —  'M°  to  +  DO^,  1  «leiivo: — 

4-  ".lltsiii  '<  —  ".07  cos  ./. 
From  tlic  tabit's  oxliibitt'iJ  sucwssi  voly  iiiuUr  I's  (10,  Pn  (it,  iiimI  IN  (i(»,  I  litul: 


Yi'iii. 

iwio 
iHri4 

l.-Oll 

I'driiiiilii  of  coiTtct.on. 

4-  .  iH  sill  tt    —  .  tl.|  cnH  ti 
4-  .  17  will  (i    —  .  OH  CMS  « 
4-  .  10  Hill  n    —  .10  cos  (1 

From  the  proper  combiiiiition  of  tlio  lour  st't.^,  wo  liovc: — 

+  (".-'(>  i  ".01)  sill  a  —  (".().">  i  ".(tl)  fO,s  a. 

ThiH  is  iitlopti'd  as  tlio  (li'liiiitivo  correction  for  eacli  of  llie  four  cataloffiies,  since 

tliero  appears  to  be  no  iiuirked  increase  witli  tlio  time. 

This  correction  iiiifjbt  be  approximately  computetl  in  the  followiiif;  niiinncr: — 
If  in  tlie  tU'linitive  formula  of  correction*  for  tlie  Uecliiiations  of  the  J-'iiiKhnmntu 

soulli  of  +  .">lo..">  we  substitute  'M°  for  (',  we  shall  hove  for  that  part  of  the  coneclioii 

depending  on  '/: — 

—  ".82  sin  n  +  ".07  cos  «. 

II,  further,  we  suppose  that  the  mean  declination  of  the  stars  of  tiie  Paris  standard 
calalofjue,  chieliy  used  for  obtainin<;  zenith  points,  is  about  +.'>t.<^,  that  the  calaloiiucs 
malviii^;  up  the  Paris  standanl  are  free  from  errors  de])endiiiK  on  «,  and  that  llieir 
mean  epoch  is  about  1M'>,  we  shall  have  for  the  ejioch  l.Sdl  (about  the  mean  of  the 
entire  Paris  series)  as  a  correction  to  Paris  observed  declinations. — 

(  4-  ".82  sin  «  +  ".07  cos  a  )  x  l^  =  +  ".MO  sin  «  -  ".012  cos  «. 

Of  course,  if  the  mean  epoch  of  the  catalofjucs  mnkinp  up  the  standiird  is  earlier 
than  1845,  this  correction  will  be  larger, 

"  •  iSi'dioii  VII. 


It-  li 


536 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 


[130J 


Bs  5G. 

Reniduti.ii  in  order  of  decUnation. 


Mi-nit  il 

n* 

>o 

Co 

+  H(i.!l 

27 

+  .;.o 

+  .24 

'=3 

+  7(i.  4 

19 

+  .23 

+  .31 

+  (i'.t..-l 

U 

+  .03 

+  .31 

+  (il.H 

20 

+  .  30 

•f  .25 

-^  ,-.(■,.  9 

17 

+  .  1.5 

+  .13 

+  .-.o.r. 

;i9 

—  .07 

—  .10 

+  4.V(i 

Ui 

—  .93 

—  .  33 

+  :iH.  :i 

20 

—  .04 

—  ..52 

+  :!2.H 

24 

—  .  35 

—  .  50 

+  27.4 

30 

—  .  23 

—  .41 

+  21.2 

34 

-  .71 

—  .45 

+  14.2 

37 

-   .54 

—  .04 

+   t^.r. 

30 

—  .44 

—  .72 

+     4.0 

24 

—  1.50 

—  .74 

—    2.0 

21 

—  .73 

—  .  59 

—    8.4 

18 

+  .18 

—  .30 

—  14.1 

18 

—  .23 

—  .21 

—  1!).:! 

9 

—  .11 

—  .23 

—  22.2 

11 

—  .37 

—  .24 

—  2S.  7 

10 

—  .73 

—  .29 

With  m  =  7,  we  buve: — 


E  =  ±  ".95 
licniduals  in  order  of  right  ascennion. 


Decliniitioii  limit.s. 
+  -i'l-  to  —  30^ 

Di'c'li nation  liniits. 
+  40^  to  +  OO'^ 

Declination  limits. 
—  30^  to  +  90^ 

SU'aii  II 

-' 

}^i' 

t' 

rj 

rr' 

r,,' 

h. 

1 

3 

5 

7 

9 

11 

13 

15 

17 

19 

21 

:    23 

21 
13 
14 
10 
25 
"2 

i? 

46 
30 
43 
25 
34 

—  .m 

-1.70 
+  .41 
+  .!I2 
■!-  .  14 

—  .  10 

—  .01 
+  .28 
+  .  03 
4-  .Ot) 

—  .'JO 

—  .05 

19 

0 

1 

13 
10 
11 
13 
19 
12 
25 
10 

—  .17 

—  .17 
+  .21 
+  .20 
+  .40 
+  .32 

+  .11 

—  .08 
+  .(W 

—  .04 

—  .13 

—  .24 

40             —  .30 
19       i       —1.25 
21              +  .35 
11              +.85 
38              +  .20 

;w         +  .04 

21              +  .05 
.59             +  .21 
49             +  .05 
55            +  .04 
.50            —  .  Jl 
44       1       -.09 

A  considerable  correction  «le|)enilinK  on  «  i.s  indicated.  The  residuals  from  limits 
—  30°  to  4- 90°  give:— 

-    ".04  ><\\\  a  —  ".L'8  COS  '/. 

l!ut,  since  tilis  result  is  enliiely  oppo-sed  to  that  derived  from  t  lie  later  IJiu.ssels 
work,  the  correction  is  neglected.  This  could  do  hut  little  harm,  since  the  observations 
receive  suuill  weight. 


I  (31]     KEPOKT  OF  TEE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMEK,  APPENDIX  H. 


fjST 


Ce  m. 
T^iio  weigbU  aro  fonnt'd  as  in  the  two  preceding  Cambridge  catalogues. 
KcxiJuala  in  order  of  devUnatlon. 


Mean  i! 

I'll 

'-'o 

+  87.5 

;w 

—  .10 

—  ,  aa 

+  75.  8 

Vi 

—  ..')0 

—  .  30 

+  70.7 

la 

—  .51 

—  .;!5 

+  <!5.7 

Tl 

—  .OM 

—  .43 

•f  t;(l.7 

44 

—  .(!4 

—  ..53 

+  .-.ll.'J 

.■iO 

-   .45 

—  .01) 

+    V.K-i 

'2^ 

— i.a5 

—1.  10 

+  45.4 

;{(! 

— i.:ii» 

— 1.3(! 

+  ;«».  3 

a-i 

-1.47 

—1.45 

+  :w.7 

14 

— i.aa 

—1.35 

4-  «.9 

4-> 

— i.ai 

-I.aa 

+  -.'0.5 

w-* 

—  .'.Mi 

—  .'.la 

4-  14.5 

5a 

—  .5'J 

—  .CO 

+     f^.i) 

nn 

—  .  .'Hi 

—  .."iS 

+    5. -J 

K 

—  .  !!(■> 

-  .57 

—    O.i) 

U) 

—  ..".:! 

—  .  .5,5 

—     H.li 

111 

—  .i;h 

-  .,50 

—  i;i.i) 

la 

—  .:1a 

—  .47 

—  11).  1 

! 

—  .a'.t 

.43       1 

—  yi.c. 

li 

+  .77 

,41 

—  2G.ii 

4 

—  .47 

—  ,;i8 

With  m  =  5,  we  have: 


I'J  =  i  ",C(). 
I^csiduah  in  order  of  rifiht  (tuccnsion. 


Di'clin.ition  liiiiit.s. 

1            DocliniiUon  liiiiit«. 

- 

-;iOJto+!M)-' 

—  :UN  to  +iioJ 

Menu  IT 

7?' 

r,.' 

Mean  a 

it' 

iV 

h. 

1 

1 

/(. 

1 

41       i       +  -Oil 

13 

:«> 

+  .  ;f:i 

3 

H        ;        +    .(Hi 

15 

54 

—  .11 

,5 

aa         +  .na 

17 

44 

—  ,10 

7 

a? 

+  .t'l 

li) 

04 

+  ,  la 

'J 

41 

—  a4 

ai 

51 

—  .o;» 

11 

48 

-  ,oa 

a;i 

aci 

+  .as) 

588 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION, 


(I31i| 


Gh  57. 
Residuals  in  ordtf  of  declination. 


Mean  (1 

n-' 

I'o 

r„ 

+  H(i.  7 

4-, 

+  .04 

It 

+  .  02 

f      ., 

+  7C..a 

;«) 

+  .07 

+  .O,- 

tj 

+  70.-1 

42 

+  .11) 

+  .  15 

+  (i().7 

:n 

+  .114 

+  .1!> 

+  (!1.2 

(M 

+  -'-^4 

+  .211 

+  r>(i.7 

;i4 

+  .18 

+  .22 

+  ni.o 

(•(i 

+  .2(i 

+  .10 

+  -ir..  1 

:»; 

+  .10 

+  .11 

+  40.2 

(in 

+  .05 

+  .11 

+  :K.r> 

54 

+  .20 

+  .20 

+  '.>7.  ;s 

!)4 

+  .25 

+  .2<t 

+  21.  a 

110 

+  .;i4 

+  .:u; 

+  14.0 

110 

+  .;iy 

+  .lit' 

+    0.0 

Mi; 

+  .« 

+  .-.14 

+     4.1 

71 

+  .20 

+  .20 

-     1.5 

H4 

—  .04 

+  .17 

-  s.n 

()'•> 

+  .22 

+  .20 

—  11.1 

;io 

+  .:il 

+  .--5 

--  I^■.H 

22 

+  .  4;t 

+  .20 

—  22.  ;t 

:u 

+  .  :k) 

+  .20 

—  an.  a 

.... 

+  .02 

+  .22 

With  m  =  G,  we  luivo : — 

J'J  =  ±  ".40. 

Tlio  same  quantity  for  18G4  i.s  i  ".-1!) ;  i  "18  is  adopted  in  i-onstiucting  the  (hllnitive 
systoin  of  weights.    Mr.  Slonc  lliids  (Montli.  Not.,  29-324)  for  zenithal  value  of  e  -Az  ".47, 

e 

and  this  becomes  ±  ".85  at  70°,    It  is  jn-obable,  therefore,  I  hat  -  is  taken  too        ''. 

'■'/ 

licnidimLi  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Dccliiiatio'i 

limits. 

Declinntiou  liinit-s. 

Ducliiialion  liinitn.    | 

—  •M)'  to 

+  :,- 

—  ;!0>J  to  +  40^' 

—  30' 

lo+9(P 

Mean  n 

tt' 

r,,' 

tt' 

>•()' 

n' 

>i/ 

h. 

„ 

1 

10 

—  .25 

HO 

+   .01 

129 

--  .03 

.1 

20 

+  .08 

45 

+  .07 

55 

+  .05 

5 

24 

+  .01 

78 

+  .07 

109 

+  .08 

7 

14 

+  .15 

82 

+  .  15 

ni 

+  .  15 

>) 

8 

+  .20 

0(1 

+  .00 

85 

+  .OH 

11 

30 

-  .12 

73 

—  .05 

99 

.00 

i;i 

:t'j 

—  .25 

50 

—  .25 

78 

—  .10 

15 

39 

+  .11 

8:', 

—  .01 

108 

—  .02 

17 

10 

—  .45 

00 

—  .02 

127 

+  .02 

19 

24 

+  .07 

00 

—  .05 

134 

—  .05 

21 

27 

—  .  ■')4 

77 

—  .05 

140 

—  .03 

1      23 

38 

-  .01) 

71 

+  .05 

93 

+   .10 

[!33]  KEPOllT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTKOXOMEK,  APPENDIX  H.  539 


0.  G.  II.  58. 
Eeniduah  in  order  of  deoHiiation. 


Meiin  i) 

tt' 

)-o           :           Co 

u 
4-  49.8 
+    14.7 

+  :if'.(> 
+  :!•-'.  9 
4-  :>7.3 

+  ym 

+   14.  .1 

+     8.9 

+    :i.9 

—  0.  H 

—  8.,'-. 

—  14.  1 

—  18.9 

—  y,'.  4 

—  y8. 0 

;t 

8 
10 
I!,-) 

48 
t.'i 

M 

;ii 

;)i 
;i8 

19 
\i 
19 

'JO 

—  ;!.  47 

—  1.!.'7 

.00 

—  .'j;i 

+     .10 

—  .yi 

—  .1;! 

—  .yo 

—  .19 

—  .y;i 

—  .yi; 

—  .:t8 

+  .yi 

+     .17 

—  .08 

II 

^=2 

Tlio  wci(;bt8  of  the  last 
five  groups  mo  arbi- 
trarily selected,  ami 
liavo  uu  reteieiico  to 
tliu      scale     adopted 
abovtt. 

—  .()() 

—  .10 

—  .0.) 

—  .09 

—  .  t.'i 

—  .18 

—  .yi 

—  .y:i 

—  .y(i 

—  .yi 

—  .i(i 

—  .i;t 

—  .07 

—  ;!4. 9 

—  4y.  1 

—  f)'-'.  1 

—  r>8. 7 

—  7r..  1 

<■} 

4 

•J 

(i 

;t 

—  .0]    1          .00 

+      .18              -1-   .09 

-  .:io    1     +  .17 
+   .i;t   1     +  .yr, 
+    .:i(i    j     +  .19 

With  m  =  4,  wo  have: — 


J?  =  ±  "..-)0. 


Dr.  Gyldon  fiiuls  (V.  J.  S.,  X,  15)7)  for  e  iroin  15o.2  to  410..1  zenith  diHtance  i  ".45,  and 

".24* 
hiit  a  slight  increase  to  COo  Z.  D.    Assuming  e,  to  be  i  ^",   =  i  ".17,  we  have:— 

E  =  ±  ".48, 
f(ir  tlie  zenith.    Tlie  above  vahie,  ±  ".50,  appears  to  be  (luito  trustworthy. 
Jknidiiah  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

Declination  limits. 

-  -M^  to  +:p 

4  r>^  to  +  40*^ 

—  30"  to  4  40° 

Mean  n 

tt' 

>\l' 

71- 

'•"' 

7i' 

l-o' 

h. 

II 

// 

.. 

1 

10 

+  .lo 

y7 

4  .14 

;!7 

4  .14 

:t 

ly 

+  .o;t 

i» 

-  .IG 

21 

—  .or> 

r> 

18 

+  .10 

yy 

—  .  19 

40 

—  .07 

7 

10 

+  .yo 

no 

4  .i;> 

40 

4  .ir. 

9 

:, 

+   .10 

yi 

—  .01 

yii 

4  .01 

11 

17 

+  .yi 

19 

-  .07 

:)('■ 

-  .ly 

i:t 

19 

.00 

:! 

-  .17 

yy 

-  .02 

15 

19 

4- .  ;i7 

14 

—  .08 

'.V.i 

4  .14 

17 

0 

+  .04 

ir. 

—  .10 

•u 

--  .o,'-. 

19 

14 

4  .yo 

y.i 

4  .114 

;i9 

4  .10 

yi 

14 

>•) 

ly 

4  ..vy 

yii 

+  .ly 

yi) 

yi 

—  .08 

10 

—  .(i;t 

:ii 

—  .07 

»  'I 


Hr.  Ijyiden  finds   J^  ".yi  as  llii'  |iidialile  inlnimuin  I'rror  of  ii  ilifierence  of 

dfi'iiiiaiKMi.  (ill  :.T    ('  <i.  11  r.-  iv..t.s  .  \,  yiKH. 


540 


UNITED  STATES  NOltTlIEUN    BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


(i;*4i 


KV 


lie  58. 
Reniduah  in  order  of  declination. 


Mt'iiii  i1 

- 

In 

<'n 

'-^2 

+  wi.:? 

17 

t-  •1121 

+  .40 

+  7.'-..  8 

14 

:+  .11] 

+  .(12 

+  71.3 

la 

+  .H2 

+  .71 

-j-  (ili.'J 

11 

+  .7(5 

+  .-1 

+  (il.  1 

•i\ 

+  .W) 

+   .i\-i 

+  r)(i.7 

ao 

+     .V2 

+  .r.i 

+  -*).  r. 

27 

+  .X. 

+  .2:1 

+  v^.s 

l.--) 

+  AH 

—  An 

+  :i9.4 

;io 

—  .(17 

—  .4.-1 

+  :«i.  1 

24 

—  .fill 

-  .71 

+  a7.4 

SO 

-  .W 

—  .  /  * 

+  ai.  1 

■.i4 

—  .(ill 

—  .tJO 

+  14.  (! 

:!-) 

-  .41 

—  .:!2 

+     9.1 

4H 

—  .11 

—  .(i:i 

+   4.:i 

2:1 

+  .18 

+  .24 

—   1..^ 

20 

+  .r)9 

+  .r,7 

—    Kf) 

22 

+  .92 

+  .7(i 

—  1.1. 1) 

17 

+  .« 

+  •" 

—  S-.>.  4 

a 

+  1.1 

+  .:,\ 

—  '27.0 

12 

—  .() 

+  .22 

With  HI  =  5,  we  biivo : — 

U  =  1  ",80. 
±  ".77  is  iulopleii.    (See  Re  45.) 

Ill  (Irawir.g  the  ciirve  I  li.ave  been  luncli  assisted  by  the  very  complete  dis- 
cussion of  this  catalogue  in  Volume  V.  of  the  Vierteljahrsschri/t  dcr  Asi.  Geg.  The 
examination  for  terms  in  u,  however,  fails  to  confirm  Table  IV.,  given  in  the  place  cited, 
aa  will  appear  from  the  followii;g : 

Ecsiduals  in  order  of  right  ascentiion. 


Dccliiintioii  liiiiitB. 

Dcclinntioii  liinitH. 

Ooeliiiii 

lion  limits. 

—  30-  to  +  r.  > 

—  30-  to  +  40-^ 

—  30- 

to  4. 90" 

Menu  11 

t' 

>-o' 

.' 

ru' 

ir' 

»-o' 

ft. 
1 

4 

-1.4.-. 

2S 

—  .3.-> 

.'>4 

-  .01 

■A 

< 

-  .37 

13 

—  .30 

19 

+  .02 

i) 

12 

—  .32 

28 

—  ..M 

37 

—  .32 

i 

0 

—  .  l.'i 

31 

+  .0,j 

34 

—  .01 

S) 

;i 

+  .90 

2r. 

-  .01 

.ti 

—  .  12 

u 

9 

+  .23 

2.1 

-  .02 

37 

—  .2.''. 

1:1 

11 

+  .01 

19 

+  .2."' 

32 

+  .2(i 

i:> 

13 

-  .0() 

29 

+  .17 

4,1 

—  .13 

1? 

r. 

—  .OC) 

25 

-  .X, 

44 

—  .32 

19 

l| 

-  .31 

31 

—  .07 

44 

+  .04 

21 

it 

+  .83 

27 

r  .i'lS 

.*, 

+  ..M 

1 

14 

—  .03 

26 

+  -27 

43 

T  .3(i 

The  correction  depending  on  r,  if  it  exists,  is  so  uncertain,  from  the  small  weight, 
tlial  no  attempt  at  discussio'i  is  madt>,  Tlie  probable  error  of  the  residuals  in  last 
coliiinn  varies  from  4  ".1"  to  4  ".18, 


lia5J  KEPOltT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTllONOMEB,  APPENDIX  H.  541 

Ps60. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  d 

—  ' 

»'o 

Co 

+  Mi.  8 

20 

// 
—  .  l."> 

tl 

—  .  19 

f      ,- 

+  "(i.t) 

i:! 

—  .47 

—  .12 

o 

+   -ll.H 

lit 

—  .Uit 

—  .(!.■. 

4-  (ill.  y 

8 

+  .02 

.00 

+  tiO.H 

29 

+  .  or, 

+  .  04 

+  i'Hi.d 

28 

+  .Oit 

+  .01) 

+  49.7 

2.-) 

+  .07 

+  .10 

4-  4r).2 

27 

+  .2i! 

+  .10 

+  :!!)."> 

20 

—  .12 

+  .10 

+  :i;!.  0 

iil 

—  .19 

+  .  Oit 

+  27.4 

•17 

—  .IKi 

—  .Oit 

+  21.1 

•it 

—   .(lit 

-  .11 

+  14.0 

:,i 

—  .  12 

—  .1(1 

+     St.l 

8(1 

—  .2(i 

—  .19 

+     4.1 

:!i) 

—  .  ir> 

-   .20 

-    1.7 

r,'2 

—  .  i(i 

—  .  ICi 

-    8.7 

45 

—  .08 

—  .  m 

-  14.1 

17 

+  .  Oit 

+  .07 

—  18.9 

12 

+  .  itr. 

+  .24 

—  21.9 

lit 

+  .21 

+  .41 

—  27.9 

l(t 

+  .71! 

+  .02 

The  outstanding  residuals  are  tirst  corrected  for  the  cil'cct  of  terms  in  a,  ns  found 
for  the  entire  Paris  series.    (See  Ps  5C.) 
Witii  m  =  7,  we  have : — 

11=  ±".35. 

Eesiduah  in  order  of  right  ascoision. 


llecliiiation  liniitB. 

Uoeliimtioii  limits. 

Di'cliiiatioii  liiiiit.s. 

D('clinnti<m  limit.H. 

-itO^  t()+5° 

—  itO«  to  +  40^ 

+  40 

^  to  +  90' 

—  itO'^  to  -\-  OU'J 

Mean  a 

tt' 

To' 

_' 

»•„' 

t' 

.•„' 

tt' 

»•„' 

h. 

// 

/' 

„ 

1 

10 

—  .0.-1 

47 

.00 

21  i 

+  .OS 

7it 

+  .Oi! 

:t 

lit 

+  .07 

2(i 

—  .10 

11 

+  .  il2 

It? 

+  .02 

■'i 

ir> 

+  .25 

44 

+  .  ICi 

12 

-1-  .21 

50 

+  .17 

7 

4 

+  .rio 

ii!) 

+  .17 

1 

+  .50 

40 

+  .1^ 

9 

:, 

.00 

:t5 

+  .2i! 

5 

—  .02 

40 

+  .20 

11 

12 

+  .25 

40 

+  .12 

24 

+   .08 

04 

+  .10 

lit 

2it 

+  .07 

:t2 

+  .02 

15 

-  .09 

47 

—  .02 

1.1 

19 

—  .04 

4it 

—  .11 

24 

-  .  lit 

07 

—  .12 

17 

10 

-~  .10 

it7 

—  .14 

ill 

—  .11 

08 

—  .lit 

19 

19 

—  .24 

49 

—  .25 

I!5 

—  .  15 

84 

—  .21 

21 

20 

—  .07 

50 

—  .27 

20 

—  .05 

70 

—  .20 

23 

sr> 

—  .03 

40 

+  .01 

H 

—  .10 

48 

.00 

i 


'SnS 


'in 
I 


m 


Vor  ffcnornl  explanation  sco  P.s  ."iii, 


i 


542  UNITED  STATES  NOKTUERN  BOUNDAltY  COMMISSION.         [I'M; 

Bs  60. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Menu  (1 

_, 

I'O 

(\ 

0 

,t 

II 

+  8(1.7 

38 

+  .21 

+  .24 

f      ., 

+  70.0 

19 

u  .31 

+  ..36 

ir^ 

+  71.4 

18 

+  .  61 

+  .40 

+  <>6.4 

i 

+  .32 

+  .39 

+  (11. 6 

32 

+  .53 

+  .30 

+  .^)C..a 

31 

+  .03 

+  .14 

+  .'.1.2 

43 

—  .  15 

—  .11 

+  45.6 

19 

—  .47 

-  .28 

+  ;tH.fi 

32 

—  .44 

-  .31 

+  ;i;!.o 

27 

-  .20 

-  .21 

+  27.  .5 

.^.7 

—  .14 

-  .04 

+  21.5 

64 

+  .11 

—  .03 

+  14.8 

65 

—  .32 

—  .08 

+    9.2 

83 

—  .01 

—  .09 

+     3.2 

38 

—  .27 

—  .05 

—    1.6 

53 

+  .10 

—  .02 

—     8. 5 

45 

-  .10 

.00 

—  14.0 

21 

+  .03 

.00 

—  18.8 

14 

+  .13 

.00 

—  22.  4 

19 

+  .21 

.00 

—  2H.  2 

19 

-  .25 

.00      1 

1 

The  curve  from  \vbicb  C'o  is  taken  is  derived  Iruui  the  lueau  of  B»  CO  and  Bh  G5, 
since  tbere  is  uo  reason  for  supposing  tlie  two  to  differ. 

liesiduals  in  order  of  right  asccnsivt. 


Declination  liniitii. 

Declination  liniitn. 

Dcclinntinu  Mniits. 

Declination  limits. 

—  30=  to +  5° 

—  30=  to  +  40° 

+  40Oto-r90'^ 

—  30"  to  +  90° 

Menu  a 

tt'                  jV 

tt' 

»o' 

tt' 

ro' 

■^' 

'o' 

h. 
1 

// 
U              —  .05 

47 

-  .16 

29 

II 

+  .01 

76 

II 
—  .10      i 

3 

18             —  .24 

30 

+  .07 

8 

+  .20 

38 

+  .10 

5 

18              +.31 

50 

+  .  16 

12 

—  .08 

62 

4-  .11 

7 

11              +  .75 

46 

+  .40 

6 

+  .60 

r,2 

+  .42 

9 

7              —  .  10 

33 

—  .09 

18 

+  .12 

5). 

.02       1 

11 

15              +  .05 

43 

+  .05 

18 

—  .31 

01 

-    .05       1 

13 

28             —  .28 

40 

—  .17 

14 

-  .  39 

54 

-.23      1 

'5 

18             —  .  14 

54 

—  .  22 

14 

—  .  32 

08 

-.24 

17 

12             —  .40 

49 

—  .28 

25 

+  .09 

74 

—  .  16 

19 

16              +  .13 

53 

—  .07 

20 

-  .17 

73 

—  .10 

21 

20             +  .04 

46 

—  .02 

34 

+  .09 

80 

+  .03 

23 

20             +  .  15 

46 

-    .12 

12 

-  .12 

58 

-.12 

1 

There  is  a  tol<*rably  well-marked  correction  indicated,  wbicb  is  substantiated  by 
I  be  examination  of  lis  65.    From  tbe  combined 
+  90°,  we  have  :— 

-  (".17  i  ".(».!)  sill  a  +  (".(Hi,")  -J:  ".(>;5)eosa 


alues  of  >•„'  in  tbe  limits  —  30°  to 


1137J 


KEPOUT  OF  THE  UUIEE  A8TRONOMEK,  APPENDIX  II. 


543 


Tliis  is  very  nearly  what  iiiigbt  bave  beeu  predicted  from  the  discussion  of  Brad- 
ley's declination,  the  zenitbpoiuts  at  Ikus.sels  beinf?  derived  IVom  a  standard  catalogue 
of  a  niucb  earlier  cpocb,  with  jiroper  motions  computed  from  the  Funddmcnta. 

Correcting  the  values  of  r  for  the  curve  and  the  above  formula,  with  m  =  8,  we 

have  for  IJs  00: — 

J?  =  ±  ".no, 

Me  02. 

Residuals  in  order  of  dccUHation. 


Menu  n 

v' 

ro 

c„ 

0 

4-  4t!.fl 
+  40.4 
+  :i.-'.7 

;j 

1.77 

" 

C          t\ 

5 

,09 

'  =a 

4 

+    .98 

"■■+■«'" 

^1 

+  :w.4 

10 

+     .58 

+  .44 

+  27. 1 

25 

+     .54 

+  .40 

-f  21.  0 

28 

+     .liO 

+  .:!H 

+  14.7 

;i7 

+    .22 

+  .;!8 

-i-  '.*.  2 

:i9 

+  .;i5 

+  .5() 

+    4.2 

22 

+     .75 

+  .74 

-     1.2 

:!i 

+  I.  U 

+  .88 

—    .-..'•. 

24 

+     .«.i 

+  .87 

—  14.0 

15 

+    .48 

+  .77 

—  IC.  () 

11 

+  i.;w 

+  .CO 

—  22. 6 

12 

+     .90 

+  .57 

—  28.2 

14 

+    .:!3 

+  .46 

-  :i4.8 

2 

+     .52 

+  .21 

—  41.1 

1 

—     .Of* 

+  .(Hi 

—  .^)0. 1 

2 

—     .12 

—  .04 

—  51).  4 

(•> 

-    .;iO 

-  .20 

—  75.1 

;i 

—    .19 

—  .14 

The  correction  here  determined  is  applicable  in  addition  to  the  correction  given 
in  Introduction  to  VVilliamstown,  1801-'C3  (pp.  xxi  and  xxii). 
With  m  —  6,  we  have : — 

i;  =  ±  ".90. 

This  large  probable  error,  nearly  twice  that  of  Me  08,  found  in  precisely  the  same 
way,  may  be  partly  owing  to  the  neglect  of  correction  proceeding  according  to  a.  The 
observations  themselves  are  known  to  be  less  exact*  than  those  of  Me  08,  but  appar- 
ently not  in  the  ratio  indicated  above. 

In  the  comparison  of  Gh  57  -  Me  02t  Dr.  Gyldeu  finds  :— 

+  ".07  coa  a  +  ".14  sin  «  -  ".40  cos  2  a  —  ".34  siu  2  a. 

Something  like  this  is  indicated  in  the  examination  below,  and  probably  has  a  real 
existence.  On  the  whole,  I  thought  it  not  advisable  to  investigate  the  correction,  what- 
ever it  is,  depending  on  a. 


m 


•  rHe  V.  J.  8.,  vol.  V,  p,  2H9. 


t/Wd.,p.291. 


i;  t. 


,'544  UNITED  STATES  NOKTUEKN  BOUNDAllY  COMMISSION. 

Rcniduah  in  order  of  right  asvcnuion. 


[138J 


Dccliimtion  liiiiitH. 

Dt'cliimtioti  liiiiitH. 

Ouelin.'xtioii  HmitH. 

—  -.m^  to  +  5" 

+  r.o  til  +  40^ 

—  ;M»^to  +  40o 

Monn  a 

n' 

ro' 

tt' 

ro' 

r' 

>■(/ 

h. 

II 

// 

„ 

I 

7 

—  .17 

19 

—  .Ort 

20 

—  .10 

:< 

11 

—  .20 

:t 

—  .;m 

14 

-  .  24 

r> 

10 

+  ■^>* 

20 

—  .(M 

42 

—  .  ;i;t 

7 

H 

+  .10 

Iri 

—  .1:1 

SO 

—  .  00 

U 

4 

+  .10 

11 

+  .  15 

Irt 

+  .14 

11 

10 

-f  .n 

14 

+  .41 

21 

+  .29 

i:t 

14 

+  .lift 

2 

+  .(iO 

ir> 

+  .05 

1.1 

y 

+  .2H 

10 

+  .'.)2 

19 

+  ,02 

17 

n 

—  .70 

12 

—  .19 

18 

—  .  :io 

ift 

7 

—  .05 

14 

—  .25 

21 

—  .:!i 

21 

12 

+  .:i7 

10 

+  .29 

22 

—  .07 

aa 

18 

+  .19 

10 

+  .12 

28 

+  .  10 

Wn64. 
The  weights  (»')  are  constructed  as  explained  in  Section  V. 
Residuals  in  order  of  dedi nation. 


Monn  d 

«•' 

ro 

Co 

0 

n 

// 

+  87. 1 

95 

+  .10 

+  .10 

+  70. 1 

50 

+  .20 

+  -11 

+  70.7 

51 

+  .27 

+  .08 

+  00. 1 

38 

—  .03 

+  .00 

+  02.0 

4;! 

—  .41 

+  .03 

+  50.2 

19 

—  .07 

-  .01 

+  .'■.o.o 

20 

+  .32 

—  .05 

+  45.7 

22 

4-  .11 

—  .  09 

+  :»8. 8 

24 

+  .08 

—  .14 

+  :):).  0 

11 

—  .04 

—  .21 

+  27.4 

59 

—  .33 

—  .29 

+  21.4 

07 

—  .44 

—  .38 

+  14.5 

79 

—  .31 

-  .  45 

4-     8.9 

80 

—  ..'■9 

-  .  1(! 

+    4.5 

38 

—  .44 

—  .44 

—    !.:» 

40 

—  .11 

—  .39 

—     8.8 

37 

—  .38 

—  .29 

—  i:i.9 

15 

—  .00 

-  .21 

—  18.9 

8 

+  .4 

-.12 

—  21.4 

5 

+  .0 

—  .07 

—  28.2 

15 

—  .1 

+  .00 

Correcting  the  ontstandiug  resiilii.nls  by  tlio  formula  embracing  terms  in  a  (see 
Wn  47)  and  with  m  =  0,  we  have : — 


A'  = 


.71. 


[139]  REPORT  OF  TOE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H.  545 

Reshluah  in  onhr  of  right  aKcmion. 


Decliimtioi 

liniitH. 

Di'oliiiaticiii  liiiiitH. 

IJc'cliiiiitliin  limits, 

Didiniitlon  liinitH. 

—  :io^  to 

+  &'^ 

-;io 

'  to  +  40  > 

+  40' 

to  +  00- 

—  3(»-^  to +  00" 

Mean  a 

;t 

'o' 

::' 

'•,' 

63 

!•,/ 

rr' 

'■(/ 

h. 
I 

-  .no 

."-.O 

—  .19 

-  .05 

118 

—  .18 

■^ 

H 

—  .sr> 

•)k> 

-  .18 

8. 

—  .3(> 

30 

—  .18 

r> 

11 

+  .04 

:iii 

—  .r.:i 

17 

—  .03 

f)3 

—  .37 

7 

'i 

—  .80 

80 

—  .84 

11 

—  .50 

40 

—  .31 

9 

2 

+  .80 

80 

+  .17 

10 

+   .48 

39 

+   .85 

n 

6 

—  .80 

;i."> 

—  .10 

80 

—  .38 

(14 

—  .83 

i:i 

80 

+  .47 

:ii 

+  .■.i8 

:i8 

+  .MS 

«(i 

+   .30 

15 

10 

+  .:u 

■1.-. 

-f-  .40 

Art 

+  .85 

93 

+  .31 

17 

18 

+  .  10 

II 

+  .;ii 

38 

+  .80 

73 

4-   .30 

19 

18 

—  .;i7 

;>i 

—  .OS 

31 

-   .37 

85               -    . 19 

81 

80 

+  .81 

41 

-  .08 

4r> 

+  .83 

80       1       +.11 

S3 

30 

—  .00 

fii 

+  .05 

85 

—  .00 

70             +  .01 

Tbe  general  explanation  is  fjivon  under  Wn  17. 

Gil  G4. 
ReHiduah  in  order  of  declination. 


'      Mean  6 

"' 

1-0 

<',! 

o 

II 

^1 

+  80. 7 

47 

+  .11 

.00 

f       'I 

+  70.  5 

41 

—  ,83 

.00 

+  70,7 

47 

-  .18 

,00 

' 

+  00.  4 

41 

+  .00 

.00 

+  01,4 

54 

+  .07 

,00 

+  ,55.  0 

88 

—  .14 

.110 

+  51.0 

,'■.3 

+  .80 

.00 

+  4,5.0 

53 

—  .18 

.00 

+  40.  8 

08 

+  .18 

.00 

+  38.  8 

55 

—  .  03 

+  .07 

+  87.8 

87 

+  .10 

+  .  18 

+  81. 1 

101 

+  .13 

+  .  15 

+  14.0 

108 

+   ,  15 

+  .  18 

+     8. 9 

188 

+   ,05 

+  .  (15 

+    4.8 

50 

+  ,  10 

.00 

-    1.8 

04 

—  .00 

—     8.0 

05 

-.07 

—  .113 

-  14. 1 

80 

+  .07 

+  .H 

—  18.8 

17 

+  .01 

+  .84 

—  8.'.  1 

81 

+  .85 

+  .38 

—  8^.  1 

83 

+  .55 

+  .49 

With  m  =  5,  wo  have : — 


E 


.19. 


±  ".48  is  adopted  for  tbe  deflnitivo  weights,  a.s  explained  iindei  (Ih  57, 


■ti- 


N  B- 


-35 


546         UNITED  STATES  NOllTnERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

Residuals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


I140J 


Declination  liinltH 

Dccliniitiou  llniiU, 

Uecliimtion  limits. 

—  aooto  +  50 

—  30^'  to  +  40" 

—  30^  to  +  90° 

Means 

t' 

i-ii' 

"■'    !      I'o' 

w' 

ro' 

h. 

1 

U 

+ 

r,7 

70 

+  .14 

114 

II 

+  .05 

y 

Ki 

+ 

09 

37 

—  .09 

54 

-  .01 

5 

2,-> 

01 

73 

+  .03 

104 

+  .04 

7 

7 

— 

19 

08 

—  .15 

77 

—  .13 

9 

7 

— 

.40 

58 

—  .14 

7(5 

—  .02 

u 

21 

— 

.14 

GO 

—  .05 

91 

—  .11 

i;i 

:i;i 

— 

.14 

49 

-  .12 

79 

—  .05 

15 

28 

— 

.00 

70 

+  .01 

lie 

—  .03 

17 

9 

.00 

01 

+  .11 

103 

+  .09 

10 

23 

+ 

.02 

78 

-  .02 

121 

-  .00 

21 

27 

+ 

.23 

G9 

+  .18 

138 

+  .ll 

23 

33 

+ 

.05 

00 

+  .13 

85 

+  .04 

For  remurks  see  Bii  CG. 


Pa  01. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  1} 

t' 

I'll 

(^0 

0 
+  8fi.O 

20 

-  .18 

II 

—  .  22 

'-=2 

+  70.0 

12 

-  .40 

—  ,  20 

+  "0.7 

11 

—  .10 

—  .27 

+  00.2 

8 

—  .04 

—  .27 

+  01.  1 

21 

—  .30 

—  .25 

+  .Mi.  3 

21 

—  .17 

^0*2 

+  Mji 

30 

—  .17 

^^ht 

+    !.-..3 

2.-> 

—  .  33 

—  .20 

+  3;'.5 

25 

—  .  V.) 

—  .30 

+  32.8 

33 

—  .31 

—  .28 

+  27.2 

47 

—  .15 

—  .1(5 

+  21.0 

50 

—  .  03 

-   .06 

+  14.0 

53 

—  .00 

—  .07 

+     il.l 

77 

—  .21 

—  .10 

+     4.0 

25 

--  .29 

iM 

—     1.8 

51 

-  .  10 

—  .21 

—    8.5 

40 

-  .15 

—  .13 

—  14. 1 

15 

+  .02 

+  .04 

—  18.9 

10 

+  -41 

+  .29 

—  21.9 

13 

—  .08 

+  .43 

—  27. 9 

15 

+  1.01 

+  .90 

With  the  correction  depending  on  a,  and  with  w  =  9,  wo  have: — 

E=±  ".37. 

From  Ps  CO,  wo  have : — 

i'  =  ±  ".41. 

Tho  mean  is  adopted,  since  both  series  are  essentially  the  same. 


1141]  REPORT  OF  THE  CDlEr  ASTRONOMER,  APPliNDlX  O.  547 

Kcsidmh  in  onhr  of  rigid  ascaiHion. 


Di 

cliiiiition 

liniilH, 

Dirliiiiitiuii  liniitH. 

Ucolirmlion  limits. 

Dt'cliiintion  limits. 

Mi'Jin  (1 
A, 

-  ;!0O  to 

jr' 

—  30 

■^  to  +  40^ 

+  40"  to  +  UOU 

—  30°  to  +  1)0° 

"' 

r' 

tt' 

iV 

,, 

It 

I 

8 

-  .y:. 

'J 

+  .(14 

25 

+  .11 

(i7 

+  .08 

:< 

I  a 

+  .13 

24 

+  .(r. 

13 

+  .0.-. 

37 

+  .05 

r> 

1(> 

+  .3M 

4.-. 

+  .  i'.» 

0 

—  .07 

r.4 

+  .14 

t 

4 

+  .Oil 

40 

+  .13 

1 

+  .30 

41 

4-  .14 

•J 

5 

+  .i!0 

31  i 

+  .0^ 

H 

+  .30 

44 

+  .li 

11 

10 

+  .'i-i 

37 

—  .(11 

23 

+  .It! 

(iO 

+   .05 

13 

a3 

—  .10 

32 

—  .():! 

14 

+  .03 

4ii 

—  .01 

ir. 

so 

+  .03 

i-i 

—  .  1.'. 

15 

-  .09 

f)7 

-    .14 

17 

10 

-   .(!(> 

31 

—  .  1.-. 

15 

—  .17 

49 

—  .10 

1!» 

13 

—  .or. 

48 

—  .  'J7 

12 

-  .24 

t>0 

—  .27 

ill 

n 

+  .O.j 

3U 

—  .  Ill 

17 

—  .01 

f)(i 

—  .14 

aa 

10 

—  .Oti 

3a 

+  .50 

4 

.00 

3(1 

+  .04 

Tbo  correction  is  derived  iitKler  Ps  50. 


Bs  05. 

Kesidiials  in  order  of  ihclination. 


Mi;nn  i' 

I'c 

f'u 

0 

n 

+  W.O 

22 

+  .'-'7 

+  .24 

*■             •! 

+  7(i.(i 

18 

+  .22 

-f  .30 

+  -0.5 

9 

+  .47 

+  .40 

+  07.3 

1 

+  .'.5 

+  .  39 

+  01.  H 

1(> 

+  .37 

+  .31 

+  .-,.-..  0 

17 

—  .01 

+  .10 

+  50.2 

30 

—  .00 

—  .17 

+  4.-..  2 

21 

—     22 

—  .29 

+  :i;i.o 

20 

—  .  30 

—  .31 

+  3-.'.  5 

2(i 

+  .l'-^ 

—  .19 

+  27.  4 

51 

—  .05 

-  .03 

+  21.3 

47 

+  .27 

+  .01 

+  14.4 

48 

—   .OS 

—  .08 

+  as 

G7 

+  .o: 

—  .09 

+     4.2 

27 

+  .11 

—  .05 

—     l.il 

47 

—  .12 

—  .  02 

—     H.  I'l 

42 

+  .02 

.00 

—  14.11 

22 

+  .20 

.00 

—  iH.a 

15 

+  .  15 

.00 

- 

—  22.  3 

18 

+  .13 

.00 

—  23.  2 

8 

—  .05 

.00 

1 '  '  il 


From  tlie  final  residuals,  corrected  ii.s  in  the  case  of  B.s  CO,  wo  have  (with  m  =  8);— 

E  =  ri  "Ai. 

I  have  considered  this  large  increase  in  precision  to  be  real,  and  have  adopted  the 
respective  values  of  J?,  as  determined,  in  constructing  the  definitive  table  of  weights 
for  Bs  00  and  B.S  Co. 


648  UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.         (1431 

HesidualH  in  order  of  right  asceiiKion. 


Det'liniilinii  llniltii. 

Dfol Illation  limitii, 

DfcliiinlUin  limits. 

Di'cliniition  limits. 

■ 

-yooto  +  o" 

—  yo"  to  +  40» 

H-  40"  to  +  UO^ 

—  30"  to +  00° 

Mi'an  a 

rr' 

'•i>' 

„/ 

I'll' 

tt' 

'V 

n' 

'■o' 

h. 

,, 

,, 

,/ 

It 

I 

11 

-l-.;ir. 

i:i 

+  .115 

20 

—  .09 

03 

4-  .08 

:i 

i;{ 

+  .:^, 

*K\ 

+  .  ;iu 

7 

+  .10 

:to 

+  .wi 

5 

i:i 

+  .iJ 

:i7 

+  .:i5 

7 

+  .i;» 

44 

+  .:i2 

7 

i> 

+  ..w 

M 

+  .:» 

:i 

+  ..!0 

31 

+  .31 

0 

7 

.00 

28 

+  .11 

10 

+  .29 

38 

+  .18 

11 

li 

+  .I'J 

:u) 

+  .'J0 

18 

+  .2tl 

54 

+  .2-J 

i;« 

'M 

-  .  •-•0 

:(8 

-  .  0(1 

10 

+  .10 

48 

—  .03 

15 

!>0 

+  .01 

41 

.00 

i:i 

+  .07 

54 

+  .01 

17 

10 

—  .00 

11 

—  .01 

15 

-  .11 

59 

—  .00 

li) 

i:i 

—  .0,-. 

15 

-  .18 

7 

+  .19 

5a 

-  .13 

'21 

ai 

+  .05 

■\:\ 

+  .05 

19 

—  .07 

ii-i 

+  .01 

ua 

IG 

—  .08 

:i4 

.00 

8 

-  .H4 

ii 

-  .00 

For  further  oxplnnatioiis  see  Bs  GO. 

PsCG. 
Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  (^ 

-' 

ro 

Co 

o 

II 

,, 

+  «.  1 

10 

—  .  32 

-  .  20 

f 

4-  TO.  7 

7 

-  .10 

—  .20 

t,-^ 

+  70.9 

5 

—  .  15 

—  .18 

+  00.(1 

5 

—  .19 

—  .12 

+  00.11 

19 

+  .01 

—  .03 

+  5(>..'') 

19 

+  .07 

.(lO 

+  r.o.  4 

20 

+  -ll 

-  .01 

+  4.'..  2 

27 

-  .13 

-  .07 

+  ;w.4 

21) 

—  .20 

-  .  15 

+  :(•.>.  u 

34 

—  .19 

—  .10 

+  27.4 

47 

—  .00 

-  .10 

+  21.2 

51 

-  .03 

—  .00 

+  11.7 

j-j.j 

-   .11 

—  .  10 

+     9.1 

78 

—  .29 

o'l 

+     ll 

20 

—  .32 

—  .27 

-     1.8 

48 

—  .21 

-  .24 

—    8.5  . 

41 

•     .   *.'» 

—  .19 

-  11. 1 

14 

+  .01 

—  .09 

—  l.-.? 

12 

-  .14 

+  .  02 

—  21.9 

12 

+  .11 

+  .14 

—  27. 9 

15 

+  ..50 

+  .39 

In  the  same  manner  as  with  I's  Gl,  we  li.ivc : — 

E  =  rt  ".41. 
■k  .39  is  adopted,  as  previously  explained. 


I14a 


UKPOUT  OF  THE  CIUKF  ASTIiONOMElt,  APPENDIX  U. 

JicHidiiah  in  oiiltr  of  rijiht  ascension. 


i349 


The  discusBiou  of  correction  is  given  uniler  Ps  50. 

Bn  00. 
Each  value  of  r  receives  woiKlit  one. 

Pesiihtals  in  order  of  declination. 


Ml  mi  (' 

w 

•« 

) 

n 

o 

II 

// 

+  cr>.  0 

a 

+ 

.•M 

+ 

.41 

+  70.  ;i 

4 

+ 

.47 

+ 

.07 

+  71.0 

li 

+ 

.M 

+ 

.71 

+  0(i.  1 

:t 

+ 

.7a 

+ 

..'•>7 

4-  li'.'.d 

r. 

+ 

.  ai) 

+ 

.as 

+  .^(i.d 

I 

.45 

— 

.28 

-i-  riO.Cv 

10 

— 

.58 

.54 

+  4r..  .1 

ti 

— 

.liH 

.  50 

+  ;i!t. 'J 

;i 

— 

.«a 

— 

.  .Mi 

•f  .'W.  H 

.>■) 

— 

.27 

— 

.45 

+  '.'7.0 

fi 

— 

.58 

— 

.-.l-i 

+  '^11.7 

1) 

— 

.10 

■— 

.  25 

+  ir..o 

4 

— 

.41! 

— 

.20 

+    9.(1 

8 

.00 

— 

.21 

+     4.1 

4 

— 

.:i4 

— 

.27 

—    l.:t 

H 



.:!(! 

.  ;!5 

—     8.2 

4 

— 

.  :i5 

.40 

—  11.0 

a 

+ 

.05 

— 

.40 

—  IH.7 

•,t 

.70 

— 

.40 

—  !W.  :> 

;i 

— 

.4H 

— 

.40 

—  at!,  ri 

1 

[+ 

.r,ij 

L- 

.4(1] 

Di'clinntlnii  liniilM. 

Drclllintioii  liinilH. 

Di'C'liiiati<in  liiiiilH. 

Di'cliiiiiliDii  liimtH. 

— :iuoto 

+  6° 

45 

t(i  +10'-' 
-    .08 

4  1(1"  (,,  4-1)0" 

— ao"  to  +  uo" 

Mi'iili  n        ir' 

+  .X, 

n' 
18 

II 

+  ,1H 

ir' 

i-o' 

A. 

1 

G 

(i:i 

.00 

a 

10 

u»» 

4tO 

—  .21 

i:t 

+  .18 

;i5 

-  .07 

5 

10 

+  .10 

4a 

+  .20 

8 

4-  .05 

50 

+  .20 

7 

:i 

+  1.40 

:ui 

-f   .28 

0 

.00 

:io 

+  .28 

!) 

4 

+  .:io 

:i;i 

+  .11 

8 

-    .07 

41 

+  .08 

11 

10 

+  .5a 

'.la 

4-  .21 

10 

-♦-  .la 

48 

+  .20 

i:i 

ua 

+  n 

;ti 

+   .10 

11 

-\  .:i7 

42 

+  .17 

15 

10 

-  .15 

40 

—  .17 

la 

+  -27 

5a 

—  .07 

17 

u 

+  .  :!U 

;i5 

—  .  20 

9 

+  .02 

44 

—  .  15 

19 

19 

—  .11 

45 

—  .21 

10 

—  .(il 

55 

—  .29 

SI 

10 

—   .Of 

4(i 

-  .14 

10 

^  *)0 

oa 

—  .10 

2;t 

20 

+  .04 

;!0 

+     03 

7 

-  .yi 

43 

-  .02 

Tlie  correction  in  order  of  rtecliinition,  n.s  well  as  riglit  ascension,  appears  to  re 
l»roduee  in  proper  proportion  and  with  opposite  signs  the  peculiarities  noticed  in  the 
correction  for  Bradley's  declinations. 


\n> 


I 

! 

I-   : 


>?M| 


)   I  ,.: 


■•11 


550 


UNITED  STATES  XOUTnERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 

licsiduals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


[U41 


Decliniitidii  liiiiita. 
—  30"  til  +  U'J 


Ueclinntiiin  liniila. 
—  ;;o-  to  +  40=' 


Docliiiation  limit.'!. 
+  .10°  to  +  <M^ 


Sli'iin  a 


h. 
1 
3 
5 
7 
0 

U 

la 

15 
17 

19 

ai 

23 


0 

—  .  .w 

»j 

+  .•-',-. 

M 

+  .i;i 

a 

+  .CO 

2 

-1-  .0.') 

4 

+  .07 

3 

—  . .').'» 

1 

—  .  ;;o 

2 

-    .04 

1 

+  .10 

4 

—  .10 

7t' 


—  .'-0 
+  .1(7 
+  .07 
+  .IS 
+  .o:i 
+  ..W 

.00 

—  .1.') 

—  .'0 

—  .:u 


.Oti 


+  .14 

+  .10 
+  .OS 


—  .:!;i 

+  .-J-, 

—  .;!0 

—  .14 

)0 

m 

-  .03 


+ 


Tlio  •■l'»'..i''iii'rii  stars"  wrro  icdiit'tMl  on  other  ])riiicipli's  tli:iii  tlioso  .tdoptrd  for  tho 
zone  —  30°  to  +  10°.  Ai};eliiiid(iliii.s  niveii  (in  Volume  VI.  of  the  ]'.  J.  S.  dcr  Ast.  Gcs., 
p.  100)  the  le.siilts  of  ii  \eiy  ci. refill  eonipaiison  of  the  difleience  of  ileelintitiou  between 
Gh  01  anil  l!ii  00.     He  liiids  (p.  1 1 1,  ihld)  for  tho  zone  —  i\{)°  to  +  lOO;— 

(1 1   —  ".  |J,1  +   l".ai;5  sin  a  —  0".L'Ol  cos  a, 

as  tho  djfl'erence  "(Jr.  —  Ijoiiii.  From  the  abovo  table,  deelinatioii  limits— 30°  to 
+  40°,  1  I'uU  :— 

{'_')  -I- 0".;500.'<in';  —  0".iril«)sa, 

as  the  correction  to  I>n  CO.  This  eoineidciice  between  the  peiiodic  term.s  of  (1)  and  (2) 
tends  to  prove  that  the  dis('rei)aney  lietween  Gh  04  and  JUii  00  ir-  almost  wholly  due  to 
error  of  the  latter. 

Talcinf;  the  mean  epoch  of  'he  catahifjiies  n|Miii  whicli  are  ba.sed  the  declinations  of 
Wolfei's  Tdhiilw  lialinlionitm  (also  Berlin  Julnbiuli,  on  s'  hieh  Argelaiider's  (ISOO)  decli- 
nations are  founded)  to  be  1832,  and  nssumiii};  llieir  mean  to  be  practically  free  from 
error,  iiroeeediiit;  aecordiiifj  to  lijiht  a-icension,  we  shall  have  as  the  correction  to  these 
declinations  (Jkriin  Jahilnicli)  lor  ISOO,  and  lor  +  20"  declination: — 

i^:  X  (-1-  ".."■!  sin  a  +  ".17  COS  a)  ==  +  ".37  sin  a  +  ".00  cos  a* 

Considering  the  a  cat  incertainty  of  the  individual  positions  of  Wolfer's  catalo};ue 
for  ISOO,  this  may  l)e  re;,Mideil  as  a  very  fair  appro.ximatioi.  to  (2),  which  is  adopted  as 
the  diliiiitive  correcliMi  i-ir  the  zone  —  30°  to  +40°.  The  Northern  stars  appear  to 
ie(|uire  no  such  correct  ion. 

With  m  =8,  we  hav  •  :— 

£  =  i  ".31. 


■  Argoliiiulii  Uiuln  (V.  .1.  S.,  Vol.  v.,  ji.  1 10.)  Gr.  ItUl  —  Wollci'.s^;:  -f  0".475  i^lii  (<i  —  2°  titf.) 


:;:r" 


fl45] 


KEPOUT  OF  TUE  CHIEF  AST1!0^•0ME1^,  APPENDIX  H. 


551 


Iff  CO. 

Owiii}?  to  the  exlroiiio  iiticiTtiiiiity  of  llic  iiidiviiliial  corrt'ctions,  tlie  eoiiipaiinoiis 
■\vitli  <l('tiiiiiivt'  ciirvi's  arc  of  liUlc  iiiteicst,  and  for  ('oiivciiicnci'  tlicy  are  lien'  oaiitti'd. 
Tlio  rc'sidi'.al.s  wero  all  jiloUi'd  on  a  singlt'  ^<ll^■l't,  so  that  pi'culiaritii's  coiiinion  to  all  the 
years  were  «;.i;iiiy  uetccted. 

Residuals  in  order  of  declination. 


!?! 


Ke  6-i. 

Ki!  o:t. 

lie  04. 

lie  05. 

Ifc  00. 

IJi'  07. 

lie  C-'. 

Re  09. 

Mi'an.l 

k' 

'•o 

tt' 

<•() 

tt' 

'•o 



I'o 

.'j      ,-,. 

-  1      '■„ 

1 

n'  !      I'o 

tr' 

1-0 

o 

II 

II 

II 

„ 

// 

It 

i       I, 

,1 

+  « 

■M 

—  . '.'.") 

38 

—  .1-i 

:!i 

+  .;'.:! 

27 

+   .2^1 

22  +  .  84 

21» 

+  .  10 

32'+  .08 

30 

+  .05 

+  "0 

12 

—  .o:i 

8 

—1.41 

18 

+  .:!■•' 

8 

+  .04 

8  +1.40 

21 

-  .01 

17  +  .05 

21 

-  .04 

+  70 

:> 

+  .00 

8 

-  .  &.-. 

0 

-  .42 

4 

+  1.30 

8  +I.3(i 

20 

+  .  15 

28  +  .  74 

41 

—  .03 

+  0.-. 

+  (i-J 

'i 

—  .  15 

4 

+  .;!0 

—1.00 

5 

+  .53 
+  .1--2 

2  +1.  Ill 

4  +1.011 

|| 

+  .07 
-  .  10 

8 '       .47 

17 

—  .4« 

!> 

— i.o:! 

4 

—  I.(i0 

17 

IH 

20 

21  +  .02 

3!) 

—  .  10 

+  no 
+  r.t 

1 

— :i.  Ill 

7 

—  .03 

1 

+  1.00 

3  +  .'.V 
5'+ 1.110 

M 

—  .  17 

23  +  .  :i.| 

10—  .  10 

40 

—     10 

G 

—1.00 

1 

—  1.00 

0 

17 

>.^ 

30 

-  .40 

+  .1.-. 

r> 

— 1.,'->0 

1 

+  .00 

•j 

-i.  io 

1! 

+  1.03 

o;+  .11 

0 

-1.03 

0+1.20 

22 

-  .44 

+  ;;;• 

4 

-1.  4.-1 

(i 

+  .05 

d 

—  .37 

il    -  .03 

14 

—  .  55 

10  —  .40 

32 

-  .22 

+  :w 

17 

-1.77 

l:l 

—  .:t7 

io 

—  .  55 

20 

—  .53 

24  1—  .  43 

12 

—  .  02 

7  —  .01 

24 

—2. 75 

+  '27 

f.U 

— l.:!i 

41 

—  .0! 

;!:! 

—  .00 

:m 

+  .02 

41  1—  .05 

33 

—  .20 

30  ;+    .  12 

.52 

—  .20 

+  s-'l 

i\ 

—  L.'^.l 

W 

-1.  15 

:w 

—  .  48 

27 

+  .14 

41 

—    .  'HI 

38 

-  .51 

31  +  .  12 

34 

-  .37 

+  K' 

M 

--1.7rt 

DO 

-i.;w 

24 

—  .48 

43 

—  .40 

44 

—  .i-a 

38 

-.20 

37  —  .  15 

54 

-  .05 

+    i) 

fiO 

-l.W) 

o:i 

-1.10 

;i:t 

—  .4'.» 

54 

-  .41 

52 

—  1.20 

40 

-  .08 

20  +  .  07 

54 

—  ,55 

+    4 

:!o 

-1.  (4 

:i;8 

—  .:!7 

24 

+  .  41! 

20 

-  .10 

10 

—  .07 

12 

—  1.80 

10  —1.14 

18 

—  ..'■:8 

—    1 

;ii 

—  .b.') 

40 

+  .15 

24 

+  .07 

23 

+  .22 

211 

-I.  iO 

14 

—  .07 

15  --  .71 

27 

—  .70 

—     H 

:m 

—  .01 

;ii 

*>^ 

18 

+  .80 

311 

+  .40 

21 

—  .  50 

IH 

—  .K! 

14  —  .04 

!'.» 

—  .24 

—  11 

io 

—  .:i-< 

18 

—  .21 

8 

+  .58 

15 

+  .55 

13 

—1.01 

I 

4    .00 

3  +  .43 

10 

—  .25 

—  li» 

io 

+  .01 

10 

--  .10 

0 

—  .45 

0 

+  .72 

10 

—  1.  80 

0 

-1.18 

4  —1.  02 

/ 

—  .07 

t>'> 

u 

—  .0:! 

10 

+  .14 

/ 

4-  .40 

s 

-  .i: 

10 

—  1.00 

() 

—  l.HJ 

3  +  .30 

/ 

—  .  ,57 

—  '.'8 

10 

+y.  85 

7 

+  .Ki 

4 

+  ,18 

' 

+  .110 

4  1—2.  07 

5 

—2.70 

3  —  .  Oli 

10 

+  .15 

For  the  earlier  years  the  eurve  of  toneetioii  for  staru  from  +  ,').'JO  to  +  !UI0  is 
!.<.(  'ssarily  largely  ideal. 

With  various  values  of  )»,  I  deduct'  vouyldy. 

1;=  J.  l".L 

From  Ee  7",,  we  have: — 

1;  =  i  ".9. 

The  mean  ±  1".00  is  adopted  in  (brminj;  the  dcfinitivo  table  of  weights. 


1  *> 


dll 


ii 


1^ 


ir. 


552  UNITED  STATES  NOUTUEHN    JJOUNDAUY  COMMISSION.         [I40| 

licsiduals  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


Mraii  a 

ii. 

1 

;i 

,5 
7 
1) 
11 

i;i 

15 
17 
10 
21 

2:t 

1{(^  02. 

]{o  c;i. 

Ko  (J4. 

Ro  05. 

Kc  CO.    lie.  07. 

K..  08. 

It.)  00. 

:i7 

18 

:t7 

27 
'Jd 
'^7 

iiO 
51 

54 

:!i 

To' 

tt' 

>o' 

:r' 

'V 

t' 

<ii' 

-' 

lo'   it'   i-o' 

77' 

»-u'   1  t' 

'V 

+  .17 
+  .28 
+  .13 

—  .28 

—  .10 

—  .05 
+  .20 
+  .11 

—  .00 

—  .15 
+  .10 
+  .11 

II 

+  .18 
-.04 
+  .20 
+  .41 
+  .52 
+  .00 
+  .00 

—  .11 

—  .05 

—  .  48 

+  .1:! 

—  .04 

:i7 

21 

;(i 

:«) 

20 

;i4 

:;o 

45 
45 
4:1 

52 

;io 

/■ 

—  .11 

—  .no 

—  .  IS 

+  .  :'0 

—  .no 

—  .24 

+  .28 
+  .  10 
+  .17 

+  .  ;i4 

—  .07 
+  .32 

:!8 
11 
12 
22 
10 
28 
17 

;ti 
ro 

37 

11 

—  .25 
+  .04 

—  .(.0 

—  .:« 

—  .07 

—  .25 

+  '.V, 

+  ■" 
+  .31 

—  .10 
+  .50 

44 
10 
22 
21 
14 
27 
17 
44 
31 
37 
53 
41 

It 

+  .53 
+  .24 

—  .00 

—  .30 
+  .13 

—  .03 

—  .  21 

—  .  02 

—  .08 

—  .00 
+  .17 
+  .44 

411 
10 
50 
30 

n 

23 
21 
37 
15 
38 
31 
20 

+  .05 
+  .22 
+  .18 
-.43 
-.02 
-.12 
+  .12 
+  .18 

-  .25 

-  ..58 
+  .11) 
+  .31 

33 
21 

20 

;!0 
10 

38 
311 
44 
40 
35 
32 
25 

—  .04 

—  .80 

—  .10 

+  :^^ 
+  .37 

+  .03 
+  .27 

+  .00 

+  .12 

—  .  30 

—  .08 

40 

8 
20 
22 
11 
37 
21 
40 
43 
30 
38 
22 

—  .10 

-.20 
+  .70 
+  .07 

—  ,05 
+  .  30 

—  .04 

—  .00 
+  .02 

—  .28 

—  .21 

—  .88 

01 

18 
21 
24 
31) 
57 
52 

no 

88 
74 
50 
40 

Tliere  appears  to  be  noeoiisistcnt,  wcll-dcfiiicd  corrct'tioii  (k'|)('n(liiig  on  A.  It.    The 
division  into  zones  x)rovt'd  equally  unavailing  for  tiic  dl.scoverj  of  sticli  a  eorrection. 

EacU  value  of  r  receives  wciglil  one. 

licsiduah  ill  order  0/ dccliiialidii. 


Mian  .! 

ir' 

r,) 

'•„ 

0 

// 

II 

+  80.7 

5 

+  .38 

f  .38 

+  70.1-' 

4 

+  .82 

+  .87 

+  71.0 

0 

+  1.20 

+  .00 

+  00.  4 

5 

+  1.18 

+  .03 

+  00.8 

13 

+  .81) 

+  .74 

+  5().  5 

H 

+  .30 

+  ..52 

+  ,50.0 

14 

.00 

+  .23 

+  4.5.0 

11 

—  .23 

—  .01 

+  40,  1 

11 

+  .10 

—  .23 

+  33.3 

8 

-  .  00 

—  .40 

+  27.5 

y 

-  .  40 

—  .,50 

+  21.2 

10 

-   .81 

—  .  55 

+  1.5.5 

11 

-  .48 

—  .  ,53 

+  8.8 

13 

-   .33 

.40 

+  4.0 

7 

—  .35 

43 

-  1.7 

11 

-  .54 

.  43 

—  8,  (i 

7 

.51 

-  ,43 

—  14.0 

2 

^  .  32 

—  .40 

-  1H.7 

3 

.00 

—  .  3i 

—  22.  5 

3 

-   .32 

-  .24 

—  28.8 

1 

-  .  40 

—  .08 

With  m  ■-.  i,  wc  Lave:  — 


B^i, 


[U71 


EEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTKOSOMEK,  AITJCNI^IX  J[. 

Jicsidualii  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


553 


Dcolinntiiiti  limitH. 
—  ;iO"  to  H-  r)° 


Mean  a 

-■ 

h. 

I 

2 

3 

;i 

:> 

4 

7 

•  > 

!) 

1 

11 

3 

13 

5 

15 

2 

17 

1 

r.) 

:t 

21 

2 

23 

1 

—  .nr. 

+  ,07 

+  .2-. 

.00 
.00 

+  .10 

—  .28 
+  .0.". 
+  .10 
+  .20 

—  .  30 

—  .20 


D«clinati(in  liiiiilH. 
—  30'^  to  +40^^ 


Di'clinaiioii  limits. 
—  30°  to +'J0-' 


10 

10 

7 
T) 

7 
7 
7 
10 

ri 
S 


+ 
+ 
+ 


.00 
.  12 
.14 
.01 


+  .22 
.00 

+ ;  i'l 

+  .yi 

+  .07 
+  .09 

—  .la 


18 
H 
17 
H 
10 
17 
10 
14 
I.''. 
18 
1() 

la 


I 


Lu  07. 
Each  value  of  r  receives  equal  wei^Iit. 

Rcsidvals  in  order  of  declination. 


Mean  <l 

•■ 

'» 

Co 

o 

(/ 

II 

+  Hf).7 

f) 

± 

.00 

.00 

+  K.  H 

3 

+ 

.01 

—  .01 

+  (!!).!) 

1 

-i-i 

—  .05 

4-  00.3 

3 



.Hi 

—  .  09 

+  00.7 

10 

— 

.23 

—  .10 

-\-  Ml.  4 

7 

.20 

-  .21 

+  .'il.  1 

13 

— 

.  2.-. 

—  .24 

+  4.'>.(i 

10 

— 

.33 

—  .20 

+  40.0 

11 

— 

.Oi» 

--  .20 

+  33.0 

i) 

— 

.20 

—  .20 

+  27.2 

H 

— 

.21 

—  .20 

4-  20.7 

7 

— 

.40 

—  .2(i 

+  M.r. 

;» 

_ 

.  22 

-  .24 

+   H.r. 

11 

_ 

.37 

yo 

+     3.0 

^1 

— 

.10 

—  .10 

—       'J    ti 

0 

+ 

.0(1 

—  .09 

—    8.0 

l! 

+ 

.17 

+  .01 

—  14.1 

:t 

.14 

+  .09 

Witli  m  =  I,  «■»'  liiivc:- 


/v'=--    I   ".1.17. 


-  .03 

-  .04 
4-  .10 

-  .01 
+  .00 

-  .15 
-  .12 

4  .04 
-4  .10 
4-  .04 
4-  .02 

-  .14 


'!  . 


Tlio  wcifilit  (on  tlip  adopted  scale)  fiotii  tliis  viiluo  of  E  is  t.S  .\s  the  fiiiuliiinpntiil 
iiiid  circ'uriiiioiMr  fliiiH  me,  wiiiiout  doubt,  more  e.Yuclly  detertaliu'd  than  olln'is  at  Lei- 
den, to  tlieni   in  definitive  di.sciKs.sion,  is  aHMigned  weight  5.0,  and  to  all  otheiH  weight 


554 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTnEHN  D0UNDA15Y  COMMISSION. 


[148] 


licsiihiah  in  order  of  rijiht,  ascension. 


Di'clinntion  liiiiita. 

IXrlinalion  liiiiits. 

IXclinntion  limits. 

—  30'Jto+&" 

—  ■M'^  to +  40" 

—  ;i0"  to+UOJ 

Meau  a 
h. 

n-' 

i\< 

lo' 

jt' 

>■<,' 

II 

„ 

// 

1 

1 

-f-  .40 

11 

-  .o.'-. 

29 

-  .01 

:i 

;! 

22 

4 

—  .2t 

14 

—  .02 

5 

*) 

+  .04 

14 

-1-  .0.1 

29 

—  .03 

* 

8 

+  .  OS 
+  .02 

12 

+  .11 

—  .o:i 

9 

t) 

+  -It 

8 

14 

11 

2 

+    ,07 

() 

—  .Oi! 

26 

+  .01 

M 

o 

+  .08 

4 

+  .o:! 

111 

-  .05 

].'•> 

:t 

-  .12 

11 

-  .05 

2.1 

-  .01 

17 

o 

—  ,(W 

22 

—  .01 

:!9 

~  .05 

19 

4 

+  .11) 

ll! 

+  .14 

32 

+  .07 

iil 

i; 

4  .0.^ 

lO 

+  .11 

1(5 

+  .0:i 

21! 

4 

-1-  .:i4 

12 

+   .07 

20 

+  .06 

Mu  tiS. 
licfiii} iiah  in  order  ol' dalination. 


o 

.' 

i\\ 

r„ 

II 

// 

■h  49.0 

2 

r+ 

i.si 

4  1.2 

'-=--3 

4-  4.-..  s 

11 

■f 

1.1 

4  1.0 

+  :!s.(i 

12 

4 

,  r,:i 

4-    .61 

4-  :!2.;i 

16 

+ 

.  ir 

4  .2;i 

4  27,4 

;i6 

4 

.ii(. 

4    .t'l 

4  21,1 

40 

— 

.06 

-     .14 

4  11.  (i 

44 

— 

.46 

—    ,15 

4     8.8 

r.o 

— 

.o;) 

—    .15 

4    4.4 

29 

— 

.12 

—    .15 

1     --    1.:! 

:i9 

— 

,0',( 

—    .17 

■—    H.  <; 

;in 

— 

.21 

~    .20 

—  14.4 

17 

— 

.41 

—     .2,-. 

—  l,-<.8 

i:i 

— 

.(Mi 

—    .29 

—  22.  0 

l(> 

_ 

.4,^1 

—  ..u 

—  2.-'.  1 

17 

— 

.:!;i 

-    .:)4 

—  ;t4.8 

>> 

_ 

.27 

—   .;irt 

—  42.  1 

;i 

— 

.4H 

—    .  :i9 

-  r,o.  I 

,) 

+ 

.119 

—    .:t4 

—  WX  2 

7 

.  ;!6 

—   .u;i 

—  T.-).  I 

;i 



.05 

-    .09 

Wifh  m  —  o,  we  biiv»> : — 

/;  =  i:  ".47. 

Dr.  G.yhlen  found,  from  tbo  results  of  l.SG.T-'j:- 


•  ;■  -^Jiil-M?  +  ^  1<».;203  +  (MMOT  [';i|J:J  } 


This  would  i^ivi>  nearly  rL  "f>  os  llic  piDliiiiili'  oiror  coiTt'sinnidiiij;  to  E  above. 

Ah  it  is  probablo  tliat  in  latiT  woik  (Ik^  iicciuacy  of  observation  improved,  tbe 
value  lor  E,  -J  "Al,  is  adlieivd  to. 
___  •V.J.S.,liU.lV,b.  lU-X 


[149]  KEI'OUT  OF  TIIJ.:  CHIEF  ASTRONOMEK,  ArPENDTM  11. 

Bmdii'th  in  orHcr  of  right  amnsion. 


555 


Declination  limits. 
+  5'^' to— •JO'-^ 


I  Miuin  II 


h. 

1 

8 

3 

12 

r, 

Kl 

7 

10 

9 

■t 

n 

9 

\:\ 

22 

13 

20 

17 

10 

19 

10 

81 

13 

23 

18 

+ 

0-, 

21 

10 

8 

+ 

.10 

21 

.  I.l 

1(> 



.30 

12 

J- 

.  12 

20 

._. 

.  tw 

8 

+ 

.  2.^> 

20 

-f- 

.I.'-. 

20 

.10 

y:i 



.19 

27 

+ 

.02 

12 

Di'ilinnliiiii  lirnilK. 
+  f)"^  t(^  +  300 


+  .  l.'i 

.00 
+  .50 
4-  .20 

—  .10 

—  .10 
-    .02 

—  .14 
.00 

+  .or. 

~-  .43 


Di'clii'niion  liiiiils. 

—  au^  io  +  40'-> 


32 
20 
40 
2() 
10 
29 
30 
40 
30 
30 
30 
30 


+  .11 

.00 

4-  .04 

—  .(i3 
+  .07 

—  .03 

—  .  04 

—  .12 
--  .04 

—  .03 

—  .03 

—  .10 


I'or  fiutber  remarks  see  Section  V.,  couipaiison  of  Me  08  and  Wii  03. 

\Vii  OS. 
Tlio  weigbts  are  adoiited  from  the  discussion  in  Section  V. 
Ersidvfih  in  order  ofdaiinaHov. 


M.-a  ,  (! 

— / 

'■"      1 

Co 

o 

^^ 

/, 

-'r  f>'.  0 

40,-. 

+  .Oi 

4  .01 

+  70.'. 

1-1 

-  .02 

+  .08 

4-  7(1.7 

172 

+  .  1.-3 

-  .14 

A-  00.7 

124 

+  .10 

-  .18 

+  (i2.  1 

79 

+  .34 

+  .24 

H-  ,-.-..3 

no 

+  .23 

-  .32 

-(-  riO.4 

!.-|3 

+  .42 

--  

+   4.'..  7 

81 

+  .35 

+  .39 

•t-  39.  1 

247 

4    .30 

+  .43 

J-  33.2 

78 

+  .41 

+  .40 

4-  27.(5 

41)0 

+  .43 

+  ,48 

+  21.  1 

3;I9 

+  ..M 

+  .M 

+  1  !..'■> 

410 

+  .Ul 

+  .r« 

+    H.9 

,V2() 

+  .09 

+  .57 

+    4.2 

220 

4-  .45 

+  .58 

--     1.3 

330 

+  .70 

+  .:'ii 

—    8.7 

3:1 

1       4    .'17 

1       -(.   .00 

--  14. 1 

12') 

1        -r  ••'■•' 

!       4-  .02 

-  19. 1 

08 

+  .54 

4-  .09 

-  *l.5 

10» 

+  .  04 

+  .7.5 

-  «.8 

lor 

+  .95 

i 

+  .e8 

llu-  values  d' r„  «onUri.a\nVlu.v.i,  veiy  Nvell  represented  l>y  tbo  correetion  d-ilved 
Ml  Seelivn  V.  iX-oni  a  coiiipaiison  of  Wn  Cli  and  -Mo  08. 

Tiie  wei-ht.s  were  eon«trn.'l.d  ..n  u  (lull  *4k««  probitWc  error  was  supiiosed  to  1". 
.t  1  .00.     riio  lalier  value  lor  E  is  adopted. 


li 


55() 


UNITED  STATES  XOHTUKItN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[150] 


IicsiJuah  in  order  of  right  ascension. 


mm 

m 


lit 


DL-(liir,itii)ii  limits. 
—  3U"ti. +riO 

Di'cliiiiition  liiiiilH. 
—  30^^  to  +  40J 

Di'cliimtiuii  liiiills. 
+  40^'  to  +  90" 

Dicliiintioii  limits. 
-30°  to +  90'^ 

Mean  o  i      t 

»o' 

tt'                   Io' 

7t' 

>•»' 

it' 

To' 

1 

3 

r> 

7 

0 

11 

13 

ir. 

17 
19 

21 
23 

03 

!)4 

85 

02 

39 

04 

103 

130 

(>8 

101 

129 

135 

—  .  23 

—  .."lO 
+  .07 
+  .17 

—  ,08 
+  .18 

—  .12 
+  .0-' 
+  .  10 

—  .  I'i 

—  .12 
+  .1-1 

3:.o 

102 

;i07 

2,".0 
230 
327 
283 
351 
251 
290 
23S 
237 

—  .  05 

—  .18 

—  .02 
+  .03 

+  -M 
+  .07 

—  .00 
+  .01 
+  .05 

—  .21 

—  .13 
+  .11 

177 
21 
35 
90 
49 
97 
118 
1^-1 

i:!ii 

113 
219 
140 

.00 
+  ..M 

—  .13 
+  .10 

—  .30 

—  .04 

—  .14 

—  .  02 
.00 

+  .12 
+  .18 
+  ,13 

527 
180 
342 
349 
285 
424 
401 
532 
387 
409 
4,57 
377 

II 

—  .03 

—  .08 

—  .03 
+  .07 
+  .00 
+  .05 

—  .09 
.00 

+  .04 

—  .12 
+  .01 
+  .12 

Gil  70. 
Itcsiduuls  in  order  ofdci  Unation. 


.Mean  i 

T!' 

'•o 

<o 

."•>in. 

+  80.  G 

48 

—  .  15 

// 
—  .00 

—  .05 

f 

+  70.4 

42 

—  .51 

—  .19 

-.19               ,-■'      1 

+  70.  0 

59 

-   .09 

—  .24 

—  .24 

-f-  ()0.4 

31 

—  .04 

—  .29 

—  .20 

4-  01.1 

89 

—  .31 

—  .3 

—  .28 

+  50.0 

30 

—  .91 

—  .  30 

—  .28 

+  51. 1 

71 

—  .40 

—  .39 

—  .28 

+  45.0 

01 

—  .29 

—  .41 

—  .28 

+  39.  8 

82 

—  .55 

—  .42 

-  .29 

+  32.  9 

01 

—  .42 

—  .40 

-  .  32 

+  27.3 

87 

—  .32 

—  .  ".5 

—  .30 

+  21.  1 

90 

—  .  21 

—  .33 

-  .43 

+  14.0 

97 

—  .41 

—  .41 

—  .54 

+     8.9 

120 

—  .  .>.> 

—  .54 

—  .04 

+     4.3 

51 

—  .07 

-  .09 

—  .75 

; 

—    1.7- 

73 

-1.15 

—  .87 

—  .88 

:. 

-     8.7 

52 

— 1.  15 

—  1.15 

—1.  05 

'       -Vl.l 

19 

—1.05 

— I.;t8 

—1. 10 

;  i 

•       —  18.0 

15 

—  l.tll 

—1.00 

-1.25 

—  22.0 

20 

—  1.28 

—  1.80 

—1.32 

—  27.8 

19 

—2.11 

—2.1 

-1.4 

Tlio  preliminary  corroctiou  —  1".17  [s\\\  ^z^  siii  V)  found  from  tlio  fundamental 
and  circiunpnlar  star.s  is  unnsnal;  colunin  '•  Vorni'- is  tiicrelcrc  conii)iiU'd  Ironi  it  in 
order  to  show  it.s  {jonoral  apcenn-nt  wiili  the  definitive  curve.  A  slight  increase  of 
tbe.  eoeflieient  would  make  the  agreement  better. 

With  /«  =  5,  we  have: — 

E  =  i  ".5S. 

Thi.s  increase  over  the  value.s  <>(  E  found  for  Gh  "i  anil  Gh  01  is  most  likely  due 
to  the  error  iu  microscope  micrometers,  lately  discovered  at  Greenwich. 


[151] 


REPORT  OF  TDE  CUIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 

Ecsidnals  in  order  of  right  anccnsion. 


557 


DecliniitiDii  liiiiitH. 
—  ;!Oti. +  ,V 

Drcliiiatioii  1  iiiits. 

Di'rliiintion  limits. 
—  30=' to  -f  90" 

Afean  a 

-' 

'"' 

_/ 

>o' 

tr' 

'■o' 

ft. 

1 

3 

5 

7 

9 

11 

13 

1.^ 

17 

19 

21 

23 

11 
U 

24 
5 
7 
17 
33 
32 
15 
23 
IB 
29 

—  .o-,> 
+  .•';! 
+  .11 

+      KB 

—  .20 

—  .14 

—  .18 
.00 

—  .17 
+  ..10 
+  .0-J 

—  .  33 

71 

33 
70 
65 
55 
(iO 
49 
78 
72 
HI 
04 
59 

+  .01 
+  .23 

—  .04 

—  .09 
+  .0-J 
-j-  .01 
--  .O.' 
+  .01 

—  .0,-. 

+  .09 

—  .03 

—  .2(1 

14() 
4(3 

111 
74 

H-2 
121 

H4 
12S 
133 
110 
129 

64 

// 

—  .03 
+  .17 
-1-   .02 

—  .08 

—  .01 

—  .14 

—  .03 

—  .13 
+  .  05 
+  .11 

.00 

—  .14 

-*x  i 


l!u72. 

The  eorrocfions  for  ihis  series  of  animal  catalogues  are  determined  in  thn  came 
manner  as  tliose  for  Re  CO. 

Iteniduah  in  ordir  of  declination. 


m 


Wo  havc;- 

E  =  :L  ".!). 
±  l".00  is  adopted,  as  ^viuu.slj  explained. 


R 

L-70. 

i; 

■71. 

i        s 

e?2. 

i; 

|.73. 

lltnii  d 

i 

»o 

1 

1 

0 

_/ 

'o 

-' 

»■" 

o 

,. 

„ 

+  87 
+  76 
+  70 

3U 
23 
32 

f  .  21 
--  .(10 
+  .31 

31 
19 
32 

+  .  27 
-  .20 

(-  .38 

"() 
20 
33 

+ 

+ 

.21 

..■!0 
.40 

21 

;>'0 

-^  .20 

+  .03 
+  .53 
+  .85 
+  .71 

+  G> 

15 

+  .22 

10 

-<  ■  .  97 

19 

.79 

15 

+  62 

45 

—  .10 

40 

+  .38 

■V\ 

+ 

.40 

28 

+  50 

38 

+  .33 

39 

+  .  58 

V.I 

-(- 

.92 

39 

+  1.09 

+  51 

.35 

+  .09 

28 

+  .45 

33 

+ 

..|2 

27 

4-  .39 

+  4,> 

30 

+  .25 

21 

—  .01 

19 

+ 

.■\> 

17 

+  .  59 
+  .08 

+  39 

28 

—  .29 

21 

+    29 

20 

+ 

.17 

27 

+  32 

31 

—  .lifi 

20 

—  .23 

20 

:") 

29 

—  .04 

+  27 

.53 

—  .m 

(iO 

—  .20 

50 



,2" 

53 

—  .  35 

-f-  21 

•13 

—  .  r.ii 

41 

—  .U 

41 

— 

.02 

38 

+  .17 

+  1.-. 

51 

-  .04 

51 

+  .17 

•  1<> 

+ 

.33 

59 

+  .22 

+     9 

(iO 

+  .  15 

00 

+  .48 

51 

.46 

00 

+  .31 

+     4 

—  .11 

+  .25 

24 

+ 

23 

19 

—  .33 

21) 

—  .  15 

30 

+  .14 

28 

+ 

.37 

31 

+  .07 

"~  ,^ 

25 

—  .4ii 

-  .04 

22 

-1- 

13 

18 

—  .97 

—  14 

U 

—  .90 

5 

+  .04 

10 

+ 

15 

10 

—  .13 

—  19 
-23 

5 
G 

—  1.04 

—  .  15 

0 

—  .70 
+  .  30 

3 
9 

+ 

17 
32 

7 
5 

+  .02 
— 1..56 

—  2S 

8 

—1.05 

0 

—  .  38 

0 

40 

9 

+  .12 

558 


UNITKI)  STATKS  NOHTIIKIJN    JJOUNDAIJY  CO.MMISSION. 


[152] 


Mean  a 


1 

:i 

Ti 

7 

1) 

11 

i:i 

ir, 

17 
1!) 

a  I 


Hii  70. 


licnidiiah  in  order  of  rif/ht  aHccnnon. 

lie  71.  1  Kr7'.'. 


07 
'.','■> 
411 

:\i 

(■(I 

:to 

07 
71 
0!) 

a9 


ro' 


+  .o;j 
+  .&'> 

—  .yrt 

—  .yi 

—  .(»!» 

—  .11 

—  .y7 

—  .'.'0 

+  .;t:! 

+  .H 

—  .m 


iV 


ot 

17 

:),■) 
4:1 
:w 

.^7 
70 

.V.I 

44 


—  .!);! 

+  .411 

+  .:i7 

—  .(ir> 
+  .-'I 

—  .17 

—  AH 

+  .ii;i 
+  .ti.'i 

—  .'i.\ 

—   .(H 
+   .01) 


r.8 
vo 

41 

;)o 

48 
4.'. 
00 
0.". 
70 
70 
4-J 


+  .117 

—  .  14 

—  .  1.'. 
+  .  1.-. 

—  .vil 
+  .00 

—  .--'4 

—  .07 

—  .  I.-. 

—  .01 
-I-  .0(1 


For  lit!  73  tlii'iv  i.s  an  iipiiiirt'iitl.v  welliiimki'd  cdricctioii  ilcix'iidiiijj;  on  a;  but  as 
it  i.s  not  siippoitcd  hy  tlio  ri'siilts  ol  oilier  .vfiiis,  1  have  tlioii{;lit  it  bcHt  to  omit  tlif 
discussion. 

\Vn  12. 

Tlio  rcsiduai.s  are  computed  from  \\w  stariduTd  jilacrs  for  eacli  year,  in  tbo  dis- 
cussion, -  =3  is  assumed. 

Ilmiduiih  ill  order  of  declinatiot 
D1X"I,INATI0N  StUJ  POLO. 


Wn  70 

AV 

i71-2. 

A\ 

11 7;). 

\Vn  74." 

Mean  (! 

1 

n' 

ro 

'0 

rr' 

» 

0         1        t'u 

n' 

ro 

( 

0 

n' 

I'O 

Co 

0 

„ 

// 

// 

7.'i 

r, 

14 

-  .  10 

+  .r.7 

00 

00 

ly 

+ 

.0:1 
.(III 

00 
00 

H 
19 

4-    _  .'. 

7 



.:!0 

00 

+  .no    -\   .li- 

S7 

yl 

+  .07 

00 

no 

+ 

.  y4 

00 

27 

to 

00 

■M 

+  .70    +  .yi 

AllOVK  I'OI 

a:. 

+  H7 

•27 

+  .ly 

00 

;iO 

_ 

.  I'.'.l 

no 

yo 

+ 

yo 

00 

XI 

—     .24 

—  .21 

+  70 

10 

+     .14 

(10 

t* 

+ 

.:i4 

00 

4 

+ 

yo 

+ 

.oy 

18 

—     .  II.S 

—  .yo 

+  70 

12 

—   ..^o 

1(1 

0 

.o:( 

(III 

0 

yo 

+ 

.114 

14 

—     .  19 

—  .n:t 

-f  O.'i 

•jy 

—    .09 

00 

y;i 

+ 

.  1.'. 

00 

10 

^■ 

111 

+ 

.117 

III 

—     .4-' 

—  .41 

+  r,(i 

5 

+   .  oy 

(III 

•t 

+  : 

.  l'.» 

—  .  04 

t 

10 

+ 

.1:1 

111 

—     .72 

—  .  ;).> 

+  .^.0 

2.^ 

—    .4.-. 

—  .00 

y4 

.111 

—  .10 

i:i 

+ 

:!0 

+ 

.H 

yi 

-     .  4.-I 

—  .112 

+  40 

n, 

—   .4:. 

—   .(W 

H 

+ 

.  II'.) 

—  .  1.-. 

10 

1:. 

+ 

.  y:i 

yii 

—   .7y 

—  .07 

+  :u) 

U'J 

-f     .  00 

—  .11 

;iy 

.  y.'» 

-  .y:i 

:ty 

+ 

:!- 

+ 

.  :iy 

44 

—     .70 

—  .74 

+  -M 

1) 

—     .H 

—  .i;i 

1:1 

— 

.  00 

—  .y.s 

1:1 

+ 

I.'. 

+ 

.41 

I.-. 

—   .  r>8 

—  .  79 

+  5.-7 

.'■)4 

—     .14 

—  .  1.'. 

0'.) 



.  ;i.-. 

—  .lit 

Ul 

+ 

T.I 

+ 

.  49 

on 

—     .91 

—  .I--.: 

+  yl 

f,0 

.Oil 

—  .10 

71 

— 

.y? 

—  .  ;m 

.^o 

+ 

.'.li 

+ 

.0:1 

7y 

—     .  8.") 

-  .84 

+   1« 

41 

—    .:io 

—  .10 

70 

— 

.5:1 

—  .  :i;i 

M 

+ 

l.ll 

+ 

.'0 

71! 

—     .09 

—  .HI 

+     1) 

07 

—   .y7 

—  .  10 

■J 

— 

.  yo 

—  .;ty 

o:t 

+ 

4" 

+ 

.  •'! 

9.'. 

—     .04 

—  .70 

+     4 

•*u 

-f    .i;i 

—  .14 

•.'••J 

_ 

.00 

—  .:ii 

;t:l 

+ 

HI 

+ 

.  ,'i9 

411 

—     .87 

—  .70 

—     1 

4(i 

+   .oy 

—  .  00 

."i() 

— 

.  yj 

—  .:;o 

:)7 

+ 

.M 

+ 

.0:! 

40 

—     .74 

—   .8.1 

—     H.  i'l 

:i7 

+     .Ort 

—  .oy 

00 

— 

.40 

—  .y-* 

49 

+ 

70 

+ 

.  7.'> 

.Ml 

—  1   09 

—   .H,l 

—  14 

10 

+     .04 

oil 

y:! 



.09 

.Of, 

HI 

+ 

Ml 

+ 

.1-4 

yo 

-   1.18 

-   .78 

—  i;» 

0 

—   .  no 

00 

11 



.4:1 

—  .y;i 

8 

+  1 

r»7 

+ 

.  !iy 

ly 

-    .  no 

-  .07 

—  2-i 

14 

+     .41 

00 

1:1 

— 

.24 

—  .yy 

ly 

+  1 

Hi 

+ 

.M 

10 

—     .78 

—  .  Oil 

—  ys 

i;i 

—   .yi 

00 

i.-i 

— 

.  00 

—   .20 

11 

+ 

.'ly 

+ 

.1 

IH 

—    .  ny 

—  .4,') 

—  ;i4 

1 

—  1.3 

u 

+ 

.0 

0 

+  i.i 

Seo  cxiilaiialidii,  p.  157. 


[ir.;i]        im;p()ut  of  tiik  cuikf  AaxuoNOMEU,  ati'kxdix  ii.        ofjO 

Till!  probable  error  is  derived  by  coinpiu  iiig  tlio  corrocti'd  rt'HidimlH  (collected  as 
Olio  lor  each  star)  with  the  standard  J'5'. 
With  m  =  l,  we  have: — 

IJ  =  :t  ".« t. 

Takiiiy  c  as  found  in  Section  V.,  and  c,  as  toniid  Ibr  Wn  (iS  in  the  Name  section,  we 
have: — 

!■;  =  -1   Vr-il)-  +  (.L'.-./  =  1  ".7-1. 

The  af^reenient  is  far  from  satisfactoi.v.    The  former  iisiilt,  L  ".81,  is  adopted. 
The  combined  resnlts  of  all  the  ^ears  are  next  arranged  in  order  of  riylii  ascen- 
sion. 

licxiditals  in  order  uf  rhjiil  ancciisinn. 


l)<; 

cMnatioM 

liiiiilH. 

|ji;(!lill: 

lion  litnitN. 

D(.'('liiii 

lion  liniilH. 

Ui'i'llniilion  llinilH. 

' 

-  'MO  to 

H-50 

t' 

to +  40' 

// 

+  40 

^to+yu-' 

—  ;iu^ 

to  +  00 ' 

Mean  u 

jt' 

'■"' 

.' 

n 

h. 

/, 

„ 

1 

.•i9 

4-  .:M 

UV> 

+  .  If. 

H8 

+  .:i7 

y^-'.i 

+  .2.-. 

;i 

15 

+  AM 

40 

—   .  1H 

:i,". 

-  .07 

!'0 

--    .  10 

r> 

04 

—   ,  II.) 

101) 

-1-    .2:1 

24 

+  .2.-. 

107 

+  .04 

7 

:t:j 

+ .  I,--. 

ll'.l 

+    .(..-. 

4i 

—  .:i(i 

104 

—  .02 

9 

20 

-  .i:i 

HM 

-  .14 

l'.» 

—  .OS 

127 

—  .1:1 

11 

M 

--  .!(! 

i:ii 

—  .Ill) 

;>ii 

—  .:<7 

22.1 

—  .IS 

1,! 

UK 

—  .0,-1 

.'•,;i 

+  .'Jit 

1.0 

+  .  12 

2:12 

+  .tui 

ir> 

H7 

+  .0-i 

IJI 

+  .  Hi 

mo 

+  .01 

:ii)s 

+  .0!! 

17 

:« 

—   .(!.-> 

ii;t 

—  .2'.t 

Ml 

+  .0:1 

220 

—  .14 

I'j 

lit 

+    .01 

MS 

-f   .01 

TO 

—  .  02 

v;>!2 

-|-    .00 

ai 

iW 

—  .41 

ty 

—  .10 

111 

-  .  It 

211 

■  I'l 

23 

G'J 

+  .or. 

.M 

-1-  .-.vj 

27 

.17 

117 

1  .1:! 

As  shown  under  Wn  (IS,  tlie  eorreclion  in  order  of  A.  11.  found  for  thedeciiiia- 
titns  of  tlie  mur;d  circle  is  peitiiliar  to  that  iiistriimeiit  or  obser\  iii>;  room  idone. 

The  followiiif,'  tables  exhibit  the  results  deduced  for  systematic  correction  and 
weight  of  the  various  cataioyues. 


5(50 


UNITBI)  HTATKS  NOUTIIEUN  UOUNDAIiY  (JOMMISHION. 


1 154 


Taiii.ic  IX. — CorrcctionH  io  (levlinaiiovii. 
ni(hi;i£  or  Dr.cr.iNATioN. 


i 


-t-r-O 


+(ir, 

-f(!0 
+.-,5 
+,-() 

+  t,-. 
+  111 

+:ir, 
+;m 

+ir, 
+in 
+  !■. 

io 

—  r, 

—  10 

— 1.-. 

— yo 


— :io 
-  -;ir. 
—40 

— fiO 
-(iO 
—TO 

-80 

— uo 


00  oil 
0()'+.  1 

oo:-(-.'.",i 

0()'+.  :i^ 
(iii-f-.'.i( 
(lOj-j-.  M 

oo'— .  ny 

.0,-)]-.01 
.  •■10+.  12 


(10  .... 

+.()«.... 

+.011.... 
+.10  .... 

+.i:i;.... 


+.  10 

+.1 


_  .r,(i+.  10;  +,o;i 


-l.ou 

-l.'IO 

-t.40 
-1. 211 
-1.40 

-I.H-. 
-l.CiO 
-1.10 

-i.no 
-a.  i.i 
-a.  20 

-1.70 

-i.ir, 

-1.00 

-1.00 
-1.00 
-1.00 


.  00  +.  oil 

+  .  0(1 


+.01 
+.0< 
+  .10 

+.U 

+.  1. 

+.  10 

+.2: 
+.;i:! 
+.4:1 

+.r,: 

+.0' 
+.7H 

+.90 


00 
-.0. 
-.12 


.17 +.40 
.2!  +.10 
.  21  +.  10 

I 
.20 +.111 

.27+.:i- 
.2.-.)-.:ti 

.  22  +.  21 

.  Ill +.  17 

.  ir>+.07 

.  lii'-.oa 
.  12—.  II 

.21  —.17 
.20— .14 

.  ic  — .  10: 

.  40  — .  07 
.  CO  — .  (Ki 
00 


« 


+  .  If. 


+  .l.--.'. 
+  .1:!. 

+  .0W|. 


00: . . . . 

—  .12!.... 

—  .;ii:.... 


—  .r,4 .... 

-.7(i;... 

-  .0....... 


C 


L+i.;to] 

+1.30    .... 

+i.:io  .... 
+i.;)o  —2.00 

+  i.;!o  — i.m 
+  i.;io  —  .-.M 
-l-i.;io  +  .2( 

+  i.;iii  '+  .U'i 
+  !.:'."  +  .- 
+i.;;o  +  .41! 


-1.12;. 

-1.21  . 

-1.  ;!o . 


-1.^1 

-i.;ii+.;i.-. 
-1.:,:,+.:. 

-!.;!7 +.:!.' 
-i.4o+.:i.-. 
-i.(i''+.:iri 

I 
-1.07+.;!:. 
-2.  r.o  4-.  ;i-' 
-2. «:.+.:!:, 


-2.0.-|+.:;2^  +  .CO  '  + 
.  +.  17    +  .(10   + 

00  4-  -('0 1+ 


+i.:m  ,+ 
+  I.2.i  — 
+  1.22    - 

+1.17  - 
+  1.00  1  — 
+  •'•«  ,+ 

+  .H4  1+ 
+  .70  + 
+  ."W  ,+ 


+  .CO  + 
+  .-,0  'J, 
+  .40  .— 


00  +  .;io 

00|  +  .20 


u 


00, . 
00; 
(10,. 


.04;— .2fi 

.14— .;iH 

.27j— .4(1 

.  42i— .  r<'i 
.r.7l— .(11 

.70 -.(-.2 


-.  10  +!M) 
-.22 +K'-. 
— .  22  +H0 

—.2:1  +7.''. 
—.2:1  +-(( 
— .  22  +(1,-) 

— .  20  +(pO 

-.  If  +:<:> 

—.  10  -j-.'^iO 


.  7H  — ,  CO   — .  l.^  +4.'i 

.h:i— ..'•)4   —.1(1  +40 
.  H4  -.  ;w  — .  17  +x> 

.80'— .14;  —.20  +:'.() 

.70+.  17;  —.21  +2."> 

.ri4'+.;i2|  — .  17  +20 

.40+.  47]  —.0.'.  -I-I.'i 

.:i.'i'+.r.o  +.01  +10 
.  ;!»«+•  •>*>       ""  +"•'' 

.47 +.41   -.  ir.       0 
.  110, 4-.  no:  — .  21  —  T) 

.74+.  14    -.27-10 


_  .8,«'— .  0:1 

—  .  0.-  -.  20 

—  1.00— .40 

—  1.00 


— .2,''i— l.'i 
— .  l.'i  —20 

00—2.') 

+.2  —no 

—;!.". 

—40 


.i-ro 
.  I  -co 

.  — 70 

,  i— HO 
. '  —00 


"Tlii.s  corrcnlioii  i.s  siilwrfjiK'Htly  revised  with  tin;  (li'flnilivi!  A."  and  Au'. 

t  rjillii'iiV  rediicliiiii. 

t  A  Kiiiail  iniiiiiH  coiroidinn  deduced. 

IITIiis  eorrectinii  is  considered  ns  npplicablo  to  Dt  HO,  alter  " rormdonea  ullima:"  fji.  !tr)7,  Strnvi'H 
Poi.  Med.)  liiivi)  bec'ii  added. 

•*Tlie  correction  for  S  II  lU  it*  iippliealilii  directly  to  tlio  ealaloHiie  results  as  reduced  with  Young's 
rel'nii'tioiiH. 

t' For  (ho  years  is;);)  and  18li4  corrections  ninst  he  applied  for  defictive  readin;;  of  liaromeler  (seo 
Cainhrid;;o  Ohservatiuiis,  IHli.")).  To  );et  iictiial  corrections  to  ciitalogiiu  results  for  those  years,  the  elite t 
of  this  correction  ninst  be  added  to  tlio  above. 


[irir.j  KHrOKT  of  TIIK  CIIIKI"  ASTItONOMIlll,  API'KNDIX   n.  .%! 

Taulk  IX.— ComctionH  to  declinations— VjODl'mwi]. 
OKDKK  OF  DFX'LINATION. 


it 

n 

5 

•  ^ 
■^ 

i 

0 

^ 
2 

i3 

ft 

1 

1 

If: 

11 

.1 

„ 

II 

„ 

„      \       u 

(/                          f 

II 

II 

» 1  „ 

II 

// 

u 

+1111          0(1          00 

+W'—  .  10+  .01 
+rt(  -  .  5io  +  .  o:t 

(Id 
(Id 

oil 

00 

+  .10 
+  .-.io 

.... 

00  00 

(Id         (HI 

0(1      00 

00 
(H) 
00 

00 

+.yr, 
+.r,o 

+.10 

+.14 

+.  ir. 

oOi  — .  ly 
00:  — .  i;t 
00  — ,  in 

1 

00  +1KI 
+.0H;  +H,-, 

+  .14     +H.I 

+7.-.-  .•-•7+  .or, 

+7(1—  .:t;i+  .(W 

+(!.'•>-  .;iii+  .oit 

00 
-.  ii- 

+  .yo 
+  .yo 
+  .yo 

oo+.oy 
00 +.04!  + 
— .oy+.0(i  + 

Od 

00 

ly 

+.0(1 
+.('0 

+.4y 

+.  14 

+.10 
+.  00 

00  —.14 

(KI    — .  1.^ 
— .  10|   -.10 

+.yi  +7r, 

+.y(i  +70 
+.yH,  .for. 

+(•,(!—  .1.-.+   .1(1 

+.",+  .1(1+  .11 

+u(i+  .y-+  .li 

— .:w+  .10 

—.\:\.       011+.  ;io 
— .:,4-  .;(.-,+.  an 

— .  0."  +.  OH 
—  .OH  +.(l(i 

—.OH +.00 

4 

+ 
+ 

IH 

y:i 
•'(1 

+.yH 
+.10 

—.07 

— .  oy 
—.0.-1 

— .  K, 

— .yo  — .  iH 

— .4y,  — .yo 
—..'■.7  — .yi 

+.  ao!  +(ui 
+.y7!  +.V, 
+.yyj  +r.<i 

+■1:.+  .;iii+  .1-^ 
+  1(1+  •■-'-+  .  1:' 
+:).-.  +    1 1  +  .  u 

-.Cm-  .7.-.+.y7 
— .7.-.  —  .Hi+.ao 
— .M;t—  .(!;i:+.a4 

—.00— .04 

— .  o;i  — .  oy 

00  +.  or> 

+ 
+ 
+ 

:io 
;t:t 

35 

-.yo 
-.  :i4 

— .4H 

-.0.-1 

— .  (1,-. 

— .O.'l 

—.011  — .yo 

— .  HI    — .  10 

— .  H7j  — .  OH 

!+.ih;+i.-. 

+  .40  +.  ly  +10 
+  .Mi  +.07;  +:!-. 

1 

+:i(i+  ,(i-+  ,  1.-, 
+y.'i+  .00+  .17 
+20+  .1.-+  .lu 

.Ill) 

— .  H) 

—  ..iy+.y:i+.o.-.+. ly 

—  .y.'. +.yi  +.  iy+.  i.', 

—  .V7+,yii+.  l',l+.  14 

1             ; 

+ 
+ 
+ 

:i7 
;i- 
:ii) 

— .  no 

— .  oil 
— .  .Ml 

-.OH 

-.14 

— .yi 

—.HI  +.oy'+  .oh'  +.01 

_.  (■,.-,'   +.  |d+    .HI    —.(10 

— .:i;i'  +.  17+  .110  — .  I-' 

+;m 
+yr, 
+yd 

+1.-,+  .^.-1+  .8:1 

+  10+  .41+  .2H 

+  r,'+  .r,(i+  .;m 

— .fiO 
— .  40 

-  .47 

—  .74 
—1.04 

+.1- 

+.  k; 
+.1:; 

+.y7+.io  + 
+.;i4+.o-,;  + 
+.;«'+.  or.,  + 

41 
44 
40 

— .  4.", 

— .yn 

+.04 

— .  yn 

—.1(1 
—.0.'. 

— .  o.'l 

+.  1-+  .!i;i  -.  1^ 
+.10+1.111  — .yo 
+.11  +1.(1'-  — .1;! 

+  i.-> 
+111 
+  .1 

±  ('+  .7:: 
—  .'.+  .  w 
-1(1 +1.1:1 

+  .41 
+  .4i» 

+  .r>it 

— .  (fl 
—.7(1 
-.7(1 

— i.yo 
— i.y4 
-1.11 

+.10 

+.011 

(Id 

+.  :i4  +.  OH 
+.yr,+.  ly 
+.i;!+.i.'-. 

+ 

4!l 
.Ml 

+.yo 

+.  44 

+.:-! 

— .  ;i4 

-.07 

—.11 
-.  i;i 

+.01+1.11  — .:i7 
dii+i.  Hi  — .  :i(' 
(id+i.  ly,  — .:id 

i          1 

+  II 
—III 

-i.'-,+i.;i4+  .7(» 

— •,'(!+ 1.. ',.-,+  .Ki 
--.;.-, +1.77+  .07 

— .  (!h 
— .  .-..I 
-.4 

—  .H7 

-  .4H 





+.oy 
-.  1.^ 

+.1H 

+.yy 
+.yr, 

+ 

+ 

L+1 

.OH 

HI 

•IJ 

+.47 

+.;!:! 
+.  1(1 

— .  yii 

— .  IH 

— .  11 

— .  ly 

— .  0- 
— .  01 

+.0.-. 
+.i:' 
+.y( 

+1.00  —.10 
+1.00  — .  oy 
+i.d'.'  +.y7 

—;io'+2. 00+1.10 

— .:i 

— .yi 

+.  :m 

... 

00 

-.0: 

0(1 

+.y4 

+  .ii;i  +.7 

+  .'.I.''  

+  •'•'•-'  

+    .H. 

+  .  o;i , 

— :id 
—;!.', 
—40 

— -.0 

-Oil  1 

-40 

—.10 
—00 
—70 

-80 
—'.10 



+  .:iH; -7d 

; 

i 

+  .ml — Hd 

±     00 -00 

1 

•  To  tlio  doclinatioiiH  "£"  yoars  IKMi  anil  1837  —".09  was  iidilcrt  bcfoir  ilciivin;;  llii-  iiliiivc. 

t  Aiiplic.ililo  to  (l('clMiatiii:iH  an  iwlucoil  in  thiH  iiapiT  (pp.  y7  tolW). 

tTo  (lii;liiiatioiiH  of  \Vn  IHl.-,,  —  '.y.'i  was  lirHt  addcil  for  iTror  of  aNKiiniril  laliliwlr,  liifnii;  ilnrivinn 
tlii^  ali<,v()  talilu. 

II  Tln^  iMirifctlmi  —  ".4;i  was  liist  appliiil  to  all  iloclinatioim  on  llio  aiilliority  of  latitndr  iliNciiKsion 
mailo  in  this  paper  (p.yO).  'I'lic  triio  iMiiiii'tiiiTi  to  lataloKini-placeH  iH  tliiircfoio  —  "  4:1  +  valni's  taken 
I'roiM  tliu  abovii  tahlii  for  ('i'  4"". 

N  n ;{0 


/N    I 

^'  I ! 


'4  .   \ 


!| 


i 

,1 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


2.5 


1.0    Sf«* 

^^=    i^  Ui   12.2 

I.I  i"*  Ks 


^  |M   ^ 

< 

6" 

► 

Photograjiiic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WSST  MAIN  STrSIT 
(716)172-4503 


\^>^ 
\5^ 


1^ 


502 


UNITED  STATES  NUHTIIEItN  UUUNDAUY  CUMMI8S1UN. 


llftOj 


Tablb  IX. — Correotiong  to  declinatumt — Gontinnotl 
ORDEK  OP  DECLINATION. 


/* 

ll 

tij 

s 

?^ 

t 

s 

6 

c5 

S 

S" 

s 

^ 

i 

3 

,t 

& 

^ 

s. 

J 

s, 

» 

OO 
+.  08 
+  .05 

u 

& 

£ 

& 

a 

ts 

o 

0 

+90 
+80 

"... 



//      1        // 
—.15  —.35 

—.05  — .:io 

+.05   -.-£, 

+.88 
+.80 
+.30 

-  .80 

-  .8:1 

-  .80 

" 

+.30 
+.44 

+.  .'^i 

— .  '.'0 

— .  Ill 
-.  I(. 

II 

+.80 
+.26 
+.38 

/' 

II 
+.08 

+.11 

+.18 

o      j 
00    +'.NI 
IH)  !+85 
OO   +MI 

+7r. 

+70 

+i(r. 



+.  18   —  'JO 

+.31 
+.31 

+.:«) 

—  .31 

—  .:«; 

—  .44 

+.(H» 
+.15 
+.81 

+.(«! 
+.73 
+.70 

-.10 

—.114 
+.01 

+.38 

+.11 

+.08 
+.05 

00    -L75 

+.17 

+.18 

-.15 
—.18 

+.40 
+.39 

00 
00 

+70 
+U-. 

+riO 

+.V. 

+r>o 

+.lfi 
+.13 
+.10 

—.10 
— .  0!» 
—.11 

+.88 
+.07 
—.13 

—  ..15 

—  .77 
-1. 18 

+.83 
+.81 
+  .15 

i-'i.'ii 

+.00 
+.40 
+.80 

+.04   +.96 
+.07    +.(Mi 
+.  10  — .  17 

+.  08 
— .  08 
— .  05 

00 

00 
00 

•fOO 
+55 
+-.0 

+45 
+4(1 
+35 

1  +.05 

+..101         00 

+.:,o  —.04 

— .  15 
-.80 
—.84 

— .:«) 

-.58 
—.58 

-1.40 
—1.  45 
-1.41 

+.11 
+.11 
+.15 

[-i.r.i 

—  .80 

—  .30 

—.18 
—.48 
— .  65 

+.10 
+.0- 
+.04 

-.87 

+.'fiO 
+.46 

—.Oil 

z:i; 

00  '+45 
00   +40 

+.a-i  +:i5 

+;i(i 
+«•■' 

+20 

+.  40 
+■4- 
+.44 

-.13 
-.18 

-.98 

— .-.i;! 

—.35 

—.40 
—.37 
—.47 

— 1.8'.t 

-  1.  18 

—  .h7 

+.84 
+.  33 
+.37 

—  .00 

—  .05 

—  .10 

—.80 
-.74 

(N) 
— .IKi 
-.18 

—.11 

+.04 
+.  03 

+.  48'  — .  85 
+.39  —.33 
+.:t8   -.40 

+.10    +30 
+.  13    ^  85 
+.15    -(-80 

+  15 

+  111 
+05 

+.31 

+.90 
+.  15 

—.83 
-.80 
-.87 

— .3fi 
— .30 
-.ST) 

-.08 
—.70 
—.75 

—  .157 

—  .58 

—  .57 

+.:i8 

+.:i5 

+.88 

—  .  15 

—  .1." 

—  .8(1 

—.35 
— .0>.» 
+.80 

-.15 
—.19 
—.80 

— .  08  +. :«'  — .  45 
—.10   +..58  —.40 
-.00   +.71    —.44 

+.  18    +15  1 
+.07    +10 
—.(18    +05 

0 
—  5 
—10 

+.  40 

+.:io 

— .  8() 
— .  83 
—.17 

-..34 
— .  30 
—.80 

— .(ic 
—.45 
-.  83 

—  ..15 

—  ..53 

—  .49 

+.80 
+.  15 
+.81 

—  .83 

—  .80 

—  .80 

+.51 
+.70 
+.79 

—.13 
—.04 

—.03'  +.87    —.40 
(III!  4..il0   —.35 
Wtj  +.  80   — .  9^ 

— .  119         0 
— .  10   —  ft 
—.00    —10 

—15 
-•iO 

— ar. 

+.1U 
—.(17 
-.14 

-.10 
— .  (I-,' 
+.00 

-.115 
+.14 
+.3;. 

—.8(1 
— .  83 
-.87 

—  .40 

—  .48 

—  .  39 

+.80 
+.•■0 
+.85 

—  .80 

—  .  15 

—  .1(1 

+.79 

+  .0-. 
+  .4i) 

+.1(1 
+.•-'- 

INl'  +.7.5   —.19 
IHI    -f..t>:i   — .  1(1 

(HI;  +..'>o       lie 

+  .14    —15 
+.87   -80 
+.40   —8.1 

— ;»o 

— :«■> 

-1-.  i:» 

+.10 

+.(UI 



—.30 

[-.35] 

[+.80] 

—  .  or. 

00 
+  .05 

[+.10] 

+.70 

00 

+.44    +.10 

+.ai 

+.08    

14.."«>] 

-30 
—40 

-40+.a7 

-5(1  +.  •»: 
-11(1+.  II 

—70       00 

—80     no 

— INl       INI 

+  .15 

—.11 

— ,'JII 

— ...iO    

-50 
— lUI 

1 

+  .87 
+  .80 

1 

—70 

+  .13 

— .  08  - 

—HO 

00 

01 

— !N) 

1 

1 

*  Tlio  correclion  for  rrnir  of  a'Niinivil  laliliidi-,  flpxnrn,  divlHion,  &c.,  ^ivt-ii  in  tlit<  iiilnxliicliiin  t» 
tlio  WilliiiniNtnwn  i'ntnliiK<ic-,  iiiiiHt  »Ih»  l>n  n|ipli('il.  The  true  correction  ih,  llirri-rim':  Curiccl  (in  tiikcii 
Ironi  introilnctidii  Mu  09  +  cnrirrlioii  of  iibovu  tiiblv. 

tTo  tlie  ciitiil(i|;iiu  di'vlinatioiiH  from  illrcct  oliHorvntiuns  nliovo  po1i<  for  1801  nml  1868  wdh  tir^<t 
nildwl  tliu  correction  —  '.08  (+".68,  liclow  pole);  """l  to  tlio  ili'iliiiiitioim  of  .vniist  180:1 -|h|i5  |".  17, 
nccor<lin{(  im  IlicOccliimtion  rmnllH  from  obiiervntianB  iiImwo  or  below  tliu  p<ilt'.  Tliu  uctiml  corrtctloii  Ih, 
llicrufure:  'I'lit-Rv  <|unulitii.B  +  corroctioua  from  above  table. 


1167J 


llBl'Oia'  OF  THE  (JlllKF  A8TKONOMEK,  APPENDIX  II. 


563 


Table  IX. — Corrections  to  declinatioHi— Continued. 
OIIDKK  OF  DECLINATION. 


1 

3 

" 

+.40 
+.41 
+.W 

ti 

.2 

4-  .22 
+  .47 
+  .72 

6 

.5 

s 

c 

s 

e 

// 

+  .02 
+  .05 

a 

a 

r:      R 

S       '       B 
&       1      & 

6 

0 

+yo 

+K5 
+80 

1 

1      o 
+!I0 
+«.'-, 
+B0 

-  .20 

—  .2.1 

+.20 

+.20 

+.:i2 

— .  20 
—.20 
—.20 

it 

00 
00 
00 

II 

00 

—  .oy 

-  .15 

.0(1 
.00 
.00 

II              II 

00         (Ml 
00         00 
00         00 

" 

+.07 
—.04 
—.14 

+7.'-.'-  .20 
+70;-.  27 
+05-  .27 

+.:!8 

+.40 

+.a!i 

-.ao'  +.71 

—.17    +.71 

-.11  +.r,4 

+   .SI4 
+  1.00 
+  .'JO 

-.01 
— .w. 

—.10 



+  .10 
+  .  15 
+  .20 

—  .80 

—  .25 

—  .30 

.00 
.00 
.00 

00+  .02 
00+  .04 
0(1+  .07 

—.84 

— .:« 

—.41 

+75 
+70 

+00— .2.'. 
+.'■>.'■>'—  .21 

+riii-  .2J 

+.80 
+.00 
-.17 

-.01!  +.05 

00  — .:«i 
—.01   —.M 

+  .70 
+  .44 
+  .18 

— .Ill 

—.22 

-.2r.t+i.2.'i] 

+  .at) 

+  .32 
+  .30 

—  .34 

—  .;t7 

.00 

—  .03 

-  .00 

00+  .10 
— .0,-|+  .14 
— .  10  +  .  18 

—.49 

— . »; 

— .  (>2 

+00 
+.V. 
+.50 

+4.^1-  .20 

+40  —  .  :io 
+:ir,-  .:io 

— .  211 

-.:i2 

—.27 

—.07 
-.  1.^ 
—.18 

— .ro 

—.57 
—.50 

—  .01 

—  .2:1 

—  .37 

-.50  [  +  1.001 
-.2(.L+  .07] 
— .2(ij  +  .48 

+  .:i;i 

+  .42 
+  .4,-, 

—  .41 

—  .42 
-.42 

-  .00 

-  .11 

-  .13 

-.10+  .24 
-.22+  .30 
-.20|+.> 

— .  ()8:  +-15 

-.73+40 
—.77+35 

+:io-  .aa 
+2;.'—  .  10 

1  +20—  .U'l 

—  .11 

+.04 

+.o;i 

-.14 

— .(Ni 
—.(Ml 

— .:i8 

=::J4 

-  .47 

-  .M 

-  ..W 

— .2fi 
-.20 
— .2(> 

+  .11 

—  .(H 

—  .  15 

+  .47 
+  .M 
+  .53 

-.37 
-.33 
-  .3:1 

-  .14 

-  .  :r. 

-  .1(5 

—.30+  .4(i 
-..1:1'+  ..51 
—.34+  ..54 

-.8i;+:io 

— .  83  +25 
—.84+20 

1  +1.%-  .00 

i  +10-  .K. 
j  +0.-,j-  .22 

—.08 

—.10 
—.00 

— .  Ki  —.20 
—.24    —.20 
-.27:  -.26 

-  .47 

-  .4:1 

—.25 
-.2:1 
-AO 

—  .15 

+  ..V, 
+  .57 
+  .58 

—  .40 

-  •;:? 

-  .10 

-  .10 

-  .15 

-.33+  .5(1 
-.32'+  .E7 
—.31+  .58 

—.82+15 

—.711; +10 

—.7.5+05 

1         0 

1  —  f. 

;  -10 

-  .  1!» 

-  .10 

—.on 

00 
00 

—.28    — ..Tl 
—.24    —.10 
— .  17,  — .  40 

—  .4:1 

-.12 

— .  05 
+.0:1 

—  .10 

—  .18 

—  .21 

+  ..Mt 

+  .r,!i 

+  .00 

—  .80 

—  1.00 
-1.20 

—  .10 

—  .05 
.00 

-.30+  .01 
—.20+  .(10 
—.27+  .77 

-.  82 
— .  85 

—.mi 

0 
—  5 
—10 

—20 

i  — 2.-I 

+  .07 

+  .X. 

+  .w 

00 

00 
00 

—.07   —.40 
+.07    —.40 
+.2.-1   —.40 

-  .3!) 
-.:w 

-  .18 

+.11 

—  .36 

—  .:to 

—  .:i2 

+  .rt;t 

+  .70 

+    .8(1 

-1.43 

—  I.Oti 

—  1.03 

00 

00 

00 

-.8.5j+  .8(; 
—.23+  .04 
—.21+1.03 

—.70 
— .  (1.5 

-15 

—20 
-25 

— :t(i 
— :t.-i 

—40 
."lO 

+  1.00 

+i.;fc-) 

*H) 

+.48 
+.7". 

[—40] 

—  .05 

—  ,  :tr, 

—  .38 

—  .40 

—  .  34 

—  .22 

—  .12 

—  .05 

00 

+    .0:1 

+  1.0!t 

[-2.20] 

(HI 
(Ml 

-.10+1.11 
— .  17 

1 

—.40 
— .2'.t 

—30 
—35 
—40 

—.50 
—00 
-70 

—80 

-IK) 

1 

—4)0 
—70 

— PO 

1 



. 

i 

i i 

*A|i|>liiMlil<>  to  <li'c1iiinlii>iiH  ilorivpil  in  thin  impel  (MtH'tloii  V.), 

t  .\|>|ilioalili'  to  ili't'liiialiiinn  iif  i>iiiiiiiil  I'lit.itlii^iirH  iil'tcr  ecirriM'tiiiii,  its  cxplniiiril  in  t^^rlioii  V. 

!  Ah  <'X|ilitiiii'(l  cImiwIiitc  tlic  iHini'Ctiiin,  +".82,  to  tlic  dci'liimlioDM  iif  18T4,  miiitli  of  Wii.  »-iiilli 
wiiH  ni'Klt'cli'il  liy  ueviili'iit  tor  Nt'irH  mhiIIi  of  —  12'  ilci'liiiiitioii,  iiiiil  tlii'  viror  tllHcovviuil  too  latr  to  lio 
coirectfd  iu  tbo  biiuciu'iUiik  n'HiiltH.    An  uciually  iiwil  in  ninkiuK  up  tlx'  ildlnitlvu  l'„  of  tlio  iiiiiil  ills- 


:  li 


1  •: 


564 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTIIKUN  UOUNDAHY  COMMISSION. 


1168J 


Taule  IX. — Correetioiu  to  deolinatioiu — Contiune<l. 
RADCLIFFK  ANNUAL  CATALOGUES. 


(1 

ca. 

03. 

64. 

05. 

66. 

67. 

68. 

1 
60.        70. 

71.       72. 

73. 

A 

o 
+l>0 
+>5 
+H0 

// 

00 

—  .80 

—  .48 

00 

—  ;i7 

—  .:m 

+.40 
+.80 
+.13 

t 

+ 

10 
87 

.38 

+  .74 

+  1.00 
+  1.20 

II 

00 
00 
00 

+  .10 

+  .  15 
+  .18 

00    +  .  10 
00    +  .  13 
00    +  .17 

i 
II          II    1 

+.««:  +.17 

+.27   +.24 
+.31J  +.38 

It 

.00 
+.21 
+.39 

0 
+1W 
+85 
+M0 

+70 
+70 
+05 

—  .06 

—  .Mi 

—1.  o;i 

—  ..50 

—  .«3 

—  .73 

110 
— .  13 

— .a»> 

+ 
+ 
+ 

.41 

.40 
.31 

+1. 4:1 
+  1.50 
+1.41 

00 
00 

+  .19 
+  .80 
+  .18 

—.03   +  .19 
— .Wi   +  .20 
— .  12    +  .  19 

+.36   +.40 
+.40    +.4H 

+.48  +.no 

+..52!  +75 
+.67    +70 
+.80   +0.5 

+G0 
+55 
+50 

— l.Sl 

— i.:«i 

—1.49 

—  .81 

—  .87 

—  .90 

—.40 
—.55 

—.70 

+ 
+ 

.03 

+1.81 

+  .  !Hi 
+  .60 

00 

—  .10 

—  .82 

+  .13 
+  .08 

00 

—.23 
—.■10 
—.34 

+  .17 
+  .12 
+  .11 

+.44   +.51 
+.41    +.49 
+.X,   +.42 

+.86   +60 
+.82   +.5.5 
+.70   +50 

+45 
+40 
+35 

— 1.5fi 
— l.flO 
-1.00 

—  .90 

—  .9(» 

—  .85 

-.75 
—.80 
—.74 



.10 
.14 
.18 

+  .47 

+  .80 
—  .02 

—  .37 

—  .46 

—  .48 

—  .06 

—  .10 

—  .09 

—.32 
—.27 
—.28 

—  .01 

—  .22 

—  .00 

+.2:;'  +.:Kt 

+.1C    +.15 
—.10   —.07 

1 

+.471  +45 
+.81    +40 

—.08  +;i5 

+:io 

+25 

+ao 

—1.58 
-1.61 
—LOO 

—  .8.'i 
—1.00 
— L20 

—.68 

-.55 
— .!)0 

z 

.18 

.18 
.81 

—  .14 

—  .30 

—  .51 

—  .47 

—  .49 

—  ..58 

+  .03 
+  .12 

+  .07 

—.28  —  .63 
—.33]  —  .65 

— .48|  —  .40 

—.87   —.21 
-.8.5  —.17 

—.10    +.08 

1  ^ 

-.13   +.30 
—.m  +85 
+.10   +-.'0 

+15 
+  10 
+  !■• 

— L68 
-1.07 
—1.54 

— L83 

— LSO 

—  .87 

—.50 
-.48 
—.20 

— 

.33 

—  .88 
—1.06 
-1.11 

—  .73 

—  .88 
—LOO 

—  .06 

—  .10 

—  .10 

—.68          00 
—.66  +  .21! 
—.56   +  .80 

+.80.  +.:t8 
+.40!  +.44 
+.30   +.40 

+.21 

H-.2:i 
+.11 

+  15 
+  10 
+  0 

0 

-L14 

—  .38 

+.8r, 

+ 

.13 

—  .9:1 

—  .88 

-  .10 

-.47           00 

+.18   +.30 

-.09         0 

—  5 
—10 
—15 

—  .78 

—  .59 

—  .43 

+  .10 
+  .0-.! 
+  .09 

+.4h 
+.5(1 

+ 
+ 
+ 

.40 
..53 
.68 

—  .91 

— l.fMl 

— l.:«) 

—  .74 

—  .79 

—  .89 

—  .20 

—  .35 

—  ..51 

—.40  —  .8.5 
-.40   —  .50 
—.40  —  .(i5 

+.02,  +.1H 
-.11    +.07 
—.24   -.08 

1 

—.26   —  5 
—.341  —10 

— .:i.5i  —15 

—80 
-85 
—30 

1 

—  .30 

—  .8<t 

—  .10 

+  .13 
+  .16 

+  .18 

+.58 
+.IK 
+.78 

+ 
+ 
+i 

.80 
.00 
.00 

-i.r.7 

— 1.H3 
—8. 10 

—1.05 
—1.22 
—1.40 

-  .67 

—  .83 
-1.00 

_.4()   _  ,H 
— .:i.5|  -  .9( 
-.30  —LOO 

—.34   —.11 
—.42,  -.'-.'0 

—.60,  —.28 

—.30   —811 
-.25   -25 
—.20   —30 

cuiwiiHi  of  ducliuatloDH,  Wd  74  wiut  nsed  on  abuvo  from  +  90'->  to  +  1.5°.    Kroiii  tliat  |)oiiit  the  corrcctiouit 
were  virtually  ooDiimtutl  acounliiiK  to  tbiH  table : 


d 

Corr. 

1 

6 

Corr. 

0 

0 

„ 

+  10 

—  .78 

-  15 

—  .99 

+   o 

—  ,72 

-SO 

—  .77 

00 

-  .65 

-  25 

-  .-A 

—  05 

-  ..55 

—  30 

-  .34 

-  10 

—  .:i8 

1  -:»5 

—  .13 

That  is,  M  aotnally  UHed,  a  tluolinntioii  of  Wn  74  (+ 10°  to  —  30<^),  a"  given  in  tbo  cataloKiit!,  vviim 
corrected  by  +  ".82 1-  the  values  given  in  this  table. 

*Ag  explained  under  Be  66,  the  correoUuna  from  +30°  to  +90'',  for  ihe  unuaal  i'»lulii)(ue«  It«(i3- 
Ite  66  are  drservinK  of  little  conildence. 


150] 


KEPOllT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTUONOMEIi,  APPENDIX  II. 


565 


Table  X. — CorrectionH  to  declinatione. 
ORDEK  OK  KIOHT  ASCKNSION. 


'^^ 

i 

% 

cd 

a 
k 

i 

i 

« 

K 

6 

n 

5S" 

8!j 

e 

ca 

// 

/' 

" 

II 

n 

u 

n 

11 

„ 

II 

/' 

n 

» 

(t 

it 
» 

— .IH 
-.04 

+.40 
+.25 
+.0B 
— .0» 

+.47 

+.  5;t 

+..'>5 

+.5;j 

+.38 
+.3rt 
+.40 
+.40 

—.  lil 
—.11 
—.1) 

—.00 

+.  13 
+.08 
+.03 
—.08 

—.10 
-.19 
—.19 
—.17 

-.18 
-.17 
—.81 
—.83 

—.18 
—.18 
—.04 
+.04 

— .  05 

00 

+.  05 

+.10 

+.01 
+.  (!.'• 
+.«• 
+••8 

-.15 
—.07 
+.08 
+.11 

18 
13 
14 
15 

4 

() 

+.r.3 

-.26 
—.41 
—.53 

+.47 
+.39 
+.87 

+.37 
+.38 
+•84 

+.06 
+.11 
+.15 

—.07 
-.18 
-.10 

-.14 

—.09 
— .  05 

-.84 
—.84 
-.81 

+.18 
+.19 
+.84 

+.14 
+  .17 
+.80 

+.  15 
+.  l(i 
+.17 

+.19 
+.8fi 
+.31 

16 
17 

18 

7 
H 
9 

+.r>6 

+..V. 
+.50 

—.68 

-.6»i 

+.14 

00 

—.14 

+.15 

+.  05 
—.00 

+.1H 
+.80 
+.81 

—.19 

-.80 
—.80 

00 
+.05 
+.10 

—.18 
—.13 
—.07 

+.88 
+.30 
+.30 

+.20 
+.19 
+.17 

+.16 

+.14 
+  .18 

+.34 
+.34 
+.33 

19 
80 
81 

10 

+.48 

+.:ii 

+.18 

— .»W 
— .  .'•.:{ 
—.40 

—.87 
— .  39 
—.47 

—.16 
—.85 
—.38 

+.80 
+.1H 
+.15 

-.19 
— .  16 
—.13 

+.14 
+.17 
+.10 

—.00 
+.«! 
+.18 

+.88 
+.84 
+.18 

+.14 

+.10 
+.05 

+.08 
+.04 
—.01 

+.89 
+.83 
+.15 

88 
83 
84 

NoTK.— Wlivn  n  iH  takvii  from  ri);lit-)iiiiiil  ( 18A  to  24A)  the  BigiiB  of  th»  tabic  uro  rcvcraeil. 
*  Tliv  vurrectioiiH  for  Co  40  and  llnOtiaro  n|i)ilicabl(>  uuly  witliin  the  declinutiou  UdiUh  —  30^'  to +  40°. 

lu  ikimputiug  from  tlio  valiieH  of  U,  given  iu  tbo  preceding  pages,  tbo  deflnitivo 
weiglitH  to  be  used  iu  tbe  linnl  disiMission,  Al  ".3U  was  taken  as  tbe  jirobablo  error  of  tbo 
unit,  and  5  (corrcsirandiug  to  a  probnblo  error  of  ^  ".134)  as  tbo  niaxiuiuni  weight. 
Weight  .05  is  used  in  a  few  cases.  As  tlic  probable  errors  are  soniewbat  uncertain, 
especially  in  tbeir  reBi)ective  relation  to  number  of  observations,  only  tbe  denouiiua- 
tious  of  weight  presented  in  the  table  were  uctuaily  used. 

For  convenience,  a  few  weights  deduced  in  Section  IX.  are  also  collated  here. 

With  tbe  "Catalogue"  as  an  argument,  tbe  corresiionding  horizontal  line  is  fol- 
lowed until  tbo  number  of  observatious  is  reached,  or,  ut  least,  the  limits  which  include 
it.    At  the  top  of  the  column  is  found  the  corresponding  weight. 

The  second  argument  is,  however,  often  a  probable  error  (as  Kg  21,  Dt  'i4,  etc.),  or 
weight  resulting  from  the  system  of  compilation  (as  with  Ce  -10,  Eh  43,  etc.). 


566 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTHEBN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


(IfiOJ 


Table  XI. —  Weights  used  in  discussion 


CaUlngue. 

Wt'iKhta. 

.03      j        .1        1        .a        1        ,3 

.4          1           .5          1           .0          1           .7          1           .S          1 

Number  of  ubaorvations,  |h tliui 

Oh  nr>a 

uh  n.Vi 

SI  to  8  . . . 

9  or  more . 

3  or  3 

All 



4  to  ao  . . . . 

ai  or  more. 

Vu  IHOO 

Oh  IHIO.... 
Kb  91  

Proboblu 

lorS 

cirora 

3to8 

fitolH... 

10  or  more. 

.44*0.41.. 

.40(0,37.. 

.30  or  35... 

,34  or  .33.. 

lit  -H  and  30 

Va  i'* 

Sauo  aa 

Kr  Ul   or 

Ao  ao,  acco 

rdlniC  aa  pro 

bablo  error 
All 

or  number 

of  obw^ivatl 

nua  la  tho 

aritumpnt . . 

Ao  C) 

1 

a  .. 

Gh  :io 

All 

<;  (i.  11.31... 
S.  11.  Ill  

i::::::; 

land  a... 
aor3 

3to0 

lto»   ... 

10  or  more, 
lutoai... 

8310  85  ... 

85  or  more. 

a 

3 

4 

5aud6... 
sOormoro. 

7 

M  h  :i4 

1  and  a.... 

:i 

4to6 

7toU  .... 

iatol8... 

1910  35... 

a  or  3 

4  or  more 

Kll  37 

1 

3 

All 

3 

4  

Ku  3H 

I 

3 

3 

a 

4 

5 

Co  40 

Kit  43 

Welghla . 

1 

Kh  43 

Wclgbta.. 

1..!  !!!!" 

a 

3 

3 

3 

4..'.'.!"" 

4 

I'a4.'. 

Sao  table 

! 

2or3 

Atol4  .... 
a 

4  and  5... 
15  or  more. 

fllolO... 

lltoM... 

84  or  mo ro. 

Ah4lundAtt 

Wn  47 

0  4H 

Wn4H(l'.  V.) 
Mn50 

i. 

a  to  4  .... 
1 

WriKbta . 
Kumu  OB 

Co  4o!!..!! 

3 

v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

5 

1  ..  ..:. 

a 

3 

4 

3to5  .  .. 

Oh  .'it 

Hn.M  

Same  na 

(ih  3!l 



1 

a 

UtoS... 
1 

«toll.... 

13  to  37... 

a 

38  or  more 

3 

I 

a  and  3.... 

a 

4to7 

3 

8to  1»  .... 
4 

1 

5  oud  0 — 

7 

H  and  0. . . . 

10  to  13  ... 

I 

H8  .'rtt 

1 

a 

3aiid4.... 

5to7 

Honda... 

10  to  10... 

17  to  87... 

38  to  58  ... 

(■I'.'iB 

Same  as 

Co  40 

1 

a 

(;.o.  n.58... 
Hi-.lrt 

EhM    

iSame  aa 

Ko45.!!ir. 

1 

1 

a 

3 

4or5 

0to8 

9tol5  .... 

16  or  more . 
1 

rsiio   

llsGO     

I 

3 

3 

4 

MoM     .  ... 

1 

a  and  3.... 

4to6 

7tol7.... 

18  or  more. 

I'nliail'.V.) 

Ehi;:) 

Wn(14 

Ghfl4 

I'liM    .    ... 

Same  aa 
W<.|ght» 
Same  aa 

Kil  58    

1 

a 

3 

4 

Oh  57 

1 

Ilsfij    

1 

9 

P»lifl 

UnfiO 

Some  aa 

Pa  04 

Lc«7    



Ln  07 

Eh  67 

ato5 

0  or  more . 

MoOH 

1 

3 

Wn  rji 

Ite  M  and  7." 

Wetghta . 

1 

a 

3 

4  and  5.... 
0to9 

a 

10  to  14    .. 
3 

7 

H 

» 

1 

aor3 

4or5 

1 

15  to  83.. 

94  to  44... 
\t 

45  to  158  .. 
4  

Oh  *0   . 

Wn70 

Wn7a 

Wflghta' 

lorS 

3to5 

0  or  more 
a 

3 

4 

5  ... 

0 

[lUI] 


REPOKT  OP  TBE  CHIEF  A8TBONOMEU,  APPENDIX  II. 


567 


of  definitive  declinations. 


WiMRhta. 

1 

1.0 

I.S 

8.0 

8.5 

30 

3.5 

4.0 

SO 

CataloKUv. 

iiiHiy  vt'lKbt, 

or  probable  error. 

Ob  1798. 
(ih  17.'i5. 
Po  IcflO. 
Ilh  1810. 

Kit  81. 

(ih  88. 
lil'J4and30. 
Vu  811. 
Ao81t. 
(ib:!0. 
C.d.  11.31. 
S.  11.31. 
(Mi.  11. 33. 

(v:ii. 

Mb  34. 
MH35. 

Kb  37. 
KlI  3H. 

(Ih  :iu. 

(•|i40. 
Kk  43. 
Kh  4:1 
(ih  45. 
Pa  4... 
lii'  45. 

Ab41nud58. 
Wii  47. 
(.'i-  48. 

Wn48(P.V.) 
Mb  50. 

lib  51. 
Sii  51. 
Ph  .'.3. 
So  X. 
Wu  .'.0. 

P»  m. 

llH  M. 
( •.•,'.<!. 
(lb  ri7. 
C.G.U.SS. 
Hi'  .'>H. 
Ell .'». 
Ph  (iO. 

llH  Ml. 

.Ml'  Hi. 
l'ii(i'.>(P.V.) 
Kb  til. 
Wn  (14. 
(lb  114. 
P«  114. 
Iln(15. 

Ps  (ill. 

llu  fill. 
1,0  117. 
Lu07. 

Eh  B7. 

Mil  fill. 
Wn  (W. 
I!i'll(lnud7a. 
(ill  70. 
Wn  70. 
Wn  7'i 

..lato.m... 

AU 

.auto  .S3.. 

.nto.ao.... 

.19 

.I8ud.l7  .. 

.16 

.IS 

.14  or  Icia . . 

3 

4to6..... 

7tol0 

11  told... 

17  to  99 

30  to  68.... 

68  or  more . 



All 

lOurniorc. 

9  to  la 

13  or  more. 

7  toll 

Ill  to  121  . . 

5  to  8 

All    ... 

!«1  to  45 

9  to  13 

40  to  150  . . 
I4tol9  ... 



4 

SO  to  88 

89  to  38  .... 

39  to  55  .... 

56  or  morn  . . 

5uliilr. 

5  III  8    

7llllilH.... 
OtoH... 

Bto  11 

IS  to  10  .... 

18  mid  13.. 
87  to  50... 

14  to  10 

51  to  139  ... 

:7and  18... 
i40ormoru  . 

19  to  88  ... . 

S3  or  more  . . 

Oiimn 

8  to  10  ... . 

11  to  13 

14  to  16... 

17  to  19 

90  to  88 

83  to  87 

88  or  more  . . 

4tii7    

8  to  10.... 

i« ut.io .... 

40 or  more. 

ntu37    

!Mtolii4 
OtolS  .... 

1*.'5  null  more 
19  or  more . 

53  or  iu.ire  .  - 



3iiim1  4  

.'ito7 

10  or  more. 

8  to  18 

13  to  81  ... 

88  to  44 

45  to  807  ... 

808  or  mnro  . 

4  to  y    

8 

3 

4toO 

lOloiiO 

7tol8.... 
61  or  more. 

13  to  30 

Sto8 

otola ... 

i 

8 

3  or  more  . . . 

5  aud  0 

7to9.    ... 

10  to  18 

13  to  IS... 

16  to  18... 

lOuudSO.... 

s 

3  to  :• 

4  mill .'.... 

(itoia 

BtlS 

13to.%8... 
9tol3.... 

:i 

14  to  31 

S9  to  37 

38  and  luorii 

All 

All    

All  not  I'm- 
ilunioulal  or 
oircum|Hiliir. 

FiiiHlamout.il 
nnil  circum- 
[Hilnr. 

3fo6 

7«o24  .... 
14  to  19  ... 

10  to  13 

80  to  85 

86  to  30... 

31  to  36.... 

37  to  41... 

48  to  4!l  . . . . 

50  or  iiiiiro  . 

5to7 

8to  17  .... 

18  to  47 

48ormor«. 

7to» 

10  to  13  ... 

14  to  17 

18  to  81    .. 

88  to  85... 

80  to  89 

30  til  35  .... 

.'W  or  uioro  . . 

>  Ml 


t#( 


if 


^1 
If 

ill 


568 


UNITED  STATES  XOKTHEBN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


|l«-'j 


NoTK  I. — Tbe  PouIkovB  olmrrvntions  nre  weightcil  according  to  tliv  probable  errors  given  on  pp.  ('JO) 
niitl  (:HI)  of  iotrwluctiuii  (Vol,  V,).  Tbu  w<<igbt  i«  iiligbtly  rriliict-d  in  two  cimei).  Following  in  tbo  talilo 
of  w<'ight«.  Ilctnceu  -f-.V)"  and  -f- (15°  dvclinntioii,  wbcn  tlio  olMwrvatioiiH  ore  almve  the  pole,  the 
wuightH  (if  llio  limt  line  nro  niultlplivd  by  .4  : 


l) 

1  oIhi. 

'i  ullH. 

4  ubti. 

8obii. 

Ki  otw. 

+  40"  to  .'.r>o  and  CV  t»  HO"  . . . 
-j-  :w  or  +  iHH 

I 

1 

1 
.H 
.  "> 

.:» 

1.  5 

1.0 
.5 

:i 
:l 

a.  5 

1.5 

1.0 

.7 

4 
1 

5 
r. 

+  'HF  or  +  HI"  8.  r 

t               5 

:(.5    ,     4 
•4. 5         :i  f. 

+  10-  or  +  70-'  8. 1' 

+  <K)   or +  00    8.1' 

—  tO'^  or  +  CO-'  8. 1'  

1.5 
1.0 

a.  5 
a.o 

—  15°  or  +  45  '  8. 1* 

NuTR  a. — When  tbo  zeoitb  iliHtnnno  of  n  Ktnr  oliMTVfd  nt  ii  givvn  olworvatory  is  greater  than  7(^' 
Ibe  above  weights  nre  multiplied  by  the  following  arbitrary  numbers: 


zo 

Fai'tor. 

0 

Factor. 

o 

70 

1.0 

7<) 

..1 

71 

.!) 

77 

.4 

7a 

.H 

78 

.:i 

7;i 

.7       ' 

7!) 

.:t 

74 

.0 

SO 

.a 

75 

.  .t 

NoTK  :i. — In  nsing  tbe  later  Greenwich  votalognes  (Uh  .'i7,  (>4,  and  70),  I's  04  and  Ps  (Ml,  and  lis  (iO  and 
lis  ti5,  a  considerable  inodlllcation  of  th<<  nbuvu  weigbtH  takve  place,  whenever  the  same  star  is  observed 
in  two  or  more  series  nt  envh  observntory.  Tbe  niiixiuinni  weight  given  to  Gh  57,  (!4,  and  70  combined, 
is  7.0;  to  I's  6^  and  I's  00,  4.0  ;  and  to  11m  (iO  mid  Us  05,  5.0.  Where  (he  combined  weights  were  sm.iller 
than  these  totals,  nrbitrnry  rcilnctions  of  euuh  are  made;  these  reductions  being  prn]H>rtionally  less,  the 
fewer  the  observations.  This  course  is  taken  because,  strictly  s|H'aking,  tbo  catalogues  of  the  re8|>cc(ive 
groups  are  really  parts  of  the  same  series  and  have  to  some  extent  (he  same  errors.  Of  courst-,  when 
ei(her  of  the  nbove-mentioned  catalogues  stands  as  the  sole  representative  of  its  observatory  it  receives 
the  fuU  tabular  weight.  In  a  loss  degree  this  reduction  of  weights  is  applicable  to  groups  of  catalogues 
not  included  in  tbe  above  ennmeration  ;  but  in  nil  such  cases  it  is  believed  that  the  reduction  of  weights 
re<|uire<l  is  without  prnetical  conse<iueDce  to  the  ilnal  result. 

Willi  the  values  of  C  computed  in  Section  V.,  and  witli  the  corrections  and  weigbtH 
of  Tables  IX.,  X.,  and  XL,  the  definitive  vnlues  of  J  <i  aud  J/i'  nre  nezt  computed  for 
436  stars,  a  and  /)  Vvsub  Miuoris  are  allowed  to  stand  as  first  computed,  nnd  (i2  others 
are  reserved  untd  systematic  corrections  sliull  have  been  derived  for  certain  authorities 
from  the  definitive  places. 

The  conditional  equations  nre  so  constructed  as  to  give  J'!  for  1875.  Much  care 
has  been  exercised  in  these  computations,  and  the  usual  chocks  have  been  faithfully 
employed. 

Oolumn  C„  in  "  Details  of  Corrections  to  Assumed  Declinations"  is  computed  from 
C,  by  the  addition  of  corrections  taken  from  Tables  IX.  and  X.  Oolumii  jt  is  next 
formed  from  Table  XI.,  subject  to  tbe  limitations  expressed  in  notes  2  and  •'<  above. 
The  epochs  are  taken  from  column  "Cat."    The  resniliiifr  values  of  J-'  and  Jfi'  are 


1103] 


BEPOUT  OP  THE  OHIEF  A8TRONOMEK,  APPENDIX  II. 


569 


Kivcii  in  the  catalogue  at  tbe  «n<l  of  tbis  jMiper.    With  tbese,  folumu  r,  is  couipiited 
I'rutu  tbe  expreasiuii  :— 

'2''-1875\ 


An' 

By  the  addition  of  Ji)  and  ^^.,  respectively,  to  tbe  declination  and  annual  variation 

at  the  bead  of  the  table  for  each  star  ("  Details  of  Correct  ions,"'  etc.),  we  derive  tbe 
definitive  values  of  those  quantities  given  on  tlie  rifjbtband  pages  of  the  catalofrue. 

The  probable  errors  there  given  do  not  result  from  tbe  sums  of  stiuares  of  resid- 
nals,  but  're  computed  from  tbe  weights  of  JS  and  J/i';  nssuniing  tbe  probable  error  of 
the  unit  tr  bu  it  .30.  A  few  trials  showed  that  these  probuble  errors  are  a  little  larger, 
on  the  average,  than  those  which  actually  result  from  (be  sums  of  fciuares  of  r,.  In 
deriving  these  sums  accurately  the  full  weight  must  be  given  to  each  of  tbe  catalogues 
of  tbe  Brussels,  Paris,  and  Greenwich  series,  though  as  explained  (note  3,  p.  10L>), 
less  than  tbe  tabular  values  of  tbe  weights  are  sometimes  assigneil  to  tbeui. 

For  tbo  fuudameutal  and  principal  cireumpolar  stars,  tbe  probable  error  of  tbe 
unit  of  weight,  as  it 'aCtQally  results  from  the  residuals  of  each  star,  is  given  below. 
It  will  bu  seen  that  in  the  mean  it  is  much  smaller  than  the  standard,  ^  ".30,  to  which 
it  should  corresiiond.    The  differeuce  is  not  so  great  for  tbe  remaining  stars. 

Probable  errom  vfvnit  of  rr,  derived  from  values  of  r,. 


a  AiMlnmii'tlw  ..  ±  .'J4 

)  IVRiisi :il 

a  l'iishio)H'iu '2."> 

(1  Ar!«titt 'i'A 

a  Ci>ti ari 

(I  IVrsf  i a8 

u  Timri MO 

a  Anrigir "i? 

ji  Orion  ix 'i',\ 

ii  Tuiiri Ml 


a  Orintilit ±.!i7 

,Kii'iiiiiiuriiui...       .12:1 

a  ilyilrm 'A^ 

a  LeoiiiH 'M 

a  llrHiv  Mnjoris  .      ,  '^J 

ii  hemm 'j:i 

y  I'rsiP  MiijoriH  .      .;il 

a  Virginis '^7 

ri  t'lHiit  Majuris  .       .'i'.) 
a  Duut  is 'H 


li  rrciK  Minnrm.. .  ±  .'JH 

n  I'oroiiiK  Ikiri'iiliH      .'Jii 

a  StTpontiH '■!!• 

C  frsiK  Minoris...       .'J'J 

7j  UraeoDis 'i4 

a  lIcrciiliH 'M 

a  OpIiiiU'lii 'i\ 

y  DriicouiH 'H\ 

a  Lyni' y."> 

)■  Aiiiiilii! 'ii 


a  Aqnilir ±  .tt.'i 

;*  Aiiiiiliu 'i\ 

a  I'j'Kiii '■!•> 

a  ('v|ilii>i 'J4 

l1  t't'iilici 24 

a  Ai|iiarii 'JH 

a  I'l'ijiisi a7 

y  CV|>bi'i ItO 


It  must  be  understood,  of  course,  that  tbe  uncertainty  of  tbe  Normal  System  is  not 
represented  in  tbe.se  jirobablo  errors.  This  unccrtuinty  will  vary  with  tbe  polar  dis- 
tance, Iwing  least  at  the  north  pole  of  the  heavens,  and  i>robal)ly  greatest  in  the  zone 
—  20°  to  —  50° declination,  or  in  that  vicinity.  From  —  30°  to  —  00°,  with  our  present 
means  of  information,  very  little  can  be  known  of  tbe  systematic  corrections  reipiired. 
Hut  northward,  from  —  10°  declination,  we  can  form  an  a|)proximnte  Judgment  as  to 
tbe  degree  of  accuracy  attained.  I  estimate  tbe  |)robab!e  error  for  1875  of  the  Xormal 
System  for  tbe  Equatorial  region  to  be  not  greater  tluin  A-  ".15,  and  less  than  this  for 
any  given  point  between  the  Equator  and  the  North  Pole.  IJy  actual  computation, 
using  the  Ei)uatorial  systematic  corrections  of  the  32  catalogues  upon  wbicli  ilie  sys 
tem  is  based,  with  the  same  weights  as  were  used  in  Section  VI.,  we  find  that  tbe 
system  best  corres|)oiuls  to  1847.5.  For  that  epoch  its  probable  error  is  i  ".05.  For 
1875  it  is  i  .10;  and  for  I'JOO,  ^  ",17.     But  these  probable  errors  may  Ik-  sonu'wii.it 


'i' 


570 


UNITKI)  STATES  NOUTHBKN    BOUNDABY  COMMISSION. 


11041 


too  811)1111  since  inoro  than  half  the  dctenninatioiiH  ore  redncetl  with  the  aame  rcrrao- 
tioii8  (I)c88ei'8),  iiiul  only  live*  uiay  be  regarded  as  fuudameutul  determinatiouH  in  a 
ri{;oruuH  hciimu. 

It  would  have  been  for  me  a  iileanant  task  to  have  undertaken,  with  the  help  of  the 
places  now  available,  a  third  approximation  to  the  8yMteniatic  corrections  and  weiglits. 
Uut  the  real  object  of  the  woik  has  been  already  HufBciently  accomplished,  and  the 
tiuiu  is  not  at  my  disposal  for  the  pur|iose.  Indeed,  some  few  experiments  tiuiKlit  mu 
that  the  changes  to  be  thereby  induced  were  likely  to  be  few  and  unimitortant,  except 
for  some  of  the  weights,  for  which  the  relation  to  number  of  observations  can  now  be 
ascertained  with  considerable  precision.  The  system-^tic  correction  of  one  catalogue, 
1*0  18U0,  haa,  however,  received  a  new  examination,  the  results  of  which  have  already 
been  given. 

Section  IX. 

OOBnECTIONS  TO  CATALOGUES  OP  CLASS  in. 

There  are  a  few  additional  catalogues  either  of  small  weight,  or  with  few  observa- 
tions of  standarti  stars  (dcscribi-d  under  Class  III),  which  will  prove  desirable  auxil- 
iaries in  the  computation  of  J  <>  and  J  //  for  the  remaining  (ill  stars. 

These  we  proceed  to  enumerate,  and  under  each  will  be  given  a  brief  examination 
of  the  systematic  correction  required. 

The  corrections  to  the  catalogue  declinations  were  found  by  subtracting  from  the 
deiinitivo  Jf  for  the  required  ei>och  the  corresponding  value  of  C. 


Ms  35. 

Weight  one  is  assigned  to  all  declinations,  which  at  Madras  dei)end  on  more  than 
5  observations,  and  for  which  the  weight  of  a  standard  declination  at  1875  is  1.5,  or 
more.  To  all  declinations,  from  two  or  three  observations  at  Madras,  weight  .5  is 
assigned ;  and  the  same  weight  to  a  few  others  from  four  or  five  observations. 

"Tlifso  nro:  Boascl'n,  18-^1 ;  Slinive's,  lHa4  ;  Argclandrr'»,  le«9 ;  Peter's  and  GjlUeii's  (I'milkKva), 
IHi'i;  1,11(1  Kuisi'r'B,  lt^7. 


1 165) 


lt£PORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  A8TKONOMEM,  APPENDIX  II. 


571 


Kesiduah  in  order  of  declination. 


Mcitii  il 

1 

»■.] 

';. 

o 

„ 

+  *i 

:, 

+  .  43 

+  .M 

-■  IS 

s 

+  .(ia 

+  .08 

+  73 

10 

+  .«a 

+  .07 

--  01) 

ir> 

+  .;« 

+  .09 

-  »M 

la 

+  .41 

+  .04 

+  M» 

aa 

+  .44 

+  .r,o 

-.  r.4 

14 

+  .59 

4-  .08 

-  49 

a7 

+  .HO 

+  .78 

-  44 

au 

+  .71 

+  .70 

--  :i9 

30 

+  .47 

+  .r.9 

-  :i4 

17 

+  .(Kl 

+  .44 

-.  :«i 

ai 

+  .ti9 

+  .ao 

-.  a« 

aa 

—  .(Ki 

+  .04 

.-  ai 

a4 

—  .aw 

-  .80 

+  U! 

19 

—  .H8 

—  .W.i 

+  »l 

14 

—  ..'■.0 

—  .(ki 

+    « 

ao 

—  .48 

—  .07 

+     1 

11 

—  .an 

—  .08 

—    .■■. 

7 

—  ..n 

—  .  .">7 

—    9 

11 

—  .78 

—  .  r.i 

—  14 

il 

—  .48 

-  .48 

-  19 

i) 

00 

—  .38 

—  SI 

5 

+  .m 

—  .88 

-  !W 

r, 

—  .!»9 

—  .10 

•';, 

a 

+  .70 

+  .0.'. 

—  4a 

r. 

+  .18 

+  .8(1 

—  ,no 

a 

+  .45 

+  .40 

—  r.u 

<i 

+  ..14 

+  .08 

—  «9 

[0] 

t+  -MJ 

Thi-ee  hundred  and  tbirtytwo  residunls,  from  —  35°  to  +  »0o,  which  received 
weight  one,  give,  with  m  =  8: — 

E=±  ".02, 

ReHidiiah  i«  order  of  right  ascension. 


Decliiintion  liaiitH. 

Dcvliiiution  limits. 

1 
Di'oliiiiitiou  llmi(8. 

+  150  to +  90' 

+  K.'- 

to  —  3."r^ 

-X.-'to  +  90'J 

Mean  a 

tt' 

r„' 

ff' 

ro' 

.' 

t 

». 

88 

—  .80 

0 

-  .45 

■,u 

" 
—  .89 

3 

88 

—  .31 

7 

+  .14 

89 

—  .38 

5 

19 

—  .14 

7 

+  .31 

8(i 

—  .08 

7 

15 

-1-  .07 

3 

—  .07 

18 

+  .05 

9 

13 

'    .00 

(i 

-  .85 

19 

-  .08 

11 

10 

—  .39 

H 

+  .08 

84 

-  .84 

13 

13 

-  .39 

5 

—  .03 

18 

—  .  (19 

15 

86 

+  .78 

7 

+  .89 

:<3 

+  .^ 

17 

30 

+  .49 

8 

+   .10 

38 

+  .  48 

19 

a-i 

-  .18 

13 

+  .14 

:i8 

—  .03 

81 

33 

-  .;i8 

13 

—  .08 

40 

—  .30 

83             83 

-  .18 

11 

-  .11 

34 

—  .15 

11 


m 


672  UNITKl)  STATES  NOltTIIEKN  BOUNDAUY  COMMIHHION.         (10«J 


Wn  -18  {prime  tertical  trantit). 

Sixty -one  observntloiiR  in  1847  of  13  Htara  gave  as  the  meun  correction:— 

-  ".82  ±  ".00. 

The  probable  error,  E,  of  a  Mingle  observiitiun,  Ih  i:  ".70. 

Mh  50. 

The  correction  is  asc«rtaine<I  from  tlio  deulinaliuiis  of  the  principal  stars  given  in 
tbe  iiilnxluctioii.    Each  rcsiduiil  is  given  weight  one. 

KcHulnah  in  order  of  deeiinatioH. 


Heani) 

)r' 

•■o 

v„ 

0 

+  H7 

& 

+  .10 

+  .(Mi 

4   7& 

4 

+  .\n 

+  .'«> 

+  »Cl 

a 

+  ..'.4 

+  .:ki 

+  iVJ 

H 

+  .!« 

+  .:«' 

+  41 

f) 

+  .:t7 

+  .*! 

--  !« 

H 

—  .(Mi 

—   .(M 

M 

-  .41 

-  .Ul 

+  14 

ti 

-  .'.Hi 

—  .•<:! 

+  OH 

U 

—  .(M 

—  .'.fj 

0 

7 

—1.17 

— ).<r. 

—  l» 

6 

—  .01) 

-  .00 

With  m  s  4,  wo  have,  probable  error  of  a  single  tleclinntion  :- 

JS?  =  i  ".32. 

If  we  assume  -  =  2,  we  shall  have  for  3  to  5  observations,  approximately,  weight 
J3  in  the  system  of  Table  XI. 

limduaU  in  order  of  right  aitceiuion. 


Mi-nn  1 

n- 

To' 

Moon  a 

V 

ro' 

k. 

„ 

k. 

„ 

1 

:, 

-  .17 

1» 

4 

.IMI 

:i 

!> 

-.!» 

tr> 

7 

+  .  1!» 

f. 

(> 

—  . !«» 

17 

<i 

-  .01 

7 

5 

+  .a» 

10 

9 

+  .;» 

9 

r, 

—  .:t< 

31 

H 

+  .40 

11 

:, 

—  .:i4 

!i» 

4 

—  .ai 

[m 


REl'OUT  OF  THE  OIIIKF  AHTItUNOMKIt,  AI'l'UNUIX  II.  573 


Eh  58,  Kh  03,  ami  Ek  07. 


1 2. 


KbTiH. 

Ell  (Kl. 

Kh  Ii7. 

Moan  A 

o 

n' 

r,. 

<•» 

M«an  it 

t' 

ra 

'a 

Mnan  .1 

ir' 

ro 

'•„ 

/( 

;/ 

0 

II 

ft 

o 

1 

<i 

+  H5» 

1 

-.(111 

+  H1) 

•i 

—.40 

+  x\i 

a 

+ 

M 

+  711 

:i 

-.1*4 

+  7:i 

1 

+.'J7 

+.:>\ 

+  <" 

fi 

+  1 

M 

+  K, 

ao 

+.(H1 

-.:«;t 

+  r>f. 

III 

+.ltt 

+  M 

III 

+ 

■M 

<HI 

+  :w 

'M 

-. :.« 

— .:ut 

+  :w 

*» 

+.X, 

+.t>\ 

+  -W 

IM 

Vt 

(HI 

+  >i» 

3)1 

+.r.;i 

— .IKI 

+  lit 

:hi 

+.« 

+.r.i 

1-  ll» 

KM 

+ 

M 

(Ml 

+   1 

:ii 

— .:w 

— .xi 

+   « 

in 

+.  .Ill 

-t-.ri 

+  (17 

17 

+ 

til 

00 

—  b 

37 

—.us 

— .  :«:•. 

-   1 

u 

+.:ii» 

+.;u 

+  Uf. 

17 

— 1 

;io 

(H) 

Tli«  corn>vti()ii8  to  tlicMc  catiilMniU'H  van  only  Iw  rotiKbly  nHcortitiiu'd.  It  in  aNsiiiniMl 
to  Im*  coiiHtniit  from  —  1(1°  to  +  00°.  Wo  Imvc,  A'  r=  ±  "  <UI  for  Eli  5S  (fX(;liiiliiiK  <? 
Lyiii"),  i  ".77  for  Eh  ^K^,  and  i.  V'.'M  for  Eb  «7  -fc  ".««  i»  juloptt'd  iu  conhtrHctiiiK 
wvittlits  for  Eh  M  niul  Eli  03. 

Pa  O'.?  (primr  vertical  trannH). 

Tweiityoiio  observatiouH  of  "»  stars  give  the  correction: — 

+  ".L'.l  ±  ".05 ; 

and  for  probable  error  of  Bingle  obM>rvatioii  i  ''.U'.'J,  which  is  considerably  larm'r  than 
the  valne  suppoHcd  in  the  third  volume  of  Toulkova  olmervations  (pp.  2i:(,  L'lt).  Itnt 
even  this  requires  the  maxiuiuni  weight  (.~>.(l)  for  3  observations,  and  is  adopted. 

I'a  71. 

But  one  declination  is  used  from  this  catalogue — that  givoii  for  H.  A.  ('.  .~i:(13. 
For  its  cornvtion,  I  find  +  ".50  from  eight  stars  between  +  -''O^  mid  +  0(1°  declination. 
For  this  declination  the  arbitrary  weight  1.0  is  assigned  in  deducing  corrections  to 
assumed  place. 

Wn  70. 

licHMiialH  i»  order  of  lUvlintitUm. 


MVA.'I  (1 

t' 

r,. 

00 

4-  Wi 

•-'1 

f 

+  7.'-. 

.".7 

—  .(14 

(K) 

+  (15 

<i7 

-  .4;! 

—  .'£> 

' 

+  K, 

17 

+  .  1-' 

—  .4:» 

+  4-. 

:ii 

—  .fil 

—  .57 

+  :ir, 

ao 

-  .44 

—  .m 

+  -r. 

:i;i 

—  .Ti 

—  .7:1 

+  ir> 

24 

—  .4'.' 

—  .  <."i 

4-  0.-. 

•at 

—  I.OH 

-  .70 

^  o; 

14 

—   .(Ci 

-  .;Mi 

1*1 


574  UNITED  STATKS  m)UTIlKHN  BOUNDARY  i;OMMlS8ION.  [108J 

With  Ml  =  4,  wc  Uave : — 

£  =  ±  l".01. 

The  curve  rescinbles  tlint  of  Wii  r>t»  closely,  except  tbiit  its  minus  values  are  about 
".40  larger.  From  — 1(1°  soutliwnnl,  Wii  Wi  —  ".40  can  probably  l»e  used  witliout 
serious  error. 

lie»idttalii  Jii  order  of  right  awt'iiHion. 


De 

olinstion  liiiiitN. 

Dwliiiution  liinit«. 

Di'cliiintioii  liiiiitii. 

-  UK'  to  +  40^' 

+  40O  to  +  ItO- 

—  lO'i  to  +  iHtJ 

Mrnn  n 

7t' 

ro' 

V 

r„' 

ff' 

r„' 

Co' 

A. 

// 

tl 

// 

„ 

I 

11 

+  .-M 

S5 

—  .14 

;w 

—  .04 

—  .17 

:< 

1-.' 

+  .&i 

Ifi 

—  .  .W 

S.>7 

—  .:w 

—  .aa 

il 

4 

—  .  *.» 

i;» 

—     .   <   < 

17 

-  .7(i 

—  .  a4 

i 

M 

+  .ii'.> 

f> 

—  .:«) 

lit 

—  .01 

-  .IK 

!» 

;» 

-1    .-JII 

11 

—  .'.'I 

•JO 

—  .o;t 

—  .07 

11 

1 

—  .  :r> 

if> 

—  .'j;' 

lit 

—  .:!>■< 

+  .(t« 

i:i 

•  1 

—  .  :iti 

ir> 

—  .a.t 

24 

—  .'Jr< 

+  .17 

ir. 

li 

+  .70 

m 

+  .Ht 

•J5 

+  .7H 

+  .aa 

17 

la 

+  .liO 

■JO 

+  .an 

:w 

+  .4a 

-  .a4 

ii> 

tr. 

—      tf^ 

17 

+  .'M 

;w 

—  .ja 

+  .IH 

31 

ll! 

+  .:i:. 

ai 

+  .04 

;t7 

+  .If 

+  .(t7 

'a 

i'.> 

-  .a*! 

18 

—  .10 

:u) 

—  .ao 

—  .(H5 

Coluuiu  (V  is  taken  from  the  correction  found  to  Ih^  applicable  to  the  previous 
series  of  observations  with  the  Washington  mural  circle.  There  is  sufticient  resem- 
blance between  it  and  tbc  values  of  ro'  iu  the  last  coluniu  to  justify  its  coutinued  use 
for  this  catalogue. 

Table  XII. — Corrections  to  catalonnes  of  Clasn  77/ (and  to  To  1800). 
OKUKU  OF  DKCLINATION. 


Mt  an  i1 

Vo  mw 

l\»  Xi. 

Mh  r>o. 

Wu  70." 

Mean  f 

o 

i'o  IfltO. 

Jis  ar.. 

Ma  r.0. 

Wn  70. 

o 

1, 

„ 

// 

,.. 

// 

,, 

„ 

+  iKt 

+  A% 
+  8U 

00 
+  .1(! 

+  .ao 

+  .w 

+  ..V. 

4-  .00 

00 
+  .10 

+  .ao 

(Ht 
(Kl 
00 

+  !■> 
+  It' 
4-  0.'. 

— i.tw 

-l.X. 

— i.ait 

—  ..V. 

—  .tw 

—  .t>7 

—  .70 

—  .^0 

—  1.00 

—  .7.*» 

—  .  7r» 

—  .70 

+  7r. 

+  70 
+  iX> 

+  .r.a 
+  .r.a 

+  .70 
4-  .Cm 

+  .a.-. 
+  .ao 
+  .ao 

(Ml 

-  .14 : 

—  .a.-.  1 

0 

—  (),■■ 

—  10 

— 1.50 

-l.t*(i 

-l.iHi 

—  .01 

—  .,->7 

—  .r.o 

-1.0.-. 

—  .  ii- 

—  .,V.I 

—  .44 

—  .a,'> 

+  m 

+  :<, 
+  r>o 

-1-  .48 

+  .a,-. 

+  .10 

+  .00 
+  .CO 

+  .7a 

+  .ao 
+  .ao 
+  .ao 

—  .a7  , 

—  .4a 

—  .,-.0 

—  1,-. 

—  ao 

—  a:. 

—1,-.' 
— 1..-.0 
—1.  Hi 

—  .  40 

—  .ao 

—  .17 

+  45 

+  40 

—  .ao 

—  ..-It 
—i.oa 

+  .-a 
+  .oa 

-f.4S 

+  .a< 
+  .'ii 

+  .10 

-  .  ■^7 

—  An 

—    .ti(i 

—  ao 

—  a,-> 

—  40 

-1.0- 

-t.ai 

—1.40 

-  .o.-> 
+  .0,-, 
+  .  1.^ 

+  ao 
+  a.-. 
+  ao 

—  1.10 

— i.a.i 
— i.tia 

+  .ati 

—  .tfci 

-  .  aa 

—  .01 

—  .ati 
-.lit 

—  .70 

—  .7a 

—  .7.'» 

—  .'■lO 

—  00 

+  .  40 

+  .0.-. 

*  If  tin"  nc'ii;il  oorrei'tioii  for  Wii   |.-'7a  imil  l'^7;.  in  ili'n'ri'd. -f  ".4.%  niiHt  1m>  ixIiIciI  to  the  i|iinntitii<H 
Kivi'ii  ill  tlif  iiliovi'  fi'.Ulr  for  Wii  70. 


[m\       KurouT  OF  Tin-:  cuikf  astfjdnomkk,  apphndix  ii.       575 

Taiu.k  XII.— ContiniuMl. 


Ciitnln);iio. 

Corri'clion. 

RtMiinrkH. 

Wn48 

Kiir.8 

K!i(i:i 

PntW 

Eue? 

—  .  ^^? 

—  .x\ 
+  .r.i 
+  .'jr. 

00 

Ciinatnnt. 

I'.iiiKtaut  from  —  \0^  to  +  (i(V. 

t'oimJa'.it  I'rtmi  —  UK'  {o  +  <"'tio. 

C'oimtaiit. 

Uoustant  from  —  10-^  to  +  (iOo. 

The  corroctiona  iti  onlor  of  a  for  Po  1800  aiul  Wn  70  nro  to  l»c>  taken  fnim  Table  X. 

Witli  these  additional  corrections  the  values  of  Jd  and  J/.'  were  computed  for  the 
C2  rtMuainint;  stars.  These  uro  sutliciently  indicated  in  the  "Details  of  CorrtH'tions 
to  Assumed  Uecliuatiuus"  by  the  us«i  of  one  or  more  of  the  catalogues  of  Class  III. 

Section  X. 

OKNKllAT.    RKMAKKS     UKSPKOTIXa    THE    COUUEOTIOXS     AXI)    I'KOKAIU.E     EHKOKS   Ol' 
STAKS    IISEI)  nv    TUE    XOUTIIKUN   UOIXDAUY   Sl'lJVEV    I'OK    I.ATITIDE. 

The  precedinfj  pages  aflbrd  the  means,  to  some  extent,  for  answering  the  tpiestion 
ns  to  the  luobable  errors  of  the  declinations  used  in  latitude  work  on  ihe  Northern 
Houudary.  Tliese  declinations  in  the  general  catalogue  of  r>(»0  stars  at  the  end  of  this 
paper  are  distinguished  by  an  asterisk,  nllixed  to  the  current  number.  Opposite  each 
star,  on  the  right-hand  page  (and  in  the  third  column),  will  be  found  its  probable  error 
estimated  in  tiie  manner  described  in  Section  VIII.  This,  taken  together  with  Ihe  cor 
responding  value  of  J. 7,  given  on  (he  Iclthand  page,  will  aitl  in  tbrming  some  jutlgment 
as  !■)  the  probable  limits  within  which  any  correction  is  likely  to  be  included.  These 
values  of  J6  refer  to  the  declinations  adopted  in  the  work  of  KS74.  I'liose  of  the  pre- 
ceding years  are  less  accurate,  and  dilVer  slightly  Irom  these,  but  the  dillerences  art-  not 
systematic. 

The  general  correction  rctpiired  by  the  latitude  work  of  IST-t  has  been  roughly 
computed  in  three  dill'crcnt  ways: — 

Fiint,  Filty  ditterent  pairs  (100  stars)  were  observed  lor  latitutle  during  the  year. 
Six  of  these,  however,  were  used  but  once;  one,  three  times;  three,  four  tinu>s;  nine, 
live  limes;  and  others  more  Ircqnciitly— eighteen  limes  being  (he  maximum.  Taking 
the  simple  mean  of  all  Ihe  values  of  J .;  lor  Ihe  one  hundred  stars,  we  have:— 

+  ".OIL' 

as   tlu>  common  correction  to  the  declinations  actually  used  ;  and  this  is,  of  course, 
applicable  lo  (lie  lalilmlcs. 

Stnnd.  If,  however,  we  (ake  into  accounl  Ihe  number  of  times  each  pair  was  used, 
giving  weights  proportional  to  (lie  numbeis,  we  have:— 

+  ",008 

ns  ihe  common  correction  to  all  the  latitudes. 

Third.  If,  still  further,  we  take  into  account  (he  weights  ot  the  stars  as  computed 
in  this  paper,  and  if  we  suppose  that  each  observation  ot  a  pair  with  Ihe  /eniih  tele 


ll 


fl 


57G 


UNITED  STATES  NOllTHEUN    BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[170| 


scope  gives  an  instrumentnl  probable  error  for  latitude  ot  :J:  ".3,  we  bave  us  tbe  mean 
correction : — 

+  ".0©«. 

I  regnnl  it  ns  quite  improbable  that  a  common  correction  larger  than  ±  ".I  is 
needed  for  the  latitudes  as  actually  established  in  the  field.  In  this  paper  the  stars  of 
the  latitude  list  were  reduced  without  the  slightest  reference  to  the  previous  work 
performed  on  them— even  tbe  seconds  of  declinations  being  transcribed  from  the  vari- 
ous catalogues  anew.  Under  these  circumstances  the  present  work  may  be  regarded 
as  an  efficient  (;hcck  on  tbe  values  of  declination  adopted  in  tbe  former  discussion. 

EXPLANATION  OF  TABLES. 

RECAPITULATION  OP   SYSTEMATIC  COBBECTIONS. 

This  table  Rhows  as  nearly  as  possible  the  total  systematic  corrections  applied  by 
me  (either  before  or  after  discussion  of  Normal  System)  to  the  catalogue  places  as  I  find 
them.  If  to  these  be  added  errata  and  corrections  due  to  proper  motion,  with  a  few 
corrections  specilied  in  the  notes  at  the  end  of  the  table,  wo  shall  have  declinations 
according  to  the  system  adopted  iu  this  paper.  In  order,  however,  to  accertain  the 
degree  of  coufldence  to  be  placed  in  certain  values  from  the  curves  (especially  those 
from  —  10°  to  —  oOO),  it  will  be  necessary  to  recur  to  the  detailed  reductions. 

DETAILS  OF  COKBECTIUNS  TO  ASSUMED  DECLINATIONS. 

These  embrace  Table  A,  Table  B,  and  Table  C. 

Table  A  contains  particulars  of  reduction  fur  the  fundamental  and  principal  cir- 
cumpolar  stars.  However,  four  southern  stars,  usually  regarded  as  fundamental,  and 
a*  Gemiiiurum  will  be  found  elsewhere. 

Table  B  contains  details  for  all  other  stars  (i.  e.,  stars  not  in.:luded  in  Table  A) 
situated  between  -|- 90°  and  —10°  declination.  In  this  region  the  weights  are  in  no 
case  affected  by  the  question  of /.enith  distance. 

Table  C  contains  details  for  all  stars  situated  south  of  —  10°  declinatiou. 

With  one  exception  the  construction  of  all  the  tables  is  alike.  At  the  bead  of 
the  tabular  stiitement  for  each  star  is  given  its  assumed  right  ascension  and  declina- 
tion, with  the  annual  variation  of  each  us  computed  in  Sections  II.  and  III. 

Column  *'  Cat."  contains  the  designation  of  each  catalogue  or  series  of  observa- 
tions. The  explanation  of  these  designations  is  found  in  Section  IV.  It  is  snfllcient 
here  to  state  that  the  figures  refer  to  the  mean  year  of  observation,  and  the  letters  are 
usually  the  first  and  last  in  the  name  of  the  observatory  according  to  the  English 
spelling. 

Column  "Obs."  contuins  either  the  nnmber  of  observations,  weight,  or  probable 
error,  according  as  either  is  made  an  argument  for  computation  of  weight  from  Table 
XI. 

Column  C  contains  the  correction  to  assumed  declination  given  by  the  respective 
catalogues  in  the  manner  detailed  in  Sections  III.  and  V.  For  the  later  Itiidcliffe  cat- 
alogues, and  for  Wu  72,  values  of  V  are  contjiined  in  Section  V. 


[171] 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  ASTRONOMER,  APPENDIX  H. 


577 


Column  C,,  in  Tables  B  and  C,  contains  for  n  limited  Dumber  of  stars  the  sum  of 
C  and  of  tbe  systematic  correction  taken  from  Table  II. 

Tbe  place  of  this  is  supplied  in  Table  A  by  column  r,„  which  contains  tbe  correc- 
tion given  to  each  authority  by  the  declination  computed  according  to  the  principles  of 
Section  VI.,  but  with  the  addition  of  the  Fundamenta  as  an  authority,  with  weight 
one. 

Column  r  contains  the  quantities  from  which  definitive  systematic  corrections 
were  computed.    It  is  formetl   by  subtracting  C  from   the  value  of  the  expression 

ja  +  ^I!jr^*'*^j,i',  J d  and  J/i'  being  taken  from  Tables  V.  and  VII. 

Column  C„  is  formed  by  the  addition  of  the  systematic  corrections  of  Tables  IX. 
and  X.  to  column  C.  For  Ro  GG  and  Re  72,  as  well  as  Wu  12  and  S  H  31,  the  value  of 
C„  is  specially  computed. 

Column  r  contains  the  weight  computed  from  Table  XI.,  with  the  argument  in 
column  "Obs." 

Column   r,  contains  the  outstanding   residual   found    by  subtracting  C„  from 

Jd+  Jii'f — -v«n^   j'  ^''*'™  '^^  """^  ^z*' '"'®  '"  ^  taken  from  the  left-hand  page  of 
the  "Catalogue  of  500  Stars"  at  the  end  of  this  paper. 

CATALOGUE  OF  500  8TAB8. 

On  the  left-hand  page  : 

Columns  1,  2,  3,  and  4  appear  to  require  no  explanation  except  the  caution  that 
tbe  latter  column  is  simply  co|iied  from  the  catalogue  of  the  British  Association. 

Column  5  contains  the  approximate  right  ascension  as  deduced  in  Section  VII. 

Column  6  contains  the  annual  variation,  and  column  7  the  secular  variation  in 
Right  Ascension  given  in  units  of  the  Uflh  decimal  place. 

The  eighth  and  ninth  columns  give  J<?  and  jy  as  they  result  from  the  Qnal  com- 
putation, using  columns  C„  and  -  of  "Details,"  etc. 

On  the  right-hand  page,  in  coluain  1,  the  current  number  is  repeated  for  con- 
venience. 

Column  2  is  the  definitive  declination  formed  from  the  assumed  declination  given 
with  each  star  in  "Details,"  etc.,  by  the  addition  of  J')  from  the  preceding  page. 

Column  3  contains  the  probable  error  ascertained  in  the  manner  explained  near  the 
end  of  Section  VIII.  In  a  few  cases  this  column  is  left  blank.  It  is  to  lje  understood 
in  such  cases  that  a  definite  estimate  is  declined,  either  because  the  error  is  large  or 
cannjt  readily  be  ascertained. 

Column  4  contains  the  weight  to  nearest  nnit,  from  which  the  preceding  column  is 
estimated.  The  probable  error  of  this  unit  is  sup|M)sed  to  be  uniformly  :L  ".30.  It  is 
likely  to  be  smaller  than  larger  (p.  103).  When  this  column  is  left  blank  it  is  to  be 
understood  that  tbe  computed  weight  is  less  than  .5 

Column  5  contains  the  definitive  annual  variation,  computed  by  adding  to  the 

annual  variation  of  "Details,"  etc.,  -p^;  J/i'  being  taken  from  the  left  hand  page. 


w 


;  I 


■   SB 


N  B- 


■^7 


578 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[172] 


Column  6  contains  the  probable  error  of  tho  unnuul  variation  compated  rrom  the 
weight  o(  Jfi'  in  conilitional  t>quations. 

Colnmns  7  and  8  contain  the  secular  variation  and  third  term  of  precession  in 
declination  which  are  given  respectively  to  tho  sixth  and  eighth  places  of  decimals. 
The  mode  of  their  computation  is  fully  explained  in  Section  III. 

Column  0  contains  the  proper  motion  formed  by  subtracting  from  the  annual 
variations  20".0542  cos  a.    The  number  is  Peters^  constant  of  precession  (n)  for  1875. 


RECAPITULATION 


SYSTEMTIC  CORRECTIONS  TO  DECLINATIONS. 


[173] 


679 


RECAPITULATION  OF  SYSTEMATIC  CORRECTIONS. 


+  !tO 
+  W. 
-j-  Wl 

+  IS 

-f.70 
-j-  05 

+  «) 

+  r)5 
+  no 

+  ■»:. 

+  40 

+  :>.'■, 

+  :to 
+  ar. 
+  ao 

+  15 

+  10 

+   r. 

0 

—  .I 

—  10 

—  ir> 

—  20 

—  B5 

—  :» 

—  ;!5 

—  40 

—  no 

—  (iO 
-  70 

—  go 

—  yo 


A.E. 


7 
8 
0 

10 

It 


£ 


J3 

cs 


00 
+  .10 

+  .:io 

+  .44 

+  .r>8 

+  .»'i 

+  .4« 

+  .:ir. 
+  .10 

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—  .so 
— i.o:i 

—1.10 

-i.:«i 
— i.oa 

— 1.C8 
—1.35 
— 1.2U 

— l.Wi 
—1. 80 
— l.'JO 

-1.8a 
— i..no 

—1. 10 

—1.08 

— i.ai 

—1.40 


00 

+ .» 

+  .81) 

+  .:»8 

+  .30 
+  .14 

—  .iYi 

—  .01 

+   w 

+  .10 
00 


IS 

Q   . 


00 
+  .0:» 
+  .0(i 

+  .10 
+  .13 
+  .16 

+  .let 
+  .10 
+  .13 

+  .09 
+  .00 
+  .W) 

+  .00 
+  .07 
+  .10 

+  .13 
+  .10 
+  .19 

+  .25 

:{3 

43 


+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 


£ 


—  .18 

—  .04 

+  .il 

+  .25 


.37 
.40 
.53 


56 


+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

-j-  .55 

+  .50 

+  .4a 

+  .31 
+  .18 


^  a 

be 


+  .40 

+  .an 

+   .08 

—  .09 

—  .20 

—  .41 

—  .5:) 

—  .02 

—  .00 

—  .6»i 

—  .02 

—  ..'■>3 

—  .40 


—  .03 

—  .«9 

—  .15 

—  .I't 

—  .22 

—  .24 

—  .24 

—  .23 

—  .19 

—  .  in 

—  .Oit 

—  .03 
4-  .03 


i4 


00 
+  .04 
+  ." 
+  .20 

+  .as 

+  .36 

+  .43 
+  .40 

+  .48 

+  .49 

+  ..ni 

+  .Wi 

01 
00 
74 

81 
88 

9n 


+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+1.04 
+1.15 
+  1.31 

+  1.44 

+  I..59 
+1.70 


.03 
.09 
.15 
.19 

.22 
.24 
.24 

.22 
.19 
.15 

.09 
.03 
.03 


.a 
O 


00 
00 

00 
00 
CO 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 


J3 

a 


—  .13 

—  .18 

—  .20 

—  .22 

—  .22 

—  .21 

—  At 

—  .14 

—  .09 

—  .01 

+  .03 
+  .08 
+  .13 


OS. 

a 


00 
.05 
.12 

.17 
.21 
.24 

.86 
.27 
.  25 

.82 
.19 
.15 

.13 
.18 
.15 

.21 
.29 

.\Vi 

.49 
.00 

.7i 

.84 
.90 


a 


o 


+  .40 
+  .40 
+  .40 

+  .40 

+  .:w 

+  .31 
+  .24 

+  ." 
+  .07 

—  .03 

—  .10 

—  .80 

—  .17 

—  .14 

—  .10 

—  .07 

—  .03 

00 


^ 


—  .04 
+  .02 
+  .09 
+  .14 
+  .19 
+  .22 
+  .24 

+  .24 
+  .23 
+  .20 


U3 


+  :io 
+  .i-i 

+  .15 

+  .15 
+  .13 

+  .08 

CO 

—  .12 

—  .31 

—  ..14 

—  .70 

—  .95 

—1.12 
—1.24 

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—1.31 
—1. 31 

—  1.33 


00 
00 
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00 

00 
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00 

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.07 
.13 
.18 

.22 
.25 
.29 

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,00  -1.49 
.<W     -1.08 


.70 
.70 


—1.97 
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—2.8 

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4 


.a 


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+  .  02  ! . 
+  .09  . 
+  .14    . 

+  .19 
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+  .24  |. 

+  .24  !. 

+  .2:t  . 

+  .20    . 


A.R. 


« 

NM 

1 

»-< 

O 

O 

n 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

90 

85 

80 

75 

70 

+  05 
+  00 

+ 
+ 

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50 

+  45  1 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

40 

T) 

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as 

+ 

20 

... 

+ 

15 

+ 

35 

+ 

10 

+ 

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5 

+ 

35 

0 

+ 

35 

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+ 

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35 



15 

+ 

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20 

+ 

:tr> 

— 

25 

+ 

32 



30  ; 

+ 

17 

— 

:t5 

00 

— 

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00 



M   1 

(H) 



00 

00 



70 

00 

— 

HO 

00 

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+  .  15  +  .  15 
+  .  10  j  +  .  10 
+  .04  I  +  .04 


A. 
]o 

I       ^^ 

I       14 

15 

10 
17 

,  "^ 
19 

i  80 
81 

+  .04        a! 

—  .('8  :      23 

—  .  08  I      24 


+  .08 
+  .13 
+  .18 
+  .21 

+  .23 
+  .23 
+  .22 

+  .19 
+  .15 
+  .10 


[175J 


When  the  argument  is  12''  to  24''  thu  signs  aru  tu  bo  reversed. 


.'•:8l 


582 


UNITED  STATES  NOUTHERN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


[176) 


Becapitulation  of  tystematio  oorreotiotM— Continued. 


d 

n 

d 
6 

6 

.d 

S 

4 

^ 

s 

ja 

t 

0 

+  110 

+  »'5 

+  eo 

+  75 
+  70 
+  05 

+  CO 
+  55 
+  50 

+  45 
+  40 
+  35 

+  .10 

+  a5 
+  ao 

+  ir> 

+  10 

+    B 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  iiO 

—  a5 

—  no 

—  :tr> 

—  40 

—  50 

—  (iO 

—  70 

—  KO 

—  1)0 

It 

It 

"oo 

—  .02 

—  .05 

—  .11 

—  .23 

—  .:i8 

—  ..55 

—  .72 

—  .Mi 

—  .05 
—1.02 
—1.05 

—1. 03 

—  .95 

—  .81 

—  .70 

—  .(W 

—  .  75 

—  .87 

—  1.00 
—1.  20 

—I.. 50 

—  1.73 
—1.98 

"oo 

00 
00 

—  .  04 

—  .14 

—  .27 

—  .  42 

—  .57 

—  .70 

—  .78 

—  .83 

—  .84 

—  .80 

—  .70 

—  .54 

—  .40 

—  .35 

—  .38 

—  .47 

—  .HI 

—  .71 

—  .88 

—  .98 
—1.00 

—  .28 

—  .38 

—  .40 

—  ..52 

—  .00 

—  .02 

—  .00 

—  ■f>4 
-■V 

—  .14 
+  .17 
+  .32 

+  .47 

+  .50 
+  ..^0 

+  .41 

+  .30 
+  .14 

—  .03 

—  .20 

—  .40 

It 

+  ..50 
+  ..v. 
+  .(U) 

+  .05 
+  .70 
+  .05 

+  .00 

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+  .72 

+  .72 

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+  .48 

+  .20 

—  .02 

—  .  32 

—  .ta; 

—  .0.1 

—  .07 

—  .01 

—  ..57 

—  ..^0 

—  .411 

—  .30 

—  .17 

—  .05 
+  .05 

-  :'.9 

—  .22 

—  .22 

—  .  23 

—  .23 
^*>.j 

—  .20 

—  .18 

—  .10 

—  .  15 

—  .  10 

—  .17 

—  .20 

—  .21 

—  .17 

—  .05 
+  .04 

00 

—  .15 

—  .21 

—  .27 

—  .25 

—  .  15 

00 

+  .2 

II 
00 

—  .10 

—  .  20 

—  .87 

—  .  33 

—  .:io 

—  .15 
+  .10 

+  .28 

+  .30 
+  .22 
+  .11 

+  .08 
+  .09 
+  .  15 

+  .25 
+  .41 
+  ..50 

+  .73 
+  .1)2 
+1.13 

+  1.34 

+  1,55 
+1.77 

+2.00 

"oo 

+  .01 

+  .03 

+  .05 
+  .08 
+  .09 

+  .10 
+  -" 
+  .!••* 

+  .12 
+  .13 

+  .14 

+  .15 
+  .17 
+  .19 

+  .2:1 

+  .28 
+  .34 

+  .41 

+  .49 

+  .59 

+  .70 
+  .83 
+  .97 

+1.10 

// 

—  .09 

—  .09 

—  .  09 

—  .09 

—  .10 

—  .27 

—  .41 

—  ..52 

—  .03 

—  .74 

—  .H4 

—  .02 

—  .97 

—  .99 

—  .89 

—  .69 

—  .55 

—  .59 

—  .71 

—  .79 

—  .79 

—  !04 

—  .5 

—  .4 

0 
+  110 

+  a5 

+  80 

+  75 
+  70 

+  (i5 

+  00 
+  55 
+  50 

+  45 
+  40 
+  36 

•    30 

+  - 
+  20 

+  15 

+  10 

+    6 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  20 

—  25 

—  30 

—  :{5 

—  40 

—  50 

—  (iO 

—  70 

—  80 

—  90 

[+!.:»] 

+i.:io 
+l.:io 

+  1.H0 

+l.no 
+i.:u) 
+1.  :to 

+1.30 

+i.;io 

+  1.30 

+  1.30 
+  l.vJ-i 
+i.*J 

+1.17 
+1.00 
+  .00 

+  .84 
+  .70 
+  .02 

+  .60 
+  .(10 
+  .00 

+  .  00 
+  .50 
+  .40 
+  .30 

+  .ao 

— a,"()6" 

—1.10 

—  .34 
+  .20 

+  .52 
+  .57 
+  .43 

+  .14 

—  .00 

—  .14 

—  .14 

—  .04 
+  .10 

+  .40 
+  .71 

+  .8rt 

+  .1)0 

+  .71 
+  .47 

+  .10 
±  .00 

—  .08 

—  .10 

00 

+  .15 

+  .40 
+  .65 

A.R.         ^ 

CO 

K 

d 

6 

6 

3 

.c 
0 

St -A 

^  0 

+s 

A.K. 

h. 

0 

1 

2 
3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
U 
0 

10 

11 

12 

+  :'47 

+  .53 
+  ..'^^5 
+  .53 

+  .47 
+  .30 
+  .«7 

+  .!« 
00 

-  .14 

-  .27 

-  .39 

-  .47 

-'.'in 

-.07 

—  .07 

—  .00 

—  .05 
-■    .03 

—  .01 

+  .01 
+  .03 
+  .04 

+  .05 
+  .00 
+  .07 

-:'o7 

—  .07 

—  .00 

—  .05 

—  .03 

—  .  02 

—  00 

+  .02 
+  .('4 
+  .■5 

+  .00 
+  .07 
+  .07 

-  :'oo 

—  .05 

—  .05 

—  .04 

—  .02 

—  .01 
+  .01 

+  .02 
+  .03 
+  .04 

+  .05 
+  .00 
+  .00 

+  :'i8 

+  .18 
+  .17 
+  .15 

+  .11 

+  .07 
+  .02 

—  .02 

—  .07 

—  .11 

—  .  15 

—  .17 

—  .18 



-  :'oo 

—  .05 

—  .04 

—  .03 

—  .02 

00 
+  .02 

+  .03 
+  .04 
+  .05 

+  .00 
+  .00 
+  .00 

+  .34 
+  .34 
+  .30 

+  .at 

+  .17 
+  .09 

—  .01 

—  .10 

—  .18 

—  .25 

—  .31 

—  .34 

—  .34 

—  :'o3 

—  .02 

—  .01 

—  .01 

00 
+  .01 
+  .02 

+  .02 

+  .03 
+  .04 

+  .0:1 
+  .03 
+  .03 

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—  .03 

—  .03 

—  .02 

—  .01 

00 
+  .02 

+  .03 
+  .03 
+  .04 

+  .04 
+  .04 
+  .04 

A. 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 

19 
20 
21 

22 
23 
24 

Wbeu  tbo  urgumeut  is  Vi^  to  24''  Ibo  sigiiii  aro  to  tie  rovL'i8i.'d. 


ll77]  RBt'APITDLATION  OF  SYSTEMATIC  CORBRCTIONS. 

Recapitulation  of  tystematio  correctioni— Continued. 


583 


6 

2 

5 

h 

•< 

4 

• 

4 

S 

4 

5 

4 

i 

o 
+  110 

+  H5 
+  80 

+  75 
+  70 
+  1)5 

+  m 

+  55 
+  50 

+  45 
+  40 
+  35 

+  :!0 
+  U5 

+  ao 

+  15 

+  10 

+    5 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  SiO 

—  a5 

—  30 

—  35 

—  40 

—  50 

—  (iO 

—  70 

—  hiO 

—  90 

"oo 

00 
00 

00 

—  .07 

—  .IH 

—  .:w 

—  .4;t 

—  .54 

—  .(K. 

—  .75 

—  .83 

—  .8H 

—  .  iHI 

—  .80 

—  .00 

—  .4(> 

—  .50 

-..i2 

—  .70 

—  .70 

—  .Cirt 

—  .r>5 

—  .4 

-.3 

"oo 

+  .10 
+  .20 

+  .20 
+  .20 
+  .20 

+  .10 

.00 

—  .:i5 

—  .75 

—  .81 

—  .03 

—  .42 

—  .25 

—  .27 

—  .47 

—  .74 
—1.04 

—1.20 
-1.24 
-1.11 

—  .87 

—  .48 

■+'.':i6' 
+  .89 

+  .'sr 

+  .20 
+  .24 

+  .23 
+  .21 
+  .20 

+  .18 
+  .10 
+  .13 

+  .10 

+  .00 

00 

+  :'23 

+  .28 
+  .28 

+  .25 
+  .16 
+  .03 

—  .  13 

—  .31 

—  .47 

—  .00 

—  .70 

—  .78 

—  .81 

—  .79 

—  .74 

—  .66 

—  .  58 

—  .53 

—  .53 

—  .59 

—  .69 

—  .78 

—  .88 

—  .95 

—1.00 

-:'94 

—  .80 

—  .07 

—  .50 

—  .44 

—  .:i8 

—  .36 

—  .38 

—  .41 

—  .40 

—  .54 

—  .65 

-.73 

—  .82 

—  .90 

—  .90 
—1.00 
-1.07 

—1.14 
—1.20 
—1.38 

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— l.f>6 
—1.61 

— 1.C5 

+i:'29 

+1.18 
+  1.04 

+  .90 
+  .75 
+  .■^7 

+  .41 
+  .27 
+  .18 

+  .14 
+  .14 

+  .18 

+  .23 
+  .32 
+  .42 

+  ..54 

+  .62 
+  .(ki 

+  .65 
+  ..-.0 
+  .45 

+  .35 
+  .27 
+  .23 

+  .24 

—  "36 

—  .34 

—  .31 

—  .88 

—  .26 

—  .26 

—  .  28 

—  .31 

—  .31 

—  .27 

—  .  23 

—  .16 

—  .05 
+  .10 
+  .28 

+  .4- 
+  .68 

+  .83 

+  .93 
+  .96 
+  .92 

+  .85 
+  .75 
+  .60 

+  ..53 

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00 
00 

+  .02 
+  .04 
+  .'6 

+  .w 

+  .06 
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—  .04 

—  .02 
+  .05 

+  .  12 
+  .  15 
+  .14 

+  .10 
+  .05 
+  .05 

+  .08 
+  .12 
+  .  15 

+  .18 
+  .22 
+  .26 

+  ..30 

It 

00 
00 
00 

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+  .  12 

+  .18 

+  .23 
+  .20 

+  .30 
+  .33 
+  .35 

+  .37 
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+  .39 

+  .41 
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+  .46 

+  .49 
+  ..53 
+  ..VJ 

+  .(W 
+  .84 
+  1.1 

"oo 

+   .25 
+  .50 

+  .60 
+  .(iO 
+  .42 

+  .28 
+  .10 

—  .07 

—  .20 

—  .34 

—  .48 

—  .  .56 

—  .60 

—  ..59 

-.45 

—  .20 
+  .04 

+  .26 
+  .44 
+  .51 

+  .47 
+  .33 
+  .  16 

o 
+  UO 
+  8.-. 
+  80 

+  75 
+  70 
+  65 

+  60 
+  55 
+  50 

+  45 

+  40 

4-  :!5 

+  30 
+  25 
+  -.0 

+  15 

+  10 

+     5 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

00  i  —  30   1 

::::::: 

—  40 

—  .50 

—  (iO 

—  70 

—  CO 

—  do 

A.R. 

il 

.a 

5 

J3 

5 

i3 

•n 

(2 

A.R. 

k. 
0 

1 
2 
'1 

4 

5 
C 

7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 

_  ."19 

—  .14 

—  .09 
-.02 

+  .05 
+  .11 

+  .17 

+  .21 
+  .23 
+  .25 

+  .-:* 

+  .22 
+  .19 

n 

+  :'i3 

+  .08 
+  .03 

—  .02 

—  .07 

—  .12 

—  .16 

—  ,19 

—  .20 

—  .20 

—  .19 

—  .16 

—  .13 

—  ."24 

—  .24 

—  .23 

—  .19 

—  .  15 

—  .09 

—  .03 

+  .03 
+  .09 
+  .15 

+  .19 

+  .22 
+  .24 

-  :'23 

—  .22 
-.28 

—  .19 

—  .  15 

—  .09 

-  :'2i 

—  .21 

—  .21 

—  .18 

—  .  15 

—  10 

-:'i9 

—  .19 

—  .19 

—  .17 

—  .14 

—  .09 

—  .05 

00 

+  .0.-. 

+  .10 

+  .14 
+  .17 
+  .19 

-  :'o2 

—  .02 

—  .02 

—  .02 

—  .01 

—  .01 

—  .01 

00 

(HI 

+  .01 

+  .01 
+  .02 
+  .02 

// 

// 

h. 
12 
13 
14 

15 

16 

17 
18 

19 
20 
21 

ia 

83 
24 

_  .04     —  -115 

+  .02 
+  .08 
+  .  13 

+  .01 
+  .00 
J.  - 11 

+  .  17  1  +  .  l.i 
+  .21      -1-  -  l!l 

+  .23 

+  .21 

■?  i 


WbuD  tbe  argumeut  is  12'>  (»  24'>  tiie  si^iis  tire  tu  lie  rvversud. 


584 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[178J 


Recapitulation  ofiyttematie  correcliont — CoDtinued. 


l) 

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|170J 


RECAPITULATION  OP  SYSTEMATIC  COURECTIONS. 


585 


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586 


UNITED  STATES  NORTnEUN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[180J 


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When  tliu  argiinieut  ia  la*  to  24''  tbe  hIrds  uro  to  bo  revorsed. 


II 


IWIJ 


UECAI'ITULATION  OF  SYSTI-MATIC  COIMtKCTIONS. 


587 


liecapitulaHoH  of  HijHtetnativ  corrcctionn — CoiitiniUHl. 


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4-  4,^ 
4-  40 
4-  :i.'. 

4-  M 
+  a:. 
4-  ao 

4-  !•' 
-t-    10 

4-   r> 

0 

—  r. 

—  10 

—  1.") 

—  ao 

—  a.'i 

—  .-10 

—  :r) 

—  40 

—  fill 

—  (10 

—  70 

—  t(0 

—  DO 

4.:'a« 
4-  .47 
4-  .7a 

+  .04 

4-1.(10 
4-  .110 

4-  .70 
4-  .44 

4-.1H 

—  .01 

—  .a;i 

—  .a? 

—  .47 

—  .r.4 

—  .  :>:> 

—  .w 

—  .47 

—  .4:1 

—  .4:1 

—  .4:1 

—  .  4;. 

—  .:i9 

—  .;io 

—  .  IS 

—  .05 

"00 

(10 
00 

—  .01 

—  .O.'i 

—  .10 

—  .17 

—  .aa 

—  .ar. 

—  .ai! 

—  .ao 

—  .  ai) 

—  .aii 

—  .ati 

—  .  aii 

—  .!!,'■. 

—  .a;t 

—  .  10 

—  .la 

—  .(1.1 
4-  .0:1 

+  .n 

u 

II 
00 

—  .OJ 

—  .  1.1 

—  .ail 

—  .  a'> 

—  .;;ii 

—  'a\     -  ;'ir. 

—  .  18     —  .  la 

—  .ai     ~  .08 

—  .aa     —  .(la 

—  .aa     4-  .0:1 

—  .«;i     -I-   (17 

+  lid 

4  8.1 

-(•    hll 

4  T. 
4  7(1 
-|-  (m 

14-1.00] 

14-  .(i7J 
4-  .4H 

+  .11 

—  .(18 

—  .  1.') 

—  .  l.") 

—  .  1.'. 

—  .  U> 

—  .10 

—  .18 

—  .ai 

—  .  ao 

—  .:io 

—  .;ia 

—  .:«i 

—  .:w 

—  .40 

—  .:i4 

—  .aa 

—  .la 

—  .o.-> 
.00 

• 

—  .:i4 

—  .:i7 

—  .411 

-.41 

—  .la 

—  .4a 

—  .T, 

—  .:i;i 

—  .:i:i 

—  .40 
_  r,.j 

—  !().1 

—  .80 

—  1.00 

— i.ao 

—1.4:1 

—  l.lill 
— i.'.i:i 

[—8.  aoj 

—  .aa 

—  .'.0 

—  .ai 

—  .aa 

—  .ail 

—  .a;i 

—  .a:i 

—  .ai 

—  .ai 

—  .  Ill 

—  .  10 

—  .10 

—  .10 

—  .14 

-  .00 
00 

4-  •  la 

i  ■'• 
+  .111 

+  .  10 

4-  .ail 
4-  .  10 

4-.  17 

4-  .  1(1 
4-  .  14 

4-  .11 

4-   .08 

-1-  .0:1 

-  .01 

-  .07 

-  .la 

-  .  1.1 

4  CO  ' 

4-  ■•.'' ; 

+  fiO  j 
4  4.1  ' 
4  10 
-f  :i.-, 

4-  :io 
4  a.i 
4  ao 

4  1."' 
4-  111 
4    r. 

0 

~-    ,1 

—  10 

—  1.1 

—  ao  1 

—  as  ; 

—  :io  i 

—  :t,i  1 

—  4.1 

—  f  0 

—  (iO 
-70  j 

—  80 

—  90 

4-  . la  ;   -  . 10 
4-  .ao  ;   —  .0:1 

4-  .  40  1     4-  .  08 

1 

A.R. 

.2 

(5 

?5 

c 
I* 

0 

2b     i     s 

A.R, 

h. 

0 

1 

*» 

"t 

4 

r. 
(i 

7 
8 
0 

10 

11 

12 

// 

// 

n 

/' 

-/ 

/- 

t 

II             II      1       II 

la 
1:1 

14 

1.1 

10 
17 

IH 

111 

ao 
ai 

aa 
a'l 
a4 

::;;::;::;;;;:;;: 

] 



\ 

! 

1 

::::::::: 

j 

:::::.. 

} 



.1 

When  <bo  arRnnioot  is  la''  to  24''  tfcc  si|;ii8  aro  to  be  revorsotl. 


588 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[182] 


E<capitulation  of  systenwtic  corrections — Continuod. 


li 


d 

Wn  70,  tran- 
sit circle.(<i) 

Wn    71     and 
Wn  72.  tran- 
sit circlc.(A) 

«:r     1     gS.     ! 

t.    S          1         Z    K 

ft   '  rl   : 

«-  5      1      '-3      i 

B «             G!i 

Wn  CG  to  Wn 
71,uiural. 

Wn    72    and 
Wn  73,  mu- 
ral. 

Re  62. 

Re  63. 

i 

o 
+  90 
+  ft-. 
+  SO 

+  75 
+  70 
+  65 

1-  GO 
+  f,5 

+  50 

+  45 
+  40 
+  35 

+  30 
+  25 
+  20 

+  15 

+  10 

+    5 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  20 

—  25 

—  30 

—  35 

—  40 

—  f.O 

—  CO 

—  70 

—  N) 

—  90 

■     "CO 
00, 
00 

00 

CO  1 
00  ' 

.00 

—  .03 

—  .  (Hi 

—  .09 

—  .  23 

—  .41 

—  .45  • 

—  .46  , 

—  .47 

—  .47 

—  .47 

-.46 

—  .41 

—  .-M 

—  .31 

—  .31 

—  .31 
-.31 

=  ;^} 

—  .3! 

"oo 

00 
00 

00 
(Kl 
00 

1 
.00  i 

—  .05  1 

—  .10 

—  .16 

—  .22 

—  .20 

—  .30 

—  .33 

—  .;« 

—  .X\ 

—  .32 

—  .31 

—  .30 

—  .  29 
-.27 

—  .25 

".:o  j 

00 

00  ' 

+  .02 
+  .04 
+  .07 

+  .10 

+  .14 

+  .18 

+  .-.M 
+  .46 
+  .75 

+  .88 
+  .93 
+  .'.Hi 

+  .98 
+  .iW 
+  1.00 

+1.03 
+1.11 
+1. 19 

JL\    -in 

II        1 
+  .07  i 

—  .04 

—  .14  1 

—  .24 

—  .41  1 

—  .49  i 
-.50, 

—  .62 

-.68 

—  .40 

—  .03 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 

CO 
00 
00 

J-    nj 

"00 : 

(H) 
00 

00  ' 

—  .14 

—  .25 

—  .37 

—  .43 

—  .50 

—  .r.7 

—  .62 

—  .06 

—  .70 

—  .73 

—  .75 

—  .75 

—  .75 

—  .70 

—  .no 

—  .44 

—  .25 

i 

+  :'45 ! 

+  .45  i 
+  .45  ' 

+  .45 
+  .31 
+  .'.0 

+  .08 
+  .0;" 

—  .00 

—  .12 

—  .17 

—  .21 

—  .25 

—  .28 

—  .30 

-.30 

—  .30 

—  .25 

—  .14 
+  .01 

+  .20 

00 

—  .26 

—  .48 

—  .  titi 

—  .86 
—1.03 

—1.21 

—  1.30 

—  1.49 

— 1..V. 

—  1.00 

—  l.tiO 

-1.52 

—  1.51 

—  l.OU 

—1.08 
— 1.C7 

—  1.54 

—1.14 

—  .78 

—  .  r.9 

-.43 

—  .  30 

—  .20 

—  .10 

"oo! 

—  .17  1 

—  .34 

—  .ro 

—  .03 

—  .73 

—  .81 

—  .87 

—  .IHI 

—  .'.W 
-.90 

—  .85 

—  .  So 
-l.CO 
-1.20 

-1.23 

—  1.20 

—  .87 

-.;w 

—  .10 

+  .02 

+  .09 
+  .13 
+  .16 

+  .18 

+  :'4o  i 

+  .26 
+  .13 

(H) 

—  .13 
-.20 

—  .40 

—  .X> 

—  .70 

—  .75 

—  .SO 

—  .74 

—  .62 

—  .55 

—  .50 

—  .50 

—  .42 

—  .20 

+  .25 

+  .48 
+  .5(i 

+  .56 
+  .68 
+  .6.5 

+  .72 

o 
+  '.K) 

+  85 
+  80 

+  75 
+  70 
+  65 

+  60 
+  5.5 
+  50 

+  45 

+  40 

+  :i5 

+  30 
+  25 
+  20 

+  15 
+  10 
+     5 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  20 

—  25 

—  30 

—  35 

—  40 

—  .50 

—  CO 

—  70 

—  hO 

—  90 

—  .23  j     -i-i.r«i  1     -i-  .10 

—  .21       J-1  45  :     -u     •«> 

—  .19 

—  .  17 

+1.53 

+  .42 
4-  ..53 

i 

—  .15 

^            1 

1 j 

]                                      i 

1                      •                 ••                              ^ 





:::::'.:;:l::::::;;:!;::::;:::::::::::: 

"", 

A.R. 

d 

a 

■a 

n 

a 

1 

a 

an 

It 

2 

3 

3 

A.R. 

h. 
0 

1 

a 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 

8 
9 

10 
11 
12 

// 

II 

// 

// 

;/ 

If 

II 

h. 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 

19 
20 
21 

22 
23 





1 

24 

i 

When  the  nr»?iiment  U  IS'  to  84''  the  sifins  are  tu  bo  reversed. 


1183] 


RECAPITULATION  OF  SYSTEMATIC  CORRECTIONS. 


589 


Recapitulation  of  systematic  corrections — Continueil. 


« 

!3 

d 

^ 

i    ^ 

1   l§ 

n 

& 

+  :'i7 

+  .a4 

+  .33 

+  .40 
+  .48 
+  .50 

+  .51 
-(-  .49 
+  .43 

+  .:w 

+  .  15 

—  .07 

—  .31 

—  .17 

+  .08 

+  .33 
+  .44 
+  .40 

+  .30 
+  .18 
+  .07 

—  .03 

—  .11 

—  .30 

—  .38 

n 

& 

"oo 

4  31 
4  .39 

+  ..53 
+  .  67 
+  .80 

+  .86 
+  .83 
+  .70 

+  .47 
+  .31 

—  .02 

—  .13 

—  .0«i 
+  .10 

+  .ai 

+  .23 
+  .11 

—  .09 

—  .26 

—  .34 

—  .:«■> 

—  .30 

—  .25 

—  .30 

i 

c 
+  OO 
+  85 
+  fcO 

+  -5 
+  '0 
+  C6 

+  (iO 
+  55 
+  f.O 

+  45 
+  40 

+  ;(5 
+  :to 

+  25 
+  20 

+  15 
+  10 

+  s 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  -iO 

—  25 

—  X> 

+  ."10 

+  .'-» 

+  .:w 

+  .41 
+  .40 
+  .31 

+  .20 
+  .08 

—  .03 

—  .10 

—  .14 

—  .18 

—  .18 

—  .18 

—  .ai 

—  .33 

—  .4a 

—  .ati 

+  .13 
+  .40 
+  ..VJ 

+  .62 

+   .80 
H  .90 

+1. 80 

+  ;'m 

+1.00 
+1.20 

+1.  43 
+  1.50 
+  1.41 

+1.21 
+  .'.Hi 
+  .00 

+  .47 

+  .ao 

—  .oa 

—  .14 

—  .30 

—  .51 

—  .88 
—1.06 
—1.11 

—  .93 

—  .91 
—1.06 

—1.30 
—1.  .57 

-1.83 

—2. 10 

"oo 

(H) 
00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

—  .10 

—  .23 

~  .37 

—  .46 

—  .48 

—  .47 

—  .  49 

—  .58 

—  .73 

—  .88 
-1. 00 

—  .88 

—  .74 

—  .79 

—  .89 
—1.05 
— l.*i 

—1.40 

+  :'io 

1  +  .  15 
+  .18 

+  .  19 
+  .20 

+  .18 

+  .13 

+  .08 
01' 

—  S-. 

—  iO 
-  .  09 

+  .03 
+  .12 
+  .07 

—  .06 

—  .10 

—  .10 

—  .10 

—  .20 

—  .  35 

—  .f>l 

—  .67 

—  .83 

—1. 00 

00 
00 
00 

—  .03 

—  .  06 

—  .12 

—  .23 

—  .30 

—  .34 

—  .  33 

—  .37 

—  .38 

-.28 

—  .  33 

-.48 

—  .62 
-.6«i 

-.47 

—  .40 

—  .40 

—  .40 

—  .40 

—  .;!5 

—  .:io 

+  "lO 
i  +  .  !■! 
j  +.17 

1  +  .  19 
!  +  .20 
i  +  .  19 

!  +.17 
i  +  .  12 
!  +.11 

1  -.01 

1  —  .  23 
i  —  .  f)0 

j  -.63 

—  .65 

—  .40 

00 
+  .26 
+  .20 

00 

—  .35 

—  .50 

—  .(i5 

—  .80 

—  .90 

—1.00 

+  :'33 

+  .27 
+  .31 

+  . :«; 

+  .40 
+  -43 

+  .44 
+  .41 

+  .:i5 

+  .33 
+  .10 

—  .10 

-.a: 

—  .35 

—  .10 

+  .30 
+  .40 

+  .:i6 

+  .18 
+  .03 

—  .11 

—  .34 

—  .34 

—  .  43 

—  .50 

1    o 
1  +  90 
,  +  85 
+  80 

'  +  75 
+  70 
+  65 

+  60 
+  55 
+  ,50 

+  45 
+  40 
+  35 

+  :;o 

+  35 
+  30 

+  10 
+  15 

+  r. 

0 

—  5 

—  10 

—  15 

—  20 

—  35 

—  30 

—  35 

—  40 

—  .50 

—  60 

—  70 

—  80 

—  90 

—  40 

—  50 

—  m 

—  70 

--  ^0 
-  90 

A.E. 

h. 

0 

1 
.^> 

fi 

4 

5 
ti 

7 
8 
9 

10 
11 

la 

......... 





.  .  . 

[ 

t 

1 

■ 

1 

.  .. 



II 

n 

A.R. 

It 

// 

// 

II 

//         // 


tl 

II 

A. 
13 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 

19 
2u 
21 

aa 

33 
34 



j 

■  "  *  *  ■  •  •  •  " 

■  ■  .  . 

1 

;;:;;:;::i 

1 

Wlien  till)  nrKUiiiunt  \»  V^  tu  34'>  the  sigua  iiru  to  bu  rovurseu. 

For  giuicriil  explauutiun  we  .Svctiuim  Vlll.  n.nd  X. 

Abff*.— Ill  u  fnw  Ciwiw  tlio  oorrectidus  of  tb«i  tiilile  nro  only  npplioiililu  to  <1«clit>atioiif)  by  direct  obser- 
viitious  above  tho  pole.  For  tbese,  wbcro  it  is  tbongbt  to  be  worthwhile,  the  correoliouti  to  deolinn- 
tioiis,  as  they  result  fron<  obscrvntious  below  the  polo,  are  given  iu  the  follow  iug  tjible. 


'n. 


I'l 


590  UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION.  fl84] 

For  obgervations  below  the  pole. 


6 

Co  36  and 
Co  37. 

Eh  4!. 

Eh  42. 

Eh  43. 

Eh  44. 

Wn  45. 

Co  45  to 
Co  51. 

Wn  61  and 
Wn62. 

6 

0 

// 

// 

// 

II 

// 

// 

»/ 

// 

o 

+  90 
+  85 
+  SO 

+  .09 
+  .09 
+  .09 

—  .83 

—  .17 

+  .01 

+  .94 
+1.06 
+1.16 

—1.29 
—1.30 
—1.39 

+  .36 
+  .37 
+  .37 

+  .35 
+  .39 
+  .40 

+  .43 
+  .43 
+  .43 

+  .76 
+  .79 
+  .80 

+  90 
+  85 
+  80 

+  75 
+  70 
+  65 
+  CO 

+  .09 
+  .Oi 

—  .09 

—  .23 

+  .13 

+1.24 

—1.37 

+  .34 

+  .39 
+  .35 

+  75 
+  70 
+  65 
+  60 

Wn  03  to 
Wn  65. 

Washington  transit  circle. 

S 

Wn66. 

Wn  67  ( be- 
fore Juno  1). 

Wn  07  (nftcr 
June  1.) 

Wn68. 

Wn  09. 

Wn74. 

V 

c 

// 

// 

II 

// 

u 

// 

// 

o 

+  90 

+  85 
+  80 

+  .55 
+  .58 
+  .59 

+  .99 
+  .36 
+  .44 

z: 

20 
16 
11 

—  .54 

—  .50 

—  .45 

+  .14 
+  .10 
+  .07 

+  .15 
+  .19 
+  .25 

—  .07 

—  .17 

—  .28 

+  90 

+  85 
+  80 

+  75 
+  70 

+  .58 
+  .55 

+  .53 
+  .62 

+  • 

03 
00 

—  .37 

—  .28 

+  .06 
+  .05 

+  .33 
+  .41 

-  .38 

—  .48 

+  75 
+  70 

Tliese  corrections  are  in  the  cases  of  Co  36  to  Co  37,  Wn  45,  Co  45  to  Co  51,  Wn  61  and  Wn  62,  and 
Wn  63  to  Wu  65,  derived  moruly  by  the  addition  of  a  conntant  to  Ibo  correction  for  declinations  nbovo 
the  pole. 

(o)  CorrecUonet  ultimce,  pp.  351  to  371  of  Struv's  Pos.  Med.  (It30)  mnst  bo  added  for  each  star  to 
the  correction  of  Dt  24,  in  order  to  make  it  applic.tblo  to  Dt  30, 

(b)  Ko  45.  The  corrections,  with  reversed  signs,  pp.  viii  to  xi  Int.  to  Kadclifie  catalogue  for  1845 
must  bo  added. 

(o)  Tlio  curve  southward  from  —  10°  ig  probably  very  near  Ms  35  —  0".4. 

(d)  Re  58.  Tho  correction,  pp.  xviii  and  six  Int.  to  second  CadclifTe  catalogue, '  lUst  bo  added,  with 
reversed  signs. 

(c)  Mo  62.  Tbo  important  eiTcct  of  tho  correction  given  in  tbo  table,  pp.  xxii  to  xxiv,  introduction 
to  tho  catalogue,  varies  too  r.ipidly  to  lie  iucluded  here.    Tho  two  corrections  must  therefore  be  added. 

(/)  Observations  tulcen  from  Donn  Beob.  Dd.  vi  require  the  further  correction  given  in  Int.,  p.  xiv. 

(i/)  The  corrections  to  Wn  66-69  (transit  circle)  aio  npplicablo  to  tbo  mean  declinations  of  tho 
detailed  observations  after  these  havo  been  corrected  for  division  error  only.  The  effect  of  the  latter 
might  have  boon  included ;  but  grcaver  accuracy,  in  interpolating,  lesalts  from  the  .oovo  course. 

(k)  Applicable  to  declinations  of  the  catalogues. 


I 


Ill 


CATALOGUE  OF  500  STARS 


THE  EPOCH  1875.0, 


CONTAINING  DECLINATIONS  WITH  THEIR  ANNUAL  VARIATIONS  AND  OTHER 

TERMS  OF  PRECESSION. 


COMPILED  1 KOJI  OUIGINAL  AUTHORITIES. 


591 


592 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


flSflJ 


Catalogue  of  500  ttari 


a 

a 
a 

% 

B 
a 

"1 

1 

4 

2 

7 

3 

26 

•4 

46 

•6 

67 

6 

8!) 

•7 

120 

H 

126 

9 

IM 

10 

155 

11 

166 

VI 

169 

•la 

175 

14 

196 

ir> 

194 

•16 

198 

17 

215 

18 

218 

•19 

219 

•ao 

239 

31 

25:j 

'-ii 

2:.9 

%\ 

2t« 

••i\ 

25 

3.14 

•2ti 

345 

27 

395 

28 

31)0 

•29 

4Ut 

30 

416 

31 

420 

•32 

4;i8 

:i:i 

447 

34 

453 

•35 

474 

•30 

487 

37 

M7 

*3ri 

522 

39 

537 

•40 

560 

41 

564 

42 

51.9 

43 

577 

44 

600 

•46 

611 

Nnme, 


a  Androiuedie  , 
(i  CiifMiopeiD  . . . 
/    Pegusi 


p    Andromeclus  . 
f)    Hydri 


K  Cassiopeo) . . . 
C  CiwsiopMe... 
ir    Androiuedie  . 


d    Andromedte  . 
a    CossiopeiB . . . 


a  cou 

21  CossiopecB . . 


o  CassiopetB. .. 

C  Androiuedie  . 

i\  CuHsiopeiB  . . . 

V  CiUiBiopetD  . . , 


)'    Cnssiopeuj  ■ . . 
/i    AndroniediB  . 

e     PJHOinni 

(LL.  1985)   ., 
/)    Andromedu)  . 


82  Piacinm 

V    Piscium 

a    UrsiD  Miuoris . 

91  Pisciiiui 

i    Cusaiupete . . . . 


ei   Ceti 

38  CusBiupeie. 
y  PlieuioiH... 
rt    PiRuiuni  ... 


51  Androniedfe  . 

1  Kridani 

54  AndroniediB 
0    Pidchim 

2  Persei 


e     CnssiopeiB . 
a    TriauKnli  . 

/i    Ariutiit 

50  Ciwsiopeio . 
Ki  Ca88iopeffi . 


1 

2.5 

2 

6 


6 

4 

4 

4.5 

3 

3 

(i 
?.5 
5.5 

5.5 
4 
4 

5 
5.5 

3 
4 
4 


5.5 
2 
6 
3 


4 

5 
6 

3 
3.5 
3 
4 
6 


5i  . 
a  iiO 
S  S" 

c  u  . 
u.a  a 

CMS 

< 


h.  m.     8. 

0  01  55.  8 
02  31, 1 
06  48.  0 
lU  15.1 
14  32.4 

19  09. 1 

24  17.6 

25  54. 5 
30  01.0 
30  12.5 

32  38. 8 

33  25. 5 

34  37.5 
37  18.8 
37  25. 6 

37  4.5.9 

40  43. 0 

41  32.8 
41  4,5.5 
45  37. 5 

49  10.7 
49  49. 2 
56  27.  4 

1  02  25. 9 
02  44. 3 

04  13.4 

12  3(i.  0 

13  00. 2 

14  12.9 
17  39.3 

17  16.5 

21  .57.4 

22  56. 1 
24  47.7 
28  49.2 

30  19.6 
33  (13. 3 
:!5  .50.2 
3H  47.7 

44  13.  1 

45  25.  4 
45  57.  6 
47  41.2 

52  47.9 

53  46. 4 


+  3.089 
+  3. 162 
+  3.082 
+  3. 183 
+  3. 141 

+  3.2Ui 
+  3.  IKi 
+  3.3.58 
+  3.  3(K» 
+  3.  188 

+  3.  lihj 
+  3.  3iai 
+  3.  .510 
+  3.012 
+  3.834 

+  3.  314 
+  3,  l(i9 
+  3.  581 
+  3.367 
+  3.530 

+  .3.  .566 
+  3.304 
+  3. 109 
+  3.  96(i 
+  3.  310 

+  3.291 
+  3.283 
+20. 8<W 
+  3.301 
+  3.870 

+  2.998 
+  4.357 
+  2.612 
-j-  3. 199 
+  3.630 

+  3.648 
+  2.240 
+  3.726 
+  3.  162 
+  3.781 

+  4.245 
+  3.40.1 
+  3.301 
+  4.981 
-j-  4.365 


rfC 


+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


18 
54 
10 
60 
26 

154 
24 
70 
49 
24 

22 

.55 

87 

6 

160 

41 
18 
64 
46 
71 


+  71 

+  30 

+  09 

H-  113 

+  29 

+  25 

+  22 
+15068 

+  23 

+  79 

+  02 

+  144 

—  13 

+  14 

+  48 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


48 
13 
,53 
11 
54 


A<! 


^It' 


—  .43 

—  .07 

—  .41 
+  .35 

—  .;r. 

—  .11 

—I.  15 

+  .78 

—  .10 
+  .98 

+  .35 

—  .01 
+  .51 

—  .03 
+1.11 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


.79 
.43 

.97 
..50 


+ 

.26 
.35 

— 

.41 

+ 

.60 
.51 

+ 

.47 

.37 

+  .02 

—  .46 
+  .02 

+  .01 

—  .87 

—  .48 
—1.15 

—  .25 

—  .17 

—  .00 

—  .58 

—  ..57 
+  .61 


99 

+  .09 

25 

+  .23 

18 

—  .  ,53 

186 

+  1.  06 

11 

+  .45  , 

—  .99 
+  .f-l 

—  .  45 
+2.24 
— l.lKt 

—  1.30 
—8.  30 
+  .23 

—  .14 
+  .30 

+  1.45 

—  .17 
+1.72 
+  .  49 
+2. 43 

—  .47 

+2.72 
+1.35 
+1.34 
+1.44 

+1.,57 

—  .86 

—  .37 
+  1.70 
—2. 63 

+1.36 
—1. 15 

—  .26 

—  .71 
+  .34 

—  .,53 
—2.  8(i 
—3. 58 
—2. 54 
+  .20 

+  .61 

—  1.74 
-2.  19 
—1.17 
+  .61 

—  .47 
+  .53 
—1.40 
+2.  35 
+  .95 


[187J 

for  the  epoch  1875.0. 


CATALOGUE  OF  500  STARS. 


598 


n    . 

a  ,- 

error 
111  va- 

a 
0 

'2, 

Declination, 

1875.0. 

V 

i 

5  - 

< 

rf-M 

i=-^ 

b  a 

J- 

1 

.  o 

/ 

11 

„ 

'* 

/' 

„ 

:  1 

1 

+  28 

21 

00.  70 

.00 

20 

+    19.8800 

.  0021 

—     124 

-     102 



1009 

2 

+  fiH 

27 

lld.lil! 

.12 

0 

+  10.811(11 

.  0030 

—     140 

—     109 



1929 

;t 

+  11 

2ii 

18.(17 

.00 

24 

+  2O.(J209 

.  0022 

—    220 

-     101 

— 

0185  : 

*l 

+  (10 

50 

18.  (10 

.:!5 

I 

+  20.01105 

.0102 

—     294 

-     Ill 

-f- 

0024  ' 

*5 

+  ;i7 

Ifl 

1111.11 

.10 

8 

+  10.0409 

.  0050 

—    370 

—     109 

0070 

(> 

—  /7 

57 

1!0.  11 

.20 

1 

+  211.2012 

.  0099 

-     4.5fi 

—     114 

+ 

3070  ! 

*r 

+  H2 

.51! 

28. 25 

.29 

1 

+  lO.KHI 

.015 

—     58.| 

—     107 

(1.59 

8 

+  02 

14 

20.  (18 

.21 

*i 

+  10.0227 

.  (10,57 

—     OIW 

—     130 

— 

0(177  1 

i» 

+  r.;i 

12 

110. 04 

.111 

,5 

+   10.8021 

.0041 

—    710 

—     124 

— 

0204 

lu 

+  :i:i 

01 

50.  08 

.  22 

2 

+  10.8723 

.  (10.57 

—     097 

—     HI 

— 

0(180 

11 

+  :«) 

10 

35.  27 

.10 

3 

+  10.7470 

.  0055 

-     748 

—     Ill 

_. 

1035 

Vi 

+  5.5 

51 

05. 12 

.07 

20 

+   10.8(1110 

.111122 

—     80(1 

—     1110 



04117  , 

*i:l 

+  (15 

27 

41.C(i 

.24 

*> 

+  10.  fO.'iO 

.0111 

—     0.18 

—     8,5(1 

— 

0208  1 

11 

—  18 

40 

2H.  21t 

.07 

lii 

+  10.81110 

.  0(1113 

—     800 

—       93 

+ 

0219 

15 

+  74 

18 

15.  (18 

.12 

0 

+  10.7007 

.  0048 

—    901 

—     191 

0207 

•l(i 

+  47 

115 

50.  48 

.12 

0 

+  10.7748 

.0048 

—    877 

-     124 



0077  1 

17 

+  2:1 

115 

12.  (10 

.17 

1! 

+  10.0018 

.  0058 

—     900 

—     108 

— 

0738 

18 

+  57 

ti'J 

08. 21! 

.11 

1 

+  19.2481 

.  0037 

—  1071 

-     1.55 

— 

4775 

•111 

+  60 

17 

(iO.  117 

.27 

1 

+  10.0057 

.  0070 

—    974 

—     129 

_ 

020(1 

-M 

+  (iO 

20 

17. 115 

.20 

1 

+  10.8180 

.0081 

—  1100 

—     140 

+ 

1004 

21 

+  (in 

02 

21.. "lO 

.10 

9 

+  10.  .5780 

.0041 

—  1191 

—     1.53 

, 

0103  ' 

**'J 

+  :i7 

4!) 

14.00 

.12 

7 

+  i!'..>or 

.1111.18 

—  1121 

—     122 

+ 

01174 

ait 

+     7 

12 

.50.  01! 

.07 

17 

+  10.4721 

.  00115 

—  1188 

—     101 

+ 

021111  i 

•24 

i>5 

+  (17 

+  :m 

(Ki 
57 

411.  88 
20.  00 

+  10.3107 
+   10.  lr-.52 

—  1055 

—  1400 

—  205 

—  125 

+ 

002 
1223 

".'io 

"uV 

""".'("iiii'iV 

•9f) 

+  ;io 

45 

111!.  01 

.1111 

1 

+  10.21100 

.0121 

—  1411 

—     119 

_ 

0024  ; 

y7 

+  20 

ll(> 

22.  511 

.10 

3 

+  10.  (ili>0 

.0051 

—  1.574 

—     117 

— 

0175  : 

28 

+  88 

1!8 

I!ll.  8(1 

.(111 

on 

+  10.0158 

.dOlll 

—  9070 

—111108 

+ 

01104  1 

•211 

+  2-.' 

05 

Oil.  118 

.24 

1 

+  18.0158 

.0000 

—  1013 

—     119 

0901  j 

:to 

+  5!) 

115 

04.  02 

.11! 

5 

+  18.^504 

.  0030 

—  1978 

—     188 

0540  i 

:n 

—     8 

40 

44.  Ill 

.07 

17 

+  18.0:02 

.  0033 

—  1.534 

—       90 

2203  j 

•:w 

+  (I'.t 

117 

12.  Kt 

.17 

3 

+  18.71110 

.  00.57 

—  2318 

—     201 

— 

07,5(1 

:i;i 

—  41! 

57 

112.  48 

.110 

1 

+   18.5100 

.0105 

—  1427 

—       00 

+ 

1312 

:!i 

+  M 

42 

02.  05 

.08 

1(1 

+  I-'.  0-08 

.00115 

—  17(W 

—     107 

0(174 

•:!,-. 

+  48 

05 

(III.  112 

.  nil 

1 

+   I8.r,18(l 

.  0008 

—  20,-':i 

—     1.55 

— 

0100 

•;ta 

+  il 

50 

1!8.  47 

.11 

7 

+  18.:!078 

.  0030 

—  2125 

-     1.50 



11-9 

37 

—  iw 

52 

20.1   ■ 

22 

)i 

+  18.  u;,;:! 

.  00-0 

—  1375 

—       411 

— 

0474 

•:i8 

+  ;,0 

0;! 

28.,,- 

ii' 

0 

•   18.2051 

.('040 

—  2282 

—     104 

— 

(III119 

:!'j 

+     t' 

Ill 

110.  f  1 

.00 

12 

■   H.  24.50 

.  oo;i7 

—  2009 

-     102 

+ 

0201! 

•40 

+  50 

10 

25.  57 

.311 

1 

+  17.9714 

.0008 

—  2490 

—      108 

04  19 

41 

+  (111 

01! 

11.61! 

.11 

8 

+  17.91.50 

.  0034 

—  2828 

—    234 



0247 

42 

+  28 

58 

08. 1(1 

.20 

•j 

+  17.7131 

.  005,- 

—  22!ll 

—     125 

— 

23,57 

4;) 

+  20 

11 

45.  04 

.07 

19 

+   17.7000 

.  (10:15 

*J2li2 

—   nil 

^ 

11-0 

14 

+  71 

48 

511.  84 

.10 

10 

+  17.0075 

.0030 

—  .'i.-iii:'! 

—     1157 

+ 

(1235 

•45 

4-  (111 

47 

00. 78 

.32 

1 

+  17.0109 

.  0079 

-    3108 

-    248 

+ 

0135 

11 


W4 


N  B- 


-38 


594  UNITED  STATES  xNOKTHEUN  BOUNDAKV  COMMISSION.  (I88J 

CaUiloffue  i<f  fiOO  utarn 


n\ 


"^ 


a 

;5 


4r. 

47 

•4-* 
4!) 

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iV.' 

•ri4 

55 

r>(! 

57 

5H 

51t 

•00 

Gl 

!>:! 

(i4 
05 

Ofi 

•(i7 

*()M 

*(;<» 

70 

71 
7v! 

*7:! 

*74 


•7fi 
77 

78 
•7!l 
•fO 

HI 

h:i 

84 

•e5 

87 
H.H 

m 

DO 


ij  i 


(ii>8 
li4H 
(ioG 
•184 
744 

752 
700 
777 

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8-,'7 

K!7 

87a 

885 
890 

9;J7 

040 
047 
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9G:i 

!)li-2 
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000 

loao 
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1057 

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1007 
1101 

1 1-."J 

1 1->7 
11(10 
l'J07 

l-Jo;t 

1234 
1254 
12;i5 
1201) 
1287 

i;)2a 

l;!70 
1420 
145(> 
1474 


Nnine. 


y  AmlroinediD  ... 

II    Ariptis 

.)   Ti'iiiii);iili 

f   Cell 

1     CasKiopem 


11  Triangiili 
i'   Cell  


//     Ai'iftis  . 
0    Persei.. 


y  Coti..... 
7,  IVrsei... 
41  Ariel  U  .. 
T     Persoi  .. 


(/'  Eridaui 

n  Ceti 

y  I'eiHei .  - 

p  PerHei. . 

j)  PerHei . . 


P. 


f  Arieiis . 
00  Arietis  . 
,:     Peiaei. 


'rami 
Tumi 


S     Pei'Bei . 


7}    Taiiri  . 
i    Pcrsei . 


S    Persoi . . 

)'    Eiiilani 
\     Persei.. 


48  Pi  rsei . 
^    IVrsei. 


0.  5 

4 
5.5 

0 

4 

:i 
4 
:t 

5 
0 

:!.  5 

2.  5 

as 

4 

2.5 

4 

r.  r. 


Tuiiri 3.5 

Taiiri 3.5 

Tuiiri 1 

Cuiiieloparili 

Cuiiiclojiarili 4 


a  o 

"  a 


4.  5 
4 

0 

0.  5 

3 

li 

3 

3.  5 


2.5  I 
4.5 

0     I 

,"» 
4.5 


h,    HI.       K. 

1  .-,0  13.0 

2  00  07.8 
02  011.7 
0(i  22.5 
18  47.5 

20  03.  H 

21  30.  i) 
20  11.4 
35  10.3 
35  40.2 

30  40.  5 

41  3.5.5 

42  37.8 
45  21.3 
40  33.  8 

.53  31.2 
.55  44.  K 
,55  4.5.  3 
.57  10.3 

3  00  02. 4 

00  03.  3 
04  32.  1 
07  43.  1 
13  01.2 
15  24.  4 

IS  05.  3 

20  23.  8 

21  33.3 

27  51.4 
34  01.8 

31  12.7 
40  03.  4 
4t)  10.0 

40  21.7 
.^'1  51.5 

.52  11.8 
.57  10.7 
.57  58. 1 
50  3.5.5 

4  05  43.  5 

12  40.9 
21  19.1 

28  4.5.0 
37  35  9 

41  38,0 


+  3.1.52 

+  3.30H 

+  3.,5.-.0 

+  3.  170 

+  4.844 

+  3.  .5:15 

+  3. 181 

+  .5.  ,553 

4-  3.3/0 

+  4.001 

+  3. 103 
+  4.333 
+  3.514 
+  4.212 
4-  7.008 

+  a.  274 
+  3. 129 
+  4.307 
+  3.821 
+  3.  878 

+  4.294 
+  7.300 
+  3.430 
+  3.  ,542 
+  4.249 

+  3.221 
+  3.214 
+  0.430 
+  3.708 
+  4.241 

+  5.000 
+  3.5.55 
+  3.757 
+  .5.242 
+  3.ft73 

+  2.791 
+  4.440 
+  10.8.53 
+  4.331 
+  4.380 

+  3.408 
+  3.40<i 
H-  3.430 
+  4.909 
+  .5.915 


III' 


+ 
4- 

+ 
+ 
+ 


30 
2  I 
311 
12 
131 


+  -^ 

+  12 

+  200 

+  Irt 

+  r.i 

+  9 

-t-  08 

+  23 

+  ,58 

+  457 

+  T 

+  10 

+  59 

+  33 

+  35 

+  52 

+  3.53 

+  18 

+  20 

+  48 

+  11 

+  I-' 

+  201 

+  24 

+  41 

+  110 

+  1-^ 

+  22 

+  84 

+  25 

+  -I 

+  42 
+  1811 

+  37 

+  37 

+  11 

+  12 

+  10 

+  40 

+  09 


a,i 


+  .  34 

—  .  35 

—  .32 

—  .20 

—  .  03 

—  .42 

—  .  10 
+  .30 

—  .20 
+1.14 

—  ..5<i 
+  .00 

—  .09 

—  .08 

+  .r,5 

—  .43 

—  .17 

+  .49 

—  .41 

—  .07 

+  .23 
+  .48 

—  .23 

—  .21 

—  .04 

—  .22 
+  1.52 
+  .(H 
+  .12 

—  .30 

—  .13 

—  .37 

—  .29 

—  .21 

—  .84 

—  .34 

—  .  15 
+  .80 

—  .I-7 
+  .13 

—  .88 

—  .13 

—  .25 
+  .28 

—  .  24 


I 


>' 


+  .40 

—  .75 

—  .10 

—  .43 
+  ." 

+  .07 
+  .28 
+1.57 

—  .22 
+  1.29 

—  .45 
+3. 10 
+  .  15 
+  .40 
+2.  19 

—1.35 

+  .•-'! 
+  1.17 
—1.27 

—  1.02 

-1.18 
+1.41 

—  .32 
:i4 
5(i 


+ 
+ 


+  .*7  j 
+2.78  I 
+  .90  I 
—  .08 


+ 


30 
78 

—  .73 

—  .2(i 
-.71 

+  .40 

—  .37 

+3.  28 

—  .90 

+  .,58 

—2. 55 
—1.07 

—  1.08 
+  .00 
-2.14 


1 189] 


CATALOGUE  Ol'  500  STAUS. 


596 


for  the  epoch  IS'iS.O— Contiiiiii'd. 


rt    . 

=   3 

a 



u 

0 

^■n 

*i-  ~. 

t  j^ 

*',- 

er  0 

"a 

si 

DeclinnI 

ion, 

1875.0. 

_si 

^• 

.IS 

4  1  g 

rf-1 

(f(I 

-- 

- 
a 
1 

"3  e 

'Z 

4c3 

L,     C     ^ 

ill' 

II 

rfi'' 

s 

a 

, 

„ 

'■ 

It 

// 

■u; 

+  u 

4;i 

4;i.  HI 

.1:1 

r, 

+    17.4070 

.  (miik; 

—  200:1 

—     149 

_ 

.0021 

47 

+  'i.i 

5-i 

111.  17 

.00 

25 

+  17.210:1 

.(021 

—  254-1 

—   no 



.  1515 

MS 

+  :!i 

•Jl! 

4l.7:t 

.11 

7 

+   I7.224H 

.  (iii;i7 

—  2714 

—     1:10 



.0490 

4!t 

+     8 

15 

:t,i.  55 

.11 

8 

-j-   IT.OOI'iO 

.01140 

—  2192 

—       97 



.01,5;! 

•■■>(! 

+  Wi 

50 

19.  27 

.11 

7 

+  10.4920 

.004;! 

—  4097 

—   ;iio 

-f 

.  0047 

•51 

+  ;!i 

14 

19.04 

.25 

1 

+  10.;1870 

.  0075 

—  I'OIll 

—     129 

.  o:i7;t 

W 

+     7 

5;t 

5.5.  o;t 

.0-1 

14 

+  iii.:i:i(;9 

.00;!0 

—  27.-.8 

-        95 



.014,' 

nit 

+  ••-' 

10 

09.  ,50 

.19 

:! 

4-  10.  ll."0 

.1100;! 

—  4-ii-:i 

—     4:12 

-f 

.001; 

•r..i 

+  l'.» 

28 

Hf.91 

.  22 

*> 

-1-  i.'i.  :.0H2 

.(■ii;:i 

—  ;ii48 

—     107 

.  ( 151 2 

no 

+  48 

41 

53.24 

!20 

>} 

-1-  15.  ,-.o;>o 

.1.051 

—  :i.-i9 

—     181 

— 

.09.-1 

«i 

+     •-• 

42 

28. 10 

.08 

10 

+  1.5.;iH20 

.(1029 

—  2919 

—       85 

.  1.575 

57 

+  55 

22 

29.  40 

.211 

2 

+  15.2100 

.  0005 

—   1100 

—     21:1 



.  0200 

r>H 

+  yi; 

41 

:i7. 79 

.11 

7 

+   1.5.1.911 

.  0042 

—  :i407 

-      118 



.  1195 

wt 

+  5-.' 

14 

50.  91 

.1:! 

5 

+   1.5.0127 

.0048 

—  4122 

—     194 



.0114 

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+  -8 

55 

10.59 

.10 

4 

+  ll.^l-;l 

.  005:! 

—  7010 

—    904 

+ 

.0009 

fil 

—  40 

48 

22.  o:i 

.  29 

1 

+  M.(;222 

.0101 

—  2:1:10 

—       45 

-f- 

.0405 

(« 

+    :! 

:t5 

52.  h9 

.00 

22 

+  ii.;i.v.;i 

.oo.';i 

—  :1220 

—       H2 

.  O1-59 

(i:t 

+  5:i 

00 

54.  54 

.  2;! 

2 

+  ii.4;!-^i 

.  (tO(W 

—   1 124 

-     19r< 



.  002:! 

(14 

+  :w 

21 

1.5.  :i9 

.20 

.J 

+   14.2417 

.000! 

—  ;i9o:i 

—     141 



.1127 

«5 

+  40 

28 

20.  18 

.09 

12 

+   14.  1057 

.  00-J9 

—  4058 

—     140 

- 

.0122 

nn 

+  49 

08 

01.  111! 

.21 

2 

+  14.0-5;t 

.0001 

—  4(;:ii 

—     19:1 

.  0918 

•07 

+  " 

10 

19.  19 

.11 

7 

+   1;!.  81.52 

.0051 

—  7819 

—     70:1 



.0519 

•(i8 

+  -JO 

;i4 

•10. 80 

.11 

7 

+   l:!.0107 

.(1012 

—  ;i7io 

—     101 



.o-'42 

'(i'J 

+  t'5 

12 

ll-'.  05 

.  24 

*> 

+  1:1.2.529 

.00,-9 

—  ;i9i2 

—     107 



.0990 

70 

+  49 

24 

5i.4;t 

.08 

1.^ 

f  l;i.  1025 

.  oo;!o 

—   1725 

-     175 

— 

.  0:1:14 

71 

+     S 

X, 

14.08 

.14 

.', 

+  12.9299 

.004.- 

—  :!024 

—       81 

_. 

.  0—5 

72 

+     9 

17 

41!.  17 

12 

0 

+   12,  M 177 

.  0044 

—  :i(^,i 

—       82 



.o,".o;i 

*7:i 

+  7V> 

r»5 

12.  89 

.  29 

1 

4-   12.7748 

.0121 

—  727:1 

—     502 

__ 

,0112 

•74 

+  :ii 

15 

:!-'.51 

.27 

1 

+  12.:!2.55 

.015 

—  4:110 

—     114 

__ 

,0:11 

75 

H-  47 

2;t 

08.  49 

.OH 

i;i 

+   ll,H-28 

.0029 

—  5021 

—     l,5rt 

— 

,0i:i8 

•7(i 

+  GO 

48 

24.  09 

.21 

.J 

+  11.H22-I 

.  0079 

—  0042 

—    :w9 



.0910 

77 

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4;! 

00.57 

.07 

18 

+   11.4129 

.0029 

429.S 

—       94 



.  0558 

." 

+  111 

:io 

:i7.  .SO 

.  <19 

11 

4-  11.0171 

.oo:iO 

—  4021 

—     100 

— 

.o:ii;{ 

•79 

+  iv> 

42 

10.78 

.20 

1 

4-    11.01811 

.0091 

—  0122 

—     2,57 

4- 

.0091 

•80 

4-  ;i5 

25 

4i;.51 

.20 

~ 

4-  10.09:10 

.00.50 

—  4825 

—     112 

.OlHl 

81 

—  \.i 

51 

."0.01 

.0^ 

10 

4-   10.  49i'5 

.  oo:!:i 

—  11.507 

—       40 

_ 

.1100 

•ri 

+  50 

00 

;m.  :>- 

.  12 

0 

4-    10.  IH'.KJ 

.0(M:i 

—  5017 

—     1,54 

— 

.04:17 

Kt 

+  '-5 

l:! 

20.  27 

.19 

:! 

■f  to.  2i:(5 

.0000 

—21219 

—  ;i7,-o 

4- 

.o;i.'-i 

84 

+  « 

22 

:t  1. 07 

.2:1 

2 

4-  in.  oi.'.o 

.0000 

—  ,5510 

—     112 

,oi::o 

•85 

+  48 

05 

21.09 

.22 

2 

+     9. 5,-.79 

.  00,57 

—  .5052 

—    i;i9 

— 

.  o;;22 

HO 

+  15 

19 

20. 2:t 

.09 

11 

4-    9,  O'J:!^^ 

.  00.10 

—  44-0 

—       07 

_ 

.  0275 

07 

+  18 

54 

04.  44 

.08 

10 

4-    H.  :i25s 

.00:19 

—  4079 

—       00 

— 

.0117 

88 

+  Hi 

15 

21.78 

.00 

20 

4-    7.5f:i0 

.0021 

—  40.'iS 

—       5,-1 

— 

.  1918 

89 

+  5ti 

:ii 

50.  i;! 

.11 

7 

4-    o.9o,-,o 

.  0042 

—  (HI  9 

—     141 

— 

.1510 

UO 

+  (iU 

07 

;to.  711 

.10 

H 

4-     0. 72H1 

.  00:17 

-  8151 

—  2i;i 

— 

.  0014 

'tf. 


596 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN    BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


|1!M)J 


Catalogue  of  500  stars 


i 

9 


OS 


i)l 

93 
04 
».■> 

m 

!»7 
'.KS 
Hit 
100 

101 

ii;-,' 
io;i 

104 
10.^) 

IOC 
107 
108 
109 
110 

111 
ll'J 

ii;i 

114 
115 

no 

117 
118 
Hi) 
1-JO 

l-JI 
lJ-.i 
i-a 
1^4 

i2(; 

1-J7 
128 
1-J'J 
130 

131 
132 
133 
134 
135 


l."20 

i.-.3n 

iri4U 

iri4i 

1557 


Name. 


I  Aiirigni 

/?  Cauinlopanli 

e  .\iiriKU) 

C  AiiriBio 

II  Orioiiis 


I.'i.'iH  ;  y  AiniKiP. 

1013  '  a  Anii;;iu. 

l(>-v'3  I  ,j  OiioniH. 

1(181  1  J  Tiiuri . . 
170(i 


1730 
1741 
i7()5 
180-2 
1845 

1878 
18>3 
1^-5 
18115 
lUOi) 

1080 
2002 
2047 
200(> 
2163 

2104 
21.->7 
2237 
2203 
2305 

2345 
2308 
2410 
2430 
2442 

24fi2 
2185 
2551 
2555 
2til7 

2710 
2707 
2728 
2778 
2810 


P  ColiiinliiK. 

■i  OiioniH . . . 

i!  AiiriKai..  . 

ii  Aiiri){a>... 

('  Aiiii)>in.. . 


;/  (ii'iiiinorinn. 

/I  (ii'iuiiini'iiiu. 

n     Ai'^iiH 

y  (k'urinoriiin. 

e  Uoiiiiiiotiini . 


0  (icininoriini... 
r  Caiiis  Ma.jorlH. 
f    lioniinoium... 


■■■| 


(I    Orioiiis 9 

I.i'liiiiis 3. 5 

f     Oi'ionis 2.5 

o     Coliinibiu 2 

I'     Aiiri^iu I  5 


3 
1 
3.5 
2 
4 


4 


('    Can  s  Miijoris 3.5 

?.    (ii'iiiinonini 

(I     tieniinoruiu 


(     Gcminortim . 


Cauitt  Slnjoris. 
(luniinnnini... 
Hcniiiioiiim... 
lii'niiiioinm... 
GtMiiiiioi'iini... 


f    Arsiis 

55  Canii'loimrdi  . 

P    Arniis 

/?    Caneri  

o    Ursiu  Ma.joris . 


4.5 

3 

5 

4 

3 

1.5 
4 


3.  .I 
4 
4 


5:^ 
Hi 


h.  III.     X. 

4  18  51.3 
.52  18.3 
.53  00.0 
53  44.  5 
57  2.'>.7 

57  45. 1 

5  07  27. 4 
08  31.0 

18  23.  5 
23  01.0 

25  37.  3 
27  13.1 

20  .52.  3 
35  07.  4 
42  40.  t! 

4(i  33.2 
48  24.  3 

40  14.  1 
.50  21.5 
.51  U.H 

0  05  113.  0 
07  20.0 
15  23.0 

21  10.5 
30  20.  4 

30  14.5 

41  11.7 
41  32.0 
.53  42.  8 
,50  41.7 

7  03  18.5 
10  ,54.5 
12  30.  4 
17  51.4 
17  ,57.7 

20  22.  3 
20  ;i7.0 
30  ,54.  0 
37  30.0 
45  .50.  8 

50  11.5 

8  00  20.  0 
02  13.3 
00  44.  i 

19  51.9 


B 


+  3.1-07 
+  .5.300 
+  4.202 
+  4. 181 
+  3.  425 

+  4.  lOli 
+  4.122 

+  2.881 
+  3.788 
+  7.000 

+  3.0'i4 
+  2.045 
+  3.042 
+  2.  173 
+  4.  15.5 

+  2.113 
+  3.247 
+  4.030 
+  4.305 
+  4.000 

+  0.010 
+  3.022 
+  3.(i33 
+  1.3:',0 
-i-  3.  4(>0 

+  3.004 
H-30. 234 
+  3.000 
+  2.  :t57 
+  3.  ,503 

+  2.430 

+  3.  4.53 

+  3.  .501 

+  0.311 

+  3.7;iO 

+  3.2.57 
+  3.830 
-f  3.020 
4-  3.081 
+  3.084 

+  2.  108 
-i-  0.000 
+  2.  .554 
+  3.257 
+  5.043 


(P( 

ill' 

ifl 

A/i' 

4- 

14 

—  .Hi 

II 

—   .05 

+ 

42 

+  .1-^ 

—  .34 

uo 

—  .23 

—1.  20 

-- 

18 

+  .31 

+  .48 

+ 

8 

-1.07 

—2.75 

+ 

17 

—  .  23 

—1.18 

+ 

10 

—  .  10 

—  .74 

+ 

4 

+  .10 

—  .11 

-1. 

H 

—  .30 

-  .47 

+ 

77 

+  .83 

+2.11 

+ 

4 

+  .09 

+2. 00 

+ 

3 

—  .30 

-  .  00 

+ 

4 

—  .40 

—  .30 

+ 

3 

-  .02 

—  .51 

+ 

0 

+  .10 

—  .31 

+ 

3 

—  .12 

-.111 

+ 

3 

—  .01 

-  .02 

+ 

(i 

-  .02 

-  ..52 

+ 

4 

—  .14 

—  .25 

+ 

3 

+  .22 

+2. 30 



i 

—  .40 

—1.13 

+ 

1 

+  .08 

+  .19 

1 

—  .80 

—1.  10 

+ 

1 

-.13 

+  ■'<l 

1 

-  .25 

—1.30 



3 

+  .23 

—  .  12 

,j 

101 

+  .03 

—  .11 

— 

1 

—  .20 

—1.112 

+ 

2 

—  .43 

+  .72 

5 

+  .37 

-1.14 

+ 

1 

—  .81 

+  .03 

;i 

+  .02 

—  .00 

— 

/ 

~  .  00 

-2.  .53 

— 

84 

+  1.38 

+3.  .55 

— 

10 

—  .08 

—  .08 



4 

—  .13 

—  .-.'A 

— 

13 

+  .03 

—   .13 

— 

11 

+  .57 

-1.13 



13 

—  .33 

—  .35 

— 

13 

—  .33 

—1.00 

+ 

1 

+  .08 

—  .  03 

110 

+  ..57 

+  1.30 

+ 

I 

—  .51 

-1.40 

7 

—  .27 

—  .10 

— 

70 

+  .22 

+  .34 

[101] 


CATALOGUE  OF  500  STARS. 


697 


for  the  epoch  1875.0 — Coutiiiued. 


1. 

a    . 

u    ■ 

s 

i 

s 

D 

Decliiiatinn, 

1875.0. 

1  = 

I 

"a    . 
a  c 
a  o 

III 

di- 

!i5 

cu 

< 

pic 



II 

£ 

0 

1 

il 

II 

II 

II 

ll 

// 

ill 

+  32 

57 

57.28 

.08 

15 

+     0,1044 

.  0033 

—  .5437 



0.5 



.0215 

'J2 

+  00 

15 

22. 00 

.11 

n 

+    .5.8243 

.0041 

—  7431 



130 



.0131 

u:t 

+  4:5 

38 

00. 00 

.11 

8 

+     .5. 7000 

.  0(i;il 

—  (illl7 

— 

70 



.Oli-O 

yi 

+  40 

53 

27.31 

.20 

y 

+     .5.0022 

.0051 

—  58(i8 

— 

72 



.  0252 

•X) 

+  15 

13 

40. 70 

.12 

7 

+     5.3(00 

.0044 

—  4837 

— 

40 

— 

.  0385 

yi; 

+  41 

C3 

4(i.  04 

.11 

7 

+     .5.30()5 

.  0033 

—  .5921 



oy 

.  0738 

y- 

+  45 

52 

05.  .50 

.00 

23 

+     4.1231 

.  0020 

—  (i312 

— 

04 



.  4;M4 

yn 

—     8 

20 

51.00 

.00 

24 

+     4. 4.508 

.0022 

—  4114 



22 



.0111)1 

yy 

+  28 

20 

58.  40 

.00 

25 

+     3.4402 

.(021 

—  54,52 

— 

34 



.  1M17 

100 

+  74 

57 

22.  41 

.10 

4 

+     3.2404 

.  (MKil 

—11.520 

— 

210 

+ 

.0101 

101 

—    0 

23 

30.71 

.07 

18 

+    2.  o;i2i» 

.  0020 

—  4433 

_ 

17 

_ 

.  0050 

10!> 

—  17 

54 

48.00 

.00 

10 

+     2.8581 

.  0038 

—  3832 

— 

11 



.  0000 

1011 

—     1 

17 

(HI.  94 

.08 

15 

+     2. 0202 

.  0033 

—  4100 

— 

14 

+ 

.01104 

104 

—  34 

8 

31.22 

.10 

4 

+     2.1273 

.MlOO 

—  3103 

— 

/ 

.  0451 

105 

+  3y 

00 

33.  .53 

.21 

2 

+     1.5102 

.  0000 

—  0047 

— 

17 

+ 

.0170 

10(> 

—  35 

48 

.50.72 

.27 

1 

+     1.5018 

.  0080 

—  3087 



5 

+ 

.  3880 

107 

+    7 

22 

54.  34 

.00 

20 

+     1.0210 

.0021 

—  4735 

— 

5 

+ 

.  Oli(iS 

108 

+  54 

l(> 

ly.  12 

.11 

7 

+     0.8114 

.0044 

—  7200 

— 

14 

.13112 

loy 

+  44 

55 

55. 02 

.00 

12 

+     0. 8300 

.01)28 

—  0302 

— 

10 



.111135 

no 

+  W 

12 

04.  y2 

.17 

3 

+     0.0751 

.  001  iO 

—  5008 

— 

0 

— 

.00.50 

111 

+  m 

21 

35. 08 

.13 

5 

—     0.5015 

.  0055 

—  9045 

+ 

28 

.1183 

112 

+  22 

32 

27. 18 

.10 

10 

—     0. 0570 

.0041 

—  5270 

+ 

8 

. 

.0101 

ii;t 

+  22 

34 

31.03 

.08 

10 

—     1.4080 

.IK  Kill 

—  52,-0 

+ 

15 



.  1210 

114 

—  52 

37 

40.  83 

.23 

2 

—     1.8410 

.  0085 

—  1025 

+ 

o 

+ 

.  0087 

iir> 

+   10 

30 

14. 10 

.07 

10 

—     2. 7078 

.  0033 

—  5000 

+ 

23 

.  0470 

IK! 

+  25 

15 

00. 70 

.14 

4 

—     3. 1732 

.0051 

—  5300 

+ 

32 

_ 

.0152 

117 

+  ^1 

14 

04.  35 

.07 

ly 

—     3.02,-0 

.  0033 

—43207 

+ 

1704 

— 

.  0,101 

lis 

+  :i4 

0(> 

34.48 

.11 

8 

—     3. 0220 

.0047 

—  5018 

+ 

4^ 

— 

.  0 102 

iiy 

—  28 

4s 

12.  13 

.11 

7 

—     4.0700 

.  00.50 

—  3324 

+ 

14 



.0128 

l-JO 

+  20 

45 

05. 75 

.11 

»^ 

—     4.0219 

.  (Kl 40 

—  5017 

+ 

41 

- 

.0114 

121 

—  21) 

U 

4,5.  81 

.12 

1) 

—    5.4002 

.  0055 

—  3:!03 

+ 

IS 

+ 

.  0003 

122 

+  10 

45 

50.  12 

.  10 

4 

—    0.1521 

.  0047 

—  4707 

+ 

50 

.11450 

121! 

+  22 

12 

37.  00 

.07 

18 

—     (i.  2li80 

.  0020 

—  4018 

+ 

57 



.0103 

124 

+  08 

43 

03.  10 

.10 

4 

—    0.7100 

.  005S 

—  8(i,52 

+ 

2(i4 

— 

.  0375 

125 

+  28 

02 

30.  00 

.14 

4 

—     0. 7720 

.  0048 

—  5007 

+ 

08 

— 

.0818 

120 

+    8 

32 

21.07 

.10 

10 

—    ().0303 

.0041 

—  4420 

+ 

48 



.  0408 

127 

+  32 

oy 

37.  00 

.07 

10 

—    7.1781 

.  0024 

—  51,52 

+ 

80 

— 

.  0783 

128 

+  '-M 

41 

44.  00 

.15 

4 

—     8. 2010 

.0051 

-  47f7 

+ 

70 

— 

.0033 

i2y 

+  28 

10 

34. 20 

.00 

2l'> 

—     8.347' 

.00211 

—  4700 

+ 

70 

— 

.  0.575 

lao 

+  27 

05 

14.74 

.11 

8 

—     8.0007 

.0041 

—  4771 

+ 

85 

— 

.  0240 

131 

—  30 

30 

00. 72 

.30 

1 

—     0. 0300 

.  0000 

—  2021 

+ 

24 

+ 

.  0207 

i;!2 

+  (is 

50 

20. 20 

.14 

4 

—  10.0515 

.  0053 

—  7(il0 

+ 

a53 

+ 

.  0020 

in;t 

—  23 

50 

42. 71 

.10 

0 

—  10.1405 

.  0043 

—  3155 

+ 

37 

+ 

.0454 

134 

+     '.» 

34 

00.  08 

.00 

10 

—  10.  807(i 

.  0030 

—  3050 

+ 

73 

.  0.520 

135 

+  61 

08 

00.80 

_:!! 

0 

—  11.0155 

.  0037 

—  50,57 

+ 

251 

— 

.  1220 

598 


UNITED  STATICS  NOHTHKRN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


1 1931 


Catalogue  of  500  stars 


a 
s 
'A 


i:m 

i:t7 
i;w 
i;;'.) 

140 

r4i 
\\i 

u:i 

144 
145 

14fi 
147 
U-i 
14!) 
150 

ir.i 

l.VJ 

ir,:i 

154 
155 

150 
157 
15H 
15it 
lUO 

101 
Wi 

l(i:t 

l(i4 
1()5 

100 
107 
108 
lt'>9 


•-J 

n 


Ni>  mil. 


9 


2053  I  .!    Cnncri  

I!!lli5  I  1     (.'aiicii 

•J.'M\  t     ll.vdno 

IKM-'  I  1  l.'i-Mn  Mujiiiis  . 

Iiii75  I  K  I'rMc  MiijuriH  . 


Uism  Mujoris  . 

Ciimri 

AiKii.s 

Lviji'is 

AiKiis 


110119 

:ini 

111 'JO 

:ti78 
lileo 


ni99 
:i-j-,';i 

:iy4-i 
;i:ti-^ 

:t;t;!i 
.t:iio 
;i:;7i 
;i'i5;) 
:i4ni> 


n     Ilydrii' 

".'4  Druu  Miijnri  . 
W  L'rstt!  Jliijoiis  . 
o     KoiiniH 


I.i'onin 

Urup  Miijoris  . 

I.L'lllliK 

lA'nniH 

Li'ciiiIh 


349(5  39  irrsie  Xlnjorm 

nr;05  '  ?.  rr(*a' Mnjctris 

;i5-,';i  j'  I'rMi' Miijiiiis 

:<.'j3:I  /I  I'rMi!  Miijoris 
3593 


3009  p  I.oonis 

:i(i95  V  Arjjiis 

3TIW  I  53  I.iMini.x 

3707  ,<  lj>iu  MiijnriH 

3(77  ri  I'lSii'  Miijoiis 


3f'l-J  .;• 

3H34  :  (1 

3K!'  I  0 
3H5'J 


170 

3H59 

171 

390(1 

I7;i 

3914 

173 

3940 

174 

3981 

175 

3995 

170 

4P0'_> 

177 

4017 

178 

mi 

179 

411-i 

ISO 

4K'3 

1  rsiD  Miijoris  ..  . 

l.euiiiH 

I.i'oiiifl 

llrBiu  Mnjoris  ..  . 
Cniteria 


I.i'on's 

Draionis 

I.ioiiis 

rrs;r  Ma, juris  . 
Liouis 


Virninis    

l.'rNU!  Majoris ..  . 
Virjjiiiis 


'I     UrNO)  Mnjoris . 


4.5 


3 
5.5 


4 

3.5 

4.5 

4 

2.5 


A.  ni.  1. 

8  37  34. 8 

39  07.8 

40  09.4 
.■)0  :i8.4 
.V)  O.'i.O 

,V.»  !«.  (I 

9  00  ."i8.  5 
o:i  •J3.9 
13  2(i.  1 
13  44.0 

19  05. 9 

ai  '.'0.7 
%\  y3. 5 

ii4  i!9. 1 

;«  '.'H.o 
38  4,"..  a 

\i  05. 1 
45  39.0 

10  00  31.0 
01  4-.>.8 

08  .'0.0 

09  33. 1 

13  04.7 

14  .'a.o 

•J4  ^.5.0 

20  13.7 
40  l-.'.O 
\-l  41.1 
.54  17.3 
.v.  59.  8 

11  O-i  37.7 
07  a7.5 
07  40.8 
11  43.4 
13  05.  5 


31 
23 

30 
3-t 
\l 

44 
47 

58 

18  00 

09 


30. 5 
57.5 
3.».9 
•JO.  7 
41.0 

11.0 
14.8 
50.5 
19.4 
13.9 


+  3.419 
+  3.014 


c. 
13 

ao 


+  3. 184 



7 

+  4. 139 

— 

44 

-1-  4. 1','5 

— 

44 

+  .5.374 



134 

+  3.a.55 



9 

-4-  a. -.'02 

4- 

4 

+  3.07a 

27 

+  1.00(5 

— 

2 

+  l».  113 

_ 

795 

+  a.  949 

— 

2 

+  .5.425 

— 

109 

4-  4.0.50 



.Vi 

+  3.207 

— 

9 

+  3.419 



18 

+  4. 330 

— 

82 

+  3.424 

— 

20 

+  3.278 

— 

13 

+  3.202 

— 

10 

+  4. 437 

__ 

115 

4-  3.040 



38 

+  3.317 

— 

15 

+  3.002 

— 

30 

+  5.303 

— 

280 

+  3. 100 

„ 

8 

+  a.  310 

+ 

22 

+  3.1.59 

8 

+  3.3()7 

— 

03 

+  3.758 

— 

81 

+  3.398 



37 

+  3.202 

— 

13 

+  3. 155 

— 

10 

+  3.258 

— 

23 

+  2.995 

+ 

() 

—  3.08S 



2 

+  3.637 

_ 

111 

4-  3.072 

0 

4-  3. 197 

— 

30 

4-  3.065 

— 

7 

4-  3. 125 

0 

4-  3. 188 

— 

44 

4-  3. 058 

— 

3 

4-  2.904 

— 

120 

4-  .3.003 

— 

43 

4-1.95 

—  .87 

—  .  04 

—  .08 
4-  .22 

—1.  00 


+ 


+ 


.13 

.38 

.43 
.17 
.  54 

.50 
.32 

.01 


—  1.24 

—  .18 

—  .51 

—  ..54 

—  .011 

—  1.10 

—  .04 
+  .09 


—  .27 

—  ..54 
4-  .31 

—  .01 

—  .51 

—  .57 
4-1.59 

—  .80 

—  .13 

—  .47 

—  .43 

4-  .28 

—  .71) 
4-1.  (i7 
4-  .Ob 


4-3. 92 
-2. 47 
—1.74 

-  .  18 
-1-2. 82 

—2. 34 

—  .48 

—  .01 
4-  .85 

—  .03 

—  1.40 

—  .12 

—  .Oti 
—1.84 
-1.30 

4-  .95 
4-  .11 
—2.  (i5 

—  1.30 
— l.U 

—  .98 

—  .38 
—2. 78 
—2.70 
4-  .04 

—  .18 
—2.  3 1 
—1.2  J 
-1.28 

4-  .:t5 

—1.20 
4-3. 84 

—  l.tO 

—  ..52 
—2.51 

—  1.05 

—  .05 
—1.22 
4-2. 93 
4-  .92 


U9»l  CATA1.00UK  OF  500  8TAKS. 

for  the  epoch  1875.0— Coutimii'il. 


599 


J! 

a 

D 

'A 


VM 
i:i7 
i;i8 

140 

1)1 
II,' 
ii;i 

144 
145 

Mfi 
147 

148 
14!) 

ir.() 

IJI 
irvi 
ir.;t 

154 

155 

15fi 
157 
15,S 
15U 
100 

161 

IIW 

i(;:i 

1(>4 

itij 

Kifi 
l(i7 
l(i8 
1()!> 
170 

171 
17.2 
1711 
174 
175 

r/(> 
177 
178 
nil 
180 


Doolinatlon,  1875.0. 


J"- 


+  18  :iO  44.17 

4-  UO  U  t>\M 

+   i>  u-i  :i4.,v,» 

■+  48  M  .50.87 

+  47  :i8  57.05 

+  C7  :i8  y:).  ;i;! 

+   11  10  1I.1CJ 

—  4'J  .55  41!.  04 
+  114  55  II.O'^ 

—  .58  45  Oil.  78 

+  81  .5'J  :i','.Kt 

—  8  07  04.  Ill 
+  70  y.>  40.  a5 
+  5a  14  44.  Jo 

+  10  27  x..yi 

+  i.>4  20  ,55. 41 

+  .50  :i7  ;tl.l7 

+  2(;  115  40.(11 

+  17  22  l(;.<i8 

-i-  12  :i4  ;i8.2fi 

+  (15  4;i  50.00 

+  4:1  ;i2  15.(14 

+  20  28  22. 85 

+  42  07  IK  22 

+  7(i  21  20.7;l 

+     i)  .50  .5(1.87 

—  .50  01  ISO.  70 
+  11  12  21.88 
+  .57  0:t  0(1.  .52 
+  (J2  25  31.  HI 

4-  45  10  34.  .51) 

+  21  12  20. 00 

+  10  oii  4.5.  o;i 

+  ;i;i  40  :i;i.oo 

—  14  0(1  08.711 

+   ;i  ;i2  :i9.95 

+  70  01  14.(1:1 

—  0  08  01. 73 
4-  48  28  20.08 
+  15  10  14.  G2 

+  2  28  08.30 

+  54  23  22.85 


+  i)  25 


38. : 


+  78     18     3U.31 
+  57    43    38.28 


.10 
.  25 

.13 

.07 
.18 
.08 
.10 

.07 
.11 
.08 
.18 
.0(1 

.14 

.10 
.07 
.12 
.11 

.08 
.22 

.08 
.09 
.  0(i 

.09 
.(»7 
.18 
.  24 

.08 

.10 
.09 
.08 
.11 
.00 

.09 
.07 
.  09  i 
.10 
.11 


.12 

n 

.20 

tl 

.07 

17 

.08 

15 

.17 

3 

.12 

(■> 

.08 

Ml 

.30 

1  ! 

3 
13 

8 

19 
8 

13 
3 

27 


14  i 

3  : 

13 

n 

24  I 
12  [ 

ai  i 

3  ! 
2  : 
1.5 

9 
12 
15 


12 

20 
12 


'EC 
cs  ..^ 

a   . 

"  5 


—  12.1H134 

—  12.8937 

—  12.9.548 

—  13.8125 

—  13.9401 

—  11.1971 

—  14.2144 

—  11.3:05 

—  11.9717 

—  14.97(ifl 

—  1.5,3300 

—  15.4132 

—  l.'i.  19111 

—  1(1.  1(1-^2 

—  1(1.  17^9 

—  10.3803 

—  10.0917 

—  1(1.7.>7 

—  17.3984 

—  17.4430 

—  17.7705 

—  17.8131 

—  18.(1.505 

—  17.9(119 

—  18.3514 

—  18.  .1(177 

—  IH.  8,)51 

—  18.9.527 

—  Ill]  3439 

—  19.4710 

—  19.(1719 

—  19.0111 

—  19.  .57  98 

—  19.4.521 

—  19.7030 

—  19.8274 

—  19.  8.539 

—  19.9549 

—  20.1101 

—  20. 2890 

—  20.  0.'47 

—  20.  01(;2 

—  20.  0253 

—  20.02-8 


—  -  o 


.  003!) 
.0000 

.oo:io 

.  (M(20 
.  0047 

.11011 
,11040 
.0102 

.0ii;i9 
.(II 19-1 

.0040 
.0023 
.(JO('l 
.  0028 
.  0037 

.  0(K0 
.0033 
.01134 
.  0053 
.  0020 

.  00(10 
.  0032 
.  0028 
.  0040 
.  0044 

.  0035 
.  00-18 
.  0043 
.  003(i 
.0021 

.0031 
.  0020 
.  0055 
.  0002 
.  0034 

.  0039 
.  0030 
.  0035 
.  0034 
.0021 

.  0028 
.  0022 
.  003(1 
.  0043 
.  0035 


(f-'.l 
7/1- 


—  3797 

—  4025 

—  34'<li 

—  4333 

—  4279 

—  .5491 

—  32T8 

—  2171 

—  3474 

—  1480 

—  8510 

—  2117(1 

—  4915 

—  3518 

—  2li94 

—  2810 

—  317(1 

—  2(17(1 

—  23(14 

—  2217 

—  2927 

—  2378 

—  2112 

—  2245 

—  30.54 

—  1758 

—  1007 

—  1443 

—  1435 

—  1420 

—  1141 

—  981 

—  95(1 

—  909 

—  801 

—  «(!8 

—  743 

—  489 

—  330 

—  248 

—  233 

—  173 
+  (14 
+  203 
+  203 


(0' 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 
4- 
4- 
4- 

4- 

4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 


90 
115 

80 
173 
174 

3.59 

92 

34  I 
135  i 

21  i 


4-  1I2-* 


4- 
4- 
4- 


401 

185 

9-1 


4-  Uii 

4-  2i3 

4-  121 

+  nil 

4-  10.1 


2(15 
1,52 
117 
148 
441 

101 
43 
1(15 
1(15 
V7 


+  133 

4-  112 

4-  107 

4-  llf* 

4-  92 

4-  101 

4-  104 

4-  100 

4-  115 

4-  99 

4-  105 

4-  112 

4-  99 

4-  85 

4-  93 


e 
B-d 

u  a 

s 


—  .  23.'>8 

—  .uiiri 

—  .  0537 

—  .  2.'i28 

—  .00-1 

—  .  0,5,58 

—  .  0037 
4-  ,0120 
+  .01,52 
4-  .  0282 

.  0184 
.  0302 
.  0.599 

—  .  5505 

—  .  0333 

—  .0210 

—  .  1002 

—  .0,520 

—  .  0084 

—  .0010 


4- 

4- 


4- 


4- 
+ 


+ 


—  .02 


.  0429 
.  14.55 
.0194 
.0101 


—  .01188 

—  .  (1038 

—  .  0288 
4-  .  Oll-O 

—  .  OOOU 


.0418 
.1121 
.  0772 
.  0312 
.  1835 

.0210 
.  0200 
.  O.'.SO 


4-  .0188 

—  . 1191 

—  .  2825 

—  .(I1II5 
4-  .0378 
4-  . 0213 
4-  . U092 


600 


UNITKD  STATES  NOUTHEKN  BOUNUAUY  COMMISSION. 


11041 


Catalogue  of  500  atari 


a 


a 

a 
a 

< 


1H| 

\fi 

•  l«i 
•icri 

I8<'i 
IH7 

•IHH 

M'JO 

1'.I4 
•19-. 

I!N< 

l'J7 

•liW 

•lint 
yoo 

'■m 

•■M> 
•Ml 
•J04 

•*lo 

«Otl 
••Jft7 

yos 

•iiO'J 
•J  10 

an 

••-'la 

m;i 

214 

air. 
•aifi 

217 

2H 
21il 
•220 

221 
222 
22:! 
224 
•225 


NaDio. 


4i:il 
41):. 
41H7 
4I!I1 
4222 

42:14 
12:tD 

i:i42 


4:i:iii 

4:!4(i 

4:iii4; 

4401 
4421 
44:IJ 


44''0 
4IS4 

4r.()(! 
4r.i:i 
4r.;i2 

4r.40 
4.V.Ki 
4007 
4018 
4037 

4048 
40ri'J 
4000 
4075 
4(i9»i 

4700 
47:t2 
1721» 
4741 

47t*i) 

4804 
4^.08 
4812 
•'■  .'2 
4827 

48:12 
4M(i4 

4870 
48".).-. 
4897 


ii  Cliniiielcontia. 

V  Vir)»iiii« 

'.'  (Iiucm 

1 1  Ciiiiiiii 

4  Ui'uc(iiii!< 


il    (,'iirvi 

K       PlIK'l.llJH 

9    ('aiiiiin  Vt^jiiiti(<()riiiu 


llrHiu  MiiJoriH 

Caniuii  Vriiiiticunini 

I'rHii'  MiiJi.ri.H 

Vii'KiuU 

C'UIIIID 


II     VirKinis. 


IJrH^u  Miijuriii . 


f    VirKiriis 

81  L'i'siu  Majuris  . 


ti    I'lPiD  Majuria  . 

0     Kddtia 

7     liootis 


II    Ilniitis. 


l>    Cciiiaiiri 
U  Hootis.... 
n    Dracoilis  , 


12  IlootiH. 


a  |)ooti8. 
X  Ilddlis. 
0     lioutia. 


24  liootis 

p  llootia 

y  llddliH . 

5  I'rujs  Minoria. 


a>  Cetitaiiri 

:I4  Hddtia.... 

e'    Hoolis 

c'  Li  brio 


;t.5 
1 

:> 

2.  r. 

:i.  r. 

0. .'. 
5.5 

:i 


4.5 
4.5 


1 
:i 

0 
f! 
4 

5. 5 

ti 
2.  5 

G 

0 

:) 

6 

I 

0 

3.5 


1 
4 
4 

6 

4 
3.5 

4 
G.5 

1 

4.5 

3 

3 

6.5 


a 


h.    in.     I*. 

12  11  li;i.5 

13  :io.7  1 

19  :19.5  i 

20  08.9 
24  :I7.5 

27  49.  ;t 

28  (18.  :i 

;12  4.\2 

48  i:i.8 

48  31.5 

.'iO  10,7 

55  21.7 

13  0:1  21. 8 
00  (12.  :i 

08  U2. 7 

18  30.  (■> 

18  r'3. 4 

22  .50.7 

24  ,^0.0 

28  19.5 

29  18.9 
40  ,55. 1 

42  ;«!.  8 

43  48.2 

47  14.0 

48  44. 0 

50  29. 3 

51  01. 1 
55  :!0. 4 

14  01  00.  4 

04  42.0 

09  45.  0 
09  .'.7. 0 
U  ;!7.8 
20  50. 5 

24  10.9 

20  20.  (i 

27  02.0 

27  48. 8 

29  31.8 

:il  07.2 

37  ,55.7 

39  31.7 

4:i  57. 9 

44  12.3 


+  :i.;m) 

+  :i.  (XH 

+  3.282 

-f  :i.oo9 

+  2.  Ii77 

f  3.  i:w 

4-  2.  OOO 

+  2, 1MI4 

+  o.;ioi 

+  2.001 

+  2.817 

-j-  2.  .592 

+  ;i.  101 

+  2.H)7 

+  2.7:10 

+  :t.  152 

+  2.121 

+  I.  518 

+  2.  818 

+  :i.053 

+  2.;i2() 

+  2.  555 

+  2.  ;174 

+  2.84' 

-f  2,80. 

+  2.  8,59 

—  0.01 1 
+  4.  170 
+  2.724 
+  1.023 

+  9.739 

+  1,0!)8 

+  2. 735 

+  2.284 

+  2.043 

+  2. 088 

+  2.  ,'•.87 

+  2,418 

—  0.208 
+  2.  180 

+  4.029 

+  2.  (J:19 

+  2,021 

+  :t.  :!09 

+  2.  ;t57 


lit' 


+  180 

+  :t 

+  (18 

—  12 

—  58 

+  10 

—  51 

—  19 
+  2'Jl 

—  27:i 

—  15 

—  25 

+  8 

—  H 

—  14 

+  11 

—  17 
+  7 

—  5 
+  0 

—  14 

—  9 

—  10 

—  2 

—  0 


+  io. 

+  84 

—  :i 

+  •'■' 


+     29 
+      2 


.1  I 


+     74 

0 

0 

+     15 

—       1 


Ao 


+  .21 

—  .87 

—  .70 

—  .02 

—  .14 


+  1.41 

—  .93 
+  1.72 
+  1.44 

—  .:i4 

—  .05 

—  .80 

—  .27 

—  .  13 

—  .14 

—  ,07 

—  .01 
+  .22 

—  1.22 

—  .  15 

—  .18 

—  .20 

—  .08 


—  .07 

.  00 

—  .(r,T 
+  .21 

—  .40 

+  .:i4 

—  .80 

—  .20 

—  .18 

-  .  13 

-  .:!;! 
+  .:«) 
+1.01 

—  .10 

—1. 13 

+  .21 
+  .:!0 

—  .47 
— 1. 10 


■V 


—  .(i8 
— 1..58 
—2. 17 

—  .80 

—  1.02 

+  .41 
+2. 9:1 

—  1.42 

H-:i,:iH 
+;i.  90 

—  1.09 
—2.  40 
—2.  12 

—  1.04 

—  1.79 

—  .08 

—  .07 

—  ,07 
+2.  20 
—2.79 

+  1.02 

—  .  :i5 

—  .  75 

— I.:i7 
—2. 07 

-1..-9 
+  .08 
-4.71 

—  ,53 

—  .11 

—1.20 
+  .02 
-2.04 

—  .08 

—  .  32 

—  .  0.8 

—  1,58 

—  1.74 

+;t.59 

—  .53 

—0.43 

—  ,31 
+  1.12 
—1,80 
—1. 62 


fl«5] 


CATALOGUE  OF  SOO  STARS. 


601 


for  the  epoch  1875.0— Contiriuwl. 


|_. 

2  li 

a 

i-l,- 

>\1 

••Il 

3 

Uculiiiutiiin, 

187r..0. 

2 

To 

S    3 

3  So 

ilW 

.7P 

u  a 

'A 

r 

1 

^- 

£=•= 

I 

0 

1 

// 

n 

II 

// 

// 

„ 

It 

181 

—  7H 

;i7 

(14.  29 

22 

ij 

—  19.9878 

.  0094 

4-    11211 

4- 

i:i:t 

4-    .04:i5j 

\*i 

+     •» 

01 

40.7.-. 

]o7 

18 

—  20.0472 

.00112 

+     1149 

+ 

100 

—    .(CJ-H 

Irtl 

—  (12 

21 

21.7li 

.  2.5 

I 

—  20.0219 

,00!K) 

+     495 

4- 

121 

—    .0417 

•IH4 

+  27 

!,7 

:w.  99 

.20 

t| 

—  20.00:18 

.  00.5(1 

+     471 

4- 

91 

--    .(WO 

•180 

+  m 

r>:i 

:iH.  Id 

.14 

4 

—  20.  00118 

.(KMil 

-1-     ,505 

+ 

(1(1 

—     .  011.52 

lH(i 

.JO 

42 

1H.7.-. 

.09 

12 

—  19.9725 

.  oonii 

+   (i:i7 

+ 

105 

—    .0(1,51) 

ir-r 

+  7(1 

2H 

It.-,  r-r. 

.10 

<l 

—   19,  rO-O 

.00111 

+     5  In 

4- 

01 

4-     .  00511 

•IHH 

+    11 

:i:i 

4.-..r>.'-. 

.28 

1 

—  19.h729 

.(KKid 

4.     (188 

4- 

84 

—  .  0'.';i2 

|H<» 

+  s.i 

(I.'-. 

;t2. 711 

.11 

8 

—  19.59'.H( 

,  0042 

+     191 

4- 

09 

4-     .  01^28 

•1<J0 

+  f,(! 

■M 

IH.77 

.12 

(> 

—  19.(11)18 

.0042 

4-     895 

4- 

d4 

—     .0'2.54 

191 

+  :i8 

:,d 

:t7.72 

.07 

20 

—  19,  .5274 

,  Olhi7 

+    970 

4- 

7(1 

4-     .0481 

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+  r-? 

02 

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.ltd 

1 

—  19.49(1(1 

.  OOIH 

+    99:1 

4- 

do 

—    .((■24d 

i'.»;i 

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r.2 

Id.  10 

.07 

Id 

—  I9.;i;tii 

,00:11 

4-  l:il9 

-1- 

100 

—    .0412 

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+  28 

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.1:1 

5 

—  I8,;i4,58 

,0011 

4-   I'.'-JO 

4- 

74 

4-      .8810 

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+    Id 

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,•.,').  48 

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1 

—   19,1007 

,0111 

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m; 

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2d 

—  18.112:19 

.  0021 

4-  l(l-.>5 

4- 

10:1 

—     .01178 

1117 

+  .^.-. 

:i4 

111.  (11 

.10 

10 

—  18.1M195 

.00:11 

4-  l'28l 

4- 

49 

—     .01117 

*iiw 

+  7;i 

02 

27.  Kt 

.  22 

%% 

—  18,7748 

,  008:1 

4-     >(!() 

+ 

20 

—     .0197 

*1SIS» 

+  24 

+  It 

ri-i 

Tid,  (18 

—  18.(1925 

4-   15,-5 
4-  17411 

+ 

4- 

7(1 

','00 

02 

ItH.  (Ill 

".'67" 

'"'is' 

—  1>«.  .54:12 

'"'.'(Wi'ti' 

9:1 

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+  .'•..'. 

.-.9 

22. 2."» 

.  24 

0 

—  18.  ,57  111 

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4- 

44 

—     ,(C2'I8 

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+  41 

42 

r.A  ^8 

.114 

I 

—  18.  If97 

,0110 

4-  1(172 

1- 

5(1 

—     .  OK. 

'jo:i 

4-   11) 

"id 

ir..K) 

.0(1 

21 

—  IH.  1020 

,00'.'l 

4    1.570 

4- 

4(> 

—     .0-.M5 

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+  21 

rill 

07. 12 

.  21 

2 

—  18.(1229 

,(107(1 

4-  1-92 

4- 

74 

-f-    ,  009:t 

••.'05 

+   IH 

:i2 

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.27 

1 

—  17.9J:il 

,  0002 

4-  19(15 

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+   l'.> 

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ltd.  42 

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,  0(W 

4-  1979 

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44. 94 

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124 

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218 

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.0047 

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lit') 

+      ,0007 

210 

+  (il 

58 

25.  lilt 

.07 

17 

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4- 

27 

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41 

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1 

—  17.22118 

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—      4072 

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24 

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—  1(1.2,5(15 

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5.'! 

1.5.  !->:t 

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—  1.5.9-45 

.0010 

4-  •2:11:1 

4- 

5:t 

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+  :(•< 

r.i 

21.11 

.15 

4 

—  15,9247 

.0041 

4-  2170 

4- 

45 

4-     .1410 

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+  7(! 

If) 

(Id.  01 

.09 

10 

—   1(1.0100 

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—      108 

4 

100 

4-     .01.59 

*-.>2U 

+    17 

2() 

04.78 

.  ltd 

1 

—  1.5,9744 

.0109 

4-  2009 

+ 

117 

—    ,  0119:1 

221 

—  (10 

19 

11.  (in 

.2:1 

0 

—  1.5,4215 

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4-  :i:il7 

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17(> 

4-     .  42,57 

222 

+  27 

(111 

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—    1.5.4rl4 

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+  27 

ltd 

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.07 

20 

—  15.11787 

.  00'J8 

4-  2515 

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4-    ,0102 

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1.5.(17 

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—  1.5.2l,5d 

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100 

—     , 0780 

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+  -M 

19 

;17. 78 

.25 

1 

—  1.5,007d 

,0004 

4-  2:102 

+ 

41 

4-     ,11,58 

:f 


N  B- 


602 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


fl96] 


Catalogue  of  DOO  iitars 


•2'J7 
'iM 


23(1 
•«17 

a:i8 

•vMO 

a4i 

24'i 

a4;t 
a44 
a4r> 

•d4(i 
847 

a48 
a4!t 
a,-.o 

2,-.a 
a.'.;! 
2.-.4 
a55 

•a5(i 
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a(io 

aoi 

•aiia 

I   aiiii 

a(i4 

•a(i5 

aiif. 

207 

208 

209 

•a70 


a 

a 
s 

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B9 


4918 
49;»> 
4937 
4958 
4974 

5026 
50J4 
5034 
5  71 
50.i!4 

5094 
5097 
5098 
5115 
51-.'2 

5i:!0 
5131 
5143 
51.57 
510-f 

5178 
5192 
51<lli 
.5210 
5245 

.5271 

,5285 
.5298 
.5302 
.5303 

.5313 


5329 
.5341 
.5348 

5388 

.54(Mi 
5415 
.5414 
5420 
5400 

5403 
510() 
5473 

5484 
.5502 


Namo. 


l3    Ur»io  MinoriH. 


i3    Hoot  18. 
44^  Bootis. 


3     Si'ipiMitis. 
(3    Librto 


/t'    UoOtiN 

f  UrHtB  Minoris 

1     DriH'oniH 

/}    Corouio  Uorcalis . 


I''    UoolU. 


i/>    Bootis 

0    Coroiiu)  lioreaiis  . 
(I     Coronin  llorealis  . 


ip    Bootis. 


Coroiiin  'l.i'.oiilis  . 
Coronio  lioroiiliti . 

Si-rpi'iitis 

Seipciitis 

SurpuntiM 


HcrculiR 

llrsiB  Miuoris 

HlTCIlliH 

Con)iue  Uort'uIiH  . 
Scoi'pii 


/J'  Scorpii 


0     Dittconia 
0    llvrculis  . 


(i     Ophinrlii . 
lU  lloi'ciiiis  . 


T  II.TcnliK.     . 

y-  lIiTClllis 

4  CoroiiiD 

23  lleruiilU 


i>.t> 
3 
0 
3 


(i 
(> 
2.5 
(i 
4 


3 
4 

(> 
5.5 


4.5 

2.5 

0 

5. 5 


a.  i> 

3. 5 

3 

(i 
4 
0 

4.5 
3 


.5  5 
3 


0 

3 

I).  5 

0 


13  Se 

CM  O 


h.  III.      ». 

14  48  l(i.  1 

51  0.5.4 

52  14. 1 
,57  14.2 
,59  40. 3 

15  08  50. 0 
08  58. 7 
10  10.9 
10  24.7 

19  40.2 

20  .51!.  5 
22  09. 1 
22  40. 0 
25  2  '.  9 

20  20. 4 

27  18.0 
27  .53.4 

29  23. 8 

30  52. 9 
33  20.  3 

15  34  40.  3 

37  29.7 

38  00.7 
40  21.9 
44  35.2 

48  81.2 
48  3.i.9 

51  18.8 
.52  21.9 

52  5(i.  0 

54  49.  4 
.58  10.2 
.58  .54.8 
59  33.  0 
Ki  04  49.  9 

05  59. 1 
00  30. 1 
07  47.8 
tl9  .5(i.  3 
15  3-<.  1 

15  ,58.9 
10  21.4 

17  13.7 

18  08.0 

21  41.5 


+  1.517 

—  0. 240 
+  1.984 
+  2.200 

+  i.u;9 

4-  8.284 
+  8.979 
+  3. 220 
+  1.7.59 
+  2. 8<!8 

—  0. 144 
+  1.325 
+  2. 47(i 
+  1.  179 
+  2. 153 

+  2.  145 
+  2.414 
+  a.  .539 
+  2.0.5(> 
+  a.  154 

+  2.2.57 

+  2.  518 

+  2.951 

+  2.  7(i5 

+  2. 987 

+  2.071 

—  2.281 
+  2.019 
+  2.  485 
4-  3.  .537 

+  1.410 
+  3.477 
+  1.525 
+   1.119 

+  1.884 

-;-  0.134 
+  1. 170 
4-  3.  138 
4-  2.  055 
+  2. 048 

+  1.798 
+  2.044 
+  a.  343 
+  2.302 
+  1.309 


dl 

1 

iif 

A//' 

1. 

II 

II 

+ 

9 

—  .09 

—a.  51 

+ 

103 

+  .39 

+1.,54 

+ 

1 

—  .05 

— 1.4H 

0 

—  .27 

—  .73 

+ 

1 

—  .05 

—  .04 

+ 

1 

—  .47 

-1.13 

+ 

7 

—  .18 

—  .  40 

+ 

12 

—  .81 

—  .49 

+ 

5 

—  .51 

-2.  10 

+ 

1 

—  .50 

—LOG 

+ 

75 

—  .51 

-1.03 

+ 

14 

+     00 

—  .,53 

+ 

2 

+  .34 

—  .(i5 

+ 

17 

+  .38 

+  1..51 

+ 

o 

+  .03 

-  .80 

+ 

2 

+  ..58 

—  .03 

+ 

2 

—  .82 

-2.  17 

+ 

2 

—  .37 

—  .77 

+ 

3 

—  .  21 

~  ..59 

+ 

8 

—1.08 

—2. 50 

+ 

2 

—  .  19 

—  .18 

+ 

3 

+  .20 

-3.90 

+ 

l< 

—  .20 

-  .71 

+ 

4 

+1.01 

—1.77 

+ 

7 

-.00 

—1.19 

+ 

2 

+1. 00 

+9.99 

+ 

203 

—  .11 

+  ■14 

+ 

4 

—  .21 

—1.07 

+ 

3 

—  1.59 

—2. 75 

+ 

10 

—  .24 

—2.  tij 

+ 

10 

+  .28 

+  1.32 

+ 

14 

-  .  10 

—.5.  ^0 

+ 

9 

+  .72 

+  1.00 

+ 

14 

+  .27 

+  .03 

+ 

5 

+  .07 

—  .40  1 

+ 

40 

+  .18 

-  .10 

+ 

14 

—  .32 

-2.  70 

+ 

H 

—  .25 

+  .10 

+ 

4 

+  .07 

—2.11 

+ 

4 

+  .09 

+  ..90 

+ 

r> 

—  .  35 

—  .34 

+ 

4 

—  .  08 

—  .80 

+ 

3 

—  .28 

—1.04 

+ 

3 

+  .la 

— 1.32 

+ 

10 

+  1.15 

+3.  40 

[197]  CATALOGUE  OF  500  GTAES. 

for  the  epoch  1875.0— Continued. 


003 


u 

a   . 

S  A 

a 

ti  « 

•E=! 

£  =- 

.2 

*■  2 

«io 

0  a  a 

^ 

c 

Deplinotion, 

1875.0. 

*~ 

^ 

.-2 

d?S 

(Pi 

a 

•^ 

.o 

■0"° 

.a 

'a    - 

1  =-J 

dt' 

d(> 

d 

a 

a 

1^ 

CLi 

1 

5.2 

1^.3 
go  '- 

II 

1 

Hi 

o 

/ 

II 

„ 

// 

II 

II 

II 

•220 

+  5'.t 

48 

Oi».  07 

.  25 

1 

—  14.7440 

.  0082 

4-  1531 

4- 

25 

4. 

.  1120 

227 

+  74 

;i'.t 

58.  82 

.00 

23 

—  14.7U>5 

.0021 

—     187 

4- 

103 

4- 

.  0044 

•228 

4-  5(1 

08 

25.  1 1 

.25 

1 

—  14.8035 

.0083 

4-  2043 

4- 

30 

.  2408 

22!) 

■+  4() 

5;i 

04.27 

.08 

14 

—  14.30,57 

.  0035 

4-  2359 

4- 

37 



.  0453 

•2;«) 

+  48 

08 

:!(».  !U 

.23 

2 

—  14.  KiOl 

.  00(i5 

4-  20.57 

4- 

28 

4- 

.  040(5 

'231 

+  :i8 

44 

02.  28 

.27 

1 

—  13.  (i  128 

.0114 

4-  2504 

4- 

,3(i 

.  0103 

2:!2 

+    ■'■> 

24 

17.  12 

.  23 

2 

—  13.03(!0 

.  0075 

4-  3240 

+ 

()8 



.  0220 

2;i;! 

—     8 

55 

i;t.(io 

.07 

20 

—  13..5(ill 

.  0020 

+  3518 

4- 

81 



.0309 

2;n 

+  52 

24 

:!;!.  50 

.33 

1 

—  13.  1,505 

.017 

4-  1000 

4- 

25 

.  021 

'£& 

4-  ;i7 

48 

50. 7:1 

.10 

0 

—  12.8177 

.  0033 

4-  2.575 

+ 

34 

4- 

.  0884 

2;ic 

+  72 

Ifi 

4;t.  02 

.08 

14 

—  12.8(107 

.0024 

—     107 

+ 

84 

4- 
+ 

.0177 

•2;!7 

+  5<» 

24 

l(!.(i8 

.  (lit 

13 

—  12.7252 

.  0042 

4-  1547 

+ 

20 

.0207 

2:!8 

+  2'.l 

;!2 

I5.;i4 

.10 

3 

—  12.0428 

.  00.57 

+  2.-30 

+ 

41 

4- 

.0075 

•2;!i> 

+  (il 

0(5 

07. 12 

.31 

1 

—  12.  .51,02 

.0103 

4-  1307 

+ 

28 

.0129 

2^- 

+  41 

15 

:»;.  0:1 

.24 

»l 

—  12.4,5,50 

.0081 

4-  2515 

4- 

31 

— 

.0020 

241 

+  41 

1!) 

28.  32 

.24 

0 

—  12.4035 

.  0070 

4-  2500 

4- 

30 

.  0003 

212 

+  ;ti 

4(i 

55.  88 

.  2(> 

1 

—  12.37,50 

.  (1000 

+  2r20 

+ 

30 

.  0.'17 

24;t 

+  27 

08 

I1..55 

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25 

—  12.3408 

.  0021 

4-  2005 

+ 

42 



.0007 

214 

+  4;! 

:i4 

5().  5!) 

.23 

.J 

—  12.  1038 

.  0005 

4-  2433 

+ 

■J.S 

+ 

.0431 

245 

+  40 

45 

41.21 

.23 

0 

—  11.0172 

.  0005 

+  2577 

4- 

:;o 

4- 

.  0580 

•24fi 

-f-  37 

02 

;5;5. 81 

.20 

0 

—  11.8702 

.  0007 

4-  2700 

4- 

32 

+ 

.  00.52 

217 

+  2(i 

41 

WW.  (i(i 

.10 

3 

—  11.(i(-4l 

.  0054 

4-  3027 

4- 

40 

+ 

.0174 

248 

+     (i 

411 

12.87 

.00 

24 

—  1l.(iO',7 

.  0022 

4-  3,505 

+ 

58 

+ 

.  0330 

240 

+  IS 

48 

.52.01 

.10 

3 

—  11.52lHi 

.  00.52 

+  3300 

4- 

49 

.0177 

2r)0 

+     •• 

51 

10.  (>2 

.10 

10 

—  11.  1035 

.  0030 

4-  3077 

4- 

5,1 

4- 

.0081 

'251 

-1-  42 

48 

08.07 

.2(5 

1 

—   10.2001 

.  0003 

4-  2(520 

4- 

24 

+ 

.01,50 

252 

+  78 

10 

40.  77 

.07 

18 

—  lO.K-24 

.0024 

—  2731 

+ 

280 

.0011) 

25;t 

+  42 

55 

4;i.  CO 

.34 

1 

—  I0.(i«15 

.  0000 

4-  2530 

4- 

25 



.0107 

254 

-1-  •-'7 

14 

27.  75 

.15 

4 

—   10.0.578 

.0053 

4-  3120 

4- 

30 

. 

.01)15 

255 

y.j 

15 

50. 04 

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0 

—  10.5034 

.0040 

4-  4129 

4- 

82 

— 

.  0305 

•25(5 

+  55 

00 

13.04 

.22 

0 

—  10.3n0(! 

.  on,*9 

4-  1772 

+ 

21 

_ 

.  11()2 

257 

—  I!> 

27 

41.  :m 

.08 

1(1 

—  10.2034 

.  0032 

+  441:; 

+ 

75 



.  M->0 

258 

+  '•;< 

15 

40.  12 

.  .'■* 

::;.;)  Ml 

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4-  1001 

+ 

21 



.031 

25it 

+  T'- 

51! 

58.  00 

"11 

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—     0. 7203 

.0030 

+  1408 

4- 

22 



.  3408 

2(10 

+  45 

15 

48.77 

.10 

3 

—     0. 02.58 

.  0051 

+  2443 

4- 

22 

— 

.  0330 

9(51 

4    08 

08 

22. 03 

.10 

3 

—     0.,50'.2 

(1005 

+     204 

4- 

,52 

4- 

.  0090 

•2()2 

+  58 

15 

50.  87 

.  35 

1 

—     0.  .i827 

.  I>.'3 

4-  1512 

+ 

23 

+ 

OKI 

2(i:i 

—    ;t 

22 

14.  08 

.117 

17 

—     0..-,740 

.  0,132 

4-  4075 

+ 

.5() 

.  1434 

2(i4 

+  :s. 

07 

20.  87 

.  23 

2 

—     0. 3.570 

.0113 

+  3I0() 

4- 

37 



00:!1 

•2(i5 

+  40 

00 

31.00 

.49 

—     8.8110 

014 

4-  20'.)y 

4- 

22 

4- 

005 

2(i(> 

-f    4(! 

:!(! 

42. 70 

.10 

0 

—     8. 7700 

.  0037 

4-  2301 

4- 

20 

+ 

0220 

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+  l'.» 

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53.  32 

.13 

0 

—     fi.  7002 

.  (M)43 

+  3502 

4- 

34 

4- 

0.530 

21)8 

+  ;ii 

10 

.50.  72 

.  20 

*> 

—     H.  50'.'-< 

.  0005 

4-  3110 

4- 

2(i 

4- 

1010 

2(iy 

+  :i2 

;t7 

33.  02 

.  22 

•■i 

—     8.0.121 

.  007(i 

+  3072 

4- 

20 

+ 

OO.i-2 

•270 

+  55 

2<J 

24.20 

^25 

1 

—    8.31,12 

.  0000 

4-  1705 

4- 

20 

4- 

0210 

604 


UNITED  STATES  NOETHERN  BOUNDARY  COiMMISSION. 


[198] 


Catalogue  of  500  8tars 


s 


271 

*y7It 
274 
275 

*27() 
277 
278 
279 
280 

281 
282 
'Mi 
284 
•2H5 

2P6 
•287 
•2r8 
•289 

290 

391 

292 
293 
294 
295 

290) 
297 
•29S 
2!)9 
300 

301 
•302 

;;o3 

104 
305 

•300 
307 
3(Jff 
309 
310 


B 
a 
a 
.  c 


n 


I 


5498 
5512 
5523 
5520 
5535 

5545 
5541 
5552 
5548 
55t)8 

5506 
5578 
5(i04 
5tiI7 
5024 

5643 

5(i44 
5()58 
5093 
5700 

5708 
5731 
5747 
5780 
i776 

5778 
5^0I 
5^23 
5821 
5834 

f)847 
5853 
5874 
5876 
5880 

5911 

5918 
5937 
5941 
5997 


Namo. 


a  Scorpil... 
I?  Drncnnis  . 
30  llorciilis. . 
X  Opbiiiclii. 
34  Herculis. . 

15  Drnconis  . 
32  Hcrculis. . 
a  HcTculis. . 
C    0|>binchi . 


42  Hcrculis 

a    TiiaD)<;uU  Aust. 

f    Hcrculis 

ri    Hcrculis. 

46  Hcrculis 


53  Hcrculis. 


K    Opiiiuclil 

e     Hcrculis 

59  Hcrculis 

e    UmiD  Miuoris . 


ri    Scorpii 


i    Dracouis  ..  . 

..'  Hcrc,:!!s 

ff   Hcrculis 


69  Hcrculis. 


14  Opbiucbi . 
fi'  Hcrculis.. 


77  Hcrculis. 


I)    Driiconis  . 
a    Opbiucbi . 


311     C0n()     (J    Dracnnis 


312  I  6021 


313 

314 

"315 


0033 
0036 
6047 


ft    Herculls. 
87  Hcrculis.. 


i/.i  Urnconis 


1 
3 
5 
4 
6.5 

4.5 

6 

4 
3.5 

6 

5 
2 
3 
3 

7 


0 
6 
5 
G 

4 

3 

5 
4 

ti 

3.5 

0 

3 
3. 5 
3. 5 

4.5 
0 
0 


5.5 

6 
2.5 

2 

6 

4 
4 

6 

7 

4.5 


ag=. 
o  ■«  .. 


h.   m.     8. 

15  21  44. 7 

22  18.2 
24  32.3 
24  30.6 
i-O  40.2 

28  14.3 

28  37.  0 
30  04.5 
30  10.6 
32  32. 4 

16  35  21. 4 
35  2(i.  9 
3(i  34.  5 
38  30.  7 

40  06.7 

42  55. 7 

43  19.8 

44  17.8 
48  13.0 

50  43.9 

51  4.5. 1 
55  30.  5 
.50  59.  3 
.58  ,50.9 

17  01  31.0 

03  12. 1 
05  23. 9 
08  25. 7 
08  50. 9 
10  41.0 

13  21.0 
13  37.  8 

17  37.0 

18  44.2 

19  22.  2 

23  25. 4 

24  12.5 

27  3r.5 

29  08.  0 

30  ,50.  0 

37  41. 1 

41  34.0 
43  4.-I.0 

43  40.7 

44  09.9 


".a 

H  a 
a  o 
c;: 


+  3.(i68 
+  0.805 
+  1.9*)8 
+  3.024 
+  1.044 

—  0. 141 
+  2.;t32 
+  1.932 
+  3.298 
+  1.741 

+  1.625 
+  0.287 
+  2.203 
+  2.  Or,5 
+  2.  385 

+  1.134 
+  1.914 
+  1.237 
+  2.20!> 
+  1.721 

+  2. 835 
+  2.293 
+  2.209 

—  0.  370 
+  1.594 


4.  iSG 
1.  151 
0. 102 
2. 733 
2.087 


+ 

^-  2.03li 
+  l.,527 
+  1.908 
+  3. 0.57 
+  2.070 

+  1.580 
+  0.895 
+  1.351 
+  2.782 
+  1.815 

—  0. 355 
+  2.  345 
-f  2.430 
-f  1.013 

—  1.0B2 


+  15 

+  18 
+  4 
0 
0 


+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 


41 
3 
4 
9 


+  c 

+  91 

+  3 

+  4 

+  3 

+  10 

+  4 

+  10 

+  :t 

+  & 

+  4 

+  3 

+  3 

+  307 

+  « 

+  17 

+  8 

+  19 

+  :t 

+  3 


+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+  II 

+  1 

+  3 

+  ;t 

+  2 


Arf 


—  .18 

+  .06 
—1.35 

—  .07 
+  .75 

.00 
+  .65 

—  .05 
—1. 65 
+  .93 

+  .ar 

—  .09 

—  .14 
—1.44 

+  .20 

—  .21 

—  .23 

+  .09 

.00 

—1.38 

—  .21 

—  .34 
—1. 49 
+  .02 

—  .01 

—  .25 

+  .90 

—  .02 
+  .13 

—  .  00 

—  .08 

—  .56 

—  .29 

—  .  55 

—  .10  ! 

-.30i 
+  .50 
+  .05 

—  .22 

-t-  .:i7 

+  .40 

—  .40 

—  .13 
+  .19 
+  .08 


A/z' 


—  .67 

—  .54 
—3.74 
—1.42 

+1. 2H 

—  .41 

—  .47 

+  .40 
—2.  58 
+1. 10 

—  .41 
—1.03 

—  .10 
—2. 03 
+1.11 

—1.85 

—  .00 
+  .84 
—1.00 
-4. 12 

—  .80 
—2. 15 
—2. 89 

—  ..59 
+2.  89 

+  ..57 
+3. 90 
+  .28 

—  .26 

—  .87 

—3. 09 
—4.  18 
+  .93 
—1.  11 
-l.l»!J 

+  .01 
+  1.!K> 

—  .00 
—1.11 

.00  I 

+  1.97 
— 1.  19 
—1.17 
+  1.30 

—  .41 


[199]  CATALOGUE  OF  500  STARS. 

for  tlie  epoch  1875.0— Continued. 


605 


u 

o 

k 

g  A 

- 

si 

Declination.  1875.0. 

to 

1% 

'Co 

(iM 

(P,i 

•s 

e 
e 

-6 

a 

3 

1 

li 

a  -w 
<! 

III 

lit" 

rf( 

3 

1 
Oh 

a 

o 

/          II 

II 

u 

II 

,1 

n 

^ 

271 

—  20 

09    09.18 

.09 

u 

-     p.  3734 

.0041 

+  4900 

+ 

71 



.  0307 

272 

+  01 

47    51.11 

.07 

17 

—    8.2370 

.  flfl2() 

+  1107 

+ 

20 

+ 

.  0540 

*27:t 

+  42 

09    28.  15 

.27 

1 

—     8.1111 

.  0083 

+  20,5(i 

+ 

20 

+ 

.  0020 

274 

+   a 

15    32.04 

.11 

3 

—    8. 2002 

.  0043 

+  40(!8 

+ 

44 

.  0982 

275 

+  49 

14     02.15 

.43 

—    8.0040 

.  0109 

+  2230 

+ 

18 

— 

.0012 

*37fi 

+  09 

02    18. 29 

.13 

C 

-    7.7958 

.  0047 

—     1,57 

+ 

55 

+ 

.  0209 

277 

+  30 

45     45.25 

.20 

.» 

—    7.7908 

.0100 

+  31.58 

+ 

21 

.  0047 

27H 

+  42 

41     4.5.08 

.12 

(i 

—    7.0334 

.0041 

+  2037 

+ 

19 

+ 

.  0350 

279 

—  10 

11     43.50 

.11 

8 

—    7.0308 

.  0047 

+  4180 

+ 

.52 

+ 

.0212 

280 

+  40 

52    01.93 

.40 

1 

—    7. 4.570 

.0110 

+  2379 

+ 

17 

-1- 

.0110 

2S1 

+  49 

10     2.5.04 

.19 

2 

—    7.2H4 

.  00,52 

+  2335 

+ 

17 

+ 

.  0209 

2^2 

—  08 

47    39. 59 

.  22 

2 

—    7.2-8-J 

.  0094 

+  8585 

+ 

2(>8 

.  0503 

28ii 

+  :u 

49    49.47 

.08 

15 

—    0.73-7 

.  0032 

+  3008 

+ 

20 

+ 

.4010 

>4M 

+  39 

09    39.91 

.10 

9 

—    7.0033 

.  0030 

+  2844 

+ 

19 

.09(}3 

*28o 

+  28 

35     15. 28 

.30 

1 

—    0.8077 

.  0087 

+  3302 

+ 

22 

+ 

.  0421 

2SC 

+  ">7 

00    20.98 

.10 

4 

—    0.,5072 

.  0103 

+   1590 

+ 

17 

+ 

.  0505 

*2.-i7 

+  J2 

27     45.00 

.29 

1 

—    0.0194 

.0104 

+  2(i08 

+ 

10 

.  0350 

'■28a 

+  .'•m 

37     54.  (il 

.29 

1 

—    li.  5200 

.  0122 

+  1751 

+ 

17 

— 

.  021  (i 

'28!) 

+  31 

,54    :;5.3( 

.19 

2 

—    ().2(I02 

.  0050 

+  3159 

+ 

■  9 

— 

.  0220 

2iK) 

+  40 

44    31.22 

.34 

1 

—    0.0105 

.  0131 

+  2428 

+ 

14 

— 

.0412 

2>n 

+   n 

34     15. 45 

.07 

19 

—    5. 8897 

.  0032 

+  3947 

+ 

27 

_ 

.  0050 

Ot^J 

+  :U 

00    42.18 

.10 

9 

—     5. 547(i 

.  0042 

+  3230 

+ 

17 

+ 

.0215 

~>'Xt 

+  33 

45     01.75 

.15 

4 

-     .5.4424 

.  110,58 

+  3120 

+ 

1(> 

+ 

.0021 

2!)l 

+  82 

14     22.49 

.07 

18 

—    ,5. 2900 

.  Il'''.i8 

—  892(1 

+ 

552 

.  0029 

21):. 

+  48 

.58    37.  19 

.,30 

1 

—     .5.1.53S 

.0113 

+  22.-5 

+ 

13 

— 

.0911 

29r. 

—  43 

04     17.25 

.29 

1 

—    5.1930 

.0109 

+  0(1-3 

+ 

03 

_ 

.  27 13 

297 

+  .V) 

55     38.90 

,48 

...... 

—     4.(i9:i7 

.  014 

+  10.52 

-y 

14 

+ 

.  039 

•298 

+  05 

,52     0(i,  91) 

.11 

—     4.4578 

.11039 

+     251 

-t- 

27 

+ 

.  0108 

299 

+  It 

32    03.70 

.a(i 

23 

—     4.4IU9 

.  0022 

+  3905 

+ 

19 

+ 

.  0204 

SOU 

+  30 

,57    03.05 

.11 

7 

-     4.29,)9 

.  00,50 

+  29.87 

+ 

12 

.0147 

301 

+  :!7 

25    24.02 

.18 

3 

—    4.0009 

.  0049 

+  2920 

+ 

11 

+ 

.  0401 

•;i(i2 

+  49 

49    33.75 

.30 

1 

—    4.01.57 

.0123 

+  2190 

+ 

10 

+ 

.0112 

lio;! 

+  40 

05    ,54.51 

.  20 

1 

—    3.75(il 

.0100 

+  2840 

+ 

10 

.0097 

:m 

—  24 

03     29.05 

.13 

0 

—     3. 7222 

.0000 

+  5200 

+ 

27 



.1311 

30o 

+  :!7 

15     43.  15 

.11 

7 

—     3.  ,54.58 

.  0042 

+  29.-5 

+ 

10 

— 

.  0092 

•liOO 

+  48 

21     ,50.08 

.18 

3 

—    3,2029 

.  0058 

+  2299 

+ 

9 

_ 

.01.59 

;)U7 

+  M 

45    21.  .50 

.25 

1 

—     3. 0992 

.0110 

+  1303 

+ 

12 

+ 

.0199 

;i(if 

+   ,-:2 

23     40.  57 

.07 

17 

—     2.82,-.5 

.  0025 

■f  19.59 

+ 

8 

.00(10 

;i(i9 

+    I'-i 

39    (.9.44 

.00 

24 

—    2.9-'99 

.  0022 

+  41114 

+ 

12 

— 

.2371 

;no 

+  43 

H-  08 

31     58.07 

—     1. 9728 

+  2050 
—     499 

+ 
+ 

(', 

+ 
+ 

.  050 

311 

48    55.74 

.11 

7 

—     1.02.58 

.0041 

14 

.  3237 

;u2 

+  ^7 

47     42.  17 

.07 

20 

—     2.3701 

.01)31 

+  33811 

+ 

8 

.  7589 

;!i:! 

+  25 

39    .50. 97 

.18 

3 

—     1.4703 

.  (!057 

+  3.538 

+ 

f-j 



.0497 

:ii4 

+  47 

39    22.19 

.41 

1 

—     1.40.53 

.014 

+  23.58 

+ 

5 

+ 

.013 

•315 

+  72 

12    34.25 

,11 

7 

—     I.a570 

.0040 

—  1,Vk) 

+ 

30 

.  2731 

11 

ih 

'll 


I 


m 


60G 


l!NITi:i>  STATliS  NOKTHEKN  BOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


[liOOJ 


Catalogue  of  500  s/<ir« 


'/^ 


310 

•:;i7 
:»8 
:n'.i 
a-M 

•:!2i 

•.va 

:wr> 

•3--'0 
3J8 

•sin 
•;<:!2 

;i:i4 
';i3o 

n;i(i 

:!:i7 

";!;i8 

:t:ii» 

340 


(i073 
11(17'.) 

(;ii8-j 

tiOOl 

fill4 
(ill,-) 
(i  1.^.0 

ciri- 

(il(>8 


(3iO(i 
OJKi 
()-,'81 
(i'i'.i!> 

r.'.w) 

6.>4.-> 
fi-.'(i8 
(WHO 
(iSOi 
(i;!18 

(1325 
()3.")r. 
(i3(i5 
(WOO 
0:187 


341  '■  0307 
•342  :  0421 

343  !  (1429 

344  j  0440 
34.-.     0403 


340 

*347 

348 

31!) 

3.-)0 

3;>i 
*:!r)2 

•3.-i3 
3.->4 

X,:, 

3.-fi 

3:w 

•3,-.8 
3.7J 
300 


0478 
0470 
0487 
04111 
0520 

0.Y28 

o.-\;.3 

(kWO 

(iri84 

0585 

6012 
OliUt 
01124 
0050 
0040 


Xiiiiio. 


88 
89 

(I 

r 


IllTl-lllis.. 

IleriMilis.. 
Diaioiiis  . 
llcrinlis  . 
DrucoiiiH  . 


35  Driiconis  . 

}'  S.inittniii 

o  Hticnlis.. 

102  Ilorciilis  . 

40  Draeonis  , 


Ursiu  Mini 
ScrpoiitiH 
Ocluiitis.. 


ft      I.yrm 

39    Draeonis  . 
X      Uracciuis  . 


I  Aqiiilu). 

II  Lyra)  .. 


f'     Lvra)  ..  . 
110  Hercnlis. 


Ill  Hcrciilis 
,3 


Lyra)   

Saj^itlarii 
0       Uracunis  . 

.'lO     Uraconis  . 


Afinila) . 
Lyra)  .. 
Aquila). 


Aqnilic . . . 

LyriD 

Ura(M>nis  . 
Sasiltarii 
Aqiiilu).. 


d      Draeonis 
K      CyKHi... 


Draeoniu 
Aqiiilu)  .. 


a 


3.  5 
4 


4 

4 

.').  5 
3.5 


0 
3 
4 
0 

0 
5..') 

5 
4.5 

0 


a  t^ 


3 
3 

3 

0 
0 
5 
0 

3 

4 

0 
4.5 
3.5 


"a  a 

a  o 


17  40  47. 1 
.'0  22.7 
51  22. 1 
51  .57  9 
55  42.  4 


(J 

03  ;,  . ,  . 

00  17.2 

18  09  2  ^  4 
12  30.0 
12  39.3 

14  50.5 

15  28.5 

17  17.0 

20  00.  8 

22  01.9 

23  18.0 

25  5,-'  -i 

28  24.3 
32  42.  I 
35  5H.  1 
40  1 1.  9 
•10  17.0 

II  30.  1 

44  10.0 

45  27.9 
47  30.  8 
49  21.4 

.'.0  23.  0 

51  29.3 

53  .57.  0 

.54  10.0 

.59  30.9 

18  r9  39.8 

19  02  42.  0 

09  17.7 

10  19.2 
10  19.9 

a  31.3 
14  12.- 
14  47.  4 
17  50.7 
19  11,7 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 


1.507 

2,  420 
1.030 
2. 0,53 

1.  394 

2. 090 

3.  8,52 

2.  33H 
2. 500 

3.  .584 


—  4. 470 
+  1.002 

—  19.420 

4-  3. 100 

+109.  0,5p 

+  2. 045 

+  1.974 

+  0. 874 

—  1.075 
_  +  0.  820 

+  3. 272 

+  2.o:il 

+  2. 030 

+  1.9-0 

+  2.,5fi2 


4- 
4- 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 


2.  (149 

i.r>4; 

2.214 

3.  723 

0.887 

1,  901 
l.,5H) 

2.  721 
2.  2 12 
3. 184 


2.200 
0.  238 
3.  514 
2.  909 

0.  033 
1.388 
2.0(15 
1.108 
3. 024 


+ 
+ 
+ 
■+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 


1 


—  20 

+  1 

—  3,85 

+  -' 
—11035 

+  2 

+  -J 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 


Ail 


0 
I 
17 
0 
1 

23 
3 
1 

58 
2 


—  .05 

—  .20 
+  1.05 

—  .47 
+  .04 

+  .24 
+  .07 
+  .43 

—  .41 

—  .38 


+  .411 
+  .17 
+  .12 

+   .08 

+  .  55 

—  .05 

—  .18 

—  .  15 

+  .38 

+  .  05 
00 

—  .12 

—  .70 

+  .08 

+  .03 
+  .35 

—  ..53 

—  .03 

00 

+1.  H 
+  1.45 

—  .05 

—  .50 

—  .1(1 

—  .0- 

—  .  12 
+  .21 

—3.50 

—  .73 

+  .25 

—  .  14 

—  .01 
,70 
,11 


+ 


A/i' 


u  I 

—  1,39  i 

—  .90  i 
+1.02  I 
—1.83  1 

+  .28  : 

+  .  84  i 
+   .  15  I 

—  .Hi 
-1.09  I 

—  .18  ^ 

+3,  24 

+  1.50 

+  .00 
^  -21 

—  !  70 

+  1.70 

—  1.22 
+  .22 
—1.50 
+1.01   • 

—  .82 
—1.10 

—  .48 

—  .04 
+  .05 

—1.29  ' 
+2.  08 
—2.51   ! 
+  .28  I 

—  .02 

+1.C5 
+1..54 
+  .74 

—  1.3H 


—1.03 

—  .42 

+  _.C.O 

—  K78 

+  .74 

+  .40 
+  .  00 
+  1.0(1 
+  .03 


I, 


[201]  CATALOGUE  OP  600  STAKS. 

for  the  epoch  1875.0 — Continued. 


607 


s 

s   . 

gcfl 

d 

-p 

,0 

0 

u 

Declination. 

1875.0. 

xs. 

IS 

3  =  § 

<r-.j 

(I'd 

2-         1 

•l-«" 

•?. 

s"^- 

•2a.3 

dti 

tU^ 

>. 

a 

a 

a 

1^ 

'5 

a  0 

•2 -2^ 
2  o'c 

c 

g 

•/^ 

0. 

1* 

<! 

p^ 

^ 

0 

/ 

(* 

II 

It 

// 

/I 

II 

n 

316 

+  4>^ 

25 

43. 42 

.22 

a 

— 

1. 1,526 

.  0063 

+     2287 

+ 

4 

+ 

0031 

M17 

+  •.'« 

01 

10.  .59 

.14 

5 

— 

0.8413 

.  0065 

+     3528 

+ 

3 

+ 

0004 

:il8 

+  56 

.^3 

34.27 

.16 

4 

— 

0.  ti840 

.  0048 

+     1.530 

+ 

4 

+ 

07 12 

;ii'j 

+  37 

l(i 

05. 73 

.23 

2 

— 

0. 6902 

.  0060 

+    2992 

+ 

3 

+ 

0127 

;!-jo 

+  51 

30 

15. 44 

.07 

20 

— 

0. 5808 

.0023 

+    2037 

+ 

4 

0302 

*;wi 

+  76 

58 

40. 25 

.18 

3 



0. 1001 

.0052 

—     3913 

+ 

14 

+ 

2431 

\ni 

—  30 

a5 

23. 53 

.18 

3 

— 

0.4128 

.  008(i 

^-     5612 

0 

2185 

;w:! 

+  yrt 

44 

47.  .53 

.21 

2 

+ 

0. 2247 

.  0064 

+     3408 

0 



0086 

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+  -JO 

47 

45.  Oti 

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1 

+ 

0.2617 

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+     3738 



1 



0369 

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—  yi 

05 

21.58 

.08 

14 

+ 

0. 5383 

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+     5216 

— 

7 

— 

0118 

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+  70 

58 

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+ 

0. 9 108 

.  0062 

—    648(i 

_ 

44 

-+- 

1104 

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+  5(i 

3-J 

47. 26 

.  54 

+ 

1. 1722 

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+ 

079 

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+  ,<l! 

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27.  58 

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1.1,574 

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+  159005 

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+  17 

45 

53.  82 

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+ 

1.4948 

.  022 

+     3840 

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+  39 

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+ 

1.7474 

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3 



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.  +  58 

43 

43.  56 

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1. 9835 

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+     1250 



2 

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0.542 

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+  7-J 

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—     1401 



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2.  302(i 

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19 

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2. 14-9 

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3.  124(i 

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8 

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3. 1376 

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6 

+ 

3.  .5,520 

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+     28:i(i 



8 

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0.526 

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25 

41. 18 

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3 

+ 

3. 1592 

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+     3692 

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13 

3475 

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02 

37.70 

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+ 

3.7118 

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+     3791 

15 

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1001 

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17 

39.  20 

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3.  8772 

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0278 

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5.  0587 

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1033 

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18 

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0.8.54 

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12 

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1100 

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(!.  4379 

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52 

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ti.  8691 

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+  4142 



39 

+ 

0703 

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608 


B 

a 


am 

•;5(i;i 

305 

300 
3(>7 

•308 
309 

•370 

371 
372 
•373 
371 
375 

•370 

•377 

37H 

379 

380 

381 

•3«'> 
3-3 
381 

•385 

•380 
3^-7 
388 
38'.) 
300 

•391 
30t' 
393 
394 

•305 

300 
307 
•398 
399 
400 

401 
40J 
•403 
404 
405 


UNITED  STATES  NOKTHERN  BOUNDARY  COMMISSION. 


[202J 


n 


oor>7 
oooi 

()(i81 
0(190 
0097 

0008 
0713 
C7-.'8 
0734 
6748 

0758 
(i772 
0780 
0779 
08Ud 

0817 
0830 
0830 
0-'33 
0909 

0850 
i:805 
<i879 
(•.''03 
0037 

0070 
OOOTi 
0974 
7005 
7004 

70'.>4 
7()-.>'2 
7031 
70(>1 
7073 

7088 
7098 
7100 
7I-J4 
7121 

7140 
7119 
71(iO 
7171 
7173 


Naniv. 


5    Viilpeciila). 


fJ    CjKiii. 
4-    CyBui- 


8    CyRiii . . 
K     AquiliD. 


0     C.VKiii . 


10   VllllH'CUllD. 

y    Aqtiilm..  .. 


(1     C.VKiii    .- 
(I    Aqailns.. 


e    Drftci):iis 

/?    Aqiiiliii 

X    lIi'BiuMliioris  . 


V'    Cygni. 


15  Viiliii'cnlro. 
T  AquiliL'..  .. 
S'^  Cygni 


08  Piacnnis  .. 

o-  Cygni 

o-  Ca|ii'lcorni. 

K  Cc|ilK'i 

a  I'avonis  ... 


71  Draconis  .. 

y    fygni 

!r    Ca)>i'ic(iriii 

40  Cv;;ni , 

42  fygiii 


e     Dclpliini 
fl     Ct'liliel  .. 


{i    Delpliiiii 


29  VnlpoculiG. 
n     IX'lpliiui  .. 


Cygni... 
Uuipliiai 


Catalogue  of  500  stars 


0.  5 

0.5 

3 


3.5 
1.5 


3. 5 

5.5 
() 


G 
4 
3 
4.5 
2 

0.5 


0 

5. 5 

4 


15  £» 


3.5 
0 
1 
4 


19  20  15. 4 
20  4,5.9 

23  31.2 
25  40.8 
20  33.  3 

27  08.3 
30  10.0 

32  33.9 

33  05.  4 
35  52. 7 

38  31.1 
40  10.0 

40  48.0 

41  04.1 
44  41.1 

40  20. 0 
4"  20. 2 
4-i  3,-).  1 
49  10.4 
49  17.8 

.52  23.9 
,53  19.9 
,55  ,57.2 
5^'  02.  0 

20  04  47. 2 

00  31.0 
09  41.8 
11  07.0 
13  03.7 
15  44.7 

17  31.3 
17  44.5 
20  09.9 
22  5(i.4 

24  34.  4 

27  14.4 

27  28.8 

28  31 !  3 

30  31.0 

31  41.2 

32  ,50.  3 

33  ,50,0 
35  40.3 
37  10.3 
37  37.  4 


a   J 

>  a 


c 
< 


+  2.480 
+  2. 010 
+  1.000 
+  2.417 
4-  1.514 

+  2.234 
+  3.230 
+  1.910 
4-  1.000 
+  1.3,50 

+  2.  493 
4-  2.8,52 
+  1.  178 
+  1.870 
+  2.928 

+  2.0(i2 
+  1.703 

—  0. 173 
+  2.  047 
—00.  017 

+  1..5,54 

+  1.039 

+  2.  40-* 

+  2.933 

+  2.  220 

+  0.002 
+  1.8^0 
+  3.331 

—  1.800 
+  4.787 

+  1.014 
+  2.  1.52 
+  3.441 
+  2.221 
+  2.287 

+  2.800 
+  l.OIO 
-j-  2.080 

—  0.210 
+  2.811 

+  2.070 
+  2.789 
4-  l.,500 
+  2.044 
+  2.800 


7ft' 


+ 
+ 

+ 


—  4 

+         1 

—  1 

0 

—  2 


+ 


1 

0 

—  44 

—  1 

—20710 


+ 


+ 


+ 

+ 
+ 


14 

0 

8  I 
1()5 
,59 

14 


II 


1 

15 


+ 

—       07 


Ad 


—  .33 
+  .03 

—  .07 

+  .00 
-i-  .08 

—  .10 
—1.92 
+  .02 

—  .08 
+  .17 

—  .13 

—  .08 

—  .48 

—  .10 
+  .14 

—  .10 

—  ..50 
+1.40 

—  .34 
+  .,57 


+ 
+ 


.20 
.40 
.01 
— 1.3:i 
—1. 14 


+  .51 

—  .17 

—  .23 
+  1.28 

—  .  33 

+  .30 
-  .  l(i 
—1.  25 

—  .ti7 

—  .13 


+ 


.43 
.  20 
.00 
.33 
.  23 

.44 

.05 
.17 
.  25 
.33 


V 


—1.05 
—2.  01 
+  .75 

—  .04 
+  .55 

—1.33 
—2. 12 

+1.70 
+1. 15 
+  1.90 

—1.  45 

—  .  34 

—  .  .57 
—1. 12 
+  .31 

+  .05 

—  .08 
+3.11 

—  .89 
+1.10 

+3. 19 
+1.,50 
—5. 04 
—1.14 
—2.  53 

+2. 09 
+  .17 
+  .03 
+2. 93 
—4.02 

+  .01 
—1.  89 
+1.27 
-2.41 
+1. 04 


.19 
.29 
.00 
.24 
1.41 


—  .88 

—  .18 
+  .07 

—  .04 
—1.81 


f# 


r 


[203] 


CATALOGUE  OV  500  STARS, 


609 


for  the  epoch  1875.0 — Continued. 


ria- 
.0. 

a 
,0 

1 

s 

a 

Deoliuation, 

1875.0. 

i 

n  17 

H 

p. 2 

a  ^ 

0  D   ^      \ 

3g.i 

S  0  hi 

d-d 

rfl-' 

!zi 

o 
+  24 

Ot 

< 

Oh 

C 

361 

41 

17.62 

.21 

3 

+     0.2280 

.  00.57 

+  334H 

—       22 

.  0515 

:i(i2 

+  ia 

51 

03, 13 

,  25 

1 

+    6.8874 

.  0(HU 

+  :i.5,'-h5 

—       27 

— 

.0311 

•;«>:i 

+  57 

40 

32.43 

.40 

1 

+    7.1371 

.0103 

+  1455 

-       15 

— 

.01(15 

3(i4 

H-  27 

41 

54.00 

.09 

11 

+     7.3004 

.  0038 

+  3247 

—       21 

— 

.  0144 

3(i5 

+  51 

27 

51. 12 

.12 

7 

+     7.5105 

.  0033 

+  2024 

—       14 

+ 

.  1245 

300 

+  34 

11 

17.40 

.17 

3 

+     7.  .381 

.  00()8 

+  3001 

—      21 

. 

.  0043 

307 

IH 

13. 08 

.10 

0 

+     7.(W80 

.  0044 

+  4317 

—       f.2 

+ 

.  0008 

•3(irt 

+  43 

25 

38.  -,  3 

+     7.!KI-.'3 

+  2.52() 

—       17 

+ 

.  021 

:iO'j 

+  41) 

55 

!)(■>.  07 

".'ii 

8 

+     8.  17(10 

'".'(Vii'm' 

+  2122 

—       10 

-\- 

.  2175 

'370 

+  ,'>4 

40 

52.  85 

.35 

1 

+     8. 3070 

.017 

+   1783 

-       15 

+ 

.  100 

371 

+  2.-. 

23 

20. 27 

.10 

2 

+     8.3041 

.  00.57 

+  3209 

-       2.., 

+ 

.  00(i5 

:n-> 

+  10 

18 

30.31 

.  00 

25 

+     8. 4020 

.  0021 

+  3732 

-       41 

.  0081 

•373 

+  ,^7 

43 

08.  02 

.28 

1 

+     8. 477(i 

.0  00 

+   1515 

—       17 

_ 

.0017 

374 

+  44 

4i) 

35. 0(> 

.  12 

(■> 

+     8. 50(W 

.  0014 

+  2141 

—       18 

+ 

.(1308 

375 

+     B 

32 

22.-5 

.00 

27 

+     0.2151 

.  0020 

+  3811 

—      40 

+ 

.  3701 

•370 

+  40 

10 

.50.  i)2 

.41 

1 

+     8. 0377 

.  0132 

+  2(!47 

—      21 



.  0305 

•377 

+  47 

30 

34.  '.)5 

.21 

2 

+     0.1100 

.  0005 

+  225() 

—       18 

— 

.Olf'8 

378 

+  (11) 

.^(> 

58.  38 

.12 

« 

+    0.1772 

.0041 

—     215 

—       .50 

+ 

.(1271 

37'.) 

+     <i 

05 

45.  45 

.00 

24 

+     8. 7040 

.  (1021 

+  3783 

-       40 

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3.-'0 

+  as 

55 

51.48 

.(Ki 

22 

+     9.2170 

.0020 

—78715 

—56385 

+ 

0110 

3H1 

+  52 

00 

28.  04 

.13 

5 

+    9.4175 

.  0017 

+  1055 

-       17 



.02«1 

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+  50 

31 

02.  05 

.  .50 

+     0. 5130 

.015 

+  2()0(i 

—      18 

+ 

.  020 

i     3M3 

+  27 

24 

32. 8!) 

.24 

._» 

+     0.7185 

.  0(l(i7 

+  3110 

—      33 

.  (1004 

3f4 

+    0 

55 

35.  57 

.15 

4 

+     0.8854 

.  0004 

+  3081 

—      51 

+ 

.007(> 

•3^5 

+  3(! 

28 

21.23 

.  y2 

2 

+  10.3033 

.0007 

+  2733 

—       28 

+ 

.  0057 

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+  ei 

42 

01.00 

.20 

1 

+  10.8185 

.  007(i 

+  1100 

—       24 

+ 

.  0779 

3K7 

+  40 

21 

40.  84 

.12 

7 

+  10.7551 

.  0042 

+  2270 

*»«i 

+ 

.  0027 

3^,•^ 

—  12 

55 

.50.  43 

.07 

10 

+   10.8.577 

.  0025 

+  4(130 

-    77 

+ 

.  00(13 

3HU 

+  77 

20 

02.  43 

.10 

0 

+  11.0281 

.  0038 

—  2300 

—  220 

+ 

.  028.! 

300 

—  .'■)7 

07 

,50.  13 

.24 

2 

+  11.10,55 

.0100 

+  .5741 

—  212 

.  O'.KW 

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+  fil 

51 

30. 15 

.37 

1 

+  11.3101 

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+  11(50 

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+ 

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+  3!) 

51 

2(i.  82 

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12 

+  11.3333 

.  002(i 

+  2530 

—       28 

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3;t3 

—  H 

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11.05 

.11 

7 

+  11.4071 

.(1011 

+  4000 

—       80 

— 

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3!)4 

+  38 

01 

50. 23 

.11 

3 

+  11.(m83 

.  0070 

+  2,'.7(i 

—       30 

— 

.0541 

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+  3(i 

02 

18.  10 

.10 

.J 

+  11.8105 

.  0072 

+  2012 

—      32 

— 

.01180 

390 

+  10 

52 

47.17 

.0-1 

15 

+  11.0030 

.  0021 

+  3201 

—     5(; 



.0210 

3it7 

+  02 

31 

27.  40 

.12 

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-1-  12.0075 

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+  1138 

—       25 

— 

.0251 

•3>.trt 

+  42 

40 

(10.  02 

+  12.  1784 

+  2371 

—       28 

+ 

.073 

31K) 

+  72 

00 

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'.'if. 

4 

+   12.22.-|5 

".'(IO(UI 

—     290 

—      77 



.ih'.m; 

4U0 

H-  M 

Oi) 

41.(17 

*»._> 

w 

+   12.2700 

.OlKil 

+  3187 

—      ,% 

— 

.0.541 

401 

+  20 

4;. 

48.  44 

.27 

1 

+  12.3025 

.  0078 

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—      40 

„ 

.0188 

4llvi 

+  15 

28 

20.  30 

.10 

8 

+  12.4-118 

.  0042 

+  3138 

—       54 

+ 

.01)82 

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+  55 
+  41 

33 

,52. 7 1 

+  12.5i;,0 
+  12.0010 

+   1711 
+  2253 

•JO 

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4(M 

.'.() 

03.  07 

.(Hi 

"21' 

.  0020 

—      2"^ 

— 

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40,') 

+  14 

37 

37.87 

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+  12.(i075 

.  (1000 

+  3008 

—       54 

.0031 

: 


GIO 


UNiTi:i)  STATICS  NOIiTHKlJN  HOUNDAUY  COMMISSION. 


[i;n4j 


Catalogue  of  ">()(»  slats 


J 

s 

9 

S5 


4(l(> 
407 
■108 
♦.Id!) 
41(1 

411 

•41i 

4i:i 

•414 
415 

41(i 
*417 

•418 

419 

•420 

4*21 
42-2 

*42:i 
424 

•425 

42(i 
•427 

•428 

42y 
•4;io 

4:u 

4:12 

*4;):i 

*4:(4 

4:15 

4;«i 
4:»7 

4;!8 

*4:ti) 

44(1 

441 
•442 
•44:1 

444 
•445 

«44fi 

447 

•448 

•44'J 

4.-0 


Name, 


I 


7200  !  J-   ndpliini I  4 

7204  I  e     Cvulii I  :i 

72(Mi  !  lit  Delpliini I  5.  5 

7215    I  5 

7220';/     Ccpliei i  3.5 


72:!9  ;  /i     A(|iiiiiii 

7277     V    CvKiii 

72Sm  1 

;;t2o  j 

73:13  !  <-    Cjsiii 


7330     (il'  CvKiii 

(Fcil.3(>89) 

7345  I  (i3  Cygiii 

73(i8  I  C    Cygiii 

7377  ! 


7380 
7385 
7398 
7399 
7410 


7521 
()554 
7501 
750(1 
7571 


74  ('.VKiii  ■  ■ 
7(i  <;.vsm.. 
f  IVgasi  . 
79  Cvgui . . 

K  r.-g.iBi  . 


703(i    

7(i."i4  1  79  Di'iU'oiim 
7(!8t)  I  10  Ci-plifi  .. 
7079  ' . 


7(i8(< 


Ai|imrii 


4.5 

4 


0.5 
4 


r.  Kqniileii     

T  Cvgni 

"  tj«"i 

V  Cygiii 

G  L'cphoi 


7418  [  1    IVgnsi  

7448 

74.53  I  19  Cygiii 

7484    

7480  ;  71  Cygiii 

7478  I  ji    A()iiarii .. 

7493     ,f    Cfiihei 

7489    

7.505  I  72  Cygni 

7514     f    Acinurii 


7588  :  11  Crpliei 

7,595     ,.  Ci'i'.ioi 

7(i05     12  Ci'pliei 

7018  ,  /i  ('apricui'iii.   

7027  i  10  IVgiiHi    


4.5 

5 

4.5 

4.5 
3 

4 

(i 
(i.5 


3 
3 
t> 
5. 5 
5 

0 
0 
2.5 
<i 
4 

4.5 

4.5 

I) 


I  go 

'•■&S 


h,   m,     H. 

20  10  51.0 
41  (19.2 

41  37.0 

42  14.8 

42  44.7 

15  54. 0 
M  30.8 
,53  11.0 
.58  13.9 

21  00  23.  1 

01  17.8 
Ul  33.0 

02  17.9 

07  37. 0 

08  37. a 

81  09  34. 5 

09  48. 1 
12  30.  4 
12  40.  7 
15  35.  7 

10  18.4 

19  4(>.  9 

20  40.  0 

23  30.0 

24  50.  2 

24  .58.7 
27  02.  4 
27  1,5.5 

29  40.3 
31  05.  8 

31  50.4 

30  32.7 
38  02.  8 
3-*  1,5.4 
38  r>9. 1 

4(1  05.  1 

41  ,50.  »> 

43  44. 0 
40  28. 7 

47  22. 5 

48  54. 4 
51  18.7 
.57  27.5 
.57  3(;.  (i 
.'i9  21.- 


=  .2 

a  ^ 


«. 
+  2.783 
+  2.420 
+  2.975 
+  1.489 
+  1.230 

+  3.240 
+  2.234 

—  2. 504 
+  2. 323 
+  2. 180 

+  2.088 
+  1.402 
+  2.004 
+  2.  .550 
+  1..530 

+  3.001 
+  2.  391 
+  2.3.-)3 
+  2.403 
+   1.437 

+  2.774 

4-  2.000 

+  2.  145 

—  4.002 
+  2.209 

+  3.  1()4 

+  0.799 

+  2. 017 

+  2. 440 

+  3. 198 

+  2.  400 
+  2.40,r 
+  2.948 
+  2.  173 
+  2.711 

+  0.!!(),1 

+  1.730 

4  I.7ti0 

+  3.279 

+  2.727 

+  2.014 
+  0.731) 

+  (I.  ^^2 
+  2.4,58 
-i-  3.(Ih:1 


+ 


0 
3 
3 

—  4 

—  14 


—  8 

+  4 

—  3il9 
+  4 
+  4 

+ 


+ 


—  3 

+  4 

+  5 

+  5 


+  2 

+  5 

+  <i 

—  814 

+  ti 


+ 

+ 


+ 
+ 

+ 


34 
.5 

7 
8 

7 

8 
1 
4 


33 


+  ;i 

—  II 

+  5 

+  H 

—  4(> 

—  37 
+  10 

—  4 


All 


—  .30 
+  1.  32 

—  .02 
+  .(Hi 
+  .02 

— 1..-.(> 
+  .(t9 
+  .22 

—  .39 

—  .10 


.  53 
.29 
.15 
.  77 
.  09 


+  .07 

—  ..52 
+  .00 

—  .07 
+  .40 

+  .02 
—1.24 

+  .28 

+  .1^ 

+  .04 

+  .01 
+  .30 
+1.57 

—  .  39 

—  .92 

—  .51 

—  .18 

—  .  13 
—1.07 

—  .03 

+  .43 
+  .09 
+  .,52 

—  1.03 

—  .21 

+  .04 

+  .09 

+\'.h 

—  .01 


-1.40 
—2. 09 

—  .84 
+  1.39 
+  1.29 

—2.  33 
+  ." 
+  1.35 

—  .93 

—  .93 

—  .54 

+2. 10 
-2.  44 
—1.13 

+  .82 


—  .02 
—2. 08 
,13 

.88 
.58 


+2. 


—  3 

+ 
+ 


—  .45 
+  1.23 
+0.  10 

—  .00 
—1.83 

—1.02 

—3.  88 

—  ..".8 
—3.  ,50 
—2,  87 

+  1.05 
+  .b5 
+  1.40 
—3.  33 

—  ,51 


+2, 17 
+4.02 

—  .95 

+;i.(:o 
+  .01 


T 


(205) 


t'ATALOlilTK  OF  500  STARS. 


GU 


for  the  epoch  1875.(( — Coiitiiuiecl. 


^ 

.S- 

p  a 

g 

E 1^ 

'E  "^ 

g  > 

0 

u 

Uoclinnl 

ion, 

IH75.0. 

r 

S 

M  : 

rf',1 

(f'.l 

C 

a 
if, 

.a 
'S 

it 

< 

III 

(/(• 

(W 

S. 

I 

a 

400 

c 
+  V' 

/ 
40 

a'.t.  7H 

.la 

7 

+  ia.7:!7a 

.0044 

-1-  ;ioio 

—       .55 

.alio 

■107 

+  :a 

;!ii 

10.  44 

.00 

10 

+  i;t.-27:i!t 

.(io;i5 

-1-  a(i7 1 

—        Ill 

+ 

.iiodt 

■11 IH 

+    r- 

;t;) 

00.  5H 

.;i:i 

1 

+    l-.'.l"'0-,> 

.0O'-5 

+  ;i-.'.5ii 

—       (17 

.00-4 

M(il» 

•  +  -''T 

07 

54.11 

.;io 

I 

+  l'.'.HIil5 

.  00r7 

+   1.5rl 

—        L'l 



.villi 

41U 

+  (il 

ai 

i;i.  ;i!t 

.la 

4 

+  i;i.H,-iiii 

.  oo;!:i 

+   Hint 

—       '.'it 

+ 

.^1.5!t 

411 

—    it 

m 

(Ki.  r>4 

.10 

10 

+  i;i.a;i!t-,> 

.00411 

+  :!)H4 

—        HI 

_ 

.  (Mlili 

•11.! 

+  411 

41 

la.vio 

.la 

0 

+  i:t.(;'.'i5 

.0010 

+  aiiiH 

—     ;i4 

, 

.OlKi 

4i;i 

H-  fd 

04 

.5*;.  :!i 

.14 

4 

+  i:!.7a-J7 

.OOIH 

—  •J7-«.t 

-   :i7i 



.0:105 

•414 

+  ;w 

00 

.'■lO.oit 

.a4 

t> 

+  14.0041 

.OOilV' 

+  a:i54 

—     ;iH 

— 

.OlHKi 

4i:> 

+  4;i 

x> 

47.  DO 

.14 

•-' 

+  i4.ao;!7 

.11(111 

+  aiH4 

—     ;t;i 

— 

.00011 

4l.i 

+  :u» 

OH 

OH.  47 

.07 

17 

+    I7.4HHO 

.  OO-.'H 

+  'JOOl 

—     r»7 

+  : 

.  aa7(i 

•417 

+  47 

45 

:11.!I7 

+  M.a(ii7 
+  Il.::(i(iii 

4-  IIIKI 

+  ao45 

—     a:i 

015 

•4IH 

OH 

4H.  05 

".'a;V 

*J 

.11(157 

—     liii 



;  01.54 

41.1 

4-  at) 

4a 

.54.  aa 

.07 

IH 

+  I4.57u5 

.OOHJ 

+  a  177 

—      411 



.0117:1 

•4au 

+  «) 

a8 

aa.7i 

.ait 

1 

4-  14.(>!l.'.0 

.  l.07it 

+  1451 

—     ail 

- 

.  OOHM 

4-.' I 

+     4 

4:1 

,55.  HI 

.14 

4 

+  14.(!7:t-j 

.11114s 

+  aito;> 

—       7li 



.oH7a 

4-.'-> 

+  :i7 

;io 

45.  4H 

.14 

4 

+  i.-..ao7o 

.0044 

-j-  a.ioH 

—        Hi 

+ 

.  4;i:ia 

*fj;! 

+  ;is 

5-2 

17.  47 

.i:t 

5 

+  I4.!t;iii 

.1101:! 

+  yaaii 

—      41 

.0017 

4-.'4 

+  :!4 

at! 

•j-j.  •,i;i 

.  an 

1 

+  M.oaini 

.110(1(1 

+  •-';!;  10 

—       45 

_ 

.OlK-< 

*4-,'r) 

+  (W 

o") 

•.>;t.  00 

.07 

ai 

+  1.5. 15:17 

.  oo-ja 

+  i;t;!4 

—     ai 

+ 

.OIIH 

4-.'ii 

+  111 

10 

14.  ;!7 

.la 

1) 

+  1.5.  •joint 

.0040 

+  a.5ii;i 

^\•2 

+ 

.0511 

•4-J7 

+  r.l 

07 

11.7(i 

.an 

1 

+  i.->.:ii(i4 

.0101 

+  1^1(1 

—     :jii 

.o:t:i7 

»4i-i 

■  u  ;i(i 

07 

4i.a:i 

.  a.5 

1 

+  1.5.  ;i7.'iM 

.  00(17 

+  a.'ao 

—     •(.*» 

— 

.oa4(i 

4-!SI 

-r  '^ll 

4:i 

44.  a4 

.;!(! 

1 

+  15..'i.5!l'.' 

.0111 

—  4J1'1I 

—     1147 

+ 

.0017 

•4;tu 

+  ■'■• 

5y 

a4.  aii 

.10 

:t 

+  1.5.  7ail4 

.IHW 

+  ISI.Mi 

—     ;iii 

+ 

.  OilHI 

4:!l 

—    fi 

07 

la.  05 

.mi 

a4 

+  i.5.(i-,-r. 

.OIf,'-l 

+  a-ji! 

—    oa 

, 

.01(15 

4:w 

+  70 

00 

•Cl.  HI 

.07 

ai 

+   15.7  1(14 

.  ooaa 

+     (155 

-       117 

-- 

.  0047 

•4;i;i 

+  r.-J 

04 

oil.  r>!i 

+  l,5.Hl;;il 

+  174(1 

—     lilt 

+ 

.051 

*4:i4 

+  :i" 

5H 

a7.  :i5 

".■it 

"  5 

+  15.!l7(lit 

".'0044' 

+  aiKi 

—       40 

+ 

.  1IH44 

4  5 

—      H 

a4 

49.  :!0 

.10 

<i 

4-  i5.ii:i:io 

.0041 

+  a7.5s 

—     llli 

.  o;i5;i 

4;i(; 

+  :i'.i 

51 

(10.  77 

.  a  4 

.J 

+   111.0117 

.  00.51 1 

+  •-'Olllt 

—       44 



.OIUCJ 

4:17 

+  411 

14 

i(;.!ia 

.;i;i 

I 

+   1(1.  1(104 

.00H4 

+  11 1.-7 

—       45 

— 

.o.-a-i 

i;!s 

+    i' 

IH 

10. 14 

.07 

lit 

+  1(1.  ;ia:ii 

.  IKIiil 

+  a4'j- 

—       7H 

— 

.00,58 

*!:!!• 

+  :i7 

4-J 

4  a.  (!(> 

.  Tio 

+  111.  11075 

.  Oil) 

+  aovM 

-       51 

„. 

.  o:ta 

4411 

+  •,'-. 

04 

1(1.  ;i7 

.10 

;t 

-i-  i(i.:i(i.'.7 

.  0054 

4-  'j'ji-j 

—    oa 

_ 

.0107 

441 

+    '!• 

44 

10.05 

.la 

,; 

+  1(1.  .5-.>H:i 

.  01).5'.> 

+     70!t 

—     :i.5 

+ 

.  00115 

•44.J 

+  m 

;ta 

:iit.  77 

.11 

H 

+  1(1.  .50.-0 

.lllttl 

+   111.511 

—     ail 

.0115 

•44:1 

4-  (ill 

ik; 

41..  04 

.;io 

1 

+  1(1.(1117 

.  0071t 

+  i;:74 

—     -jii 



.  0010 

414 

—  14 

OH 

ai.o;! 

.11 

8 

+  Ki.  74117 

.0040 

+  a.57ii 

-      107 

— 

.oo-,>:t 

•445 

+  ■-'•'• 

'JO 

i."..7a 

.OH 

Hi 

+  K1.77(lit 

.  00  111 

+  aioj 

—       (14 

.  oi-.n 

*4ir> 

+  -..-, 

;i7 

a5. 5a 

.34 

.> 

+  Ki.  Hcmi 

.n'Mii! 

+  151H 

—       Ill 

+ 

.0017 

447 

+  7:! 

o(; 

;i;i.>.ii 

.la 

ti 

+  17.00(11 

.00(11 

4-     .505 

—       41 

+ 

.iciia 

•44r* 

+  7^ 

:!5 

00.  Ki 

.Ki 

4 

+  17.(17-11 

.  0050 

4-     .5118 

—     :i5 

.  1705 

*44!» 

+  4'2 

—     0 

I  a 

4a.  70 

+  17.ait50 

+  17  IH 
+  a  1-5 

—      4It 

+ 

.  ii:!;i 

■IM 

55 

It  1.  (lit 

".'(Vi 

OS 

+  17.  :!a.57 

.ooao 

—    i>a 

.OKill 

n 


k 


612 


UNITED  STATES  NORTHERN  HOUNDAIIY  COMMISSION. 


[200] 


Catalogue  of  500  stars 


451 
'152 
45;j 
454 
455 

•45t; 
•457 

45rt 
"459 

4(i() 

•401 
463 

*4C:{ 
4(J4 
4«5 

4(>G 

407 

4G8 

•4()'J 

•470 


7(i89 
7(i!hJ 
"7(l(') 

77;i;i 

7749 

7755 
77(i5 
777:1 

7r«7 

7795 

7800 
7814 
7820 
784:i 

7848 

7855 

78ti8 
7881 
788-' 
7907 


471  7908 

472  792:1 
•47:!  I  7945 

474  7958 
•4-5  '  7U(i2 


47(> 
477 

478 

479 

•480 


7907 
7970 
7992 
8023 
8024 


481  80:12 


482 
*48:i 

•484 
•485 

486 
•487 

488 
•489 

490 

491 

492 

49:1 

494 

•495 


80:14 
80:16 
8059 
808:i 

8124 

8128 
8177 
82011 
8224 

8229 
H2:i:i 
82:18 
82:17 
827:i 


Nikini^ 


I'  Pi'^insi 

a  (ililiH 

(  IVKiiNi   .... 

28  lV(ja»i  .... 

,'  Copbei 


?.    Copliei  . 


0    Aiiuarii 
y    Aquarii 


2     Liiccrtic 

-   Ai|!iaiii 

4       LutlTtiD 

:18  IVjjiwi 

A'   C'upbui 


r.    LnccrtiB. 
ri    Arjaiirii.. 


C    Pi'gasi  .. 
I)     Pcjjasi   . . 

?.   rcjjiiNi  . . 

/i     rcfjasi  .. 
14  Latuitiu. 


Ccplici 

Aquarii 

PJKcis  AiiHtraliB . 
Aiuliniiiediu  . ... 


Pcjjasi 

Pcfjasi 

AiHlroniediD 
.\udronie(liD 


n     CV'pIlci 

10  AiKliomedie 

0  Piscinm  ... . 

72  Pi'gasi 

?.    Andromt'ila) 

1  Anironiodaj 

(  PlHciiiin 

y  Ccpliei 

K  AiidromcdiD 


2 
4 
6 
4 

5. 5 

5 
4.5 

6 

3 


6 
4.5 


4 
4 

5.5 

t; 

6 


:i 
3 

4.5 
4 

6 

4 
4 
1 
4 
C.5 

2 

a 

5.5 
6 
6 

5.5 
6 


'1.5 

4 

4.5 

:i 
4.5 


.5 'in 

"-•5.= 

< 


h,   m.    «. 

21  .V.I  22.5 

22  00  20. 7 
01  11.6 
04  35.8 
00  ;)1.2 

07  16.3 

08  :!0.9 
10  14.2 
13  48.  4 
15  12.0 

15  52. 0 

18  rtX  6 

19  27. 0 
24  18.9 
24  31.9 

26  08. 6 
28  50.0 
:!0  04. 4 
:iO  42. 0 
:i4  31.9 

35  i:i.6 

:i7  08.7 

40  :«).  6 

4:1  58.  :i 

44  4:1.7 

45  14.0 

46  05. 5 
50  44. 3 
50  10.4 

56  14.0 

57  43. 1 

58  32. 1 
58  :i4. 5 

23  02  01. 9 
07  10.  S 

13  30. 1 
13  55. 7 

21  :i7.<; 

27  45. 1 

:ii  27. 1 

23  32  00. 6 
:13  31.4 

:i4  i:t.8 

:14  15.4 

41  ,56.6 


X 


1§ 


+  :i.028 


:i.  810 

2.789 
2.  8:12 
2. 07:1 


+  2.0:i6 
+  2.  .'•168 

+  :i.i70 

+  2.310 
4-  3. 102 


•+  8. 468 
+  :i.065 
+  2.419 
4-  2.7:i8 
+  2. 215 

+  2. 459 
+  :t.084 
+  1.082 
+  2. '179 
+  1 


.:ioi 


+  -l 

-t  a. 


988 
804 

883 

094 


+  2. 119 
+  :1.131 

+  :i.:i27 

+  2. 747 
+  2. 519 

+  2. 904 
+  2.984 
+  2.676 
+  2. 708 
+  2.  801 

4-  2.4:18 
+  2.842 
+  :i.041 
+  2.903 
+  2.917 

+  2.923 
+  :i.085 
4-  2.  405 

4-  2.9:17 

4-  2.823 


</=, 

((l-l 

9, 

— 

46 

:: 

6 

5 

4- 

11 

4- 

11 

+ 

11 

8 

+ 

14 

4 

+ 

14 

:t 

4- 

15 

4- 

11 

4- 

17 

+ 

17 



:ii 

4- 

IT 

18 

+ 

2 

4- 

11 

4- 

8 

4- 

9 

4- 

17 

4- 

22 

6 



21 

+ 

19 

4- 

20 

+ 

12 

4- 

.) 

4- 

2:1 

4- 

24 

+ 

37 

4- 

41 

4- 

21 

4- 

3 

4- 

10 

+ 

28 

4- 

25 

+ 

73 

4- 

26 

4- 

60 

^<l 

- 

/ 

— 

'13 

4- 

11 

4- 

:io 

f 

01 

_- 

14 

4- 

40 

4- 

78 

— 

02 



:w 



47 



51 



22 

4- 

50 

4- 

05 

.17 

+ 

.,59 

07 

+ 

.76 

00 

— 

.:«) 

— 

.11 

— 

.03 

4- 

.18 

4- 

.20 

.  99 

— 

.28 



.64 

— 

.10 



.58 

— 

.23 



.22 

4- 

.01 

00 

4-1 

.61 

.  45 

— 1 

.64 

— 

.21 

4- 

.■»2 

4- 

.20 

,19 

+ 

,42 

+ 

,47 

.2:1 

A/,' 


—  ,82 

—  1.22 
—1,41 
-1,,".9 

—  .6:1 

00 
4-1.4'! 

— I.:i8 

4-2.  fi) 
4-  .68 

—  .92 

—  .70 

—  .74 

—  .  -9 
4-2.01 

4-  ,.55 
4-1.28 

4-  .11 

4-1,40 

4-:i.eo 

4-1,03 

—  1.18 

—  .08 
4-  ,07 

—  ,52 

4-  .80 
—1.73 
4-  .92 
—2. 04 
—1.31 

—1.47 
-1.81 

4-  ,13 

4-  ,01 
4-  .09 

4-:i,  02 

—  1.05 

— :i.  0:1 

—  ,5;i 

00 

—  1.70 
4-1,18 
4-1,15 

—  ,41 

— i.:i8 


[207] 


CATALOCJUE  OF  500  STARS. 


G13 


for  the  epoch  1875.0— Continued. 


S 

B 

a 


4r>i 

452 

45:1 
4r>4 

455 

•45(1 
•457 

458 
•459 

460 

•401 
4G2 

•4(>3 
4(J4 
465 

466 

467 

46H 

•469 

•470 

471 
473 

•47;t 
474 

•475 

470 

477 
478 
479 

•480 


481 

48i4 
•483 
•■184 
•185 

486 

•■187 
488 

*4^9 
490 

491 
492 
49:t 
494 
•495 


Declination,  1875.0. 


+    4 

—  47 

+  24 
+  20 
+  57 

+  58 

+  ao 

—  H 
+  52 

—  2 

+  45 

+  0 
+  48 
+  31 
+  57 


26    54.27 
:i;l    54.17 

06.  85 
51.76 


44 


lib    07.92 


47 
05 
24 
01 
00 

54 
44 

50 
.50 
46 


53. 44 
43. 24 
17.80 
49.94 
59.24 

26. 93 
37.  ()4 
34. 36 
00. 28 
33. 16 


+  49  38  2,5.05 

—  00  45  40.21 
+  75  34  50. 49 
+  49  25  26. 62 
+  74  43  19. 24 

+  10  10  45.77 

+  29  34  04. 43 

+  22  .54  29.73 

+  23  r>0  31.11 

+  41  17  31. 12 

+  05  32  35. 59 

—  8  14  39.10 

—  30  17  03. 08 
+  41  39  15.78 
+  56  26  02.61 

+  27  24  18.34 

+  14  31  59.01 

+  49  22  22.11 

+  48  3(i  54.62 

+  50  28  41.71 

+  67  25  40.20 

+  41  23  38.04 

+  5  41  33.03 

+  30  38  07.60 

+  45  46  51.87 

+  42  34  31.20 

+  4  .5ti  ,56.19 

+  70  56  01. 87 

+  43  38  :M.  17 

+  67  06  44. 10 


•§"0 


.24 
.22 
.13 
.  25 
.10 

.25 
.20 

.08 


J3 


2 
2 
6 
1 
9 

1 

2 

15 


.09 

12 

.20 

1 

.12 

6 

.80 

1 

.18 

3 

.15 

4 

.11 

8 

.07 

17 

.16 

4 

.33 

1 

.07 

18 

.11 

7 

.12 

6 

.12 

6 

.30 

1 

.10 

9 

.09 

11 

.12 

7 

.12 

6 

.33 

1 

.12 

7 

.06 

84 

.18 

3 

.  25 

1 

.22 

2 

.12 

6 

.80 

1 

.12 

6 

.25 

1 

.  19 

3 

.13 

6 

.07 

19 

.07 

21 

.85 

2 

.16 

4 

a  . 
a  a 
o  2 


+  17.4299 

+  17.2104 

+  17.42.53 

+  17.53!>2 

+  17.0493 

+  17.04,58 
+  17.7108 
+  17,7731 
+  17.9.577 
+  18.0006 

+  18.0002 

+  l".  1296 

+  1  .1255 

+  18.3128 

+  1H,3424 

+  18.40,>5 
+  18.4345 
+  1H..5212 
+  lH..5(i90 
+  18,7108 

+  18.08.52 

+  18.7101 

+  18.83,52 

+  18,9105 

+  18.9721 

+  1.-^.  8035 

+  19.0.51)1 

+  IH.  1)740 

+  19.2431 

+  19.2038 

+  19.4400 
+  19.2872 
+  19.4H80 
+  19.  .5354 
+  19.7947 

+  19.0001 
+  11I.(m09 
+  19.7175 
+  19.8347 
+  19.4089 

+  19.  >*999 
-)-  19.4773 
+  20.0711 
+  19.9077 
+  19.9722 


5g  B 

■=  0  2 

£  o'C 


.0070 
.  0094 
.0013 
.  0(.70 
,  0032 

.  0072 
.0(1,59 
.  0035 


.  003(; 

.0071 
,  00 10 
,  0059 
,  (l(Xi9 
.0040 

,  (1035 
.II03() 
.0061 


.0111 

.  0031 
.0012 
.0040 
.  00 13 
.  007(i 

.  0031 
.  0037 

.  oo:>7 

.  0043 
.0134 

.  0038 
,  0022 
.  0053 
.  0002 
.0076 

.  0044 

.  (1007 
.  0039 
.  0000 
.  0047 

.  0050 
.  0029 
.  00  i2 
.  0000 
.0051 


(if 


(Pi] 


+  81.50 
+  2703 
+  19.55 
+  1916 
+  1361 

+  1330 
+  1072 
+  2(159 
+  1120 
+  1925 

+  1501 

+  IKU 

+  1423 

+  1,542 

+  1229 

+  13,57 

+  io(;3 

+  523 
+  1294 
+  .592 

+  1197 

+  1300 

+  1347 

+  1294 

+  1185 

H-  903 
+  1364 
+  1371 
+  1019 
+  926 

+  1001 

+  1071 

+  0.59 

+  909 

+  919 

+  636 

+  742 

+  6,52 

+  5-."» 

+  440 

+  i.n 

+  437    — 

+  304 

+  395 

+  238  I   - 


—  87 

—  169 

—  69 

—  73 

—  34 

—  33 

—  ,5(i 

—  102 

—  43 

—  96 

—  51 


o 
u  a 


+  ,  0898 

—  .  0282 
+  .  00.59 

—  . 0259 
+  .  0037 


+ 
+ 


.0310 
.0112 

.  0248 

.(»18 

.0128 


—  .0192 


— 

93 



.  00.16 

— 

48 

-- 

.  0294 

— 

09 

— 

.0189 

— 

39 

+ 

.  0031 

— 

51 

+ 

.  0005 

— 

90 

.(1.572 

— 

31 

— 

.0089 

— 

52 

+ 

.018 

— 

2(i 

+ 

.041 



89 

_ 

.0127 

— 

74 

— 

.  0478 

— 

80 

— 

.  0248 

— 

81 

— 

.  0.503 

— 

66 

— 

.  0102 



35 



.  1330 

— 

103 

+ 

.  0357 

— 

123 

.1708 

— 

70 

— 

.0381 

— 

55 

— 

.  0191 



83 

_ 

.  1283 

— 

90 

— 

.0501 

— 

60 

+ 

.  1503 

— 

68 

+ 

.1181 

— 

79 

+ 

.2689 



51 

+ 

.  0172 

— 

78 

+ 

.  00U5 

— 

9(i 

.  0.503 

— 

89 

— 

.0213 

— 

85 

— 

.  4300 



80 

_ 

.00.50 

— 

102 

— 

4132 

— 

49 

+ 

.1135 

— 

87 

.  0201 

— 

78 

— 

.0198 

■m 


i 


•xW 


614 


UNITED  8TATK8  NOUTFIKRN  BOUNDAIfV  COMMISSION.         fJOS] 


Cutnlogiw  of  5(K»  nturn 


3 

a 

l?  = 

k. 

a 

•a 

■=H' 

n   - 

>  a 

J 

«| 

NuniK. 

a 

u^  2" 

*«  9 

lit' 

.ill 

■'/'' 

3 

a 

< 

Si 

ft 

0  •' 

a 

/i.  III.    «, 

H, 

ft. 

a 

// 

•IDH 

Ktl4 

ii 

2:1  IH  .1(1.  ;i 

+  'J.  HiJO 

+ 

HH 

—  .','.') 

—  .70 

'V.rt 

«W4 

V'    I'l'Kiwi  

5.  :> 

.11  «i.,''. 

4-  ;i.(i47 

-1- 

Ut 

—  ,()(i 

—  .  Ill 

■1118 

HlCtl 

u    I'incimii    

■\.:< 

M  .'■ill.  li 

+  ;i.07H 

+ 

:, 

—  .'^7 

— l.'.'li 

*I1H> 

HIUI 

it 

.V>  I'l.O 

+  :i.oai 

+ 

iVJ 

+  .:17 

+  l..''i!l 

'fiUO 

h:i(J« 

r> 

fiS  :m.  4 

+  :t.otii 

+ 

r.4 

—  .l(i 

+  .'.Kl 

[-<'ft|  CATALOCiUK  OF  WK)  STAIfS. 

for  the  i-poch  1875.0— Contiiiiiod. 


616 


b 

r    ' 

B     , 

fci 

a 

i 

a 

Dfcllnntioii,  IhT.'.d. 

k 

r 

i 

5,^ 

la- 

Probable  err 
of  annual  v 
rial  inn. 

((I- 

<ti> 

.2 

b   3 

MOO 

0         '               " 

+  <:i    1'.'    i";i.(!| 

.i:i 

-> 

+  vo.naii 

+     117 

—         HO 

// 
—      0(100 

•m 

+  a4    ilti    47.71 

.I.''. 

4 

+  11».!KI00 

.  (ID.M 

+       HI 

—      iW 

—     .  (M 10 

41W 

+     ((     10     10.17 

.OH 

10 

+  l!i.i»;iO() 

.  oo;iy 

+     ri:t 

—     101 

—     .IIK! 

•4'.)il 

+  (id   :ii    x<.  K") 

.  y.'. 

1 

4-  yo.oaiK) 

.  (1077 

+      !■. 

—     'j."> 

—     .O'JOl 

•.",(10 

+  00  ;t7   04.;t4 

.47 

+  ao.().->i»i» 

.010 

—       (iO 

—     ii'.t 

4-    .  (I0(' 

ll 


SPECIAL  INDEX  10  APPENDIX  H. 


T' 


n 


Page. 

Ano  Cntaloguo 5,0,7, 15,21,  Td,  103 

Airy,  Sir  G.  B.  (See  Cninb!iilj;i>  mid  Grorii- 

wifh) ....17,-,'l,2;!,','l,'-'5,:r>,3(> 

Amkihcan  EPlIEMKniS fi,  8, 1) 

ArritoxiMATK  posit  ioim  of  stars 1) 

AiuiF.LANDKR  (Scc  Alio,  Boun,oti'.) 4,ii8,  i-4l 

AiiMAOii 17,:!1),  ii;i 

AssiMKi)  POSITIONS  for  1875.0 9 

AsTiioxoMiCAi,  i*i)C.  Cat 20,  "ill 

ArTiioisrriKS,  Kminu'ratiou  of 11 

— , NomciKliitnro  of II 

— .SeltH-ti.mof 14 

ArWEiis,  Artniuii r>, 21, 22, 28,  ;!;l, 71, 78, 81 

Backiiuyzen,  Vax  df,  Sakdk. :!('i 

Baii.y  . .  () 

Bf.iii.ix  JA.'iiinrcn 4',! 

Hkssfi.  (Sec  Kim.  Bcoli.,  Fund.  Astr.,  I'tc.)..  5 

Iti:.ssi:i.'.s IMM'IIACTIONS (>'(i'  IJcfriictions) . .  .21, 22, 07 

Bi.A(  Kin:.vTH 0, 17, 21, 90 

Boxx  IlKon. 

— ,V(d.  VI 18,4r!,  ll;i 

— ,Vol.  VII 4 

BiiAiii.KY.     (S<'()  Fund.  Ast.) 

BUIXKI.KY  5 

Bitrnsn  A.-ss.  Cat 27 

Bliliix.s,  C.  (Siv  l.>Mi)zig) 0,10,2i 

BliissKLS  OliM 17,42,  i:!0,i;!r.,  141 

lirscii.     (.<ir  Kdu.  Bi-oli.) 

Cai-I.kt's  rofriU'tioiis 41 

CAMr.mnr.K  ( )l>s ir>,  IC,  18, 2;!,  79, 107, 1 12,  l:U 

Cai'K  of  Hook  IIoi'k  Olia. : 

,  Fiillows,  18;!1 17, -'2  1(1.. 

,  ll.ndi'i-sou,  lH:t:t 1.-., 22, 79,  IDo 

.Stono,  I8ti0 10,  111,  42,81,  llilt 

Ca  lAI.O'lfF,  \Vu  08 (i2 

—  final,  of  nOO  »tar8 . .       Idi! 

CiiAi-l.is.    (See  Caiul)ridj;o.) 

CiirtiSTin,  W.  M ..        H.'i 

Contf.x  r.s 7 


Page, 

ComitCTlOxs,  prolirainai-y 19 

—  to  assumed  doclinations: 

I'irst  approximation  (Table  III) 82 

JSi'L'ond  approximation  (Taldo  V) 91 

First,  iipjiroximation  fur   stars  — liO'^  to 

— 90- (Talili' VII) 93 

—  Systemaiic,  'I'alili  .<  of: 

Fii'st  ap|)roxiii  !<ion  (Taldo  II)  70 

For  Fund.  Astr.,  liiial 89,90 

Tables  IX  and  X 154 

TiibloXlI 108 

liiTapitvlationof 17:i 

ConniXTiox,  Probable  eoimuon,  to  norllieru 

bomulaiy  Held  eatalo^ue  (.seetion  X) 109 

CrnvKS.     (^(.:  grapliie  I'lirvos.) 


D'AOF.LF.T.     (.Sir  Gould.) 

Davis,  Al>MniAi.,C.  U 

I>F.rixiTivi;  eorrei-tioii.s.     (Sec CoiTectioim.) 
DlscoUD.vxci;  of  relleetion  obs.     (See  rcllec- 

tiou  4)bs. ) 
Pi  VISION  FiMioU: 

Cape  eirele 

F.diuburjjh  eirele  . 


23 

28 

Greemvieh  transit  eirelo 3-1, 35 

Wasbin^tou,  .Mural  eirolo 

Wasbiii^tou,  Transit  eirelo 

Paris,  Mural  eirelo 

lA'ideu,  Transit  eirelo 


!!•  -r.EN. 


I  Diji.iiTM;,  PiioF.  C.  Ii  . 

.'  iKPAT  Obs 

1'   ni.KV  OnsFKV.vroKV . 


40 
44 
41 
44 
14,21 


,15,17,20,21,78,101 
3,4,.-. 


F.ASTM AX,  Professor  (.sV«\Va.sliiii^lon  0  . .).-     5, 10 
KniNluiMil  Obs. . . .  15, 18, 27, 28, 33,79, 109, 110, 107 


— ,  8peeial  distiissiou  of  Fli  4:t 

— ,  Speeial  tab.e  o(  eorreelious  to  Fli  43 
Ki.i.FUV,  li.  L.  .1.     (.'•Ve  Slelliouriie.) 
F,X(1I.i:maxn.     (Sir  Leipzi({.) 


23 
32 


.1. 


017 


618 


SPECIAL  INDEX  TO  Al'1'ENDIX  H. 


[212] 


KPUEJiRnis.    {See Am.  Eph.  Naut.  Aliu.  etc.) 
Explanation  of  tables 

Fallows.    (See  Capo  of  Good  Hope  01)s.) 


PflgO. 


170 


Fa\t: 


:ii!,!i» 


FlCATUKIiSTONIIAUGH,  T.  K 5 

I'l.EXUUK,  Caiuljiiilgo 21 

-•Can."     « 

— ,  Greouwich lio 

— ,  MelliouriH) A'-i 

— ,  K-itlclillo ;iU 

—  Paris 41,12 

— ,  rmilUowa 79,113 

— ,  \VasliiiiK(<)ii  Transit  circle 41,r;0,!>l 

Fundamknta  AsTitONOMl.i; 5,  (i,  17, 20,  ao,  82 

— ,  ilisciission  of  syst.  corr 82 

— ,<leliiiilive  tables  of  syst.  eorr 89,90 

GiLUS.    (.SV(!  Washiiigtou  auil  Santiago.) 

GoULi>,Dr.  B.  A ,'i,9, 19,81 

GitAPiiic  C'ritVKS,  reumrks  on 91 

GHKKXWK-H  OliSKUVATIOXS ;!;i 

— ,  Itradli'y  {See  Fund.  Astr.). 

— ,I'ond ii,  15, 17,21,22,78,101,101 

— ,  Twelve-year  ( 1840 and  184.''>) . . .  m,  IM;  79,  111,  117 

— ,  Six-year  ( IH.'O) 10,  :M,  81, 12:i 

— ,  lirst  Scveu-ye.ar  (18(iO) 10,:M,8l,  i:i2 

— ,  New  Seven-year  ( 18U4) 10, 114  81,  i;i9 

— .reeent  annual  re.sults I(i,;i4,81,  .44,1.')0 

— .recent,. special  reumrlis  on H4,81, 144 

(liiooMHiiiDiiK.     {See  ltla<  klieatli.) 

Gyldk.n,  Iluoo.     {Sec  roulkowa)  -.43,  Hi:!,  i;!7, 148 

Hall,  Professor  {See  Washington  Obs. ) 10,40 

Hahkne.ss,  Profi'ssor  (.Vet  Washington  Obs.).  .") 

lIiiNDr.RSox.     (.S«'  Capo  of  Gooil  Hope  and 

Fdinlmrgh.) 
''ILL,G.  W 10 


Pago. 
La.mont.    (.SV'<!  Munich  Obs.) 

LAUiiir.ii  (.Sec  Paris  Obs.) C,  1(> 

Lkidkx  Obs 7, 10, 411,81,147 

LlciPZloObs 18,43,140 

LlTruow.    (.S'oc  Vienna.) 
LuTUEn.    (i'eoKJiu.  Ucob.) 

Madleu ,5 

MADliAsObs 18, 2(>,  104, 100) 

Maix,I!i;v.  lionEitT.    (.SVcRaddille.; 

JlAitrii,  A 33 

MKLnonixK  01)s 7, 10, 10, 18, 42, 81, 137, 148 

— ,  coniimrison  with  Wii  08 00 

M(),ST.4.    {See  Santiago). 

Munich  Obs 17,23,108 

Nautical  Almanac,  Urit 23, 2(i,  27, 42 

Newcomb,  Prof.  S.  (.9cc  Washington  Obs.). 4, 9,21, 

3.^41,44 
14 
71 
45 


I  NoME.\ci..\TlRE  of  authorities    

i  Normal  SY.sTEM,  til's!  approximation  to.. 

!  Notation'  in  discu.  «inn  of  Wn  (18 

I  Nou:i.SE,  Professor 

NuTATlox,  values  of 

Nyren,  Vr.  Magnus 


19 
20 


Oi.urSEX.     (.Sec  Greenwicli,  Pond.) 
OiJM,F.  A 


.18,113 


Ivoi,    s  refractions 

Jorix.soN.     (.S'er;  St.  Helena.) 

Kaiser.     {See  Leiden.) 
KoxiGSiiEiiO  lioob. 

Jle8scl,1821  

Uessol  and  Huseli,  lB:i8.. 

Dessel  and  Luther,  1S43. 


.0,14,21,78,100 

1.-).  79, 110 

...15,33,79,115 


Lalaxde 18 

LATrrriiK.of  Cambridge '5, 2l> 

— ,  of  Filinburgh 31 

— ,of  (Irei'nwich 30 

— ,of  Kadclims 39 

— ,  of  Washington 40, 41, 59 

— ,  secular  variation  of 20, 37, 00 


Palermo,  eafaloguo 0, 17,21,97,104 

Paris  Observations 17, 18,41, 128,  i:!5, 140, 142 

— ,  Langier's catalogue 10,41,81, 125 

Peters,  Dr.  C.  A.  F.  (See  Po,;!i  owa) 10, 19 

PlA/zi.     (Sec  Palermo.) 

I'oxi).     (.Sec  Greenwich.) 

Po-SITIOXES  MED.,  Slriive.     (.Sir  Oorpat.) 

Poi:lkowa  Observations 18, 19, 1(>7 

— ,  catalogue  for  1845 15, 39, 79, 118 

Precession  terms,  computation  of 10, 13 

— ,  formula) 11,13 

— ,  coelllcients 11 

— ,  (if  stars  within  lOi^  of  polo 14 

PROli.viil.E      ERROR,    frequently     diseussed 

throughout  the  work 

Proper  motio.n,  fre(|ucnt  allusions  to 

— ,  inllueneeou  jireeession 10,11 

— ,  values  of,  in  declination     (.sVccatalogue.) 

(^UETELET     (.Vie  UrnsselsObs.)  i 

Padcliiir  Obs. : 

tor  1(^15 1.5,21,37,79,120 

for  1845,  special  comparison  with  Kb  45 

and  Pa  45 79 

for  1800 18,37,134 


T 


[213] 


SPECIAL  IJifDKX  TO  APPENDIX  H. 


619 


Pnge. 

KADcuKrK  01)8.— Colli  iuned. 

iiiimial  icsiills 1(5,37,81,145,151 

8ppci:il  tiildo  of  corrections 37 

ii'Diaiks  111! 3D 

Eefi.f.citiox  ()bsi;uvATiox8 : 

at  C'liiiiliiiiiKO    24,25 

at  Orcciiwioli 35 

at  Kadclir.c 39 

al  W'asliiiiKtou 41,50,54 

Kefraction-  . . ..22, 27, 34, 37, 41, 42, 43, 59, Oli, l>8, 83 

EoBlxso.v.    (.Sec  Aniia};h.) 

Saint  IIki.fna,  catal(it;ii.> 15,22,78,105 

Saffoi!i>,  I'lol'.  T.  II 0 

Sands,  Ailmiral  U.  V 5 

Santiago  Ohs.,  (iilli.H,  1851 17,41,124 

— ,  Miista,  1855    10,41,81, 12(i 

Smyth,  Prof.  I'iazzi.    (.Vcc K<linlniij;li  Obs.) 

Staks,  .ScliM'tiou  of,  (o  Conn  catalo^uo 8 

Stonk,  K.  .1.     (Si'i:  Gii'cinvich  and  Capo   of 

Good  Hoi...) 34,42,43,00 

Stulve,  O.     (Sec  PoiiUi'iwa.) 
STItUVE,  W.     (.SVcDir-.at.) 
Systematic  Co'ipec ti<(Ns  iu  declination  : 

— ,  .Special  tabic  joi- lOli  43 32 

— , Wn  08 01 

— , Wn08and  Mc  OH 08 

— ,  Table  II,  first  approximation 70 

— ,  dcliuilivo  (U'tcmiinatioii  of 93-l('.9 

— ,  depending;  on  A.  K.,  rcinarliH  on 94,90 

— ,  to  declinations  from— 30°  to— 9(P 94 

— ,  Tabic  VI,  preliminary 1' 

— ,deliniliv<',TablcIX,  order  of  declination..       1... 

— ,  — ,  Tabic  X,  order  of  A.  R 159 

,  Tabic  XII 108 

— ,  recapitulation  of 173 


TAYton,  T.  O.    (.Sec  Madras.) 
Vienna  Obs 


Pnge. 
.17,21,102 


02 
00 
44 

no 

.52 
.54 
59 
00 
4(i 
45 
48 


Washington  Oiiseiivations 7, 9, 08, 81 

— ,  Mural  Circle...  1.".,  10, 19,40,81, 121, 127, 138, 107 

— ,  I'riiuo  Vertical  Transit 18,100 

— ,  Transit  Circle,  180,5-1809,  Special  discus- 
sion of 

— , catalogue  of  Wn  08 

— , comparison  with  Me  08 

— , deseriptioii  of  observaticms 

— , discordance  ' '  ll-l)  " 

— , ,  table  of,  forWn  07 

— , \Vn08 

— , latiludo 

— , ,  secular  variation  of 

— , nadirs  in  18!>7,  correction  of 

— , notation 

— , ]U'(diabU;  error 

— , refraction  59, 0(>,81 

— , systematic  corrections 01,08 

— , \viiy;lifs,  table  of !Xi 

— , zeuitli  poinis  for  1808 -17 

— ,  results  for  l-i^-i-15i;u 81,149 

— ,  results  for  1H7(I-1''74 .08,70,81,1.52 

— ,  special  table  of  corrections  to  a.'is'd  il 09 

Wekiiits.  iirelimiuary,  for  normal  system..         72 

— ,  linal    93,91 

— ,  Table  XI  (dclinitive) 

WiKN.    (Ste  Vienna.) 

Wilson,  O.  S 5 

Woi.FEiis,  Tabuliu  Keduclionum 5,  Ml 

I  MiNAl.i.,  I'rof  M.     (.Sec  WasliiuKton,  Mural 

Circb) 19,  10 

Vou.ng's  relV.i.  tious y.> 


t(i3 
100 


J    ij 


m  h 


Explaxation.— It  lias  been  found  necessary  to  omit  Part  2  of  Appendi.v  II,  containing  the  details 
of  .  orrect  ions  t<j  a.ssumed  places. 


*^niw> 


INDEX  TO  SUBJECTS. 


Pago. 

Report  of  the  Commissioner 9-40 

Lottersof  transmittal 11-13 

Treaties  and  official  documents 17-19 

Narrative 20-30 

Record  of  linal  meetiugof  oommissionera.  'M-Si 

List  of  astronomical  stations 34 

List  of  luonunicnts 35-40 

Report  of  (lie  Cliicf  Astronomer 43-208 

Letters  of  transmittal 43-44 

Chapter  I.  General  characteristics  of  the 

country 47-05 

Chapter  II.  General  narrative 07-78 

Chapter  III.  Tlie  Northwest  Point,  Lake 

of  the  Woods..-. 79-83 

Chapter  IV.  Astronomical  determina- 
tions of  latitude  and  mt^thods  of  sur- 
vey     85-94 

Appendix  D.    Records 95-253 

Abst  ract  of  Appendix  C 198-199 

Notes  on  Geodetic  Fonuulio 255-258 


Page, 
Report  of  the  Chief  Astronomer— Continued. 
Chapter  V.  The  Mean  and  Astronomical 

Parallel ; 259-208 

Appendix  A.     Report  of  Captain  Gregory: 

Narrative 271-287 

Instruments    used    and    methods    em- 
ployed   288-302 

Northwest  Anglo,  Lake  of  the  Woods.. 303-312 

Chief  Mountain  Lake 312-310 

Chronometer  performances 310-327 

A])pendi.x  B.    Report  of  Lieutenant  Greene : 

Nanativo 331-340 

Chapter  I.  Geodetic  connections   341-350 

Chapter  II.  Topography 357-370 

Chapter  III.  Operations  during  the  win- 
ter of  1873-74 371-395 

Astronomical    positions    on   reconnais- 
sances   396-101 

Station-errors,  computation  of 402-400 

Ai>pondi.v  II.    Report  of  Assistant  Boss 409 


021 


wmmmmsam^^ 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


I'ilKc. 

Act  iiiitlinrizin^  the  8iirv«',v lit 

Asl•(■l■lll(Mlls(^t'  the  <oiimiissii>mir.s..'W, -iTilililU, 'ilil 

A|)|iri)iiiialiiiii,s I!», yi, -^ 

Ailjdiirmiicnl  dI'  tli<>  .Joinl  CoiiiiiiiHsiDii :u 

Asliiinciniiciil  Kliitioiid  olwrvoil  liy  the  Joint 

('iiiniiiissiiiM :;4 

AslmiMPiiiiciilstiitiiiiisdlisiTvcilliy  tliclJiiiti'd 

Stales  ('Diiiinissici'i 'X, 

Araldr  liinds,  Kxtnit  of 4<,» 

Aziiiiiitlis 1)1 

Air  of  piiiallrl,  hcnutli  of 94 

Aslnmoiiiical  camiis.  Altitudes  of ISH,  l!(i» 

AHtromiinical  parly,  XIaiinrr  of  ('ondiiftiiiji 


■01k 


-yiM 


Itlanli  loiins •><).{ 

Coiivciilion  (d'  l,oiidon.Oi't(d)cr20,  IHlf^...'!, (i,  17,;!l 

('liai^MtiTistics  of  llir  coiiMliy 17-5:1 

t'oti'aii  of  llic  Missonii (il,(iy 

CliroiioiucliTs,  CoiTcctions,  X'^'-i |S7 

('liroiioiiiclci's.  coiTiM'tioiis,  lH7;i ISH,  i;)l 

t'liroiioiiii'lrrs,  coiicrlioiis,  l>'7l HI  J.  liKt 

Disiiissioii  of  4>n(''S :il(;-:l*i 

'r.ililc  of  cniiis :!•.>;! 

Talilr  id' daily  ralis :f.M 

I'aldc  id'  wci'kly  latrs ;iv!5 

Loiiirjiiiili's  liy ;!-.'(i,:!^7 

Coimrclioii  of  ,islioMoiiiiralHlatiipim.i)|,l!(i."i,  :itl-:!4i» 
Dc'liiilMidTidli'd  Slatrstauiti'iil  I im'S..yii( •-'.>■.".» 

Di'Iailsof  lirilish  lan,i;rnl  lini'S •j:ill-->r)l 

Aziiiiiilh  olisi'iviilioiiH  ;t4.'-lll  I,  :!I7 

'I'lacim;"  I  In-  latp^i'iil  lines IM  l-:M7 

Slalioii  ciTorsaudolI'sfls ;i47-;il',) 

t  'on.sirnrliim  of  mounds ;J4> 

Clirononii'tiis )«J] 

Cliii  f  Monnlain  l.a'e l>."),  liy 

t'hiof  Monnlain  l.akr.  Snrvry  of 111  l-:ll(> 

t'lili'iion.  Appliialion  of '  .i 

Dawson  niad   tj4 

Dcclinalion  of  lixed  siars.  t'onipniali  m  >'i'  .   ■"'i.iM 
llcilinalion  of  lixcd  stars,  adoplid I'.ll-l'.lli 


I       i.        .  .  l*iij;i'- 

DnlinaMon  (d    (Ixcd  stnrs,  compiitalion  of 

n.A.C.  '.Mil 11(7 

ll.A.C;.  (17 MI-lM 

Didli'rtionsipf  (111'  jdiinilidiiii' yii'.'-'JCil,  |ll'.'-4(i(i 

I><'K-«I<'<l.-< ;!7.| 

Ksliiiiati-  of  tlic  Cliiif  of  i;ii;;i is Is,  1!» 

Kxinict  fioin  icpoil  of  Coloinl  Liiiin  (lHy4)..         -Jl 

KplifiiiiTis,  nsi'd  in  llu'  liilil yui; 

Korrsl » ri'J 

I'lrindiHHiii's  Cri'i'k o^i 

I'ort  N.  ,).  'I'liriiay y^l 

(Ji'odilir  I'onniila',  Nolis  on 'SCt-UitH 

Hill  of  thr  Mnidilcd  Siouf 00,(11 

lliinirani'  Lake -y 

Ilypsoiiiclry ;i(l(l-;Ult> 

IiTi^iition .M 

InNtriinicnls,  Aslrononiiral s."i,y,''s 

Siuvryinj,; HI 

Inslniini'Tilal  Coiislanls Hi, 21(7 

No.    7.  Slicroniclrr 170 

No.    7.  lii'vid 171 

No.  yo.  r.i'vii i7y 

No.  20.  Micioiin'li'r 174,  17.''p,  IW,  IS.".,  IWi 

No.  11.  Miiionudiv l,-'l,lKt 

No.  II.  T.cvid 1711,  IHy 

Iiistniniiiil  Stands yss-y'.Hl 

l,i'lli'i-of  till'  Scirrran  of  si  air ,">-7 

Lt'ltcr  of  till'  ('oiiiniissionir 1 1-41 

Lollirid'llir  r:,;,f  Asinmoniii- 11-1:1,1:1- 11 

l.al-',  of  111.!  Woods .-,:!,  :i;t:i 


l.atilndrs,  I'.  S.  (Hisoivations: 

Sialion  No.  1,  I'nubiiia i)ii-lii(i 

Stal  ion  No.  y,  KasI,  l„ikr  of  I  lir  Woods.  IIII-II14 

Slalioii  No.  y,  Wist,  I'oinl  Miilnd |ir,-107 

Sialion  No.  :!,  riinldiia  .Ml lii.-^-lU 

Slalioii  No.  4.  I'rniliiiia  Ml..  Wi'si  sidr.  I  ly-H.^- 
Slalioii  No,  .-..  1 •;  l.'ivii' Iir.-11'J 

Sialion  No,  11,  liii  I  If  Ml .I.l)-|y:l 

Sialion  Nu.  7.  Sonlli  Anilii  Ciiik |yi-|y7 

tiy;i 


•  i 


1^ 

4 


624 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Paga 
Latitiulea,  U.  S.  Observations— Coiitiuncd. 

Station  No,  8,  KiviiVo  (leg  Lacs 128-l;il 

Station  No.  9,  Mouse  Kiver 132-1:15 

Station  No.  11),  Mid  Cottau i:«i-138 

Station  No.  11,  Bully  Spring llt'J-Ml 

Station  No.  12,  Wc»t  I'oiiliu- 112-U4 

Station  No.  13,  I'rouclnuan's  Creek l'liV-147 

Station  No.  14,  Tool  <ni  I'rairie 148-l,-,0 

Stat  ion  No.  15,  l^ast,  I'ork 151-l,'-,3 

Station  No.  Hi,  Milk  l{ivrrl,akc8 154-157 

Station  No.  17,  Kast  Ilutle I.5t<-1(;() 

Station  No.  18,  Ked  Kiver Ifil-KKl 

Station  No.  1»,  North Kork, Milk  l{ivcr.l(i4-l(i(i 
Station  No.  20,  (•liiet'MoinitainLako..l(i7-10i) 

Sunnnary  of  Itrili.sli  SliiliiMis 198 

Summary  of  rc'sults 298 

Letter  of  Captain  Orpnory 271 

Letter  of  Lieutenant  tireeno 331 

Littlo  Roeky  Creek 280 

Longit  udea 349-355 

Message  from  tlie  President 5 

Monuments,  i.istof 35—10 

at  NortliwesI  Point 81,30,->-3(l9 

Description  of  iron  monuments 285 

Mouse  liiver 59 

Milk  Kiver  Ridge C4 

Maps,  Projeetion  of 94 

Const  met  ion  of 3(i.S-3C9 

Mean  and  nstronomieal  parallel 2.59-208 

Jleridian  of  Fort  Sliaw 351-354 

Meteorology    300,301 

Northwest  Point,  Lake  of  t  ho  Woods.  .23,79-83, 303 

Coni]iuta1ion  of  surveys  at 310-312 

Natural  divisions  of  the  eountry .50-51 

Northwest  angle.  Lake  of  the  Woods 53,303 

Narrative  of  the  Chief  Astronomer G7-78 

Captain  Gregory 272-287 

Lieutenant  Greene 332-340 

OfflccTS  detailed 20 


Page. 

OfTsels,  ComxHitation  of 93 

OlVsets,  Table  of 257 

Prairie  stn-ams,  Charactorist  ics  of 51 

Pembina  Mountains 58 

Report  of  the  Conmnssioncr 17-40 

Rainy  River 63,385 

Roseau  River 55-56 

Red  River 50-58, 392 

Riviere  des  I,acs CO 

I.'oeky  Slountains (i4,  3G'l-36C 

Reeounaissanees,     Astronomieal     positions 

on 299,  39(i-401 

Settlements  on  tlio  Red  River 47 

Sextants 290 

Station-<"rrors,  Discussion  of 402-40(5 

Station-errors,  Table  of 355, 403 

Stadia-lines,  Krrors  of 94,  300-301 

Snow-shoe.s 378 

Turtle  Mountain 59 

Three  lluttes 03 

Tangents,  Tracing  of 92 

Topographical  work 94, 357-3<i7 

Tangent-lines 357 

Stadia-lines :r.7-304 

Minor  compass  snrveys 304 

Reconnaissances 307 

Trinngulations,  Delly  River 2.52, 253 

Nort  hwest  Point 311 ,  312 

Fort  Shaw 352 

Treaty  of  Ghent,  Declaration  of  Commis- 
sioners        303 

Tobogans 374 

Temperatures,  Tables  of 323-32.5,  394-395 

Woody  >'     intain 02 

WoodKi. 70 

Winter  transportation 373 

Clothing 377 

Observations  during 380 

Temperatures 391 


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